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Comma Operator:: Int A 5, B 6 Void Fun (A, B)

We know that, the comma operator has the lowest precedence than any other operator. But this is the most used operator next to semicolon. For more visit : http://comsciguide.blogspot.com/

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Ajay Kumar Chimmani
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60 views6 pages

Comma Operator:: Int A 5, B 6 Void Fun (A, B)

We know that, the comma operator has the lowest precedence than any other operator. But this is the most used operator next to semicolon. For more visit : http://comsciguide.blogspot.com/

Uploaded by

Ajay Kumar Chimmani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comma Operator :

It is a binary operator (present in between the two operands),


mainly used in two ways :
1) As a separator
2) As a operator
As a Separator :
The comma is used to separate the expressions, and as a
separator in functional calls and definitions, multiple variable
declarations, enum declarations etc, like semicolon is used to
separate the statements (i.e. terminate the statements).
int a =5 , b=6;
void fun( a , b );
As a operator :
As a operator, It evaluates its first operand and discards the
result, then it evaluates the second operand and returns the value. It
has the lowest precedence (priority) of any c operator and has the
associativity from left to right.
int j ;
j = 1, 2, 3;
j = (1, 2, 3);

For more details: http://comsciguide.blogspot.in/2015/06/comma-lowest-priority-operator.html

In first statement, assignment operator (=) has high priority as


compared to comma. So the expression becomes (j = 1), 2, 3; which
implies j =1;
In second statement, bracket has highest priority than any
other operator. So comma is executed first.
1, 2 will return 2

//

left to right associativity

2, 3 will return 3
Therefore j = 3;
Note :
Assigning more than one value or initialization of multiple
variables at a time will results in compilation errors.
Example:
int a = b = c = 1; and
int a, b , c;
int j;

int j = 1, 2, 3;

results in errors.

a = b = c = 1;

j = 1 , 2 , 3;

We know that Comma operator has the lowest precedence as


compared to other operators. But in combination of semicolon
and comma, then semicolon has lowest precedence.

For more details: http://comsciguide.blogspot.in/2015/06/comma-lowest-priority-operator.html

In expression a , b ; c , d it can be grouped as (a , b) ; (c , d).


Comma operator act as a Sequence point.
int i = 3 , j = 5;
int k;
k = i++, j--;
l = j--, i++;
In the above expressions, order of evaluation is important. Both
k, l have different values. Like if we take + operator, then
k = (i++) + (j--);
l = (j--) + (i++);
Here order of evaluation is not important. Both k, l have same
values.
Sometimes, the use of comma as separator is confused with as
operator.
void fun ( a() , b() )

// comma acts as a separator

Here we dont consider which function is called first, as comma


just act as separator and dont enforce any sequence. ( the standard
calling convention is always from right to left).
Example :
Printf( ajay , ganesh );

For more details: http://comsciguide.blogspot.in/2015/06/comma-lowest-priority-operator.html

You may thought that, the answer should be ganesh ( left to


right associativity). Before evaluating the statement, we have to
check whether comma acts as an operator or separator. Here if we
consider as an operator, ganesh has to be printed.
But the output is ajay, because it acts as separator in function
parameters. (As I mentioned above standard calling convention,
parameters are passed from right to left ). In some books, it is also
mentioned that In case of printf statement, once comma is read
then it will consider preceding things as variable or values for format
specifier.
Comma acts as an operator only in expressions.
int i = 1, j = 2;

// comma acts as a separator

int i;
i = 1, 2;

// comma acts as a operator

Comma can be used to avoid a block and associated braces, as


in :
if (x == 1)
{
y = 2;
z = 3;
cout<<y<<z;
}
For more details: http://comsciguide.blogspot.in/2015/06/comma-lowest-priority-operator.html

Using commas, the above program is also written as

if (x == 1)
y = 2, z = 3, cout<<y<<z;

For practice :
1)
int x = 10;
int y = (x++, ++x);
printf("%d", y);

2)
int x = 10, y;
y = (x++, printf("x = %d\n", x), ++x, printf("x = %d\n", x), x++);
printf ("y = %d\n", y);
printf ("x = %d\n", x);

3)
a) return a=1, b=2, c=3;
b) return (1), 2, 3;

4)
int choice = 2 ;
switch(choice)
{
case 1,2,1:
printf("\ncase 1");
break;
For more details: http://comsciguide.blogspot.in/2015/06/comma-lowest-priority-operator.html

case 1,3,2:
printf("\ncase 2");
break;
case 4,5,3:
printf("\ncase 3");
break;
}

5)
int x =1 , y =2;
if ( y > x , y < x )
printf("\n y < x ");
else
printf("\n x < y ");

For more details: http://comsciguide.blogspot.in/2015/06/comma-lowest-priority-operator.html

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