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A d O ptions
A ds by P lus-H D-V 1.4
Java Basic Operators
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Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide all the Java operators into
the following groups:
Arithmetic Operators
Java Basics
Relational Operators
Java - Home
Bitwise Operators
Java - Overview
Logical Operators
Java - Environment Setup
Assignment Operators
Java - Basic Syntax
Misc Operators
Java - Object & Classes
The Arithmetic Operators:
Java - Basic Datatypes
Java - Variable Types
Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in
algebra. The following table lists the arithmetic operators:
Java - Modifier Types
Java - Basic Operators
Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
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Operator Description
Example
Java - Numbers
Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator
A + B will give 30
Java - Characters
Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand
A - B will give -10
Java - Strings
Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of the operator
A * B will give 200
Java - Arrays
Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand
B / A will give 2
Java - Date & Time
Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and
returns remainder
B % A will give 0
++
Increment - Increases the value of operand by 1
B++ gives 21
--
Decrement - Decreases the value of operand by 1
B-- gives 19
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Java - Abstraction
The Relational Operators:
There are following relational operators supported by Java language
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
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Operator Description
==
(A == B) is not
true.
!=
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are
not equal then condition becomes true.
(A != B) is true.
>
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right
ADS BY becomes
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operand, if yes then condition
true.
(A > B) is not true.
<
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A < B) is true.
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A >= B) is not
true.
<=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value
of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A <= B) is true.
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The Bitwise Operators:
Java defines several bitwise operators, which can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char,
and byte.
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Assume if a = 60; and b = 13; now in
binary format they will be as follows:
a = 0011 1100
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Example
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then
condition becomes true.
b = 0000 1101
----------------a&b = 0000 1100
a|b = 0011 1101
Java - Examples
a^b = 0011 0001
~a = 1100 0011
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The following table lists the bitwise operators:
Assume integer variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13 then:
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Operator Description
A d O ptions
Example
&
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both
operands.
(A & B) will give 12
which is 0000
1100
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
(A | B) will give 61
which is 0011
1101
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not
both.
(A ^ B) will give 49
which is 0011
0001
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of
'flipping' bits.
(~A ) will give -61
which is 1100
0011 in 2's
complement form
due to a signed
binary number.
<<
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by
the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A << 2 will give
240 which is 1111
0000
>>
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by
the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A >> 2 will give 15
which is 1111
>>>
Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by
the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values
are filled up with zeros.
A >>>2 will give 15
which is 0000
1111
The Logical Operators:
The following table lists the logical operators:
Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds false, then:
Show Examples
Operator Description
Example
&&
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then
the condition becomes true.
(A && B) is false.
||
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero,
then the condition becomes true.
(A || B) is true.
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its
operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make
false.
!(A && B) is true.
The Assignment Operators:
There are following assignment operators supported by Java language:
Show Examples
Operator Description
Example
Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side
operands to left side operand
C = A + B will
assign value of A
+ B into C
+=
Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left
operand and assign the result to left operand
C += A is
equivalent to C =
C+A
-=
Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from
the left operand and assign the result to left operand
C -= A is
equivalent to C =
C-A
*=
Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with
the left operand and assign the result to left operand
C *= A is
equivalent to C =
C*A
/=
C /= A is
Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right equivalent to C =
operand and assign the result to left operand
C/A
%=
Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two
operands and assign the result to left operand
C %= A is
equivalent to C =
C%A
<<=
Left shift AND assignment operator
C <<= 2 is same
as C = C << 2
>>=
Right shift AND assignment operator
C >>= 2 is same
as C = C >> 2
C &= 2 is same
&=
Bitwise AND assignment operator
as C = C & 2
^=
bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator
C ^= 2 is same as
C =C ^2
|=
bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator
C |= 2 is same as
C=C|2
Misc Operators
There are few other operators supported by Java Language.
Conditional Operator ( ? : ):
Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands
and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The goal of the operator is to decide which value should
be assigned to the variable. The operator is written as:
variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false
Following is the example:
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]){
int a , b;
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
}
}
This would produce the following result:
Value of b is : 30
Value of b is : 20
instanceof Operator:
This operator is used only for object reference variables. The operator checks whether the object is of a
particular type(class type or interface type). instanceof operator is wriiten as:
( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)
If the object referred by the variable on the left side of the operator passes the IS-A check for the
class/interface type on the right side, then the result will be true. Following is the example:
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]){
String name = "James";
// following will return true since name is type of String
boolean result = name instanceof String;
System.out.println( result );
}
}
This would produce the following result:
true
This operator will still return true if the object being compared is the assignment compatible with the
type on the right. Following is one more example:
class Vehicle {}
public class Car extends Vehicle {
public static void main(String args[]){
Vehicle a = new Car();
boolean result = a instanceof Car;
System.out.println( result );
}
}
This would produce the following result:
true
Precedence of Java Operators:
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an
expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the
multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator:
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence
than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest
appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
A ds by P lus-H D-V 1.4
A d O ptions
Category
Operator
Associativity
Postfix
() [] . (dot operator)
Left to right
Unary
++ - - ! ~
Right to left
Multiplicative
*/%
Left to right
Additive
+-
Left to right
Shift
>> >>> <<
Left to right
Relational
> >= < <=
Left to right
Equality
== !=
Left to right
Bitwise AND
&
Left to right
Bitwise XOR
Left to right
Bitwise OR
Left to right
Logical AND
&&
Left to right
Logical OR
||
Left to right
Conditional
?:
Right to left
Assignment
= += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |=
Right to left
Comma
Left to right
What is Next?
Next chapter would explain about loop control in Java programming. The chapter will describe various
types of loops and how these loops can be used in Java program development and for what purposes
they are being used.
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