Plant Transport Test

Q14
(a) Complete the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
For
Examiner's
Use
light
+
[3]
chlorophyll
A student investigated the effect of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide on the
rate of photosynthesis of Cabomba, an aquatic plant.
Fig. 4.1 shows the apparatus that the student used.
lamp
syringe
gas bubble
sodium hydrogencarbonate
(NaHCO3) solution
Cabomba
plastic tubing
meniscus
ruler
capillary tubing
Fig. 4.1
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the water surrounding the plant was changed by
adding different concentrations of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution to the water.
The student recorded the time taken for the meniscus to travel 50 mm down the tubing.
The rate of photosynthesis was calculated as:
rate of photosynthesis = 1000
t
where t = time taken in seconds for the meniscus to travel 50 mm.
[Turn over
The students results are shown in Table 4.1.
For
Examiner's
Use
Table 4.1
concentration of sodium
hydrogencarbonate
solution / mol per dm3
t, time taken for meniscus

to travel 50 mm / s
rate of photosynthesis
(1000/t)
0.00
4998
0.20
0.01
2500
0.40
0.02
1175
0.85
0.05
350
2.86
0.07
201
0.10
199
(b) Calculate the rate of photosynthesis for

hydrogencarbonate solution of 0.07 mol per dm3.
5.03
the
concentration
of
sodium
Write your answer in Table 4.1. [1]

(c) (i) Explain why the lamp must be kept at a fixed distance from the syringe.
[2]
(ii) Explain what caused the meniscus to move down the capillary tubing.
[2]
15
(d) Fig. 4.2 is a partially completed graph of the students results.
Complete the graph by labelling the axes, adding the missing point and drawing a
suitable line.
6.0
5.0
4.0
..............................
..............................
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
..................................................
Fig. 4.2
[3]
For
Examiner's
Use
(e) Explain, using the term limiting factors, the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on
the rate of photosynthesis as shown by the students results.
You will gain credit for using the data in the table and the graph to answer the question.
[5]
[Total: 16]
For
Examiner's
Use
Q2
The image below shows some cells on the lower surface of a leaf.
Stefan Diller/Science Photo Library
(a)
What are the cells labelled X called?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.
guard cells
palisade cells
mesophyll cells
(1)
(b)
Water loss by evaporation from leaves is called transpiration.

A student set up an experiment to investigate water loss from leaves.
The student:
took two leaves, A and B, from a plant
put Vaseline (grease) on both sides of Leaf B; did nothing to Leaf A
wrote down the mass of each leaf
attached the leaves onto a string as shown in the diagram below.
Leaf A
(no treatment)
Leaf B
(both surfaces covered
in Vaseline)
left the leaves for 48 hours
wrote down the mass of each leaf again
calculated the percentage (%) change in mass for each leaf.
(i)
Give one variable that the student controlled in this investigation.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
The mass of Leaf A was 1.60 g at the start of the investigation. After 48 hours it was
1.28 g.
Calculate the % decrease in mass over 48 hours.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
% decrease = .....................................
(2)
(c)
Vaseline blocks the stomata.

The % change in mass of Leaf B was less than Leaf A after 48 hours.
Explain why.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
Give three environmental conditions that would increase transpiration.

1 ......................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
3 ......................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Q3
The diagram below shows a cross-section of a plant root. The transport tissues are labelled.
(a)
(i)
What is tissue A?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
cuticle
epidermis
xylem
(1)
(ii)
Name two substances transported by tissue A.

1 .............................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Phloem is involved in a process called translocation.

(i)
What is translocation?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Explain why translocation is important to plants.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Plants must use active transport to move some substances from the soil into root hair
cells.
(i)
Active transport needs energy.

Which part of the cell releases most of this energy?
Tick () one box.
mitochondria
nucleus
ribosome
(1)
(ii)
Explain why active transport is necessary in root hair cells.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q4
(a)
Plants exchange substances with the environment.

Plant roots absorb water mainly by osmosis.
Plant roots absorb ions mainly by active transport.
Explain why roots need to use the two different methods to absorb water and ions.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(4)
(b)
What is meant by the transpiration stream?

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(3)
(c)
Students investigated the loss of water vapour from leaves.

The students:
cut some leaves off a plant
measured the mass of these leaves every 30 minutes for 180 minutes.
The graph shows the students results.
(i)
The rate of mass loss in the first 30 minutes was 7 milligrams per gram of leaf per
minute.
Calculate the rate of mass loss between 30 minutes and 180 minutes.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Rate of mass loss = .............................. milligrams per gram of leaf per minute
(2)
(ii)
The rate of mass loss between 0 and 30 minutes was very different from the rate of
mass loss between 30 and 180 minutes.
Suggest an explanation for the difference between the two rates.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Q5
Q4.
The photograph shows part of the surface of a plant root. This part of the root is covered
with hundreds of structures like the one labelled X.
(a)
What is the name of structure X?

Draw a ring around one answer.
root hair
stoma
villus
(1)
(b)
(i)
Use the scale to measure the length YZ on the photograph.

On the photograph, length YZ = .................................... mm.
(1)
(ii)
The photograph shows the root magnified 100 times.

Calculate the actual length YZ.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Actual length YZ = ........................................mm.
(2)
(iii)
Structure X is very small. There are thousands of structures like X on a plant root.
How does this help the plant?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

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Q14

(a) Complete the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

The students results are shown in Table 4.1.

t, time taken for meniscus

(b) Calculate the rate of photosynthesis for

Write your answer in Table 4.1. [1]

Stefan Diller/Science Photo Library

What are the cells labelled X called?

Water loss by evaporation from leaves is called transpiration.

took two leaves, A and B, from a plant

put Vaseline (grease) on both sides of Leaf B; did nothing to Leaf A

wrote down the mass of each leaf

attached the leaves onto a string as shown in the diagram below.

left the leaves for 48 hours

wrote down the mass of each leaf again

calculated the percentage (%) change in mass for each leaf.

Give one variable that the student controlled in this investigation.

Vaseline blocks the stomata.

Give three environmental conditions that would increase transpiration.

Name two substances transported by tissue A.

Phloem is involved in a process called translocation.

Explain why translocation is important to plants.

Active transport needs energy.

Explain why active transport is necessary in root hair cells.

Plants exchange substances with the environment.

What is meant by the transpiration stream?

Students investigated the loss of water vapour from leaves.

cut some leaves off a plant

The graph shows the students results.

What is the name of structure X?

Use the scale to measure the length YZ on the photograph.

The photograph shows the root magnified 100 times.

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