6.DMFT Index A

Preventive and community
dentistry II
DMFT Index I and II
D Caroline Mohamed
7 semester
D Caroline Mohamed
Objectives
DMFT index
Caries detection
Criteria for caries
Calculation of DMFT
Root caries measurement
D Caroline Mohamed
Dental caries
Caries is a point in a persons life at which the
process of demineralization of tooth structure
by acid from bacteria in the tooth biofilm
overwhelms the patients ability to
remineralize tooth structure.
The end stage of dental caries disease
process is cavitation.
D Caroline Mohamed
How many teeth have caries lesions (incipient

caries not included)?
How many teeth have been extracted?
How many teeth have fillings or crowns?
D Caroline Mohamed
DENTAL INDICES
An index is defined as a numerical value
describing the relative status of a population
on a graduated scale with a definite upper and
lower limits designed to permit and facilitate
comparison with other populations classified
by the same criteria and methods.
Index
Graduated numerical scale with upper &
lower limits, with scores on the scale
corresponding to specific criteria
designed to permit and facilitate comparison
with other populations classified by the same
criteria and methods.
Types of
indices:
Reversible
(GI)
Complex
(PI)
Irreversible
(DMF)
Requirements of an ideal index:

1- Validity : measure whats intended to measure
2- Reliability: consistent at different times under a variety
of conditions
3- Clarity, simplicity & objectivity: readily memorized after
some practice
4- Quantitability: amenable to statistical analysis
5- Sensitivity: detect small shift
6- Acceptability: not painful
COMMONNLY USED INDICES IN

DENTISTRY
DMFT/dmft
OHI-S
CPITN
Plaque index of Silness and Loe
Gingival index of Silness and Loe
Tooth chart positioning
D Caroline Mohamed
10
FDI Dental Federation notation system
D Caroline Mohamed
11
D Caroline Mohamed
12
Dental examination Charts
D Caroline Mohamed
13
D Caroline Mohamed
14
D Caroline Mohamed
15
D Caroline Mohamed
16
D Caroline Mohamed
17
Indices used for dental caries assessment

1- Indices used for coronal caries.
A- Permanent teeth.
B- Primary teeth.
2- Indices used for root caries.
D Caroline Mohamed
18
Permanent teeth index:

Decayed-Missing-Filled Index ( DMF )
Klein, Palmer and Knutson,1938 and modified by WHO:
The DMF is an irreversible index, applied only

to permanent teeth. And always significant by
upper case letters.
1-DMF teeth index (DMFT) measures the prevalence of
dental caries/Teeth.
2- DMF surfaces index (DMFS) which measures the
severity of dental caries.
D Caroline Mohamed
19
DMFT Indices
The Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) index has
been used for more than 70 years and is well
established as the key measure of caries
experience in dental epidemiology.
D Caroline Mohamed
20
MDF-T components:
D component: an irreversible index used to
measure past and present caries experience of
a population with permanent teeth.
Decayed teeth which include:
1. Carious tooth.
2. Filled tooth with recurrent decay.
3. Only the root are left.
4. Defect filling with caries.
5. Temporary filling.
6. Filled tooth surface with other surface decayed.
D Caroline Mohamed
21
Sound
D Caroline Mohamed
22
Decayed
Tooth or root with caries.
Definite cavity, undermined enamel, or detectably softened
or leathery area of enamel or cementum .
Tooth with temporary filling
Teeth sealed but decayed
Where any doubt exists, the surface is
recorded as sound.
D Caroline Mohamed
23
D Caroline Mohamed
24
Decayed D
D Caroline Mohamed
25
M component
Missing teeth due to caries.

Tooth that were extracted for reasons other
than caries should be excluded, which include:

1. Orthodontic treatment.
2. Impaction.
3. Periodontal disease.
4. Unerupted teeth.
5. Congenitally missing.
6. Avulsion teeth due to trauma or accident.
7. Primary teeth retained in the permanent
dentition.
D Caroline Mohamed
26
M
I
S
S
E
d
D Caroline Mohamed
27
Missed
D Caroline Mohamed
28
F component:
Filled teeth due to caries.
Permanent restorations present and no secondary
(recurrent) caries or other area of the tooth with primary
caries.
A tooth with a crown placed because of previous decay.
Teeth restored for reason other than dental caries should
be excluded, which include:
1. Trauma (fracture).
2. Hypoplasia (cosmatic purposes).
3. Bridge abutment (retention).
4. Sealed root canal due to trauma.
D Caroline Mohamed
29
Filled
Filled tooth with no decay
D Caroline Mohamed
30
D Caroline Mohamed
31
Principle and rules in recoding:

1-DMFT:
1- A tooth may have several restorations but it
counted as one tooth, F.
2- A tooth may have restoration on one surface
and caries on the other, it should be counted
as decayed D .
3- No tooth must be counted more than once,
D M F or sound.
D Caroline Mohamed
32
Note :
1- A tooth is considered to be erupted when
the cusp tip of the occlusal surface or incisor
edge is exposed.
The excluded teeth in the DMF index are:
1- Supernumerary teeth.
2- The third molar. Klein, Palmer and Knutson only.
D Caroline Mohamed
33
The DMF Index is applied to the permanent

dentition.
When the index is applied to teeth, it is called
the DMFT index, and scores per individual can
range from 0 to 28 or 32, depending on
whether the third molars are included in the
scoring.
D Caroline Mohamed
34
Training
D Caroline Mohamed
35
Analyse these images and answer:

The DMF T of this patient is ..( Third molars
not included)
D Caroline Mohamed
36
Superior teeth D..4 M..2 F..5

Decayed
Restored
Restored
Restored
Decayed
Restored
Restored
Missed
Missed
D Caroline Mohamed
37
Bitewings
D Caroline Mohamed
38
Inferior teeth D..0 M..2 F..4

Missed
Missed
Filled
Filled
Filled
Filled
D Caroline Mohamed
39
Primary teeth index:

DMF Index variations:
1. dmf index:
Written in lowercase letters,
The dmft index expresses the number of affected
teeth in primary dentition, with scores ranging from
0 to 20 for children.
Follow the basic principles and rules for the MDFT
D Caroline Mohamed
40
D Caroline Mohamed
41
Mixed dentition:
Each child is given a separate index, one for
permanent teeth and another for primary
teeth.
D Caroline Mohamed
42
Analyze the scores by using the following

formula:
Calculation of DMFT :
1- Individual DMFT
Total of each component i.e. D; M; F separately
Then total D + M + F = DMFT
D Caroline Mohamed
43
2- For Group of a population

Total DMFT ( SUM ) each individual = DMFT1 + DMFT2
+......
Mean DMFT =
Total DMF
Total No. of the subjects examined
D Caroline Mohamed
44
D Caroline Mohamed
45
Non-cavitated lesion
Cavitated lesion
D Caroline Mohamed
46
Initial stages of dental caries are reversible.

As long as the lesion is still incipient i.e. with
no cavitations remineralization is possible.
The early identification of such early carious
lesion is extremely important because it is
during this stage that the carious process can
be arrested or reversed .
D Caroline Mohamed
47
Treatment is by primary preventive practices

such as plaque control and topical fluoride
applications.
D Caroline Mohamed
48
On the other hand, the

overt cavitations stage is
an irreversible one.
It may be called the

point of no return" as it is
no longer expected that
remineralization can occur.
D Caroline Mohamed
49
Traditionally visual-tactile method is used (i.e.

explorer as well as vision) .
Mouth mirror
Explorer
Good illumination
Recently, method for diagnosing caries have
moved more toward exclusively visual
method (i.e. without probing)
Mouth mirror
Good illumination
D Caroline Mohamed
50
Explorer should not be used for several

reasons:
1-the use of explorer ,even gentle probing
with a sharp explorer, is likely to damage the
surface zone of non-cavitated lesions.
D Caroline Mohamed
51
Even gentle probing

with a sharp explorer
turned non-cavitated
lesion into cavitation.
thus turning what could have been a
reversible lesion (non-cavitated) into
one that is irreversible.
D Caroline Mohamed
52
The value of early detection

Is the ability to control the disease process in order to contain,
arrest or remineralize lesions, in order to avoid or delay the
burden or costs associated with a spiral of restoration and
restoration.
If a lesion is left until a filling is needed, the clinical
opportunity for effective prevention is LOST!
D Caroline Mohamed
53
Identify Tooth decay....
D Caroline Mohamed
54
D Caroline Mohamed
55
Thanks
D Caroline Mohamed
56

6.DMFT Index A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

6.DMFT Index A

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

6.DMFT Index A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Preventive and community

How many teeth have caries lesions (incipient

Requirements of an ideal index:

COMMONNLY USED INDICES IN

Tooth chart positioning

FDI Dental Federation notation system

Dental examination Charts

Indices used for dental caries assessment

Permanent teeth index:

The DMF is an irreversible index, applied only

Where any doubt exists, the surface is

Missing teeth due to caries.

than caries should be excluded, which include:

Principle and rules in recoding:

The DMF Index is applied to the permanent

Analyse these images and answer:

Superior teeth D..4 M..2 F..5

Inferior teeth D..0 M..2 F..4

Primary teeth index:

Analyze the scores by using the following

2- For Group of a population

Initial stages of dental caries are reversible.

Treatment is by primary preventive practices

On the other hand, the

It may be called the

Traditionally visual-tactile method is used (i.e.

Explorer should not be used for several

Even gentle probing

The value of early detection

Identify Tooth decay....

You might also like