Implementing Server Virtualization

with Hyper-V

Module 1: Implementing Server Virtualization

with Hyper-V

Lesson 1: Overview of Virtualization

Lesson 2: Implementing Hyper-V
Lesson 3: Managing Virtual Machine Storage
Lesson 4: Managing Virtual Networks

Module Review and Takeaways

Lab Review Questions and Answers Technologies

Lesson 1: Overview of Virtualization

Technologies
Server Virtualization
What Is Windows Azure?
Desktop Virtualization
Presentation Virtualization
What Is Microsoft Application Virtualization?

Server Virtualization
Benefits of server virtualization with Hyper-V:
Invisible to users
Guest machines can use different operating systems
More efficient use of hardware
Service and application isolation
Workload consolidation
Simplifies server deployment by using:
Virtual machine templates
Virtual machine self-service portals

What Is Windows Azure?

Windows Azure is a cloud-based platform for hosting virtual machines and
applications
You pay only for the resources that you use
You can increase and decrease capacity automatically and swiftly
You can use Windows Azure to:
Host websites
Host production applications
Host virtual machines
Test proof-of-concept solutions

Desktop Virtualization
Desktop virtualization includes the following technologies:
Client (Local) Hyper-V
VDI
RemoteFX allow virtual machines to display rich graphics and video capabilities
RemoteFX requires:
GPU that supports DirectX 9.0c or later
CPU that supports SLAT

Presentation Virtualization
Differences between desktop virtualization and presentation virtualization
Desktop virtualization:
Users are assigned their own virtual machines that are running a client
operating system
The desktop and apps run within virtual machines
Presentation virtualization:
Users sign in and run separate sessions on the server
The desktop and apps run on the host server
Presentation virtualization technologies include:
Remote Desktop Services
Full Desktop with RDC
Applications using RemoteApp
Remote Access through RD Gateway

What Is Microsoft Application Virtualization?

Benefits of App-V
Application isolation
Incompatible applications can run on the same server
Application streaming
Application deployment is quicker
Application portability
Applications can follow users across multiple computers
UE-V
Application and operating system settings follow users across multiple
computers

Lesson 2: Implementing Hyper-V

What Is Hyper-V?
Hardware Requirements for Hyper-V
Virtual Machine Hardware
What Is Dynamic Memory?
Configuring Virtual Machine Integration Services
Configuring Virtual Machine Start and Stop Actions
Hyper-V Resource Metering
Whats New with Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 R2

What Is Hyper-V?
Hyper-V:
Is the hardware virtualization role in Windows Server 2012
Gives virtual machine guests direct access to the hosts hardware
Compatible Windows Server operating systems:
Windows Server 2012
Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012

Hardware Requirements for Hyper-V

Factors to consider when planning hardware for servers running Hyper-V:
Processor characteristics
Must have an x64 platform that supports hardware assisted virtualization
and Data Execution Protection
Processing capacity
Memory
Storage subsystem performance
Network throughput (typically multiple NICs)

Virtual Machine Hardware

Virtual machines have the following
simulated hardware by default:

You can add the following hardware

to a virtual machine:

BIOS
Memory
Processor
IDE Controller 0 and 1
SCSI Controller
Synthetic Network Adapter
COM 1 and 2
Diskette Drive

SCSI Controller (up to 4)

Network Adapter
Legacy Network Adapter
Fibre Channel adapter
RemoteFX 3D video adapter

What Is Dynamic Memory?

Dynamic Memory settings for a virtual machine

Configuring Virtual Machine Integration

Services
Possible integration services:
Operating system shutdown
Time synchronization
Data exchange
Heartbeat
Backup (volume snapshot)
Enhanced session mode allows a connection to a vitual machine
that is similar to remote desktop because it:
Enables device redirection
Uses a shared clipboard
Enables folder redirection

Configuring Virtual Machine Start and Stop

Actions
Possible automatic start actions:
Nothing
Automatically start if it was running when the service stopped
Always start this virtual machine automatically
Possible automatic stop actions:
Save the virtual machine state
Turn off the virtual machine
Shut down the guest operating system

Hyper-V Resource Metering

Parameters that you can measure with resource metering:
Average CPU use
Average physical memory use, including:
Minimum memory use
Maximum memory use

Maximum disk space allocation

Incoming network traffic for a network adapter
Outgoing network traffic for a network adapter

Whats New with Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 R2

New or improved Feature
New to
Windows Server 2012 R2

Shared virtual hard disk

Automatic virtual machine activation
Enhanced session mode
Storage quality of service
Virtual machine generation

Improved in
Windows Server 2012 R2

Resize virtual hard disk

Live migration
Failover Clustering
Integration services
Export
Replica
Linux support
Management

Lesson 3: Managing Virtual Machine Storage

What Is a Virtual Hard Disk?
What Is SMB 3.0
Creating Virtual Disk Types
Managing Virtual Hard Disks
Reducing Storage Needs with Differencing Virtual Hard Disks
Using Checkpoints

What Is a Virtual Hard Disk?

VHDX format has the following benefits over the VHD format:
The disks can be larger (64 TB versus 2 TB)
The disk is less likely to become corrupted
The format supports better alignment when deployed to a large sector disk
The format supports larger block size for dynamic and differencing disks
Shared Virtual Hard Disks can be used by multiple virtual machines
Storage QoS allows you to limit virtual hard disk IOPS

What Is SMB 3.0

SMB 3.0 can be used as shared storage to host highly available virtual machines
The following features of SMB 3.0 are useful when supporting highly-available
virtual machines:
SMB Transparent Failover
SMB Scale Out
SMB Multichannel
SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA)
SMB Encryption
VSS for SMB File Shares

Creating Virtual Disk Types

Fixed-size virtual hard disks vs.
dynamic virtual hard disks

100 GB used
600 GB allocated
600 GB fixed-size disk

100 GB used
100 GB allocated
600 GB dynamic disk

Managing Virtual Hard Disks

The following are maintenance operations you can perform on virtual hard
disks:

Convert from fixed to dynamic

Convert from dynamic to fixed
Convert from VHD to VHDX format
Convert from VHDX to VHD format
Shrink a dynamic virtual hard disk
Expand a dynamic or fixed virtual hard disk

Reducing Storage Needs with Differencing Virtual

Hard Disks
When using differencing disks, you:
Can reduce space that is used by storage, but at the cost of performance
Can link multiple differencing disks to a single parent disk
Cannot modify the parent disk
Can use the Inspect Disk tool to reconnect a differencing disk to a missing parent

Using Checkpoints
A checkpoint is a static image of the data on a virtual machine at a given moment
Checkpoints are not replacements for backup
You can perform a virtual machine export of a checkpoint

When you create a checkpoint, Hyper-V writes differencing virtual hard disk
When you apply a checkpoint, the virtual machine reverts to the configuration as
it existed at the time the checkpoint was created

Using Checkpoints
A checkpoint is made every day

Using Checkpoints
A checkpoint is made every day
A problem is found after Tuesdays checkpoint is made

Using Checkpoints
A checkpoint is made every day
A problem is found after Tuesdays checkpoint is made
To solve the problem, revert back to the Monday checkpoint

Using Checkpoints
A checkpoint is made every day
A problem is found after Tuesdays checkpoint is made
To solve the problem, revert back to the Monday checkpoint
The problem is solved, the next checkpoint is made Wednesday

Lesson 4: Managing Virtual Networks

What Is a Virtual Switch?
What are Virtual Local Area Networks
Virtual Switch Extensions
Managing Virtual Machine MAC Addresses
Configuring Virtual Network Adapters
Network Adapter Advanced Features
What Is NIC teaming?

What Is a Virtual Switch?

Hyper-V on Windows Server 2012 R2 supports the following three types of
virtual switches:
External - Used to map a network to a specific network adapter or network
adapter team
Internal - Used to communicate between the virtual machines on the host and
between the virtual machines and the host itself
Private - Used to communicate between virtual
machines, but not between the virtual machines and the host itself

VLAN IDs are used to extend VLANs within the hosts network switch to VLANS
on the external network

What are Virtual Local Area Networks

When you use Virtual Local Area Networks, you can:
Logically segment network traffic running on the same physical and
virtual networks
Configure tagging on each virtual switch
Configure tagging on each virtual network adapter
Note that host NICs must support VLAN tagging

Virtual Switch Extensions

Virtual Switch Extensions enable third-party vendors to create
virtual switches
You can manage virtual switches by using the same toolset that
you use to manage physical switches

Managing Virtual Machine MAC Addresses

Virtual Switch Manager Window

Configuring Virtual Network Adapters

Properties of a network adapter:
Virtual Switch
VLAN ID
Bandwidth Management
Features of a virtual network adapter:
MAC address allocation
DHCP Guard
Router Guard
Port Mirroring
NIC Teaming

Network Adapter Advanced Features

Virtual Machine Queue delivers network traffic directly to the guest
IPsec task offloading enables the hosts network adapter to perform
calculation-intensive security association tasks

SR-IOV enables multiple virtual machines to share the same Peripheral

Component Interconnect (PCI) Express physical hardware resources
vRSS balances the network processing across multiple virtual processor cores
in a virtual machine

What Is NIC teaming?

NIC Teaming:
Provides redundancy and aggregates bandwidth
Is supported at the host and virtual machine level
NIC Teaming in virtual machines:
Requires multiple virtual network adapters
Must be enabled on virtual network adapters
Can then be implemented in virtual machine OS (if supported)

Lab: Implementing Server Virtualization with

Hyper-V
Exercise 1: Installing the Hyper-V Role onto a Server
Exercise 2: Configuring Virtual Networking
Exercise 3: Creating and Configuring a Virtual Machine
Exercise 4: Using Virtual Machine Checkpoints

Logon Information
Virtual machine *20410C-LON-HOST1
User name
*Adatum\Administrator
Password
Pa$$w0rd
Estimated Time: 75 minutes

Lab Scenario
Your assignment is to configure a virtual network and a new virtual machine
To use the server hardware that is available more effectively, your manager has
decided that some servers will run as virtual machines..

Lab Review Questions and Answers

What type of virtual network switch would you create if you wanted to
allow the virtual machine to communicate with the LAN that is connected to
the Hyper-V virtualization server?
How can you ensure that no one single virtual machine uses all available
bandwidth provided by the Hyper-V virtualization server?

What Dynamic Memory configuration task was not possible on previous

versions of Hyper-V, but which you can now perform on a virtual machine
that is hosted on the Hyper-V role on a Windows Server 2012 R2 server?

Question and Answers

Creating Virtual Disk Types
Question: Why might you consider using fixed virtual hard disks instead of dynamically
expanding virtual hard disks?
Answer: You might want to use fixed virtual hard disks instead of dynamically
expanding virtual hard disks when:
You want to maintain control over the growth of virtual hard disks.
You want to pre-allocate storage.
Question: In what situations might you encounter difficulties if you use dynamically
expanding disks?
Answer: It is easy to place multiple dynamically expanding disks on the same volume.
They can then grow and consume the volume.

Module Review and Takeaways

Review Questions
Best Practices
Common Issues and Troubleshooting Tips
Tools Review Questions

Review Questions
Question: In which situations should you use a fixed memory allocation instead of
Dynamic Memory?
Question: In which situations must you use virtual hard disks with the new .vhdx
format, instead of virtual hard disks with the old .vhd format?

Question: You want to deploy a Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V virtual machines
virtual hard disk on a file share. What operating system must the file server be
running to support this configuration?

Thank You