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Modulation

Space-division multiplexing (SDM) allows multiple messages to be transmitted simultaneously by using parallel channels created through directional antennas. It maximizes the reuse of both time and frequency resources by transmitting information along parallel channels created through spatial separation. SDM operates by transmitting different signals through different antennas to different spatial locations rather than dividing time or frequency. This allows both time and frequency to be reused for transmitting multiple messages over the same medium.

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Junjun Bedrijo
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24 views

Modulation

Space-division multiplexing (SDM) allows multiple messages to be transmitted simultaneously by using parallel channels created through directional antennas. It maximizes the reuse of both time and frequency resources by transmitting information along parallel channels created through spatial separation. SDM operates by transmitting different signals through different antennas to different spatial locations rather than dividing time or frequency. This allows both time and frequency to be reused for transmitting multiple messages over the same medium.

Uploaded by

Junjun Bedrijo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modulation

the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal,
with a modulating signal that typically contains information to be transmitted.
Digitization
Digitization is the process of converting information into a digital format . In this
format, information is organized into discrete units of data (called bit s) that can be
separately addressed (usually in multiple-bit groups called byte s). This is
the binary data that computers and many devices with computing capacity (such
as digital camera s and digital hearing aid s) can process.
A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data
stream or signal.[1][2][3] Codec is a portmanteau of coder-decoder or, less commonly,compressordecompressor.
A codec encodes a data stream or signal for transmission, storage or encryption, or decodes it for
playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming mediaand video
editing applications. A video camera's analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts its analog signals
into digital signals, which are then passed through a video compressor for digital transmission or
storage. A receiving device then runs the signal through a video decompressor, then a digital-toanalog converter (DAC) for analog display
The sampling frequency or sampling rate, fs, is the average number of samples obtained in one
second (samples per second), thus fs = 1/T.

Definition - What does Synchronization mean?


Synchronization, in the context of .NET, is a process that involves coordinating the execution of
multiple threads to ensure a desired outcome without corrupting the shared data and preventing any
occurrence of deadlocks and race conditions.
Synchronization also occurs between network nodes to ensure that data streams are received and
transmitted correctly, and to prevent data collision. It usually uses a clock signal transmitted in
sequence with a data stream to maintain proper signal timing.
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is
the standard form of digital audio in computers, Compact Discs, digital telephony and other digital
audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at
uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.

1.

In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing(sometimes


contracted to muxing) is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital
data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share
an expensive resource.

This page is all about Space-Division Multiplexing (SDM).

What is SDM: When we want to transmit multiple messages, the goal is maximum reuse of
the given resources: time and frequency. Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), operates by dividing
the time up into time slices, so that the available time can be reused. Frequency-Division
Multiplexing (FDM), operates by dividing up the frequency into transmission bands, so that the
frequency spectrum can be reused. However, if we remember our work with directional
antennas, we can actually reuse both time and frequency, by transmitting our information along
parallel channels. This is known as Space-Division Multiplexing.

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