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2.1 Subsets of Real Numbers

The document defines and provides examples of subsets of real numbers. It discusses how the real number system evolved to include natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers and irrational numbers. Rational numbers can be expressed as a ratio of integers, while irrational numbers cannot. Together, rational and irrational numbers make up the set of real numbers which have a one-to-one correspondence with points on the real number line. Various subsets of real numbers like prime numbers, even integers and multiples of integers are also introduced.

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Lorraine Lacuesta
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885 views29 pages

2.1 Subsets of Real Numbers

The document defines and provides examples of subsets of real numbers. It discusses how the real number system evolved to include natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers and irrational numbers. Rational numbers can be expressed as a ratio of integers, while irrational numbers cannot. Together, rational and irrational numbers make up the set of real numbers which have a one-to-one correspondence with points on the real number line. Various subsets of real numbers like prime numbers, even integers and multiples of integers are also introduced.

Uploaded by

Lorraine Lacuesta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subsets of the Set

of Real Numbers

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able
to
identify subsets of the set of real
numbers
recognize the various forms of rational
numbers
distinguish rational numbers from
irrational numbers
locate numbers on the real number line
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

The Real Number System

evolved over time by expanding the


notion of what we mean by the word
number.
at first, number meant something
you could count, like
how many children a father sired
how many legs an insect has
These are called
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Real Number System Natural numbers

Natural Numbers
All natural numbers are
truly natural. We find them
in nature.

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Real Number System Natural numbers

N = the set of natural numbers,


also called as the counting
numbers

N= 1,2,3,4,5,

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Real Number System Natural numbers Subsets of Natural numbers

P = the set of prime numbers,


natural numbers with exactly
two factors, 1 and itself
What is the smallest prime number?

Name some more prime numbers.

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Real Number System Natural numbers Subsets of Natural numbers

C = the set of composite numbers,


natural numbers that have
more than 2 factors
What is the smallest composite
number?
Name some more composite numbers.
Are P and C disjoint?
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Real Number System Whole numbers

Whole Numbers
W= 0,1,2,3,4,5,
=N

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Real Number System Whole numbers

What is N W ? W
N W ? N
Are N and W disjoint? Yes
What is W N? {0}
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

Real Number System Integers

Integers
Z= , 3, 2, 1,0,1,2,3,

Give some subsets of Z.

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

10

Real Number System Integers

Even Integers
E= , 4, 2,0,2,4,

= 2k k Z

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

11

Real Number System Integers

Odd Integers
O= , 5, 3, 1,1,3,5,

= 2k 1 k Z

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

12

Time to think:
Is E = O? No Why?

Is E O? Yes Why?
Are E and O disjoint? Yes

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

13

Real Number System Negative Integers

Negative Integers
Z = , 3, 2, 1

Non-positive Integers
Z = , 3, 2, 1,0

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

14

Real Number System Negative Integers

Multiples of k

kN = kx x N
kZ = kx x Z

Example:
3Z= 3x x Z
, 6, 3,0,3,6,
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

15

Real Number System Rational numbers

Rational Numbers, Q
A rational number is a
number that can be expressed
as the ratio or quotient of two
integers p and q where q 0.

Q | p, q Z , q 0
q

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

16

Real Number System Rational numbers

Examples of Rational Numbers


1
a) 0.25
4

0
b) 0
7

11
c)
5.5
2

20
d) 4
5

2
e) 0.666...
3
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

17

Real Number System Rational numbers

Forms of Rational Numbers

Integers
Fractions
proper fraction
improper fraction
Decimals
terminating
non-terminating but repeating
decimals
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

18

Real Number System Irrational numbers

Irrational Numbers, Qc

are those real numbers that can not be


expressed as the ratio of two integers

denote the set of irrational numbers as


Qc (the complement of Q)

can also be described as decimal


numbers that neither repeat nor
terminate
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

19

Real Number System Irrational numbers

Examples of Irrational
Numbers

Non-terminating, non-repeating
decimals

a) 1.01001000100001
b) 1.414213562

c) 3.141592653589
d) 2.71828182845904523536 e
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

20

Real Number System

Set of Real Numbers, R

R is the union of the


set of rational numbers
and the set of irrational
numbers.
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

21

Subsets Real Number System

SUMMARY

R
Q

terminating or non-terminating but

repeating
decimals

0
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

N
22

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

23
22

Real Number System

Time to think!

Given R is the universal set, determine the ff:


1. N W

7. R Q

2. W N

8. P C

3. Z E

9. 2Z 3Z

10. Z O

5. Q Q

11. O E

6. N

12. 0,1,2 C

4. Q

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

24

Real Number Line

One-dimensional
coordinate system

There is a 11 correspondence
between the set of points on a line
and the set of real numbers.
Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

25

Real Number Line


11 correspondence

1 1
4 2

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

26

Locating numbers in the number


line:
Find the following numbers in the
number line shown below:
2

a) 1

b) 2

c) 2

d)

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

5
3

27

SUMMARY

A real number is either rational or irrational.

If it is a rational number, it is either


an integer or a non-integer fraction.
If it is an integer, it is either a whole
number or a negative integer.
If it is a whole number, it is either a
counting number or zero.
There is a 1-1 correspondence between
the set of real numbers and the set of
points on the line.

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

28

FB group of Sir Arniel Roxas

https://www.facebook.com/groups/math.arnielroxas/

Mathematics Division, IMSP, UPLB

29

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