Meta Model-NLP Guide
Meta Model-NLP Guide
The meta model tools when used with the spirit of NLP can help uncover the structure of genius and
subjective human experience
nigel hetherington
Communicating Excellence
nigel hetherington
the Meta Model essentially does two things when used 'as intended'
1. It assist stuck clients to change - Therapeutic
2. It gets high quality information - Business / Pleasure / Therapeutic
See, all the original therapeutic Meta Model is is a set of specific verbal responses to a set
of very specific words and phrases 'clients' and people in general use all the time, so its
good to know them. Exactly what these are I will better describe a little later on.
The therapeutic Meta Model is exemplified in The Structure of Magic - chapter 4-5 by
Richard Bandler and John Grinder.
Obviously of the Arts of Applied NLP is when and in what contexts to apply these specific
verbal responses so as not to lose friends and alienate yourself.
One thing that really is worth keeping in mind if you choose to practice recognising from
and responding in this way to others ( or your self ) -
The Meta Model probably seems a bit complicated and stuffy because it was 'coded' by a
professional linguist at that time John Grinder. So its full of horrendous terminology that
means very little to most people who aren't linguists or journeying word-smiths. Dr Richard
Bandler - the real creative genius behind NLP as one story goes actually 'picked up'
unconsciously this set of verbal responses by listening to what the exceptional therapist of
the time were saying - he was transcribing their sessions to earn extra pocket money. Now
having went to grinder to decipher and code what he was saying and isolating the portions
of verbal speech that had the 'amazing beneficial therapeutic' effect, The Meta Model ( or
the Metal Muddle ) was born. In spite of all this
"In psychotherapy you change no one. People change themselves. You create circumstances under
which an individual can respond spontaneously and change. That's all you do. The rest is up to them" Milton Erickson
Pattern 1
It makes me genuinely smile genuinely now when some people still visibly cringe when
they hear the words 'the Meta Model', Others say "its something I have to learn but I
just can't find the time" yet other say "Its just not possible to learn it all" the Meta
Model really is easy.
The 'problems' or stuck states statements are presented in RED and the verbal responses in
GREEN
I cant finish my report!
Its not possible to finish my report!
What stops you?
So what makes this impossible for you?
What prevents you?
For seemingly impossible outcomes just ask what stops or blocks them.
For things the seemingly must happen just ask what will happen if you don't.
Pattern 2
It is surely obvious to all concerned that that old Meta Model is just about hearing some
language pattern and responding in a certain way. Clearly not everyone gets this fully the
second time. Evidently some people were puzzled and didn't easily start to apply the Meta
Model that they knew consciously so not so surprisingly it got put on a back shelf for a
while. So get it out, dust it off and lets get on with making it more easier.
The 'problems' or stuck states statements are presented in RED and the verbal responses
in GREEN
Well he's obviously is in distress!
Sorry but this is not obvious to me?
To whom is this obvious?
Clearly you will understand this!
Who is this clear to?
To whom is this clear?
It may be clear to you but how do you know its clear to others?
Detect the words ( adjectives / adverbs ) that end or have been transformed to the
word'LY' form and ask yourself the question
This can be tested with a paraphrase 'formulation'. Take any suspect phrase, remove the
'LY' and rearrange it the form below by adding "It is" to the beginning of the sentence then
check that when you say it it makes sense.
"It is 'suspect word' rest of sentence"
For example:
Obviously 'the more you practice the better it gets'!
-> Rearranging
It is Obvious 'the more you practice the better it gets'!
Pattern 3
It often better to relax as your learning, now, one of the easier Meta Model patterns is the
ones you are already most familiar with already without knowing about the labels - they
can come later on. Its know more or no less than hearing some language pattern and
responding in a particular way. This pattern is particularly easy because its only about
comparing and relationships. Anyway, relax a bit more and lets continue... So get it
out, dust it off and lets get on with making it more easier. Perhaps you will find this
particular pattern the easiest.
The 'problems' or stuck states are presented in RED and the verbal responses in GREEN
This is the easiest pattern to detect!
Easiest in respect to what?
Easiest? How do you mean?
This is a better way to learn!
Better than what?
Better? Compared to what?
Here we are dealing with [ labels alert ] comparatives and superlatives. Superlatives being
the perceived 'highest' 'quality'
Detect the words ( comparatives / superlatives )
If the word is a superlative ending in 'est' or a word like most or least use this response - In
respect to what?
If the word is a comparative ending in 'er' or a word like more or less use this response Compared to what?
Pattern 4
You know, when you are learning really well, or just a time when you have easily and
comfortably assimilated knowledge, anyway whichever way comes most naturally to you
is absolutely fine. This whole meta Model process is really just about listening and then
realising which parts you make up and which parts you don't, so as you begin to realise,
more clearly and more fully, you can notice what you bring to the table ( your content )
and what others bring ( their content ) and all the while as you do that just forget about
it and - simply notice the process.
She said I was tired of her.
Who said "I was tired of her"?
"Tired", how specifically?
Who is it you "tired of"?
I talked to people who were bored!
What did you 'talk' about?
Which people did you talk to?
How or what "bored" the people?
Pattern 5
Its always the same is init! All people everywhere are always learning new things but
some never realise it at the time. Listening to the language people use ( and this includes
the language when you talk to yourself too ) can give you a massive amount of information
about how they are processing and this applies to everyone. This never means what you
glean is correct but it always gives you intuitions that you can tune into which you then
simply must always check out to be sure. Always sound advice that, checking out your
intuitions, now, its about time, so lets take some more steps forward to your deepening
understanding of the Meta Model.
The 'problems' or stuck states statements are presented in RED and the verbal responses
in GREEN
People always piss me off.
They always piss you off?
what? are you saying, that everybody always pisses you off all the time?
advice.
All of the above 'interventions' take the form of a response to verbal 'claims about
everlasting and immutable truths'
Detect the over generalised information.
You can do this by checking what you have heard and asking yourself weather this ( to
make sense ) applies true through all time and all space - that is it is a universal truth.
As you detect the 'universally generalised' material simply question the over generalisation.
You can do it like these ways below
Repeat the generalisation back and emphasise it. ALWAYS? NEVER? EVERYBODY?
Really over-exaggerate ( use humour ). You saying its always been this way for as
long as you can remember, like this all the time, never changing - get away with you!
I bet someone as ( clever, smart, creative ) as you can think of just one time when
this wasn't the case
Pattern 6
And they are off again! Having a laugh and a joke with each other, taking and conversing,
sharing something special. They really listen to each other, they are indeed a great couple.
Notice how they enjoy each others company. Not like those! They don't get on too well. He
is always arguing with her, she is never loving him no matter what. Their relationship looks
very much one sided almost as a relationship with a variable limp. He isn't really relating to
her. Haven't they noticed that birds and butterflies have symmetrical wings and they work
together in unison during flight, as one heart beating.
The way people express situations and events can sometimes seem skewed and sheered,
can feel off-balance, off kilter, a bit one-sided. In the words of the philosopher Turner
The 'problems' or stuck states statements are presented in RED and the verbal responses
in GREEN
All of the above 'interventions' take the form of a response to verbal 'claims about what is
apparently a two way ( or more ) process being described as one way.
Detect the one-sided or passive interaction.
You can do this by checking what you have heard and asking yourself whether this ( to
make sense ) requires a more active role in the process than the seemingly one person that is it's plain one sided.
As you detect the 'non-symmetric' material simply question the apparent one sidedness.
You can do it like these ways below
Detect passive roles [ is some action being 'done on' or 'done to' one person ]
When you detect a necessarily two way process - like kissing - switch the passive
person to an active role
When you detect a non-necessarily two way process - like smiling - switch the
passive person to an active role
Pattern 7
It seems that to learn is to change. However you set about your learning, whether you
prefer to learn in a systematic and structured way or perhaps you like to learn in a
somewhat haphazard and random fashion. It can take many forms. Lets say someone told
you to go read a book and you decide to do that. You can read a book and then you may
tell someone else that you read it. They will most likely then make some assumption,
perhaps some sort of generalisation. Don't laugh, I'm serious. No two people will read
exactly the same, but wait, There are certain reading processes, perhaps if you said go
read this book, that other person would likely assume how you meant them to read it perhaps speed reading, perhaps photo reading, perhaps skimming, perhaps - who will
know what they would assume, who knows what you would assume? So at your own pace
how about continuing your learning as you walk, stroll, jog on to more of the Meta Model
Easier Made...
The 'problems' or stuck states are presented in RED and the verbal responses in GREEN
You must stop allowing her to drown out your ideas!
How exactly do you propose I stop her? How specifically does she drown out my ideas
to whom?
I want you to run over to the shops and say hello to Harry!
Will you specify how I aught to say it and do you have any specific way of running in
mind that I should do as I follow your order my Lord?
Its easy, you just juggle the balls, you throw them and catch them!
Oh come on! How should I throw and catch them? How do you juggle?
That person is always nasty, he has been bullying me!
How has that person been nasty, how exactly has he been bullying you?
You have to change your habitual as you seem to think your behaving poorly!
As you seem to know, what process am I using to think? Any way as your being so
helpful, how about letting me know exactly how to make the change you propose.
All of the above 'interventions' take the form of a response to verbal processes or process
words that have been completely unspecified. That is the 'how to' is missing and undefined.
This is one of the most easy Meta Model patterns to detect.
Listen out for Verbs or Process words. Words that describe some action but fail to describe
how the action aught to be performed. In this sense all verbs and process words are
unspecified. The response to detect or elicit the missing 'how to' is also very simple.
How specifically?
How?
Pattern 8
... So then he said "Its is completely inappropriate for people to laugh!" The mans face
was awash with creases and wrinkles; people would have struggled to understand the
emotions that moved across their faces at that point. The woman who was conversing
flashed her eyes at a man, "Of course it is to laugh, just as to appropriate him, it is
appropriate to be serious, how can a person control their emotions".
Many in the crowd looked as if they understood her words, others just looked baffled or
confused. Eventually without knowing, they seemed to reach some sort of unspoken
understanding amongst themselves. Even without conscious understanding, a person,
can, have a deep understanding of communications without even realising it, in addition to
the meta model easier made.
The 'problems' or stuck states statements are presented in RED and the verbal responses
in GREEN
You have seen the way people look at me!
Specifically, which people are you referring to?
All of the above 'interventions' take the form of a response to non-process words or
generalised references to people, objects or things. So to test, is reference made to a
specific person or thing? Another way to detect the same 'kind of generalisation' is does the
word refer to some generalised class of things? For example 'Bloodhound' is a example of
the generalised class of Dogs.
'Painful' must refer to some 'thing' capable if feeling or inflicting pain or both.
Listen out for these generalisations, detect what kind of 'examples' you have to create or
imagine to understand what specifically the writer or speaker is referring about.
Who specifically?
What specifically?
Pattern 9
In a great many circles NLP has not got the best of reputations. It is currently being
repacked and now appealing to mass audiences by many current writers. One exceptionally
good one is Paul McKenna.
Just look at his series of best selling books - all repackaged NLP yet hight readable with
mass appeal. Will this repackaged NLP reach millions upon millions and change their lives
or will the books simply be read and shelved somewhere. Will the lessons, at some level be
instrumental in some beneficial social revolution or will no one do the exercises and the
inherent value remain on the pages in set type.
The vast majority of NLP Processes, as far as I can currently understand, are on the whole
very good. The application of these processes is up to the individual practitioner. One
recent example in the Independent of Sunday's 'Success at work' series presents a process.
The process in itself is very good ( coming loosely from Gregory Bateson's Double Bind
Theory ). Yet for me, the ethics of application is highly questionable, especially in the
context it is presented.
This example is from the 'feel good or no hassle technique'. Or as I call it in this context
the 'do what I want or feel bad' sleazy sales pattern.
"Of course you could save 75 on our fees by dealing with the form choices yourself OR if
you feel uncomfortable about wading through seven pages of time-consuming complex tax
forms and material, which has to be spot on, we could do it for you".
The 'problems' or stuck states statements are presented in RED and the verbal responses
in GREEN
Of course you could save 75 on our fees by dealing with the form choices yourself OR if
you feel uncomfortable about wading through seven pages of time-consuming
complex tax forms and material, which has to be spot on, we could do it
for you
Are you suggesting that if I don't pay you 75 for what may in fact be trivial, easy forms to
fill in, I have to feel uncomfortable? Get stuffed!
Would you like to learn this pattern easily OR do you want to learn it with minimal effort?
Are you saying I can only learn this in two ways? easily or with minimal effort?
This story is either going to make you cry OR you are an unfeeling person!
My not crying does not mean I am unfeeling.
If I cry are you suggesting I am a feeling person?
You might like to think about what you have just said. I may know more about this story
than you.
You can either clean this mess up now OR later!
I may never clean your mess up, that's your job!
So you are saying if I clean this mess up now I wont clean it up later? What if I do half now
and leave the rest!
Thank you for such varied choices :-)
A person can either learn from mistakes OR keep making them
So if I keep making mistakes you seem to suggest I am not learning?
Are you suggesting it is impossible to make different mistakes?
You seem to be saying that continuing making mistakes means no learning is taking place?
All of the above 'interventions' take the form of a response to an implied choice of either
THIS or THAT. By detecting the 'or' statement and fully realising that there are many
additional choices we can explore to free ourselves from both 'unethical manipulation' or
'imposed choices' - either internally or externally; And opening up a real world of choices.
Once an 'either or' statement is detected, an illusion of choice, you can explore what is
actually meant by using the following meta model challenge to
Would you like to 'X' or would you like to 'Y'?
Are you saying if I don't do 'X' I have to do 'Y'?
Are you saying not doing 'X' means I have to do 'Y'?
Are you saying if I don't do 'Y' I have to do 'X'?
Are you saying not doing 'Y' means I have to do 'X'?
By challenging the implied illusion of choice ( X or Y ), you will reject the 'imposed choice'
and open up real choice - when it is appropriate to you.
Pattern 10
Breath in and relax - no seriously, take a relaxing breath or two. Relaxing means your
changing your state and changing your state is good. If you are experiencing any run up to
Christmas pressures you are no doubt going to deal with them in your own unique ways.
I had a shopping experience recently, I was in Newcastle city centre and intended
purchasing some electrical item. The electrical dealers on Northumberland street seemed
the place to go. The assistants were busy talking to themselves about Christmas parties
and the like and not at all assisting customers. Trained Baboons would have certainly been
more amusing and equally as helpful, I waited about seven minutes and then left, no
wonder shop sales are declining - no apparent customer care.
The so called service was shit so I left that shop to purchase elsewhere and after one or
two more disappointing shopping experiences and a phone call where I could not make
head nor tail of some foreign attempts at English it meant I was much better off
purchasing online.
The 'problems' or stuck states are presented in RED and the verbal responses in GREEN
Christmas shopping means you will get stressed.
Have you every been stressed and not been Christmas shopping?
Have you ever been Christmas shopping and not been stressed?
Are you saying if you don't get stressed you can't go Christmas shopping?
You saying that you will try to behave differently is the same as you saying that you will
fail.
Have you ever tried something and succeeded?
So your saying that it is not possible to try something and not fail?
Have you ever failed and not tried?
It sounds like your actually saying failure is equal to trying, is this correct?
Her speaking that way means she is trying it on!
Could she be trying it on and speak any other way?
Can you imagine her speaking that way and not trying it on?
Her speaking that way means she has just been to the dentist you bozo!
All of the above 'interventions' take the form of a response to recognising a statement of
the form where one 'thing' is said or shown to equal of be the same as another thing.
Where the two things are intrinsically different.
A is B
A means B
A and B
A equals B
To un-plait, un-weave and de-tangle the 'things' apart, you use questions, statements or
provocative responses to separate the 'things'. This can be done in a variety of ways
Pattern 11
Two people were talking about buying Christmas presents, in a coffee shop in Newcastle. I
was there sitting chatting with Andy about our upcoming Master Practitioner course in
2008. The couple opposite us were really enjoying their Costa Massimo. My phone went
so I excused myself from the planning and answered. The phone call was made by
someone requiring some help with a phobia. The were talking and they said "... yes I have
had it for several years now and you know how you cant stop yourself" It was at that
juncture that I said "hold on, you just said that I cant stop myself I presume you mean
'you' not 'me'". After arranging an appointment I returned to to my conversation with Andy,
planning our Master Practitioner and just knew Andy was happy with our progress.
The 'problems' or stuck states are presented in RED and the verbal responses in GREEN
I know you're going to tell me to Susshhh but this is a really good idea
Are you claiming to be able to read my mind?
And how do you know what I am going to say?
Susshhh!
I could tell that most people there thought it was plain crazy to have such an outburst!
How do you know what people thought?
And the ones that didn't - what specifically were they thinking?
Wow! Now that is a skills! What am I thinking right now?
Each time he talks he never takes my feelings into account
How do you know that?
Are you certain this is true when you are not there?
How would he know what feelings to account for?
Oh I know, you think its great to be confused.
You mean your self when you say you right?
Wow second time in a row. You are reading my mind. I am going to right some thoughts
down on paper and your going to tell me what they are, and in what sequence.
You are absolutely correct, 100%.
How do you know what you think I think?
You are claiming to know how someone else feels - how do you do that?
Pattern 12
On the delayed 10.30 train from Kings Cross, I am travelling back to Newcastle, NLP
training at the fore front of my mind. I have been to the NLP conference, an experience
of great interest, that I will write up and share my views on in the future. The even was
superbly organised and well worth a visit next year. I have met some wonderful energetic
people with real passion I am of course talking of both the delegates and some of the
presenters. Several of the big name presenters quite categorically stated that the NLP
scene here in the UK is bigger than in the US. They demonstrated a great deal of
enthusiasm about this, what I would call 'giving it a bit of the old flannel' and I cant help
but wonder if the current US recession adds more fuel to their desires. There was, for me
a curiosity regarding some of the presenters relationship with the audience and their
apparent lack of knowledge, rapport and respect for other's model of the world. There
was as well a almost ubiquitous theme of re-branding and repackaging attempts at product
separation of the various weaving threads of NLP from one another. I am wondering which
will come first, New Improved 4th Generation NLP, NLP the next generation ( oops that Star
Trek ) or Environmentally-Earth-Eco NLP Beam em up spotty!
The 'problems' or stuck states statements are presented in RED and the verbal responses
in GREEN
I have a serious situation here!
Tell me more about what your situationing?
What are you
My response is making me feel bad
How are you responding to what?
How are you choosing that particular way of responding?
What are you responding to?
Oh I know, you think its great to be confused.
What was confusing you?
How are you currently experiencing being confusing?
Confusing? How do you know?
Pattern 13
One of the things that makes Christmas particularly nice is meeting up with friends and
family. The time before the holidays running up to that last day at work before new year lush! And there is always that feeling of excitement and anticipation just before the
holidays start too. It makes you think doesn't it, about the whole concept of Christmas
maybe even good old Yarwe, ( oops HaShem - dear GOD, wouldn't want to make anyone
or their religion take offence, after all this is the UK - Home to free speech and liberal
attitudes PROVIDING that speech is politically correct. I don't know why I hear Anarchy in
the UK by The Sex Pistols? ), before that and now the semi -global adoption of 'Christian'
values and beliefs especially by shop keepers and those not so friendly little elves from the
Iceland consortium making as much money as they can, forcing suppliers to accept less
than they had previously agreed - Ahh the joys of human kindness. The causes of all these
conflicting undercurrents of humanity may never be known but if you will put all that stuff
aside then - what you make Crimbo and new year to be really is up to you - and I do hope
( and even offer a prayer to all receptive Deity's, God's and Goddesses ) that for you it
turns out exactly the way you wish it to be while you want it to.
The 'problems' or stuck states are presented in RED and the verbal responses in GREEN
Your smiling at me that way makes me feel nervous!
What times have you felt nervous before and I haven't smiled?
Its your interpretation of what my smile means that you say is making you nervous!
Are you saying that EVERY time I smile you get nervous - what if I wasn't here?
How does that happen?
IF she gets that job THEN we can be sure of improved performance
Are you suggesting that the only way we can have improved performance IS her getting
the job?
So you are suggesting that improved performance will only be credited to and caused by
her?
How will her not getting the job necessitate an impossible performance improvement?
THEN IF she doesn't get the job were finished? There is absolutely no other way in the
universe to improve performance - IS this what you actually mean?
All of the above 'interventions' take the form of a response to recognising a description of
some implied or stated cause and effect. This cause effect model works well with Newtonian
physics but kind of crumbles and dissipates with people and living things.
There are several ways to respond. One way is to offer counter examples to either the
whole statement or to the cause part or to the effect part. Other ways are to request the
specifics, the what, OR the structure, the how of the particular cause and or effect.
The purpose of the response is to create choice and to create choice that is initiated and
maintained by self.
Example
You make me feel good.
You have felt good without me.
What exactly is it that you choose to feel good about?
Nip skin playfully and "you feel good to me too"
Example
His boasting boars me
Come on lets go somewhere else
Its not his 'boasting' its your attitude
Then stop letting him control you - choose to feel something else!
Pattern 14
It's good, useful and certainly important to know what you really want. To know what
you do want, when and where you want it and how you will know you have it are
particularly valuable.
It's easy to go and create a list things you want. Things you want can include material
possessions, like cars, books and clothes or internal states like, increased motivation to
achieve 'X', or to feel centered, now, it may be something like 'more aptitude with physical
coordination when I am doing 'Z''.
It's really necessary to be as specific as you are able to be specific about what exactly it
is you want, that's so cool! Its obvious that this specification about what you want,
perhaps it's something really easy and extremely useful like improving ones metamodelling skills, begins a processes, both internal and external, that can bring about a
realisation of what you want and how to get it, now, that's really interesting ain't it!
And that is what the meta-model is about, being specific, exploring the assumptions
and engendering response-ability. Socrates thought this was a good idea, if the
'Socratic questioning' model is to be believed'.
The 'problems' or stuck states are presented in RED and the verbal responses in GREEN
Its necessary to feel bad before you feel good!
Who says its necessary?
According to who?
Which idiot thinks that?
Everyone should be content with what they have got!
Are you saying 'everyone should be content'?
What philosopher are you quoting?
Why do you think that?
Strategic armaments are important to defend us from differing beliefs
Says who?
according to who?
You sound like your quoting from the dictionary of anal utterances.
Example
Its important to respect scientific beliefs and values
Says who?
Important compared to what?
Important to who?
(Or more provocatively)
Or what will happen?
Why?
Example
Its important to respect religious beliefs and values
Says who?
Important compared to what?
Important to who?
(Or more provocatively)
Or what will happen?
Why?
Taking it further
You will have already noticed that 'some' of individually presented patterns are present in
some of the other patterns. This is true. These buggers can be tricky and more oftenthan-not travel in packs. The purpose of this document is to become proficient with the
basics.
I have practised kung-fu off and on since I was around 11 years old. I am now beginning
to develop some proficiency. When learning kung-fu as I am still doing, the basics are
drilled repeatedly. Even though we practice techniques in isolation, commonly called 'the
forms' or kata's, it is these basics or structures that all the rest of the system are based on,
around and on top of. You could learn the forms very quickly in a matter of days and yet I
guarantee you would not know them or be able to apply them well. Through repetition and
practice you will become much more proficient and have a deeper understanding.
To get even better at meta modelling, practice recognition of each of the patterns in
isolation. Easy ways to do this are listening to the radio, television or conversations
By going through this document and perhaps for the bold maybe braving the structure of
magic ( chapters 4-5 ) you will easily become familiar with the 'responses' presented in
these books.
During a master practitioner, the person who introduced me to the delights of the meta
model, Ian Berry, asked a question to the group...
Who understands all the meta-model he said
Smiling, I raised my hand and was confidently forming the words yes, I do when Ian
looked at me and addressed the class and said, with authority
No you don't
He is of course, quite correct.
Communicating Excellence
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