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Module 2 2012

This document provides an overview of offshore field development for oil and gas. It discusses various infrastructure required such as platforms, pipelines, and processing facilities. Key considerations for field development include water depth, location, production methods using platforms like jackets, wellhead platforms, or FPSOs, and transport of hydrocarbons to shore via pipelines, shuttle tankers, or floating storage and offloading units. The document also covers natural gas processing and liquefaction into LNG, as well as byproducts like LPG.

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caothucodon322
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55 views

Module 2 2012

This document provides an overview of offshore field development for oil and gas. It discusses various infrastructure required such as platforms, pipelines, and processing facilities. Key considerations for field development include water depth, location, production methods using platforms like jackets, wellhead platforms, or FPSOs, and transport of hydrocarbons to shore via pipelines, shuttle tankers, or floating storage and offloading units. The document also covers natural gas processing and liquefaction into LNG, as well as byproducts like LPG.

Uploaded by

caothucodon322
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2

Offshore Field Development

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

1. Crude Oil
Crude oil is a very complex mixture of compounds composed of
(mainly) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
Of these elements, carbon and hydrogen are by far the major
components. Linked together with inter-atom bonds, these CH
compounds form a dazzling variety of different kinds of molecules of
many different shapes and sizes. Liquids, solids and gas.
Collectively, these carbon-hydrogen compounds are referred to as
"hydrocarbons."

First stage Processing: (Stabilisation)


1. Water separation
2. Associated Gas and solids seperation
3. Desalination (take salt out)
Done at about 20 bars and 50 degree Celsius

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

2. Natural Gas
Natural Gas: Mainly consisting of Methane (CH4).
By-product of Oil production in Vietnam.

Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo


extensive processing to remove almost all materials other than
methane.
The by-products of that processing include ethane, propane,
butanes, pentanes and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons,
elemental sulfur, and sometimes helium and nitrogen
Unit of measure:
Nm3 (1 bar and 25 degrees Celsius)
Vietnam: 6.8 billion Nm3 per year
CNG = Compressed Natural Gas (still in gaseous state)

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

3. Field Development
Assumptions resulting from Exploration (Module 1):
1.
2.
3.

We know where the reservoir is located and how deep;


We know how much Oil and/or Gas is in the reservoir;
It is economically feasible to produce the reservoir.

Field development:
What infrastructure do we need to install to bring the crude O&G to the market or
shore in the most economical way?

Main driver for the costs?


CAPEX = Capital Expenses (what does it cost to put the equipment there)
OPEX = Operational Expenses (what does it costs yearly to maintain it)

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

MONTARA Field, Australia

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

4. FEED
FEED: Front End Engineering & Design = A study used to analyze the various
technical options for new developments with the objective to define the facilities
required.
Answers the following questions:
- Method of production;
- Location of Platform/Floating equipment;
- Location Wells;
- Dimension pipelines;
- Capacity and location of processing;
- Budget costs;
- Scenarios.

Pre-FEED = Conceptual design

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

5. Water Depth
- Sub sea Well head or Well head
platform?
- Installation and Drilling costs?

Cuu Long Basin


= 40-60 m
Nam Con Son Basin = 40-110 m
Song Hong Basin
= 30-55 m

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

6. Location
- How far from the shore?
- How far from the closest
Processing facility?
- How far from the closest
pipe line to shore?
- Is it economical to use the
stranded gas?

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

7. Platforms (Jacket, Module)

Top side , Module or Deck


Jacket

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

8. Well Head Platform (WHP)

Equipment on WHP:
- Well head;
- Pumps, compressors;
- Generators;
- Valves;
- Filters

Manned or unmanned
Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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9. Central Processing Platform (CPP)

Where the production of all wells in a


field comes together to be processed
for transport by pipeline or tanker.

Mostly Manned

Equipment on CPP:
- Stabilization; (see Crude oil)
- Separators;
- Pumps, compressors;
- Generators;
- Valves;
- Filters

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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10. SLM
SLM = Single Lift Module
Equipment on SLM:
- Pumps, compressors;
- Generators;
- Engines;
- Valves;
- Filters.

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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11. Monopod
Mono Pod = Offshore structure founded on one single support
Shallow water
Advantage?

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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12. Tripod
Tripod = Offshore structure founded on three piled legs
Shallow water, low weight of topside
Advantage?

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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13. Flare
Flare = A structure on a platform to burn off stranded gas
Use restricted due to green house gas
emission.

Flare boom

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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14. FPSO
FPSO = Floating Production, Storage and Offloading
Topsides
When is it
used?
Turret
Hull

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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15. FSO
FSO = Floating, Storage and Offloading
When is it used?

Hull

Turret

Rang Dong FSO, 350 km South of Vungtau

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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16. Turret
A loading point that allows rotation of the FPSO/FSO
Swivel stack

1. Internal turret
2. External turret

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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17. Pipelines
Pipe line = A structure installation to transport oil or gas from one
location to another location

Export Pipe line


Trunk line = approx. 16 until 48
Infield pipe line = 6 until 18
Flow line = short distance

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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18. Riser
Riser = A pipe or hose to bring the flow of oil or gas to the surface
Flexible riser

Mid Water
Arch

Riser base

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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19. Single Point Mooring


SPM or CALM Buoy
When is it used?

CALM = Catenary Anchored


Leg Mooring

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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20. LNG
LNG is Liquefied Natural Gas. It is a clear, odorless,
non-toxic and non-corrosive liquid. It is natural gas
cooled to a very low temperature (roughly - 160 C).
In its liquid state, natural gas occupies 600 times
less volume than non-liquefied natural gas.

LNG = Liquefied Natural Gas

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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21. LNG Train


A plant to liquefy produced LNG

Processes:
- Receive Natural Gas by
pipeline
- Condensate removal
- CO2 removal
- Mercury and H2S removal
- Refrigeration to -160 C

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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22. Terminal
A facility on the shore to receive and process gas or Oil

Processes:
- Offloading
- Processing
- Storage
- Re-gasification

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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23. FSRU
FSRU = Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit

Processes:
- Receiving LNG
- Heating
- Re-gasify
- Offloading to Gas grid

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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24. LPG
LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas

By product of Oil refining:


60 % Propane [C3H8]
40 % Butane [C4H10]
Heavier than Air

Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

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