Hp48 Cogo Tds Manual
Hp48 Cogo Tds Manual
Hp48 Cogo Tds Manual
COGO Card
Users Manual
For use with the HP 48
.MAN-COGO
040599
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the TDS-COGO48 ................................................. 1-1
System Configuration................................................................. 1-2
Installing Your TDS-COGO48 Card ......................................... 1-3
Running the TDS-COGO48....................................................... 1-4
Exiting the TDS-COGO48......................................................... 1-5
Using a Ram Card With the TDS-COGO48 .............................. 1-6
Installing a Ram Card: ........................................................ 1-6
Managing Jobs With a Ram Card: ...................................... 1-6
How To Learn the System And How To Use This Manual ....... 1-8
2. GETTING STARTED
Before You Start ........................................................................ 2-1
Running Your TDS-COGO48 ................................................... 2-1
Menus Vs. Screens..................................................................... 2-2
Menus ................................................................................. 2-2
Screens................................................................................ 2-4
the Keyboard Overlay ................................................................ 2-7
Top-Row Shifted Function Keys ........................................ 2-10
Data Entry Tips.......................................................................... 2-12
Interactive use of Menus and Screens ....................................... 2-13
Creating Your First Job ...................................................... 2-15
Other Job Related Functions............................................... 2-17
3. FIRST JOB: Practice with CO-GO
Practice with CO-GO................................................................. 3-3
Inverse Between Points....................................................... 3-4
Intersection ......................................................................... 3-5
Point in Direction................................................................ 3-7
Acreage and the Point List.................................................. 3-9
Calculate Pre-Determined Areas......................................... 3-12
the Moving Parallel Line Approach.................................... 3-14
Plotting....................................................................................... 3-15
Contents i
CONTENT
4. CURVES
Horizontal Curve Routines.........................................................4-1
Horizontal Curve Solution ..................................................4-3
Finding the PC and PT........................................................4-6
Compute Radius Point ........................................................4-7
Curve Through Three Points...............................................4-7
Offsets of the Driveway .............................................................4-8
Area and Inserting a Curve in a Point List .................................4-10
5. TRIANGLE SOLUTION
Triangle Solutions......................................................................5-1
Side - Side - Angle..............................................................5-3
Differential Leveling..................................................................5-5
Trigonometric Leveling .............................................................5-6
6. FIELD WORK WITH THE TDS-COGO48
Introduction................................................................................6-1
Traversing the Boundary of the Smith Property.........................6-2
Screen Graphics .........................................................................6-6
View Coordinate .......................................................................6-7
Two Point Resection ..................................................................6-8
Benchmark .................................................................................6-10
Topographic Survey of the Smith Property................................6-11
7. ADJUSTMENTS
Translation .................................................................................7-2
Rotate Job ..................................................................................7-3
Angle Adjustment ......................................................................7-4
Compass Rule ............................................................................7-7
Change Scale..............................................................................7-8
8: EARTH WORK
Volume if a Berm or Gully ........................................................8-1
Earthwork and Road Construction .............................................8-8
the Volume of a Mound of Borrow Pit ......................................8-10
Content ii
CONTENT
9. PRINTING AND DATA COMM WITH YOUR TDS-COGO48
Printing Coordinates .................................................................. 9-1
Printing Screens ......................................................................... 9-3
Data Communication To An Office PC ..................................... 9-4
File Transfer Between Two TDS-COGO48's ............................ 9-5
ADVANCED TOPICS
Quick Return To the TDS-COGO48 ...................................... 9-6
Using TDS-COGO48 Coordinate Data In Your Own
Programs
Retrieving Data From a Coordinate File ......................... 9-7
Storing Data To a Coordinate File .................................. 9-8
REFERENCE
ORGANIZATION OF THE REFERENCE MANUAL.................... R-1
THE GENERIC MENU.................................................................... R-2
THE GENERIC SCREEN ................................................................ R-3
SCREEN TREE MAP....................................................................... R-6
KEYBOARD OVERLAY ................................................................ R-8
GLOBAL TOP ROW KEYS COMMANDS
Escape Command....................................................................... R-11
Store Command ......................................................................... R-12
Print Command .......................................................................... R-13
Recall Command........................................................................ R-13
Main Command ......................................................................... R-13
JOBS MENU
New Job Screen ......................................................................... R-15
Open Existing Job Screen .......................................................... R-16
Current Job Info Screen ............................................................. R-17
Point Data Screen ...................................................................... R-18
Save Job to Card Screen ............................................................ R-19
Recall Job from Card Screen ..................................................... R-19
Delete Job from Card Screen ..................................................... R-20
Delete Job Screen ...................................................................... R-20
Setup Screen ..................................................................................... R-21
Content iii
CONTENT
EARTH WORKS MENU
Average End Area Screen ..........................................................R-22
Volume Accumulation Screen....................................................R-23
Boorow Pit Screen .....................................................................R-24
Pit Volume Accumulation Screen ..............................................R-25
Clear Earthwork Data Command ...............................................R-25
TRAVERSE/SIDESHOT SCREEN..................................................R-26
Backsight Screen........................................................................R-27
DIRECTORY SCREEN....................................................................R-28
CO-GO MENU
Acreage Screen ..........................................................................R-29
Azimuth <---> Bearing Screen ...................................................R-30
Vert/Zenith & Slope Screen .......................................................R-31
Intersection Screen.....................................................................R-32
Define a Direction Screen ..........................................................R-33
Inverse By Point Screen.............................................................R-34
Inverse By Coordinates Screen ..................................................R-35
Point To Line Inverse Screen.....................................................R-36
Point In Direction Screen...........................................................R-38
Resection From Two Points Screen ...........................................R-39
Resection From Three Points Screen .........................................R-41
Compute Corner Angle Screen ..................................................R-43
Shoot Benchmark Screen ...........................................................R-44
Where Is Next Point Screen .......................................................R-45
Pre-Determined Area Screen......................................................R-47
Parallel Pre-Determined Area Screen ........................................R-49
Stakeout Computation Screen ....................................................R-51
SURVEY ADJUSTMENT MENU
Change Scale Screen..................................................................R-52
Translate Job Screen ..................................................................R-53
Rotate Job Screen.......................................................................R-54
Angle Adjustment Screen...........................................................R-55
Compass Rule Screens ...............................................................R-59
Open Traverse Screen.........................................................R-60
Transit Rule Screens ..................................................................R-61
Open Traverse Screen.........................................................R-62
Content iv
CONTENT
TRIANGLE SOLUTION MENU
Three Sides Known Screen ........................................................ R-63
Two Angles and Included Side Screen ...................................... R-64
Two Angles and an Opposite Side Screen ................................. R-65
Two Side and Included Angles Screen ...................................... R-66
Two Side and an Opposite Angles Screen ................................. R-67
Differential Leveling Screen ...................................................... R-68
Trigonometric Leveling Screen.................................................. R-69
SCREEN PLOT SCREEN
Screen Plot Screen ..................................................................... R-70
Points Screen ............................................................................. R-71
Lines Screen............................................................................... R-72
CURVE MENU
Solving Horizontal Curve Screen............................................... R-73
PC Deflection Screen................................................................. R-76
PI Deflection Screen .................................................................. R-77
Tangent Offset Screen................................................................ R-79
Chord Offset Screen................................................................... R-80
Known PI & Tangents Screen.................................................... R-82
Through 3 Points Screen............................................................ R-83
Compute Radius Point Screen.................................................... R-84
Traverse On Curve Screen ......................................................... R-85
Vertical Curve Screen ................................................................ R-86
Vertical Curve Solution Screen.................................................. R-87
Vertical Curve Layout Screen.................................................... R-88
Straight Grade Screen ................................................................ R-89
PRINTOUT MENU
Print Points Screen..................................................................... R-90
Print Setup Screen...................................................................... R-91
FILE TRANSFER SCREEN............................................................. R-92
POINT LIST
Point List Screen........................................................................ R-93
Horiz/Vert Curve Screen............................................................ R-94
Clear Point List Command......................................................... R-94
Content v
CONTENT
Content vi
1. INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, you will become familiar with the
TDS-COGO48 Card; you will install the card in your
HP 48 SX/GX Handheld Computer; you will learn
about its general features and capabilities; and you
will be introduced to the organization and content of
this manual.
Introduction 1-1
INTRODUCTION
3) In the office, you can use TDSs companion Survey Link software to
upload and/or download your coordinates and raw data to or from an
office PC. The Survey Link programs also give you the ability to
convert your coordinate data into formats that can be used by a wide
variety of CO-GO, CAD and other survey- related software.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The minimum configuration required for the TDS-COGO48 is the
following:
1) 1 HP 48 SX or GX Scientific Expandable Calculator.
2) 1 TDS-COGO48 Card.
3) 1 TDS-COGO48 Keyboard Overlay.
In addition, if you want to connect your TDS-COGO48 to your office PC,
you will need:
4) 1 TDS PC to HP 48 cable or HP-82208A opt.1AW Cable.
5) 1 TDS Survey Link PC Program (see note below).
The TDS Survey Link PC Program will provide for data
communication between your PC and your TDS-COGO48.
It also serves as a file conversion utility to convert your
surveying data files into formats that are compatible with
approximately 20 different PC Surveying and Civil
Engineering Software.
A 32k-byte or 128k-byte RAM Card can be added to the system to increase
the storage capacity.
Introduction 1-2
INTRODUCTION
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 5:
Step 6:
[ON]
Introduction 1-3
INTRODUCTION
Introduction 1-4
INTRODUCTION
G
H
I
J
K
MORE
Introduction 1-5
INTRODUCTION
3.
With the HP 48 turned off, insert the RAM card in Port 2 while leaving
the TDS-COGO48 card in Port 1.
Turn on the HP 48. An Invalid Card Data warning might appear,
which indicates that the RAM card has not yet been formatted to use
with the TDS-COGO48. This message is normal and will not appear
again once data is written to the card, as described next.
Restart the program by typing T D S C O G O, [ENTER].
From the Main Menu, select [G] Open Edit a Job. From the Job
Menu, select [K] Save & Recall Job.
A prompt will appear asking which type of HP 48 you are using. Select
[G] if you are using an HP 48 GX or select [H] if you are using an HP
48 SX. If you did not receive the Invalid Card Data warning when
the HP 48 was turned on, skip to Step 4.
Introduction 1-6
INTRODUCTION
3.
4.
5.
If you receive an Invalid Card Data warning when you turn the HP-48
on, follow the instructions on the screen by pressing [ON] and [C]
simultaneously and then restart the program by typing T D S C O G
O, [ENTER]. Return to the Save & Recall Job screen as described in
Step 1.
From the Save & Recall Job screen, make the appropriate selection to
either [G] Save an existing job to the RAM card, [H] Restore a
job from the RAM card or [I] Delete a job from the RAM card. If a
message appears asking to erase all data in port 2, you must select [Y]
to continue.
A list of available jobs will be presented. Scroll to the appropriate job
and press [A] SELCT to perform the action selected from Step 4.
Similarly, if you want to work with a job that is only stored on the RAM
card, and not the system memory, that job must first be copied to the system
memory as described above.
It is possible to recall a job from a RAM card that was
created using a TDS Survey Card or Survey Pro card, but
keep in mind that the TDS COGO card does not support
point descriptors and therefore it will not import them.
Introduction 1-7
INTRODUCTION
Introduction 1-8
2. GETTING STARTED
In this chapter, you will start to use your TDS-COGO48. You
will initialize the unit by selecting the various setting for your
TDS-COGO48. You will learn how the features and functions
in the TDS-COGO48 are organized and how the various kinds
of data are stored. Finally, you will create your first job.
4:
3:
2:
1:
Now press [] [] [T] [D] [S] [C] [O] [G] [O] [ENTER]. The TDSCOGO48 Card has now taken over control of the machine. You will see the
MAIN MENU of the system, which looks like:
G
H
I
J
K
MORE
GETTING STARTED
TDS-COGO48 ON, you will return to the screen or menu location
occupied when you turned the machine OFF.
The six boxes at the bottom of the display screen are called softkey labels.
They identify the functions of the six keys in the top row of the keyboard.
Pressing any one of these keys will activate the function shown in the box
above that key in the bottom row of the screen. The functions will change
depending on the particular screen that you are using and the problem that
you are solving.
MENUS
A MENU is a display that is characterized by a list of functions or operations,
which may be selected by choosing one of the alphabetic keys listed down the
left hand column of the display. See Main Menu above. Except for the
[EXIT] and [MORE] keys, MENUS do not use active softkeys. The [EXIT]
key is always displayed above the [F] key on the right. The [MORE] key
will be labeled above the [A] key if there are more menu choices than will fit
on one display. Pressing one of the alpha keys shown in the MENU display
will present you with either another MENU, with more alpha choices and an
[EXIT] key, or a SCREEN.
The [EXIT] key will always return to the SCREEN or MENU location
occupied prior to a current SCREEN or MENU. Thus, MENUS in the
GETTING STARTED
TDS-COGO48 are arranged like a tree. By selecting a sequence of alpha
keys, you make progress from the MAIN MENU (the trunk of the tree) to
the large branches (additional menus) to the small branches (sub-menus or
screens) and then to the twigs and leaves (screens). By pressing [EXIT]
successively, you can progress back through the branches to the trunk (the
MAIN MENU).
If a menu has [MORE] displayed above the [A] key, there are other choices
that can be made from this menu. Pressing the [MORE] key will display
the remaining options. The [EXIT] key will then return you to the original
set of options.
As an example of how this works, consider the Curve Menu. The MAIN
MENU is large enough to require two displays. You may access the second
display by pressing [MORE] from the MAIN MENU and viewing the
choices M through S. As you become familiar with the TDS-COGO48, you
will learn the frequently used letters in the MAIN MENU. You can access
the choices in the second screen from the first screen by pressing the
appropriate letter directly. The Curve Menu is choice [Q]. Press [Q] and
see the Curve Menu. Arbitrarily choose [G]: Horizontal Curve. This
presents you with the Solving Horiz Curve Screen in the display. This is the
screen where you will solve your horizontal curve problems. You will
practice with this screen in the next section. Now, press the [EXIT] softkey
three times. Pause each time to notice how the TDS-COGO48 returns to the
previous MENU in the MENU tree. Finally, you arrive back at the first
display of the MAIN MENU.
In the HP-48, the top row of keys are used for the alpha
keys A - F, as well as for the softkeys. For this reason, all
Menu labels in the TDS-COGO48 will begin with the letter
[G]. Since there is no ambiguity in MENUS between menu
selection keys and softkeys, it is not necessary to press the
[] key prior to making a menu screen selection.
GETTING STARTED
SCREENS
From the MAIN MENU, return to the Solving Horiz Curve Screen. As you
recall, the key-strokes are [Q] [G]. As you can now see, a SCREEN is
characterized by labels and data on each of the lines of the display separated
by colons. They also have a variety of softkey labels at the bottom. These
softkeys give you choices of one or more functions to perform. It is in the
SCREENS where you will enter your data and solve your surveying
problems. You dont solve problems in the MENUS. The MENUS are an aid
to help you navigate the various Screens. While the user interface among the
various SCREENS is consistent, each SCREEN solves a different kind of
problem. Each SCREEN is explained in detail in the Reference Manual.
The Horizontal Curve Screen appears as:
Solving Horiz Curve
Radius /
Degree / Delta => >Radius : 100.000
>Delta : 135.000
elta / Length / Chord =>
Definition:> Arc
/ Tangent / Mid ord
SOLVE
LAYOU
EXIT
You will use this screen to solve your first surveying problem and at the
same time, learn some very important concepts or Rules of the Road. The
first has to do with the uses of the vertical cursor keys [ ] and [ ]. When
you first enter this screen, the value of the radius is highlighted by a scroll
bar. By pressing one of these vertical cursor keys, you will move the scroll
bar to the next data entry field. The [ ] key moves the scroll bar up in the
screen. The [ ] key moves the scroll bar down in the screen. When the
arrow key moves to the bottom of a screen, scrolling again will wrap to the
top of that screen (or from the top to the bottom). Since this particular
screen has only two data entry fields, the action of the two vertical cursor
keys is the same.
Thus, the procedure for solving a screen is to place the scroll bar at each
data entry field as defined in the screen; key in the appropriate value; and
press the proper solution softkey. In this case, suppose you want to know
the curve parameters (solve the curve) for a horizontal curve of 100 ft.
radius and a delta angle of 135.
GETTING STARTED
Step 1:
With the scroll bar at the radius line, key in 100. Then,
press [ ]. (The [ENTER] key will also move the scroll bar
to the next data entry line.)
Step 2:
Step 3:
100.000
235.619
184.776
57.1745
135.0000
241.421
161.313
MORE
EXIT
GETTING STARTED
Step 1:
With the scroll bar on the Radius input line, press the [
key. The prompt will change to Degree. Key in 50 and
press [ ] (or [ENTER]).
Step 2:
Step 3:
114.592
200.000
175.564
50.0000
100.0000
136.565
63.681
EXIT
GETTING STARTED
GETTING STARTED
Note that the alpha keys, printed in white, are positioned to the right of the
associated key. The [CONT] and [OFF] functions, printed in purple and
green respectively, are positioned above the [ON] key with which they are
associated. All functions on the overlay can be accessed by pressing the
purple or green shift key, and then the appropriate function key. The TopRow of shifted keys perform a function and return to where you left off.
The remainder of the shifted function keys send you to a screen or menu
within the TDS-COGO48 programs tree structure. When you [EXIT] from
that screen, you will return to the screen from which you pressed the direct
access key. With the exception of the top row keys, all direct access
functions can be accessed from the menu tree in the normal manner. Below
is a table listing each Direct Access key used by TDS-COGO48 and a
simple description of what each does:
B
C
D
E
F
STO
PRINT
RCL
MAIN
G
H
I
J
AREA
PT-DIR
RESCT2
M
N
H-CURV
AZ<>BR
INTRSC
INVERS
3P-CRV
GETTING STARTED
TR-CRV
O
P
BENCH
GETTING STARTED
BS
*
+
ON
CONT
SAA
SPC
SAS
PLOT
SSS
SSA
GETTING STARTED
[STO] [C] The [STO] key will take any numeric value from an
input field and store it to a temporary register. To save a numeric value,
first highlight the field that you want stored and then press the
and
[STO] or [C] keys. The value can be moved to another field using the
[RCL] key (see below). This function is useful in transferring data from
one screen to another. However, some values in a screen are display only
and therefore you cannot highlight them with the cursor. thus you cant store
them to the [STO] register.
GETTING STARTED
[PRINT] [D] The [PRINT] function will allow you to print the
current contents of the screen onto the HP-82240B Infrared Printer. This
function may be accessed from any screen or menu in the TDS-COGO48 at
any time that you want a hard copy of your work.
[RCL] [E] The [RCL] key will copy the numeric value from the
register to the currently highlighted input field. To copy a numeric value,
first, highlight the field that you want to move it to, then, press the
and
[RCL] or [E] keys.
[MAIN] [F] The [MAIN] function will allow you to return to the
MAIN MENU from any other menu or screen in the TDS-COGO48. It is a
shortcut method of returning to the Main Menu home base without
pressing [EXIT] repeatedly as described above.
If you would like to see the complete MENU tree for the TDS-COGO48
and identify the kinds of surveying problems that can be solved with the
TDS-COGO48, there is a Screen tree map at the beginning of the
Reference Manual. Just to be sure that you understand this concept, practice
moving around the various MENUS and SCREENS using the alpha and
[EXIT] keys. Use the Menu tree in the Reference Manual as a guide.
GETTING STARTED
When entering a bearing, you can press [] to put the HP-48 in the alpha
mode; then, type N or S, the bearing and an E or W. A faster way
to enter this is to use quadrants. Type the quadrant number followed by the
bearing.
Quadrants
From the Main Menu, press [H] to access the Setup Screen.
GETTING STARTED
You should now see the Setup Screen which appears as:
Azimuth: >N. azimuth
Scale factor:1.0000000
Earth curve adj.:>OFF
Print trace:
>OFF
Storing pause:
>OFF
Dist unit: >Feet
Angle unit: >Degree
MORE
Step 1:
Step 2:
In this screen, you can set a Scale factor, which is the factor
by which all distances entered in the field will be multiplied
before coordinate values are computed.
Step 3:
Step 4:
When Print Trace is set ON, it will send the computed data
to the I/R printer port as each screen is solved.
Step 5:
Storing pause, when set ON, will pause and display the
computed coordinates as each point is shot.
Step 6:
The Distance unit and Angle unit set the units that the
internal calculations will use. These can be Feet or Meters
and Degrees or Grads. These settings differ from the unit
settings in the Device Setup screen in that there they set the
unit that the data is collected in. You can set the TDSCOGO48 to any combination you need. e.g. your gun reads
in feet but you want it stored in meters.
Step 7:
<= ON / OFF
EXIT
GETTING STARTED
Step 1:
EXIT
The scroll bar is highlighting the Job name field. You may
now press the [] once and key in the name of your job. The
name may be any combination of up to eight alpha, numeric or
special characters. The first character must be alpha.
Unlike Menus where you may key in the alpha menu
selections without using the [] key, alpha data fields in
Screens require you to press the [] key in order to put the
TDS-COGO48 into alpha mode. Pressing [] once will
lock the keyboard into alpha mode and pressing the purple
shift key
while in alpha mode will lock in lower case
characters. Since the cursor keys are used to input alpha
characters in alpha mode, you must press [] again to take
the unit out of alpha mode. However, pressing [ENTER]
will clear alpha mode as well as cause the scroll bar to move
to the next data input line in the screen.
You should also realize that you may key in alpha characters in either upper
or lower case. The TDS-COGO48 will maintain a distinction between them.
For example, name this job SMITH. The TDS-COGO48 will treat it as
distinct from a job named Smith. Care should be taken when using jobs
GETTING STARTED
with the same name and only upper or lower case differences. If both files
are down-loaded to a PC, they will no longer be unique. Only the second
one down loaded will exist on the PC.
Step 2:
In the next field in the New Job Screen, you will key in the
starting point number. Most often this number will be 1.
However, it may be any number. This number will also
become the smallest point number that the TDS-COGO48 will
accept for this particular job. If your starting point is not the
smallest point number that you plan to use in a job, you
should key in the smallest point number in this field.
Step 3:
Step 4:
Once you have the New Job screen properly configured, press
[CREAT]. This command instructs the TDS-COGO48 to
create the SMITH job as you have specified it in the screen.
This is another general rule of the road . While you are
moving the scroll bar around the screen keying in
information in response to prompts, the TDS-COGO48 does
not take any direct action. If you make a mistake, you may
reposition the scroll bar over the erroneous entry and key in
the correct information. The TDS-COGO48 takes its action
for any particular screen only in response to a direct
command from you. These commands are usually issued by
pressing one of the softkeys labeled in the bottom row of the
display.
After you have pressed [CREAT], the TDS-COGO48 will establish the job
SMITH. The TDS-COGO48 will display the Current Job Info Screen so that
you may review the status of the current job. Press [EXIT] from this screen
to return to the Jobs Menu.
GETTING STARTED
Within the Job Menu there is the ability to handle a number of other job file
related tasks.
Job Menu
G Create new job
H Open existing job
I Current job info
J Edit coordinates
K Save & recall job
L Delete job
EXIT
The number of jobs that you can store in your TDS-COGO48 at one time is limited
only by the total memory of the machine. You can establish any number of jobs
exactly as you have established SMITH. To switch between jobs that have already
been created, use the [H] Open existing job key from the Jobs Menu.
You have seen the Current job info screen already, after you created the
Smith job. By pressing [I] Current job info you can recall this screen to view
information about the current job.
At this time, let us enter a second set of coordinates for practice. Press [J]
Edit coordinates from the Jobs Menu. You will see the coordinates for point
1 of the SMITH job that you established earlier. Lets create a point 20:
Point Data
Point
: 20
Northing: 5050.2860
Easting : 4550.8059
Elev
: 233.7100
PT +
PT -
STORE
RCL
UNUSE
EXIT
Enter 20 in the Point: field for point number 20 and press [ENTER]. Now input
5050.2860 as the Northing; 4550.8059 as the Easting and 233.71 as the
Elevation. Press [ENTER] between each field entry. The screen should be filled out
as displayed above. Now, press [STORE] to generate point 20 in our SMITH job.
The [K] Save & recall job option brings up a menu that allows you to Store
or unload a job that has been save to a RAM card. This function is only
available on the HP-48SX.
The [L] Delete job lets you select the file to delete.
3. FIRST JOB:
Practice with COGO
In this chapter you will begin working with the
coordinates of the SMITH job, which you established in
chapter 2, Getting Started. You will:
Enter the corner Coordinates of the Smith
property into the TDS-COGO48.
Work with these Coordinates using the Coordinate
Geometry (COGO) screens.
Create new points using various COGO routines.
You are now familiar with the TDS-COGO48. The software is installed and
setup for your needs. In this chapter, you will work on the SMITH job. Make
sure that the SMITH file is the currently active job. If you have not created the
SMITH job from chapter 2 or no longer have it available, return to the last two
sections in chapter 2 to create it. As you recall point 1of this job has a northing
of 5000.0000, an easting of 5000.0000 and an elevation of 100.0000. Below is a
picture of Mr. Smiths property and a table of the coordinates for each corner.
CO-GO 3-1
CO-GO
PT NUM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NORTHING
5000.0000
5709.8469
5736.1695
5649.0185
5152.6326
5194.3888
4966.9177
EASTING
5000.0000
5047.0433
5504.0370
5685.4911
5660.0409
5439.9992
5385.6510
ELEV.
227.53
230.82
233.90
235.75
244.89
242.32
239.83
We will use the Edit Coordinates screen to enter the coordinates. Please
note that you may need to re-enter point 1 to give it the elevation of 227.53.
Path:
From the Main Menu, press [G] to get the Job Menu
and then [J] for the Edit Coordinated Screen. This
screen should look like:
Point Data
Point
: 2
Northing: 5709.8469
Easting : 5047.0433
Elev
: 230.8200
PT+
PT-
STORE
RCL
UNUS
EXIT
To key in the coordinates, move the scroll bar to each of the data fields and
enter the proper values. For point 2 move the scroll bar to the first field and
enter 2. Next press [ENTER] or the [] key and enter the northing, etc.
When you have built the screen as displayed above, press [STORE].
Continue entering each of the corner points and press [STORE] to enter
them into the coordinate file. The [PT+] and [PT-] keys can be used to
review the coordinates that have been stored. You can edit any point by
simply making the changes to this screen and pressing [STORE]. A
message will ask:
Storing Pt: 3
Point used!!
Overwrite? [Y/N]_
Answer [Y] if you want to save the changes.
CO-GO 3-2
CO-GO
CO-GO 3-3
CO-GO
BYCRD BYLIN
EXIT
Like all of the screens in the TDS-COGO48, the use of this one is
straightforward. Move the scroll bar to the field in which you want to enter
data and key in the data. Then move the scroll bar to another field, key in
that data, etc. When you have built the screen to represent the problem that
you are trying to solve, press [SOLVE].
Step 1:
Notice also that, by pressing [BYCRD] or [C], you will see a screen that
will let you inverse by coordinates rather than by point number; and by
pressing [BYLIN] or [D], you will be able to inverse between a point and a
line defined by two other points. These inverse routines simply display the
results. The data in your job file is not modified in any way. You may wish
to practice with the other inverse screens at this time. [BYPTS] key will
return you to the inverse between two point numbers.
CO-GO 3-4
CO-GO
INTERSECTION
As the next exercise in this chapter, suppose that you want to find the point
that represents the intersection of a line connecting point 1 and point 6 with a
line connecting point 2 and point 7. This problem is shown pictorially as:
Path:
From the COGO Menu, select [I] for the Intersection Screen.
Intersection
Azimuth / Bearing /
Point 1 : 1
Distance => >Azimuth : 66.0952
Point 2 : 2
Azimuth / => >Azimuth : 155.2952
Store pt: 9
Bearing / Distance
SOLVE DFDIR
EXIT
The third and fifth lines of the display have the > scrolling
prompt character. When you move the prompt to one of these
lines and press a horizontal cursor key ([ ] or [ ]), both the
value of the data in that line and the prompt label will
change. In this case, the Azimuth prompt will change to a
Bearing or a Distance. You can use any combination of
direction or distance to calculate an intersection.
CO-GO 3-5
CO-GO
Step 1:
Into this screen, you enter the parameters of this problem. The
first point is point 1. Next use the data entry shortcut to enter
the azimuth from point 1 to point 6. Simply enter 1-6 and
press [ENTER] or [] to move to the next field. The TDSCOGO48 will compute the azimuth of the line and enter it in
the Azimuth field. This process may be repeated for the line
connecting points 2 and 7. Use point 9 as the stored point.
When the screen has been properly filled out, it should appear
as displayed above:
If you had set the prompt for bearing, 1-6 would have resulted
in a bearing. If a prompt is expecting a distance as its input
data, the TDS-COGO48 will calculate a distance. If the field
is expecting an angle, you can enter three point numbers
separated by hyphens. The TDS-COGO48 will calculate the
angle starting from the first point number, through the middle
point and turning angle right to the last point.
Step 2:
You may review the coordinate values of point 9 by pressing [ED CRD] or
[Z]. Press [RCL] and key in 9 for the point number in response to the
prompt. The coordinates are shown as:
Point Data
Point
:9
Northing:5136.2764
Easting :5308.4617
Elev
:227.5300
PT +
CO-GO 3-6
PT -
STORE
RCL
UNUS
EXIT
CO-GO
POINT IN DIRECTION
From the previous inverse example, you know that the horizontal distance
between points 1 and 2 is 711.404 ft. Assume that you want to create 7 new
points at 100 ft intervals along the line between points 1 and 2. You can do
this with the Point-In-Direction function.
Path:
Point in Direction
Occupy pt: 1
Azimuth / Bearing => >Azimuth : 3.4730
Horiz dist: 100.000
+/- ang : 0.0000
Store pt:
10
SOLVE DFDIR
EXIT
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
CO-GO 3-7
CO-GO
You do not have to solve for the azimuth each time because it
will not change. In fact, there are no changes that need to be
made to the screen between each solution. The TDSCOGO48 automatically increments the occupied point number
and store point number for you. All other data remains the
same.
After youve created points 10 through 16 at 100-ft intervals along the line
from point 1 to point 2 in the SMITH job, your picture of the SMITH
property should look like:
CO-GO 3-8
CO-GO
ACREAGE AND THE POINT LIST
For your next task, you want to find the area of the SMITH property in
acres.
Path:
From the COGO Menu, press [G] to select the Area Screen.
The Acreage Screen appears as:
Acreage
From point - To point
/Using point list => >From point: 1
To point
: 7
Acreage : 9.7886
Perimeter: 2712.401
Square ft: 426396.05
SOLVE PTLST
Step 1:
EXIT
Load the first and last corners of the survey into the From
point and To point fields of the screen: 1 and 7. To
compute the acreage in acres and square feet and the
perimeter in feet, press [SOLVE].
When you use the From point and To point fields, the TDS-COGO48
assumes that the acreage that you want to compute is bounded by lines
connecting all of the points in sequence from the first point to the last point
and then closing back to the first point again. In this case, that means lines
connecting from point 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 5 to 6 to 7 and back to 1. If you
have done this correctly, you should see an area of 9.7886 acres,
426396.05 sq. ft, and a perimeter of 2712.401 ft.
When the distance units of the TDS-COGO48 are set to
feet, the area is reported in both acres and square feet and
the perimeter is in feet. When the units are set to meters,
the screen is called the Area Screen; the area is in square
meters; and the perimeter is in meters.
This process works well for those areas that are bounded by lines between
points, which are numbered consecutively. However, suppose you want to
compute some other area. Take as an example the area bounded by lines
that go from point 1 to 12 to 6 to 7 and back to 1.
CO-GO 3-9
CO-GO
Note that the From point line in the Acreage Screen has
the scrolling prompt symbol > at the beginning of the line.
By pressing one of the horizontal cursor keys, either [<] or
[>], you will switch the expected boundary format from
sequential to: * Using Point List *.
Step 3:
Next, you must create the proper Point List file. To do this,
press [PTLST]. You will see the Point List Menu. Choose
[G] to see the Point List Screen:
NXT PT?
CURVE
CO-GO 3-10
END
DEL
EDIT
PENU
EXIT
CO-GO
If your Point List is not empty, either press [DEL] repeatedly
until it is empty; or, return to the Point List menu by pressing
[EXIT]; press [H] Clear Point List; and finally, press [G]
again to return to the Point List Screen.
The NXT PT? line is where you key in the points that you
want; in this case, 1. Key in 1 and press [ENTER]; then
12 [ENTER], and so on, through points 6, 7 and back to 1.
Notice how the point numbers are displayed in the screen as
you key them in. The point list should look like:
PT 1
PT 12
PT 6
PT 7
PT 1
NXT PT?
Step 4:
You may now exit from the Point List Screen by pressing
[EXIT]. Press [EXIT] again to return to the Acreage Screen.
Finally, press [SOLVE] to compute the area of this portion of
the SMITH property. The correct acreage is 2.495 acres.
Acreage
> *Using point list*
Acreage : 2.4951
Perimeter: 1354.012
Square ft: 108688.46
SOLVE PTLST
EXIT
CO-GO 3-11
CO-GO
CALCULATE PRE-DETERMINED AREAS
Lets assume Mr. Smith wants to section off a two-acre parcel from the
lower notch of his property. To do this, you will need to find the point on
line 1-2 that, when connected back to point 6, will section off exactly two
acres of land. It is not a trivial task to calculate the boundary point that will
provide a two-acre region. But TDS-COGO48 will calculate this for you
using the Swing Hinge Line Approach. With this method, you can find this
boundary point that will provide a pre-determined area;, which in this
exercise is two acres. This is graphically displayed in the drawing below:
The two-acre parcel will be bounded by the points 1, 7, 6, and a new point
along line 1-2. For the new point, use point 17.
To solve this particular problem, you need the Predetermined Area w/ Hinge
Line screen to locate the point that will create a 2.0-acre parcel.
Path:
: 2.00
Acre / Square ft => >Acre
From point - To point => > *Using point list *
/ Using point list
>Pt on line: 2
Pt on line / Bearing =>
Store pt : 17
Line brg : N89.2806W
Line dist : 426.872
SOLVE PTLST DFDIR PARAL
CO-GO 3-12
EXIT
CO-GO
Using this screen, you can swing the hinge line 6-17 about the hinge point (6)
along the known directional line 1-2 until it finds the unknown point 17. All of
this information is entered into the Polygon w/ Hinge Line screen as follows:
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Press [SOLVE] or [G] to do the actual computation. Again, TDSCOGO48 will prompt you for an elevation. The coordinates of
point 17 will now be added to the SMITH job file.
You can plot point 17 if desired, and you can check that the area is indeed 2.0
[G]
acres by returning to the Compute Area screen. Press [AREA] or
Compute Area. Use a new Point List that contains points 1, 7, 6, 17, 1.
CO-GO 3-13
CO-GO
Path:
From the COGO Menu, select [P] PreDetermined Area. Then press [PARAL] or
[D] to bring up the Parallel screen
: 2.00
Acre / Square ft => >Acre
Side 1: pt 1:1
pt 2:2
pt 2 / Bearing => >
Side 2: pt 1:7
pt 2:6
pt 2 / Bearing => >
Store 1st pt:18
2nd pt:19
SOLVE
CO-GO 3-14
DFDIR
EXIT
CO-GO
In order to setup a parallel predetermined area calculation, you must define
three lines or sides of the area. The TDS-COGO48 will determine the fourth
side. The middle line is the one that will be parallel to the side that is moved
to obtain the predetermined area. The two sides are entered into the screen.
The first point (Pt 1:) of these two lines defines the middle or parallel line.
Step 1:
In the Parallel Moving Line screen, define the left and right
sides of the 2.0 acre parcel by naming two points for each
side of the property. The first point of each side must be the
point that is in common with the line of the boundary that
will be parallel with the moving line; in this case, line 1 to 7.
Enter the values as shown in the screen above:
Step 2:
TDS-COGO48 will compute the coordinates for new points 18 and 19 and
then add them to the SMITH job file. You can check that you have indeed
created a 2.0-acre parcel by using the Compute Area screen and the
appropriate Point List: 1, 18, 19, 7.
PLOTTING
As a final exercise, lets redo the screen plot of the boundary of the SMITH
job and include a line 6 to 17. This will illustrate the feature of inserting a
[PENU] command in the Point List that controls the screen plot.
Press [PLOT] or
[] and then [PTLST]. Press [H] to clear the
existing list and then press [G] to edit a new one. You may connect points
1 to 7 in sequence by keying in 1-7 in the first NXT PT? line of the list.
In a Point List, 1-7 means a range of points (from one to seven) and not the
azimuth or distance between 1 and 7. Press [ENTER] to enter this line.
Then key in 1 again. Press [ENTER] again. This will design the plot to
connect points 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 in sequence and then close back to point 1.
CO-GO 3-15
CO-GO
Next, you want to connect from point 6 to point 17, but you do not want a
line between 1 and 6. Press [PENU] - pen up key. This command will lift
the pen before moving to the next point. Now press 6 [ENTER] and
17 [ENTER]. Properly filled out, your Point List should look like:
PT 1-7
PT 1
PEN UP
PT 6
PT 17
NXT PT?
CURVE
END
DEL
EDIT
PENU
EXIT
Press [EXIT] twice to return to the Screen Plot Screen; set the scrolling
prompt to read *Using point list*, and press [LINES].
You should see a portion of the desired plot in the screen. Remember to
use the [ ] and [ ] keys to see the rest of the plot. Dont forget to press
the [ON] key to return back to the Screen Plot screen.
CO-GO 3-16
4. CURVES
In this Chapter be introduced to the Curve Menu.
Working with the coordinates of the SMITH job you will
explore various Curve Screens of the TDS-COGO48 and
practice integrating the curve capabilities into the
COGO routines.
Curves 4-1
CURVES
The coordinates of the relevant points are given in this table. Use the Edit
Coordinates screen from the Job menu to enter the following two points.
PT NUM NORTHING
30
5449.0151
31
5553.3876
EASTING
5029.7574
5488.3254
ELE.
229.74
235.31
Press [INTRSC] or
Curves 4-2
CURVES
Intersection
Azimuth / Bearing /
Point 1 : 30
Distance => >Bearing : S86.1230E
Point 2 : 31
Azimuth / Bearing => >Bearing : S44.5957W
Store pt: 32
/ Distance
SOLVE DFDIR
EXIT
Press [SOLVE] after entering the above data. When you are prompted for
evelation, enter 227.53. The coordinates of point 32 are:
PT NUM NORTHING
32
5427.0004
EASTING
5361.9419
ELE.
NOTE
227.53 PI OF CURVE
Select [Q] from the Main Menu. Press [G] for the Solving
Horizontal Curve Screen.
LAYOU
To define a curve, you need at least two of its parameters: one that relates to
its curvature and one that relates to its length. The Solving Horizontal Curve
Screen has two data input lines that relate to these two properties. You may
use the horizontal cursor keys ([ ] or [ ]) to set the prompt to the quantities
you know.
Step 2:
Curves 4-3
CURVES
Step 3:
DATE+
DDAYS
HMS
HMS
HMS+
HMS-
150.000
127.738
123.913
38.1150
48.4733
68.031
14.707
MORE
Curves 4-4
EXIT
CURVES
PC
PT
PI
P
- Point of Curvature
- Point of Tangency
- Point of Intersection
- Radius Point
R
L
C
T
E
M
D
Radius
Length (Arc Length)
Chord Length
Tangent Length
External
Mid-ordinate
- Internal angle from center
to tangent points
Degree of Curvature Internal angle
equivalent to a 100 ft
arc length
Degree of Curvature =
(18,000) / (R x p)
Expressed in
degrees, minutes, and
seconds.
Step 4:
13.393
1116.687
9580.385
624.292
Curves 4-5
CURVES
Path:
LAYOU CURV
EXIT
Step 4:
32 as the PI.
the PC Store Pt as 33
The PT will be stored in the next consecutive number.
Step 5:
Curves 4-6
CURVES
Compute Radius Point
You previously generated the radius point (pt 35) in the PI & Tangent routine
above. This screen will show you another way to compute radius point.
Path:
CURV
Filled out the screen as desired and press [SOLVE]. This routine computes
and stores the radius point.
Through 3 Points
Radius point / 1st point => >Radius point: 35
2nd point:
34
3rd point:
33
Sto radius pt: 0
Radius:
150.000
Length:
126.738
SOLVE DATA LAYOU TRAV
EXIT
The Curve Through 3 Points screen operates in two modes: one allows you to
solve for the curve using three points on the curve itself; beginning point,
ending point and one other point on the curve. The other solves for the curve
using a known radius point and the begin and end points of the curve.
Curves 4-7
CURVES
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Curves 4-8
CURVES
Press [PT-DIR] or
[K] from wherever you are to bring
up the Point-In-Direction Screen. .
Path:
Point in Direction
Occupy pt: 33
Azimuth / Bearing => >Azimuth : 93.4730
Horiz dist: 10
+/- ang :
90.0000
Store pt: 37
SOLVE DFDIR
EXIT
Step 1:
Step 2:
Determine the coordinates of the other points along the boundary of the
driveway in like manner. When setting a point to the left of a line enter 90.0000 in the +/- ang: field. Also note that when you are using the +/field, the Azimuth field is modified between each calculations. It will need to
be re-entered when you are doing several calculations from the same point.
The coordinates of point 32-43 should be as follow:
PT NUM
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
NORTHING
5427.0000
5431.4988
5475.1060
5581.1705
5439.0370
5421.5207
5468.0350
5546.3166
5458.9932
5441.4769
5482.1770
5560.4586
EASTING
5361.9415
5294.0592
5410.0461
5303.9785
5029.0961
5293.3979
5417.1172
5495.3966
5030.4187
5294.7205
5402.9749
5481.2542
ELE.
227.53
227.53
227.53
227.53
229.74
227.53
227.53
235.31
229.74
227.53
227.53
235.31
Curves 4-9
CURVES
Press [AREA] or
[G] from wherever you are to bring up
the Area Screen. Press [PTLST] or [B] for the Point list
menu. Press [H] Clear Point List and [G] Edit point list.
Step 1:
Step 2:
Curves 4-10
CURVES
Step 3:
Enter:
39 [ENTER]
43 [ENTER]
42 [ENTER]
Step 4:
Step 5:
The Point List Screen will look as follows before you press [EXIT].
CR 37-38,160.000,L,S,
PT 39
PT 43
PT 42
CR 41-42,140.000,R,S,
PT 40
NXT PT?
CURVE
END
DEL
EDIT
PENU
EXIT
The first two points in the point list, PT 36 and PT 37 have scrolled off the
top of the display.
Step 6:
By computing the acreage in the Acreage Screen based on this Point List,
you may determine the area of the driveway with the curve included. You
should compute 0.231 acres or 10066.507 sq. ft. as the area.
That completes the curve section of this tutorial. You should be able to use the
various routines to solve your own surveying needs. If there are fields or keys in
a screen that you need more information on, please refer to the reference section
for a complete description of every routine in the TDS-COGO48.
Curves 4-11
5. TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS
With Trig and Differential Leveling
In this chapter, you will learn about triangle and leveling
functions of the TDS-COGO48. There are 5 triangle routines
as well as Differential and Trig leveling.
TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS
This chapter is about the triangle solutions with in the TDS-COGO48. This
is a set of routines that allow you to enter what you know about a triangle
and the program will solve for what you do not know. The first thing to
determine then is what do you know?
The triangle solutions deal with the angles and the length of the sides or six
values. In order to uniquely define a triangle you must have three of these.
If you have four values, you have one value more than is needed. Two
values will not allow us to determine the other values:
Two Angles
Two Sides
Given the fact that we have two choices (angles or sides) and three needed
pieces of information, there are eight possible combinations (23 ). Two of
these are redundant or mathematically the same, which leave six combinations:
Triangles 5-1
TRIANGLES
Menu
Key
A SSS Side - Side - Side
Does uniquely define a triangle
Will take 3 sides of a triangle and calculate
the 3 angles and the area.
E
Triangles 5-2
TRIANGLES
B
AAS
AAA
EXIT
Triangles 5-3
TRIANGLES
Step 1:
Step 2:
Side a :
Angle C:
Angle A:
Area
:
Step 3:
3.583
145.4218
13.3431
5.450
That completes the CO-GO and curve section of this tutorial. You should
be able to use the various routines to solve your own surveying needs. If
there are fields or keys in a screen that you need more information on,
please refer to the reference section for a complete description of every
routine in the TDS-COGO48.
Triangles 5-4
TRIANGLES
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
The Differential Leveling routine allows you to use a graduated rod and a
level to determine the elevation of a point from another point with a known
elevation.
Path:
Differential Leveling
132.820
BS pt / BS elev => >BS elv:
BS rod reading: 24.380
FS rod reading: 3.110
Instr. elev: 157.200
FS elev:
154.0900
SOLVE
FS2BS
EXIT
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Triangles 5-5
TRIANGLES
TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING
The Trig leveling routine allows you to compute the vertical distance between
a point on a vertical plane and the horizontal plane of the instrument.
Path:
Trig. Leveling
Station elv / Station pt => >Station elv:253.91
HI: 5.26
Horiz dist: 147.620
86.5822
Zenith / Vert ang => >Zenith:
Target elv: 162.026
VD +- hor plan:2.676
SOLVE
EXIT
Step 1:
Step 2:
Triangles 5-6
TRIANGLES
Step 3:
Triangles 5-7
6. SURVEY FIELDWORK
The first section of this chapter is designed to introduce you to the
use of your TDS-COGO48 to collect field data. You will enter the
traverse of the SMITH property using manual input. You will
learn how to do a resection in the field. You will see how a
topographic survey can be entered with the TDS-COGO48.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter is designed as a introduction to the field use of the TDS-COGO48.
It assumes that you understand and have a working knowledge of your
particular surveying instrument. This Manual will cover how to use the TDSCOGO48 to enter field data from a total station. The specific button to press
on your total station to perform an operation, like zeroing the circle, is left up
to you to determine. We will try to mention any difficulties or special
differences a total station may have, but you should be familiar with the
operation of your instrument.
There are a couple of concepts related to the use of TDS-COGO48 that you
should be aware of. First, the TDS-COGO48 is a 3-dimensional, coordinate
geometry field computer. It dose not have the option of storing Raw Data,
but stores only the coordinate data.
Second, when entering field data you have a number of optional formats in
which the data can be entered; e.g. Angle right or left; Azimuth or Bearing;
Deflection right or left. Zenith or Vertical angle and Slope distance or
Horizontal distance and Change in elevation.
FIELD WORK
FIELD WORK
You begin by setting your instrument on point 1. You have found a point on
the adjacent property to the west, which has a known azimuth from point 1.
You choose this point as a back sight and set the known azimuth as the back
azimuth. You then traverse the boundary clockwise closing back on point 1.
The following table represents the field notes from the survey:
Back
Sight
[BS]
0*
1
2
3
4
5
6
Zenith
Angle
Slope
Dist.
[ZA]
89.4050
89.3236
89.1803
88.5235
90.2926
90.2746
91.4405
[SD]
711.42
457.76
201.31
497.13
223.98
233.88
387.25
OC:1
FS:2
Ang right / Azimuth / Bearing /
BS pt:
0
Ang left / Def right /Def left => >Ang right :
0.0000
0.0000
Zenith ang / Vert ang / Chng elev => >Zenith ang:
Slope dist:
0.000
Slope dist / Slope dist / Horiz dist
HI: 0.000 HR: 0.000
SIDES
BACK
TRAV
EXIT
This screen is designed for you to key in data directly from your field notes.
Step 1:
FIELD WORK
Backsight
BS point / BS azm /
BS brg => >BS azm: 276.2315
Circle: 0.0000
BS Azm:
BS Brg:
276.2315
N83.3645W
SOLVE
exit
Step 3:
BACK
TRAV
EXIT
By filling out the screen and pressing [TRAV], the TDS-COGO48 will do
several things. First, it will compute the coordinates of your foresight point; in
this case, point 2. If you have the storing pause set ON in the Operating
Modes Screen of the Setup Menu, the TDS-COGO48 will also display the
coordinates for you.
FIELD WORK
Next, the TDS-COGO48 will add these coordinates to the SMITH coordinate
file. The machine will then increment the occupied point and foresight point
and set the backsight point to be the old occupied point. The result: OC=2;
FS=3 and BS=1. Finally, it will also change the back azimuth to reflect the
new backsight point. If you have a point with known coordinates specified as
the backsight point in the Traverse / Sideshot Screen, it is not necessary to use
the [BACK] key. You need to use the [BACK] key only if you wish to set a
back azimuth or back bearing or change the circle angle to your backsight.
For the rest of the traverse, you will backsight the previously occupied point.
The TDS-COGO48 assumes that this is the continuing mode of operation and
will build the screen after each shot accordingly.
Step 4:
Fill out the Traverse \ Sideshot screen for the next point. The
data for point 3 should appear as shown below prior to
pressing [TRAV].
OC:2
FS:3
BS pt:1
>Ang right :262.5448
>Zenith ang:89.3236
Slope dist:457.760
HI:5.43
HR:6.000
SIDES
BACK
TRAV
EXIT
In the same manner, you should enter the data from the
table for the remaining corners into the SMITH job file.
This will complete FS. Points 2 to 8.
FIELD WORK
SCREEN GRAPHICS
At this point, you may wonder if those coordinates resemble the SMITH
property. One way to tell is to look at these coordinates and try to figure out
where they are in relation to the corners of the Smith property. However, theres
an easier and faster way. You can use the Screen Plot capability of the TDSCOGO48 to show the points of the SMITH job graphically in the display.
Path:
Screen Plot
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point: 1
To point
: 8
Step 1:
Step 2:
<= Yes / No
EXIT
Use the [ ]
and [ ] keys to
scroll to the
hidden
portions of the
plot.
Step 3:
You should now see a partial plot of the SMITH job in the
display. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to view the rest of the plot.
Step 4:
FIELD WORK
The Plot pt number field allows you to turn ON or OFF, the plotting of point
numbers . You may also want to see what happens when you press [POINT].
The first time that you do a screen plot after you have opened a
job, the TDS-COGO48 will automatically set the scale for all
screen plots for that job. The TDS-COGO48 will search the
coordinate file and select a scale that will plot all of the
specified points in such a way that they will completely fill the
virtual display as shown in the above figure. If you
subsequently add new points that enlarge the area of your plot,
the scale and location of the points will not change for this job
unless you press [SCALE]. Pressing [SCALE] in the Screen
Plot Screen will re-compute the scale and location of the
plotted points based upon the new group of selected points.
VIEW COORDINATE
As you learned, in Chapter 2, you can view your coordinates in the Edit
coordinate screen ([ED CRD] or
[Z]). The screen for point 1 is
displayed below:
Point Data
Point
:1
Northing:5000.0000
Easting :5000.0000
Elev
:100.0000
PT +
PT -
STORE
RCL
UNUS
EXIT
You can use the [PT +] PT + and [PT -] PT - keys to review coordinates.
The [RCL] key can be used to jump directly to a specified point number and
the [UNUS] key will find the next larger unused point number. A list of
coordinates for points 1-8 can be found at the beginning of the next chapter
(adjustments).
FIELD WORK
FIELD WORK
The field notes for this resection problem are shown in the table below:
Back
Sight
[BS]
6
6
Occupied
Point
[OC]
50
50
Fore
Sight
[FS]
6
1
Height of
Instru.
[HI]
5.42
5.42
Height of
Rod
[HR]
6.0
6.0
Zenith
Angle
Horizontal
Angle
(circular)
[HA]
0.0000
74.1810
Slope
Dist.
[SD]
[ZA]
88.1347 162.19
91.0713 498.91
Step 1:
Step 2:
EXIT
EXIT
FIELD WORK
Step 3:
BENCHMARK
Since doing the boundary traverse, you have found a benchmark from which
we can establish our true elevation. Before you begin the topo, you will want
to have an accurate elevation for your occupied point. The Benchmark routine
allows us to compute the elevation of an occupied point from the elevation of
a foresighted point.
Path:
EXIT
FIELD WORK
Step 1:
Fill out the screen with the field data as shown above and
press [SOLVE]. The OC elevation is 237.88. The elevation
determined by the 2-Pt resection was 110.348 with a
difference of 127.53. This will be used later in Chapter 4.
Step 2:
FIELD WORK
[OC]
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
[FS]
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Horizontal
Height Height
Angle
of
of
(angle right)
Rod
Instru.
[HA]
[HR]
[HI]
77.2701
6.0
5.42
98.3511
6.0
5.42
166.4557
6.0
5.42
221.0823
6.0
5.42
252.4512
6.0
5.42
319.5833
6.0
5.42
4.1315
6.0
5.42
25.0702
6.0
5.42
56.4200
6.0
5.42
Zenith
Angle
Slope
Dist.
[ZA]
91.0638
90.2829
90.4605
90.2225
90.4518
88.5442
88.3356
89.3258
90.2459
[SD]
350.43
106.23
378.20
237.72
55.39
287.43
99.02
253.09
182.14
With one exception, the procedure for entering sideshot data is exactly the
same as that for a traverse. The exception is that you must press the
[SIDES] key instead of [TRAV].
Step 1:
OC:50
FS:51
Ang right / Azimuth / Bearing /
BS pt:6
Ang left / Def right /Def left => >Ang right :77.2701
Zenith ang / Vert ang / Chng elev => >Zenith ang:91.0638
Slope dist:350.430
Slope dist / Slope dist / Horiz dist
HI:5.420
HR:6.000
SIDES
Step 2:
BACK
TRAV
EXIT
In like manner, the other sideshots may be added to the file. The
figure below shows the relative locations of these points. You
may use the Screen Plot Screen feature to get a rough idea of the
location of the points you have added to the file.
FIELD WORK
Traverse shots and sideshots can be taken intermixed. There is
not a limit to the number of sideshots that can be taken from any
one occupied point. Be mindful, if you use the [TRAV] key,
that the point to be occupied next is shot last on each setup.
When the [TRAV] key is pressed, the foresight point will be
used to replace the occupy pt. If your next occupied point is not
to be your last shot from this setup, then use the [SIDES] key
and manually change the occupied point field when you move
ahead.
7. ADJUSTMENTS
In this chapter, you will learn several ways you can
adjust your coordinates under various constraints.
You can scale your job or translate blocks of
coordinates in any direction, including elevation.
You can rotate blocks of coordinates about any
point in the file through any specified angle. You
can also adjust a traverse using Angle Adjustment
and then the Compass Rule.
NORTHING
5000.0000
5710.2358
5740.5392
5654.9688
5158.3849
5198.2360
4970.3069
5000.0700
5341.9314
5116.1299
5307.3644
5628.1542
5573.0171
5380.9737
5232.4242
5251.0535
5089.0823
5182.8227
EASTING
5000.0000
5040.8379
5497.5792
5679.7808
5658.6252
5438.2273
5385.8385
4999.9119
5363.1795
5095.2826
5262.7347
5115.0236
5418.9271
5402.4633
5628.8755
5402.4228
5374.0401
5274.5361
ELEV.
100.000
103.286
106.364
108.221
117.359
114.792
112.303
100.000
237.879
230.507
236.418
232.229
235.748
236.569
242.758
239.777
239.289
235.975
Adjustments 7-1
ADJUSTMENTS
This first thing you may wish to do is to compute the precision of the survey.
You can determine the precision of a survey from the Compass Rule Screen.
Path:
Step 1:
TRANSLATION
To acquire some practice with the adjustment features of the TDS-COGO48,
let us assume that selecting your beginning elevation as 100 ft was simply for
arbitrary convenience. However, In Chapter 3 while doing your Benchmark
calculation of point 50, you discovered that, you must add 127.53 to the
elevation of each boundary point in the file. You would like to bring all of the
boundary points of your survey into line with the elevations of the topo.
Path:
Translate Job
From pt: - To pt: or
>From
point: 1
*Using point list* =>
To point
: 8
Azimuth / Bearing => >Azimuth : 0
Horiz dist: 0
Elevation+-: 127.53
SOLVE PTLST INVRS
Step 1:
EXIT
Adjustments 7-2
ADJUSTMENTS
After pressing [SOLVE], the TDS-COGO48 will adjust the elevations by the
amount specified. You may return to the Point Data Screen to confirm this.
Since you were adding an elevation, you simply keyed in the
amount to add. To subtract an elevation, key in a negative
value for the amount to subtracted. The translation of the
coordinates positions can be done at the same time as
changing its elevation. Simply enter the proper values in the
Azimuth and Distance Fields.
The [INVRS] key will bring up the Inverse screen from the CO-GO menu
allowing you to inverse between two known points. Entering your 2 points,
press [SOLVE] and [EXIT] from the inverse screen. The inverse results will
be stored in the bottom three lines of the Translate Job screen.
ROTATE JOB
Let us also assume we learn that our backsight was entered in error and
should have been 276.5315. A simple rotation will correct this problem.
Path:
Rotate Job
From pt: - To pt: or
>From
point:
1
*Using point list* =>
To point
: 59
Rotation pt: 1
Old bearing: N83.3645W
New bearing: N83.0645W
SOLVE PTLST DFDIR
Step 1:
EXIT
After you press [SOLVE], the TDS-COGO48 will rotate all of the
coordinates around point 1 by the difference between the two bearings.
Adjustments 7-3
ADJUSTMENTS
ANGLE ADJUSTMENT
For practice with traverse adjustments, let us perform an angle adjustment
and then the Compass Rule adjustment on the SMITH job.
Path:
Angle Adjustment
From pt: - To pt: or
*Using point list* => >*Using point list*
Close / Open =>
Traverse: >Close
Angle error:
SOLVE PTLST
Step 1:
-0.0027
ERROR
EXIT
Again you want to adjust all the points in the SMITH job,
but simply entering From pt 1 To point 59 will treat every
point as a traversed point. Points 50 to 59 need to be
adjusted as sideshots. In order to differentiate between
Traverse points and Sideshots, we must use a Point List.
Press [PTLST] to bring up the Point List Menu; then [H] to
clear any current list; then [G] to display the Point List
Screen.
At the NXT PT prompt, enter:
1-6
[ENTER]
SS 50-59 [ENTER]
7-8
[ENTER]
This has defined a Point List that will treat 1 to 6 as traverse
points; 50 to 59 as sideshots of point 6; and 7 to 8 again as
traverse points. Press [EXIT] twice to return to the Angle
Adjustment screen. Now, change the From pt. prompt to
display, *Using point list*.
Adjustments 7-4
ADJUSTMENTS
The Point List is used throughout the TDS-COGO48 to
specify points to be used in a variety of functions. For
example, a Screen Plot may use the point list to select those
points that you want to display. To get the most out of your
TDS-COGO48, be certain that you understand the concept of
the Point List. It is described in greater detail in the Reference
section.
Step 2:
EXIT
When adjusting a closed traverse there are two methods that the TDSCOGO48 can use to calculate the angular error. If you have measured the
closing angle you can enter that angle in the Closing ang field. The closing
angle is the circle angle from a backsight of the next to the last traverse point,
while occupying the closing point/starting point and turning to the second
point of the traverse.
The second method is to let the TDS-COGO48 calculate the closing angle
using the next to the last point, the last point and the second point in the
point list. If the closing angle field equals zero then the closing angle will
be calculated other wise the value in this field will be used as the closing
angle. Both methods calculate the angular error by adding together the
internal angles at each traverse point. The sum is then compared to N2*180 where N equals the number of traverse points. The difference is the
angular error.
If you are adjusting an OPEN traverse you must enter both the observed or
computed closing azimuth and the correct closing azimuth. The Error
Routine will calculate the difference between these to azimuths to determine
the error. The Compute Angular Error for open traverse screen is displayed
below:
Adjustments 7-5
ADJUSTMENTS
Compute Angular Error
for open traverse
Computed azm: 0.0000
Correct azm: 0.0000
Angular error: 0.0000
SOLVE
EXIT
We will let the routine calculate the closing angle. Make sure
the closing angle is 0 and press the [SOLVE] key to compute the
angular error.
Step 3:
You can now view the angular error as -0.0027 and decide if
the closure is acceptable. If so, press [EXIT] to return to
the Angle Adjust screen and press [SOLVE] to adjust the
traverse angles. The angular error is divided by one less
than the number of traverse points. The internal angle at
each traverse point is adjusted by this fraction of the total
error, starting from the third point in the traverse.
At this point, the traverse has the correct sum of internal angles for a 7 sided
polygon. Points 1 and 8 do not yet close, but the internal angles are adjusted.
It is not necessary for the traverse points to be in numerical
order in order to perform an adjustment. If they are not in
numerical order, use the Point List to specify the order of
the traverse points. If sideshots were taken from the
occupied points during the traverse, they may be included
in an adjustment, as sideshots. In the Point List, following
the occupied point from which the sideshot was taken,
keying in [S] [S] [SPACE] and the point number (SS ##).
By including your sideshots in the Point List, your
sideshots as well as your traverse point coordinates will be
adjusted when you solve for the various adjustments in the
Adjustment Menu.
Adjustments 7-6
ADJUSTMENTS
COMPASS RULE
The last exercise is to adjust the closure of the coordinates with the Compass
Rule routine.
Path:
Compass Rule
From pt: - To pt: or
*Using point list* => >*Using point list*
CLOSE TRAVERSE
Include vertical
closure: >YES
SOLVE PTLST
Step 1:
OPEN
PRECI
<= YES / NO
EXIT
The Point List you created for the angular adjustment is correct
for this closure also. Be sure the screen says CLOSE
TRAVERSE on the centerline. If not then press [CLOSE] or
[C] to change the display.
If you want to calculate the precision again, do so at this time.
The precision, and the angular error as well, are
determinations made from the errors in the traverse. Once the
adjustments are made, these values cannot be recalculated
without returning the coordinated to their original values.
Step 2:
Adjustments 7-7
ADJUSTMENTS
Open traverses may also be adjusted. Select the OPEN
TRAVERSE version of the Compass Rule Screen by
pressing [OPEN]. You will have to key in the true
northing and easting coordinate values that the last point in
the traverse will close to before pressing [SOLVE].
CHANGE SCALE
Within the Survey Adjustment selections there is also the ability to change
the scale of your job. This routine is useful either to convert a set of
coordinates to or from the state plane grid; or, for modifying a job from feet
to meters or from meters to feet. This routine functions like the other
adjustments; you simply enter the range of point you want scaled; a base
point (a point whose coordinates will not be changed); and a scale factor.
You then press solve to adjust the scale.
Path:
Change Scale
From pt: - To pt: or
>From
point: 1
*Using point list* =>
To point
: 60
Base point : 1
Scale factor:1.0000
Scale elevation:> Yes
SOLVE PTLST
<= Yes / No
EXIT
The scale routine can be set to adjust or not adjust the elevations. When
converting to state plane coordinates, you would typically not want the
elevations changed. However, when changing the distance units, you would.
You will not be changing the scale of this job. It is presented here simply for
reference.
Adjustments 7-8
ADJUSTMENTS
Adjustments 7-9
8. EARTH WORK
In this chapter, you will learn how to use the TDS-COGO48
to compute volumes of earth from field and coordinate data.
The TDS-COGO48 uses the average end-area method of
computing the volume of a berm or a gully. This technique
may be extended to compute the volumes of cuts or fills
required for road construction. Finally, you will learn how
the TDS-COGO48 can compute the volume of a mound or
borrow pit.
EARTH WORK
First, establish a control line parallel to the long axis of the berm. Designate
one end of the control line as station 0 + 00. Position your gun at a location
that will give you a good line of sight to all of the points on the berm that
you want to shoot. Shoot at least two points on the control line to establish
the control line azimuth.
The earthwork calculations in the TDS-COGO48 require
that the control line run in a north-south direction. For the
purpose of computing earth volume, you can arbitrarily
designate the control line is running from south to north. Or
if you choose to use the true azimuth for the control line,
you can rotate the job after the data is collected so that the
actual control line azimuth is 0o. Job rotation is described
in Chapter 7 - Adjustments.
Now, have your rod man move across the berm along lines perpendicular to
the control line. He should stop at each break in the contour of the berm
to take a shot. In this way, you will collect points along a series of crosssections across the berm. The coordinates of these points will be used to
compute the cross-sectional areas of each section. Then, these areas will be
used in the average end-area method for computing volumes.
Assume that you have collected the data for the berm illustrated above and
have rotated the job such that the azimuth of the control line is 0o. The
coordinate values are shown below.
STATION
NORTHING
POINT
NUMBER
0 + 00
1
2
3
5000.00
5000.00
5000.00
EASTING
5045.00
5060.00
5075.00
ELEVATION
100.00
108.00
100.00
EARTH WORK
STATION
0 + 20
0 + 30
0 + 55
0 + 80
1+05
1 + 20
1 + 40
1 + 45
POINT
NUMBER
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
NORTHING
5020.00
5020.00
5020.00
5020.00
5030.00
5030.00
5030.00
5030.00
5030.00
5055.00
5055.00
5055.00
5055.00
5055.00
5080.00
5080.00
5080.00
5080.00
5080.00
5105.00
5105.00
5105.00
5105.00
5105.00
5120.00
5120.00
5120.00
5120.00
5120.00
5140.00
5140.00
5140.00
5140.00
5145.00
5145.00
5145.00
EASTING
5040.00
5050.00
5070.00
5080.00
5030.00
5040.00
5060.00
5080.00
5090.00
5030.00
5040.00
5060.00
5080.00
5090.00
5030.00
5040.00
5060.00
5080.00
5090.00
5030.00
5040.00
5060.00
5080.00
5090.00
5030.00
5040.00
5060.00
5080.00
5090.00
5040.00
5050.00
5070.00
5080.00
5045.00
5060.00
5075.00
ELEVATION
100.00
107.00
106.50
100.00
100.00
102.00
112.00
103.00
100.00
100.00
104.00
111.00
105.00
100.00
100.00
102.50
113.50
104.00
100.00
100.00
105.00
113.50
102.50
100.00
100.00
107.00
114.00
105.50
100.00
100.00
107.00
109.00
100.00
100.00
104.50
100.00
EARTH WORK
Obviously, this data is contrived in order to simplify the task of keying them
into the system. For example, actual field data will not have the northings of
all of the points for a given station exactly the same. However, it is
important that these northings be close in value. The amount of variation in
the northing value of cross-section points for a given station is a measure of
how far your rod man wandered from a true perpendicular to the control
line. The actual value of the northings of these points is ignored by the
TDS-COGO48 in doing earthwork calculations.
The earthwork screens allow you to key in the easting offsets and elevations from
you field notes; or, you can use the Point List to setup the points along the
respective cross sections. In preparation for this, you should key in the data
given above, at least for the first several stations. It will be a new job. Setup a
job called BERM. Key in the data using the Point Data Screen (
[Z]).
Once you have the data keyed in, from the Main Menu, select [I] for
Earthwork. At this point it is wise to use the [I] Clear earth work data to
clear any left over data from a previous calculation. Then, select [G] for the
Average End-Area method. This will present you with the following screen:
Average End Area
Station: 0
+0.000
Point count: 0
>Elevation:
Offset
:
ENTE
PTLST
0.000
0.0000
AREA CLEAR
EXIT
You could now key in the elevation and offset (easting) of the points along
the cross-section for station 0 + 00. However, since you have this data
already stored as points 1, 2, and 3 of the BERM job, you should press one
of the horizontal arrow keys with the scroll bar on the elevation line. This
will allow you to use the point-list method of specifying the data.
Average End Area
Station: 0
+0.000
Point count: 0
> *Using Point List*
ENTE
PTLST
AREA CLEAR
EXIT
You should now press the [PTLST] softkey and setup a point list with
points 1, 2, and 3. A single point list entry can specify points 1-3. These
EARTH WORK
are the three points on the cross-section for station 0 + 00. Now, press the
[EXIT] softkey twice to return to the Average End Area Screen. Then,
press the [AREA] softkey. This command will compute the cross-section
area and store it in the Last area. Volumes are computed by pressing the
[CUT] and [FILL] keys. After pressing the [AREA] key, you should see
the screen below.
Last area : 0.00
Curr area : 120.000
Interval
: 0.00
Volume (QYd): 0.00
(QFt): 0.00
Total V(QYd): 0.00
(QFt): 0.00
CUT
FILL
FIRST
EXIT
EARTH WORK
Last area
Curr area
: 120.00
: 202.500
Volume (QYd):
(QFt):
Total V(QYd):
(QFt):
CUT
FILL
119.44
3225.00
119.44
3225.00
FIRST
EXIT
If the area is not correct, you should press the [CLEAR] softkey. Then,
enter the correct data points. Use either the correct point list or the
elevation and offset from the screen. Then, press the [AREA] softkey to
compute the area at the cross section and the [CUT] softkey to add the
current volume to the total. After correctly computing the volume of this
segment, you should see the above screen:
The volume between stations 0 + 00 and 0 + 20 is shown in both cubic yards
(QYd) and cubic feet (QFt). The cumulative volume is also shown in cubic
yards and cubic feet. Key in the new interval: 10 ft to the next station 0 +
30. Change the point list to match the points at station 0 + 30. These points
are 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Now, press the [AREA] softkey to compute the
end-area and volume. Press the [CUT] softkey to add the volume to the
total. After pressing these keys, you should see the following screen:
Last area : 202.50
Curr area : 315.00
Interval
: 10.00
Volume (QYd): 95.83
(QFt): 2587.50
Total V(QYd): 215.28
(QFt): 5812.50
CUT
FILL
FIRST
EXIT
Key in the interval to the next station (25 ft); update the point list; and press
the [AREA] and the [CUT] softkeys to compute the volume at the next
station and add it to the total. In this manner, you can work your way
through the stations along the berm to compute its volume piece-by-piece.
If you pursue this example to the last station 1 + 45, you should have a
computed volume of 46,812.5 cubic feet or 1733.8 cubic yards.
EARTH WORK
This example assumes that there is a finite area at the end of
each berm. Sometimes, your beginning or ending areas may
indeed be zero. To start the job with a zero area crosssection, key in the distance from the zero cross-section area
station to the first non-zero cross-section as the Station
interval and press either [CUT] or [FILL]. Do not use the
[FIRST] softkey. To end with a zero area, key in a final
point list of only one or two point numbers or enter only one
or two points elevation and offset. This will force a zero
end-area for the final cross-section.
The average end-area method computes volumes by taking
the average of the two end-areas of each section in turn and
multiplying by the interval of the section. However, if one
of the areas is zero, the method used by the TDS-COGO48
will use one-third of the product of the non-zero end-area
and the interval. This computation will result in an
approximate volume, which will be much closer to the
actual volume.
The technique of computing the volume of a gully is exactly the same as that
for a berm except that you should use the [FILL] key to compute the
volumes. The cumulative volumes of a fill will be negative instead of
positive.
EARTH WORK
The elevations from a consistent datum and the offset from the centerline of
each of the points shown in the figure are given in the table below:
Point Number
1
2
3
4
5
Elevation
106.0
109.0
110.5
111.0
110.5
Offset
-63.0
-43.0
-22.0
2.0
21.0
EARTH WORK
Point Number
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Elevation
109.0
106.0
104.5
105.5
106.0
105.5
104.5
Offset
41.0
61.0
45.0
30.0
0.0
-30.0
-45.0
In this case, you will use the Average End-Area Screen in the Earthwork
Menu. However, instead of using the point list to specify points to be used
to compute the areas at each cross-section, you will key in the elevation and
offset of each point that makes up the cross-sectional area. The elevation
may be measured from any datum. The offset may be measured from any
control line, such as the centerline of the road shown here. After you have
keyed in the elevation and offset of each point, you should use the
[ENTER] (F1) softkey to move to the next point. The Point count line in
the Screen will keep track of how many points you have keyed in. You may
move around the figure in either clockwise or counterclockwise directions,
keying in the elevations and offsets of the points that make up the border of
the area to be computed. After the last point has been keyed in for a
particular station, the Current area line and the Volume lines on the
screen will display the cross-section area at the current station and the
volume between the current station and the previous station. From here, the
procedure to compute the appropriate volumes is identical to that used for
measuring the volume of the berm in the example above. Care should be
taken to note each cross-section as either a cut or fill. Remember the
[FILL] softkey will subtract from the accumulated volume; the [CUT]
softkey will add to it. The area of the shaded portion of the figure above is
488.5 sq. ft.
EARTH WORK
POINT
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
NORTHING
EASTING
ELEVATION
2060.0000
2070.0000
2070.0000
2060.0000
2040.0000
2020.0000
2000.0000
1995.0000
1983.0000
1988.0000
1990.0000
2000.0000
2000.0000
2020.0000
2040.0000
2060.0000
2070.0000
2070.0000
2062.0000
2060.0000
2040.0000
2020.0000
2000.0000
1990.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
EARTH WORK
POINT
NUMBER
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
NORTHING
EASTING
ELEVATION
2020.0000
2040.0000
2060.0000
2060.0000
2040.0000
2040.0000
2040.0000
2040.0000
2020.0000
2020.0000
2020.0000
2020.0000
2000.0000
2000.0000
2000.0000
2000.0000
1990.0000
1992.0000
2020.0000
2040.0000
2000.0000
2020.0000
2040.0000
2060.0000
2000.0000
2020.0000
2040.0000
2060.0000
2000.0000
2020.0000
2040.0000
2060.0000
100.0000
100.0000
97.0000
96.0000
94.0000
86.0000
85.0000
96.0000
93.0000
81.0000
83.0000
98.0000
96.0000
93.0000
94.0000
99.0000
To practice with this example, enter the data given above. Next, select the
[H] option from the Earthwork Menu. You will see the Borrow Pit Screen:
Number of corners:>3
Datum elev: 100.000
Corner 1 pt: 1
Corner 2 pt: 2
Corner 3 pt: 15
Section : 1
CUT
FILL
CLEAR
EXIT
Each section of the borrow pit as defined by the grid lines has either threeor four-point corners. The northwest corner bounded by points 1, 2, and 15
is a three-corner section. The section due east of that, bounded by points 2,
3, 16, and 15, is a four-corner section. You may use the horizontal arrow
keys to scroll from the three- and four-point sections in line 1 in this screen.
When you have chosen the proper section, key in the point numbers for the
corners. Press the [CUT] softkey or the [FILL] softkey. For the first
section in our example, you should key in points 1, 2, and 15, for the
corners; select 100 feet for the datum (the elevation of the surrounding
ground); then, press the [FILL] softkey because this is a pit; and
EARTH WORK
presumably you want to measure the volume so you can fill it. After
pressing the [FILL] softkey, you should see:
Section : 1
Volume(Qyd)
(Qft)
Total (Qyd)
(Qft)
3.70
100.00
-3.70
-100.00
EXIT
Now, you may key in the point boundary for the next section. First, select
four corners; key in points 2, 3, 16, and 15 as the corners; and press the
[FILL] softkey. In this way, you may move around the borrow pit, keying
in the boundary points of the various sections. You must enter the points in
the order they lie on the perimeter of the section. You may enter them in
either clockwise order or counter-clockwise order. You may begin at any
corner. The Section Line in the display will keep track of the number of
sections that you have keyed in for this particular volume job. If you carry
out this example to its completion, you should have a volume of -38,702.50
cubic feet or -1433.50 cubic yards.
This example shows a grid of squares and one side of the
grid running in a north-south direction. However, neither of
these conditions is necessarily required for the borrow pit
program to work. The grid-lines may be along any azimuth.
The grid sizes may vary across the job. As a practical
matter, you should setup the grid-lines to be closer together
whenever there is a rapid change in elevation of the bottom
of the pit.
The same technique may be used to compute the volume of a mound.
However, use the [CUT] softkey rather than the [FILL] softkey to indicate
that earth is to be removed.
PRINTING COORDINATES
Periodically during a job, you may wish to make a hard copy of your work by
printing the coordinate values of the points that you have surveyed. The
TDS-COGO48 can use the HP-48s built-in infrared wireless data
communications capability to print on the HP-82240B Infrared Printer. Or,
you can use the serial port (RS232) to print to a printer with a similar serial
port. The process for doing this is quite straightforward.
First, you should make sure that the active (open) job is the job whose data
you want to print. You may select the job you want to print by using the
Open Existing Job option from the Job Menu. Select [G] and then [H] from
the MAIN Menu. Move the cursor to the proper job and press [ENTER].
Next, [EXIT] back to the MAIN Menu and select [R] for the Print menu.
The Print Menu will appear as:
Print Menu
G Print coordinates
H
I Print setup
EXIT
First lets press [I] and access the Print Setup Screen:
Print Setup
IR/wire:
>Wire
Baud rate: >9600
Parity:
>None
<= Wire / IR
<= 9600 / 1200 / 2400 / 4800
With this screen, you may choose whether or not to use an RS232 wire
printer or the HP-82240B Infrared wireless printer. If you choose the
RS232 printer, you may also specify the communication parameters of baud
rate and parity. When you have filled out this screen properly for your
particular printer, press [EXIT]. You will return to the Print Menu.
Now, select [G] and you will see the Print Points Screen:
Print Points
From point - To point
>From
point: 0
/ Using point list =>
To point
: 0
PRINT PTLST
EXIT
Once you have setup the screen to output the proper coordinate data, either
plug your TDS-COGO48 into your wire printer with the appropriate RS232
cable or configure your TDS-COGO48 to communicate with your infrared
printer. Place the HP-82240B Infrared Printer so that there is a direct line of
sight between the IR emitter on the top of the HP-48 and the IR receiver on the
front of the Printer. The range of these devices is approximately 3-6 inches.
Make sure that the printer has an adequate supply of paper and is turned ON.
Now press [PRINT]. Below is a sample printout to a serial printer:
JOB
: SMITH
TIME: 15:57
DATE: 11-24-1992 Page 1
===========================================================
Point
Northing
Easting
Elevation Note
==========================================================
1
5000.000000
5000.000000
100.000 START
2
5710.235800
5040.837900
103.286 PT2
3
5740.539200
5497.579200
106.365 PT3
4
5654.968900
5679.780800
108.221 PT4
5
5158.394900
5658.625700
117.360 PT5
6
5198.246000
5438.227700
114.792 PT6
7
4970.316800
5385.838900
112.303 PT7
PRINTING SCREENS
At any time, you may print the contents of any screen in your TDS-COGO48
by using the global key sequence
[D]. When you want to make a hard
copy of a screen, just setup your HP-82240B Infrared Printer properly, turn it
on, and press
[D] with the screen you want printed in the display. For
example, if you take your infrared printer to the field, you may use this
command after each shot to make a hard copy of your raw data as you go.
Screen prints may only be sent to the HP-82240B Infrared
Printer.
Path:
IR/wire:
Baud rate:
Parity:
Start pt:
End pt:
SEND
RECV
>Wire
>9600
>None
<= Wire / IR
<= 9600 / 1200 / 2400 / 4800
<= None / Odd /Even
0
0
SBLK
EXIT
Step 1:
The first three lines of this screen are scrolling prompt type and
have to do with setting the actual data transfer communication
parameters. How you set these values will be determined by
the particular software that you will be using in your PC to
communicate with your TDS-COGO48. If you are using the
Survey Link software in your PC to communicate with your
TDS-COGO48, these parameters should be set to wire, 9600
baud and no parity, as displayed in the screen above.
Step 2:
Step 3:
Once your PC software is waiting for data from your TDSCOGO48, press [SEND] on your TDS-COGO48. This will
bring up a list of your coordinate files. Highlight the file you
wish to send and press [SELCT]. The transfer should begin.
If it does not, check the trouble shooting appendix at the end of
this manual.
ADVANCED TOPICS
The next few sections provide information for those users who wish to write
their own programs for the HP-48 using coordinate data gathered by the TDSCOGO48 Surveying Card. Effective understanding of this material requires
some understanding of the programming language of the HP-48.
2) create a string variable called DESC that contains the point descriptor.
]
4) Execute STOPG.
As an example, to store the following coordinate values for point 7 in the
active job Northing - 2500
Easting - 3000
Elevation - 100
Descriptor -
execute the following keystrokes:
[=] [[]] 2500 [SPC] 3000 [SPC] 100 [SPC] [ENTER]
[] [] [] CURPT [ENTER] [STO]
[-] [] [] [] POINT [ENTER]
[] [] [] DESC [ENTER] [STO]
7 [ENTER]
[] [] STOPG [ENTER]
If the point is already in use in the current job, you will be prompted if you
would like to overwrite it. In any event, if the point data has been stored,
the stack will contain the point number in level 2 and the number 1 in level
1. If the data storage has not been accomplished, the number 0 will be
returned to level 1 in the stack.
Both the RCLPT function and the STOPG function operate
on the active jobs coordinate file. You may establish the
active job by using the Jobs Menu and the Open an Existing
Job Screen in the TDS-COGO48.
REFERENCE
This section of the manual presents the reference
material about the TDS-COGO48. Each screen is
presented in a common and consistent format. You
should read the tutorial sections (chapters 1 through
8) to learn the concepts behind the operation of the
TDS-COGO48. The reference section should be used
as a refresher to understand how specific screens are
used and to fill in the detailed information that was
omitted from the tutorial section in the interests of
brevity.
Reference R-1
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS
All work in the TDS-COGO48 is accomplished within the machines
Screens. Access to the various screens is accomplished via the machines
Menus. It is important to understand the difference between Menus and
Screens. That material is covered in Chapter 2 - Getting Started. This
section of the Reference Manual will discuss Menus and Screen in a generic
way. Following sections will cover each Screen in detail. Menus will not
be covered beyond the present discussion.
Reference R-2
EXIT
REFERENCE
Reference R-3
REFERENCE
Separate output screens normally follow immediately when data input is
complete and the necessary function key is pressed.
4. softkey Region: Every screen will have the bottom row reserved for the
definition of up to six softkeys, which are activated by pressing the six keys
in the top row of the TDS-COGO48. The first five keys can be any of a
variety of functions dependent on the particular screen being used. (See 8.,
below.) The sixth key will contain the label [EXIT]. (See 9., below)
5. Data Entry Cursor: In any screen, which has an input region, there will be
a data entry screen cursor that will be positioned on the line that is active
and ready to receive data from the keyboard. The cursor is recognized by
the fact that it shows the data in inverse video. The cursor may be moved
to the next legal input line by pressing either of the vertical cursor keys [ ]
, [ ] , or by pressing [ENTER]. The [ ] key will move the cursor to the
previous data input line; the [ ] key will move it to the next following data
input line. When the cursor is in position at a data input field, the field will
only accept entries from the keyboard, which are legal for the kind of data
being entered. For example, it is not possible to key in alpha data into a
field for, which only numeric data makes sense (such as a distance).
Entering alpha data into an input line requires pressing the [] key once
both before and after the entry.
Some screens will have more than one data input field
contained within a single display line. For example, the
Traverse / Sideshot Screen shows both the occupied point and
the foresight point on the top line. It also shows the height of
the instrument and the height of the rod on the same line, just
above the command softkey line. To move the cursor from one
data field to the other, you still use the vertical cursor keys, [ ]
or [ ], even though the cursor is moving sideways. The
horizontal cursor keys [ ] and [ ] are reserved for scrolling
prompts and scrolling data.
6. Scrolling Prompt Symbol: Input lines, which have a > character before
the line label provide you with a choice of the kind of data, which may be
keyed in to solve the problem represented by the screen. For example, in
many cases, angles may be keyed into the TDS-COGO48 as an azimuth or
as a bearing. The scrolling prompt gives you an opportunity to change the
Reference R-4
REFERENCE
prompt (line label) of the input line to match the kind of input data that you
want to use. To scroll (change the prompt), move the data entry cursor
to the line in question and press either of the horizontal cursor keys [ ] or [
]. Pressing one of these keys successively will allow you to review all of
the prompt options, which are permissible for this particular input line.
8. Command softkeys: The first five softkey positions are reserved for the
screen commands. These are the keys that will cause the TDS-COGO48 to
perform some action based on the data, which has been entered into the
input data lines prior to invoking the command. The action may be any
number of things. Some commands transfer control to another screen.
Others will perform some computation and return the results to the output
lines of the current screen. Still others will compute some results and
transfer control to another screen. Most often, given the problem being
solved and the name of the command the action taken will be obvious. In
any event, all of the commands are described in detail in this reference
manual. Consult the section that describes the screen in question.
9. The [EXIT] Key: The right hand softkey position is reserved for the label
[EXIT]. The [EXIT] key will always return you to an immediately
previous screen or menu.
Reference R-5
REFERENCE
Reference R-6
REFERENCE
Reference R-7
REFERENCE
Note that the alpha keys, printed in white, are positioned to the right of the
associated key. The [CONT] and [OFF] functions, printed in purple and
Reference R-8
REFERENCE
green respectively, are positioned above the [ON] key with which they are
associated. The Global Top-Row Keyboard Functions (see above) are
printed in purple. These keys perform a function and return to where you
left off. The remainder of the shifted function keys send you to a screen or
menu within the TDS-COGO48 programs tree structure. When you
[EXIT] from that screen, you will return to the screen from which you
pressed the direct access key. With the exception of the top row keys, all
direct access functions can be accessed from the menu tree in the normal
manner. Below is a table listing each Global and Direct Access key used by
TDS-COGO48 and a simple description of what each does:
B
C
D
E
F
STO
PRINT
RCL
MAIN
G
H
I
J
AREA
PT-DIR
RESCT2
M
N
H-CURV
O
P
TR-CRV
AZ<>BR
INTRSC
INVERS
3P-CRV
BENCH
Reference R-9
REFERENCE
CORNER
screen display.
PRINT
Bring up the Print Menu.
*
Reference R-10
REFERENCE
SSS
SAA
SPC
SAS
+
ON
SSA
CONT
ESCAPE COMMAND
Purpose of command - to allow you to escape from the TDS-COGO48
program and return to the operating system of the HP-48GX in order to run
some other software or to do manual calculations.
Path:
[A].
The [ESC] (Escape) function may only be executed from a SCREEN. When
you are in a screen and you press [ESC] - (
[A]), control of the system is
passed temporarily from the TDS-COGO48 to the operating system of the HP48 GX/SX.
In addition, the numerical value in the screen at the current cursor location is
loaded in the operational stack of the 48GX at level 1. The word HALT
appears in the top line of the screen to indicate that a running program has
been halted. Thus, it is now possible for you to perform any calculations that
Reference R-11
REFERENCE
you want in the stack, including calculations on the value that has been
returned. This can be done either manually from the keyboard or via other
software routines, which you may have written and loaded into the system
memory. When you are finished and wish to return to the TDS-COGO48,
press [CONT] or
[ON]. [CONT] is the purple shifted function above the
[ON] key. You will return to the screen you were in before executing [ESC].
When you return, the value at the cursor location is replaced by the value from
level 1 of the 48GXs stack.
If you find yourself at the HP-48GX system stack and do
not know why or how you got there, you may have
inadvertently pressed the [ESC] key. Check and see if
HALT is displayed on the top of the screen. If it is, then
press the [CONT] or
[ON] keys. If HALT is not
displayed, you must have accidentally [EXITed] the
program; Rerun the TDS-COGO48 program.
STORE COMMAND
Purpose of command - to allow you to take any numeric value from an input
field and store it to a temporary clipboard register.
Path:
[C].
To save a numeric value, first highlight the field that you want stored and
then press
[C]. The value can be moved to another field using the
[RECALL] key (see below).
Reference R-12
REFERENCE
PRINT COMMAND
Purpose of command - to allow you to print any screen or menu in the TDSCOGO48 with the HP-82240B Infrared Printer.
Path:
[D].
RECALL COMMAND
Purpose of command - to allow you to copy a numeric value from the
clipboard register to the currently highlighted input field.
Path:
[E].
MAIN COMMAND
Purpose of command - to allow you to return to the MAIN MENU from any
other screen or menu in the TDS-COGO48.
Path:
[F].
This command will immediately return to the MAIN MENU of the TDSCOGO48. It is a shortcut method of returning to the Main Menu home
base without pressing [EXIT] repeatedly.
Reference R-13
REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION OF SCREENS
In the sections of the reference manual that follow, each screen will be
described as follows:
First, the title of the screen will be in a box at the top of the page. This will
be followed by the primary menu path to arrive at the screen. If there are
alternative paths to the screen, they will also be given. Next, the screen
itself is presented. Alternative scrolling prompts are shown to the left of the
screen picture. Alternative scrolling data fields are shown to the right of the
screen picture. Below the screen picture are two framed groups of
information. The first framed group is reserved for a detailed description of
each input and output line of the display. The second framed group is
reserved for a detailed description of the command softkeys.
The screens are organized within this reference section by class and order of
screen. At the end of the screen descriptions, there is an alphabetical
reference list of screens by title.
Reference R-14
REFERENCE
EXIT
Reference R-15
REFERENCE
ABC.CR5
DEF.CR5
GHI.CR5
SELCT PGUP
PGDN
EXIT
This screen shows the names of the jobs that have been created in the TDSCOGO48. Move the scroll bar to the job you want to open by using the
vertical cursor keys [ ] and [ ]. Then press [SELCT].
Reference R-16
REFERENCE
Reference R-17
REFERENCE
PT -
STORE
0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
RCL
UNUSE
EXIT
Point number: is the value of the point number for, which the rest of the
data in the screen applies.
Northing: is the north coordinate of the current point.
Easting: is the east coordinate of the current point.
Elevation: is the elevation of the current point.
[PT +] will increment the point number to the next largest used point and
display its coordinate information.
[PT -] will decrement the point number to the next smallest used point and
display its coordinate information.
[STORE] will store the coordinate information currently shown in the
display as the information in the job file at the currently displayed point
number. If the current number already exists in the file, a warning screen
will be displayed to confirm that the point is to be overwritten.
[RCL] will temporarily shift to a recall point number screen. You may then
specify the point number to be recalled and press [ENTER] to return to the
Point Data Screen.
[UNUS] will display the next occurrence of an unused point with a point
number greater than the current point number in the file.
Reference R-18
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [G] Jobs Menu - [K] Save &
recall job - [G].
ABC.CR5
DEF.CR5
GHI.CR5
SELCT
EXIT
This screen shows the names of the jobs that are stored in the HP 48s
system memory. Move the scroll bar to the job you want to copy by using
the vertical cursor keys [ ] and [ ]. Then press [SELCT].
[SELCT] will copy the selected job from the system memory to the RAM
card.
From the Main Menu, press [G] Jobs Menu - [K] Save &
recall job - [H]
This screen shows the names of the jobs that are saved on the RAM card in
port 2. Move the scroll bar to the job you want to copy to the HP 48 system
memory by using the vertical cursor keys [ ] and [ ] then press [SELCT].
[SELCT] will copy the highlighted job from the RAM card to the system
memory.
Reference R-19
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [G] Jobs Menu - [K] Save &
recall job - [I]
This screen shows the names of the jobs that are stored on the RAM card in
port 2. Move the scroll bar to the job that you want to delete by using the
vertical cursor keys [ ] and [ ]. Then press [SELCT].
[SELCT] will delete the selected job file from the RAM card.
EXIT
This screen shows the names of the jobs that have been created in the TDSCOGO48. Move the scroll bar to the job you want to delete by using the
vertical cursor keys [ ] and [ ]. Then press [SELECT].
Reference R-20
REFERENCE
SETUP SCREEN
Purpose of screen - allow you to set the operating modes of the TDSCOGO48.
Path:
<= OFF / ON
<= OFF / ON
<= OFF / ON
<= Feet / Meter
<= Degree / Grad
EXIT
OP Modes (cont.)
Beeper:> ON
PREV
<= ON / OFF
EXIT
Reference R-21
REFERENCE
Elevation-Offset /
Using point list => >Elevation:
Offset
ENTE
PTLST
0.000
0.00
AREA CLEAR
EXIT
Reference R-22
REFERENCE
FILL
FIRST
0.00
120.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
EXIT
Reference R-23
REFERENCE
FILL
0
CLEAR
EXIT
Reference R-24
REFERENCE
3.70
100.00
3.70
100.00
EXIT
Section: {output only} is the total number of borrow pit sections that have
had their volumes accumulated.
Volume (Qyd): {output only} is the current section volume in cubic yards.
Volume (Qft): {output only} is the current section volume in cubic feet.
Total V(Qyd): {output only} is the total volume of the job in cubic yards
(+ for a cut, - for a fill).
Total V(Qft): {output only} is the total volume of the job in cubic feet (+
for a cut, - for a fill).
This is actually a command issued from the Earthwork Menu rather than a
Screen. It is particularly useful if you suspect that you have made a mistake
during the earthwork procedure and you would like to start over.
Reference R-25
REFERENCE
TRAVERSE/SIDESHOT SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to organize the gathering of the data required to perform
traverses and sideshots in the field.
Path:
0 FS:
0
Ang right / Azimuth / Bearing / BS:
Ang left / Def right /Def left=> >Ang right :
Zenith ang / Vert ang / Chng elev=> >Zenith ang:
Slope dist:
Slope dist / Slope dist / Horiz dist=>
HI:
SIDES
0.0000
0.0000
0.000
0.000 HR: 0.000
BACKS TRAV
EXIT
Reference R-26
REFERENCE
The coordinates will be stored in the job file at the foresight point number;
and the foresight point, occupied point, and backsight point number will be
adjusted to prepare for the next shot.
BACKSIGHT SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to allow you to establish a backsight for your fieldwork.
Path:
Circle:
BS Azm:
BS Brg:
SOLVE
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
N00.0000E
EXIT
Reference R-27
REFERENCE
DIRECTORY SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to allow you to review the directory of files in the TDSCOGO48.
Path:
##
##
##
EXIT
This screen will prompt you to enter a file specification. The file
extensions, which is used to stored Coordinate files in the TDSCOGO48 is .CR5.
Reference R-28
REFERENCE
ACREAGE SCREEN
Purpose of screen - To allow the computation of the area of a parcel of land
defined by a series of points stored in the TDS-COGO48.
Path:
Acreage
From point - To point
/Using point list => >From point:
To point
:
Acreage :
Perimeter:
Square ft:
SOLVE PTLST PRINT
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
EXIT
When the units are feet, the area is reported in both acres and
square feet and the perimeter is in feet.
When the units are meters, the screen is called the Area Screen,
the area is in square meters and the perimeter is in meters.
From point: - <Using point list>
These are the alternative methods of
To point:
specifying a sequence of points that are to make up the boundary of the
parcel. From point To point specifies that the points are to be connected in
numerical sequence. Also, the last point is connected to the first to
complete the closed area. The point list is a technique that you may use to
specify a boundary that is made up of points that are not in numerical
sequence. (See the Section of this Reference Manual that covers the Point
List Screen.)
Acreage: {output only} is the computed area in acres.
Perimeter: {output only} is the computed perimeter of the parcel in feet.
Sq feet: {output only} is the computed area in square feet.
Reference R-29
REFERENCE
[SOLVE] will compute the output lines based on the input points specified
at the top of the display.
[PTLST] will transfer to the Point List Screen.
[PRINT] will compute the area and perimeter and print the distance and
azimuth of each side of the polygon.
If the boundary of the area to be computed includes sections of
horizontal curves, they may be included in the point list. Point
lists that have curves included will compute the area within the
curved boundaries.
0.0000
Bearing: N00.0000E
A2B
B2A
EXIT
Reference R-30
REFERENCE
:
Zenith / Vert ang=> >Zenith
Slope dist:
0.0000
0.000
Horiz dist:
Vert. dist:
0.000
0.000
SOLVE
EXIT
Reference R-31
REFERENCE
INTERSECTION SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to find a point at the intersection of two lines emanating
from two known points. The intersection may be specified as two
directions, a direction and a distance, or two distances.
Path:
Point 1 :
Azimuth / Bearing /
Distance=> >Azimuth :
Point 2 :
Azimuth / Bearing => >Azimuth :
Store pt:
/ Distance
SOLVE DFDIR
0
0.0000
0
0.0000
0
EXIT
Point 1: is the point number of the first point from which the intersection
line is to be defined.
Azimuth - Bearing - Distance: is the known parameter from point 1, either
an azimuth, bearing, or distance.
Point 2: is the point number of the second point from which the intersection
line is to be defined.
Azimuth - Bearing - Distance: is the known parameter from point 2, either
an azimuth, bearing, or distance.
Store pt: is the point number of the intersection point at which the
coordinates should be stored.
[SOLVE] will compute the coordinates of the intersection point from the
data provided in the screen and store these coordinates at the specified point
number in the job coordinate file. After [SOLVE] has been pressed, the [
] and [ ] may be used on the appropriate lines of this screen to see the
other quantities to the intersection point. For example if you have solved for
a bearing-bearing intersection, you may display the distances from the two
points to the intersection point.
[DFDIR] will transfer to the Define A Direction Screen, where the azimuth
required for a direction specification for this screen may be computed from
other point information (see below).
Reference R-32
REFERENCE
EXIT
Reference R-33
REFERENCE
BYCRD BYLIN
EXIT
Begin point: is the first point on the line for, which the inverse is to be
computed.
End point: is the second point on the line for, which the inverse is to be
computed.
Bearing: {output only} is the bearing of the line from the first point to the
second point.
Azimuth: {output only} is the azimuth of the line from the first point to the
second point.
Horiz dist: {output only} is the horizontal distance between the two inputs
in this screen.
Vert dist: {output only} is the vertical distance between the two points in
this screen.
[SOLVE] will compute the azimuth, bearing and distance between the
points specified in the screen.
[BYCRD] will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the
inverse between points specified by coordinates (see below).
[BYLIN] will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the
perpendicular bearing and distance from a point to a line (see below).
Reference R-34
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [M] CO-GO Menu - [J] Inverse
By Points Screen - [BYCRD]
Begin N:
0.0000
Begin E:
0.0000
End N :
0.0000
End E :
0.0000
Bearing
: N00.0000E
Azimuth
:
0.0000
Horiz dist:
0.000
SOLVE BYPTS
BYLIN
EXIT
Begin N: is the north coordinate of the first point on the line for, which the
inverse is to be computed.
Begin E: is the east coordinate of the first point on the line for, which the
inverse is to be computed.
End N: is the north coordinate of the second point on the line for, which the
inverse is to be computed.
End E: is the east coordinate of the second point on the line for, which the
inverse is to be computed.
Azimuth: {output only} is the azimuth of the line from the first point to the
second point.
Bearing: {output only} is the bearing of the line from the first point to the
second point.
Horiz dist: {output only} is the horizontal distance between the two points
in this screen.
[SOLVE] will compute the azimuth, bearing and distance between the
points specified in the screen.
[BYPTS] will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the
inverse between points specified by point numbers (see above).
[BYLIN] will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the
perpendicular bearing and distance from a point to a line (see below).
Reference R-35
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [M] CO-GO Menu - [J] Inverse
By Points Screen - [BYLIN]
EXIT
Reference R-36
REFERENCE
[SOLVE] will compute the bearing and distances and display the results in
the Results Screen as shown above.
[BYPTS] will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the
inverse between points specified by point numbers (see above).
[BYCRD] will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the
inverse between points specified by coordinates (see above).
Reference R-37
REFERENCE
Point in Direction
Occupy pt:
0
0
Azimuth / Bearing=> >Azimuth :
Horiz dist:
0.000
+/- ang :
0.0000
Store pt:
0
SOLVE DFDIR
EXIT
Reference R-38
REFERENCE
EXIT
Reference R-39
REFERENCE
EXIT
Reference R-40
REFERENCE
EXIT
Reference R-41
REFERENCE
Reference R-42
REFERENCE
EXIT
Reference R-43
REFERENCE
Remote Elevation
>FS
elev:
0
FS elev / FS pt =>
0.0000
Zen ang/Vert ang/Chng elev=> >Zenith ang:
Slope dist:
0.000
Slope dist / Horiz dist
HI: 0.000 HR: 0.000
0
OC elev / OC pt => >OC elev:
SOLVE
EXIT
Reference R-44
REFERENCE
ADV
EXIT
Rod pt: is the point number of the current location of the rod.
Next pt: is the point number of the next point to be staked.
Reference pt: is any other point number in the job that is clearly visible by the
rod man. For example, this point can be the point number location of the gun.
Direction: {output only} is the direction expressed as a clock-face direction
from the rod point to the next point. If the rod man is standing at the rod point
and facing the reference point and the direction, is computed as 2 oclock, the
next point is in the two oclock direction assuming that 12 oclock on the
clock face is pointing toward the reference point.
Horiz. dist: {output only} is the computed horizontal distance from the rod
point to the next point.
Azimuth: {output only} is the actual azimuth angle (based on north or south
being zero azimuth) of the direction from the rod point to the next point. This
value may be used in conjunction with a field compass to located the direction
of the next point. This value is independent of the reference point.
[SOLVE] will compute the direction, horizontal distance, and azimuth based
on the values of the input data for this screen.
[ADV] will put the next point as the rod point and increment the next point.
Reference R-45
REFERENCE
Reference R-46
REFERENCE
>Acre
:
0.00
>From point:
0
To point
:
0
>Pt on line:
0.0000
Store pt :
0
Line brg : N00.0000E
Line dist :
0.000
EXIT
Reference R-47
REFERENCE
[SOLVE] will solve for the unknown point coordinates based on the input
information in the screen and will store these coordinates into the current
job file at the specified point number.
[PTLST] will transfer to the Point List Screen.
[DFDIR] will transfer to the Define a Direction Screen. In this way, the
bearing of the first line may be computed from two points on the line.
[PARAL] will transfer to the Parallel Pre-determined Area Screen, an
alternative technique for bounding a pre-determined area. (see below).
Reference R-48
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [M] CO-GO Menu - [Q] Predetermined Area Screen - [PARAL]
:
Side 1: pt 1:
pt 2:
pt 2 / Bearing=> >
Side 2: pt 1:
pt 2:
pt 2 / Bearing=> >
Store 1st pt:
2nd pt:
SOLVE
DFDIR
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
EXIT
Acre: - Square ft: is the predetermined area expressed as acres or square feet.
Side 1: Pt 1: is the first point that defines the first side of the parcel.
Pt 2: - Bearing: is the second point (or bearing) that defines the first side of
the parcel.
Side 2: Pt 1: is the first point that defines the second side of the parcel.
Pt 2: - Bearing: is the second point (or bearing) that defines the second side
of the parcel.
[Note: The line that defines the bearing of the unknown line is the line that
connects the two Pt 1s above.]
Store 1st pt: is the point number of the intersection of the unknown boundary
line with line 1.
Store 2nd pt: is the point number of the intersection of the unknown boundary
line with line 2.
[SOLVE] will solve for the unknown point coordinates based on the input
information in the screen and will store these coordinates into the current
job file at the specified point numbers.
[DFDIR] will transfer to the Define a Direction Screen. In this way, the
bearing of the first line may be computed from two points on the line.
Reference R-49
REFERENCE
Reference R-50
REFERENCE
Point Stake
Occupy pt:
BS pt / BS azm / BS brg => >BS pt :
FS pt
:
Circular :
Horiz dist:
SOLVE
0
0
0
0.0000
0.000
FS+1
EXIT
Occupy pt: is the point number of the currently occupied gun position from
which the stakeout will be done.
BS pt - BS azimuth - BS bearing: specifies the backsight either by point
number, azimuth, or bearing.
FS point: is the number of the foresight point (the point to be staked).
Circular: {output only} is the horizontal angle reading of the foresight.
Horiz. dist: {output only} is the horizontal distance from the occupied point
to the foresight point to be staked.
[SOLVE] will compute the circular angle and the horizontal distance from
the rest of the information in the screen.
[FS+1] will increment the foresight number in the screen by one. This is
useful when you have completed staking a point and you want to move on to
the next one. [FS +1] will also perform the [SOLVE] command on the point
after incrementing the point number.
Reference R-51
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [N] Survey Adjustment Menu [G]
Change Scale
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
To point
0
0
Base point:
0
Scale factor:0.0000000
Scale elevation:> Yes
<= Yes / No
SOLVE PTLST
EXIT
From point / To point - Using point list: allows you to specify all points,
which are to be included in the scale factor adjustment.
Base point: the Origin point for the scale factor adjustment. The
coordinates of the base-point will not change.
Scale factor: the amount of change of the relative linear distance between
the points as defined in the screen.
Scale elevation: specifies whether or not vertical distances should be
scaled.
[SOLVE] will compute the new coordinates for all of the points selected,
except the base-point, so that the relative distance between them will be
changed by multiplying the existing distances by the .
[PTLST] will transfer to the Point List Screen.
Reference R-52
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [N] Survey Adjustment Menu [H]
Translate Job
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
To point
:
Azimuth / Bearing=> >Azimuth :
Horiz dist:
Elevation+-:
SOLVE PTLST INVRS
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
EXIT
Reference R-53
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [N] Survey Adjustment Menu [I]
Rotate Job
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
To point
0
0
Rotation pt:
0
Old bearing: N00.0000E
New bearing: N00.0000E
SOLVE PTLST DFDIR
EXIT
Reference R-54
REFERENCE
Angle Adjustment
From pt: - To pt: or
0
*Using point list* => >From point:
To point
:
0
Traverse: >Close
Angle error:
SOLVE PTLST
-0.0026
ERROR
EXIT
From point / To point - Using point list: allow you to specify all points,
which are to be included in the angle adjustment.
Traverse: defines the traverse as close or open traverse
Angle error: is the angular error that is to be adjusted out of the survey.
[SOLVE] will divide the angular error equally among all of the angles of
the closed traverse and adjust the coordinates of all but the first two points.
[PTLST] will transfer to the Point List Screen.
[ERROR] will bring up the angular computation screens, which are shown
below. The angular error computations are different between close and open
traverse.
compute the angular error using the polygon rule. You may either enter a
closing angle or let the TDS-COGO48 compute the closing angle. (see
below) The error will be displayed in the Angle error field. To adjust the
angles of the traverse you must press [SOLVE] will a non-zero angle error.
Reference R-55
REFERENCE
EXIT
Closing Ang: this is the angle between the next to the last traverse point
through the closing point to the second point of the traverse. If you shot this
angle in the field you should enter the result as the Closing ang. If you do
not have the closing angle set this field to zero and the TDS-COGO48 will
calculate it for you.
Angle error: {output only}is the angular error that is to be adjusted out
of the survey.
[SOLVE] will compute the angular error using the polygon rule. You may
either enter a closing angle or let the TDS-COGO48 compute the closing
angle. (see below)
Angular error will be calculated by using the rule that the sum of all internal
angles of a polygon will be equal to the number of sides minus two
multiplied by 180 degrees. If the Closing angle is zero, the angle between
the next to the last, the last and the second points will be used. See the
example below.
Reference R-56
REFERENCE
Reference R-57
REFERENCE
-0.0026
EXIT
Computed azm: is the azimuth measured from the closing point to the
second point of the survey. This angle is entered by the user.
Correct azm: is the azimuth measured from the beginning point to the
second point of the survey. This angle is also entered by the user.
Angle error: {output only}is the angular error that is to be adjusted out
of the survey.
[SOLVE] will compute the angular simply by taking the difference between
the computed and the correct azimuths.
Reference R-58
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [N] Survey Adjustment Menu [K]
Compass Rule
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
To point
:
CLOSE TRAVERSE
Include vertical
closure:> Yes
SOLVE PTLST
OPEN
PRECI
0
0
<= Yes / No
EXIT
Reference R-59
REFERENCE
OPEN TRAVERSE
Purpose of screen - to allow you to adjust an open traverse by the Compass
Rule.
Path:
From the Main Menu press [N] Survey Adjustment Menu [K] Compass Rule - [OPEN]
Compass Rule
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
0
To point
:
0
OPEN TRAVERSE
Correct N:
0.000
Correct E:
0.000
Correct EL: 0.0000
RCL
EXIT
Reference R-60
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [N] Survey Adjustment Menu [L]
Transit Rule
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
To point
:
CLOSE TRAVERSE
SOLVE PTLST
OPEN
PRECI
0
0
EXIT
Reference R-61
REFERENCE
OPEN TRAVERSE
Purpose of screen - to allow you to adjust an open traverse by the Transit
Rule.
Path:
From the Main Menu press [N] Survey Adjustment Menu [L] Transit Rule - [OPEN]
Transit Rule
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
To point
:
OPEN TRAVERSE
Last point: 0
Corr north: 0.000
Corr east : 0.000
SOLVE PTLST CLOSE PRECI
0
0
EXIT
Reference R-62
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [O] Triangle Solutions Menu [G]
(SSS) Side a: 0.000
Side b: 0.000
Side c: 0.000
Angle A: 0.0000
Angle B: 0.0000
Angle C: 0.0000
Area
: 0.000
SOLVE
EXIT
Reference R-63
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [O] Triangle Solutions Menu [H]
(ASA) Angle A: 0.0000
Side c : 0.000
Angle B: 0.0000
Angle C: 0.000
Side a : 0.000
Side b : 0.000
Area
: 0.000
SOLVE
EXIT
Reference R-64
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [O] Triangle Solutions Menu [I]
(SAA) Side c: 0.000
Angle B: 0.0000
Angle C: 0.0000
Side a : 0.000
Side b : 0.000
Angle A: 0.0000
Area
: 0.000
SOLVE
EXIT
Reference R-65
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [O] Triangle Solutions Menu [J]
(SAS) Side b: 0.000
Angle A: 0.0000
Side c : 0.000
Angle B: 0.0000
Side a : 0.000
Angle C: 0.0000
Area
: 0.000
SOLVE
EXIT
Reference R-66
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [O] Triangle Solutions Menu [K]
(SSA) Side b: 0.000
Side c : 0.000
Angle B: 0.0000
Side a : 0.000
Angle C: 0.0000
Angle A: 0.0000
Area
: 0.000
SOLVE
EXIT
Reference R-67
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [O] Triangle Solutions Menu - [L]
Differential Leveling
0
BS elv / BS pt=> >BS elv:
BS rod reading: 0.000
FS rod reading: 0.000
Instr. elev:
FS elev:
SOLVE
FS2BS
0.000
0.0000
EXIT
BS elev - BS pt: allows you to specify the back sight elevation either as an
elevation or a point number, which has a known elevation.
BS rod reading: is the height of the target on the rod at the backsight point.
FS rod reading: is the height of the target on the rod at the foresight point.
Instr. elev: { output only } is the elevation of the instrument.
FS elev: { output only } is the elevation at the foresight point.
[SOLVE] will solve for the output values based on the input information in
the screen and will display the computed values on the screen.
[FS2BS] will transfer the foresight elevation computed to the backsight
elevation field to allow you to check your readings.
Reference R-68
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [O] Triangle Solutions Menu - [M]
Trig. Leveling
0
Station elv / pt=> >Station elv:
HI: 0.000
Horiz dist:
0.000
0.0000
Vert ang / Zenith=> >Vert ang:
Target elv:
0.000
VD +- hor plan: 0.000
SOLVE
EXIT
Station elv - Station point: allows you to specify the elevation of the instrument
point either as an elevation or a point number, which has a known elevation.
HI: the height of the instrument above the ground.
Horiz dist: the horizontal distance from the instrument point to the vertical
plane containing the two points.
Vert ang - Zenith: allows you to specify the angle between the horizontal
plane and the target point.
Target elv: { output only } the elevation of the target.
VD +- hor plan: { output only } the vertical distance from the target to the
horizontal plane of the instrument.
Reference R-69
REFERENCE
[SOLVE] will solve for the
output values based on the
input information in the
screen and will display the
computed values on the
screen.
Reference R-70
REFERENCE
Screen Plot
From point - To point /
Using point list => >From point:
To point
0
0
<= Yes / No
EXIT
Reference R-71
REFERENCE
POINTS SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to show the point plot from the previous screen.
Path:
The points on this screen are shown on a square virtual display with the north
direction at the top of the display. You may press and hold down the vertical
cursor keys [ ] and [ ] to scroll to the rest of the display. To return to the
Screen Plot Screen, press [ON].
Reference R-72
REFERENCE
LINES SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to show the line plot from the previous screen.
Path:
The points and lines screens are shown on a square virtual display with the
north direction at the top of the display. You may press and hold down the
vertical cursor keys [ ] and [ ] to scroll to the rest of the display. To return
to the Screen Plot Screen, press [ON]. The Points screen is displayed with
the point numbers On while the Lines screen on the next page, has then Off.
If you are using the Point List option to specify the point
sequence and you want to show a figure that has more than one
separate connected line sequence, you may lift the pen in this
screen plot by inserting a PENUP command in the point list.
Use the [PENU] softkey in the Point List Screen.
Reference R-73
REFERENCE
0.000
0.000
Definition:> Arc
SOLVE
LAYOU
<=Arc / Chord
EXIT
Reference R-74
REFERENCE
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.0000
0.0000
0.000
0.000
MORE
EXIT
Midordinate:
Segment :
Sector :
0.0000
0.000
0.000
EXIT
Reference R-75
REFERENCE
PC - Point of Curvature
PT - Point of Tangency
PI - Point of Intersection
P - Radius Point
R - Radius
L - Length (Arc Length)
C - Chord Length
T - Tangent Length
E - External
M - Mid-ordinate
D - Internal angle from center
to tangent points
Degree of Curvature Internal angle
equivalent to a 100 ft
arc length
Degree of Curvature =
(18,000) / (R x p)
Expressed in
degrees, minutes, and
seconds.
[MORE] will show the value of the mid ordinate, Segment and Sector. Then
pressing the [EXIT] key will return to the previous screen.
Reference R-76
REFERENCE
PC DEFLECTION SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to allow you to layout a horizontal curve by deflection
angles from the PC.
Path:
STA+
EXIT
PC sta: is the station number of the PC. Your gun should be occupying the
PC and backsighting the PI.
Curr sta: is the station number of the current station.
Sta. interval: is the interval from the current station to the next station.
Def ang: {output only} is the deflection angle from the PC-PI line to the
next station assuming the current station is occupied.
Long chord: {output only} is the length of the chord from the next station
to the PC.
Short chord: {output only}is the length of the chord from the next station
to the current station.
[SOLVE] will compute the deflection angle and chord lengths from the
screen data.
[STA+] will increment from the current station to the next station using the
assigned station interval.
Reference R-77
REFERENCE
PI DEFLECTION SCREEN
Purpose of screen - to allow you to layout a horizontal curve by deflection
angles from the PI.
Path:
Reference R-78
STA+
0.0000
0.000
EXIT
REFERENCE
PI sta: is the station number of the PI. Your gun should be occupying the
PI and backsighting the PC.
Curr sta: is the station number of the current station.
Sta. interval: is the interval from the current station to the next station.
Def ang: {output only} is the deflection angle from the PI- PC line to the
next station.
Distance: {output only} is the distance from the PI to the next station.
[SOLVE] will compute the deflection angle and distance from the screen
data.
[STA+] will increment from the current station to the next station using the
assigned station interval.
Reference R-79
REFERENCE
STA+
EXIT
PC sta.: is the station number of the PC. Your gun should be occupying the
PC and backsighting the forward tangent.
Curr sta: is the station number of the current station.
Sta. interval: is the interval from the current station to the next station.
Tangent dist: {output only} is the distance from the PC to the point at
which the tangent is closest to the current station. This point is the point
from which the Tangent Offset is measured.
Tan offset: {output only} is the distance from the current station to the
point on the tangent line, which is closest to the current station.
Tan-Tan. dist: {output only} is the distance from the PI to the point at
which the tangent is closest to the current station.
[SOLVE] will compute the deflection angle and distance from the screen
data.
[STA+] will increment from the current station to the next station using the
assigned station interval.
Reference R-80
REFERENCE
STA+
EXIT
Reference R-81
REFERENCE
PC sta.: is the station number of the PC. Your gun should be occupying the
PC and backsighting the forward tangent.
Curr sta: is the station number of the current station.
Sta. interval: is the interval from the current station to the next station.
Def. angle: {output only} is the deflection angle from the last station to the
next station, assuming the current station is occupied.
Chord dist.: {output only} is the distance from the PC to the point on the
chord, which is closest to the current station.
Chord offset: {output only} is the distance from the current station to the
closest point on the chord.
[SOLVE] will compute the deflection angle and distance from the screen
data.
[STA+] will increment from the current station to the next station using the
assigned station interval.
Reference R-82
REFERENCE
LAYOU CURV
EXIT
Reference R-83
REFERENCE
Through 3 Points
Radius / 1st=> >Radius point:
2nd point:
3rd point:
Sto radius pt:
Radius:
0.000
Length:
0.000
SOLVE
0
0
0
0
EXIT
Radius Point: - 1st Point: 1st Point is the point number of the Start of
Curve Point. Radius Point is the point number of the center of the curve.
2nd point: if the 1st Point-Radius Point line is set to 1st Point, this is the
point number of the second point on the curve. This point may be at .any
location between the start and the end of the curve. If the 1st Point-Radius
Point line is set to Radius Point, this is the Start of Curve point.
3rd point: if the 1st Point-Radius Point line is set to 1st Point, this is the
point number of the End of Curve point. If the 1st Point-Radius Point line is
set to Radius Point, this is the point number of the End Azimuth Point.
Sto radius pt: if this field has a valid point number, the radius point will be
computed and stored. If this field is zero, no radius point will be computed.
Radius: {output only} is the radius of the curve.
Length: {output only} is the arc length of the curve.
[SOLVE] will solve for the curve parameters.
[DATA] after solving for the curve parameters, this key will transfer to the
Curve Solution Screen to display them.
[LAYOU] will transfer to the Horizontal Curve Layout Menu (see above).
[TRAV] will transfer to the Traverse on a Curve Screen (see above).
Reference R-84
REFERENCE
CURV
0
0
<=Right / Left
0
EXIT
Reference R-85
REFERENCE
BACK
<=Right / Left
EXIT
Reference R-86
REFERENCE
Vertical Curve
0 +0.000
Elevation:
0.000
0.00
Length / Sta. Elevation / => >Length:
PVC Sta./ PVI Sta. => >PVC sta.:
H/L El
Beg.grade(%):
End grade(%):
SOLVE
LAYOU
0.000
0.000
EXIT
PVC sta.: - PVI sta: is the station number of either the PC or the PI of the
vertical curve.
Elevation: is the elevation at the PVC or PVI station.
Length: - H/L pt ele: - Sta:
Elevation: is the horizontal length between the PC
and PT or another station number and elevation along or the elevation of the
high or low point of the vertical curve.
Beg grade (%): is the beginning grade of the vertical curve expressed as a
% (+ for uphill; - for downhill).
End grade (%): is the ending grade of the vertical curve expressed as a %
(+ for uphill; - for downhill).
[SOLVE] will compute the properties of the vertical curve and display the
results in the Vertical Curve Solution Screen (see below)
[LAYOU] will transfer to the Vertical Curve Layout Screen (see below).
Reference R-87
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [Q] Curve Menu - [L] Vertical
Curve Screen - [SOLVE]
PVC Sta.:
0+
Elev:
0.000
PVI Sta.:
0+
Elev:
0.000
PVT Sta.:
0+
Elev:
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
MORE
EXIT
High/Low point
Station: 0+ 0.000
elev:
0.000
EXIT
Reference R-88
REFERENCE
From the Main Menu, press [Q] Curve Menu - [L] Vertical
Curve Screen - [LAYOU]
Vert. Curve Layout
Sta.intvl:
0.000
Station:
0 +
0.000
Elevation:
0.000
S->E
E->S
STA+
EXIT
Reference R-89
REFERENCE
E->S
STA+
Grade
0+
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0+
0.000
0.000
EXIT
Reference R-90
REFERENCE
Print Points
From point - To point
/ Using point list => >From point:
To point
:
PRINT PTLST
0
0
EXIT
Reference R-91
REFERENCE
<=Wire / IR
<=9600 / 1200 / 2400 / 4800
<=None / Odd / Even
EXIT
Reference R-92
REFERENCE
Path:
File Transfer
IR/wire:
>Wire
Baud rate: >9600
Parity:
>None
Start pt:
End pt:
SEND
RECV
SBLK
<=Wire / IR
<=9600 / 1200 / 2400 / 4800
<=None / Odd /Even
0
0
EXIT
Reference R-93
REFERENCE
NXT PT?
CURVE
END
DEL
EDIT
PENU
EXIT
The Point List is a mechanism with which you can specify a block of points
for some operations in the TDS-COGO48. You may build the list one point at
a time or by specifying sequentially numbered points as groups by keying in
the first and last point in the group with a [-] between. (such as 10-15).
Another special command is to insert a sideshot in a point list. To do this,
press [] [S] [S] [space] followed by the point number of the sideshot. These
features may be combined. To insert a group of consecutively numbered
sideshots into a point list, press [] [S] [S] [space] followed by the first point
number; then [-]; then the last point number in the sequence. This feature is
particularly useful if you want to do an adjustment of a traverse that has
sideshots in it. The traverse point coordinates will be adjusted according to
the selected rule. The sideshot coordinates will be adjusted according to the
adjusted values of the traverse coordinates. The screen plot will also
recognize the SS symbol.
[CURVE] will transfer to the Horiz/Vert Curve Screen (see below).
[END] will move the scroll bar to the end of the point list.
[DEL] will delete the Point List entry line that is in the screen immediately
above the data entry bar.
[EDIT] will replace the entry above the data entry bar with the contents of the bar.
[PENU] will lift the pen and not draw a line to the next point when doing a
screen plot of the lines in this point list.
[ENTER] (main keyboard) will insert the contents of the data entry bar after
the last entry currently on view in the screen.
Reference R-94
REFERENCE
Horiz/Vert Curve
P1:
0 P2:
0
Radius / Straight vert
>Radius :
0.000
curve => Turn: >Right
Arc: >Small
Beg grade(%): 0.000
End grade(%): 0.000
ENTR
<=Right / Left
<= Small / Large
EXIT
Selecting this command will delete all entries in the currently active point list.
Reference R-95
APPENDIX A
Technical Specifications*
COGO Software
Main Operating Functions
job creation
setup
initialization
Traverse/Sideshot
single readings
trig. leveling
differential leveling
CO-GO
areas
elevation
conversions
intersections
inverses
point-in -direction
2 and 3 point resections
corner angle computation
benchmark
pre-determined area
Earthworks
volume of a berm or gully
Triangle Solutions
differential leveling
trig leveling
Curves
horizontals
verticals
Adjustments
scale changes
translations
compass rule
job rotations
angle adjustment
transit rule
Appendix A-1
APPENDIX A
Physical
File transfer to office equipment:
Office computers and workstations
Coordinate files
Printers
Coordinate files
Dimensions: 7.1 x 3.2 x 1.15
Weight: 11 oz (including batteries and cards)
Power: 3 AAA Alkaline batteries
[batteries should last several months under normal usage]
Environmental:
Operating Temperature:
(with heater off) 32o - 113o F
Storage Temperature:-20o - 160o F
Hardware features:
Display: Liquid Crystal 8 line x 22 character
Keyboard: 49 key membrane actuator with tactile feedback
Software features:
Operating/Calculator System: (HP-48)
Application: TDS-field computer routines
Memory
32k-byte, RAM built into the HP-48SX. (Up to 1000 Pts.)
or
128k-byte, RAM built into the HP-48GX. (Up to 4000 Pts.)
Interfaces:
RS-232 (4 pin) port built in for communication with desktop
computers and total stations
I/R port built in for wireless communication between units as well as
to the HP 82240B Infrared Portable Printer.
Appendix A-2
APPENDIX B
File Format of TDS-48 Coordinate Files
The TDS Coordinate File is a binary file consisting of a 38 byte header,
followed by coordinate point records 45 bytes in length. The coordinate file
must have the file extension of .CR5, and in the case of the HP-48 series of
Hewlett Packard Calculators, the file extension must be upper case.
Definition:
Header:
Bytes 1-10 is the file name in ASCII
Bytes 11-20 are not used
Bytes 21-34 is the starting point number in MS long integer format. This
record is -1 if the file is non-sequential
Bytes 35-38 is the last point number in MS long integer format
Coordinate Point Records:
Bytes 1-4 is the point number in MS long integer format. This record is -1 if
the point is unused (sequential files only)
Bytes 5-12 is the northing of the point in MS double precision real
Bytes 13-20 is the easting of the point in MS double prescision real
Bytes 21-28 is the elevation of the point in MS double precision real
Bytes 29-45 is the point descriptor in ASCII
Appendix B-1
C. TROUBLE SHOOTING
This appendix should be the first place you check for problems
that you may have when operating your TDS-COGO48. These
are a list of the most frequently asked technical support
questions.
Solutions to Try
Remember, when there is a > character in
front of a prompt, you can change that
prompt, using the [ ] or [ ] arrow keys.
Highlight the field that you want to change
the prompt for and scroll through the choices
until you have found the one desired.
Naming a file:
Appendix C-1
TROUBLE SHOOTING
COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE (To PC or Instrument)
Your Problem
Solutions to Try
Appendix C-2
TROUBLE SHOOTING
5. The HP-48 has a built in self test that can indicate a problem
with the RS232 port. Press the [ON] and the [D] keys a the
same time. When you release them the 48 screen should
blank except for 3 vertical lines. Now short together the
center two pins of the 48s RS232 port with a metal object.
With the center pins shorted press the [H] key. The short
should be maintained until the result is displayed. A display
of U_LB 20000 indicates that, either the short was not
properly made or the HP-48 has a problem with its port. You
should short the pins together and press [H] several more
time, in an attempt to get a OK response. A display of
U_LB OK indicates that the loop back test has past. This is
not proof positive that the 48s port is working properly but is
a good indicator that it is OK. To return to the normal
operation, hold down [ON] and [C] at the same time. This
should return you to the HOME screen.
6.Your cable should be tested for shorts, to see if all necessary
wires are still connected. A continuity meter can be used for
this purpose or the cable can be taken to an electronics repair
shop. If you have a 9 pin connector on the PC end of your
cable, then pins 2,3 and 5 should go to one and only one pin
on the 4 pin HP-48 end. If you have a 25 pin connector into
your PC then pins 2,3 and 7 should go to one and only one
pin on the 4 pin HP-48 end.
Care should be taken when plugging the cable into the HP-48.
The 4 pins in the 48 can slip between the rubber housing and
the plastic plug itself. When you look at the end of the 4 pin
connector, if you can see 4 small indents on one side of the
connector you have slid the pins into the side. In the future
be sure that the connector is directly in line with the pins
before pushing the connector in place.
7. The Survey Link program stores a number of system
variables and parameters in a file called SETTINGS. If this
file becomes corrupted, Survey Link will act erratic. You can
delete this file and Survey Link will regenerate it when it
finds it is no longer there.
If the above solutions do not solve your communication problems,
the indication would be that your problem is with your PCs RS232
port. You should test that port by sending data to another RS232
device or by taking your PC to a computer repair shop.
Appendix C-3
TROUBLE SHOOTING
If you are using Kermit as your
communication software, TDS
cannot support your interface
difficulties that are attributed to
configuring Kermit. It is the
users responsibility to properly
configure Kermit for his system.
It is difficult to determine where
a communication problem is
coming from when a system is
improperly setup. Survey Link
takes care of most of these
difficulties.
Appendix C-4
TROUBLE SHOOTING
HP-48 HARDWARE (Reset / Batteries / Memory cards)
Your Problem
The HP-48 system is not
responding Pressing the [ON]
or CANCEL key will not bring it
back to life. Try the solutions to
the right stating a the top:
Solutions to Try
KEYBOARD RESET: Hold down the
[ON] key and press the [C] key; Then
release them both. Both the [ON] and
[C] key must be depressed at the same
time and then be release before the reset
will occur. The calculator screen will
blank and the {HOME} system stack
should be displayed.
***WARNING***
Several of the following suggestions can cause the HP-48 to a memory.loss.
Do to the fact that the coordinate data is stored in the main memory, you
should atempt to recover memory. If you see the mesage Try to recover
Memory Yes/No press [A] for Yes first. If the HP-48 dose not return from
trying to recover memory or if the data is corrupted you may need to say NO
the the above prompt but all the data will be lost. Allways back up your data
frequently!
HARDWARE RESET: On the back of
the HP-48 there are 4 rubber pads that can
be removed by gentle prying on there edge,
with a fingernail. Under the upper right
pad (as you look at the back of the 48) will
be a hole with the letter R next to it.
Straighten one end of a metal paper clip
and insert it into this hole as far as it will
go. Hold for one second and remove.
Press the [ON] key. You may also need to
execute a Keyboard reset at this time.
The TDS-COGO48 program is
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN: This will shut
not functioning as it once did or the 48 OFF in such a way as to reset the
one routine is acting incorrectly. operating system. No memory should be
Try the Solutions to the right one effected. Hold down the [ON] and the
at a time, starting at SYSTEM
[SPC] keys at the same time. When you
release them the calculator should turn
SHUTDOWN
itself OFF.
Appendix C-5
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Appendix C-6
INDEX
[], 2-3
[ ] or [ ], 2-4, 2-5
2 Pt Resection, 6-8
-A[A2B], R-30
Acreage, 3-9, R-29
Adjustment, 7-1, R-52
Angle Adjustment, 7-4, R-55
Angular Error, 7-5, R-56
Change Scale, 7-8, R-52
Closure, 7-4, R-59
Compass Rule, 7-7, R-59
Earth Curvature, 2-14, R-21
Rotate Job, 7-3, R-54
Scale Factor, 2-14, R-21, R-52
Traverse, R-55 to R-61
[ADV], R-45
Angle
Between two lines, R-43
Calculations, 2-12, R-11, R-43
Deflection, R-76 to R-80
Left, R-26
Right, 6-1, R-26
Units, 2-14, R-21
Vertical, R-26
Angle - Side - Angle, 5-3
Angle Adjustment, R-55
Arc Length, 4-5, R-75, R-83, R-85
[AREA], 8-5
Area, 4-10
Area Calculations, 3-9
Determined, 3-12
Parallel, 3-14, R-49
Predetermined, R-47
ASA, 5-3
Azimuth, R-26
Backsight, 6-3
Conversions, R-30
North/South, 2-14, R-21, R-24
-B[B2A], R-30
[BACK], 6-3, R-85
Back & Restore Data, 9-4, R-92
Backsight
Azimuth, 6-3, R-51, R-85
Circle Reading, R-27
Baud Rate, 9-2, 9-4, R-91, R-92
Bearing, 2-13, R-26
Backsight, R-51
Beeper, 2-14
Beginning a Job, 2-15, R-15, R-22
Beginning Grade, R-86, R-94
Benchmark, 6-10
Block of Points
Transfer, R-92
[BYCRD], 3-4, R-34, R-37
[BYLIN], 3-4, R-34, R-35
[BYPTS], 3-4, R-35, R-37
-CCalculator, 2-10, R-11
Change
Horiz. Dist., R-26, R-31
in Elev., R-31., R-53
Change Scale, 7-8, R-52
Chord Length, 4-5, R-75
Circle angle, 6-5
Index i
INDEX
-DCircular, R-39, R-51
[CLEAR], 8-6
Clear Point List, 3-11
[CLOSE], 7-7, R-60, R-62
Closed Traverse, 7-7, R-59, R-61
Closure, R-59
Comm. Interface, A-2
Compass Rule, 7-7, R-59, R-61
Compute Radius Point, 4-7
Configuring the HP48, 1-2
[CONT], 2-11
Conversion
Azimuth/Bearing, R-30
Zenith/Slope Dist., R-31
Coordinate Editing, 2-17, R-18
Coordinate Geometry, 3-1, R-28,
Coordinate Translation, 7-2, R-53
Corner Angle, R-43
[CREAT], 2-16, R-15, R-22
Creating:
a Job, 2-15, R-15, R-22
a Point List, 7-4, R-93
[CST], 9-6
Cubic Feet, 8-6
Cubic Yards, 8-6
Cumulative Volume, 8-6
Current Job Info., 2-16, R-17
Curvature Adjustment, 2-14, R-21
[CURVE], 4-10, R-84, R-93
Curves
Finding Point of Curvature, R-82
Horizontal, 4-3, R-73
PI & Tangent Known, 4-6, R-82
Sloving for, 4-3
Through Three Points, 4-7, R-83
Traverse, R-85
Vertical, R-86
[CUT], 8-5, 8-11
Index ii
[DATA], 4-8
Data Communication, 1-2
Data Transfer, 9-4, R-92
Define a Direction, R-33
Deflection (PC/PI), R-76 to R-80
Deflection (Right/Left), R-26
Degree of Curvature, 4-5
Degrees (Units), 2-14, R-75
[DEL], 3-11, R-93
Delete Coordinate file, 2-17, R-19
Delta, 4-5, R-75
[DFDIR], R-32, R-38, R-48, R-49,
R-54
Differential Leveling, 5-5
Direct Access keys, 2-8, R-8
Directory, R-28
Distance
Units, 2-14, R-21
Distance Calculations, 2-12
[DOWN], R-18
-E[E-->S], R-88, R-89
Earth curve Adj., 2-14, R-21
Earthwork
Average End Area, 8-4
Borrow Pit, 8-10
Easting, 2-17, R-18
[EDIT], R-93
Edit
Coordinate, 2-17
Coordinates, R-18
Elevation, 2-17, 3-6, 7-2, R-18, R-44
Elevation Remote, R-44
[END], R-93
Ending Grade, R-86, R-94
Environment, A-2
INDEX
-I[ERROR], 7-5
[ESC], 2-10, 4-4, R-11
Existing Job, 2-17, R-16
[EXIT], 1-6, 2-2
External, 4-5, R-75
-FFeet (Units), 2-14, 7-8, R-29
File Formats, B-1
File Transfer, 9-4, R-92
[FILL], 8-5, 8-11
[FIRST], 8-5
Foresight, 6-3, R-26, R-44, R-51
[FS+1], R-51
[FS2BS], 5-5
Function List, A-1
-GGeometry Calc., 3-1, R-28, R-29
Go To Next Point, R-45
Grade, R-86
Grads, 2-14
-HHardware Requirements, 1-2
Height of Inst./Rod, R-26
Hi/Low point, R-86, R-87
Hinge Line Pre-determ. area, 3-12
Horizontal
Angle, R-26
Curve, 4-1, R-73
Distance, R-26
Increment
Foresight, R-51
Installation, 1-3
Intersection, 3-5, 4-2, R-32
[INVRS], 7-3
Inverse
By Coordinates ([BYCRD]), 3-4,
R-35
By Line ([BYLIN]), 3-4, R-36
By Points ([BYPTS]), 3-4, R-34
-JJob
Create, 2-15, R-15, R-22
Current Info., 2-17
Delete, 2-17, R-19
Name, 2-15, R-15, R-17
Open, 2-17, R-16
Job Information, R-17
-KKeyboard, 2-7
Keyboard Overlay, 2-7, R-8
-LLarge Arc, R-94
[LAYOU], R-73, R-82, R-83, R-86
Length, 4-5, R-75
Leveling
Differential, 5-5
Trigonometric, 5-6
[LINES], 3-16, 6-6, R-70
Long Side, R-36
Index iii
INDEX
-M[MAIN], 2-12
Memory, 1-4, R-17
Menu, 2-2
Meters (Units), 7-8
Metric (see Units), 2-14
Mid-ordinate, 4-5, R-75
Mode
Alpha, 1-5, 2-3
[MORE], 2-2, 4-5, 5-4
Move Job, 7-2, R-53, R-54
-NName Job, 2-15, R-15
New Job, 2-15, R-15, R-22
Next Point, R-45
North/South Azimuth, 2-14, R-21
Northing, 2-17, R-18
[NOTE], R-11
-OOccupied Point, 6-3, R-26, R-51
Offset, 4-8
[OPEN], 7-7, R-59, R-61
Open Job, 2-17, R-16
Open Traverse, 7-7, R-60, R-62
Operating Modes, R-21, R-24
-P[PARAL], 3-14, R-48
Parallel Area, R-49
Parallel Pre-determined Area, 3-14
Parity, 9-2, 9-4, R-91, R-92
PC (Point of Curvature), 4-5, R-75
PC\PI, R-76, R-77, R-82
Index iv
INDEX
[RECV], 9-5, R-92
Receive Files, R-92
Remote Elevation, 6-10, R-44
Requirements, 1-2
Resection, 6-8, R-39, R-41
Retreiving Data, 9-7
Road Volumes, 8-8
Rod Man's Direction, R-45
Rotate Job, 7-3, R-54
Running TDS-COGO48, 1-5, 9-6
-S[S-->E], R-88, R-89
SAA, 5-2
SAS, 5-2
Save Data to PC, 9-4, R-92
[SBLK], 9-5, R-92
[SCALE], 6-7, R-70
Scale (Change), 6-7, 7-8, R-52
Scale Factor, 2-14, R-21, R-24, R-52
Screen Plot, 3-15, 6-6, R-72
Screen Print, 9-3
Screen Tree Map, R-6
Scrolling Prompt, 2-5
Sector, 4-5
Segment, 4-5
[SELCT], 9-4, R-16, R-19, R-20
Select a File, 2-17, R-16
[SEND], 9-4, R-92
Send Files, R-92
Setup, 2-14
Baud Rate & Parity, 9-2, 9-4,
R-91
Modes, R-21, R-24
Print, 9-2, R-91
Shoot Benchmark, R-44
Shot, R-23, R-26
Side - Angle- Angle, 5-2
Side - Angle- Side, 5-2
Index v
INDEX
Traverse, 6-2
Adjustments, R-55 to R-61
On a Curve, R-85
Triangle Solutions, 5-1
Trigonometric Leveling, 5-6
Index vi