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Signal and System Lecture 4

This document discusses representations of continuous-time signals and systems. [1] Continuous-time signals can be represented as a sum of shifted unit impulses. Convolution is used to represent the output of continuous-time linear and time-invariant systems when an input signal is applied. [2] Properties of convolution such as commutativity, associativity, and distributivity are discussed. Examples of systems such as an integrator and differentiator are provided. [3] The unit impulse is defined operationally as the input signal that results in the impulse response of the system as the output. Other derivatives of the unit impulse like the unit doublet are also introduced.

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139 views20 pages

Signal and System Lecture 4

This document discusses representations of continuous-time signals and systems. [1] Continuous-time signals can be represented as a sum of shifted unit impulses. Convolution is used to represent the output of continuous-time linear and time-invariant systems when an input signal is applied. [2] Properties of convolution such as commutativity, associativity, and distributivity are discussed. Examples of systems such as an integrator and differentiator are provided. [3] The unit impulse is defined operationally as the input signal that results in the impulse response of the system as the output. Other derivatives of the unit impulse like the unit doublet are also introduced.

Uploaded by

ali_rehman87
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals and Systems

Fall 2003
Lecture #4
16 September 2003

1. Representation of CT Signals in terms of shifted unit impulses


2. Convolution integral representation of CT LTI systems
3. Properties and Examples
4. The unit impulse as an idealized pulse that is
“short enough”: The operational definition of δ(t)
Representation of CT Signals

• Approximate any input x(t) as a sum of shifted, scaled


pulses
has unit area

The Sifting Property of the Unit Impulse


Response of a CT LTI System

LTI ⇒
Operation of CT Convolution

Example: CT convolution
-1

-1 0

0 1

1 2

2
PROPERTIES AND EXAMPLES

1) Commutativity:
2)

3) An integrator:

4) Step response:
DISTRIBUTIVITY
ASSOCIATIVITY
The impulse as an idealized “short” pulse

Consider response from initial rest to pulses of different shapes and


durations, but with unit area. As the duration decreases, the responses
become similar for different pulse shapes.
The Operational Definition of the Unit Impulse δ(t)

δ(t) — idealization of a unit-area pulse that is so short that, for


any physical systems of interest to us, the system responds
only to the area of the pulse and is insensitive to its duration

Operationally: The unit impulse is the signal which when


applied to any LTI system results in an output equal to the
impulse response of the system. That is,

— δ(t) is defined by what it does under convolution.


The Unit Doublet — Differentiator

Impulse response = unit doublet

The operational definition of the unit doublet:


Triplets and beyond!

n is number of
differentiations
Integrators

“-1 derivatives" = integral ⇒ I.R. = unit step


Integrators (continued)
Notation

Define

Then

E.g.
Sometimes Useful Tricks

Differentiate first, then convolve, then integrate


Example

1 1 2 2
Example (continued)

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