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    What Is The Function of LOR's?

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    bkalatus1
    1) LJ relays are used as a buffer between wired inputs and microprocessor relays to prevent unwanted direct transfer trip actuations caused by transients in control scheme wiring. 2) LJ relays with remote reset capability are used for transformer and bus differential schemes instead of traditional hand reset lockout relays to allow quick restoration of service if multiple components trip simultaneously. 3) LJ relays serve as contact multipliers, multiplying the limited trip output contacts of electromechanical relays due to their fast 4ms contact closing time.

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    What Is The Function of LOR's?

    Uploaded by

    bkalatus1
    517 views8 pages
    1) LJ relays are used as a buffer between wired inputs and microprocessor relays to prevent unwanted direct transfer trip actuations caused by transients in control scheme wiring. 2) LJ relays with remote reset capability are used for transformer and bus differential schemes instead of traditional hand reset lockout relays to allow quick restoration of service if multiple components trip simultaneously. 3) LJ relays serve as contact multipliers, multiplying the limited trip output contacts of electromechanical relays due to their fast 4ms contact closing time.

    Original Description:

    Application of lockout relays

    Original Title

    Lockout Relay

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    1) LJ relays are used as a buffer between wired inputs and microprocessor relays to prevent unwanted direct transfer trip actuations caused by transients in control scheme wiring. 2) LJ relays with remote reset capability are used for transformer and bus differential schemes instead of traditional hand reset lockout relays to allow quick restoration of service if multiple components trip simultaneously. 3) LJ relays serve as contact multipliers, multiplying the limited trip output contacts of electromechanical relays due to their fast 4ms contact closing time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    517 views8 pages

    What Is The Function of LOR's?

    Uploaded by

    bkalatus1
    1) LJ relays are used as a buffer between wired inputs and microprocessor relays to prevent unwanted direct transfer trip actuations caused by transients in control scheme wiring. 2) LJ relays with remote reset capability are used for transformer and bus differential schemes instead of traditional hand reset lockout relays to allow quick restoration of service if multiple components trip simultaneously. 3) LJ relays serve as contact multipliers, multiplying the limited trip output contacts of electromechanical relays due to their fast 4ms contact closing time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The key takeaways are that LOR's are lockout relays used to trip circuit breakers and provide indications for faults. They can be used on buses, lines, banks, and other equipment. LOR's come in hand reset and auto reset models depending on the criticality of the protected equipment.

    LOR's are used on buses, banks, lines in breaker-and-a-half schemes, dead bus clearing schemes, reactors on buses, F+D schemes, GIS loss of gas, LBD's, capacitor banks, and more.

    Hand reset LOR's are used when equipment is expensive and easily damaged by faults, requiring an inspection after tripping. Auto reset LOR's are used where fast restoration is most important, such as bus LOR's where damage risk is low.

    What is the function of LOR's?

    Initiate trip of one or more PCBs


    Disable a PCB's close circuits
    Initiate alarms
    Provide indications to SCADA
    Initiate a trip in a remote tripping scheme
    Trip other lockout relays

    What are the brands/models of LOR's?


    General Electric-HEA (Hand reset)
    General Electric- HFA (Auto reset)
    Westinghouse- WL
    Electro switch- Type 24
    Bodine Electric - LOR

    What are LOR's used on?


    Buses
    Banks
    Line in Breaker schemes (BFX)
    Dead Bus Clearing
    Reactors on Buses
    F+D Schemes
    GIS loss of gas
    LBD'S f-relay
    BFR to M/B LOR
    Cap banks

    What is an LOR?
    This is a mechanical relay device that is tripped by other relays and provides multiple
    functions. It is capable of tripping multiple PCBs as well as transfer trip. It also has close
    interlock contacts which open to prevent reclosing of PCBs. It may have various
    auxiliary functions associated with it, such as logic outputs to RAS, or SEL BFR auto
    isolation schemes.

    Explain the application of handset vs motor reset LOR's.


    -With transformers and reactors, the protected equipment is expensive and easily
    damaged by fault currents. In these cases we perform an on-site inspection of the
    affected equipment and an investigation as to the cause of the trip. Hand reset lockout
    relays are used so that an inspection must be made.
    -Automatically reset lockout relays are used where fast restoration is the greatest
    priority. For example, in the case of a bus lockout relay picked up by a bus differential
    relay, usually an automatic reset is used because the risk of damage to the bus is small
    compared to the importance of bus restoration.

    Describe the procedure for cutting out a relay associated with an


    LOR and restoring it to service
    1) Shall be removed from service prior to removing or restoring any relay that trips the
    LOR.
    2) Shall be restored to service immediately after removing or restoring the desired relay
    when there are other relays that trip the LOR.
    3) During the time that an LOR is removed from service the LOR operating coil and
    alarm knife switches shall remain closed.
    1) Open all LOR trip knife switches including spares.
    2) Open all LOR close interlock knife switches including spares.
    3) Leave LOR operating coil and alarm switches closed.
    4) Remove desired relay from service.
    5) Close all LOR close interlock knife switches including spares.
    6) Close all LOR trip knife switches including spares.
    WS IV.A-7&8

    Explain the purpose of the close interlock knife switches on an


    LOR.
    Knife switches are usually installed with each lockout relay. The knife switches allow
    different functions of the lockout relay to be independently cut out, or the entire relay
    cut out. The knife switches for the close circuit actually shunt the lockout relay out of the
    close circuit, preventing the lockout relay from disabling the close circuits so it can still
    trip and reclose.

    What are some schemes that trip an LOR?

    Power transformer or shunt reactor LOR


    Bank differential relay
    Sudden pressure relay
    Phase over current relays (primary, secondary, tertiary)
    Neutral (ground) over current relay
    PCB breaker failure relay
    Polarizing over current relay
    Main Bus differential LOR
    Main bus differential relay
    Breaker failure relay
    Dead bus clearing LOR
    Enabled by under voltage relay (GE ICR) when main bus is deenergized and SCS is in
    enabled position
    500 kV line LOR
    500 kV PCB BFR
    Line protective relays
    500 kV bus LOR
    500 kV PCB BFR
    Breaker & or Ring bus differential relay

    Describe situations when a LOR needs C/O.


    MVDT
    When bypassing a bank PCB position and a CT contribution is lost
    T/E construction
    Clearing a PCB for PCB removal/replace to C/O BFR, bus diff's, SEL 352
    C/O of BFR's for PCB maintenance
    Relay maintenance
    Trip checks for relay maintenance
    Gas in oil samples-sudden pressure trips to LOR

    What would you check for an LOR operation on a BUS?


    Check SER and Printout to determine the sequence of events.
    Look for bus differential relay or breaker failure relay targets.
    Check to see if the Bus LOR is reset (motor resets).
    Check for other relay targets.
    Clear the switchyard of personnel.
    Inspect the bus for cause of fault.
    Isolate any failed equipment if any are found.
    Test energize the bus.

    What would you check for an LOR operation on a


    transformer/reactor?
    Look at SER and printout to determine what occurred.
    Check panel for tripped bank LOR.
    Bank LOR is hand reset only, you must inspect bank before resetting.
    Check bank relays for targets to determine what tripped the LOR.
    Determine if it is a bank problem or an external problem, sudden pressure or
    differential practically ensure bank problem, with a residual overcurrent trip could be
    due to an external fault.
    Inspect bank

    What would you check for an LOR operation on GIS equipment?


    Check SER and Printout to determine the sequence of events.
    Look for bus differential relay.
    Check to see if the Bus LOR is reset (motor resets).
    Check for other relay targets.
    Check for low gas pressures and inspect the bus.
    Isolate any failed equipment if any are found.
    Test energize the bus if no problem was found.

    What would you check for an LOR operation on a Cap Group?


    Look at SER and printout to determine what occurred.
    Check SEL 187/287 for targets or was it other protection that tripped the LOR (OC
    relays)?
    LOR is hand reset only, must inspect cap group before resetting.
    Determine if it is a cap problem or an external problem. Is it a loss of potential, voltage
    differential, or another problem?
    Isolate the cap group for repair.

    What would you check for an LOR operation on a 500kv line?


    Check SER and Printout to determine the sequence of events.
    Determine what caused the LOR (BFX) to operate.
    Did the PCBs relay and reclose?
    Gather targets and determine the location/type of fault.
    If locked out, have line patrolled and determine cause. Clear the line for repair.

    Modern Electromechanical Relay


    Applications
    APPLICATION 1: Transients in Control Circuits

    Problem Electric utilities use shielded control cables to


    minimize transients in control circuits and P relays are designed and tested to withstand
    transient voltages. However, an additional consideration is that the rapid response and low
    energy requirements of P relays has resulted in unwanted DTT (Direct Transfer Trip) actuations
    when trip signals are wired directly to P relays. In fact, utilities purchasing LJ relays have
    reported that transients in control scheme wiring have actually resulted in unwanted DTT
    actuations.

    Solution Place high speed LJ relays near P relays and to use high speed LJ relays to serve as
    a buffer between wired inputs and P relays.
    This is illustrated in Figures 2 & 3 for Conshohocken and Wyomissing Substations. In this
    application, Wyomissing Substation is not equipped with 138 KV fault interrupting devices and
    DTT is needed to trip the 138 KV circuit breaker at Conshohocken in the event that a
    transformer failure occurs at Wyomissing.

    APPLICATION 2: Remote Lockout Reset


    Problem Substations that are equipped with two, three, or more large power transformers,
    simultaneous actuation of multiple lockout relays is beyond design basis and can result in a
    significant number of customer interruptions.
    Solution When faced with this possibility, some utilities have chosen to install LJ relays with
    remote reset capability rather than traditional, hand reset, lockout relays for transformer and bus
    differential relaying schemes. This application allows operators to quickly restore service to
    customers, using supervisory control, if multiple components trip out simultaneously.
    This is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 for Conshohocken Substation where LJ relays are actuated
    by Transformer T12, Transformer T14, Bus 1, Bus 2, and Bus 3 differential relays to trip circuit
    breakers when a fault occurs.

    This remote reset feature allows operators to restore a transformer or bus to service when
    substation video images do not show signs of arcing and damaged insulators, sudden pressure
    relays have not actuated, and other indicators of component failure are not evident at the remote
    power control center.

    APPLICATION 3: Contact Multiplication


    Problem Substations that are equipped with protective relays that have limited trip output
    contacts, such as electromechanical bus differential relays.
    Solution The LJ relays can serve as a contact multiplier. LJ relays are ideal for this application
    as the rated contact closing time is 4 ms.
    This application is illustrated in Figure 6 where a bus differential relay for Bus 2 actuates an LJ
    relay that trips the two sectionalizing circuit breakers that are connected to Bus 2 (shown in
    Figure 4).

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