Unix KornShell Quick Reference
Unix KornShell Quick Reference
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special characters
Evaluating shell variables
The if statement
The logical operators
Math operators
Controlling execution
Debug mode
Examples
Example 1 : loops, cases ...
Example 2 : switches
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
5. List of Usual commands
6. List of Administrator commands
1.
Command Language
I/O redirection and pipe
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
command
command >file
command 2>err_file
command >file 2>&1
(command > f1) 2>f2
command >>file
command <file
command << text
% command1
command2
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Shell variables
# Warning : no blank before of after the = sign
# Integers :
n=100 ; x=&n
integer t
typeset -r roues=4
# definition of a CONSTANT (read only)
typeset -i2 x
# declares x as binary integer
typeset -i8 y
# declares y as octal integer
typeset -i16 z
# guess what ?
# Strings :
lettre="Q" ; mot="elephant"
phrase="Hello, word"
print "n=$n ; lettre=$lettre ; mot=$mot ; phrase=$phrase"
typeset -r nom="JMB"
# string constant
# Arrays
: one dimensional arrays of integers or strings
#
automatically dimensionned to 1024
animal[0]="dog" ; animal[1]="horse" ; animal[3]="donkey"
set -A flower tulip gardenia " " rose
print ${animal[*]}
print ${flower[@]}
print "cell#1 content : ${flower[1]}
Pattern matching
+------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Wild card
| matches
|
+------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| ?
| any single char
|
| [char1char2... charN] | any single char from the specified list
|
| [!char1char2... charN] | any single char other than one from the
|
|
| specified list
|
| [char1-charN]
| any char between char1 and charN inclusive
|
| [!char1-charN]
| any char other than between char1 and charN
|
|
| inclusive
|
| *
| any char or any group of char (including none) |
| ?(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| zero or one of the specified patterns
|
| @(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| exactly one of the specified patterns
|
| *(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| zero, one or more of the specified patterns
|
| +(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| one or more of the specified patterns
|
| !(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| any pattern except one of the specif. patterns |
+------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
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Tilde Expansion :
~
your home directory (ls ~)
~frenkiel
home directory of another user
~+
absolute pathname of the working directory
~previous directory (cd ~-) ( or cd -)
Control characters
< ctrl_c> Cancel the currently running process (foreground)
< ctrl_z> Suspend the currently running process
then : > bg
: to send it in background
or
> fg
: continue in foreground
or
> kill -option
: sends signals (such as TERMINATE)
ex
> kill -9 pid
: to kill a background job
kill -l
: to find out all the signals
supported by your system.
< ctrl_d> End of file character
$ stty
to see what are the KILL & <EOF> characters
2.
The environment
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| environmental characteristic
| child inherit this ? |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| parent's access rights to files, directories | yes
|
| the files that parent has opened
| yes
|
| parent's ressource limits (type ulimit)
| yes
|
| parent's response to signal
| yes
|
| aliases defined by parent
| NO (expect opt -x)
|
| functions defined by parent
| if exported (*)
|
| variables defined by parent
| if exported (*)
|
| KornShell variables (except IFS)
| if exported (*)
|
| KornShell variable IFS
| if NOT exported
|
| parent's option settings (type set -o)
| no
|
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
(*) Not needed if a 'set -o allexport' statement has told the KornShell to
export all these variables and functions
To export a variable :
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$ export LPDEST=pshpa
$ echo $LPDEST
$ echo LPDEST
---> pshpa
---> LPDEST
Dot Scripts : a script that runs in the parent's environment, so it is not a child of the caller. A dot script inherits ALL of the caller's environment. To
invoke a dot script, just preface the name of the script with a dot and a space :
$ ficus.ksh
$ . ficus.fsh
Aliases : An alias is a nickname for a KornShell statement or script, a user program or a command. Example:
$ alias del='rm -i'
$ alias
$ unalias del
It is recommanded (but not mandatory) to write the local variable names in lower case letters and those of global variables in upper case letters.
Sequence of KornShell start-up scripts : The KornShell supports 3 start-up scripts. The first 2 are login scripts; they are executed when you log in. A
third one runs whenever you create a KornShell or run a KornShell script.
- /etc/profile
- $HOME/.profile
Use this file to :
- set & export values of variables
- set options such as ignoreeof that you want to apply to your
login shell only
- specify a script to execute when yu log out
Example :
set -o allexport
# export all variables
PATH=.:/bin:/usr/bin:$HOME/bin
# define command search path
CDPATH=.:$HOME:$HOME/games
# define search path for cd
FPATH=$HOME/mathlib:/usr/funcs
# define path for autoload
PS1='! $PWD> '
# define primary prompt
PS2='Line continues here> '
# define secondary prompt
HISTSIZE=100
# define size of history file
ENV=$HOME/.kshrc
# pathname of environment script
TMOUT=0
# KornShell won't be timed out
VISUAL=vi
# make vi the comm. line editor
set +o allexport
# turn off allexport feature
- script whose name is hold in the KornShell variable ENV
Use this file to :
- define aliases & functions that apply for interactive use only
- set default options that you want to apply to all ksh invocations
- set variables that you want to apply to the current ksh invoc.
Example :
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| REPLY
| input repository
| none
| KSH |
| SECONDS
| nb of seconds since KornShell
| none
| KSH |
|
| was invoked
|
|
|
| SHELL
| executed shell (sh, csh, ksh)
| none
| SA
|
| TERM
| type of terminal you're using
| none
| SA
|
| TMOUT
| turn off (timeout) an unused
| 0 (unlimited)
| KSH |
|
| KornShell
|
|
|
| VISUAL
| command line editor
| /bin/ed
| U,SA |
| $
| PID of current process
| none
| KSH |
| !
| PID of the background process
| none
| KSH |
| ?
| last command exit status
| none
| KSH |
| _
| miscellaneous data
| none
| KSH |
+-----------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+------+
| Variable | What this variable holds
| Default
| Who |
|
|
|
| sets |
+-----------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+------+
Where U : User sets this variable
SA : system administrator
KSH: KornShell
3.
man command
man -k keyword
apropos keyword
whatis command
Directory listing
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> ls [opt]
-a list hidden files
-d list the name of the current directory
-F show directories with a trailing '/'
executable files with a trailing '*'
-g show group ownership of file in long listing
-i print the inode number of each file
-l long listing giving details about files and directories
-R list all subdirectories encountered
-t sort by time modified instead of name
Changing directory
>
>
>
>
cd pathname
cd
cd ~tristram
cd -
> pwd
Comparing files
>
>
>
>
>
>
diff
sdiff
diff
cmp
file
comm
f1
f2
f1
f2
dir1 dir2
f1
f2
filename
f1
f2
Access to files
user
r w x
4 2 1
> ls -l
group
rwx
others
rwx
display access permission
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>
>
>
>
>
chmod
chmod
chmod
chmod
umask
754 file
u+x file1
g+re file2
a+r *.pub
002
Visualizing files
>
>
>
>
>
>
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Job control
> nohup command
>
>
>
>
>
at, batch
jobs [-lp] [job_name]
kill -l
kill [-signal] job...
wait [job...]
> ps
miscellaneous
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
who [am i]
lists names of users currently logged in
rwho
idem for all machines on the local network
w
idem + what they are doing
whoami
your userid
groups
names of the groups you belong to
hostname
name of the host currently connected
finger
names of users, locally or remotly logged in
finger name
information about this user
finger name@cdfhp3
mail
electronic mail
grep
searching strings in files
sleep
sleep for a given amount of time (shell scripts)
sort
sort items in a file
touch
change the modification time of a file
tar
compress all files in a directory (and its
subdirectories) into one file
type
tells you where a command is located (or what it is an
alias for)
find pathname -name "name" -print
seach recursively from pathename for "name". "name" can
contain wild chars.
findw string
search recursively for filenames containing 'string'
file fich
tries to guess the type of 'fich' (wild chars allowed)
passwd
changing Pass Word
sh -x command
Debugging a shell script
echo $SHELL
Finding out which shell you are using
/.../sh
Bourne shell
/.../csh
C shell
/.../tcsh
TC shell
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/.../ksh
/.../bash
> df
> du
>
>
>
>
>
time command
ruptime
telnet host
rlogin host
stty
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
tty, pty
write user_name
msg y
msg n
mes
wall
date
ulimit
whence command
whence -v name
tee [-a] file
> wc file
Korn shell
Bourne Again SHell
gives a list of available disk space
gives disk space used by the current directory and all
its subdirectories
execute 'command' and then, gives the elapse time
gives the status of all machines on the local network
for remote login
idem for machines running UNIX
set terminal I/O options
(without args or with -a, list current settings)
get the name of the terminal
send a message (end by < ctrl_d --> to a logged user
enable message reception
disable message recpt.
status of mes. recept.
idem write, but for all logged users.
display date and time on standard output
set or display system ressource limits
find pathname corresponding to 'command'
gives the type of 'name' (built-in, alias, files ...)
reads standard input, writes to standard output and
file. Appends to 'file' if option -a
Counts lines, words and chars in 'file'
history
history 166 168
history -r 166 168
history -2
history set
r
r cc
r foo=bar cc
r 215
r math.c=cond.c 214
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
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You can edit the command line with the 'vi' or 'emacs' editor :
Put the following line inside a KornShell login script :
FCEDIT=vi; export FCEDIT
$ set -o emacs
> fc [-e editor] [-nlr] [first [last]]
* display (-l) commands from history file
* Edit and re-execute previous commands (FCEDIT if no -e).
'last' and 'first' can be numbers or strings
$ fc
# edit a copy of last command
$ fc 271
# edit, then re-execute command number 271
$ fc 270 272
# group command 270, 271 & 272, edit, re-execute
4.
$$
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$!
$$*
$@
shift
special characters
The special chars of the Korn shell are :
$ \ # ? [ ] * + & | ( ) ; ` " '
- A pair of simple quotes '...' turns off the significance of ALL enclosed chars
- A pair of double quotes "..." : idem except for $ ` " \
- A '\' shuts off the special meaning of the char immediately to its right.
Thus, \$ is equivalent to '$'.
- In a script shell :
#
: all text that follow it up the newline is a comment
\
: if it is the last char on a line, signals a continuation line
qui suit est la continuation de celle-ci
The if statement
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Test on numbers :
((number1 == number2))
((number1 != number2))
((number1
number2))
((number1 > number2))
((number1 = number2))
((number1 >= number2))
Warning : 5 different possible syntaxes (not absolutely identical) :
if ((x == y))
if test $x -eq $y
if let "$x == $y"
if [ $x -eq $y ]
if [[ $x -eq $y ]]
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examples :
[[ -f $myfile ]]
# is $myfile a regular file?
[[ -x /usr/users/judyt ]]
# is this file executable?
+---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Test
| Returns true if object...
|
+---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| -a object
| exist; any type of object
|
| -f object
| is a regular file or a symbolic link
|
| -d object
| is a directory
|
| -c object
| is a character special file
|
| -b object
| is a block special file
|
| -p object
| is a named pipe
|
| -S object
| is a socket
|
| -L object
| is a symbolic (soft) link with another object
|
| -k object
| object's "sticky bit" is set
|
| -s object
| object isn't empty
|
| -r object
| I may read this object
|
| -w object
| I may write to (modify) this object
|
| -x object
| object is an executable file
|
|
|
or a directory I can search
|
| -O object
| I ownn this object
|
| -G object
| the group to which I belong owns object
|
| -u object
| object's set-user-id bit is set
|
| -g object
| object's set-group-id bit is set
|
| obj1 -nt obj2 | obj1 is newer than obj2
|
| obj1 -ot obj2 | obj1 is older than obj2
|
| obj1 -ef obj2 | obj1 is another name for obj2 (equivalent)
|
+---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
cmd1 is executed and its exit status examined. Only if cmd1 succeeds is cmd2 executed. You can use the || operator to execute a command and, if it
fails, execute the next command in the command list.
cmd1 || cmd2
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Math operators
First, don't forget that you have to enclose the entire mathematical operation within a DOUBLE pair of parentheses. A single pair has a completely
different meaning to the Korn-Shell.
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+
| operator | operation | example
|
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+
| +
| add.
| ((y = 7 + 10))
|
| | sub.
| ((y = 7 - 10))
|
| *
| mult.
| ((y = 7 * 4))
|
| /
| div.
| ((y = 37 / 5))
|
| %
| modulo
| ((y = 37 + 5))
|
|
| shift
| ((y = 2#1011 2))
|
| >>
| shift
| ((y = 2#1011 >> 2))
|
| &
| AND
| ((y = 2#1011 & 2#1100)) |
| ^
| excl OR
| ((y = 2#1011 ^ 2#1100)) |
| |
| OR
| ((y = 2#1011 | 2#1100)) |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+
Controlling execution
goto my_label
......
my_label:
----case value in
pattern1) command1 ; ... ; commandN;;
pattern2) command1 ; ... ; commandN;;
........
patternN) command1 ; ... ; commandN;;
esac
where : value
value of a variable
pattern any constant, pattern or group of pattern
command name of any program, shell script or ksh statement
example 1 :
case $advice in
[Yy][Ee][Ss])
print "A yes answer";;
[Mm]*)
print "M followed by anything";;
+([0-9))
print "Any integer...";;
"oui" | "bof") print "one or the other";;
*)
print "Default";;
example 2 :
Creating nice menus
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Deux) ..... ;;
*) print " Defaut" ;;
esac
done
Debug mode
> ksh -x script_name
ou, dans un 'shell script' :
set -x
# start debug mode
set +x
# stop debug mode
Examples
Example 1 : loops, cases ...
#!/bin/ksh
USAGE="usage : fmr [dir_name]"
# how to invoke this script
print "
+------------------------+
| Start fmr shell script |
+------------------------+
"
function fonc
{
echo "Loop over params, with shift function"
for i do
print "parameter $1"
# print is equivalent to echo
shift
done
# Beware that $# in now = 0 !!!
}
echo "Loop over all ($#) parameters : $*"
for i do
echo "parameter $i"
done
#---------------------if (( $# > 0 ))
# Is the first arg. a directory name ?
then
dir_name=$1
else
print -n "Directory name:"
read dir_name
fi
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fi
#-----echo "--------------- Menu select ----------"
PS3="Enter your choice: "
select menu_list in English francais quit
do
case $menu_list in
English)
print "Thank you";;
francais) print "Merci.";;
quit)
break;;
*)
print " ????";;
esac
done
print "So long!"
Example 2 : switches
#!/bin/ksh
USAGE="usage: gopt.ksh [+-d] [ +-q]"
# + and - switches
while getopts :dq arguments
# note the leading colon
do
case $arguments in
d) compile=on;;
# don't precede d with a minus sign
+d) compile=off;;
q) verbose=on;;
+q) verbose=off;;
\?) print "$OPTARG is not a valid option"
print "$USAGE";;
esac
done
print "compile=$compile - verbose= $verbose"
Example 3
###############################################################
# This is a function named 'sqrt'
function sqrt
# square the input argument
{
((s = $1 * $1 ))
}
# In fact, all KornShell variables are, by default, global
# (execpt when defined with typeset, integer or readonly)
# So, you don't have to use 'return $s'
###############################################################
# The shell script begins execution at the next line
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Example 4
#!/bin/ksh
############ Using exec to do I/O on multiple files ############
USAGE="usage : ex4.ksh file1 file2"
if (($# != 2))
# this script needs 2 arguments
then
print "$USAGE"
exit 1
fi
############ Both arguments must be
if [[ (-f $1) && (-f $2) && (-r $1)
then
#
exec 3 <$1
#
exec 4 <$2
#
exec 5> match
#
exec 6> nomatch
#
else
#
print "$
USAGE"
exit 2
fi
while read -u3 lineA
#
do
read -u4 lineB
#
if [ "$lineA" = "$lineB" ]
then
#
print -u5 "$lineA"
else
#
print -u6 "$lineA; $lineB"
fi
done
print "Done, today : $(date)"
date_var=$(date)
print " I said $date_var"
Example 5
############ String manipulation examples ##################
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5.
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absolute debugger
simple text formatter
create and administer SCCS files
maintain portable archives and libraries
assembler
interpret ASA carriage control characters
translate assembly language
execute commands at a later time
time an assembly language instruction sequence
translate assembly language
pattern - directed scanning and processing language
make posters in large letters
extract portions of path names
arbitrary - precision arithmetic language
BDF to SNF font compiler for X11
big diff
big file scanner
change mode of a BIF file
change file owner or group
copy to or from BIF files
find files in a BIF system
list contents of BIF directories
make a BIF directory
remove BIF files or directories
bitmap editor and converter utilities
a compiler/interpreter for modest - sized programs
print calendar
reminder service
concatenate, copy, and print files
C program beautifier, formatter
C compiler
change working directory
C, C++, FORTRAN, Pascal symbolic debugger
change the delta commentary of an SCCS delta
generate C flow graph
add, modify, delete, copy, or summarize access con
change program's internal attributes
check nroff/troff files
change finger entry
change file mode
change file owner or group
change default login shell
check in RCS revisions
clear terminal screen
compare two files
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cnodes
co
col
comb
comm
compact, uncompact
cp
cpio
cpp
crontab
crypt
csh
csplit
ct
ctags
cu
cut
cxref
date
datebook
dbmonth
dbweek
dc
dd
delta
deroff
diff
diff3
diffmk
dircmp
domainname
dos2ux, ux2dos
doschmod
doscp
dosdf
dosls, dosll
dosmkdir
dosrm, dosrmdir
du
echo
ed, red
elm
elmalias
enable, disable
env
et
ex, edit
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expand, unexpand
expr
expreserve
factor, primes
file
find
findmsg, dumpmsg
findstr
finger
fixman
fold
forder
from
ftio
ftp
gencat
get
getaccess
getconf
getcontext
getopt
getprivgrp
gprof
grep, egrep, fgrep
groups
gwindstop
help
hostname
hp
hpterm
hyphen
iconv
id
ident
ied
imageview
intro
iostat
ipcrm
ipcs
join
kermit
keysh
kill
ksh, rksh
lastcomm
ld
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leave
remind you when you have to leave
lex
generate programs for lexical analysis of text
lifcp
copy to or from LIF files
lifinit
write LIF volume header on file
lifls
list contents of a LIF directory
lifrename
rename LIF files
lifrm
remove a LIF file
line
read one line from user input
lint
a C program checker/verifier
ln
link files and directories
lock
reserve a terminal
logger
make entries in the system log
login
sign on
logname
get login name
lorder
find ordering relation for an object library
lp, cancel, lpalt
send/cancel/alter requests to an LP line
lpstat
print LP status information
ls, l, ll, lsf, lsr, lsxlist contents of directories
lsacl
list access control lists (ACLs) of files
m4
macro processor
mail, rmail
send mail to users or read mail
mailfrom
summarize mail folders by subject and sender
mailstats
print mail traffic statistics
mailx
interactive message processing system
make
maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs
makekey
generate encryption key
man
find manual information by keywords; print out a
mediainit
initialize disk or cartridge tape media
merge
three - way file merge
mesg
permit or deny messages to terminal
mkdir
make a directory
mkfifo
make FIFO (named pipe) special files
mkfontdir
create fonts.dir file from directory of font
mkmf
make a makefile
mkstr
extract error messages from C source into a file
mktemp
make a name for a temporary file
mm, osdd
print documents formatted with the mm macros
more, page
file perusal filter for crt viewing
mt
magnetic tape manipulating program
mv
move or rename files and directories
mwm
The Motif Window Manager.
neqn
format mathematical text for nroff
netstat
show network status
newform
change or reformat a text file
newgrp
log in to a new group
newmail
notify users of new mail in mailboxes
news
print news items
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nice
nl
nljust
nlsinfo
nm
nm
nm
nodename
nohup
nroff
nslookup
od, xd
on
pack, pcat, unpack
pam
passwd
paste
pathalias
pax
pcltrans
pg
ppl
pplstat
pr
praliases
prealloc
printenv
printf
prmail
prof
protogen
prs
ps, cps
ptx
pwd
pwget, grget
quota
rcp
rcs
rcsdiff
rcsmerge
readmail
remsh
resize
rev
rgb
rlog
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rlogin
rm
rmdel
rmdir
rmnl
rpcgen
rtprio
rup
ruptime
rusers
rwho
sact
sar
sb2xwd
sbvtrans
sccsdiff
screenpr
script
sdfchmod
sdfchown, sdfchgrp
sdfcp, sdfln, sdfmv
sdffind
sdfls, sdfll
sdfmkdir
sdfrm, sdfrmdir
sdiff
sed
sh
sh, rsh
shar
shl
showcdf
size
sleep
slp
soelim
softbench
sort
spell, hashmake
split
ssp
stconv
stlicense
stload
stmkdirs
stmkfont
strings
remote login
remove files or directories
remove a delta from an SCCS file
remove directories
remove extra new - line characters from file
an RPC protocol compiler
execute process with real - time priority
show host status of local machines (RPC version)
show status of local machines
determine who is logged in on machines on local
show who is logged in on local machines
print current SCCS file editing activity
system activity reporter
translate Starbase bitmap to xwd bitmap format
translate a Starbase HPSBV archive to Personal
compare two versions of an SCCS file
capture the screen raster information and
make typescript of terminal session
change mode of an SDF file
change owner or group of an SDF file
copy, link, or move files to/from an
find files in an SDF system
list contents of SDF directories
make an SDF directory
remove SDF files or directories
side-by - side difference program
stream text editor
shell partially based on preliminary POSIX draft
shell, the standard/restricted command programming
make a shell archive package
shell layer manager
show the actual path name matched for a CDF
print section sizes of object files
suspend execution for an interval
set printing options for a non - serial printer
eliminate .so's from nroff input
SoftBench Software Development Environment
sort and/or merge files
spelling errors
split a file into pieces
remove multiple line - feeds from output
Utility to convert scalable type symbol set map
server access control program for X
Utility to load Scalable Type outlines
Utility to build Scalable Type ``.dir'' and
Scalable Typeface font compiler to create X and
find the printable strings in an object or other
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strip
stty
su
sum
tabs
tar
tbl
tcio
tee
telnet
test
tftp
time
timex
touch
tput
tr
true, false
tset, reset
tsort
ttytype
ul
umask
umodem
uname
unget
unifdef
uniq
units
uptime
users
uucp, uulog, uuname
uuencode, uudecode
uupath, mkuupath
uustat
uuto, uupick
uux
vacation
val
vc
vi
vis, inv
vmstat
vt
wait
wc
what
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which
who
whoami
write
x11start
xargs
xcal
xclock
xdb
xdialog
xfd
xhost
xhpcalc
xinit
xinitcolormap
xline
xload
xlsfonts
xmodmap
xpr
xrdb
xrefresh
xseethru
xset
xsetroot
xstr
xtbdftosnf
xterm
xthost
xtmkfontdir
xtshowsnf
xtsnftosnf
xwcreate
xwd
xwd2sb
xwdestroy
xwininfo
xwud
yacc
yes
ypcat
ypmatch
yppasswd
ypwhich
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6.
accept, reject
acctcms
acctcom
acctcon1, acctcon2
acctdisk, acctdusg
acctmerg
acctprc1, acctprc2
arp
audevent
audisp
audomon
audsys
audusr
automount
backup
bdf
bifdf
biffsck
biffsdb
bifmkfs
boot
bootpd
bootpquery
brc, bcheckrc, rc
buildlang
captoinfo
catman
ccck
chroot
clri
clrsvc
cluster
config
convertfs
cpset
cron
csp
devnm
allow/prevent LP requests
command summary from per - process accounting
search and print process accounting
time accounting
overview of account
merge or add total accounting files
process accounting
address resolution display and control
change or display event or system call audit
display the audit information as requested by the
audit overflow monitor daemon
start or halt the auditing system and set or
select users to audit
automatically mount NFS file systems
backup or archive file system
report number of free disk blocks (Berkeley version)
report number of free disk blocks
Bell file system consistency check and interactive
Bell file system debugger
construct a Bell file system
bootstrap process
Internet Boot Protocol server
send BOOTREQUEST to BOOTP server
system initializa
generate and display locale.def file
convert a termcap description into a terminfo
create the cat files for the manual
HP Cluster configuration file checker
change root directory for a command
clear inode
clear x25 switched virtual circuit
allocate resources for clustered operation
configure an HP - UX system
convert a file system to allow long file names
install object files in binary directories
clock daemon
create cluster server processes
device name
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df
diskinfo
disksecn
diskusg
dmesg
drm admin
dump, rdump
dumpfs
edquota
eisa config
envd
fbackup
fingerd
frecover
freeze
fsck
fsclean
fsdb
fsirand
ftpd
fuser, cfuser
fwtmp, wtmpfix
gated
getty
getx25
glbd
grmd
gwind
hosts to named
ifconfig
inetd
init, telinit
insf
install
instl adm
intro
ioinit
ioscan
isl
killall
lanconfig
lanscan
last, lastb
lb admin
lb test
link, unlink
llbd
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lockd
lpadmin
lpana
lpsched, lpshut
ls admin
ls rpt
ls stat
ls targetid
ls tv
lsdev
lssf
makecdf
makedbm
mkboot, rmboot
mkdev
mkfs
mklost+found
mklp
mknod
mkpdf
mkrs
mksf
mount, umount
mountd
mvdir
named
ncheck
netdistd
netfmt
netlsd
nettl
nettlconf
nettlgen
newfs
nfsd, biod
nfsstat
nrglbd
opx25
pcnfsd
pcserver
pdc
pdfck
pdfdiff
perf
ping
portmap
proxy
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pwck, grpck
quot
quotacheck
quotaon, quotaoff
rbootd
rcancel
reboot
recoversl
regen
remshd
repquota
restore, rrestore
revck
rexd
rexecd
ripquery
rlb
rlbdaemon
rlogind
rlp
rlpdaemon
rlpstat
rmfn
rmsf
rmt
route
rpcinfo
rquotad
rstatd
runacct
rusersd
rwall
rwalld
rwhod
sa1, sa2, sadc
sam
savecore
sdfdf
sdffsck
sdffsdb
sdsadmin
sendmail
setmnt
setprivgrp
showmount
shutdown
sig named
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snmpd
spray
sprayd
statd
stcode
subnetconfig
swapinfo
swapon
sync
syncer
sysdiag
syslogd
sysrm
telnetd
tftpd
tic
tunefs
untic
update, updist
uucheck
uucico
uuclean
uucleanup
uugetty
uuid gen
uuls
uusched
uusnap
uusnaps
uusub
uuxqt
uxgen
vhe altlog
vhe mounter
vhe u mnt
vipw
vtdaemon
wall, cwall
whodo
xdm
xtptyd
ypinit
ypmake
yppasswdd
yppoll
yppush
ypserv, ypbind
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ypset
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