Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials and Gases
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Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials and Gases
Thermal conductivity of some common materials and gases - insulation, aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel and
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Thermal conductivity is the quantity of heat transmitted through a unit thickness in a direction normal to a surface of unit area, due to a unit
temperature gradient under steady state conditions.
Thermal conductivity of some common materials and products are indicated in the table below.
1 W/(m.K) = 1 W/(m.oC) = 0.85984 kcal/(hr.m.oC) = 0.5779 Btu/(ft.hr.oF)
Thermal Conductivity - k - W/(m.K)
Material/Substance
Acetone
Acetylene (gas)
Acrylic
Air, athmosphere (gas)
Alcohol
Aluminum
Aluminum Oxide
Ammonia (gas)
Antimony
Apple (85.6% moisture)
Argon (gas)
Asbestos-cement board
Asbestos-cement sheets
Asbestos-cement
Asbestos, loosely packed
Asbestos mill board
Asphalt
Balsa wood
Bitumen
Bitumen/felt layers
Beef, lean (78.9 % moisture)
Benzene
Beryllium
Bitumen
Blast furnace gas (gas)
Brass
Breeze block
Brick dense
Brickwork, common
Brickwork, dense
Butter (15% moisture content)
Cadmium
Calcium silicate
Carbon
Carbon dioxide (gas)
Cement, portland
Cement, mortar
Chalk
Chlorine (gas)
Chrome Nickel Steel (18% Cr, 8 % Ni)
Clay, dry to moist
Clay, saturated
Cobalt
Cod (83% moisture content)
Concrete, lightweight
Concrete, medium
Concrete, dense
Concrete, stone
Constantan
25
0.16
0.018
0.2
0.024
0.17
205
30
0.022
18.5
0.39
0.016
0.744
0.166
2.07
0.15
0.14
0.75
0.048
0.17
0.5
0.43 - 0.48
0.16
218
0.17
0.02
109
0.10 - 0.20
1.31
0.6 -1.0
1.6
0.20
92
0.05
1.7
0.0146
0.29
1.73
0. 09
0.0081
16.3
0.15 - 1.8
0.6 - 2.5
69
0.54
0.1 - 0.3
0.4 - 0.7
1.0 - 1.8
1.7
22
Temperature - oC
125
225
215
250
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Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials and Gases
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Thermal Conductivity - k - W/(m.K)
Material/Substance
Copper
Corian (ceramic filled)
Corkboard
Cork, regranulated
Cork
Cotton wool
Carbon Steel
Cotton Wool insulation
Diatomaceous earth (Sil-o-cel)
Diatomite
Earth, dry
Engine Oil
Ether
Ethylene (gas)
Epoxy
Ethylene glycol
Felt insulation
Fibreglass
Fibre insulating board
Fibre hardboard
25
401
1.06
0.043
0.044
0.07
0.029
54
0.029
0.06
0.12
1.5
0.15
0.14
0.017
0.35
0.25
0.04
0.04
0.048
0.2
Fireclay brick 500oC
Foam glass
Freon 12 (gas)
Freon (liquid)
Gasoline
Glass
Glass, Pearls, dry
Glass, Pearls, saturated
Glass, window
Glass, wool Insulation
Glycerol
Gold
Granite
Gravel
Gypsum board
Hairfelt
Hardboard high density
Hardwoods (oak, maple..)
Helium (gas)
Honey (12.6% moisture content)
Hydrochlor acid (gas)
Hydrogen (gas)
Hydrogen sulfide (gas)
0.045
0.073
0.07
0.15
1.05
0.18
0.76
0.96
0.04
0.28
310
1.7 - 4.0
0.7
0.17
0.05
0.15
0.16
0.142
0.5
0.013
0.168
0.013
Ice (0oC, 32oF)
Insulation materials
Iridium
Iron
Iron, wrought
Iron, cast
Kapok insulation
Kerosene
Krypton (gas)
Lead Pb
Leather, dry
Limestone
Magnesia insulation (85%)
Magnesite
Magnesium
Marble
Mercury
Methane (gas)
Methanol
Mica
Milk
Mineral wool insulation materials, wool
blankets ..
Molybdenum
Temperature - oC
125
400
225
398
51
47
312
310
68
60
1.4
2.18
0.035 - 0.16
147
80
59
55
0.034
0.15
0.0088
35
0.14
1.26 - 1.33
0.07
4.15
156
2.08 - 2.94
8
0.030
0.21
0.71
0.53
0.04
138
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Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials and Gases
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Thermal Conductivity - k - W/(m.K)
Material/Substance
Monel
Neon (gas)
Nickel
Nitrogen (gas)
Nylon 6
Oil, machine lubricating SAE 50
Olive oil
Oxygen (gas)
Paper
Paraffin Wax
Perlite, atmospheric pressure
Perlite, vacuum
Plaster light
Plaster, metal lath
Plaster, sand
Plaster, wood lath
Plastics, foamed (insulation materials)
Platinum
Plywood
Polyethylene HD
Polypropylene
Polystyrene, expanded
Polystyrol
Polyurethane foam
Porcelain
Potato, raw flesh
Propane (gas)
PTFE
PVC
Pyrex glass
Quartz mineral
Rock, solid
Rock, porous volcanic (Tuff)
Rock Wool insulation
Rubber, natural
Salmon (73% moisture content)
Sand, dry
Sand, moist
Sand, saturated
Sandstone
Sawdust
Sheeps wool
Silica aerogel
Silicone oil
Silver
Slag wool
Slate
Snow (temp < 0oC)
Sodium
Softwoods (fir, pine ..)
Soil, with organic matter
Soil, saturated
Steel, Carbon 1%
Stainless Steel
Straw slab insulation, compressed
Styrofoam
Sulfur dioxide (gas)
Sugars
Timber
Tin Sn
Zinc Zn
Urethane foam
Vermiculite
Vinyl ester
Water
Water, vapor (steam)
Wheat flour
25
26
0.046
91
0.024
0.25
0.15
0.17
0.024
0.05
0.25
0.031
0.00137
0.2
0.47
0.71
0.28
0.03
70
0.13
0.42 - 0.51
0.1 - 0.22
0.03
0.043
0.03
1.5
0.55
0.015
0.25
0.19
1.005
3
2-7
0.5 - 2.5
0.045
0.13
0.50
0.15 - 0.25
0.25 - 2
2-4
1.7
0.08
0.039
0.02
0.1
429
0.042
2.01
Temperature - oC
125
225
71
72
17
19
0.05 - 0.25
84
0.12
0.15 - 2
0.6 - 4
43
16
0.09
0.033
0.0086
0.087 - 0.22
0.14
67
116
0.021
0.058
0.25
0.58
0.016
0.45
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Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials and Gases
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Thermal Conductivity - k - W/(m.K)
Material/Substance
Wood across the grain, white pine
Wood across the grain, balsa
Wood across the grain, yellow pine, timber
Wood, oak
Wool, felt
Wood wool, slab
Xenon (gas)
25
0.12
0.055
0.147
0.17
0.07
0.1 - 0.15
0.0051
Temperature - oC
125
225
1 W/(m.K) = 1 W/(m.oC) = 0.85984 kcal/(h.m.oC) = 0.5779 Btu/(ft.h.oF) = 0.048 Btu/(in.h.oF)
What is conductive heat transfer?
Example - Conductive Heat Transfer through a Aluminum versus Stainless Steel Pot
The conductive heat transfer through a pot wall can be calculated as
q / A = k dT / s
where
q / A = heat transfer per unit area (W/m2)
k = thermal conductivity (W/mK)
dT = temperature difference (oC)
s = wall thickness (m)
Conductive Heat Transfer through Aluminum Pot Wall with thickness 2 mm and temperature difference 200oC
q / A = 250 (W/mK) 200 (oC) / 2 10-3 (m)
= 25000 (kW/m2)
Conductive Heat Transfer through Stainless Steel Pot Wall with thickness 2 mm and temperature difference 200oC
q / A = 16 (W/mK) 200 (oC) / 2 10-3 (m)
= 1600 (kW/m2)
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