Papers 12-13

Introduction to research
2. Scientific papers
Scientific papers

Introduction
How to write a scientific paper
How to publish a scientific paper
INTRODUCTION Academic journal

An academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which

scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is
published
Academia journals serve as forums for the introduction and
presentation for scrutiny of new research, and the critique of
existing research
Content typically takes the form of articles presenting
original research, review articles, and book reviews
Academic or professional publications that are not peerreviewed are usually called professional magazines
INTRODUCTION Citation

Citation is the process of acknowledging or citing the

author, year, title, and locus of publication (journal, book, or
other) of a source used in a published work
Such citations can be counted as measures of the usage
and impact of the cited work
This is called citation analysis or bibliometrics
Among the measures that have emerged from citation
analysis are the citation count for
an individual article (how often it was cited)
an author (total citations, or average citation count per article)
for a journal (journal impact factor, or the average citation count for
the articles in the journal)
INTRODUCTION Citation index

A citation index is an index of citations between

publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later
documents cite which earlier documents
INTRODUCTION Science Citation Index

Science Citation Index (SCI) is a citation index originally

produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in
1960, which is now owned by Thomson Reuters
The online version (Science Citation Index Expanded)
covers 6,400 of the world's leading journals of science and
technology, but mainly those in the English language
It is made available online through the Web of Science
database, a part of the Web of Knowledge collection of
databases
INTRODUCTION Journal citation reports

Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is an annual publication by

the Institute of Scientific Information, a division of Thomson
Scientific
It provides information about academic journals in the
sciences and social sciences
It was originally published as a part of Science Citation
Index, and is compiled from the citation data found there
INTRODUCTION Impact factor

The impact factor, often abbreviated IF, is a measure of the

citations to science and social science journals
It is frequently used as a proxy for the importance of a
journal to its field
The Impact factor was devised by Eugene Garfield, the
founder of the Institute for Scientific Information, now part of
Thomson, a large worldwide US-based publisher
Impact factors are calculated each year by Thomson
Scientific for those journals which it indexes, and the factors
and indices are published in Journal Citation Reports
The publication of each year covered occurs in the summer
of the following year
For example impact factors for 2008 will be published in the summer
of 2009

Some related values, also calculated and published by the

same organization, are:
the immediacy index:
the number of citations the articles in a journal receive in a given
year divided by the number of articles published
the cited half-life:
the median age of the articles that were cited in Journal Citation
Reports each year
For example, if a journal's half-life in 2005 is 5, that means the
citations from 2001-2005 are half of all the citations from that
journal in 2005, and the other half of the citations precede 2001
the aggregate impact factor for a subject category:
it is calculated taking into account the number of citations to all
journals in the subject category and the number of articles from
all the journals in the subject category

The impact factor of a journal is calculated based on a twoyear period

It can be viewed as the average number of citations in a
year given to those papers in a journal that were published
during the two preceding years
For example, the 2003 impact factor of a journal would be
calculated as follows:
A = the number of times articles published in 2001-2 were cited in
indexed journals during 2003
B = the number of "citable items" (usually articles, reviews,
proceedings or notes; not editorials and letters-to-the-Editor)
published in 2001-2
2003 impact factor = A/B
(note that the 2003 impact factor was actually published in 2004,
because it could not be calculated until all of the 2003 publications had
been received.)

A convenient way of thinking about it is that a journal that is

cited once, on average, for each article published has an IF
of 1 in the expression above
There are some nuances to this:
ISI excludes certain article types (so-called 'front-matter' such as
news items, correspondence, and errata) from the denominator
Thomson Scientific does not have a fixed rule for which types of
articles are considered "citable" and which front-matter

The table shows the top 10 journals by ISI Impact Factor,

PageRank, and a modified system that combines the two
(based on 2003 data)
INTRODUCTION h-Index
The h-index is an index that quantifies both the actual

scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a
scientist
The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited
papers and the number of citations that they have received
in other people's publications
The index can also be applied to the productivity and impact
of a group of scientists, such as a department or university
or country
The index was suggested by Jorge E. Hirsch, a physicist at

UCSD, as a tool for determining theoretical physicists'
relative quality and is sometimes called the Hirsch index or
Hirsch number
Hirsch suggested that, for physicists,:
A value for h of about 10-12 might be a useful guideline for tenure
decisions at major research universities
A value of about 18 could mean a full professorship
1520 could mean a fellowship in the American Physical Society,
and
45 or higher could mean membership in the United States National
Academy of Sciences
The index is based on the distribution of citations received

by a given researcher's publications
Hirsch writes:
A scientist has index h if h of [their]
Np papers have at least h citations
each, and the other (Np - h) papers
have at most h citations each
In other words, a scholar with an

index of h has published h papers
each of which has been cited by
others at least h times
Thus, the h-index reflects both the number of publications

and the number of citations per publication
The index is designed to improve upon simpler measures
such as the total number of citations or publications
The index works properly only for comparing scientists
working in the same field; citation conventions differ widely
among different fields
INTRODUCTION Scopus
Scopus is a database of abstracts and citations for scholarly

journal articles
It indexes 15,800 peer-reviewed journals in the scientific,
technical, medical and social sciences fields
It is owned by Elsevier and is provided on the Web for
subscribers
Searches in Scopus incorporate searches of scientific web
pages through Scirus, another Elsevier product, as well as
patent databases
10
INTRODUCTION Scopus
Scopus also offers author profiles which cover affiliations,

number of publications and their bibliographic data,
references and details on the number of citations each
published document has received
It has alerting features that allow anyone who registers to
track changes to a profile
By using Scopus Author Preview anyone is able to search
for an author, with affiliation name as a limiter, verify the
authors identification and set-up an automatic RSS feed or
e-mail alerts to the authors homepage
INTRODUCTION Web of Science

Web of Science is an online academic service provided by

Thomson Reuters
It provides access to seven databases:
Science Citation Index (SCI)

Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)
Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI)
Index Chemicus
Current Chemical Reactions
Conference Proceedings Citation Index
Science and Conference Proceedings Citation Index: Social Science
and Humanities
Its databases cover almost 10,000 leading journals of

science, technology, social sciences, arts, and humanities
and over 100,000 book-based and journal conference
proceedings
11
INTRODUCTION Google Scholar

Google Scholar is a freely-accessible Web search engine

that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an
array of publishing formats and disciplines
Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar
index includes most peer-reviewed online journals of the
world's largest scientific publishers
It is similar in function to the freely available Scirus from
Elsevier, CiteSeer, and getCITED
It is also similar to the subscription-based tools, Elsevier's
Scopus and Thomson ISI's Web of Science
Google Scholar nonetheless claims to cover more websites,
journal sources and languages
INTRODUCTION - Examples
ISI web of knowledge - Journal citation reports:

To find the impact factor of a specific journal
To find which journal has a higher impact factor in its field
Scopus:
To find a specific paper
To find the publications of one scientist
To find the number of citations of a paper
ISI web of knowledge Current contents:

To find a specific paper
To find the publications of one scientist
ISI web of knowledge Web of science:

To find the h-index of a scientist
12
Scientific papers

Introduction
HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER

Selection of the adequate journal

Parts of a paper
Title: selection of adequate wording and style
Authors
Summary or abstract
Introduction: importance of the state of the art and
explanation of the paper objectives
Experimental part
Results and discussion
Conclusions
Nomenclature, acknowledgements, bibliografic references
Tables and figures
13

Depending on what we want to publish we look for the most

adequate journal depending on:
The objectives and motivaitons of the journal
Impact index
Previous experience

Read and follow the Guide for authors

Look for one or two papers of the same topic as ours
published in this journal to be used as model
14
Guide for authors
Guide for authors
15
Parts of a paper
Title: selection of adequate wording and style
16
Authors
How many authors should be in a paper?

Who must be author in a paper?
Are collaborative publications important?
Authors
17
Summary or abstract

It must contain everything said in a paper

It must be the hook so other authors/researchers want to
read our paper
It must say whan we want to do, but it must also contain
some results and/or conclusions
Usually, it is only one paragraph
Summary or abstract
18
Introduction
It must include:
Presentation of the topic of the work
State of the art
An explanation of the objective of the paper
Introduction
19
Introduction
Experimental part
It must contain (in one or more chapters):

Description of the experimental equipment/set up
Description of the method (so sometimes this chapter is called
Method or Methodology)
Description of the materials
Description of the chemical or physical analysis performed (if
applicable)
It must allow to any person wanting to, to repeat all the

experiments or proves without difficulties
20
Experimental part

It can be one or two chapters

Is the fundamental and essential part of a paper
Is where the novelty or increase of the knowledge is
presented
21
22
Conclusions

Is one of the essential parts of a paper

Most researchers read the abstract and the conclusions and,
if it is interesting enough, the rest of the paper, but
sometimes nothing more
They must contain a summary of the results (some
reviewers do not agree) and the conclusions or
improvements done
Conclusions
23
Acknowledgements
References
24
References
Reference style how to indicate a reference in the text

Example 1:
Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with
the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference
number(s) must always be given.
Example: '..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8]
obtained a different result ....'
In the case of two citations, the numbers should be separated by
a comma [1,2]. In the case of more than two references, the
numbers should be separated by a dash [5-7].
References
Reference style how to indicate a reference in the text

Example 2:
All citations in the text should refer to:
1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is
ambiguity) and the year of publication
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by "et al." and
the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically)
Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then
chronologically.
Examples:
"as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones,
1995).
Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown ...."
25
References
List
Example 1:
Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in
the order in which they appear in the text
Example 2:
References should be arranged first alphabetically and then
further sorted chronologically if necessary
More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same
year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after
the year of publication
Some examples are shown next:
References
Reference to a journal publication:

[1] Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific
article. J Sci Commun 2010;163:519.
[1] Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific
article. J Sci Commun 2010;163(4):519.
[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a
scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2010) 5159.
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2000. The art of writing a
scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51-59.
Glaser M 2000 Cycles of comparison measurements, uncertainties and
efficiencies Meas. Sci. Technol. 11 20-4
Schmidt J, Volkel R, Stork W, Schwider J, Streibl N and Durst F 1992
Diffractive beam splitter for laser Doppler velocimetry Opt. Lett. 17 1240-2
[1] Ning, X., and Lovell, M. R., 2002, On the Sliding Friction Characteristics
of Unidirectional Continuous FRP Composites, ASME J. Tribol., 124(1), pp.
5-13.
26
References
Article not in English

Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og
jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7.
Norwegian.
Optional translation of article title (MEDLINE/PubMed practice):
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. [Disease anxiety among medical
students and law students]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Mar
20;122(8):785-7. Norwegian.
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og
jusstudenter. [Disease anxiety among medical students and law
students]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Mar 20;122(8):785-7.
Norwegian.
References
Article in press
Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of
balancing selection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. In
press, 2002.
Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of
balancing selection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.172203599. In press, 2002.
27
References
Journal abbreviations source

Journal Title Abbreviations:
http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/
Index Medicus journal abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html
List of title word abbreviations: http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWAonline.php
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service): http://www.cas.org/sent.html
References
Reference to a book
[2] Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 4th ed. New York:
Longman; 2000.
[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, fourth ed.,
Longman, New York, 2000.
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, third ed.
Macmillan, New York.
3. Weise K and Woger W 1999 Uncertainty and Measurements in
Data Evaluation (Berlin: Wiley-VCH) (in German)
28
References
Reference to a chapter in an edited book

[3] Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of
your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the
electronic age, New York: E-Publishing Inc; 2009, p. 281304
[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version
of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the
Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 2009, pp. 281304
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 1999. How to prepare an electronic
version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.),
Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp.
281-304
[3] Jones, J., 2000, Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK, Chap. 6
References
Reference to congress proceedings

Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V.
Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 1315; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002
Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational
effort statistic for genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller
J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP
2002: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic
Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer;
2002. p. 182-91
[4] Lee, Y., Korpela, S. A., and Horne, R. N., 1982, Structure of
Multi-Cellular Natural Convection in a Tall Vertical Annulus, Proc.
7th International Heat Transfer Conference, U. Grigul et al., eds.,
Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 2, pp. 221226
29
References
Reference to a standard
ASTM D638-03, 2004. Annual book of ASTM standards, Section 8,
Plastics, Philadelphia
EN 1015-3:2007, Methods of test for mortar for masonry:
determination of consistence of fresh mortar
4. 1993 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
(Geneva: International Organization for Standardization)
References
Reference to a report
Issued by funding/sponsoring agency:
Yen GG (Oklahoma State University, School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Stillwater, OK). Health monitoring on vibration signatures. Final
report. Arlington (VA): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), Air Force
Research Laboratory; 2002 Feb. Report No.: AFRLSRBLTR020123. Contract No.:
F496209810049.
Issued by performing agency:
Russell ML, Goth-Goldstein R, Apte MG, Fisk WJ. Method for measuring the size
distribution of airborne Rhinovirus. Berkeley (CA): Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division; 2002 Jan. Report No.:
LBNL49574. Contract No.: DEAC0376SF00098. Sponsored by the Department of
Energy.
[6] Watson, D. W., 1997, Thermodynamic Analysis, ASME Paper No. 97-GT-288.
[8] Kwon, O. K., and Pletcher, R. H., 1981, Prediction of the Incompressible Flow
Over A Rearward-Facing Step, Technical Report No. HTL-26, CFD-4, Iowa State
Univ., Ames, IA.
30
References
Reference to PhD thesis

Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of
Hispanic Americans [PhD thesis]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central
Michigan University; 2002.
[7] Tung, C. Y., 1982, Evaporative Heat Transfer in the Contact Line
of a Mixture, Ph.D. thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy,
NY.
References
Reference to patent
Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible
endoscopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool
assembly. United States patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1
31
References
Reference to a web page

Cancer-Pain.org [Internet]. New York: Association of Cancer Online
Resources, Inc.; c2000-01 [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9].
Available from: http://www.cancer-pain.org/.
American Medical Association [Internet]. Chicago: The Association;
c1995-2002 [updated 2001 Aug 23; cited 2002 Aug 12]. AMA Office
of Group Practice Liaison; [about 2 screens]. Available from:
http://www.ama-ssn.org/ama/pub/category/1736.html
[9] Smith, R., 2002, Conformal Lubricated Contact of Cylindrical
Surfaces Involved in a Non-Steady Motion, Ph.D. thesis,
http://www.cas.phys.unm.edu/rsmith/homepage.html
Nomenclature
32
Tables and figures

Tables:
They are usually included without format
They are included at the end of the document with the caption
Figures:
They are included at the end of the document without the caption
There is a Figures caption after the references
Tables and figures
33
Tables and figures

Walls
30
TEMPERATURE (C)
25
SOUTHPCM
20
WESTPCM
ROOFPCM
SOUTH
WEST
15
ROOF
10
5
23/03/2005
0:00
24/03/2005
0:00
25/03/2005
0:00
26/03/2005
0:00
27/03/2005
0:00
28/03/2005
0:00
29/03/2005
0:00
30/03/2005
0:00
31/03/2005
0:00
01/04/2005
0:00
02/04/2005
0:00
DATE
30
2C
TEMPERATURE (C)
Without PCM
25
With PCM
20
15
10
23/03/2 24/03/2 25/03/2 26/03/2 27/03/2 28/03/2 29/03/2 30/03/2 31/03/2 01/04/2 02/04/2
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
DATE
Tables and figures

Copper
Aluminium
Stainless steel
Carbon steel
200
150
100
50
Copper
Aluminium
Stainless steel
Carbon steel
250
0
0
Weeks
12
Corrosion rate (mg/cm2year)
Corrosion rate (mg/cm2year)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
Weeks
12
34
Scientific papers

Introduction
HOW TO PUBLISH A SCIENTIFIC PAPER

The review process of a scientific journal

Peer review
Example of the form to be filled up by the reviewers
How to answer to the reviewers comments
Once the paper is accepted

The editorial proofs
35
Peer review
Peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of

subjecting an author's scholarly work, research, or ideas to
the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field
Peer review requires a community of experts in a given (and
often narrowly defined) field, who are qualified and able to
perform impartial review
Impartial review, especially of work in less narrowly defined
or inter-disciplinary fields, may be difficult to accomplish; and
the significance (good or bad) of an idea may never be
widely appreciated among its contemporaries
Although generally considered essential to academic quality,
peer review has been criticized as ineffective, slow, and
misunderstood
Peer review
Peer review is used mainly for three reasons:

Workload: A small group of editors/assessors cannot devote
sufficient time to each of the many articles submitted to many
journals
Diversity of opinion: Were the editor/assessor to judge all submitted
material themselves, approved material would solely reflect their
opinion
Limited expertise: An editor/assessor cannot be expected to be
sufficiently expert in all areas covered by a single journal or funding
agency to adequately judge all submitted material
36
Peer review
Reviewers are typically anonymous and independent, to

help foster unvarnished criticism, and to discourage
cronyism in funding and publication decisions
However, US government guidelines governing peer review
for federal regulatory agencies require that reviewer's
identity be disclosed under some circumstances
Anonymity may be unilateral or reciprocal (single- or doubleblinded reviewing)
Peer review
Referees' evaluations usually include an explicit

recommendation of what to do with the manuscript or
proposal, often chosen from options provided by the journal
or funding agency
Most recommendations are along the lines of the following:
to unconditionally accept the manuscript or proposal,

to accept it in the event that its authors improve it in certain ways,
to reject it, but encourage revision and invite resubmission,
to reject it outright.
37
Peer review
Elsevier, 2009
Steps for the reviewer

Invitation for the revision:
Dr. L.F. Cabeza

Escola Politcnica Superior
Universitat de Lleida
C/Jaume II, 69, Lleida, 25001
Spain
RE:
MS#
B/J08093,
".Title"
.Author.
by
Dear Dr. Cabeza:

The above cited paper has been received in this office for possible publication in the
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. I request you to please review the paper
and let me have your opinion on its acceptability. In addition to the manuscript, I have enclosed
review sheets, which I hope you find convenient to use.
I thank you for your time and with best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Prof. Sreenivas Jayanti
Associate Editor
Encl:
1. Manuscript
2. Reviewers comments form
********************************************************************
Prof. Sreenivas Jayanti
Department of Chemical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai 600 036, India
Associate Editor:
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
Tel. : +91 (44) 2257 4168; 2257 4932
Fax : +91 (44) 2257 0094
E-mail: [email protected]
********************************************************************
38
Steps for the reviewer
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

REVIEW SHEET
Paper No:
Form to be filled up:
Comment sheets can be annexed

The comments can be done directly
on the manuscript
B/J08093
S. Kalaiselvam, L. Marcel Xavier, G.R.
Kumaresh and N. Deepak Kumar
Author(s)
Reviewers Name & Institution

Dr. L.F. Cabeza
Escola Politcnica Superior
Universitat de Lleida
C/Jaume II, 69, Lleida, 25001
Spain
Date Review
Requested
Review to be
completed by
Recommendations
I.
Acceptable
Accept paper without changes
Accept paper. Enclosed suggestions to be sent to the author but changes not mandatory.
If the author improves the paper as suggested in enclosed comments, or submits a convincing
rebuttal, accept paper.
II
Not Acceptable
Paper is not acceptable in its present form. The author should resubmit the manuscript for a new review
after revising it as suggested in the enclosed comments.
Paper is not acceptable because of its length. The author should shorten the paper and resubmit it.
Paper is not acceptable and should be rejected. Detailed reasons enclosed.
III. Grading of Technical Quality

Excellent: of major significance.
Good: valuable technical information or method.
Average; makes a contribution; is of current interest (circle one).
Poor: of little or questionable value.
IV. Quality of Manuscript
Clearly readable.
Difficult to read; constructive suggestions are made in the text.
Illustrations (line drawings and half-tones) are:
Of good quality.
Of inadequate quality; figure numbers and pertinent comments are:
Please provide detailed comments in duplicate on a separate sheet. Print or type your name and sign both copies of
the comment sheet if you wish your identity transmitted to the author with your review. Sign only one copy of the
comment sheet if you wish to remain anonymous.
Steps for the author
39

Model description, second set of indents, indent 2
Monthly energy output of PVs and.. .. average efficiency of solar
thermal collectors.
Comment: is here taken into account the slope and azimuth of the PVs
and the set temperatures of Table three for the solar thermal
collectors. What type of storage is taken into account for the thermal
collectors ???
Yes, the slope and the azimuth of the PV panels are taken into account
in the calculations for the electricity output. Yes, the temperatures
are also used in the calculations for the solar collectors.
A 3000 l hot water tank is actually used as buffer for the solar
collectors.
no changes made in the text.
Model description, third set of indents, indent 3, subindents
kwh => kWh
changed
Results, paragraph 2, sentence 9
Comment: It is not very probable that the COPs of compression chillers
will decrease. Instead currently an increase of the COP due to better
compressors is taking place in the market.
We agree that COPs up to 4 or 5 are achievable, but one must take into
account the relatively harsh conditions in Lleida in summer months,
with daily average temperatures around 40 C. In these conditions the
COP is not the nominal, but lower due to the higher deltaT.
Comment: Larger output of PVs in summer on a southern wall??? This can
not be true (especially not at al latitude of 41).
We agree that the out from the vertical PV must be lower in summer
(see 4th column in Table 2). But we are referring to the sum of PV
outputs, both the southern wall and the horizontal PV arrays. The
electricity output of the two is higher in summer (see last column of
Table 2).
remark => show
changed
40
Print proofs
41
Article publicat
Article publicat
42

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Introduction to research

INTRODUCTION Academic journal

An academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which

Citation is the process of acknowledging or citing the

INTRODUCTION Citation index

A citation index is an index of citations between

INTRODUCTION Science Citation Index

Science Citation Index (SCI) is a citation index originally

INTRODUCTION Journal citation reports

Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is an annual publication by

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

The impact factor, often abbreviated IF, is a measure of the

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

Some related values, also calculated and published by the

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

The impact factor of a journal is calculated based on a twoyear period

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

A convenient way of thinking about it is that a journal that is

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

The table shows the top 10 journals by ISI Impact Factor,

INTRODUCTION Impact factor

The h-index is an index that quantifies both the actual

The index was suggested by Jorge E. Hirsch, a physicist at

The index is based on the distribution of citations received

In other words, a scholar with an

Thus, the h-index reflects both the number of publications

Scopus is a database of abstracts and citations for scholarly

Scopus also offers author profiles which cover affiliations,

INTRODUCTION Web of Science

Web of Science is an online academic service provided by

Science Citation Index (SCI)

Its databases cover almost 10,000 leading journals of

INTRODUCTION Google Scholar

Google Scholar is a freely-accessible Web search engine

ISI web of knowledge - Journal citation reports:

ISI web of knowledge Current contents:

ISI web of knowledge Web of science:

HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER

Selection of the adequate journal

Selection of the adequate journal

Depending on what we want to publish we look for the most

Read and follow the Guide for authors

Selection of the adequate journal

Guide for authors

Guide for authors

Title: selection of adequate wording and style

How many authors should be in a paper?

Are collaborative publications important?

It must contain everything said in a paper

It must contain (in one or more chapters):

It must allow to any person wanting to, to repeat all the

Results and discussion

It can be one or two chapters

Results and discussion

Results and discussion