HTML Tutorial: Examples in Each Chapter

HTML Tutorial
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With HTML you can create your own Web site.

This tutorial teaches you everything about HTML.
HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it.
Examples in Each Chapter

This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples.
With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Result
My First Heading
My first paragraph.
HTML Introduction
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Next Chapter
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself
Example Explained
The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type

The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is the syntax for the latest generation HTML HTML5.
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
The purpose of the tags are to describe page content
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
<tagname>content</tagname>
HTML Elements
"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing.
But strictly speaking, an HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag,
including the tags:
HTML Element:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
HTML Documents = Web Pages
HTML documents describe web pages

HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
HTML documents are also called web pages
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox) is to read HTML documents
and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags
to interpret the content of the page:
HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>
<body>
<h1>This a Heading</h1>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Basic - 4 Examples

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Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

</body>
</html>
result
This is heading 1
This is heading 2
This is heading 3
This is heading 4
This is heading 5
This is heading 6
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
Try it yourself
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
result
This is a paragraph.
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Try it yourself
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">
This is a link</a>
</body>
</html>
result
this is a link
Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.

(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
Try it yourself
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
</body>
</html>
result
Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.
HTML Elements
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Next Chapter
HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag *
Element content
<p>
This is a paragraph
<a href="default.htm"> This is a link
<br />
End tag *
</p>
</a>
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax
An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag

An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.
HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:
The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.

The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you
forget the end tag .
Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is
the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase
HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.
HTML Attributes
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Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Attributes
HTML elements can have attributes

Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Try it yourself
!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">
This is a link</a>
</body>
</html>
result
This is a link
Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to
use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute
values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.
HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:
Complete HTML Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:
Attribute
class
id
style
Value
classname
id
style_definition
title
tooltip_text
Description
Specifies a classname for an element
Specifies a unique id for an element
Specifies an inline style for an element
Specifies extra information about an element (displayed
as a tool tip)
For more information about standard attributes:

HTML Standard Attributes Reference
HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

</body>
</html>
result
This is heading 1
This is heading 2
This is heading 3
This is heading 4
This is heading 5
This is heading 6
Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.
Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the
document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important
H3 headings, and so on.
HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.
The hr element can be used to separate content:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
</body>
</html>The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable.
Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:
Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>


<p>This is a regular paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
result
This is a regular paragraph
Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.
HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source"
(Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of
the page.
Examples From This Page
HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.
Tag
Description
<html>
Defines an HTML document
<body>
Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
<hr />
Defines a horizontal line
<!-->
Defines a comment
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
Try it yourself
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
result
Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.
Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
Example
<p>This is another paragraph
Try it yourself
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.
<p>Don't forget to close your HTML tags!</p>
</body>
</html>
Don't forget to close your HTML tags!
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can
produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:
Example
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
Try it yourself
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
</body>
</html>
result
This is
a para
graph with line breaks
he <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
<br> or <br />

In XHTML, XML, elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead works better in XHTML and XML
applications.
HTML Output - Useful Tips

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows
will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML
code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of
lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.
Try it yourself
(The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
My Bonnie lies over the sea.
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

</p>
<p>Note that your browser ignores the layout!</p>
</body>
</html>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean. My Bonnie lies over the sea. My Bonnie lies over the ocean. Oh,
bring back my Bonnie to me.
Note that your browser ignores the layout!

HTML Tutorial: Examples in Each Chapter

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HTML Tutorial

With HTML you can create your own Web site.

Examples in Each Chapter

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

HTML Documents = Web Pages

HTML documents describe web pages

HTML Page Structure

Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.

<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag

Most HTML elements can have attributes

Nested HTML Elements

HTML Document Example

HTML Example Explained

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.

Don't Forget the End Tag

Empty HTML Elements

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML elements can have attributes

Always Quote Attribute Values

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

HTML Attributes Reference

For more information about standard attributes:

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

Headings Are Important

</html>The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Examples From This Page

HTML Tag Reference

Don't Forget the End Tag

<p>Don't forget to close your HTML tags!</p>

HTML Line Breaks

<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

he <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<br> or <br />

HTML Output - Useful Tips

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

<p>Note that your browser ignores the layout!</p>

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