Musical Signal Processing with LabVIEW

Programming Techniques for Audio Signal

Processing

By:
Ed Doering

Musical Signal Processing with LabVIEW

Programming Techniques for Audio Signal
Processing

By:
Ed Doering

Online:
< http://cnx.org/content/col10440/1.1/ >

CONNEXIONS
Rice University, Houston, Texas

This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by Ed Doering. It is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).
Collection structure revised: July 18, 2007
PDF generated: February 3, 2011
For copyright and attribution information for the modules contained in this collection, see p. 32.

Table of Contents
1 Programming Tutorials
2 Getting Started with LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Editing Tips for LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Essential Programming Structures in LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 Create a SubVI in LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6 Arrays in LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7 Audio Input and Output
8 Audio Output Using LabVIEW's "Play Waveform" Express VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9 Audio Sources in LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10 Reading and Writing Audio Files in LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11 Real-Time Audio Output in LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Attributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

iv

Chapter 1

Programming Tutorials

CHAPTER 1. PROGRAMMING TUTORIALS

Chapter 2

Getting Started with LabVIEW

2.1 Overview
LabVIEW for audio and signal processing applications! This module
screencast videos, meaning that the videos were captured directly from my computer screen.

Welcome to the exciting world of

contains ve

As I operate the LabVIEW software, I explain each step and discuss what is going on. After you watch each
of the videos, you will possess a good idea of some fundamental LabVIEW concepts, including:

Front panel and block diagram programming paradigm

Dataow paradigm
Data types
Broken wires
Debugging techniques

2.2 A Bit of History

In 1986 National Instruments Corporation released the rst version of LabVIEW (

Instrument Engineering Workbench),

Laboratory Virtual

which was designed to help engineers use a computer (the Apple

Macintosh) to control and gather data from electronic instrumentation (voltmeters, oscilloscopes, and the
like) all interconnected by the standard General Purpose Instrumentation Bus, or GP-IB. From its incep-

graphical in nature. Instead of writing a text le and compiling it to an

controls, indicators, nodes and subVIs together with
blockdiagram. The controls and indicators reside on the front panel,

tion, LabVIEW programming was

executable, you connect various elements such as

wires,

and in this way create a

which looks just a traditional electronic instrument, i.e., it can have knobs, sliders, buttons, and display
panels. The complete application is called a

virtual instrument, or VI for short.

LabVIEW has since evolved into a complete programming environment; anything that you can imagine
can probably be implemented in LabVIEW. Recent versions of LabVIEW have added a full suite of tools for
doing signal processing, and since soundcard operations are provided, it becomes natural to develop audio
signal processing applications in LabVIEW.
LabVIEW's interactive front panel oers a unique opportunity to explore signal processing concepts in
real time.

As you work your way through other modules in this series, you will learn how to implement

your own applications whose user interface consists of knobs, sliders and switches that can adjust processing
parameters

1 This

while you listen to the results.

content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14764/1.4/>.

CHAPTER 2. GETTING STARTED WITH LABVIEW

2.3 Your First Virtual Instrument (VI)

Watch the following screencast video to learn how to connect front panel
You will also learn how to use the

While Loop

controls and indicators together.

structure to make your VI operate continuously until you

press a STOP button on the front panel.

Figure 2.1:

[video] Creating your rst "VI" (Virtual Instrument)

2.4 The Dataow Concept

The notion of LabVIEW's

dataow programming paradigm must be grasped immediately in order for you

to make forward progress learning about LabVIEW to create your own applications. Dataow programming
means that valid data must be present at

all

of the input

terminals

on a node (or subVI) before that

node (or subVI) will produce valid data on its output terminals. Moreover, the node (or subVI) does

not

continually process its inputs data unless it is embedded in some sort of looping structure.
Click on the following animation of the dataow concept to watch a screencast video that explains and
further explores the dataow programming concept.

Figure 2.2:

[video] Understanding the LabVIEW "dataow" paradigm

2.5 Data Types

LabVIEW supports a broad range of

data types, including numeric, Boolean, and string.

The following

screencast video will acquaint you with the oating point and integer styles of numeric data type, as well
as the Boolean data type.

The screencast explains the signicance of the

coercion indicator  the red

data type

dot that ags a mismatch on data types applied to the input of a node or subVI  as well as

conversion nodes that you can use to intentionally convert a value from one data type to another.

Figure 2.3:

[video] Datatypes: Numeric and Boolean

2.6 Broken Wires

Broken wires indicate an error that must be corrected before your VI will run.

Broken wires result from a

number of causes, and it is important to understand why the wire is broken and how to correct the situation.
The following screencast describes broken wires in detail.

Figure 2.4:

[video] Understanding and correcting broken wires

2.7 Debugging Techniques

As you begin learning LabVIEW so that you can develop your own VIs, you will nd the debugging techniques described by the next screencast video helpful.

Topics include adding additional indicators, using

Highlight Execution feature, using the Retain Wire Values feature, single-stepping, viewing wire
values using probes, and creating breakpoints to pause execution when new data is available on a wire.
the

Figure 2.5:

[video] Basic debugging techniques

2.8 For Further Study

If you are new to LabVIEW, I recommend the excellent text by Robert H. Bishop,

VIEW 8 (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007, ISBN 0-13-239025-6).

Learning with Lab-

With this text you can learn basic LabVIEW

programming techniques and get a better idea of everything that LabVIEW has to oer.
Once you have developed some skill with LabVIEW, consider Peter A. Blume's text,

Style Book (Prentice Hall 2007, ISBN 0-13-145835-3).

The LabVIEW

This text covers a wide variety of techniques that will

help you to develop robust and well-designed LabVIEW applications.

Don't forget to check out the on-line documentation that is part of your LabVIEW product installation.

2 website, including their Academic3 page and the NI Developer Zone4 .

Visit the National Instruments

2 http://www.ni.com/
3 http://www.ni.com/academic/
4 http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/main

CHAPTER 2. GETTING STARTED WITH LABVIEW

Chapter 3

Editing Tips for LabVIEW

3.1 Overview
LabVIEW oers an extensive range of techniques to create and edit block diagrams and front panels. This
screencast video reviews some of the commonly-used editing techniques, including:

adding comments and documentation with

placing front panel terminals as

icons

text labels

replacing front panel controls and indicators with alternate forms

creating controls, constants, and indicators directly at the terminal (using context menu)
cleaning up wire routing (Clean Up Wire context menu)
moving objects using arrow keys (ne positioning) and Shift+arrow keys (larger steps)
aligning multiple objects
replacing nodes and subVIs with similar forms
removing all broken wires (Ctrl+B)
distributing objects
converting front panel controls into constants
obtaining help: Context Help and detailed help page
adding decorations (arrows, lines, text labels)
viewing the Navigation Window
replicating existing structures

Figure 3.1:

1 This

[video] Editing tips for front panels and block diagrams

content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14765/1.3/>.

7

CHAPTER 3. EDITING TIPS FOR LABVIEW

Chapter 4

Essential Programming Structures in

LabVIEW
1

4.1 Overview
Signal processing applications developed in LabVIEW make frequent use of basic constructs that are common
to all high-level programming languages: for-loops, while-loops, and case structures. A
a block of code a xed number of times, a
condition is true, and a

While Loop

For Loop

repeats

repeats a block of code as long as a particular

Case Structure executes one of several blocks of code depending on some selection

criterion. After completing this module you will be able to use these three essential structures in your own
LabVIEW VIs.
You will also learn about two additional structures.

The

MathScript Node

provides a way for you

to develop a customized node whose behavior is dened using the MathScript text-based programming
language.

MathScript syntax and functions are quite similar to MATLAB, so the MathScript node can

help you to leverage any MATLAB programming experience you may have. Lastly, the

Diagram Disable

structure is useful when you need to temporarily comment out a portion of your LabVIEW code.
The following diagram highlights the structures on the Programming | Structures palette about which
you will learn in this module:

1 This

content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14766/1.6/>.

CHAPTER 4. ESSENTIAL PROGRAMMING STRUCTURES IN LABVIEW

10

Figure 4.1:

Structures on the "Programming | Structures" palette described in this module

11

4.2 For-Loop Structure

4.2.1 Basic concepts

subdiagram) for a xed

For Loop structure, including concepts such
as loop count terminal, iterator, loop tunnel, indexing, shift register, and the feedback node.
The

For Loop

structure provides a means to repeatedly run a block of code (or

number of times. The following screencast video introduces the

Figure 4.2:

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: For-Loop structure

4.2.2 Working with arrays as inputs

The

For Loop structure works eciently with arrays.

The next screencast video describes how to work with

arrays that serve as inputs to the for-loop structure. Array elements can be used individually or collectively
within the for-loop, depending on whether you have enabled

indexing on the loop tunnel.

Indexing on the

output side of the for-loop can also be used to store a value (either a scalar or an array) on each iteration of
the for-loop, thereby producing an array as output. Arrays can also be

concatenated, a standard technique

for constructing an audio signal from individual segments.

Figure 4.3:

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: For-Loop structure with arrays as input

4.3 While-Loop Structure

While Loop structure is similar to the For Loop structure with its ability to repeatedly run a
subdiagram, but the number of times is not xed in advance. Instead, the while-loop structure will execute
The

its subdiagram as long as a particular condition is true. The following screencast will show you how to use
the

While Loop structure.

Figure 4.4:

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: While-Loop structure

CHAPTER 4. ESSENTIAL PROGRAMMING STRUCTURES IN LABVIEW

12

4.4 Case Structure

The

Case Structure

provides a mechanism by which exactly one of several possible subdiagrams will be

executed, depending on the value connected to the

selector terminal.

When the selector terminal is

a Boolean type (either True or False), the case structure implements the if-else construct of text-based
languages. When the selector terminal is an integer type, the case structure implements the case or switch
construct of text-based languages.
The following screencast introduces you to the

Case Structure.

You will learn how to add and delete

subdiagrams, how to choose the default subdiagram, and how to ensure that valid outputs are generated for
all possible cases. The

Boolean and integer data types are covered in this screencast; the next screencast
string and enumerated data types, which provide a user-friendly way to

describes how to work with the

select cases from the front panel.

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Case Structure with "Boolean" and "integer" data types
at the selector terminal
Figure 4.5:

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Case Structure with "string" and "enumerated" data types
at the selector terminal

Figure 4.6:

4.5 MathScript Node

The

MathScript Node oers a convenient way to implement a programming concept that may be otherwise

dicult to implement using standard G code (i.e., creating LabVIEW block diagrams by wiring available
structures and nodes).

MATLAB.

MathScript is a text-based programming language that uses syntax very similar to

If you have prior experience with MATLAB, you can easily develop and debug a MathScript-

based script in the

MathScript interactive window, then copy the text into a MathScript node on your

block diagram. After you create input and output terminals on the MathScript node, it can be connected
to the rest of the block diagram as you would any other structure.
The following screencast video introduces you to the

MathScript Node.

The example walks you

through the process to create a specialized node that accepts a scalar N as input and produces a specialized
array as output.

13

Figure 4.7:

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: MathScript node and MathScript Interactive Window

% Create a triangle array

x = [linspace(0,1,N/2) linspace(1,0,N/2)]
The screencast in this section (just above) walks through creation of a LabVIEW VI that includes a MathS

The screencast in this section (just above) describes how to build a VI that includes a
MathScript node.
Figure 4.8:

4.6 Diagram-Disable Structure

You probably have used the software debugging technique known as commenting out a block of code; you
do this so that you can eectively remove a portion of code without actually deleting it from the le. Watch
the next screencast video to learn how to use the

Diagram Disable

structure to comment out a portion

of your LabVIEW block diagram.

Figure 4.9:

of code

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Use Diagram-Disable structure to "comment out" a section

14

CHAPTER 4. ESSENTIAL PROGRAMMING STRUCTURES IN LABVIEW

Chapter 5

Create a SubVI in LabVIEW

A

subVI

languages.

is the LabVIEW equivalent to functions, subroutines, and methods in other programming

You can easily create a subVI that can be used reused many times in other VIs; editing the

subVI one time updates its behavior for all VIs that use the subVI, which simplies program design and
maintenance. Moreover, the subVI forms the basic method by which you can create a hierarchical program.
The screencast video below details the necessary steps to convert a conventional block diagram into a
subVI by adding a

connector pane and an icon.

These two elements enable the block diagram to appear

as an element on another block diagram with a connection pattern specic to the requirements of the task
performed by the subVI. In addition, you can set the

VI Description (part of the VI Properties) of your

subVI so that hovering your cursor over your subVI reveals a helpful description of its behavior.

Figure 5.1:

1 This

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Create a subVI from a block diagram

content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14767/1.4/>.

15

16

CHAPTER 5. CREATE A SUBVI IN LABVIEW

Chapter 6

Arrays in LabVIEW

6.1 Overview
Arrays are a fundamental data type for signal processing.

LabVIEW oers a complete set of techniques

to create and manipulate arrays, and to perform mathematical and signal processing operations on arrays.
This module will acquaint you with the basic techniques for working with arrays.

6.2 Creating Arrays

The following video screencast describes how to create arrays on the front panel and on the block diagram.
The elements of an array can be edited and modied directly, a suitable technique when the array is relatively
small.

Figure 6.1:

[video] Creating arrays

6.3 Manipulating Arrays

The next video screencast explains essential array manipulations for signal processing tasks, including: determining the

dimensions

of an array, retrieving individual elements, rows, columns, or other

appending (concatenating) arrays, and

1 This

reshaping

arrays.

content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14768/1.4/>.

17

subarrays,

CHAPTER 6. ARRAYS IN LABVIEW

18

Figure 6.2:

[video] Manipulating arrays

6.4 Mathematical Operations with Arrays

Signal processing operations commonly operate on all of the array elements at once. For example, adding a
scalar constant to an array implies a loop operation in which the constant is added to each element of the
array.
The following screencast video describes several techniques for performing mathematical operations on
arrays.

Important side eects (such as what happens when two arrays of dierent lengths are added to-

gether) are discussed. The

Ramp Pattern subVI

exponential.

is also described as a method to create a time basis for

mathematical functions such as the

Figure 6.3:

[video] Performing mathematical operations with arrays

6.5 Arrays and Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets are often used as a data storage mechanism by other applications. The next screencast video
shows you how to retrieve an array from a comma-separated-values (CSV-format) spreadsheet, and how to
create your own CSV-format spreadsheet from an existing array within LabVIEW.

Figure 6.4:

[video] Retrieving arrays from a spreadsheet; saving arrays to a spreadsheet

Chapter 7

Audio Input and Output

19

20

CHAPTER 7. AUDIO INPUT AND OUTPUT

Chapter 8

Audio Output Using LabVIEW's "Play

Waveform" Express VI
1

8.1 Overview
Play
Waveform Express VI. The screencast video shows how to listen to an audio signal source (a sinusoid in this
example). The 1-D array must rst be converted to the waveform data type using the Build Waveform
A 1-D array representing an audio signal can be played directly by the computer's soundcard using the

node.

Figure 8.1:

1 This

[video] Listen to an audio signal (1-D array) on the soundcard

content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14769/1.3/>.

21

22

CHAPTER 8. AUDIO OUTPUT USING LABVIEW'S "PLAY WAVEFORM"

EXPRESS VI

Chapter 9

Audio Sources in LabVIEW

9.1 Overview
Sine Wave subVI in the Signal Processing palette is a useful way to produce a sinusoidal audio signal.
normalized
frequency. This subVI is one of several re-entrant signal generators, meaning that they have the ability
The

The screenscast video will acquaint you with the Sine Wave subVI, especially its requirement for

to pick up where they left o; that is, they can maintain continuity in their output across execution runs
and loop iterations.

Figure 9.1:

1 This

[video] Sinewave source for audio applications

content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14770/1.3/>.

23

24

CHAPTER 9. AUDIO SOURCES IN LABVIEW

Chapter 10

Reading and Writing Audio Files in

LabVIEW
1

10.1 Overview
LabVIEW oers a variety of ways to read and write audio les in WAV format.
module you will be able to use the

After completing this

Simple Read and Simple Write subVIs located in the Programming

| Graphics & Sound | Sound | Files palette to retrieve an audio signal as a 1-D array from a .wav le, and
also to save a 1-D array that represents an audio signal to a .wav le. Additional points covered include
scaling your audio signal to have a maximum absolute value of one before saving as an audio le, and how
to create a two-channel (stereo) audio le.

10.2 Retrieve an Audio Signal from a .wav File

The

Sound File Simple Read

subVI accepts a lename for an audio le in .wav format and returns a

waveform data type. You can read mono or stereo les, and also determine information such as the audio
signal's sampling frequency and its total number of samples.
The following video screencast shows how to use

Simple Read

to retrieve the audio signal as an array

data type that can be used as a signal input for your own VIs. You may want to start LabVIEW now, then
follow along to create your own version of the VI pictured below. If so, you will need the two audio les
referenced in the screencast: tone-noise.wav

Figure 10.1:

2 and left-right.wav3 .

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Retrieve an audio signal from a .wav le

1 This content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14771/1.6/>.

2 See the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m14771/latest/tone-noise.wav>
3 See the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m14771/latest/left-right.wav>

25

CHAPTER 10. READING AND WRITING AUDIO FILES IN LABVIEW

26

10.3 Save an Audio Signal to a .wav File

The

Sound File Simple Write

subVI accepts a signal in waveform data type and a lename and stores

the signal as a .wav le. You can set the number of bits per sample (16 is recommended for best delity).
You must ensure that your signal values lie in the range -1 to +1, otherwise other applications may not be
able to read your .wav le properly.
The next video screencast shows how to use
an audio signal to a .wav le.

Simple Write to save an existing 1-D array that represents

The screencast also covers some not-so-obvious data-type transformations

required to successfully create your .wav le.

You may want to start LabVIEW now, then follow along

to create your own version of the VI pictured below. If so, you will need the audio le referenced in the

screencast: tone-noise.wav .

Figure 10.2:

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Save an audio signal to a .wav le

10.4 Scale Your Audio Before Saving to a .wav File

As mentioned earlier, you must ensure that all of the samples in your signal lie in the range -1 to +1. It is
easy to create signals that exceed this range, especially when you add multiple signals together.
The next screencast illustrates how
maximum absolute value is always one;

Quick Scale is an easy way to scale your 1-D array such that the
Quick Scale is located in the Signal Processing | Sig Operation

palette, and should be used as the last step before converting to the waveform data type.

Figure 10.3:

le

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Scale audio signal to +/- 1 range before saving to a .wav

10.5 Create a Two-Channel (Stereo) .wav File

Creating a stereo .wav le requires that you assemble an array of waveforms, one for the left channel and
the other for the right channel. Watch the next screencast video to learn how.

4 See

the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m14771/latest/tone-noise.wav>

27

Figure 10.4:

[video] LabVIEW Techniques: Save a stereo (two-channel) audio signal to a .wav le

28

CHAPTER 10. READING AND WRITING AUDIO FILES IN LABVIEW

Chapter 11

Real-Time Audio Output in LabVIEW

11.1 Overview
The interactive front panel is a hallmark of the LabVIEW programming paradigm. In this screencast video
you will learn how to use the low-level

Sound Output

subVIs called

Congure, Write,

and

Clear

to

build a general-purpose framework that can continually produce audio output, all the while responding to
parameter changes on the front panel in real time. The example uses a sinusoidal source, but you can easily
adapt the VI for your own signal sources; the nished VI from this example is available: lvt_audio_realtime-

2 (right-click and choose "Save As")

out.vi

Figure 11.1:

[video] Real-time audio output with interactive controls

1 This content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m14772/1.5/>.

2 http://cnx.org/content/m14772/latest/lvt_audio_realtime-out.vi
29

INDEX

30

Index of Keywords and Terms

Keywords are listed by the section with that keyword (page numbers are in parentheses).

Keywords

do not necessarily appear in the text of the page. They are merely associated with that section.
apples, 1.1 (1)

Terms are referenced by the page they appear on. Ex.

A aligning, 3(7), 7

for loop, 4(9), 9, 11, 11, 11, 11

array, 6(17)

front panel, 3

array constant, 6(17)

function, 5(15)

array control, 6(17)

array dimensions, 6(17)
arrow keys, 7
audio, 8(21), 10(25)

G graphical, 3
H help page, 7
Highlight Execution, 5

audio source, 9(23)

B block, 3

icons, 3(7), 7

breakpoints, 5

index, 6(17)

Broken wires, 5, 3(7), 7

indexing, 11

Build Waveform, 8(21), 21

indexing, shift register, 11

indicators, 3, 4, 3(7), 7

C case structure, 4(9), 9, 12, 12

integer, 12

clean up wire, 3(7), 7

interactive, 11(29)

Clear, 29

iterator, 11

coercion indicator, 4
congure, 11(29), 29

LabVIEW, 2(3), 3, 3(7), 4(9), 5(15),

6(17), 8(21), 9(23), 10(25), 11(29)

connector pane, 5(15), 15

loop count terminal, 11

constants, 3(7), 7, 7

loop tunnel, 11, 11

Context Help, 3(7), 7

controls, 3, 4, 3(7), 7, 7

icon, 15
icon editor, 5(15)

Boolean, 4, 12

concatenated, 11

M MathScript, 12

CSV, 6(17)

MathScript interactive window, 12

Ctrl+B, 7

MathScript node, 4(9), 9, 12, 12

MATLAB, 12

D data type conversion, 4

moving, 3(7), 7

data types, 2(3), 4

dataow, 2(3), 4

N Navigation Window, 3(7), 7

debugging, 2(3)

nodes, 3

decorations, 3(7), 7

Normalized frequency, 8(21), 9(23), 23

diagram, 3

numeric, 4

diagram disable, 4(9), 9, 13

dimensions, 17

Play Waveform, 21
Play Waveform Express VI, 8(21)

distributing objects, 3(7)

probes, 5

exponential, 18

distributing, 7

enumerated, 12

feedback node, 11

Ex.

apples, 1

Q Quick Scale, 26, 26

R Ramp Pattern, 6(17), 18
re-entrant, 9(23), 23

INDEX
real-time audio, 11(29)

string, 4, 12

removing, 7

subarray, 6(17)

replace, 3(7)

subarrays, 17

replacing, 3(7), 7, 7

subdiagram, 11, 11

replicating, 3(7), 7

subroutine, 5(15)

reshape, 6(17)

subVI, 5(15), 15

reshaping, 17

subVIs, 3

Retain Wire Values, 5

31

terminal, 7

scaling, 10(25)

terminals, 4, 5(15)

screencast, 3

text labels, 3(7), 7

selector terminal, 12
Simple Read, 25, 25
Simple Write, 25, 26
sine wave, 9(23), 23
single-stepping, 5
sinusoid, 9(23)
Sinusoidal source, 8(21)
Sound File Simple Read, 25
Sound File Simple Write, 26
Sound Output, 11(29), 29
soundcard, 8(21)
spreadsheet, 6(17)
stereo, 10(25)

V VI, 3
VI Description, 15
VI Properties, 15
virtual instrument, 3
virtual instrument (VI), 2(3)

W WAV le, 10(25)

waveform, 21
While Loop, 4, 4(9), 9, 11, 11
wires, 3
Write, 29
write clear, 11(29)

ATTRIBUTIONS

32

Attributions
Collection:

ing

Musical Signal Processing with LabVIEW  Programming Techniques for Audio Signal Process-

Edited by: Ed Doering

URL: http://cnx.org/content/col10440/1.1/
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Getting Started with LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14764/1.4/
Pages: 3-5
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Editing Tips for LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14765/1.3/
Page: 7
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Essential Programming Structures in LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14766/1.6/
Pages: 9-13
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Create a SubVI in LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14767/1.4/
Page: 15
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Arrays in LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14768/1.4/
Pages: 17-18
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Audio Output Using LabVIEW's "Play Waveform" Express VI"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14769/1.3/
Page: 21
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

ATTRIBUTIONS
Module: "Audio Sources in LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14770/1.3/
Page: 23
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Reading and Writing Audio Files in LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14771/1.6/
Pages: 25-27
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Module: "Real-Time Audio Output in LabVIEW"
By: Ed Doering
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m14772/1.5/
Page: 29
Copyright: Ed Doering
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

33

Musical Signal Processing with LabVIEW  Programming Techniques for Audio Signal Processing
After completing this multi-media course you will be well-equipped to start creating your own audio and
signal processing applications within the LabVIEW development environment. The modules in this course
make extensive use of "screencasts"  videos captured directly from the computer screen that show the LabVIEW tool in operation, with audio narration to explain each step. The course includes a "Getting Started"
tutorial, editing tips, essential programming structures, subVIs, arrays, audio sources, audio output to the
soundcard, reading and writing audio les, and real-time audio output with interactive parameter control.
This course is part of the series "Musical Signal Processing with LabVIEW".

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