Aerodynamics Chapter 1 R
Aerodynamics Chapter 1 R
Aerodynamics Chapter 1 R
Zheyan Jin
Aerodynamics
Zheyan Jin
School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics
Tongji University
Shanghai, China, 200092
Basic Information
Phone: 86-21-65982651
Fax:
Email: [email protected]
86-21-65983657
Office Hour:
Friday: 10:00-11:30AM
Grading
Homework: 20%
Report: 20%
Final60%
Wright Brothers
In any case, as famous as we became for our "Flyer" and its system of
control, it all would never have happened if we had not developed our own
wind tunnel and derived our own correct aerodynamic data. - Wilbur Wright
Why dont they use sharp-pointed, slender reentry body shapes to reduce
the drag of supersonic vehicles?
To minimize aerodynamic heating
Smaller heating
of the air
Very high
speed flow
Large heating
of the body
Larger heating
of the air
Smaller heating
of the body
Very high
speed flow
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
The objectives of
Aerodynamics
Density:
Temperature:
Velocity:
dF f
V+dV
a
dy
1
Shear Stress:
dV
dy
lim(
V
b
dF f
dA
A
c
L N cos A sin
D N sin A cos
Area S
Dynamic pressure:
l = c = chord length
1
V2
2
CL
L
q S
CD
Pressure coefficient:
D
q S
Cp
CN
N
q S
p p
q
CA
A
q S
CM
M
q Sl
Cf
Answer:
N'
'
LE
x cp
x cp
sin 0
L'
M 'c/4
D'
c/4
Moment at the quarter-chord point:
c
'
M LE
L' M c' / 4
4
Answer:
Dimensional analysis.
f1 ( P1 , P2 , , PN ) 0
f 2 ( 1 , 2 , , N K ) 0
Where each product is a dimensionless product of a set of K physical
variables plus one other physical variable.
1 f 3 (P1 , P2 , , PK , PK 1 )
2 f 4 (P1 , P2 , , PK , PK 2 )
N K f N - K (P1 , P2 , , PK , PN )
The choice of the repeating variables, P1, P2,,PK should be such that
they include all the K dimensions used in the problem. Also, the
dependent variable should appear in only one of the products.
Re
V c
M V / a
The ratio of flow velocity to the speed of sound.
Prandtl Number:
Pr c p / k
The ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity.
Continuum flow
Low-density and
free-molecule flow
Viscous flow
Inviscid flow
Incompressible flow
Compressible flow
Subsonic flow
Transonic flow
Supersonic flow
Hypersonic flow
M<1
2. Sonic:
M=1
3. Supersonic:
M>1