USAF Stability and Control Datcom

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USAF STABILITY AND CONTROL DATCOM
MCDONNEf...L'OQUGLAS CORPORATION
DOUGLAS
AIFfCRAFT OIVI~ION
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PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: R. D. FINCK
OCTOBER 1960
Contract AF33(616)-6460
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REVISED APRIL 197 8

Contract F336;S-76-C-3061
Project No. 8219
,Task No. 821901
FLI<{HT C0:Nr,IWL DIVISION

AIR FORCE FLIGOTJ)YNAMICS LABOR'ATORY
WRIGHT-PATTERSON
Ai'R " FORCE BASE; OHIO
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FOREWORD
The current volume entitled "USAF Stability and Control Datcom" has been
prepared by the Douglas Aircraft Division of the McDonnell Douglas Corporation
under
Contracts
AF33(616)-6460, AF33(615)-1605,
F336!5-67-C-1156,
F33615-68-C-1260, F33615-70-C-J 087, F33615-71-C-1298, F33615-72-C-1348,
F33615-73-C-3057, F33615-74-C-3021, F33615-75-C-3067, and F33615-76-C3061. (The term Datcom is a shorthand notation for data compendium.) This effort
is sponsored by the Control Criteria Branch of the Flight Control Division, Air Force
Flight Dynamics Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. The
Air Force project engineers for this project were J. W. Carlson and D. E. Hoak. The
present volume has been published in order to replace the original work and to
provide timely stability and flight control data and methods for the design of
manned aircraft, missiles, and space vehicles. It is anticipated that this volume will
be continuously revised and expanded to maintain its currency and utility.
Comments concerning this effort are invited; these should be addressed to the
procuring agency.
iii
CONTRIBUTORS
DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT COMPANY, INC. 1960-1965
MCDONNELL DOUGLAS CORPORATION
DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT DIVISION 1967-1977
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS
R. D. FINCK (1971)
D. E. ELLISON ( 1962-1970)
L. V. MALTHAN (1958-1962)
PRINCIPAL COLLABORATORS
D. E. Ellison .
R. B. Harris
D. E. Drake .
M. J. Abzug .
C. S. Thorndike
Technical Director
Technical Advisor
Technical Advisor
Technical Advisor
Technical Editor, 2.1,
Sample Problems & Illustrations
4.6-, 4.7-, 5.2-, 5.3-, 5.6
R. A. Berg ..
G. L. Huggins
R. M. Seplak .
A. C. Blaschke .
P. J. Buce ..
M.S. Cahn . . .
J. W. Gresham .
N.H. Buckingham .
W. H. Rudderow.
C. 0. White .
J. L. Lundry . . .
D.P. Marsh . . .
J. L. Woodworth .
J. Hebert . . . .
M. G. Brislawn .
W. B. Fisher .
H. B. Dietrick
R. C. Leeds
S. L. Fallon .
64-, 37-
4.3-, 5-, 664-
4.26-
4-, 5-
48.1
8.2
496-
Sample Problems
Graphs & Illustrations
Graphs & Illustrations
iv
Revised Apri11978
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section I
GUIDE TO DATCOM and METHODS SUMMARY
Section 2
GENERAL INFORMATION
2.1
2.2
General Notation
Wing Parameters
Section Parameters
2.2.1
2.2.2
Plan form Parameters
2.3
Body Parameters
EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL STORES
Section 3
3.1
Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Lift

Lift Increment Due to Wing-Mounted Store Installations
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
Lift Increment Due to Fuselage-Mounted Store Installations

Total Lift Increment Due to External Stores
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Drag

Drag at Zero Lift
Basic Drag Due to Store Installations
Drag Due to Adjacent Store Interference
Drag Due to Fuselage Interference
3.2.2
3.2.3
Drag Due to Lift

Total Drag Increment Due to External Stores
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
Neutral-Point Shift Due to Lift Transfer from Store Installation to Clean Aircraft
3.3
Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Neutral Point

Neutral-Point Shift Due to Interference Effects on Wing Flow Field
Neutral-Point Shift Due to Change in Tail Effectiveness
Total Neutral-Point Shift Due to External Stores
3.4
3.5
Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Side Force

Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Yawing Moment
Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Rolling Moment
3.6
Section 4
CHARACTERISTICS AT ANGLE OF ATTACK
4.1
Wings at Angle of Attack
4.1.1
Section Lift
4.1.1.1
4.1.1.2
4.1.1.3
4.1.1.4
4.1.2
Section Zero-Lift Angle of A !tack

Section Lift-Curve Slope
Section Lift Variation with Angle of Attack Near Maximum Lift
Section Maximum Lift
Section Pitching Moment
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.2
Section Zero-Lift Pitching Moment

Section Pitching-Moment Variation with Lift
Wing Lift
4.1.3.1
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.3
4.1.3.4
Wing Zero-Lift Angle of Attack

Wing Lift-Curve Slope
Wing Lift in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing Maximum Lift
Wing Pitching Moment
Wing Zero-Lift Pitching Moment
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.4.1
4.1.4.2
Wing Pitching-Moment-Curve Slope
*Subjects for Future Additions
4.1.4.3
4.1.5
4.1.5.1
4.1 .5.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.l.l
4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3
4.2.2
4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3
4.2.3
4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.l.l
4.3.1.2
4.3.1.3
4.3.1.4
Wing Pitching Moment in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range

Wing Drag
Wing Zero-Lift Drag
Wing Drag at Angle of Attack
Bodies at Angle of Attack
Body Lift
Body Lift-Cu!Ve Slope
Body Lift in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range
*Effects of Asymmetries
Body Pitching Moment

Body Pitching-Moment-Curve Slope
Body Pitching Moment in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range
Body Drag
Body Zero-Lift Drag
Body Drag at Angle of Attack
Wing-Body, Tail-Body Combinations at Angle of Attack
Wing-Body Lift
*Wing-Body Zero-Lift Angle of Attack
Wing-Body Lift-CuiVe Slope
Wing-Body Lift in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing-Body Maximum Lift
Wing-Body Pitching Moment
4.3.2
4.3.2.1
4.3.2.2
4.3.2.3
4.3.2.4
Wing-Body Zero-Lift Pitching Moment

Wing-Body Pitching-Moment-Curve Slope
*Wing-Body Pitching Moment in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing-Body Drag
4.3.3
4.3.3.1
4.3.3.2
Wing-Body Zero-Lift Drag

Wing-Body Drag at Angle of Attack
Wing-Wing Combinations at Angle of Attack (Wing Flow Fields)
4.4
Wing-Wing Combinations at Angle of Attack
4.4.1
Wing-Body-Tail Combinations at Angle of Attack
4.5
Wing-Body-Tail Lift
4.5.1
4.5.I.l
4.5. 1.2
4.5.1.3
4.5.2
4.5.2.1
4.5.2.2
4.5.3
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.2
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
Wing-Body-Tail Lift-Curve Slope

Wing-Body-Tail Lift in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing-Body-Tail Maximum Lift
Wing-Body-Tail Pitching Moment
Wing-Body-Tail Pitching-Moment-Cu!Ve Slope
*Wing-Body-Tail Pitching Moment in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing-Body-Tail Drag
Wing-Body-Tail Zero-Lift Drag
Wing-Body-Tail Drag at Angle of Attack
Power Effects at Angle of Attack
Power Effects on Lift Variation with Angle of Attack
Power Effects on Maximum Lift
Power Effects on Pitching-Moment Variation with Angle of Attack
vi
Power Effects on Drag at Angle of Attack
4.6.4
Ground Effects at Angle of Attack
4.7
Ground Effects on Lift Variation with Angle of Attack
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
*Ground Effects on Maximum Lift
Ground Effects on Pitching-Moment Variation with Angle of Attack

Ground Effects on Drag at Angle of Attack
Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings and Wing-Body Combinations at Angle of Attack
4.8
Wing, Wing-Body Normal Force
4.8.1
4.8.!.!
4.8.!.2
4.8.2
4.8.2.1
4.8.2.2
4.8.3
4.8.3.1
4.8.3.2
Wing, Wing-Body Zero-Normal-Force Angle of Attack

Wing, Wing-Body Normal-Force Variation with Angle of Attack
Wing, Wing-Body Axial Force
Wing, Wing-Body Zero-Normal-Force Axial Force
Wing, Wing-Body Axial-Force Variation with Angle of Attack
Wing, Wing-Body Pitching Moment
Wing, Wing-Body Zero-Normal-Force Pitching Moment
Wing, Wing-Body Pitching-Moment Variation with Angle of Attack
CHARACTERISTICS IN SIDESLIP
Section 5
5.l
5.!.1
5.l.l.l
5.!.!.2
5.!.2
5.!.2.1
5.!.2.2
5.!.3
5.!.3.1
5.!.3.2
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.!.!
5.2.!.2
5.2.2
Wings in Sideslip
Wing Sideslip Derivative Cy ~
Wing Sideslip Derivative Cy ~in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
*Wing Side-Force Coefficient Cy at Angle of Attack
Wing Sideslip Derivative Ct~
Wing Sideslip Derivative Ct~ in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing Rolling-Moment Coefficient Ct at Angle of Attack
Wing Sideslip Derivative Cn(j

Wing Sideslip Derivative C 0 ~ in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
*Wing Yawing-Moment Coefficient C0 at Angle of Attack
Wing-Body Combinations in Sideslip
Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Cy~
Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Cy ~in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing-Body Side-Force Coefficient Cy at Angle of Attack
Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative
5.2.2.1
5.2.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.3.1
5.2.3.2
5.3
Ct~
Wing-Body Sideslip Qerivative Ct in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
*Wing-Body Rolling-Moment Coefficient Ct at Angle of Attack

Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative C00
Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative C00 in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
Wing-Body Yawing-Moment Coefficient C0 at Angle of Attack
Tail-Body Combinations in Sideslip
5.3.1
5.3.!.1
5.3.!.2
5.3.2
5.3.2.1
5.3.2.2
5.3.3
5.3.3.1
5.3.3.2
Tail-Body Sideslip Derivative Cy

0
Tail-Body Sideslip Derivative Cy in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
0
Tail-Body Side-Force Coefficient Cy at Angle of Attack
Tail-Body Sideslip Derivative Cto
Tail-Body Sideslip Derivative Ct in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
0
*Tail-Body Rolling-Moment Coefficient Ct at Angle of Attack
Tail-Body Sideslip DcrivativeC 00
Tail-Body Sideslip Derivative C 0 ~ in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
Tail-Body Yawing-Moment Coefficient C0 at Angle of Attack
vii
5.4
Flow Fields in Sideslip
5.4.1
Wing-Body Wake and Sidewash in Sideslip
5.5.1
Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Ky .6
5.5
Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings and Wing-Body Combinations in Sideslip
5.5.1.1
5.5.1.2
5.5.2
5.5.2.1
5.5.2.2
5.5.3
5.5.3.1
5.5.3.2
5.6
5.6.1
5.6.1.1
5.6.1.2
5.6.2
5.6.2.1
5.6.2.2
5.6.3
5.6.3.1
5.6.3.2
Section 6
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.1.1
6.1.1.2
6.1.1.3
6.1.2
6.1.2.1
6.1.2.2
6.1.2.3
6.1.3
6.1.3.1
6.1.3.2
6.1.3.3
6.1.3.4
6.1.4
6.1.4.1
6.1.4.2
6.1.4.3
6.1.5
6.1.5.1
6.1.5.2
6.1.6
Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Kv at Zero Normal Force

11
Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative
Kv.a
Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative
K[ 13
Variation with Angle of Attack
Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Ki.a Near Zero Normal Force

Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Kj Variation with Angle of Attack
13
Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative K~.B
Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative K~{J at Zero Normal Force
Wing, WingBody Sideslip Derivative K~~ Variation with Angle of Attack
Wing-Body-Tail Combinations in Sideslip
Wing-Body-Tail Sideslip Derivative Cy
13
WingBodyTail Sideslip Derivative Cy in the Linear AngleofAttack Range
13
Wing Body-Tail Side-Force Coefficient Cy at Angle of Attack
Wing-Body.Tail Sideslip Derivative Ct
13
Wing-Body-Tail Sideslip Derivative C1~ in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range
*Wing.Body-Tail Rolling-Moment Coefficient C1 at Angle of Attack
WingBody-Tail Sideslip Derivative Cn
13
Wir.gBody-Tail Sideslip Derivative C 0 ~ in the Linear Angle-ofAttack Range
Wing-Body.Tail Yawing-Moment Coefficient C0 at Angle of Attack
CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-LIFT AND CONTROL DEVICES
Symmetrically Deflected Flaps and Control Devices on Wing-Body and Tail-Body
Combinations
Section Lift with High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Lift Effectiveness of High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Lift.Curve Slope with High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Maximum Lift with High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Pitching Moment with High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Pitching-Moment Increment .6.cm Due to High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Derivative Cma with High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Pitching Moment Due to High-Lift and Control Devices Near Maximum Lift
Section Hinge Moment of High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Hinge-Moment Derivative Cha of High-Lift and Control Devices
Section Hinge-Moment Derivative ch of High-Lift and Control Devices
6
Section Hinge-Moment Derivative (chf)6 t of Control Surface Due to Control Tabs
Section Hinge-Moment Derivative (cht)lif of Control Tab Due to Control Surface
Wing Lift with High-Lift and Control Devices
Control Derivative CL6 of High-Lift and Control Devices
Wing Lift.Curve Slope with High-Lift and Control Devices
Wing Maximum Lift with HighLift and Control Devices
Wing Pitching Moment with HighLift and Control Devices
Pitching-Moment Increment ~Cm Due to HighLift and Control Devices
Wing Derivative Cma with High-Lift and Control Devices
Hinge Moments of High-Lift and Control Devices
viii
6.1.6.1
6.1.6.2
6.1.7
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.1.1
6.2.1.2
6.2.2
6.2.2.1
6.2.3
6.2.3.1
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
HingeMoment Derivative Ch of High Lift and Control Devices

Hinge-Moment Derivative Cho of High-Lift and Control Devices
Drag ofHighLift and Control Devices
Asymmetrically Deflected Controls on WingBody and TailBody Combinations
Rolling Moment Due to Asymmetric Deflection of Control Devices
Rolling Moment Due to Control Deflection
Rolling Moment Due to a Differentially Deflected Horizontal Stabilizer
Yawing Moment Due to Asymmetric Deflection of Control Devices
Yawing Moment Due to Control Deflection
Side Force Due to Asymmetric Deflection of Control Devices
*Side Force Due to Control Deflection
Special Control Methods
Aerodynamic Control Effectiveness at Hypersonic Speeds
Transverse-Jet Control Effectiveness
*Inertial Controls
Aerodynamically Boosted ControlSurface Tabs
DYNAMIC DERIVATIVES
Section 7
7.1.1.2
Wing Dynamic Derivatives

Wing Pitching Derivatives
Wing Pitching Derivative CLq
Wing Pitching Derivative Cmq
7.1.1.3
Wing Pitching Derivative Coq
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.2.1
7.1.2.2
7.1.2.3
7.1.3
7.1.3.1
7.1.3.2
7.1.3.3
7.1.4
7.1.4.1
7.1.4.2
Wing Yawing Derivative Cyr

Wing Yawing Derivative C1r
Wing Yawing Derivative Cnr
Wing Acc~leration Derivatives
Wing Acceleration Derivative CLO:
Wing Acceleration Derivative Cma
7.1.4.3
Wing Derivative Co a
7.2.1.1
Body Dynamic Derivatives

Body Pitching Derivatives
Body Pitching Derivative CLq
Body Pitching Derivative Cmq
Body Acceleration Derivatives
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.1.2
7.2.2
7.2.2.1
7.2.2.2
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.1.1
7.3.1.2
7.3.2
Wing Rolling Derivatives

Wing Rolling Derivative Cyp
Wing Rolling Derivative C1p
Wing Rolling Derivative Cnp
Wing Yawing Derivatives
Body Acceleration Derivative CL&

Body Acceleration Derivative Cma
Wing-Body Dynamic Derivatives
Wing-Body Pitching Derivatives
Wing-Body Pitching Derivative CLq
WingBody Pitching Derivative Cmq
WingBody Rolling Derivatives
ix
7.3.2.1
7.3.2.2
7.3.2.3
Wing-Body Rolling Derivative Cyp

Wing-Body Rolling Derivative Ctp
7.3.3.1
7.3.3.2
7.3.3.3
7.4.4.1
7.4.4.2
Wing-Body Yawing Derivative Cy r

Wing-Body Yawing Derivative C1r
Wing-Body Yawing Derivative Cnr
Wing-Body Acceleration Derivatives
Wing-Body Acceleration Derivative CL&:
Wing-Body Acceleration Derivative Cmc,
Wing-Body-Tail Dynamic Derivatives
Wing-Body-Tail Pitching Derivatives
Wing-Body-Tail Pitching Derivative CLq
Wing-Body-Tail Pitching Derivative Cmq
Wing-Body-Tail Pitching Derivative Coq
Wing-Body-Tail Rolling Derivatives
Wing-Body-Tail Rolling Derivative Cyp
Wing-Body-Tail Rolling Derivative C/p
Wing-Body-Tail Rolling Derivative Cnp
Wing-Body-Tail Yawing Derivatives
Wing-Body-Tail Yawing Derivative Cyr
Wing-Body-Tail Yawing Derivative Ctr
Wing-Body-Tail Yawing Derivative Cnr
Wing-Body-Tail Acceleration Derivatives
Wing-Body-Tail Acceleration Derivative CLa
Wing-Body-Tail Acceleration Derivative Cma
7.4.4.3
Wing-Body-Tail Derivative Coa
7.4.4.4
Wing-Body-Tail Derivative Cy p
7.4.4.5
Wing-Body-Tail Derivative Ctp
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.3.4.1
7.3.4.2
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.1.1
7.4.1.2
7.4.1.3
7.4.2
7.4.2.1
7.4.2.2
7.4.2.3
7.4.3
7.4.3.1
7.4.3.2
7.4.3.3
7.4.4
7.4.4.6
7.5
Section 8
8.1
8.2
Section 9
9.1
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
Wing-Body Rolling Derivative Cnp

Wing-Body Yawing Derivatives
Wing-Body-Tail Derivative CniJ
*Control-Surface Angular-Velocity Derivatives

MASS AND INERTIA
Aircraft Mass and Inertia
Missile Mass and Inertia
CHARACTERISTICS OF VTOL-STOL AIRCRAFT
Free Propeller Characteristics
Propeller Thrust Variation with Angle of Attack
Propeller Pitching-Moment Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
Propeller Normal-Force Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
Propeller-Wing Characteristics
Propeller-Wing-Flap Lift Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
*Propeller-Wing-Flap Pitching-Moment Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
Propeller-Wing-Flap Drag Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
Ducted-Propeller Characteristics
Dueled-Propeller Lift Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
Ducted-Propeller Pitching-Moment Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
Ducted-Propeller Drag Variation with Power and Angle of Attack
Revised January 1975
SECTION l
GUIDE TO DATCOM
Fundamentally, the purpose of the Datcom (Data Compendium) is to provide a systematic
summary of methods for. estimating basic stability and control derivatives. The Datcom is organized
in such a way that it is self-sufficient. For any given flight condition and configuration the complete
set of derivatives can be determined without resort to outside information. The book is intended to
be used for preliminary design purposes before the acquisition of test data. The use of reliable test
data in lieu of the Datcom is always recommended. However, there are many cases where the
Datcom can be used to advantage in conjunction with test data. For instance, if the lift-curve slope
of a wing-body combination is desired, the Datcom recommends that the lift-curve slopes of the
isolated wing and body, respectively, be estimated by methods presented and that appropriate
wing-body interference factors (also presented) be applied. If wing-alone test data are available, it is
obvious that these test data should be substituted in place of the estimated wing-alone
characteristics in determining the lifhcurve slope of the combination. Also, if test data are available
on a configuration similar to a given configuration, the characteristics of the similar configuration
can be corrected to those for the given configuration by judiciously using the Datcom material.
The various sections of the Datcom have been numbered with a decimal system, which provides the
maximum degree of flexibility. A "section" as referred to in the Datcom contains information on a
single specific item, e.g., wing lift-curve slope. Sections can, in general, be deleted, added, or revised
with a minimum disturbance to the remainder of the volume. The numbering system used
throughout the Datcom follows the scheme outlined below:
Section:
An orderly decimal system is used, consisting of numbers having no more than

four digits (see Table of Contents). All sections are listed in the Table of Contents
although some consist merely of titles. All sections begin at the top of a
right-hand page.
Page:
The page number consists of the section number followed by a dash number.
Example: Page 4. 1.3.2-4 is the 4th page of Section 4. 1.3.2.
Figures:
Figure numbers tre the -same as the page number. This is a convenient system for
referencing purposes. For pages with more than one figure, a lower case letter
follows the figure number. Example: Figure 4. 1.3.2-50b is the second figure on
Page 4. 1.3.2-50. Where a related series of figures appears on more than one page,
the figure number is the same as the first page on which the series begins.
Example: Figure 4. 1.3.2-56d may be found on Page 4. 1.3.2-57 and is the 4th in a
series of charts. Figures are frequently referred to as "charts" in the text.
Tables:
Table numbers consist of the section number followed by an upper case dashed
letter. Example: Table 4. 1.3.2-A is the first table to appear in Section 4. 1.3.2.
Equations: Equation numbers consist of the section number followed by a lower case dashed
letter. Example: 4.1.3.2-b is the second equation (of importance) appearing in
Section 4.1.3.2. Repeated equations are numbered the same as for the first
appearance of the equation but are called out as follows: (Equation 4.1.3.2-b).
1-1
The major classification of sections in the Datcom is according to type of stability and control
.1arameter. This classification is summarized below:
Section I.
Guide to Datcom and Methods Summary (present discussion including the

Methods Summary)
Section 2.
General information
Section 3.
Reserved for future use
Section 4.
Characteristics at angle of attack
Section 5.
Characteristics in sideslip
Section 6.
Characteristics of high-lift and control devices
Section 7.
Dynamic derivatives
Section 8.
Mass and inertia
Section 9.
Characteristics of VTOL-STOL aircraft
The information in Section 2 consists of a complete listing of notation and definitions used in the
Datcom, including the sections in which each symbol is used. It should be noted that definitions are
also frequently given in each section where they appear. Insofar as possible, NASA notation has
been used. Thus the notation from original source material has frequently been modified for
purposes of consistency. Also included in Section 2 is general information used repeatedly by the
engineer, such as geometric parameters, airfoil notation, wetted-area charts, etc.
Sections 4 and 5 are for configurations with flaps and control surfaces neutral. Flap and control
characteristics are given in Section 6 for both symmetric and asymmetric deflections. Section 4
includes effects of engine power and ground plane on the angle-of-attack parameters.
The Datcom presents less information on the dynamic derivatives (Section 7) than on the static
derivatives, primarily because of the relative scarcity of data, but partly because of the complexities
of the theories. Furthermore, the dynamic derivatives are frequently less important than the static
derivatives and need not be determined to as great a degree of accuracy. However, the Datcom does
present test data, from over a hundred sources, for a great variety of configurations (Table 7-A).
If more than preliminary-design information on mass and inertia (Section 8) is needed, a
weights-and-balance engineer should be consulted.
Section 9 is a unified section covering aerodynamic characteristics of VTOL-STOL aircraft, with the
exception of ground-effect machines and helicopters. The Datcom presents less information in this
area than that presented for conventional configurations because of the scarcity of data, the
complexities of the theories, and the large number of variables involved. In most cases the Datcom
methods of this section are based on theory and/or experimental data such that their use is
1-2
restricted to first approximations of the aerodynamic characteristics of individual components or

simple component combinations. However, the Datcom does present a literature summary from
over six hundred sources for a great variety of VTOL-STOL configurations (Table 9-A).
It should be noted that the characteristics predicted by this volume are for rigid airframes only. The
effects of aeroelasticity and aerothermoelasticity are considered outside the scope of the Datcom.
The basic approach taken to the estimation of the drag parameters in Section 4 has been found to
be satisfactory for preliminary-design stability studies. No attempt is made to provide drag
estimation methods suitable for performance estimates.
Each of the m'lior divisions discussed above, notably Sections 4, 5, 6, and 7, is subdivided according
to vehicle components. That is, the information is presented as wing, body, wing-body, wing-wing,
and wing-body-tail sections. The latter three categories generally utilize component information as
presented in the first two categories and add the appropriate aerodynamic interference terms. In
some cases, however, estimation methods for combined components as a unit are presented. Each
section of the Datcom is organized in a specific manner such that the engineer, once familiar with
the system, can easily orient himself in a given section. A typical section is diagramed below:
Section Number and Title
General Introductory Material
A.
Subsonic Paragraph
Introductory Material
Specific Methods
Sample Problems
B.
Transonic Paragraph
Specific Methods
Sample Problems
C.
Supersonic Paragraph
Specific Methods
Sample Problems
D.
Hypersonic Paragraph
Specific Methods
Sample Problems
References
Tables
Working Charts
1-3
fn general, eactl section is organii;ed accotding to speed regimes. However, Sections 6.3.1 and 6.3.2
are restricted to the hypersonic speed regime and Section 9 to the low-speed transition-flight
;egime. In a few sections, where applicable, material is included for the rarefied-gas regime as
paragraph E. The material for each speed regime is further subdivided into an introductory
discussion of the fundamentals of the problem at hand, a detailed outline of specific methods, and
sample problems illustrating the use of the methods presented. In the selection of specific methods,
an attempt has been made to survey all known existing generalized methods. All methods that give
reasonably accurate results and yet do not require undue labor or automatic computing
equipment have been included (at least this is the ultimate goal). Where feasible, the configurations
chosen for the sample problems are actual test configurations, and thus some substantiation of the
methods is afforded by comparison with the test results.
To facilitate the engineer's orientation to those Datcom sections that use a build-up of wing,
wing-body, and wing-body-tail components, a Methods Summary has been included at the end of
this section. In addition, the methods of Sections 6. I and 6.2 are also included in the Methods
Summary. The contents of the Methods Summary present the following: (I) the wing, wing-body,
and wing-body-tail equations available in each speed regime, (2) the sections where the equation
components are obtained, (3) the limitations associated with the equations and their respective
components (limitations from design charts are not included), and (4) identification of the
parameters that are based on exposed planform geometry that are not specified by the subscript e.
Sometimes the same limitations, such as "linear-lift range," may occur for more than one
component in an equation. To avoid repetition, the same limitation is not repeated for each
component. The list of limitations should not be construed as effectively replacing the discussion
preceding each Datcom method. It remains essential to read the discussion accompanying each
derivative to ensure an effective application of each method.
Proper use of the Methods Summary will enable the engineer to organize and plan his approach to
minimize the interruptions and the time needed to locate and calculate the independent parameters
used in the equation under consideration.
The Datcom methods provide derivatives m a stability-axis system unless otherwise noted.
Transformations of stability derivatives from one axis system to another are developed in many
standard mathematics and engineering texts. In FDL-TDR-64-70, several coordinate systems are
defined and illustrated, and coordinate transformation relations are given.
All material presented in the Datcom has been referenced; plagiarizing has been specifically avoided.
In general, material that has not been referenced has been contributed by the authors.
In many of the sections, substantiation tables are presented that show a comparison of test results
with results calculated by the methods recommended. Geometric and test variables are also
tabulated for convenience in comparing these results. Wherever possible, the limits of applicability
for a given method have been determined and are stated in the text.
The working charts are presented on open grid, which in general constitute an inconvenience to the
user. However, with a few exceptions, the grids used are of two sizes only: centimeter and half-inch
grid sizes. This enables the engineer to use transparent grid paper to read the charts accurately.
Another set of documents similar in intent to the Datcom is the "Royal Aeronautical Society Data
1-4
Sheets," available from the Royal Aeronautical Society of Great Britain. These documents are
particularly useful from the standpoint lhat foreign source material is strongly represented in them;
whereas the Datcom emphasizes American information.
As stated in the introduction, the work on the Datcom will be expanded and revised over the years
to maintain an up-t<>-date and useful document. In order to help achieve this goal, comments
concerning this work are invited and should be directed to the USAF Procuring Agency so that the
effort may be properly oriented.
METHODS SUMMARY OUTLINE
DERIVATIVE
PAGES
DERIVATIVE
1-7 through 1-11
149 throuch 1-SO
111 through 1-15

).)5 through 1-18
PAGES
150
t.c2
max
1-50
J.i9 through 1-23
c"ll
1-23 through 1-27
1-51
127 through 1-31
1-S 1
1-31 through 1-34
152
1-34 through 1-38
1-53
1-38 through 1-40
1-53
1-40 through 1-41
1-54 through 1-55
1-41 through 1-43
1-55
1-43 through 1-45
1-56
f-45
t-56 through 1-57
c,r
1-45 through 1-47
1-57 through 1-58
c.r
1-47
1-58
1-5
DERIVATIVE
CD
c,
'
en
en
1-6
PAGES
1-59
1-59 through 1-61
1-61 through 1-62
'
1-62
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC
METHOD LIMITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
EQUATIONS FOR DERIVATIVE ESTIMATION

(Datcom section for components indicated)
21r
-- =
Fig. 4. I .3.249
Method I
I.
'
Eq. 4.1.3.2-b
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.2
Method 2
I.
SUPERSONIC
Faired curve between
3.
0.;;' .;; 0.3

63 .;; A LE .;; 80
0.10 <;;tic<;; 0.30
M = 0.~
(CLa )subsomc. and (CNa )superso01c.
I.
Figures 4.1.3.2-56a through -60
---
Constant-section, dell" or dipped-dell"

configura lions (",.E = 0)
0.58 <;;A<;; 2.55
4.
5.
6.
TRANSONIC
No curved plan forms

M <;; 0.8, tic<;; 0.1. if cr"nked pl"nforms wtth
roundLE
Symmetric airfoils of conventional thid\llt's:-.

distribution
A~ 3 if composite wings
(){ = 0
I.
2.
3.
Straighl-lapered wings
M;;. 1.4
Linear-lift range
I.
3.
4.
'
Double"elta and ~:ranked wings

Breaks in LE and TE at same spanwise station
1.2 <;; M <;; 3. 0
Linear-lift ran~e
I.
2.
3.
Curved planforms
1.0 <;; M <;; 3. 0
Linear-lifl range
1.
2.
3.
4.
Straighl-lapered wings
Conventional wings of zero thickness
Two-dimensional slender-airfoil theory
(){ = 0
I.
2.
3.
4.
Straight-tapered planforms
Wedge airfoils
(){ = 0
---+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Eq. 4.1.3.2-h
_4_.1_.3.2
4.1.3._2- - 4_._1._3._2
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.2
Eq. 4.1.3.2-
HYPERSONIC
Figures 4.1.3.2-56a through -60
v ta~2
1-- - - - - -
(CN.), =0 -;
Fig. 4.1.3.2-65
LE
1--~-
p2
WB
SUBSONIC
(a)
(CL )WB
a
-------
-- -- -A
= [ KN + KW(B) +
KB(W)
-------------4.3.1.2
Fig. 4.3.1.2-a
---l
-------
Method I (body diameter)/( wing semisp"n) <;; 0.~

(see Sketch (d), 4.3.1.2)
(a) Zero wing incidence; wing-body angle of attack
varied
KN (based on exposed wing geometry)
I.
2.
3.
Bodies of revolution
Slender-body theory
Linear-lift range
(CL.),
4.
5.

M <;; 0.8, t/c,;;; 0.1, if cranked wings with
round LE
I-7
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
CL
WB
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME

s.
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)
- - - -- -- - - -- -(cLJws = K<WBJ (cLJw

4.3.1.2 4.1.3.2

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(b)
Eq. 4.3.I.2-b
Body angle of attack fixed at zero; wing incidence

varied (same limitations as (a) above)
---------Eq. 4.3.1.2-c
(CLa)w
I.
2.
TRANSONIC
(Same as subsonic equations)
-----
Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) is large with delta

wing extending entire length of body
(see Sketch (c), 4.3.1.2)
No curved planforms
M .; 0.8, t/c .; 0.1, if cranked wings with
round LE
Method I (body diameter)/(wing span) is small

I.
2.
Slender-body theory
3.
Linear-lift range
KB(WJ and kw(B) (based on exposed wing geometry)
(CLa)e
4.
5.
6.
Symmetric airfoils of conventional thickness

distribution
A .; 3 if composite wings
" = 0
--------- ------ -Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) is large with delta

wing extending the entire length of the body
(CLa)w
I.
2.
3.
SUPERSONIC

distribution
A .; 3 if composite wings
" = 0

I.
Slender-body theory
Linear-lift range
kB(W) and kw(B) (based on exposed wing geometry)
2.
3.
(CNa)e
4.
5.
6.
7.
1-8
Breaks in LE and TE at same sranwise station

M ;;. 1.4 for straight-tapered wings
1.2 .; M .; 3 for composite wings
1.0.;; M .;; 3 for curved plan forms
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CL
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WB
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)

EQUATION COMPONENTS

Method 2 (body diameter)/( wing span) is large with delta

(CNa)w
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
WBT
SUBSONIC
CL
S'
( cl.); [KN
+ KW(B) + KB(W)l'
- ' + (cl.);'
S'
4.1.3.2
4T3.2
4.3.1.2
[KW(B)
+ KB(W) ]"
4.3.1.2
(I-~)
4.4.1
q"
q=
S"
S"
-S' -S"'
Method
bw /bH ;;, 1.5
2.
(Body diameter)/(wing semispan) <; O.R

a "' a:~tall if high aspect ratio and unswept wings
3.
a:<<
I.
4.4.1
Eq. 4.5.1.1-a
Breaks in LE and TE <:~t same spanwise station

M;;, 1.4 for straight-tapered wings
1.2 ~ M ~ 3 for composite wings
1.0 .;;; M .;;; 3 for curved planforms
Linear-lift range
a:stail if low aspect ratio or swept wings
(cL.); and (CL.);'

No curved planforms
M .;;; 0.8, t/c .;;; 0.1, if cranked plan forms with
round LE
6. Bodies of revolution
Slender-body theory
7.
8. Linear-lift range
4.
5.
of
00:
(depends upon method)
9.
10.
Straight-tapered wing
Other limitations depend upon

method
of
aa:
prediction
q"
q=
II.
Valid only on the plane of -;yrnmctry
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ---- - -r - - - -< - - - - - - - - - =
- -' +
+
+
-f +
+
a.
S'
CL
(CL.); [KN
4.TTI
Kwta)
4.3:1.2
Katw)]'
(cL.);' [KW(B)
4.T:TI'
KB(W)]"
4.3.1.2
q"
S"
S"
q=
S'
S"
4.4.T
Method 2 bw /b"
(cLJw "t>J
4.5.1.1
1.5
(same limitations as Method I above omitting those
of
loa)
KN and (cL)
(based on exposed wing geometry)
a W"(v)
Eq. 4.5.1.1-b
1-9
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CL
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
WBT
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
TRANSONIC
METHOD LIMIT AllONS ASSOCIATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS

j Oatcom section for components indicated)
Method I bw /bH ;;. 1.5
(eL.);
and
(eL.);'
1.

distribution
2.
A ~ 3 if composite planforms
3.
C< = 0
KB(Wl (based on exposed wing geometry)
4.
5.
6.
-
a"'
Slender-body theory
Linear-lift range
(depends upon method)

7.
8.
Straight-tapered wings
Proportional to
eL
q"
q~
9.
I 0.
Conventional trapezoidal planforrns

Valid only on the plane of symmetry
r-------- ---Method 2 bw /bH
<
1.5
(same limitations as Method l above omitting those of
a< I oC<)
KN, KB(W) and (CLa)W"(v) (tJ.sed on exposed wing
geometry)
SUPERSONIC
Method I bw /l>H ;;. 1.5
(eN.); and (eN.);'

I.
2.
M;;. 1.4 for straight-tapered planforms
3.
1.2.;; M.;; 3 for composite planforms
4.
1.0 .;; M .;; 3 for curved planforms
5.
Linear-lift range
6.
7.
Slender-body theory
KB(W) (based on exposed wing geometry)
0<
aa
8.
9.
1-10
0<
. . .
0 t her Innitatlons depend upon- prediction
method
OC<
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CL
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)

EQUATION COMPONENTS

q"
q~
10.
11.
If nonviscous flow field, limited to unswept wings

If viscous flow field, valid only on the plane of
symmetry
Method 2 bw /bH
<
1.5
(same limitations as Method l above omitting those of

ae/aa)
KN , KB (W), and (CL )
(based on exposed wing
o: W"(v)
geometry)
I.
Eq. 4.1.4.2-d
4.1.4.2
2.
4.1.3.2
CL
TRANSONIC
(Same as subsonic equation)

CL
SUPERSONIC
HYPERSONIC
eN
eN
M .;; 0.6; however, for swept wings with

t/c .;; 0.04, application to higher Mach numbers
is acceptable
Linear-lift range
3.
4.
No curved planforms
M .;; 0.8, t/c .;; 0.1, if cranked plan forms with
round LE
I.
2.
3.
Symmetric airfoil sections
Linear-lift range
4.
Conventional thickness distribution

=0
5.
IY.
I.
Linear-lift range
2.
3.
4.
5.

M ;;. 1.4 for straight-tapered wings
1.2 .;; M .;; 3 for composite wings
1.0.;; M .;; 3 for curved planforms
I.
IY.
2.
3.
Conventional wings of zero thickness and wedge
airfoils
4.
1-11
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
em a
WB
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)

em a
= (n-
~)
~c
c,
4.3.2.2
METHOD LIMITATIONS ASSOCIATE() WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
xa.c.
CL
-a
--
Eq. 4.1.4.2-d
(calculations based on exposed wing geometry)
c,
I.
4.3.1.2
2.
3.
CL
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
TRANSONIC
(Body diameter)/(wing span) .;; 0.8

No curved planforms
Slender-body th~oiy
M .;; 0.8, t/c .;; 0.1, if swept wing with round LE
Xa.c.
- - (c"lculations based on exposed wing geometry)

c,
I.
2.
4.
Single wing with body (i.e., no cruciform or
other multipanel arrangements)
distribution
Linear-lift range
5.
6.
7.
Slender-body theory
= 0
3.
CL
SUPERSONIC

M .;; 0.6; however, if swept wing with t/c .;; 0.04,
application to higher M"h numbers is acceptable
Linear-lift range
"'
a.c.
--(calculations based on exposed wing geometry)

c,
2.

Linear-lift range
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Slender-body theory
M > 1.4 for straight-tapered wings
1.2 .;; M < 3 for composite wings
1.0.;; M .;; 3 for curved plan forms
I.
eN a
'
I
1-12
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CONFIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)

(Oat com section for components indicated)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
xc.g. ~ x' [
-

KN
(Body diameter)/( wing semispan).;; 0.8

Linear-lift range
I.
4.5.2.1
2.
ae
- aa
II
--)
qoo
S" S" _,
e
c
?5'
C'
(calculations based on exposed planform geometry)
c'
Eq. 4.5.2.1-d'
3.
Single wing with body (i.e., no cruciform or other

multipanel arrangements)
4.
M .;; 0.6; however, for swept wings with t/c.;; 0.04,
application to higher Mach n"umbers is acceptable
4.4.1 4.4.1
*Drag and z terms have been omitted, and small-angle assumptions made with respect
to angle of attack; equation as given is valid for most configurations
5.
6.
Slender-body theory
(CL )' and (cL )"

a e
o: e
7.
8.
No curved planforms
M .;; 0.8, t/c.;; 0.1 if cranked planforms with
round LE
9.
Straighttapered wing
a.
10.
Other limitations depend upon- prediction

method
aa
II.
q"
q~
Method 2
bw /bH <
1.5
(same limitations as Method I above, omitting those for
ae;aa)
x
::.
4.5.2.1
TRANSONIC
4.3.1. 2
4.1.3.2
~: :~ + ( cL.}w..(,J
4.4.1
'c
- x'
--=;,;--
Eq. 4.5.2.1-(
(calculations "\.uased on exposed planform geometry)
KN and (cL )
o: W"(v)
4.5.1.1
- x'
'c'

I.
2.
3.
4.
Single wing with body (i.e .. no cruciform or other

distribution
Linear-lift range
__j
L________L______~--------~------------------------------------------------------~------------~-----------------I-13
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
(Contd.)
TRANSONIC
(Contd.)

( Datcom section for components indicated)
METHOD LI~IITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
5.
6.
Slender-body theory
(cLJ: and (cLJ~

7.
"
8.
Proportional to CL
ae
aa
"
q"
q~
9.
10.
Conventional trapezoidal planforms

- - - - -- -- -- --- -- -- -- - - -Method 2 bw /bH < I. 5

(same limitations as Method l above, omitting that for
ae;aa)
x
- x'
'~-
c'
KN, KB(W)' and
SUPERSONIC
(CL )
cr W"(v)

X
x'
e.g.
c'
I.
Single wing with body (i.e., no cruciform or other

2.
Linear-lift range
(based on exposed \Ving geometry)
3.
4.
Slender-body theory
KB!Wl (based on exposed wing geometry)
(CN")~
(CN"): and
5.
Breaks in LE and TE at same span wise station
6.
M ;;. 1.4 for straight-tapered planforms
7.
8.
1.2 :s.;;; M :s.;;; 3 for composite planforms

1.0 :s.;;; M :s.;;; 3 for curved planforms
9.
. . .
ae
0 t her l ImitatiOns depend upon -prediction
method
aa
aa
10.
1-14
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME

EQUATION COMPONENTS

(Datrom section for components indicated)
~------~------~------~--------------------------------------------------~~~------------------------q"
em
(Contd.)
WBT
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)
'
--
'
q~
II.
12.
If nonviscous flow field, limitctl to unswl!pt .,... ing~

If viscous flow field, valid only on planl' ,~t
symmetry
Method 2 bw /bH
<
1.5
(same limitations as Method I. omitting those of Of ;Oul

X
e.g.
-'-"'---(calculation hased on exposOO planfor:n

c'
KN, KB(W)' and
geometry)
(C 1cJw '(vl (based on exposed wi11g
~-------+-------4--------~----------------------------------------------------------~~--~~---------------------
SUBSONIC
=(_!_+2~)
2
c
cLQ
---
Eq. 7.1.1.1-a
c
I.
4.1.4.2 4.1.3.2
2.
TRANSONIC
7.1.1.1
(~)
-4.1.4.2 4.1.3.2
M < 0.0; however, for swept wings with

t/c < 0.04,application to higher Mach numher-;
is acceptable
Linear-lift range
3.
4.
No curved p\anform~
M ~ 0.8, t/c.;;;:; 0.1, tf cranked wings with
round LE
I.
2.
Straigllt-tapcrcd \.\- ing:s

No camber
3.
4.
" =
I.
x
c
CL
+ 2
-------
SUPERSONIC
l~~IJil1~ !rV)
Conventional tnickness distribution
Eq. 7.1.1.1-c
Subsonic LF (13 cot
ALE
<
II
2.
3.
Mach lines from TE vertex may not inta""-d LE

WJng-tip Mach lint'S nHJy not intersect on wi11~s
nor intersect opposit~ wing tips
(b) Supersonic LE (iJ cot Au > I)
4.
5.
Valid only if Mach line:-. !'rom LE vert~'\

intersect TE
Foremost Mach line from t'ither wing tip
not interst'ct remote half of wing
m;~y
6.
Linear-lift range
~----~------~-------L-------------------------------------------------~------------~------------~~
I- I 5
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
cl
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
w
(Contd.)
WB
SPEED
REGIME

(0atcom section for components indicated I

EQUATION COMPONENTS
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)
7.
SUBSONIC
Eq. 7.3.1.1-a
4.3.1.2
7.iT.i
7.2.1.1
M ;:;, 1.4

(see 4.3.1.2 Sketch (d))
(Clq),
I.
2.
3.
4.
No curved planfotms
Linear-lift range
M ~ 0.6; however, for swept wings with
t/c ~ 0.04, application to higher Mach numbers
is acceptable
M ~ 0.8, t/c ~ 0.1, if cranked wing with
round LE
- - -- -- -- -- -
TRANSONIC
(Clq)B
5.
- - - - - - -f- - - -- -- -- -- --Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) IS large, with delta
Eq. 7.3.1.1-b
(see 4.3.1.2 Sketch (c))
(same limitations as Method I above)

(CL.),
I.
2.
3.
4.
(Clq)B
5.
No camber
Conventional thick1
Distribution
"
r------------Method 2 (body diameter)/( wing span) is large,

with delta wing extending entire length of body
SUPERSONIC
Method 1 (body diameter)/(wing span) is small

(Clq),
I.
2.
3.
1-16
M;:;, 1.4
Linear-lift range
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CL
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WB
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)


EQUATION COMPONENTS
(a)
Subsonic LE (JJ cot ALE
<
I)
4.
Mach lines from TE vertex may not
5.
Wing tip Mach lines may not intersect
intersect LE
(b)
on wing nor intersect opposite w1ng tips

Supersonic LE (iJ cot ALE > I)
6.
7.
Va!id only if Mach lines from LE vertex

intersect TE
Foremost Mach line from either wing tip
may not intersect remote half of wing
(CLq1
8.
1----------Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) is large,

Y.ith delta wing extending entire length of body
Method I bw/bH ;;. 1.5
WBT
SUBSONIC
Eq. 7.4.1.1-a
I.
(cLq )WB
2.
3.
4.
5.
Line~r-lift range
No curved planforms
M <:; 0.6; however, for swept wings with
t/c :s;;; 0.04, application to higher Mach numbers
is acceptable
M <:; 0.8, t/c <:; 0.1, if cranked wings with
round LE
q"
q~
6.
(Ct.):
7.
Additional tail limitations are identical to

Items 2 and 5 immediately above
Method 2 bw /bH
Eq. 7.4.1.1-b
TRANSONIC
< 1.5

CL )
and (CL )
( q WB
a W"(v)
(Ctq)wo (based on exposed wing geometry)

I.
2.
3.
4.
No camber
Conventional thh.:kness distribution
1-17
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATiVE
CL
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
WBT
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME

IDatcom section for components indicated)
METHOLJ LIMITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
5.
TRANSONIC
(Contd.)
0:
= 0
KB(WJ (based on exposed wing geometry)
q"
q~
6.
7.

( cLo)"'
8.
Additional tail limitations are identical to

Items 2, 3, and 5 immediately above
Method 2 bw /bH
<
1.5

CL )
, KB(W)' and (CL ) ..
(based on exposed
( q WB
o: W (v)
wing geometry)
SUPERSONIC
Method I bw /bH ;;> I .5

I.
(cLq )WB
Linear-lift range
2.
3.
4.
M;;>l.4
KBtw) (based on exposed wing geometry)
(a)
Subsonic LE (13 cot ALE
<
I)
5.
6.
(b)
Mach line from TE vertex may not intersect LE

Wing-tip Mach lines may not intersect on wing
nor intersect opposite wing tips
Supersonic LE (13 cot ALE > I)
7.
8.
Valid only if Mach lines from LE vertex

intersect TE
Foremost Mach line from either wing tip may not
intersect remote half of wing
q"
9.
10.

If viscous flow field, valid only on plane of
symmetry
II.
Additional tail limitations are identical to Items I

and 4 immediately above
Method 2 bw /bH
<
1.5

, KB(W)' and (CL ) ,.
( CL )
q WB
geometry)
1-18
a: W (v)
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME

EQUATION COMPONENTS

(Oat com section for components indicated)
-7.1.1.1 7.1.1.1
SUBSONIC
--0.7 c.,
cos
~"'
4. !.I
4.1.1.2
.\ t
A[~~+2(ff]+
. c/4
A 3 tan 2 1\o/4
+ '-,. ., cos
A c/4
1 ( A
24
tan
2
/\, 14
+ 6 cos Ac/ 4
~}
c
I.
Eq. 7.1.1.2-a
2.

is acceptable
Linear-lift range
Eq. 7.1.1.2-b
7.1.1.2
I.
Eq. 7.1.1.2-<:
2.

distribution
CY. = 0
(Cmq)M "1.2
(a)
3.
Subsonic LE (~ cot ALE < I)
4.
5.
(b)

Wing-tip Mach Jines may not intersect on wings nor
intersect opposite wing tips
Supersonic LE (~ cot ALE > I)
6.
Valid only if Mach lines from LE vertex intersect
TE
7.
SUPERSONIC
Subsonic LE
Eq. 7.1.1.2-d
cmq
7.1.1.2
--7.1.1.1

(~
cot ALE
<
I)
I.
7.1.1.1
(h)

2.
Wing-tip Mach lines may not intersect on wings nor
intersect opposite wing. tips
Supersonic LE (~cot ALE > I l
3.
TE
4.

5.
StraighHapered wings
A.
M ;;> 14
7.
Linear-lift range
1-19
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
em q
CONFIG.
WB
SPEED
REGIME

IDatcom section for components indicated I

EQUATION COMPONENTS
Eq. 7.3.1.2-a
SUBSONIC

(see 4.3.1.c Sketch (d))
I.
Linear-lift range
(cmq),
(Contd.)
2.

t/c ,; 0.04, application to higher Mach numbers
is acceptable
(Cmq)B
3.
t---------------------1--------------
-4.3.1.2 7.1.1.2
TRANSONIC
7.2.1.2
Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) is large with

delta wing extending entire length of body
Eq. 7 .3.1.2-b
(same limitations as Method 1 above)
Method I (body diameter)/( wing span) is small
l.
Linear-lift range
(em q) ,
(a)
2.
3.
distri-bution
4.
C<
= 0
Subsonic LE
W cot
ALE
<
I)
5.
(b)
Mach line from TE vertex may not intersect

LE
6.
Wing-tip Mach lines may not inter~ect on wings
Supersomc LE (~ cot ALE > I)
7.
8.

intersect TE
Foremost Mach line from either wing tip
may not interesect remote half of wing
(Cmq)s
9.
1 - - - - - - - - - -Method 2 (body diameter)/( wing span) is large, with

delta wing extending entire length of body
1-20
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
em q
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
WB
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
SUPERSONIC


EQUATION COMPONENTS

1.
Linear-lift range
(em.),
2.
3.
(a)
M;;. 1.4
4.
(b)
Mach line from TE vertex may not

intersect LE
5.
Wing-tip Mach lines may not intersect on wings
Supersonic LE (IJ cot ALE > I)
6.
7.

intersect TE
Foremost Mach line from either wing tip may
not intersect remote half of wing
(Cmq)a
8.
---------
Method 2 (body diameter)/( wing span) is large with delta

(see Sketch (c) 4.3.1.2)

WBT
Eq. 7.4.1.2-a
SUBSONIC
4.5.2.1
4.3.1.2
7.3.1.2
(em q)WB
1.
2.
4.4.1 4.1.3.2
(based
on
exposed
wing geometry)
3.
M ~ 0.6; however, if a swept wing with
t/c .;; 0.04, application to higher Mach numbers
is acceptable
Linear-lift range
4.
5.
6.

M.;; 0.8, tic.;; 0.10, if cranked planforms with
round LE
q"
(cL.);'
t--------- --------------=
(c )
mq WB
7.3.1 .2
(:~) (~J(cLJ +{cLJw.J
-2
4.5.2.1
4.3.12
4.4.1
4.13 2
4.5.1.1
Method 2 bw /bH
Eq. 7.4.1.2-b
<
1.5
(same limitations as
and (C L )
(Cm )
q WB
et
~h:thod
..
W (v)
I above)
1-21
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
em q
WBT
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
TRANSONIC


EQUATION COMPONENTS
Method I bw /bH ;> 1.5
(em q ) WB
I.
,
(a)
(baserl on exposed wing geometry)
3.
distribution
4.
" = 0
Subsonic LE
W cot
ALE
<
I)
5.
6.

Wing-tip Mach lines may-not intersect on wings
Supersonic LE W cot ALE > I)
(b)
7.

intersect TE
8.
q"
q~
9.
10.

(c L" )"'
II.
~-
Additional tail limitations are identical to Items 2

--------------
Method 2 bw /bH
<
1.5
(Cmq)wB' KB(W)' and (CLJW"(v) (based on exposed wing

geometry)
SUPERSONIC
Method I bw /bH ;> 1.5
(em q ) WB
I.
2.
3.
4.
M ;> 1.4
Linear-lift range
(a)
Subsonic LE
(p cot
ALE
< I)
5.
6.
(b)

Supersonic LE (p cot ALE > I)
7.
1-22

TE
METHODS SUMMARY
-----------------.------------------------------DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
em q
WBT
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)
(Contd.)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
EQUATIONS FOR DERIVATIVE ESTIMA o"ION

8.

q"
9.
10.
If nonviscous flow field, limited to unswept wing"

symmetry
(cLa)"'
I I.
Additional tail limitations arc identical to Items 3

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Method 2 bw /bH < 1.5

, KB(W)' and (CL ) ..
(C )
m q WB
o:, W (v)
geometry)
Eq. 7.1.4.1-a
SUBSONIC
4.1.4.2 4.1.3.2
I.
2.
Triangular pla:1forms
Linearlift range
3.
M < 0.6; however, if swept wing with t/c < 0.04.

application to higher Mach numbers is acceptahle
xa.c.
7.1.4.1
'
CL (g)
TRANSONIC
4.
<~A<
I.
Triangular planforms
2.
Mer
3.
Linear-lift range
4.
No camber
5.

distribution
<M~
1.0
c,
6.
cl (gJ
7.
SUPERSONIC
---7.1.1.1 7.1.4.1
+ 2 E"(~C)
7.1.1 .I
Eq. 7.1.4.1-b
7.1.4.1
--7.1.1.1 7.1.4.1
Method I
I.
2.
a=O
0
<~A<
1- = 0
<
3.
Subsonic LE (~ cot
4.
1\LE
I)
1-23
METHODS SUMMARY
I>ERIV ATJVE
CL
(Contd.)
OONFIG.
w
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME


EQUATION COMPONENTS
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)
5.
6.
Wingtip Mach lines may not intersect on wings nor

Linearlift range
r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------------------
CL.;
M2
fi2 (cLJl - fi2 (cLJ2
-7.1.4.1
7.1.4.1
Eq. 7.1.4.1-c Method 2

I.
2.
Unear-li ft range
(a) Subsonic LE (~ cot ALE < I)
0.25 <A< 1.0
Mach line from TE vertex may npt intersect LE
3.
4.
5.
(b)
6.
7.
WB

TE
intersect the remote half-wing
Eq. 7.3.4.1-a Method I (body diameter)/(wing span) is small

(see sketch (d) 4.3.1.2)
I. Linear-lift range
SUBSONIC
4.3.1.2
(CL.;),
2.
3.
4.
<~A<
M < 0.6; however, if swept wing with tic< 0.04,

application to higher Mach numbers is acceptable
(cL.).
--------------4.3.1.2 7.1.4.1
TRANSONIC
7.2.2.1
5.
-------Eq. 7.3.4.1-b Method 2 (body diameter)/( wing span) is large with delta wing
extending entire length of body
(see Sketch (d) 4.3.1.2)
I.
Linear-lift range
KB (W) (based on exrosed wing geometry)
(CL.),
1-24
3.
Triangular planforrns
Symmetric airfoils with conventional thickness
distribution
4.
O<M<4
5.
Mer~ M ~ 1.0
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
cL.
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
WB
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(cl,Js
TRANSONIC
(Contd.)
6.
------------~
Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) is large with delta wmg
(same limitations as Method 1 above)
SUPERSONIC
Ij
Method ! (body dlameter)/(wing span) is small

(see Sketch (d) 4.3.1.2)
I.
2.
Linear-lift range
K 8 (W) (based on exposed wing geometry)
(cl,),
3.
Mach line from TE vertex may not mtersect LE
4.
(b) Supersonic LE W cot ALE > I)
(a)
5.
6.

intersect TE
Foremost Mach line from either wing tip may
not intersect remote half-wing
--------------Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) is large with delta

(see Sketch (c) 4.3.1.2)(limitations of Method I)
WBT
SUBSONIC
Eq. 7 .4.4.1-a Method I bw /hH ;;. I .5
I.
( cL,; )WB
2.
3.
4.
5.
Linear-lift range
0 <~A< 4
M ~ 0.6; however, if swept wing with t/c ~ 0.04,
application to higher Mach numbers is acccptJble
q"
6.
Valid only on the pl<tne of symmetry
7.
Limitations dercnd upon
a.
ao:
prediction method
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CL.
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
WBT
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)

cL.; =(cLJw. - 2 C' ~ x'') (cLJw"t'>
7.3.4.1
TRANSONIC
4.5.2.1
4.5.1.1

EQUATION COMPONENTS
Method 2 bw /bH < I .5

Eq. 7.4.4.1-b
(same limitations as Items I through 5 immediately above)

and
(CL.)
c.: WB
(cL o: ) "
W (v)
Method I bw /bH ;;, 1.5

(C
1.
)
L.; WB
distribution
0 <~A< 4
3.
4.
5.
6.
KB(W)
Linear-lift range
Mn :< M.::;;; 1.0

lbased on exposed wmg geometry)
q"
7.
a.
8.
Conventional trapezoidal plan forms

9.
Proportional to CL
(cLJ;'
10.
ex = 0
ll.
Additional tail limitation is identical to Item 3

immediately above
f-..----------Method 2 bw /bH
< 1.5

and
( CL.)
a WB
SUPERSONIC
(cL ) .
a W {v)
Method I hw /hH ;;, 1.5

1.
2.
Linear-lift range
(cLo)wB (based on exposed wing geometry)

(a)
3.
4.
5.
1-26

METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
cL.
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)


EQUATION COMPONENTS
Supersonic LE (Jl cot ALE > I)
6. Valid only if Mach lines from LE vertex
intersect TE
7.
intersect remote half-wing
(b)
q"
-q=
8.
9.
If non viscous flow field, limited to unswept wings

If viscous flow field, valid -only on the plane of
symmetry
a<
-a<>
10.
II.
Other limitations depend upon prediction

a<>
method
a<
(cLJ
12.
M;;, 1.4
------- - - - - - - - Method 2 bw /bH
<
1.5

(CL.)
and (cL )
o: WB
c m.
SUBSONIC
em.
cm<i"
~
7.1.4.2
+ (;')
cL.
Eq. 7 .1.4.2-a
CL.
7 .1.4.1
I.
2.
3.
4.
TRANSONIC
SUPERSONIC
(Same as subsonic equation i
a W"(v)
0 < JlA < 4
M ~ 0.6; however, if swept wing with t/c.;;;,; 0.04,
Linear-lift range
cL.
I.
2.
distribution
O<JlA<4
3.
4.
Mer ~ M ~ l.C
5.
Linear-lift range
c m ".
(a)
Subsonic LE (Jl cot ALE
I.
2.
< I)

Wing-tip Mach llnes may not intersect on wings
1-27
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
w
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
WB
SPEED
REGIME

!Datcom section for components indicated!

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(b)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)
SUBSONIC
Eq. 7.3.4.2-a
Supersonic LE (~cot ALF
> I)
3.
4.
Valid only if Mach lines from LE vertex intersect TE

5.
6.
Linear-lift range

(see 4.3.1.2 Sketch id))
I.
Linear-lift range
(Cmo),
-----------------------
----
----
2.
Triangular planforms [ctuc to (CLJe]

~A<
3.
0<
4.
M < 0.6~ however, if swept wing with t/c ~ 0.04,

5.
------ --------- - - - --------
------
Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span) is large, with delta
Eq. 7.3.4.2-b
-----
4.3.1.2
TRANSONIC
7.1.4.2
7.2.2.2
wing extending over entire length of body

(same limitations JS Method I above)
Method I (body dianleter)/(wing span) is small
(see 4.3.1.2 Sketch id))
I.
Linear-lift range
(CmJ,
(CtJe]
2.
Triangular p\anforms [due to
3.

distribution
0<
< 4
Mcr,;;;;M~\.0
6.
r------------Method 2 (body diJmeter),i(wing span) is large, with delta

SUPERSONIC
1-28
Method I (body diametcr)/(wmg span) is small

1.
2.
Linear-lift range
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WB
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)


EQUATION COMPONENTS
(Cmo.)e
(a)
Subsonic LE
(~
cot ALE < I)
3.
4.
(b)

Supersonic LE (J3 cot ALE> I)
5.
6.

intersect TE
(Cmo.)o
7.
----------------------Method 2 (body diameter)/(wing span). is large, with delta wing

WBT
Eq. 7.4.4.2-a
SUBSONIC
Method I bw /bH ;. 1.5
I.
Linear-lift range
(Cm&)wa (based on exposed wing geometry)
2.
Triangular planforms [due to
3.
(cto,)e]
4.
5.
<~A< 4
M <;; 0.6; however, if swept wing with t/c <;; 0.04,
6.
7.
Limitations depend upon -
q
qoo
a.
aa
a.
aa
prediction method
- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - crn-
(CLo)w"'''
7.3.4.2
TRANSONIC
4.5.2.1
!Same as subsonic equations)
4.5.1.1
Eq. 7.4.4.2-b
Method 2 bw /bH
< 1.5

and (CL )
C )
( m Q WB
o: W '(v)
Method I bw /bH ;. 1.5
I.
Linear-lift range
1-29
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
(Contd.)
TRANSONIC
(Contd.)

( Datcom section for components indicated)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(cmet") WB
(CLo)el
:2.
Triangular planforms [due to
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mer ~ M ~ 1.0
distribution
<~A<
1.0
q~
8.
7.
Conventional trapezoidal plan forms

9.
Proportional to CL
0
(CLo)~
10.
"'; 0
II.

immediately above
-----------Method 2 bw /bH < 1.5

and (CL )
C )
(
SUPERSONIC
rna, WB
e~ W"(v)
I.
2.
(cmO:) WB
(a)
Linear-lift range
3.
4.
5.
(b)

Wing-tip Mach lines may not inters{'ct nn wings nor
Valid only if Mach lines from LE verte;; intersect

TE
7.
intersect the remote half-wing
K 8 (W) (based on exposed wing geometry)
6.
q"
q~
8.
9.
1-30

symmetry
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
cm.
Q
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)
(Contd.)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
aa
10.
Limitations depend upon
a,
aa
prediction method
M>I.4
Method 2 bw /bH .;; 1.5
(same limitations as Items I through
Cm )
Q WB
and(CL )
a W"(v)
7 immediately above)
~------~------~-------+------------------------------------------------------+------
SUBSONIC
(Low Speed)
- - 0.0001 lfl
57.3
Eq. 5.1.1.1-a
(Subcritical)
TRANSONIC
].
Constant-chord swept wings
Linear-lift range
Eq. 5.1.1.1-c
(No method)
8M 2
=- --
SUPERSONIC
0.0001 lfl
7TAf3' 57.3
Eq. 5.1.1.1-d, -b
a'
I.
Rectangular planforms
2.
Mach number and aspect ratio greater than that
for which the Mach line from LE of tip section

intersects TE of opposite tip section
(A .jM 2
-----
1---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cy
1T
AM 2
57.3-
5.1.1.1
0.0001 lfl
Eq. 5.1.1.1-e, -b
a'
~------------I.
Sweptback planforms
2.
A= 0
3.
Wing is contained within Mach cones springing

from apex and TE at center of wing
(.fii'=J
WB
SUBSONIC
(Cv~)ws
~ (Cv~)s
5.2.1.1 4.2.1.1
Body Re;:rence Area) +
I ;;. I)
cot ALE .;; l.Q))
Eq. 5.2.1.1-a
5.1.1.1
Linear-lift range
TRANSONIC
(same limitations as subsonic above)
SUPERSONIC
(same limitations as suhsonic above)
1-31
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
Cy
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
TB
SUBSONIC
METHOD LL\IITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(ac y~)V(WBH)
--
= - k (CL )
a
(Contd.)
(' +
5.3.1.1 4.1.3.2
aa~a)
qv
q~
Eq. 5.3.1.1-b
'----,~.,----
Method I (vertical panels on plane of symmetry)

(Cla)v
____1_.
5.4.1
~aight-tapered
planforms _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Eq. 5.3.1.1-c Method 1 (twin vertical panels)
-- -1-----------Method 3 (horizontal tail mounted on body or no horizontal

tail)
Eq. 5.3.1.1-<1
(a) Contribution of vertical panel
( CL \ (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
alp
1.
No curved planforms
2.
(b)
(acv ) H (8)
~
Eq. 5.3.1.1-e
5.3.1.1
TRANSONIC
M ,;;; 0.8, t/c ,;;; 0.1, if cranked plan forms with

round LE
(b) Contribution of horizontal tail
( Cy~) B
4.2.1.1
3.
4.
Linear-lift range
I.
Horizontal tail mounted on b9dy, or no horizontal
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
= -
K'
(CN~
5.3.1.1
4.1.3.2
s.
'
-Sw
Eq. 5.3.1.1-f
tail
Linear-lift range
2.
(a) Vertical-tail contribution
K' (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
(CN P (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
a)
3.
(b)
(aCy ) H(B)
~
- 5.3.1.1
HYPERSONIC
1-32
4.2.1.1
Eq. 5.3.1.1-g
(b)
4. M ;;. 1.4 for straight-tapered planforms

5.
1.2 ,;;; M ,;;; 3 for composite plan forms
6.
1.0 ,;;; M ,;;; 3 for curved planforms
Horizontal-tail contribution
(Cv~).
7.
Method I
I.
2.
3.
Horizontal tail mounted on a body

Not substantiated above M = 7
Linear-lift range
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME

EQUATION COMPONENTS

(a)
Cy
(Contd.)
TB
(Contd.)
Eq. 5.3.1.1-f
K' (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)

(CN
5.3.1.1 4.1.3.2
(~Cv I) H(B)
a)p
4.
(b)
(b)
Vertical-tail contribution
Eq. 5 3.1.1-g
--
(Cv
>
HorizontaHail contribution
,)s
5.
5.3.1.1 4.2.1.1
- - - - - - - - - - ---------------------------------- - - Method 2
'Y + I
I (r + I ) 2
Eq. 5.3.1.1-h
I. Sharp-edged sections
cp = <~ bJ 2 ( - - y - - - +
2
4
!)~~ b)')
WBT
2.
5 <<I
Eq. 5.6.1.1-a Method I (single vertical stabilizer, and horizontal tail at

any height or no horizontal tail)
I.
Linear-lift range
SUBSONIC
(Cv ,)ws
2.
(~Cy I)V(WBH)
3.
--------Cy 1 = (Cv 1)ws + ( ~Cy ,)v<WBH)

5.2.1.1
5.3.1.1
-- -- - - - -
Straight-tapered planforrns
-- -- -
-- -- - - - - -
Eq. 5.6.1.1-a Method 2 (twin vertical panels)

I.
Linear-lift range
(Cv ~)wa
'2.
-------5.2.1.1
5.3.1.1
Eq. 5.6.1.1-b Method 3 (horizontal tail mounted on body or no

horizontal tail)
I.
Linear-lift range
(Cv ~)wa
(~Cy
2.
1)P
3.
4.
TRANSONIC
(based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)

No curved planforms
M .;; 0.8, tic .;; 0.1, if cranked plan forms with
round LE
(No method)
133
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
SUPERSONIC
METHOD LL\IITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
I.
Cy
(Contd.)
Horizontal tail mounted on body or no horizontal

tail
Linear-lift range
Eq. 5.6.1.1-b
(Contd.)
~
5.2 .1.1
5.3.1.1
(Cv~)wB
3.
(LlCyP)P (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
4.
5.
6.
7.

M ;;, 1.4 for straight-tapered plan forms
1.1 ~ M ~ 3 for composite plaQforms
1.0 ~ M ~ 3 for curved planforms
I.
2.
8 tan Ac/ 4
3.
5.1.2.1
4.
Uniform dihedral (alternate form is available to

account for dihedral)
M.;; 0.6
S.
6.
Linear-lift range
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A<l.O
SUBSONIC
Eq. 5.1.2.1-a
5T2.T
5 .1.2.1
5 .1.2.1
W.t
5.1.2.1
1---------------
c/~
= CL [-_I .:. .:..}57.3 3 A
- - -f--
rfA)
\6
Eq. 5.1.2.1-a'.
(c~.J,
5.1.2.1
:1:
(c~ )
a total
l(Cta),
-~
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.1
4.1.3.2
s, [
Sw
-5:;;;;;
(3::;;.:;
+5
Linear-lift range
No twist
No dihedral
M.;; 0.6
-5 .;;
.;; +5
Linear-lift range
and
(ct Jo'
t/c <; 0.10 if cranked wi,Jgs with round LE
----------1-------------
I 2
57.3 3
4T3.2
:: [(~t. ~ (~).Jj
5.!.2.1
5.1.2.1
l.
2.
3.
5.1.2.1
Eq. 5.1.2.1-b'
No dihedral
5.
6.
M.;; 0.6
-5 ~ (3
fcL ).
\
01
Dougledelta and cranked wings

Ai and A~< 1.0
No twist
4.
7.
I
8.
134
--
Uniform dihedral
M.;; 0.6
Double-delta and cranked wings
8.
--
+5
A, and A; ;;, 1.0
7.
4.1.3.2
~ ~:;;;;;
I.
5.
6.
~-----
-5
2.
3.
4.
Eq. 5.1.2.1-b
A;;, 1.0
+5
Linearlift range
and (cL ) '
01
t/c ~ 0.1 if cranked wings with round LE
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
c,
(Contd.)
CONFIG.
SPEED
REGIME
TRANSONIC

EQUATION COMPONENTS

(Datcom section for componenis indicated)
5.1.2.1
S.U.l
5.1.2.1
(Contd.)
(CL~) M=06
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.2
-5 .;; iJ<; +5
Linear-hft range
4.
5.
6.
7.
Wing tips parallel to free stream

No twist
Uniform dihedral
Foremost Mach line from wing tip may not
~~)M=I4
Eq. 5.1.2.1-c
4.1.3.2
I.
2.
3.
intersect remote halfwing
SUPERSONIC
C1 = -0.061 CN
B
4.1.3.2
eN
(~)
c,
Eq. 5.1.2.1-e
"
I.
2.
3.
4.
No twist
5.
M;.l.4
6.
7.

Foremost ~ach line from wing tip may not
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Double-delta and cranked wings

No twist
No dihedral
Straight trailing edge
Low angles of sideslip
Linear-lift range
7.
8.
1.2<;M<;3
M > 1.4, if A 0 >A,
9.
A,
I.
2.
3.
Uniform dihedral
M.;; Mrb
-so .;; ll.;; +So
Linear-lift range
5.1.2.1
---
--------------------------------------= -0.061
Uniform dihedral
Linear-lift range
-----
4.1.3.2 4.1.3.2
(CNJg and (cNJbw
-0.061
< 80. if A 0 > A,
Eq. 5.1.2.1-f
WB
SUBSONIC
c,
CL[(~I~)
L
KM A
A c/2---..-.
K,
~
+G~ )J+r [~c

~
5.1.2.1 5.1.2.1 5.2.2.1 5.1.2.1
t.c,c]
Mr
+-f
-5.1.2.1, 5.1.2.15.2.2.1
1C)w + 8 tan
+(AC
A,. 14
1 )
AC
e tan
~c/4
~~
5.2.2.1
5.1.2.1
Eq. 5.2.2.1-a
4.
5.
1-35
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
c, p
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WB
(Contd.)
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(Datcom section for components indicated,
c,
CL
5.2.2.1
TRANSONIC
c,
-
5.2.2.1
[(~L. -(~:t
CL
(c ')
Na
(c ')
M:l.4
La
4.1.3.2
Mfb
6.
M.;; 0.6
I.
Mfb.;; M.;; 1.4
~so .;; ~.;; +so
5.2.2.1
k ~-) C:t
~ Mfb
1.4
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.2
(c ')
La
2.
3.
( c L,2) M
Eq. 5.2.2.1-d
Mfb
4.1.3.2
(:~ t=l.4
4.
5.
4.1.3.2
(:~
tfb
6.
7.
(cL )
o: Mfb
eN
SUPERSONIC
c, =
p
~o.06I
eN
-~
57.3
I +A (I + ALE)]
2 2
I+
43
ALE )(tan ALE)[ M cos ALE + en :LE) 1

~
A
-4.1.3.2
Uniform dihedral
Linear-lift range
and (CL )
aM
8.

distribution
9.
"
I.
2.
3.
M;;. 1.4
Linearlift range
4.
5.

6.
Supersonic TE
c,
[
+r

--f
c,
5.1.2.1
AC1 ]
P +(AC )
+ __
1P 'w
r
.5.2:2.1
Eq.
5.2.2.1~
5.2.2.1
zP cos a - QP sin a
TB
SUBSONIC
(Ac1
P)p
(Acy P)P
5.3.1.1
TRANSONIC
SUPERSONIC
bw
Eq. 5.3.2.1-a
(ACy P)P (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry for

(ACy P)P Method 3)
I.
Limitations depend upon ( ACy ) prediction

method
PP
I.
(No method)
tail
( ACy P)P (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
2.
1-36
Breaks in LE and TE must be at same spanwise

station
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
cl
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
TB
(Contd.)
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)


EQUATION COMPONENTS
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
M ;;> 1.4 for straight-tapered plan forms
1.2 .;;; M .;;; 3 for composite planforms
1.0 .;;; M .;;; 3 for curved plan forms
Linear-lift range
HYPERSONIC
(t.Cl~)P
zP cos
a -- P sin a
(f>Cva)p
bw
Eq. 5.3.2.1-a
Method I
I.
2.
Horizontal tail mount~d on body or no horizontal

tail
M<7
(based on exposed vertical-panel geometry)
(t>Cy a)p
3.
M ;;> 1.4 for straight-tapered planforms
4.
1.2 .;;; M .;;; 3 for composite planforms
5.
6.
Linear-lift range
zP and QP (based on exposed vertical-panel geometry)
5.3.1.1
------------Method 2
I.
(t>Cv~)P

tail
(based on exposed vertical-pane! geometry)
2. Sharp-edge sections
3. 5 << I
------
-------------
--
Method 3
I.

tail
2. Upper range of hypersonic Mach numbers
( f>Cy a)p (based on exposed vertical-panel geometry)
WBT
SUBSONIC
TRANSONIC
cl
(c1a)ws +~P { (t.Cy ~)P ['" cos" b~ QP sin"]}
-5.2.2.1
5.3.1.1
I.
Eq. 5.6.2.1-a
Linear-lift range
(ct,)ws
2.
3.
4.
Uniform dihedral
M.;;; Mrb
5. M.;;; 0.6
6.
-so .;;; ~.;;; +so
('l.Cy ) (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry for
1
. P ( f>Cy ~)P Method 3)
(No method)
1-37
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
cl
CON FIG.
WBT
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
( Datcom section for components indicated 1
SUPERSONIC

EQUATION COMPONENTS
l.
Linear-lift range
(CI~)WB
(Contd.)
2.
3.
4.

5
M> 1.4
(Cv ~)P (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
6.

immediately above
SUBSONIC
(Low Speed)
= 57.3
x sin 1\,14 )]
---+62
8 cos A, 14
41rA -
(Subcritical)
Eq. 5.1.3.1-a
I.
Linear-lift range
I.
Rectangular planform
2.
Eq. 5.1.3.1-b
5.1.3.1
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
Eq. 5.1.3.1-c
-- 1r
--
[""'"r'
~
7. I. 1.1
-- --
F9(N) +
5_1.3.1
--
-- --
(A2
16
--
--
--
~C)]-~7.1.1.2
5.1.1.1
57.3
)M2 -
1 ;;. 1.0 (Mach number and aspec<
ratio greater than those for which Mach line

from LE of tip section intersects TE of opposite
tip section)
---------------------Eq. 5.1.3.1-d
I.
2.
A = 0
~ cot /\LE .;; 1.0 (Mach number and aspect
ratio for which wing lies within Mach cones

springing from apex and TE at center of wing)
I.
WB
ALL SPEEDS
(c n/3)
WB
Linear-lift range
Eq. 5 .2.3.1-a
5.2.3.1 5.2.3.1
TB
SUBSONIC
Method I
LiCy ) (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry for
Eq. 5.3.3.1-a
(
~ P (LiCy ) Method 3)
~
l.
1-38
Limitations depend upon (LiCy ) prediction

method
~ P
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
TB
(Contd.)
SUBSONIC
(CGntd.)
eQUATIONS FOR DERIVATIVE ESTIMATION

! Datcom section for components indicated)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
4.1.4.2
Method 2
(Contd.)
= -
(t.Cy ~)P
(t>Cy ) (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry for

~ P (t>Cy ~)P Method 3)
Eq. 5.3.3.1-b
I.
5.3.lT
Limitations depend upon
method
(t>Cy )
~
prediction
M .;;; 0.6; however, 1f swept planforms with

is acceptable
3.
TRANSONIC
Linear-lift range
(No method)
SUPERSONIC (Same as subsonic equations)
Method I
I.
(LlCy.6
)P
Horizontal tail mounted on body, or no horizontal

tail
(based on exposed vertical-tail geometry J
2.
3.
Breaks in LE and TEat same spanwise station

4.
5.
6.
7.
M ;. 1.4 for straight-tapered planforms

1.2 ~ M ~ 3 for composite planforms
Linear-lift range
f--- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
Method 2
(ACv~)P (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
WBT
SUBSONIC
5.2.3.1
Eq. 5.6.3.1-a Method I
(Ca)ws
5.3.1.1
----------------------L p [- (t>Cy a)p

5.2.3.1
5.3.1.1
cp b~")P)]
+
I.
t>Cy )
Linearlift range
(based on exposed vertical-tail geometry for (t>Cy )

~ P Method 3)
aP
2.
Limitations depend upon (t>Cy) prediction
method
~ P
---------1Eq. 5.6.3.1-b
-------
Method 2
(Ca)ws
I.
Linear-lift range
( t.Cy a)p (based on exposed vertical-tail geometry for (LlCy \

Method 3)
2.
~/P
Limitations depend upon(t>Cy ) prediction

method
~ P
1-39
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
en
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WBT
(Contd.)
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)

METHOD LIMITATIONS ASSOCI A TED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(xa.c.)p
M ~ 0.6; however, if swept planforms with

t/c ..o;; 0.04, application to higher Mach numbers
is acceptable
Linear-lift range
3.
(Contd.)
4.
fRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
Method I
I.
Horizontal tail mounted on body or no

horizontal tail
(Cn~)ws
(aCy
2.
Linear-lift range
(based on exposed vertical-tail geometry)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

M ~ 1.4 for straight-tapered planforms
1.2 ,._; ; M ~ 3 for composite planforrns
1.0 ~ M ~ 3 for curved planforms
Linear-lift range
.a)p
8.
- - - - - - ----
---- - -
Method 2
(t>.Cy ~)P (based on vertical-tail geometry)
Cyp
SUBSONIC
Cyp =
[(~:
7.1.2.1
)CLO CL
+ (t>.Cy p)r
Eq. 7.1.2.1-a
7.1.2.1
7.1.2.1
< o:
I.
Q'
2.
Test data for lift and drag
stall
(;LptO
M
TRANSONIC
3.
M<;;M
I.
Thin. sweptback, tapered wings with

strearnwise tips
Low iift coefficients
(No method)
SUPERSONIC Figure 7.1.2.1-10
2.
WB
SUBSONIC
Cy
K [ ( : : )CLO
7.1.2.1
)-40
"
7.1.2.1
CL] +
(t>.Cy p)r
7.1.2.1
Eq. 7.1.2.1-a
I.
2.
a< a-stall
3.
(Body diameter)/(wing span).;; 0.3
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
c, p
WB
(Contd.)
WBSONIC
(Contd.)
(Contd.)

(Oatcom section for components indicated)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
C::t.o
M
TRANSONIC
SUPERSONIC
4.
M .;; M"
I.
Thin, sweptback, tapered wings with streamwise

tips
(Body diameter)/( wing span) .;; 0.3
Low lift coefficients
(No method)
Figure 7.1.2.1-iO
2.
3.
Wt!T
SUBSONIC
zp]
+2 [z-( Ll.Cy
bw
c, p = ( Cy p) WB
7.3.2.1
~) V(WBHJ
Eq. 7.4.2.1-a Method I (conventionally located vertical tails)

(Cvp) WB
I. (body diameter)/( wing span) .;; 0.3
2. ex ~ astall
5.3.1.1
3.
4.

M .;; M"
(Ll.Cy ~) V(WBH)
5.
Additional or identical tail limitations depend
on (Ll.Cy )
~
1---- -- ---- -- -- -Cy p
(cvP)WB
+ [ 2z
b~ zP]
7.3.2.1
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
------
--
V(WBH)
prediction method
-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - Eq. 7.4.2.1-c Method 2 (vertical tail directly above, or above and slightly
behind wing)
( Ll.Cy )v(WBH)
5.3.1.1
4.1.3.3
ct
SUBSONIC
ct p
c~p
)cl =0
7.1.2.2
(f)
4.1.1.2
(CLa)cL
( C1P) r
+ ( Ll.CI )
(Cla) CL =0 (CtP) r=o

4 1.3.2
7 .1.2.2
Eq. 7.1.2.2-a
I.
M.;;M
drag
"
(CLa) c L
7.1.2.2
2.
Symmetric airfoils
3.
!0 6
.;;
R0
.;;
15 x I 0 6 based on MAC
(Cla)cl=O
4.
TRANSONIC
Straight-taoered wings
(No method)
1-41
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
ct p
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)

ct p
~I p)~heory]
ct p
'c1 )
7.1.2.2

EQUATION COMPONENTS
I.
2.
3.
Eq. 7 .1.2.2-<1
theory
Straighttapered wings
Foremost Mach line from tip may not
Supersonic TE
7.1.2.2
4.
4.1.3.3
__...,_._
WB
SUBSONIC
ct p
=(~~p)CL=O
~
7.1.2.2
(CL.) C L
(;)
(ct.)r
(CL.) CL =0
(ct.) r=o
4.1.3.2
7.1.2.2
4.1.1.2
+ (.ac, p)
I.
2.
Eq. 7 .1.2.2-a
drag
~-~------
7.1.2.2
(Body diameter)/(wing span) ...; 0.3

M ...; M"
(CL.) CL
3.
Symmetric airfoils
4.
I X 106
...;
R, ,.; 15 x 106 based on MAC
(CL.) C L=0
TRANSONIC
SUPERSONIC
5.
Straighttapered wings
I.
Straight-tapered wings. If (body diameter)/(wing

span) > 0.3, valid only for triangular wings)
Cylindrical or nearly cylindrical bodies
(No method)
(CIP) WB
ct p
(ct.) w
-..7.1.2.2
Eq. 7 .3.2.2-a
(Ctp) d/bO
,_._:2)"-
2.
7.3.2.
(Ct.) w
3.
4.

5.
WBT
SUBSONIC
ct p (ct p ) WB
.._.,_
7.1.2.2
+ 0.5
--
(Ct) H
7.1.2.2
C"~ C"Y
Sw
bw
+ Hb:) [ z :wzP
(ACy g)
V(WS~)
...__
--..~
5.3 1.1
Supersonic TE
Eq. 7 .4.2.2-a Method I (conventionally located vertical tails)

and
1 )
(c
WB
(C1)
p
I.
2.
3.
4.
Straighttapered planforms
Symmetric airfoils
(Body diameter)/(wing span) ...; 0.3
M ...; M"
5.
! x 106
(ACy g)
6.
.;;
< 15
x 106 based on MAC
V(WBH)

prediction method
on (ACy )
I-42
R0
V(WBH)
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
c/ p
WBT
(Contd.)
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
c. p

c/ p
(C/p)
+ 0.5 (C/P)
-----
WB
-----
7.1.2.2
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
SUBSONIC
c. p
~ C"r
C")
I:w [ b~ JI
bw
2z
zP
Eq. 7.4.2.2-b Method 2 (vertical tail located directly above, or above and
slightly behind wing)
V(WBH)
5.3.1.1
tan a - (
[ -CIP
c. P)
CL
_ CL]
CL-0
(tJ.>)
- --
7.1.2.2
(t!.Cy ~)
7.1.2.2
tan a - K
= -C/P

EQUATION COMPONENTS
7.1.2.3 7.1.2.2
7.1TI
7.1.2.3
.[(:;::,] (:;),7.1.2.3
6,
6.1.1.1
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
c.p
-a
c~p )body
2xc.g.
A(! + ;\.)
axts
( c: p) - { c/p
Eq. 7.1.2.3-e
7.1.2.2
2.
Lift coefficients up to stall (if reliable lift and

drag data are available)
3.
4.
Symmetric airfoils
5.
"
10 6
.;;
R,.;; 15
!0 6 based on MAC
Method I 'Subsonic leading edges (~ cot ALE <I)
7.1.2.1
7.1.2.3
c., )
M<;;M
c/ p
Eq. 7 .1.2.3-a
TRANSONIC
I.
7. 1.3.3
I.
2.
3.
Streamwise wing tips
Low lift coefficients
4.

intersect remote halfwing
Supersonic TE
cl p
5.
1---------------
c.p
-a
cp)
bo~y
2x
+ A(!:\)
-2
tan ALE
aXIS
7.1.2.3
WB
SUBSONIC
c.p
7.1.2.2
-K
[ -C1 tan a -
- -
7.1.2.3
7.1.2.3
7.1.2.3
7. 1.2.3
7.1.2.2
0 + (:;)::,
c~~)
CL CLO
cl p
-- -- - - -- -- - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - Eq. 7.1.2.3-g
Method 2 Supersonic leading edges(~ cot ALE

(:~),
6,
----
> I)
7.1.2.2
CL]
Eq. 7.1.2.3-a
n- [" l-O"P
Cy
7.1.2.1
= -C1 tan a
p
-- --
I.
2.
(Body diameter)/( wing span)<;;; 0.3

M<;;M
3.
Lift coefficients up to stall (if reliable lift

and drag data are available)
"
cl p
4.
5.
Symmetric airfoils
6.
I x 106 <;;; Ro <;;; 15 x 106 based on MAC
6.1.: .I
1-43
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CONFIG.
c. p
WB
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
TRANSONI!=

(Oatcom section for components indicated)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
c \
2xc.g.
= -a-/body
Eq. 7.1.2.3-e
A(l +A)
Method l Subsonic leading

I.
2.
3.
4.
axis
7.1.2.3
edges(~
with CL
5.
~-(c.)_P_
--"-
..
-[---;:-
6.
-1 - ]Cy- - e.g.
- - tan A
--"
C
A(! +A)
2
LE
a
IP
body
7.1.2.3
WBT
SUBSONIC
c. p
( Cnp) WB
7.1.2.1
2
( P cos a + zp sina) [ ' - z]
bw
7.3.2.3
~) V(WBH)
Foremost Mach line from rip may not

Supersonic TE
Eq. 7.4.2.3-a Method 1 (conventionally located vertical tails)

(Cnp) WB
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.3.1.1
Symmetric airfoils
(Body diameter)/(wing span).;; 0.3
M <;;; M
"
pWB
z- zP] (
+ 2 .bw
--
6.
Lift coefficients up to stall (if reliable lift

and drag data are available)
Eq. 7.4.2.3-b
~) V(WBH)

on (L>Cy )
prediction method
--~-V(WBH) _ _ - - - -
7.3.2.3
)-44
Test data
---------------------~.
[2zb: zP]
(aCy ~ )v(WBHJ
5.3.1.1
Eq. 7.4. 2.3-c Method 2 (vertical tails located directly above, or above
and slightly behind wing)
(same limitations as for Eq. 7.4.2.3-a above)
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --1-------------(same limitations as Method I above)

c
Eq. 7.4.2.3-d
(c.)ws +
"p =
-- __
(acnt3P
)
I.
7.3.2.3
7 .3.2.3
ac. t3p
1--------c =(C.)ws _ tQ" cos a b: zP sin a]
l 0 6 based on MAC
I-- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - ____ - - - - - - ________
(c. )
l 0 6 .;; R, .;; 15
5.
7.
---
(same limitations as Method l above)
( f>Cy
c. p
Eq. 7.1.2.3-g Method 2 Supersonic leading edges(~ cot ALE> l)
-7.1.2.2
( f>Cy
cot ALE< l)
Streamwise wing tips
(Body diameter)/( wing span).;; 0.3
Lift coefficients where en varies linearly
------
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
c.,
(Contd.)
Cv,
CONFIG.
WBT
(Contd.)
WB
WBT
SPEED
REGIME

~Datcom section for components indicated)
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
SUBSONIC
(No method)
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No methcd)
SUBSONIC
(No method)
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
SUBSONIC
Cy
'
= (cv ,)
ws
2
- b
(e
cos a + z sin ") ( <lC )

p
y i3

EQUATION COMPONENTS
I.
Eq. 7 .4.3.1-a
VtWBH)
(Cv,)
5.3.1.1
Aperiodic mode only
WB
2.
Test data
( <lCy )V(WBH)
3.
Additional tail limitations depend on
prediction method
( M~y )
1------Cy
'
c,
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
'
= CL
c,
'
--
-----
~JCL
+ ( <lC, )
' CL
7.1.3. 2
7.1.3.2
(J
( <lC,')
-- r +
r
-7.1.3.2
( <l:') 0 +
[r:~\l
7.1.3.2
(: ), .,
7.1.3.2
6.1.1.1
Eq. 7 1.3.2-a
(cv )
r
WB
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
and (<len )
/3
I.
Test data
I.
M~M
-- - - - - - - -
"
( <lC, )
' CL
2.
No curved planforms
3.
No twist or dihedral, if non~straighttapered
wings
4.
t/c <;; 0.1 if cranked wing with round LE
5.
M <;; 0.6
6.
Linear-lift range
7.
TRANSONIC
V(WBH)
- - - - 1 - - - -----Eq. 7.4.3.1-b
(Cv' )ws + 2(<lC)

n p
TRANSONIC
SUBSONIC
- - - - - - --- - - -
--50~
(3 ~+50
l-45
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
c,
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
WB
SUBSONIC
'
(Contd.)

c,,
~c~t=O
( ~C1
'
C-}
+ (r
CL
7.1.3.2
r +
(;') ~~ y::),,
6
8
Eq. 7.1.3.2-a
Sr
7.1.3.2
1.
(Body diameter)/(wing span)< 0.3
2.
M ~Mer
(~c1,k
7.1.3.2
7.1.3.2
7.1.3.2
METHOD LIMITATIONS ASSOCI ATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
6.1.1.1
3.
4.
No curved planforms
No twist or dihedral, if nonstraight-tapered
wing
TRANSONIC
5.
6.
7.
t/c < 0.1 if cranked wing with round LE

M < 0.6
Linear-lift range
8.
-5 < ~<+5
(No method)
SUPERSONIC (No method)
WBT
SUBSONIC
cI,
- .2_
(p
b2
w
cos
a + z sin") (z
p
cos
a - P sin a) f~cy )
\
Eq. 7.4.3.2-a
V(WBH)
~~~--~
No curved planforms
5.3.1.1
No twist or dihedral, if non-straight-tapered

wing
3.
tic < 0.1 if cranked wiog with round LE
4.
5.
6.
(Body diameter)/(wing span)< 0.3

M < 0.6
M<M
7.
Linear-lift range
8.
-50<~< +50
"
(~Cy ~) V(WBH)
9.
e-----------c, (c1) - 2bw (P cos a+ zP si~ a)1~c

1
\t3P
r
Additional or identical tail limitations depend on

~Cy )
prediction method
(
ll V(WBH)
---1---------Eq. 7 .4.3.2-b
rWB
Cl,) WB
(same limitations as for Eq. 7.4.3.2-a)
(~CI#)P
7.3.3.2
I.
Test data
f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ---- -+ 2
(~c~)p
(Cl,)
Eq. 7.4.3.2-c
WB
(same limitations as for Eq. 7.4.3.2-a)
(~Cn~)P (~Cy ~)V(WBHl' and(~C1 ~)P

1.
TRANSONIC'
1-46
(No method)
Test data
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CONFIG.
wu
C,r
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
c.
SPEED
REGIME
SUPERSONIC (No method)
SUIISONIC
c.
= (
:~)
c2
____,..
+( ;~J
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
SUBSONIC
c.
=
r
(:;)
c2L
WBT
(NCJ method)
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
SU.ONIC
c. r
(c,)wB
Eq. 7.1.3.3-a
0
No twist nor dihedral

Lift-coefficient range for which Cn varies
linearly with CL
'
I.
2.
(~J
Eq. 7.1.3.3-a
----
2.

Lift coefficient range for which Cn varies
linearly with CL
r
I.
Aperiodic mode only
I.
7.1.3.3
7,1.3,3
TllANSONIC
CD
7T3:3
7.1.3.3
WB

EQUATION COMPONENTS

+ _22
b
(p COSCi
+Zp sin<i) 2 (ACy
Eq. 7.4.3.3-a
V(WBH)
2.
3.
5.3.1.1
7.3.3.3
(C,)wa
Lift-coefficient range for which c. varieo
linearly with CL
'
( ACy ~) V(WBH)
4. Additional tail limitations depend upon
(ACy )
prediction method
~
------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c. r
( Cn,) WB
7.3.3.3
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
(No metbod)
+2
(ACn~)~
( ACy ~) V(WBH)
Eq. 7.4.3.3-b
1---
V(WBH)
- - - - - - - - - - - - ----

( ACn~)P
I. Test data
5.3.1.1
1-47
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC


EQUATION COMPONENTS
Eq. 6.1.1.1-a
(two dim)
I.
2.
Linear-lift range
Other limitations depend upon type of flap
(see Equations -c through -j below)
----------------------Eq. 6.1.1.1-b
I.
2.
Linear-lift range
Other limitations depend upon type of flap
(see Equations -c through -j below)
---------------(Co )
0
K'
Eq. 6.1.1.1-c
theory
6.1.1.1
6.1.1.1
f--- -----------
6.1.1.1
--
I.
2.
3.
Plain trailing-edge flaps with sealed gaps

No beveled trailing edges
No compressibility effects
--(a) -Single-slotted
- -- -flaps
-
-- -- - - -- - -
Eq. 6 .1.1.1-d (b) Fowler flaps

I. Near fully extended position
2. Slot properly developed
test data 6.1.1.1
---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
r-c'
Eq. 6.1.1.1-e
lJI
c
'--..---'
(a) Single-slotted flaps

(b) Fowler flaps
6.1.1.1
~-----------------
~c
Eq. 6.1.1.1-h
'c
..___,
6.1.1.1
t------
6.1.1.1
c.
6cl
'cI
(:~
y:-
'--..---'
6.1.1.1
----
c.
'c
._=..,
'-v---J
6f2 (I +
c - c
'
')
Eq. 6.1.1.1-i
Eq. 6.1.1.1-j
4.1.1.2 6.1.1.1
6.1.1.1
C~) +C~6r+[l+k,(;,)]6i(c,.- c:
.__, .__,
6.1.1.1 6.1.1.1 6.1.1.1
6.1.1.1
Double-slotted flaps
Ratio of forward-flap chord to aft-flap chord ..;; 0.60
Double-slotted flaps
Ratio of forward-flap chord to aft-flap chord ::::: 1.0
-- -- -- -- -- -
6.1.1.1 6.1.1.1
= -c0 a
= {[l+k,(;.)]6r(c,r-
I.
r--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dc 0
I.
2.
_'1_2_
'--..---'
6.1.1:1
t--~c.
--------------------------------
)+
C~ 6i}~
.._!.., .__,
.__,
6.1.1.1 6.1.1.1
6.1.1.1
I.
Split flaps
-+--- -- ---- ---- -------
Eq.6.1.1.1-k
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Jet flaps (first approximation for multislotted flaps)

Linearized thin-airfoil theory
No trailing-edge separation
No augmentor-wing concept
Not valid for low values of C
~
1-49
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
c,.
and
CON FIG
w
(two dim)
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC
(Contd.)

~c,

EQUATION COMPONENTS
= ....._,_.....
Ci6
of
Eq. 6.1.1.1-2
6.1.1.1
----------------------
(Contd.)
~c
'
'
0~
---
-Ci
---------------- --
I.
Thin-airfoil theory
(a) Krueger flaps
_ _ _ _ _ ~Leading-edge slats __
~o/
Eq. 6.1.1. 1-n
....._,_..... ....._,_.....
4.1.1.2 6.1.1.1
(same as that for flap-retracted section - see Section 6.1.1.2\
SUBSONIC
(two dim)
4.1.1.2
I.
2.
Plug or flap spoiler

Zero-lift region
I.
2.
of .;; 20
-- -- -- -- -- --- --
- --
6.
No separated flow
Eq. 6.1.1.2-a
4.1.1.2
i---- ------------------c'
( c'12a: - C'll ) + C'JJ.c
}
'--r-'
6.1.1.1
1------------- (c.), = fc.). =o !same as basic airfoil)

w
SUBSONIC
~c,
(two dim)
max
(~c 2 max1ase
6.1.1.3 6.1.1.3 6.1.1.3
--Eq. 6.1.1.2-b
Fixed-hinge trailing- and leading-edge flaps

for plain flaps
5.
4.
1--- -- - - - - -
Translating trailing-edge flaps and leading-edge

slats
~--
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
-- -- -- -- -- --- -- --
I.
Eq. 6.1.1.3-a
----------Jet flaps (first approximation for multislotted flaps)

Not valid for low values of C~
Spoilers
0
c, < 0
2.
3.
a>
I.
Trailing-edge flaps
6.1.1.3
----- ---
f--~c
c,
11max
f'ls
....._,_..... ....._,_..... ....._,_.....

max
'
0 .:_
f c
Eq. 6.1.1.3-b
(a)
5.1.1.3 6.1.1.3 6.1.1.3

(b)
1-50
------
Or .;;; 30 for single.;;lotted and Fowler flaps

5r .;;; 60 for double.;;lotted flaps
Or .;; 45 for split flaps
3.
6.1.1.2
Leading-edge flaps
Thin-airfoil theory
Eq. 6.1. I. 1-m
..____
~c, =
I.
2.
I.
Thin-airfoil theory
Leading-edge flaps
2.
No Krueger flaps
3. llr < 30
Leading-edge slats
4. ll, < 20
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
w
(two-dim)
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC

.:lcrn =
.:l~
[ x;f _ ( x:,P)(
'--v--'
'--v--'
6.1.1.1
6. 1.2.1

EQUATION COMPONENTS
~)]
Eq. 6.1.2.1-a
r--------- --
-- --- -- - - --
---
--- - - - -
Figure 6.1.2.1 -35b
Method I
I. Plain, split, and multislotted trailing-edge flaps
2. Linear-lift range
.:lc, (depends upon type of flap)
- - - - - - --- --- - - - Plain trailing-edge flaps
Subcritical Mach numbers
Linear-lift range
Metho~
1.
2.
3.
1----------- -- -----------------1------------------
(c')2 & +(xref-c + c-' -c-c
c'
rn,LE c
fLE
.:lc
'
'--v--'
'-v-'
6.1.2.1
6.1.1.1
+0.75
'-v-'
4.1.2.1
1----------------
c,
(~)(~-1)
I.
Small leading-edge devices
2. Thin-airioil theory
'-v-'
4.1.1.1,
4.1.1.2
--------
Eq. 6.1.2.1-b
----------------
Eq. 6.1.2.1-c
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SUBSONIC
(two dim)
(crna ) 6 = (r._
rna )6=0
1--- - - - - - - - - - - - -
6.1.2.1 6.1.2.1
w
(two dim)
SUBSONIC
Figure 6.1.2.3-3
I.
(same as that for flap-retracted sections)
-- -- -- -- -- --
Jet flaps (first approximation for muitislotted

flaps)
Not valid for low values of c.
-----
2.
Leading- and trailing-edge mechanical flaps

No separated flow
Eq. 6.1.2.1-k
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Not valid for low values of c.
I.
Portion of Cm c, curve below the moment break
---
1-51
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC

I.
Eq. 6.1.3.1-a
(So:) theory
(two dim)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
2.
3.
6.1.3.1
+ 2
(c )
a theory
4.
I -
4.1.1.2
6.1.3.1
c, a
(c2 a )theory
(tan
---- --</>~E
2
.!.)
c
Eq. 6.1.3.1-b
I.
2.
3.
4.
('1.)a balance
,.
[('i.o)balance)
"
c;. a
<;,
--
-- - - -- --
-----
Radius-nose, sealed, trailing-edge flaps

Tangent of half the trailing-edge angle
No separated flow
Low speeds
* t/c
------------I.
Eq. 6.1.3.1-c
Control with nose balance
c;;Q
6.1.3.1
c;, o
4.1.1.2
r------- ------- -- -- - - -

Tangent of half the trailing-edge angle= t/c
No separated flow
Low speeds
6.1.3.1
2.
3.

No separated flow
4. Low speeds
~-----4-------------------------------------------------------4--------------------------------4
TRANSONIC (No method)
SUPERSONIC
= -Cl
+ C2 </>TE
Eq. 6.1.3.1-e
1.--,--1 1.--,--1
I.
2.
6.1.3.1 6.1.3.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Airfoils with sharp leading and trailing edges

Symmetric, straight-sided flaps
Cc/C < 0.5
Small flap deflections
Small angles of attack
Flow field supersonic and inviscid
No separated flow
---
t-------
~<;.
c;.Q = ~ ( ---;;;
6.1.3.1
1-52
) t
6.1.3.1
Eq. 6.1.3.1-f
I.
2.
3.

Symmetric, circular-arc airfoils
cc/c < 0.5
4.
5.
6.
7.

No separated flow
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC
(two dim)

EQUATION COMPONENTS

(Datcom oodion for components indicated)
~. rk~ )~
-6
theory
6.1.3.2
--
Eq. 6.1.3.2-a
(<1t6)theory
6.1.3.2
-------------- --------- --- -- --- -- 26
I [
6.1.3.2
---
6.1.1.1
(c2 ~theory
](tan
t/JiE _
2
!)
c
Eq. 6.1.3.2-b
6.1.1.1
---
----
Eq. 6.1.3.2-c
I.
2.
3.
4.
I.

Tangent of half the trailing-edge angle= t/c
No separated flow
Low speeds
2.
3.
4.

Tangent of half the trailing-edge angle* t/c
No separated flow
Low speeds
I.
Control with nose balance
2.

No separated flow
Low speeds
- - - - -- -- - - -
-.6.1.3.2
6.1.3.2
3.
4.
~-------1-------------------------------------------------------------~--------------------------------~
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC
c.
n6
= _________..
-Cl + C2 t/JTE
..__.
Eq. 6.1.3.2-d
6.1.3.2 6.1.3.2
1------_________..
(~) ~
6.1.3.2
6.1.3.1
= -Cl
w
(two dim)
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
---- -I- - Eq. 6.1.3.2-e
SUBSONIC
Eq. 6.1.3.3-a

Symmetric, straight-sided flap
cr/c< 0.5
No separated flow
- - --- - - -- -- -------
I.
2.
3.

Symmetric, circular-arc airfoil
cr/c.;;; 0.5
4.
5.
6.
7.

No separated flow
I.
-18 .;;; 6 t .;;; I 8
2.
3.
Does not account for effects of airfoil thickness,

control-surface gaps, control nose balance, and
TE angle
Low speeds
4.
Linear hinge-moment range
1-53
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CONFIG.
SPEED
REGIME


EQUATION COMPONENTS
SUBSONIC
Eq. 6.1.3.4-a
I.
-18o.;;;sr.;;;J8o
2.
Does not account for effects of airfoil thickness,

control-surface gaps, control nose balance, and
TE angle
3.
Low speeds
4.
Linear hinge-moment range
(two dim)
4.1.3.2
SUBSONIC
[(a,
(Z)
--
Eq. 6.1.4.1-a
Kb
lcL]
-r----[---2c;- -] c2
6.1.1.1
(a 6 >c
A
+n t
.:lCL =
CL
I.
~ 6.1.4.1
6.1.4.1
4.1.!.2
.:lc2 (depends upon type of flap)
Eq. 6.1.4.1-b
c;
Sw
6. J:i .l
---
,....._,
6.1.4.1
"A,+ 2c;
[ "A +~~./ 2.01
c;
liieff
Mechanical flaps
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Not valid for low values of C 1
--I. ---- -- --- --Jet flap IBF configuration
SWf
A1 + 2 + 0.604(C;) 1 i 2 + 0.876
2.
- - -+-- - - I.
Eq. 6.1.4.1-c
2.
Sw r
3.
57.3 Sw
4.
5.
6.1.1.!
6.
Eq.6.1.4.1-e
CL
I.
c, 0
6.2.1.!
M =0.6
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1- 54
Jet flap EBF configuration

N,o trailing-edge separation
Not valid for low values of C1
0 M = 0.6
TRANSONIC
6.1.4.1
- - -- - - - - -- -- --
Plain trailing-edge flaps

{3A ;;. 2
A~< 60
7.

distribution
8.
a=
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME


EQUATION COMPONENTS
Eq. 6.1Al-f
cL,
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
I.
SUPERSONIC
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
SUBSONIC
(cLJo=O
Leading and trailing edges of the control surface

are swept ahead of Mach lines from the deflected
controls
Control root and tip chords are parallel to the
plane of symmetry
Controls are located either at the wing tip or far
enough inboard so that the outermost Mach lines
from the deflected controls do not cross the
wing tip
Innermost Mach lines from deflected con trois do
not cross the wing root chord
Wing planform has leading edges swept ahead of
Mach lines and has streamwise tips
Controls are not influenced by tip conical flow from
the opposite wing panel or by the interaction of
the wing-root Mach cone with the wing tip
Symmetric, straight-sided flaps
Nontranslating leading- and trailing-edge flaps
No separated flow on wings and flaps
(same as for unflapped wings)
4.1.3.2
3.
4.
No curved planforms
M "'0.80, t/c "'O.l,.if cranked planform with round LE
----------------- ----------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----Eq. 6.1.4.2-a
Translating leading- and trailing-edge flaps

+(cL.) =o
'---v-'
4.1.3.2
3.
4.
No curved planforms
M "'0.80, t/c"' O.l,if cranked planform with round LE
- - - - - - - - - - - 6.1.4.
-- - - - - -Eq.-6.1.4.2-b
----- - - - - - - - - --I
Jet flaps
I.
'
(CL 0 )
K(A 1, C1 ) 0 { [
'---v-'
6.1.4.2
6.1.4.2
Kb + 1.0
..__,
6. 1.4. I
CJ(COS sieff- I)
57.3
2.
(CL 0
A;;.s
),
3.
4.
5.

No curved planforms
M "'0.80, t/c "'0. I, if cranked plan form with
round LE
1-55
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC

= .6c2

EQUATION COMPONENTS
I.
Eq. 6.1.4.3-a
max
Mechanical trailing-edge flaps
6. 1. 1.3
.___
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- - - - i - - - - - - - - - 2
c
/c)
(bslat
)
1.28 (0.18 ~
cos2 Ac/4
1
.::lCLmax =
---
I.
Eq. 6. 1.4.3-b
------------------------------ - - - - -
Figure 6.1.4.3- 12
SUBSONIC
.::lCmr
= .::lCm
Slats (first-order approximation)
I.
(~) '-v-'
.::lCL tan Ac/
+ KA
'-v-'
'-v-' 1.5
6.1.5.16.1.5.1
Eq. 6.1.5.1-a
1.
2.
6.1.4.1
First-order approximation for EBF configuration
Linear-lift range
< 45
Ac/4
.::lCL (depends upon type of flap)

3.
1----------------------------AC
mr
/1.o
--
6.1.5.1
Eq. 6. 1.5.1-k
--
Mechanical flaps
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---1
I. Linear aerodynamic control characteristic region
(depends upon type of flap)
4.
C2
x/c
6.1.5.1
3.
L-- - - -
- - ------
---
I.
test
6. 1.2.1
- - - - --- -- --6.1.4.1
,_..._
ACm
TRANSONIC
Cm
= em m
~
6.1.5.1
6.1.4.3
= -CL
6
+ 1'1,
(;)
6
-.-'
c)
Az
6.1.5.1
E
k=i
{[c.
~
6. 1.5 .I
data
6.__.._,
1.5 .I 6.__.._,
1.5 .I
SK
"L
-57.3
sw
c,J
A;k }
-.-'
-.-
6.1.5.1
6. 1.5 .I
2.
3.
Mechanical leading-edge devices

Constant flap-chord-to-wing-chord ratio
Thin-airfoil theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Not valid for low values of
Eq, 6.1.5.1-
Eq. 6.1.5.1-u
Eq. 6. 1.5.lW
---------
c,.
1.
Linear aerodynamic control characteristic region
2.
3.
Plain trailing-edge flaps with sealed gap
~A;;;. 2
A~< 60
distribution
6.1.4.1 6.1.5.1
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1-56
-------- -----
--- - - --- ---
[em , (~')+C.:' - x:..E)

c
6LE
Linear-lift range
Subcritical Mach numbers
Ol
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CONFIG.
c m;
(Contd)
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
SUPERSONIC

!Datcom section for components indicated)
c m,
b, c'f
K,
-.-
Sw
C'm,
K2 2
-.- -.-
b,
sf
-f -Sw
'
-.-
x, s,
K3
-.-
6.2.1.1 6.1.5.1
6.1.5.1 6.1.5.1
6.1.5.1
C'
Sw
C'
L,

EQUATION COMPONENTS
Eq. 6.1.5.1-q
I.
2.
--...--
3.
6.1.4.1
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Linear aerodynamic control characteristic region

Symmetric straight-sided controls
Leading and trailing edges of the control surface are
swept ahead of Mach lines from the deflected
controls.
plane of symmetry
enough inboard so that outermost Mach lines from
the deflected controls do not cross the wing tip
Innermost Mach lines from deflected controls do
Con trois are not influenced by tip conical flow
from the opposite wing_ panel or by the interaction
of the wing-root Mach cone with the wing tip.
C'
15
9.
I 0.
chQ
A
SUBSONIC
ch Q
COS
A+2
11., 14
COS
11., 14
( ch Q) balance
Ll.Ch
Eq. 6.1.6.1-a
3.
4.
High aspect ratios (A > 3)

Ends of control surfaces parallel to plane of
symmetry
Neglects subcritical Mach-number effects
Sealed, plain trailing-edge controls
5.
6.
No separated flow
Low speeds
I.
Symmetric, straight-sided controls

Con:rol root and tip chords are parallel to the
plane of symmetry
Controls are not influenced by tip conical flow
from the opposite wing panel or by interaction of
the wing-root Mach cone with the wing tip.
I.
2.
6.1.6.1
6.1.3.1
Plain !>ailing-edge flaps

Thin wings
ch Q
TRANSONIC
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
(chJ,;,
= (I
'
c2
cl
-.-
6.1.6.1
q\TE)
( cho)t/c
Eq. 6.1.6.1-b
= 0
2.
6.1.6.1
3.
4.
1-57
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME

!Datcom section for components indicated)

EQUATION COMPONENTS
6.1.6.1
ch
(Contd)
w
(Contd.)
--. 't
. ,. . ,3C-~
SUPERSONIC
(Contd.)
--~L-E-_
(-,-I+--,-k-)
:-::
-AH-L)
[I + 2
ch)l~r
-c )r!}
(chJt/c o
=
6.16.1
6.1.6.1
I.
2.
Symmetric biconvex airfoil

Other limitations identical to Items 2 through 4
immediately above
l.
High aspect ratios (A > 3)

Ends of control surfaces parallel to plane of
symmetry
Neglects subcritical Mach-number effects
Sealed, plain trailing-edge flaps
6.1.6.1
Eq. 6.1.6.1-b
with different
correction factor
SUBSONIC
COS
Ac/ 4
COS AH L
COS
Ac/4
A + 2 cos A, 14
6.1.3.2
6.1.1.1
6.1.3.1
Eq. 6.1.6.2-a
~c
h,
2.
6.1.6.2
3.
4.
ch
'
5.
6.
TRANSONIC
(No method)
SUPERSONIC Ch
~ (1 - ~:
t/>TE)
6.1.6.2
~ C~,
Eq. 6.1.6.2-b
I.
2.
6. [ .6.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
--

Leading and trailing edges of the control surface
are swept ahead of Mach lines from the deflected
controls
plane of symmetry
enough inboard so that outermost Mach lines from
deflected controls do not cross the wing tip
Innermost Mach lines from deflected controls do
The wing planform has leading edges swept ahead
of Mach lines and has streamwise tips
from the opposite wing panel or by interaction of
the wing-root Mach cone with the wing tip
------
---1-
Eq. 6.1 .6.2-b

with different
correction factor
1-58
No separated flow
Low speeds
I
2.
--------~-
Symmetric biconvex airfoil

Other limitations identical to Items 2 through 7
immediately above
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
SUBSONIC

METHOD LIMITATIONS ASSOCI ATED WITH

EQUATION COMPONENTS
-2
(I - 8vn) Bkn
I.
No separated flow over control surface

Induced drag due to control deflection
G.,
G
,
G
n
v
Gn}
2.
n==l
~
6.1.7 6.1.7 6.1.7
6.J.7i6.1.7 6.1. 7
k
-2:
v= 1
(1--8 vn )B vn
Eq. 6.1.7-c
sin </Jv]
nl
6.1.7
~~
6.1. 7 6.1.7
6.1.7 6.1. 7 6.1.7
r--6.1.4.1
.-"-.
ACDmin =
Acd f
K
... ~
-....-
(AcLrY
+ K'
I.
Eq. 6.1.7-p
1rA
2.
6.1.7 6.1.4.1 6.1.7
ACL
No separated flow over control surface

Profile drag due to control deflection
TRANSONIC
SUPERSONIC
(No method)
AC 0
Eq. 6.1.7-q
wave
4.1.5.1
c,.
SUBSONIC
c,
-C'
Eq. 6.2.1.1-b
'
6.1.1.1 6.2.1.1
-------
2.
ilA;;;. 2
A~< 60
M.;;; 0.6
4.
5.
- - --- ---
---
6.
7.

I.
Plug or flap-type spoilers

No separated flow
flex.' 5
Eq. 6.2.1.1-c
6.2.1.1 6.1.1.1
--
--
( cl) s.poiler-slot-deflector
-- -- --- --- --- --- --K
6.2.1.1
(CI)plain
spoiler
6.2.1.1
No separated flow
-- -- -- - - - - -- --- -- - - - - -- --
I 6
3.
----c' -- -- -- --- --- --cI :
I.
--
0 ther limitations identical to Items I through 4

immediately above
---
---
-------------
--Eq. 6.2.1.1-f
I.
Spoiler-slot-deflector
2.
3.
4.
ilA ;;;. 2
A~< 60
M.;;; 0.6
5.
No separated flow
(C,lplain spoiler
6. Plain flap-type spoiler
1-59
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
CON FIG.
c,6
(Contd)
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
TRANSONIC

(Datcom section for components indicated,)
c,
(C 1)M=o. 6 (depends upon type of control)

Eq. 6.2.1.1-g CL
Q
I. Symmetri~ airfoils of conventional thickness
distribution
2. A ..;; 3 if composite win2
CL Q
= (CI)M=0.6
(CLQ)M =06
6.2.1.1

EQUATION COMPONENTS
4.1.3.2
3.
01=0
(CLQ)M =0.6
4. No curved planform
5. t/c..;; 0.10, if cranked planform with round LE
7]c~6
[:~ c:~)-----6.2.1.1
SUPERSONIC
c, 6
(' - c2 ~TE)
c,
~
C'
L6
sr
- Sw 2
Eq. 6.2.1.1-h
6.1.4.1
6.2.1.1
I.
2.
3.
6.1.4.1
4.
5.
6.

Leading (hinge line) and trailing edges of control
surfaces are supersonic (swept ahead of Mach lines)
Control surfaces are located at wing tip or far
enough inboard to prevent outermost Mach lines
from control surfaces from crossing wing tip
Innermost Mach lines from deflected control
surfaces do not cross root chord
Root and tip chords of control surfaces are
stream wise
from opposite wing panel or by interaction of
wing-root Mach cone with the wing tip
C/6
7.
Thin wings
8.
I.
Plug or flap-type spoilers
I.
2.
3.
Differentially deflected horizontal stabilizer

Horizontal tail mounted on body
No separated flow on horizontal tail
4.
5.
Other limitations depend upon - prediction

method
oa
C'
L6
1-------
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - - - -- -- --- -- -- -- ---- - - -
Figure 6. 2.1.1-30
SUBSONIC
c, 6
'I{
l
I -
rrAw
57.3
/2)] ~ CH)
-ae) + ivB(HJ C1Tarvr)(bHr

aa
e
~-4.4.1
4.3.1.3 4.3.1.3
--
-6.2.1.2
-YH sHe
bw Sw
--
(CL QH ) e
4.1.3.2
Eq. 6.2.1.2-a
oe
-oa
ae
(CLQJe
6.
7.
1-60
No curved planforms
M..;; 0.8, tfc..;; 0.10, if cranked planform with
round LE
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
cl,
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
T
(Contd.)
SPEED
REGIME
TRANSONIC


EQUATION COMPONENTS
I.
2.
3.
4.

M < l.O
Body-mounted horizontal tail
5.
6.
Proportional to CL
(CLH)e
7.
8.
9.

distribution
A,; 3 if composite wing
C< = 0
f - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Same as supersonic equation)

I. M > 1.0
(Same limitations as for M < 1.0 above except
those of ae;aa)
SUPERSONIC
C1
'
c.
SUBSONIC
c.
= 0.35 [ ivB(H) (21f; Vr)(bH>)

--...--
.._.,_....
4.3.1.3 4.3.!.3
+(
~H(B).,. kB(H)) l (CN"H)e
4.3.1.2
Eq. 6.2.1.2-c
3.
...._,_,
4.1.3.2
K
~
6.2.2.1
CL
cl
Eq. 6.2.2.1-a
..__..,
'
6.2.1.1
--- - - --- - - ----
4.
5.
6.
7.

M ;;;. 1.4 for straight-tapered planforms
1.2 ,; M ,; 3 for double-delta planforms
1.0 ,.;;; M ,.;;; 3 for curved plan forms
1.
2.
3.
Aileron-type controls
No separated flow
Neglects contributions due to profile drag
4.
5.
/3A ;;;. 2
A~ < 60
6.
7.
8.
No beveled TE
No compressibility effect
M..; 0.6
l.
2.
3.
Plug and flap-type spoilers

0.02,; 6,/c,; 0.10
C< = 0
1.
2.
3.
Spoiler-slot-deflector
C< = 0
6,16d = 1.0
----- ---------
Figures 6.2.2.1-10, 6.2.2.1-11
-----(Cn) spoiler-slot-deflector =

Body-mounted horizontal tail
(CN"H)e
(6L - 6R)
=
l.
2.
- - _.,____ -- -- - - -- -K
6.2.2.1
Eq. 6.2.2.1-b
6.2.2.1
- - -----
-- -- ---
(Cn) plain spoile.
4.
Plain, flap-type spoiler

1-61
METHODS SUMMARY
DERIVATIVE
c.
(Contd.)
CON FIG.
SPEED
REGIME
TRANSONIC
(Contd.)

C0

EQUATION COMPONENTS
Eq. 6.2.2.k
(Cn )M =0.6
1. Aileron-type controls
2.
6.2.2.1
3.
4.1.3.2
4.
5.
6.
7.
{JA ;;. 2
A~ < 60"
No beveled TE
No separated flow
Neglects contributions due to profile drag
(CLn)M =06
8.
9.

distribution
0
10.
"'=
~------~~--------------------------------------------------~----------~-----------------------------------SUPERSONIC
Figure 6.2.2.1-13
---- -- -- --- --- --- -- --F~ure
1-62
ALL SPEEDS
6.2.2.1-14
(No method)
--- ---
--
---
-- -- --- --
I. Aileron-type controls
2. Neglects contributions due to profile drag
f---- ------------1.
Plug and flap-type spoilers

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.

USAF STABILITY AND CONTROL DATCOM

REVISED APRIL 197 8

FLI<{HT C0:Nr,IWL DIVISION

4.3-, 5-, 664-

GUIDE TO DATCOM and METHODS SUMMARY

Plan form Parameters

Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Lift

Lift Increment Due to Fuselage-Mounted Store Installations

Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Drag

Drag Due to Lift

Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Neutral Point

Effect of External Stores on Aircraft Side Force

CHARACTERISTICS AT ANGLE OF ATTACK

Wings at Angle of Attack

Section Zero-Lift Angle of A !tack

Section Zero-Lift Pitching Moment

Wing Zero-Lift Angle of Attack

Wing Pitching-Moment-Curve Slope

*Subjects for Future Additions

Wing Pitching Moment in the Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Range

Body Pitching Moment

Wing-Body Zero-Lift Pitching Moment

Wing-Body Zero-Lift Drag

Wing-Wing Combinations at Angle of Attack

Wing-Body-Tail Combinations at Angle of Attack

Wing-Body-Tail Lift-Curve Slope

Power Effects on Drag at Angle of Attack

Ground Effects at Angle of Attack

Ground Effects on Lift Variation with Angle of Attack

*Ground Effects on Maximum Lift

Ground Effects on Pitching-Moment Variation with Angle of Attack

Wing, Wing-Body Normal Force

Wing, Wing-Body Zero-Normal-Force Angle of Attack

Wing Sideslip Derivative Cn(j

Wing-Body Sideslip Qerivative Ct in the Linear Angle-of-Attack Range

*Wing-Body Rolling-Moment Coefficient Ct at Angle of Attack

Tail-Body Sideslip Derivative Cy

Flow Fields in Sideslip

Wing-Body Wake and Sidewash in Sideslip

Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Ky .6

Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings and Wing-Body Combinations in Sideslip

Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Kv at Zero Normal Force

Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative

Variation with Angle of Attack

Wing, Wing-Body Sideslip Derivative Ki.a Near Zero Normal Force

HingeMoment Derivative Ch of High Lift and Control Devices

Wing Dynamic Derivatives

Wing Pitching Derivative Coq

Wing Yawing Derivative Cyr

Body Dynamic Derivatives

Wing Rolling Derivatives

Body Acceleration Derivative CL&

Wing-Body Rolling Derivative Cyp

Wing-Body Yawing Derivative Cy r

Wing-Body-Tail Derivative Coa

Wing-Body-Tail Derivative Ctp

Wing-Body Rolling Derivative Cnp