15 Practical Grep Command Examples In Linux /...

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15 Practical Grep Command Examples

In Linux / UNIX
by SathiyaMoorthy on March 26, 2009
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Photo courtesy of Alexmes

You should get a grip on the Linux grep command.

This is part of the on-going 15 Examples series, where 15 detailed examples will be
provided for a specic command or functionality. Earlier we discussed 15 practical

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examples for Linux nd command, Linux command line history and mysqladmin
command.

In this article let us review 15 practical examples of Linux grep command that will be
very useful to both newbies and experts.

First create the following demo_le that will be used in the examples below to
demonstrate grep command.
$ cat demo_file
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.

1. Search for the given string in a single le

The basic usage of grep command is to search for a specic string in the specied le as
shown below.
Syntax:
grep "literal_string" filename
$ grep "this" demo_file
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.

2. Checking for the given string in multiple les.

Syntax:
grep "string" FILE_PATTERN

This is also a basic usage of grep command. For this example, let us copy the demo_le
to demo_le1. The grep output will also include the le name in front of the line that
matched the specic pattern as shown below. When the Linux shell sees the meta
character, it does the expansion and gives all the les as input to grep.
$ cp demo_file demo_file1
$ grep "this" demo_*
demo_file:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
demo_file:Two lines above this line is empty.
demo_file:And this is the last line.
demo_file1:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
demo_file1:Two lines above this line is empty.
demo_file1:And this is the last line.

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3. Case insensitive search using grep -i

Syntax:
grep -i "string" FILE

This is also a basic usage of the grep. This searches for the given string/pattern case
insensitively. So it matches all the words such as the, THE and The case
insensitively as shown below.

$ grep -i "the" demo_file

THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.
And this is the last line.

4. Match regular expression in les

Syntax:
grep "REGEX" filename

This is a very powerful feature, if you can use use regular expression eectively. In the
following example, it searches for all the pattern that starts with lines and ends with
empty with anything in-between. i.e To search lines[anything in-between]empty in
the demo_le.
$ grep "lines.*empty" demo_file
Two lines above this line is empty.

From documentation of grep: A regular expression may be followed by one of several

repetition operators:
? The preceding item is optional and matched at most once.
* The preceding item will be matched zero or more times.
+ The preceding item will be matched one or more times.
{n} The preceding item is matched exactly n times.
{n,} The preceding item is matched n or more times.

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{,m} The preceding item is matched at most m times.

{n,m} The preceding item is matched at least n times, but not more than m times.

5. Checking for full words, not for sub-strings using grep -w

If you want to search for a word, and to avoid it to match the substrings use -w option.
Just doing out a normal search will show out all the lines.
The following example is the regular grep where it is searching for is. When you
search for is, without any option it will show out is, his, this and everything
which has the substring is.
$ grep -i "is" demo_file
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.

The following example is the WORD grep where it is searching only for the word is.
Please note that this output does not contain the line This Line Has All Its First
Character Of The Word With Upper Case, even though is is there in the This, as the
following is looking only for the word is and not for this.
$ grep -iw "is" demo_file
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.

6. Displaying lines before/after/around the match using grep -A, -B

and -C
When doing a grep on a huge le, it may be useful to see some lines after the match. You
might feel handy if grep can show you not only the matching lines but also the lines
after/before/around the match.
Please create the following demo_text le for this example.
$ cat demo_text
4. Vim Word Navigation
You may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as:
*
*
*
*
*
*

e
E
b
B
w
W

go
go
go
go
go
go

to
to
to
to
to
to

the
the
the
the
the
the

end of the current word.

end of the current WORD.
previous (before) word.
previous (before) WORD.
next word.
next WORD.

WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.

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word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.

Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.

6.1 Display N lines after match

-A is the option which prints the specied N lines after the match as shown below.
Syntax:
grep -A <N> "string" FILENAME

The following example prints the matched line, along with the 3 lines after it.
$ grep -A 3 -i "example" demo_text
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.

6.2 Display N lines before match

-B is the option which prints the specied N lines before the match.
Syntax:
grep -B <N> "string" FILENAME

When you had option to show the N lines after match, you have the -B option for the
opposite.
$ grep -B 2 "single WORD" demo_text
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD

6.3 Display N lines around match

-C is the option which prints the specied N lines before the match. In some occasion
you might want the match to be appeared with the lines from both the side. This options
shows N lines in both the side(before & after) of match.
$ grep -C 2 "Example" demo_text
word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD

7. Highlighting the search using GREP_OPTIONS

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As grep prints out lines from the le by the pattern / string you had given, if you wanted
it to highlight which part matches the line, then you need to follow the following way.
When you do the following export you will get the highlighting of the matched searches.
In the following example, it will highlight all the this when you set the GREP_OPTIONS
environment variable as shown below.
$ export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto' GREP_COLOR='100;8'
$ grep this demo_file
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.

8. Searching in all les recursively using grep -r

When you want to search in all the les under the current directory and its sub
directory. -r option is the one which you need to use. The following example will look for
the string ramesh in all the les in the current directory and all its subdirectory.
$ grep -r "ramesh" *

9. Invert match using grep -v

You had dierent options to show the lines matched, to show the lines before match, and
to show the lines after match, and to highlight match. So denitely Youd also want the
option -v to do invert match.
When you want to display the lines which does not matches the given string/pattern, use
the option -v as shown below. This example will display all the lines that did not match
the word go.
$ grep -v "go" demo_text
4. Vim Word Navigation
You may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as:
WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.
word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.

10. display the lines which does not matches all the given pattern.
Syntax:
grep -v -e "pattern" -e "pattern"
$ cat test-file.txt
a
b
c

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d
$ grep -v -e "a" -e "b" -e "c" test-file.txt
d

11. Counting the number of matches using grep -c

When you want to count that how many lines matches the given pattern/string, then use
the option -c.
Syntax:
grep -c "pattern" filename
$ grep -c "go" demo_text
6

When you want do nd out how many lines matches the pattern
$ grep -c this demo_file
3

When you want do nd out how many lines that does not match the pattern
$ grep -v -c this demo_file
4

12. Display only the le names which matches the given pattern
using grep -l
If you want the grep to show out only the le names which matched the given pattern,
use the -l (lower-case L) option.
When you give multiple les to the grep as input, it displays the names of le which
contains the text that matches the pattern, will be very handy when you try to nd some
notes in your whole directory structure.
$ grep -l this demo_*
demo_file
demo_file1

13. Show only the matched string

By default grep will show the line which matches the given pattern/string, but if you
want the grep to show out only the matched string of the pattern then use the -o option.
It might not be that much useful when you give the string straight forward. But it
becomes very useful when you give a regex pattern and trying to see what it matches as
$ grep -o "is.*line" demo_file
is line is the 1st lower case line
is line

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is is the last line

14. Show the position of match in the line

When you want grep to show the position where it matches the pattern in the le, use
the following options as
Syntax:
grep -o -b "pattern" file
$ cat temp-file.txt
12345
12345
$ grep -o -b "3" temp-file.txt
2:3
8:3

Note: The output of the grep command above is not the position in the line, it is byte
oset of the whole le.

15. Show line number while displaying the output using grep -n
To show the line number of le with the line matched. It does 1-based line numbering
for each le. Use -n option to utilize this feature.
$ grep -n "go" demo_text
5: * e - go to the end of the current word.
6: * E - go to the end of the current WORD.
7: * b - go to the previous (before) word.
8: * B - go to the previous (before) WORD.
9: * w - go to the next word.
10: * W - go to the next WORD.

Additional Grep Tutorials

7 Linux Grep OR, Grep AND, Grep NOT Operator Examples
Regular Expressions in Grep Command with 10 Examples Part I
Advanced Regular Expressions in Grep Command with 10 Examples Part II
Search in a *.bz2 le using bzgrep, and *.gz le using zgrep

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Following are few awesome 15 examples articles that you might nd helpful.
Linux Crontab: 15 Awesome Cron Job Examples
Mommy, I found it! 15 Practical Linux Find Command Examples
15 Examples To Master Linux Command Line History
Unix LS Command: 15 Practical Examples
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Tags: File Search Utility, Grep Command, Highlight Search Output, Linux Full-Text
Searching, Linux Grep Command, Search File Content, Search Multiple Files
{ 114 comments read them below or add one }

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1 Joao Trindade March 28, 2009 at 3:54 am

You have a small glitch:
>> 4. Match regular expression in les using grep -i
Dont you mean:
4. Match regular expression in les using grep -e
The rest of the post is great.
2 Ramesh March 29, 2009 at 12:16 am
Joao,
Thanks for pointing it out. I have corrected it. Also, we can do REGEX without the
option -e as shown in the example #4.
From Man Pages:
SYNOPSIS
grep [options] PATTERN [FILE...]
grep [options] [-e PATTERN | -f FILE] [FILE...]

-e PATTERN, --regexp=PATTERN
Use PATTERN as the pattern; useful to protect patterns beginning with -.

3 dragon March 31, 2009 at 11:26 pm

Hi:
FYI, tip 14 will be
2:3
8:3
on Ubuntu system. (including the \n character I guess
4 Ramesh March 31, 2009 at 11:44 pm
Dragon,
Thanks for pointing it out. Ive corrected it.
5 Francesco Talamona April 26, 2009 at 2:48 am
I nd very useful the following command, when you have to deal with a very
lengthy conguration le full of comments:
grep -v -E ^\#|^$ /etc/squid/squid.conf
It skips every line beginning with an hash (#) or empty, so you can see at a glance
the 15 lines edited out of a +4400 lines text le.

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BTW interesting topics, great posts

6 albar May 7, 2009 at 7:51 pm
help me
how to bzgrep : ^C02
but ^C is count as one special character,
in this word:
data1^C02data2
thanks
7 Ramesh Natarajan May 8, 2009 at 5:51 pm
@Francesco Talamona,
Thanks a lot for sharing your grep command example. Yes. all those empty lines
and comment lines can get very annoying when you do grep. So, it is an excellent
idea to hide them in the grep output with your examples.
8 sasikala May 11, 2009 at 9:41 pm
@albar,
try like this
grep \^C02
9 albar May 12, 2009 at 1:18 am
@sasikala ,
i do have try that too, but still got nothing,
but it works when ^ and C count as two character
thanks
10 SathiyaMoorthy May 12, 2009 at 4:33 am
@albar
You should type ^C as ctrl-v + ctrl-c in grep as single character as
$ grep ^C02 le
Dont escape, dont type it as ^ C as two characters. Hope this helps.
11 albar May 12, 2009 at 8:59 pm
@sathiya,
god bless u all
it works thanks
12 Manish Patel May 21, 2009 at 7:00 pm
Hi

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I am trying to exclude the last word of all the line like sync.php, uploads.php,
backup.php
File text include as below
/usr/home/htdocs/drag-and-drop/htdocs.php
/usr/home//htdocs/sms/publish/pages/sync.php
/usr/home/htdocs/track/backup.php
/usr/home/htdocs/smstest/smstest.php
/usr/home/htdocs/uploads.php
/usr/home/htdocs/017/backup.php
How can I achieve that using grep or sed or awk
Also how I can use * wildcard in sed command like to replace *.php to *.txt or any
other extension.
Thank you in advance.
Manish
13 Francesco Talamona May 21, 2009 at 10:36 pm
Are you restricted to sed or awk?
1)
dirname /usr/home/htdocs/drag-and-drop/htdocs.php
/usr/home/htdocs/drag-and-drop
2)
rename does what you want
14 Manish Patel May 24, 2009 at 6:55 pm
Hi,
Those lines are the contents of the text le and I dont want to change the actual
directory or the le on server. I want to change the contents of the le where all le
le names ending at the line should be removed. So the nal le contents should
look like this
cat lecontenet.txt
/usr/home/htdocs/drag-and-drop/
/usr/home//htdocs/sms/publish/pages/
/usr/home/htdocs/track/
/usr/home/htdocs/smstest/
/usr/home/htdocs/
/usr/home/htdocs/
I think rename would not help here in editing le contents.

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Thank you
Manish
15 SathiyaMoorthy May 24, 2009 at 11:43 pm
rev lecontenet.txt | cut -d/ -f2- | rev
rev lecontenet.txt > reverses the le and pipes to cut command.
cut -d/ -f2- > cuts o the rst eld ( cuts o last eld, as it is reversed ).
rev > prints the output given order.
16 P0B0T May 26, 2009 at 11:36 pm
Manish,
I believe youre looking for the following
sed -e s/.php$// lecontenet.txt
17 P0B0T May 26, 2009 at 11:39 pm
Sorry, didnt read your requirement carefully.
Try this:
sed -e s/\/[^/]*.php$/\// lecontenet.txt
18 Manish Patel June 5, 2009 at 5:31 pm
Hi
Thank you to Sathiya Moorthy and P0B0T.
Both solution worked very nicely for me.
P0B0T can you explain how your command works for each dened option s/\/[^
/]*.php$/\//
Thank you
Manish
19 mano June 10, 2009 at 3:00 am
The above info on grep is really great. I want to search for a string in all the les in
the directory and add a $ symbol at the start of the searched line and save in the
same le.
20 SathiyaMoorthy June 18, 2009 at 10:49 pm
@mano
More than using grep for this requirement, you can use sed which is:
sed -i s/.*abc.*/$&/ *

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-i : edit the input le.

s/// : substitute the matched pattern with the replacement string.
/.*abc.*/ : match the string abc
/$&/ : Replace with $ followed by matched string.
* : all the les in the current directory.
This is one way of satisfying your requirement, there may be other eicient ways.
Hope this helps.
21 mano June 19, 2009 at 12:17 am
Hi SathiaMoorthy, Thank u so much. it works ne. If I need to search for les in all
subdirectories, how should this sed command modied?
Thanks in advance.
mano
22 SathiyaMoorthy June 27, 2009 at 12:05 am
@mano
Modication in sed command is not needed.
To search for all les in the subdirectory.
nd . -type f
Execute the command on all those les with -exec.
nd . -type f -exec sed -i s/.*abc.*/#&/ {} \;
But think twice before executing this command, because it will recursively edit all
the les. Taking backup before executing this command is wise.
Refer the earlier article linux nd command examples.
23 Vidya July 1, 2009 at 2:59 am
Hi,
I want to grep next 3 words in a line from the matching criteria word..
like if the line is
This is -g gateway -e enterprise -s server
Then I want to grep -g gateway -e enterprise from the line
Can you please help me in this case.
Here gateway and enterprise value can be anything so need to grep next 3 words
starting form -g
24 SathiyaMoorthy July 1, 2009 at 5:58 am

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@Vidhya
$ grep -o -E -g \w+ -e \w+ FILENAME
-g gateway -e enterprise
Explanation of the above command.,
-o : only matching ( point 13. )
-E : extended regexp
: indicate end of options
\w+ : word
25 Vidya July 1, 2009 at 9:00 am
Hi Sathiya,
Its not working.
It says
grep: illegal option o
grep: illegal option E
Usage: grep -hblcnsviw pattern le . . .
I am working on Solaris and setting shell as bash.
26 Amit Agarwal September 21, 2009 at 6:18 am
grep version on solaris is little older and as man would show you all these options
are not available, so you can try ack (standalone) version which is very powerful
and requires only perl to be installed.
27 learner October 7, 2009 at 5:31 am
Hi,
How to use grep to nd lines containing multiple strings
ex: line1:Today is oct 7, wednesday. not 8th
line2: This is not summer.
line3: when is summer?
I want to return line2 containing strings not and summer both.
Thank You.
28 SathiyaMoorthy October 7, 2009 at 10:41 am
@learner
There are several ways possible, use the one which you nd as appropriate.
$ grep "not.*summer" file1
line2: This is not summer.
$ grep "not" file1 | grep "summer"
line2: This is not summer.

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29 learner October 7, 2009 at 10:56 pm

@SathiyaMoorthy
Thank You for your very quick reply.
My question was not piping and hard coding every string , as i mentioned multiple
strings, i was looking for something in likes of
grep -F string1
string2
string3
string4
..
stringn lename
which returns single occurrence of something like either string1 ,string2,.. stringn
or all .., what i wanted was only string1 and string2 and . stringn begin
returned.
[please note that i will be provided with strings as newline separated strings ,which
i don't want to parse again and i have constraint of using grep only]
Thank You.
30 Ashish December 1, 2009 at 4:07 pm
Hi,
I need to sthing like this
I have a le containing 400 domainId values seprated by new line
ex. domain.txt
domain1
domain2
domain3
I have a script that takes each domain and calls an api that returns me an xml.
like this for each domain
val1
domain1
val2
val3
val4
XXX
val1
now i want to spit out the domain name in a le that does not matches domainid
value XXX.
how can i do it using grep
TIA
31 Ashish December 1, 2009 at 4:16 pm

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Hi,
I need to sthing like this
I have a le containing 400 domainId values seprated by new line
ex. domain.txt
domain1
domain2
domain3
I have a script that takes each domain and calls an api that returns me an xml.
like this for each domain
<tag1>val1</tag1>
<domain>domain1</domain>
<tag2>val2</tag2>
<tag3>val3</tag3>
<tag4>val4</tag4>
<domainid>XXX</domainid>
<tag5>val1</tag5>
now i want to spit out the domain name in a le that does not matches domainid
value XXX.
how can i do it using grep
TIA
32 Varun December 17, 2009 at 7:16 am
Hi,
The options mentioned in point 6 for displaying the context with A, B, & C does not
seem to work on Solaris 10 with both grep & egrep
Is there a version of this grep available for Solaris?
Thank you,
Varun.
33 Jawn Hewz December 21, 2009 at 7:54 pm
Does the -b (byte oset) work when greping binary les? I do not get an oset
returned when I grep a binary le, but I do when using a text le. I am using grep
under Cygwin.
34 fety January 11, 2010 at 3:32 am
thanks very much for this tutorial. it is very helpful..
35 eMancu January 24, 2010 at 12:49 pm
Awsome tutorial!
Im reading all your blog, its amazing!

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36 Raghu Baba January 30, 2010 at 4:44 am

Hai.. I want to Parse my le .. Word to Excel .. so tell me some grep & cut
commands
37 Je Floyd February 1, 2010 at 6:54 pm
Whats the dierence between $ grep -c ill memo and $ grep -n ill memo?
38 joeq February 4, 2010 at 3:57 am
hi
i got 1 problemhow can i nd a numbers like 99,000,000.95 in my server
database using unix command..
tq
39 abhishek February 21, 2010 at 4:31 am
content was very useful
40 Anonymous March 8, 2010 at 4:26 am
Hi,
Those lines are the contents of the text le and I dont want to change the actual
directory or the le on server. I want to change the contents of the le where all le
le names ending at the line should be removed. So the nal le contents should
look like this
cat lecontenet.txt
/usr/home/htdocs/drag-and-drop/
/usr/home//htdocs/sms/publish/pages/
/usr/home/htdocs/track/
/usr/home/htdocs/smstest/
/usr/home/htdocs/
/usr/home/htdocs/
I think rename would not help here in editing le contents.
for this question , awk really helpful with single line command
go to the current directory
ls -l | grep -v ^d | awk {print $9} > new.txt
$9 is the last led which is lename only when u list with option ls -l ,
new.txt contains only the lenames which you wnated to lter out
41 skipper March 26, 2010 at 5:54 am
nice article
42 VIKAS April 4, 2010 at 7:23 pm
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Excellent stu, just loved grep -A,B,C options

and
grep -o xxxx.*yyyy kinda commands.
This will help me a lot, I used awk more in my shell scripts, But I have got a new
friend grep for some selective printing
43 Sam April 17, 2010 at 3:35 am
I have just nish reading this wonderful article. Let me answer this:
Whats the dierence between $ grep -c ill memo and $ grep -n ill memo?
grep -c return the number lines that matched ill in memo.
grep -n return the matched lines with line-number as prex.
44 Chong April 20, 2010 at 3:05 am
how to grep a statement contain * from a le at the same time to match the rst
character too.
example the statement in lename prole.txt :Mary stay at uttana*istana with her grandmum
current grep statement :grep ^Mary stay at uttana*istana prole.txt
result: no row matched the grep statement because of *
How to use grep command for the combine condition of statement with * and
match the front word?
45 vm April 30, 2010 at 8:24 pm
In bash script without using perl, how i can grep a number from a le if there exists
a number greater than 80 in that le.
46 palash June 13, 2010 at 12:14 pm
grep -c pattern lename returns the number of lines that matches the pattern,
even if the pattern occurred for more than one time in any line. Is there any option
to know how many times the pattern matched in a le?
47 mathan June 20, 2010 at 10:21 am
HI,
I am new to linux
can you tell me how to exit from grep command.
mistakenly i type grep lename
But its nothing shown. pls looking for quick reply
48 SathiyaMoorthy July 4, 2010 at 7:20 am

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@mathan
There is nothing like exiting from grep.
First argument to grep is taken as PATTERN, not as lename. So as far as i
understand it is waiting for input to match. So just exit from it using CTRL+D.
49 Ross Huggett September 16, 2010 at 5:04 am
Nice article. Thanks.
50 ec October 6, 2010 at 6:14 pm
Hi to all,
I just started to learn linux a month ago
Can I extract 2 to 6 letter words from a text le using one grep command only!
To mention that each word is on its own line
whats the grep command to do this job?
I tried any combination of grep and not the result which I am looking for
51 Lou February 24, 2011 at 1:16 pm
Is there a way to grep for a word on in a le and return that line plus the next?
52 Francesco Talamona February 26, 2011 at 3:33 am
@ Lou:
cat testle.txt
rst line
matching line
following line
ending line
grep matching -B 1 testle.txt
rst line
matching line
53 abhishek kumar April 19, 2011 at 12:53 pm
really to nice and too simple to understand,
thats great
thank you
54 Nikita April 21, 2011 at 12:06 pm
PLEASE HELP ON QUESTION B.
You are searching a le for lines that contain US state abbreviations in
parentheses. e.g.: (ma),(NH),(Ky), etc. So you decide to match any line containing (

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) with exactly two characters (not letters) in between.

A) What grep will get this done?
My Answer> grep ([a-zA-Z][A-Za-z]) le
You now notice that some of the lines that the grep from part A matched contain
the the string (expired). You want to eliminate these lines from your output, so you
decide to pipe your output to another grep.
B) What will the new command be? (both greps with the pipe)
My Answer > grep v grep | grep ([a-zA-Z] [A-Za-z]) -> PLEASE HELP!
55 Francesco Talamona April 22, 2011 at 12:44 pm
@Nikita:
One step is enough:
egrep \([a-zA-Z]{2}\) le
56 suprabhat April 27, 2011 at 3:26 am
How to display all lines that have less than 9 character in a le
57 Paul May 16, 2011 at 3:09 pm
Im new to linux; was wondering what does \# after the grep command accomplish,
as shown in the example below?
grep \# input*.txt | awk {print $4} | sort | uniq > output.txt
thank you
58 Dinesh May 17, 2011 at 4:03 pm
For a given patern like
Fri Nov 26 16:04:52 2010
I want to grep for all the lines in a le having the above format.
But I have all the values except for the time, that is 16:04:52 , the data I have is
Fri Nov 26 2010 . The le is having 5 years of date with the timestamp as
specied above.
Please let me know How shall I grep the le to get all the lines on the date Fri Nov
26 2010 .
thanks
59 shyam May 29, 2011 at 10:45 pm
i have a doubt here i tried to look at output of cmd
grep [^A-Z] le.txt
this is showing all characters excluding capital letter
what does this command actually do
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60 shivaraj Patil July 25, 2011 at 11:14 am

HI i have a le with this values
100 rst line
101 second line
101
102
102
109
now i need a script that can take two lines and nd which is greatest
61 sudheer September 10, 2011 at 8:32 pm
1) Use grep (or awk) to output all lines in a given le which contain employee ID
numbers. Assume that each employee ID number consists of 1-4 digits followed by
two letters: the rst is either a W or a S and the second is either a C or a T. ID
numbers never start with 0s. Further assume that an employee ID is always
proceeded by some type of white space tab, blank, new line etc. However, there
might be characters after it, for example punctuation.
What to turn in: Turn in three things:
a. A le with the regular expression which can directly be used by grep (or awk)
b. A text le which you used to test your regular expression. Make sure that you
include valid and invalid employee IDs, have them at the beginning and the end of
lines, sentences, etc.
c. A second document which re-writes the regular expression in a more humanreadable form and explains the purpose of the dierent components of the regular
expression. Also include a short explanation of your test cases.
2) Use grep (or awk) to output all the lines in a given le which contain a decimal
number (e.g. a number which includes a decimal point). Decimal numbers do not
have leading zeros but they might have trailing zeros. Assume the number is
always surrounded by white space.
What to turn in: The same three things as above (except, of course, for this
problem).
3) Write a regular expression for the valid identiers in Java. You are allowed to use
shortcuts, but need to make sure that you specify exactly what they are (e.g. if you
use digit specify that that means 0, 1, 2, 3, .9.)
62 Dinesh September 22, 2011 at 12:43 pm
Paul
grep \# input*.txt | awk {print $4} | sort | uniq > output.txt
Since # is a special character,we are treating # as # by putting backslash infront
of that.
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Noe Greap searches for pattern # in a list of le starting as input and nding a txt
and then awk prints the 4th eld and sort is doing sorting the 4th eld returns from
awk and unis is doing uniq operation.
63 Dinesh September 22, 2011 at 12:45 pm
Shyam
grep [^A-Z] le.txt
Grep will print the lines that does not start with CAPTIAL LETTERS.
Using ^ inside the [] will do the work opposite to the pattern what you have been
searching for
64 haydarekarrar December 23, 2011 at 4:29 am
Just a minor thing the last result line is removed in the example above, this should
be the result:
$ grep this greptest.txt
this line is the 1st lower case line in this le.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.
65 gotham January 22, 2012 at 4:32 am
awesome. thanks a lot.
66 edward January 31, 2012 at 2:20 am
For example my data is (le.ave) :
MRR 120101000000 UTC+07 AVE 60 STF 150 ASL
H 150 300 450 600 750 900
TF 0.0149 0.0515 0.1171
F00 -67.04
F01 -69.27
I use grep as:
grep -r MRR *.ave > time_0101.txt. In this case all le goes to time_0101.txt, I
have many les and I need each output goes to specic le name. Any idea ? And
how to use grep to take F00 and F01 ? If I use grep -r F *.ave, the rst line will be
taken also because of STF, Thanks for help..
67 shrikant February 14, 2012 at 10:23 am
Thank you
68 chinna February 19, 2012 at 8:48 am
here my question is in a directory i have 10 les.some les contains size in kbs and
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some les contains size in mbs..i want display the les only which le size is
more than 1 mb
could anybudy help to nd answer for this question.
69 Anderson Venturini March 14, 2012 at 6:01 am
Great post! It was very useful! thanks a lot!
70 Anonymous April 9, 2012 at 3:22 pm
To answer Chinna If you have some les showing M, and some K, then your ls
command is probably running on a Linux box, and using the -h option.
The preferred method would be NOT to use the -h option, and let ls print le
sizes in bytes, which means that your script will be able to get the same
units+detail for all le sizes listed.
Then you can use awk to lter out les where $5 (5th eld) is over 1Meg, like
this:
/bin/ls -l | awk $5>=2^20
If you only want le names, not ls style list, then have awk give you that part of
output:
/bin/ls -l | awk $5>=2^20{print $NF}
Note: this does not like le names with spaces
notes for Other postings on this thread:
To: Francesco Talamona
(who was using grep to remove ##_comments from long cong les)
grep -v -E ^\#|^$ /etc/squid/squid.conf
You may want to remove comments that do NOT start on the rst char of a line,
and sed is more useful for that
sed s/#.*$//;/^[ ]*$/d /etc/squid/squid.conf
This will remove comments from each line, then discard the line if blank, or only
spaces remain.
=========
Also, where the -B and -A options are described for grep
This is for GNU/Linux, and not supported for most Non-Linux boxes.
#JETS
71 KHEE April 15, 2012 at 8:39 pm
Hi expert,
i am new to unix env
try to use certain command to help me generate 1 output le as below:
input le:

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A
A/I 0.2 0.3 0.8
B
B/I 0.6 0.8 0.9
C
C 0.8 2.1 6.0
I just want to grep all A B C only, where want to skip the line which have the
number together. And my output le pattern is A B C Detc ( A, B,C all are a
word).
mean i want rst,second line, and skip 3rd & 4th lines, thanks for help.
72 krishna April 20, 2012 at 9:15 pm
How do you nd using regular expression, characters beginning with and ending
with any characters.
In AXyz122311Xyslasd22344ssaa Aklsssx@sdddf#4=sadsss kaaAASds
How do we get the characters slas out that begins with 11Xy and ends with
d223 in UNIX using regular expression?
echo $MSG | grep -o (?<=11Xy).+(?=d223)'
73 bala May 10, 2012 at 9:12 am
@krishna,
echo $MSG | grep -o 11Xy.*d223
74 guru May 22, 2012 at 11:52 am
i need answer for the following question
using grep, determine count of and print the list of words having uppercase letters
when the input sentence is given in command line
75 mitchell fox May 24, 2012 at 7:45 am
I know this is a simple grep or grep/sed question:
I have a log le with identied errors.The errors will lines containing the words
Patient ID: 12345678999 (quote marks are mine). i substituted the number
12345678999 for a real number. The real number will be any combination of 11
integers. So I would want to grep for Patient ID: 12345678999 but just end up with
the numbers themselves, not the rest of the lines.
Example of result I would like:
12345678999
23678900456
Thanks
76 Albert July 1, 2012 at 10:10 am
Hi,

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Is there any way to nd strings longer than 50 charachter within les with grep?
Thanks,
77 Abhishek Verma July 17, 2012 at 1:15 am
Its really great .
78 SANKET July 25, 2012 at 7:46 am
Helo anyone tell me how nd word from directory contains number of les using
grep command and any other command
79 sam July 31, 2012 at 4:06 pm
Hey i am trying to just write rst simple script. Here what I am trying to do is pass
the word which I want to nd in array from command line. After that it should print
all entires which contain that word. Say I want to nd Jacob from command line but
its not returning any result.
#! usr/bin/perl
use Fcntl;
print content-type: text/html \n\n;
print Enter word : ;
$word = ;
@myNames = (Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Matthew, Alexander, Andrew);
@grepNames = grep(/$word/, @myNames);
foreach $Names(@grepNames)
{
print $Names;
print \n;
}
80 Ravneet September 4, 2012 at 7:10 am
Answer to Palash:
$grep -o pattern le name | wc -w
81 Victor Wood September 4, 2012 at 1:11 pm
Answer to SANKET:
if I understand your question correctly:
ls -1 | grep P.*Entity\.java count
will do a listing of your directory, send it to a grep search, and then count the
matches, many people would drop the -1 and abbreviate the count to:
ls | grep P.*Entity\.java -c

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82 sravan Ch October 15, 2012 at 6:15 am

hi there!
needed help here..
how to display counts of ids in a le next to each other ?
ex:
le name: images01.txt
ids present in the le: 10001,10002,10003,10004
to-display: id followed by counts
10001 = 100
10003 = 50
83 Anonymous October 27, 2012 at 2:06 pm
Helllo ,
i want to run a script on linux terminal when i press the submit button on
webpage
it is possible..?
84 Vikas October 28, 2012 at 1:11 am
Mr. Anonymous,
Do you think this is the right forum to ask this question?
By the way, this can be handled through PHP. Google it and nd it how. Post in a
relevant thread if you face diiculties.
Regards
Vikas
85 murali December 18, 2012 at 10:55 pm
i want only single command,
i.e lines starting with $
86 Bama March 1, 2013 at 10:49 am
#1 $ grep this demo_le returned two lines:
this line is the 1st lower case line in this le.
Two lines above this line is empty.
Shouldnt it also also include this line?
And this is the last line.
Thanks or the article, Ive chosen today to get my grep on!
87 bon April 19, 2013 at 12:48 am
Hi All,
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Thank you very much for this website.

I have one query:
How to search directory by name.
Suppose, I want to store all the directories in an array with name abc only.
I tried this:
$name=abc;
@array_1= grep (/$name/), $curr_dir; #curr_dir is any directory
________________________________________________________________________________
But the problem is, this command also matches directory with name abcd,
aabc, abc24 etc
Can you please help me?
88 Tony April 26, 2013 at 4:35 pm
How can I nd any lines in a source le that contain 2 search strings. When I tried
using a pipe I got an error. Am running on TNS Guardian (not unix).
Thanks!
89 velpandian June 5, 2013 at 12:46 am
# ifcong
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:8a:42:58
inet addr:10.2.0.170 Bcast:10.2.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:95309 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:45 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:8865945 (8.4 MiB) TX bytes:5438 (5.3 KiB)
From the above input i want to grep only IP address and subnetmask, that single
grep command should be capable to do grep for any ip and any subnetmask. Here i
have 10.2.0.170 as IP and subnetmask as 255.255.255.0, so i want to grep only IP
and subnetmask.
If i have 1.1.1.1 as IP and 255.128.0.0 as subnetmask in this case the same
command should capable to do grep IP and subnetmask
Thanks in advance
90 gill bate$ August 19, 2013 at 6:45 pm
$ grep -l this demo_*
demo_le
demo_le1
okay. How do you nd all les with a given extension using grep ?
91 Sandeep August 28, 2013 at 3:09 am

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Hi,
I have query below:
Sample data le:
26/Jul/2013:11:57:24
26/Jul/2013:11:55:24
26/Jul/2013:10:55:24
26/Jul/2013:10:50:24
26/Jul/2013:10:53:24
26/Jul/2013:10:43:24

-0400
-0400
-0400
-0400
-0400
-0400

TAN101
TAN102
TAN101
TAN103
TAN103
TAN103

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active
active
Idle
idle
active
active

Query is:I want the output as group by count.I mean number of records with
TAN101,number of records with TAN102,number of records with TAN103 .
TAN101 2
TAN102 1
TAN103 3
Please help me .
92 Raj September 20, 2013 at 11:58 am
How can I grep this ?
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]
I want to grep this from /etc/prole and add somelines below it
93 shanmugam September 29, 2013 at 2:46 pm
Hi,
I am beginner in using Linux Grep command and I got search for words with 489
in a le as follows:
LRD489E
LRD489
LR489-SPAD
LR489(W)
U489-AB
I tried using grep command as follows:
egrep -o [A-Z]*489[A-Z]* FLG.id
the results I get
LRD489E
LRD489
how to get
LR489-SPAD
LR489(W)
Any help appreciated.

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94 John Hsu October 4, 2013 at 1:38 pm

Remove tons of abc les
ll | grep abc | awk {print rm $8 } | csh
Note:
$8 column 8 of ll comand
95 Amitha November 21, 2013 at 7:29 am
Hi,
could you please tell me what does grep -i xyz | grep -v grep means????
96 Irfan December 28, 2013 at 1:13 am
grep -A or -B or -C does not work usually. is there any sed, awk or any other
function that can perform an equivalent operation? what grep utility will I need to
run these parameters?
97 Amit December 30, 2013 at 7:04 am
Nice Tutorial
98 LakshmiNarayana December 31, 2013 at 3:24 am
HI Sandeep ,
store input in le named GroupFile
grep -o \(TAN[[:digit:]]\+\) GroupFile | sort | uniq -c
99 CLIFF January 6, 2014 at 5:32 pm
Dear Sir:
I have a le in which I intend to extract the pattern (a few lines) starting
with set_multicycle_path then some string (*) then -from then some string (*)
then -through then some string (*) then -end then some string (*), where
these strings have variable lines, and then the end of these strings afterwards were
]
How to use grep (but not a perl) to extract these lines?
Thanks
100 NiceGuy January 15, 2014 at 6:08 pm
Nice posts
cat myle.txt |grep *.al > output.txt
I want to grep a le that contains repetition of words (in this case .al) using the
command above. But I want only one occurrence of each word to be written to
another text le called output.txt. How can I use the grep command to
accomplish this?

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101 NiceGuy January 15, 2014 at 6:16 pm

To be a bit clearer on my request above..
In myle.txt, there could be two or more lines with 46.al for example but I want
only one line of 46.al to be written to output.txt.
Say for example myle.txt contains the following lines:
46.al
477.al
446.al
46.al
xyz.al
46.al
46.al
I want output.txt to contain the following: 46.al, 477.al, 446.al, xyz.al
102 Gobinath February 13, 2014 at 7:19 am
Hi,
Is there any grep for the below mentioned scenario.
In le.txt le,
line1
line2
line3
Function(line1,
line2);
line2
line3
.
.
Now i want to grep only the word line 2 from the function
How its possible any idea
TIA
103 SP February 16, 2014 at 6:35 am
I want to use grep twice for 2 conditions in a single search.lets say i want to
search all es modied on 10-Dec-13. So in my current directory i m typingbelow
commad for result.
ls -lt | grep -c ^- | grep 10 Dec
but the above command is not working
104 Sanket Patil February 17, 2014 at 3:56 am
@SP
Use below command
ls -lt | grep -i Dec 10

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105 Ed April 30, 2014 at 12:12 pm

how can I grep a le web.log which contains \\ with mostly no data, however, I
would like to nd only those values of swingSACovering that HAVE data. In other
words, there may be 4000 or so xml elements which do not contain any values. But
2 or 3 will contain data with 6 digits, such as 148231
\148231\ I only want to nd the data elements with data.
106 ss May 8, 2014 at 4:52 am
if we want to nd a particular word from a text le what command should i use can
anyone help me with shell script..
example
i have more than 16000 lines in which i have to nd the occurence particular word
107 oneteam May 20, 2014 at 5:42 am
hi
i am using the grep command to search for exceptions.
grep -w exception server.log
This is giving me the output as,
2014-05-19 09:48:17,523 346652103 INFO (Thread-4038 (HornetQ-client-globalthreads-573435074):) END processException:: exception logged into database
which is just the rst line of the exception
how to capture the whole exception !
108 Dave Horrocks May 22, 2014 at 6:56 am
Can someone help?
How do I bzgrep : ^C02 when ^C is count as one special character, such as in this
word:
data1^C02data2 ?
109 Raj May 29, 2014 at 9:03 am
How to search for lines that have only single dot in it .
#grep ^ *\. abc .. to search lines that have only dots it in .i.e no matter how
many dots , but only dots in line .
But to search for lines that have only single dot in it ?????
110 auchomage June 9, 2014 at 12:05 pm
Im not very good with linux/unix, and you kept the language simple, along with the
examples, so I could follow it without diiculty.
Now Im a whole lot more condent on how to use grep.
Thank you very much, this is a great article.
111 sandeep August 5, 2014 at 5:42 am

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How to ilter the Attributes in a le..

Ex:- If a le has 10 elds->How can we lter 1,3,5,7,9 elds
112 VIKAS August 5, 2014 at 11:48 pm
Hi Sandeep,
awk would be easiest for your requirement. Try this
cat /your/le | awk { print $1 \t $3 \t $5 \t $7 }
Regards,
Vikas
113 karthick August 6, 2014 at 3:21 am
thanks, very usefull command.
114 Sam September 6, 2014 at 1:35 am
how to linux shell pipeline do?
grep nd xyz | wc-i
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Linux 101 Hacks 2nd Edition eBook - Practical Examples to Build a
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Awk
Vim 101 Hacks eBook - Practical Examples for Becoming Fast and Productive
in Vim Editor
Nagios Core 3 eBook - Monitor Everything, Be Proactive, and Sleep Well
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About The Geek Stu

My name is Ramesh Natarajan. I will be posting instruction guides,

how-to, troubleshooting tips and tricks on Linux, database, hardware, security and
web. My focus is to write articles that will either teach you or help you resolve a
problem. Read more about Ramesh Natarajan and the blog.

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