Geometric Trig SL
R
1. The diagram below shows triangle PQR. The length of [PQ] is 7 cm, the length of [PR] is 10 cm, and PQ
is 75.
(a)
R.
Find PQ
(b)
Find the area of triangle PQR.
C =
2. The diagram below shows a circle centre O, with radius r. The length of arc ABC is 3 cm and AO
(a)
Find the value of r.
(b)
Find the perimeter of sector OABC.
(c)
Find the area of sector OABC.
3. The following diagram shows a semicircle centre O,
diameter [AB], with radius 2.
B =
Let P be a point on the circumference, with PO
radians.
(a)
Find the area of the triangle OPB, in terms of .
(b)
Explain why the area of triangle OPA is the same
as the area triangle OPB.
2
.
9
Let S be the total area of the two segments shaded in
the diagram below.
(c)
Show that S = 2( 2 sin ).
(d)
Find the value of when S is a local minimum.
(e)
Find a value of for which S has its greatest
value.
D
4. The following diagram shows a pentagon ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm, BD = 7.1 cm, AE
E = 52 and AB
D = 60.
=110, AD
(c)
2
C.
The area of triangle BCD is 5.68 cm . Find DB
(a)
Find AD.
(b)
Find DE.
(d)
Find AC.
(e)
Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.
5. The following diagram shows the triangle AOP, where OP = 2 cm, AP = 4 cm and AO = 3 cm.
A
d ia g r a m n o t to
s c a le
O
(a)
P
P , giving your answer in radians.
Calculate AO
The following diagram shows two circles which intersect at the points A and B. The smaller circle C1 has
centre O and radius 3 cm, the larger circle C2 has centre P and radius 4 cm, and OP = 2 cm. The point D
lies on the circumference of C1 and E on the circumference of C2.Triangle AOP is the same as triangle
AOP in the diagram above.
A
C
C
O
d ia g r a m n o t to
s c a le
(b)
B , giving your answer in radians.
Find AO
(c)
Given that APB is 1.63 radians, calculate the area of
(i)
(d)
sector PAEB;
(ii)
sector OADB.
2
The area of the quadrilateral AOBP is 5.81 cm .
(i)
Find the area of AOBE.
(ii)
Hence find the area of the shaded region AEBD.
6. The following diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius r cm, and angle at the centre. The perimeter of
the sector is 20 cm.
20 2r
.
r
(a)
Show that =
(b)
The area of the sector is 25 cm . Find the value of r.
7. The following diagram shows two semi-circles. The larger one has centre O and radius 4 cm. The smaller one
has centre P, radius 3 cm, and passes through O. The line (OP) meets the larger semi-circle at S. The
semi-circles intersect at Q.
(a)
(b)
(i)
Explain why OPQ is an isosceles triangle.
(ii)
Use the cosine rule to show that cos OPQ =
(iii)
Hence show that sin OPQ =
(iv)
Find the area of the triangle OPQ.
1
.
9
80
.
9
Consider the smaller semi-circle, with centre P.
(i)
Write down the size of OPQ.
(ii)
Calculate the area of the sector OPQ.
(c)
Consider the larger semi-circle, with centre O. Calculate the area of the sector QOS.
(d)
Hence calculate the area of the shaded region.
2
8. (a) Let y = 16x + 160x 256. Given that y has a maximum value, find
(i)
the value of x giving the maximum value of y;
(ii)
this maximum value of y.
The triangle XYZ has XZ = 6, YZ = x, XY = z as shown below. The perimeter of triangle XYZ is 16.
(b)
(i)
Express z in terms of x.
(ii)
Using the cosine rule, express z in terms of x and cos Z.
(iii)
Hence, show that cos Z =
5 x 16
.
3x
Let the area of triangle XYZ be A.
2
(c)
Show that A = 9x sin Z.
(d)
Hence, show that A = 16x + 160x 256.
(e)
(i)
Hence, write down the maximum area for triangle XYZ.
(ii)
What type of triangle is the triangle with maximum area?
D = 25, BAD =.
9. The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 4, AD = 8, CD =12, B C
(a)
Use the cosine rule to show that BD = 4 5 4 cos .
Let = 40.
(b)
(c)
(i)
D.
Find the value of sin CB
(ii)
D.
Find the two possible values for the size of CB
(iii)
D is an acute angle, find the perimeter of ABCD.
Given that CB
Find the area of triangle ABD.
10. The diagram shows a triangular region formed by a hedge [AB], a part of a river bank [AC] and a fence
C is 29. The end of the fence, point C, can be positioned
[BC]. The hedge is 17 m long and BA
anywhere along the river bank.
(a)
Given that point C is 15 m from A, find the length of the fence [BC].
15 m
riv e r b a n k
29
17 m
B
(b)
The farmer has another, longer fence. It is possible for him to enclose two different triangular
C is 85.
regions with this fence. He places the fence so that AB
(i)
Find the distance from A to C.
(ii)
Find the area of the region ABC with the fence in this position.
(c)
To form the second region, he moves the fencing so that point C is closer to point A.
Find the new distance from A to C.
(d)
Find the minimum length of fence [BC] needed to enclose a triangular region ABC.
Solutions:
1. (a) choosing sine rule
(M1)
correct substitution
sin R sin 75
7
10
A1
sin R = 0.676148...
PRQ = 42.5
(b)
A1
P = 180 75 R
P = 62.5
(A1)
substitution into any correct formula
eg area PQR =
A1
1
7 10 sin (their P)
2
= 31.0 (cm )
A1
2. (a) evidence of appropriate approach
M1
eg 3 = r
(b)
(c)
N2
N2
2
9
r =13.5 (cm)
A1
N1
adding two radii plus 3 (M1)
perimeter = 27+3 (cm) (= 36.4)
A1
N2
evidence of appropriate approach
eg
M1
1
2
13.5 2
2
9
2
area = 20.25 (cm ) (= 63.6)
3. (a) evidence of using area of a triangle
(M1)
1
eg A 2 2 sin
2
A = 2 sin
(b)
A1
N2
METHOD 1
A =
PO
1
2 2 sin (= 2 sin ( ))
2
since sin ( ) = sin
then both triangles have the same area
area OPA =
(A1)
A1
R1
AG
N0
R3
AG
N0
METHOD 2
triangle OPA has the same height and the same base as triangle OPB
then both triangles have the same area
(c)
(d)
1
2
2 2 A1
2
area APB = 2 sin + 2 sin (= 4 sin )
S = area of semicircle area APB (= 2 4 sin )
S = 2( 2 sin )
area semi-circle =
A1
M1
AG
N0
METHOD 1
attempt to differentiate
(M1)
ds
4 cos
d
setting derivative equal to 0
(M1)
eg
correct equation
A1
eg 4 cos = 0, cos = 0, 4 cos = 0
4. (a) Evidence of choosing cosine rule
2
(M1)
eg a = b + c 2bc cos A
Correct substitution
2
A1
2
eg (AD) = 7.1 + 9.2 2(7.1) (9.2) cos 60
2
(AD) = 69.73
AD = 8.35 (cm)
(b)
A1
N2
180 162 = 18 (A1)
Evidence of choosing sine rule
Correct substitution
eg
(M1)
A1
8.35
DE
=
sin 110
sin 18
DE = 2.75 (cm)
(c)
(A1)
A1
N2
Setting up equation (M1)
eg
1
1
ab sin C = 5.68,
bh = 5.68
2
2
Correct substitution
eg 5.68 =
A1
1
C , 1 3.2 h = 5.68, (h = 3.55)
(3.2) (7.1) sin DB
2
2
C = 0.5
sin DB
C 30 and/or 150
DB
(A1)
A1
N2
(d)
C (60 + D B
C)
Finding A B
(A1)
Using appropriate formula
2
(M1)
eg (AC) = (AB) + (BC) , (AC) = (AB) + (BC) 2 (AB)
(BC) cos ABC
C)
Correct substitution (allow FT on their seen AB
2
A1
AC = 9.74 (cm)
A1
eg (AC) = 9.2 + 3.2
(e)
For finding area of triangle ABD
Correct substitution Area =
N3
(M1)
1
9.2 7.1 sin 60
2
= 28.28...
A1
A1
Area of ABCD = 28.28... + 5.68
(M1)
= 34.0 (cm )
A1
N3
5. (a) METHOD 1
Evidence of using the cosine rule
eg cos C =
(M1)
a2 b2 c2 2
, a b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
2ab
Correct substitution
P =
eg cos AO
32 2 2 4 2 2 2
P
, 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 cos AO
2 3 2
A1
P = 0.25
cos AO
26
P = 1.82
(radians)
AO
45
A1
N2
METHOD 2
Area of AOBP = 5.81 (from part (d))
Area of triangle AOP = 2.905
(M1)
P
2.9050 = 0.5 2 3 sin AO
A1
P = 1.32 or 1.82
AO
26
P = 1.82
(radians)
AO
45
(b)
B = 2( 1.82)
AO
(= 2 3.64)
A1
(A1)
N2
38
(radians)
= 2.64
45
(c)
(i)
A1
Appropriate method of finding area
eg area =
N2
(M1)
1 2
r
2
Area of sector PAEB =
1 2
4 1.63
2
A1
= 13.0 (cm )
(accept the exact value 13.04)
(ii)
Area of sector OADB =
A1
1 2
3 2.64
2
A1
= 11.9 (cm )
(d)
(i)
A1
Area AOBE = Area PAEB Area AOBP (= 13.0 5.81)
Area shaded = Area OADB Area AOBE (= 11.9 7.19)
= 4.71 (accept answers between 4.63 and 4.72)
6. (a) For using perimeter = r + r + arc length
(b)
20 2r
r
Finding A =
10r r
2
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
A1
Using cos rule correctly eg cos OPQ =
32 32 4 2
2 3 3
(A1)
A1
N2
R1
AG
N0
(M1)
cos OPQ =
9 9 16
2
18
18
A1
cos OPQ =
1
9
AG
2
Evidence of using sin A + cos A = 1
N0
M1
OP = PQ (= 3cm)
So OPQ is isosceles
N1
(A1)
For setting up equation in r
Correct simplified equation, or sketch
2
2
eg 10r r = 25, r 10r + 25 = 0
r = 5 cm
7.
M1
AG
1 2 20 2r
r
2
r
N1
(M1)
A1
20 = 2r + r
N1
M1
= 7.19 (accept 7.23 from the exact answer for PAEB) A1
(ii)
N2
M1
N0
sin OPQ = 1
80
81
AG
1
OP PQ sin P
2
Evidence of using area triangle OPQ =
eg
80
2
20
4.47
OPQ = 1.46
Evidence of using formula for area of a sector
eg Area sector OPQ =
P =
QO
N1
A1
N1
1 2
3 1.4594
2
1.4594
0.841
2
Area sector QOS =
A1
N2
(A1)
1 2
4 0.841
2
A1
= 6.73
(d)
A1
(M1)
= 6.57
(c)
M1
OPQ = 1.4594...
(i)
(ii)
N0
1
80 9
3 3
, 0.9938
2
9 2
Area triangle OPQ =
(b)
A1
80
9
sin OPQ =
(iv)
1
81
Area of small semi-circle is 4.5 (= 14.137...)
A1
N2
A1
Evidence of correct approach
eg Area = area of semi-circle area sector OPQ area sector QOS +
area triangle POQ
M1
Correct expression
eg 4.5 6.5675... 6.7285... + 4.472..., 4.5 (6.7285... + 2.095...),
A1
4.5 (6.5675... + 2.256...)
Area of the shaded region = 5.31
8. (a) METHOD 1
Note:
There are many valid algebraic approaches
to this problem (eg completing the square,
b
) . Use the following mark
using x
2a
allocation as a guide.
A1
N1
(i)
(ii)
dy
0
dx
Using
(M1)
32x + 160 = 0
A1
x=5
A1
N2
A1
N1
ymax = 16(5 ) + 160(5) 256
ymax = 144
METHOD 2
(i)
(b)
Sketch of the correct parabola (may be seen in part (ii))
M1
x=5
A2
N2
(ii)
ymax = 144
A1
N1
(i)
z = 10 x
A1
N1
(ii)
z = x + 6 2 x 6 cos Z
A2
N2
(iii)
Substituting for z into the expression in part (ii)
(accept x + z = 10)
2
Expanding 100 20x + x = x + 36 12x cos Z
A1
Simplifying 12x cos Z = 20x 64
A1
Isolating cos Z =
20 x 64
12 x
5 x 16
3x
Note: Expanding, simplifying and isolating may
be done in any order, with the final A1
being awarded for an expression that
clearly leads to the required answer.
cos Z =
(c)
A1
AG
N0
Evidence of using the formula for area of a triangle
1
A 6 x sin Z M1
2
A 3x sin Z A 2 3 6 x 2 sin 2 Z
4
A = 9x sin Z
(d)
(M1)
AG
2
Using sin Z = 1 cos Z
Substituting
A1
(A1)
5 x 16
for cos Z
3x
5 x 16
for expanding
3x
25 x 2 160 x 256
9x 2
to
A1
A1
N0
for simplifying to an expression that clearly leads to the required answer A1
2
eg A = 9x (25x 160x + 256)
2
A = 16x + 160x 256
(e)
(i)
AG
2
144 (is maximum value of A , from part (a))
A1
Amax = 12
A1
N1
Isosceles
A1
N1
9. (a) For correct substitution into cosine rule
A1
(ii)
4 2 8 2 2 4 8 cos
BD =
For factorizing 16, BD = 16 5 4 cos
= 4 5 4 cos
(b)
(i)
BD = 5.5653 ...
(accept 0.910, subject to AP)
D = 65.7
CB
D = 180 their acute angle
Or CB
= 114
A1
N2
A1
N1
(M1)
A1
C = 89.3
BD
N2
(A1)
BC
5.5653
BC
12
or
(or cosine rule)
sin 89.3 sin 25 sin 89.3 sin 65.7
BC = 13.2
N0
M1A1
D = 0.911
sin CB
(iii)
AG
(A1)
D sin 25
sin CB
12
5.5653
(ii)
A1
(accept 13.17)
M1A1
A1
Perimeter = 4 + 8 + 12 + 13.2
= 37.2
(c)
Area =
A1
N2
1
4 8 sin 40 A1
2
= 10.3
10. (a)
2
2
2
for using cosine rule a b c 2ab cos C
(M1)
BC 2 152 17 2 2 15 17 cos 29
(A1)
BC 8.24 m
(A1) (N0)
Notes: Either the first or the second line may be implied, but not both.
Award no marks if 8.24 is obtained by assuming a right (angled)
triangle (BC = 17 sin 29).
(i)
29
17
85
B
A C$B 180 (29 85) 66o
for using sine rule (may be implied)
(M1)
AC
17
o
sin85 sin 66o
AC
(A1)
17sin85o
sin 66o
AC (18.5380K ) 18.5 m
(ii)
Area
(A1) (N2)
1
17 18.538... sin 29o
2
(A1)
2
76.4 m 2 (Accept 76.2 m )
(c)
(A1) (N1)
B from previous triangle 66o
AC
180 66 114o (or 29 85)
Therefore alternative ACB
(A1)
180 (29 114) 37o
ABC
A
29
114
17
37
B
AC
17
o
sin 37 sin114o
AC (11.19906K ) 11.2 m
(M1)(A1)
(A1) (N1)
(d)
29
17
B
B = 90or diagram
Minimum length for BC when AC
showing right triangle
sin 29o
(M1)
CB
17
CB 17sin 29o
CB (8.2417K ) 8.24 m
(A1) (N1)
