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The Functions of Speech Communication Are

There are five main types and levels of communication: verbal, nonverbal, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and public. Verbal communication refers to spoken language while nonverbal communication conveys messages through gestures, body language, and other non-linguistic means. Intrapersonal communication is self-talk, interpersonal communication occurs between people, and public communication involves speaking to audiences. Effective communication is a process that requires transmitting messages from a sender through a medium to a receiver, with feedback completing the communication cycle. Context, the message, medium, receiver, and feedback are key components that determine the success of communication.

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3K views4 pages

The Functions of Speech Communication Are

There are five main types and levels of communication: verbal, nonverbal, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and public. Verbal communication refers to spoken language while nonverbal communication conveys messages through gestures, body language, and other non-linguistic means. Intrapersonal communication is self-talk, interpersonal communication occurs between people, and public communication involves speaking to audiences. Effective communication is a process that requires transmitting messages from a sender through a medium to a receiver, with feedback completing the communication cycle. Context, the message, medium, receiver, and feedback are key components that determine the success of communication.

Uploaded by

Ocy Tojon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The functions of speech communication are:

Referential
Phatic
Expressive
Interactional
Transactional
Types & Levels of Communication
We communicate with one another on many different levels.
Because we do not have direct access to the thoughts and feelings of other people,
we must rely on communication to convey messages to one another. There is more
to communication than simply using language to speak to one another.
Communication exists on a number of levels and in a variety of forms.
Verbal Communication
Verbal communication refers to the use of symbols in the form of spoken words to
transmit messages. Verbal communication is complicated by the fact that language
is arbitrary, meaning that words change over time; ambiguous, meaning that many
words lack clear-cut meanings; and abstract, meaning that words are not the
phenomena to which they refer. Thus, miscommunication occurs when the meaning
we attach to a word changes with time, when a word lacks a clear-cut, precise
meaning or when words are used that are too general. For example, the word "love"
is a very imprecise term; one person's definition of love may differ substantially
from another person's.
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication refers to the use of symbols other than words to transmit
messages. It includes gestures, body language, how we utter words, aspects of our
environment that influence meaning and objects such as jewelry, furniture and
clothing that send people messages about ourselves. Research suggests that
nonverbal communication constitutes anywhere between 65 and 93 percent of all
human communication. Just like words, nonverbal symbols are ambiguous. What is
a polite gesture to one person may be considered rude by another person. Certain
forms of nonverbal communication may also have different meanings in different
cultures. For example, direct eye contact is appropriate in U.S. society but
considered disrespectful in many Asian countries.
Intrapersonal Communication
Intrapersonal communication is also known as self-talk or thinking, and refers to the
ways we communicate with ourselves. We use intrapersonal communication to plan
our lives, rehearse scenarios before we act them out, and tell ourselves what to do
or not do. The way we communicate with ourselves greatly affects our self-esteem.
A person who tells himself, "I'm so stupid" when he fails an exam will likely have
poorer self-esteem than someone who thinks, "I did really well on the previous four
exams. I must have just been having an off day, and I'll do better next time."
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication is the communication we have with other people. This
type of communication varies from highly impersonal to extremely personal.
The degree to which we communicate, or fail to communicate, with others
influences how our relationships with them develop, continue or come to an end.
Public Communication
Public communication refers to public speeches that we deliver in front of
audiences. Public communication serves three main purposes: to entertain, to

persuade and/or to inform. It is different from other forms of interaction in that it


requires greater levels of planning and preparation on the part of the speaker and
involves less direct interaction. Audience members still interact with the speaker via
mostly nonverbal symbols, but there is a lesser degree of give and take than there
is in one-on-one conversations.
Mass Communication
Mass communication refers to any type of media that is used to communicate with
mass audiences. Examples of mass media include books, television, radios, films,
computer technologies, magazines and newspapers.

We know that communication is a process of transmitting and receiving


messages (verbal and non-verbal). Communication is a dialogue not a
monologue. So, a communication is said to be effective only if it brings the desired
response from the receiver.
Communication consists of six components or elements.
Components of Communication
1.

Context

2.

Sender/Encoder

3.

Message

4.

Medium

5.

Receiver/Decoder

6.

Feedback
Context
Every message (Oral or written), begins with context. Context is a very broad
field that consists different aspects. One aspect is country, culture and
organization. Every organization, culture and country communicate information in
their own way.

Another aspect of context is external stimulus. The sources of external stimulus


includes; meeting, letter, memo, telephone call, fax, note, email and even a casual
conversation. This external stimuli motivates you to respond and this response may
be oral or written.
Internal stimuli is another aspect of communication. Internal Stimuli includes; You
opinion, attitude, likes, dis-likes, emotions, experience, education and confidence.
These all have multifaceted influence on the way you communicate you ideas.
A sender can communicate his ideas effectively by considering all aspects of
context mentioned above.
Sender/Encoder
Encoder is the person who sends message. In oral communication the encoder
is speaker, and in written communication writer is the encoder. An encoder uses
combination of symbols, words, graphs and pictures understandable by the
receiver, to best convey his message in order to achieve his desired response.
Message
Message is the information that is exchanged between sender and
receiver. The first task is to decide what you want to communicate and what would
be the content of your message; what are the main points of your message and
what other information to include. The central idea of the message must be clear.
While writing the message, encoder should keep in mind all aspects of context and
the receiver (How he will interpret the message).
Messages can be intentional and unintentional.
Medium
Medium is the channel through which encoder will communicate his
message. How the message gets there. Your medium to send a message, may be
print, electronic, or sound. Medium may be a person as postman. The choice of
medium totally depends on the nature of you message and contextual factors
discussed above. Choice of medium is also influence by the relationship between
the sender and receiver.

The oral medium, to convey your message, is effective when your message is
urgent, personal or when immediate feedback is desired. While, when your message
is ling, technical and needs to be documented, then written medium should be
preferred that is formal in nature. These guidelines may change while
communicating internationally where complex situations are dealt orally and
communicated in writing later on.
Receiver/Decoder
The person to whom the message is being sent is called receiver/decoder.
Receiver may be a listener or a reader depending on the choice of medium by
sender to transmit the message.Receiver is also influenced by the context,
internal and external stimuli.
Receiver is the person who interprets the message, so higher the chances are
of mis-communication because of receivers perception, opinion, attitude and
personality. There will be minor deviation in transmitting the exact idea only if your
receiver is educated and have communication skills.
Feedback
Response or reaction of the receiver, to a message, is called feedback. Feedback
may be written or oral message, an action or simply, silence may also be a
feedback to a message.
Feedback is the most important component of communication in business.
Communication is said to be effective only when it receives some feedback.
Feedback, actually, completes the loop of communication.

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