Network Monitoring and Management

Network Documentation & Netdot

These materials are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) as part of the ICANN, ISOC and NSRC Registry Operations Curriculum.

Attribution
Based on materials from several
presentations authored by:
Carlos Vicente
University of Oregon Network Services
Principal author of Netdot
Hervey Allen
Network Startup Resource Center
Dale Smith
University of Oregon Network Services

Documentation
Have you ever asked, How do you keep
track of it all?
Document,
document,
document

Documentation
Basics, such as documenting your switches...

What is each port connected to?

Can be simple text file with one line for every port in a
switch:
health-switch1, port 1, Room 29 Directors office
health-switch1, port 2, Room 43 Receptionist
health-switch1, port 3, Room 100 Classroom
health-switch1, port 4, Room 105 Professors Office
..
health-switch1, port 25, uplink to health-backbone

This information might be available to your network staff,

help desk staff, via a wiki, software interface, etc.

Remember to label your ports!

Documentation
Maybe this process should be automatic.
Tools to help automate network
documenation are something to consider.
You can write local scripts (programs) to do
this.
Consider among several automated
documenation systems for networks.
Youll probably end up using and doing both.

Documentation: Labeling
Nice

Problems with documentation

In most cases:
Lack of clear procedures and methods
Dispersion
Lack of structure
Lack of correlation
Lack of tools or, too many tools
Lack of time and human resources

Requirements for a tool

Open standards based

Generic and flexible
That uses a relational database
Automates tasks
Exports configurations
Web and command-line interfaces (CLI)
Authentication and authorization
Reports
Open source code
Application programming interface (API)

Netdot:
Started in 2002. Required by the University of
Oregon Network Services and NERO
(http://www.nero.net)
Nothing equivalent available as Open Source
Started as something much simpler
Quickly it became apparent that centralizing and
correlating information was critical:
Topology
Cable plant
IP and Mac addresses
DNS, DHCP, etc.

Netdot: Design goals

Utilize components (dont reinvent the wheel)
There are Open Source packages that help to resolve
many Network Management problems.

Independent of the RDBMS using abstraction

(http://www.masonhq.com)
MySQL, Postgres, etc.

Use of Object Relations Mapper tools (ORM)

Minimize the number of programming languages.
Perl and Javascript

Low impact graphical interface.

Include functionality of other network documenation

tools such as IPplan and Netdisco.
Core functionality includes:
Discovery of network interfaces via SNMP
Layer 2 topology discovery and graphics using:
- CDP/LLDP
- Spanning Tree protocol
- Switches forwarding tables
- Router point-to-point subnets

IPv4 and IPv6 address management (IPAM)

- Address space visualization
- DNS and DHCP configuration managment
- IP and Mac address correlation

Functionality cont.
Cable plants (sites, fibre, copper, closes, circuits)
Contacts (departments, providers, vendors, etc.)
Export of data for various tools (Nagios, Sysmon,
RANCID, Cacti, etc.)
- For example, automate Cacti configuration
- I.E., how to automate node creation in Cacti

User access-level: admin, operator, user

Ability to draw pretty pictures of your network.

Netdot components
SNMP::Info
http://snmp-info.sourceforge.net/

HTML::Mason
http://www.masonhq.com/

Class::DBI
http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Class-DBI/lib/Class/DBI.pm

Apache2::SiteControl
http://search.cpan.org/~awkay/Apache2-SiteControl-1.03/lib/Apache2/SiteControl.pm

NetAddr::IP
http://search.cpan.org/dist/NetAddr-IP/IP.pm

DBI
http://dbi.perl.org/
http://search.cpan.org/~timb/DBI/DBI.pm

MySQL
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/

Netdot: NETwork DOcumentation Tool

Network devices
Can be added via SNMP (preferred) or manually
Automatic updates via SNMP
Manufacturer, model, software version, name and
domain, dates
Maintenance contracts, out of band access, SNMP
version and community
Interfaces, VLANs, IP addresses, BGP peers
ARP tables (routers), redirection tables (switches)

Topology
Images, comments, change history

Topology
Netdot uses all possible sources of
topological information:

CDP and LLDP protocols

Analyze redirection tables
Spanning Tree protocol
Point-to-point networks

Topology example
Netdot can draw the
topology of a network or
a segment of a network
dynamically.

IP Space: Addresses and Blocks

Hierarchical (drill-down) and graphical representation
Support for IPv4 and IPv6
Classification in:
Block
Container
Subnet
Reserved

Address
Static
Dynamic
Reserved

Visualization of IP space

IP Space: Blocks and Addresses

Subnets are discovered from router interfaces
From ARP tables we can know:
Addresses in use in each subnet
Mapping of IP to MAC

Information added for blocks (or subnets)

Group that uses the block

Group that administers the block
Percent utilization of addresses (subnet)
Percent utilization of sub-divisions (containers)

Information added for addresses

First and and last time seen
interface and device
Services to monitor with Nagios (HTTP, DNS, SSH, DHCP, Radius, LDAP, etc.)

Cabling
Inter-building cabling (backbone)
Buildings and closets where cabling starts and
stops.
Type of fiber, length, quantity of fibers

Fibers
Interconnections (splicing) and sequences
Measurements, tests, interfaces, circuits
Status

Cabling
Intra-building cabling (interior cabling)
Closet where it begins
Level
Building

Interface (port) where it is connected

Outlet where it terminates (id)
Office number or room
Level
Building

Cabling: Closets
Physical data
Dimensions, number and types of panels, type
of ventilation, number of copper pairs, number
of racks, etc.

Cabling that terminates in the closet

Fiber and twisted pair

Photos

Closet photos

Entities

Branch
Customer
Department
Manufacturer
Peer (BGP)
Provider
Vendor

Contacts
Based in individuals and roles (Person & Contact)
Information by individual
Contact data
Locations, position, telephone, e-mail, beeper

Roles
Administrative contact, technical, etc.
Notification schedule and levels

Contact lists
Assigned to different resources
Devices, subnets, cabling, etc.

Reports
Devices
By category and by product
Out-of-date firmware
Duplex mismatches

Most used MAC codes (Manufacturers)

From the database
SQL table utilization reports

Inventory and Devices

Configuration exports
The information contained within Netdot enables the automatic
generation of configurations for software packages.
Monitoring devices and servces
-Nagios, Sysmon

Monitoring configurations
-RANCID

Traffic analysis
-Cacti

Services
-DNS (Bind)
-DHCP

Exporting configurations
Recommendation:
Netdot updates Subversion or CVS
Puppet (replaces Cfengine) distributes
configurations, restarts services, etc.

Other automated systems

There are several. Each one does something different:
Open Source
IPplan:
http://iptrack.sourceforge.net/
Netdisco
http://netdisco.org/
RackTables
http://racktables.org/

Commercial
HP OpenView
IBM Tivoli and Netcool
SolarWindows

.
From the IPplan web page:
IPplan is a free (GPL), web based, multilingual, TCP IP address management
(IPAM) software and tracking tool written in php 4, simplifying the
administration of your IP address space. IPplan goes beyond TCPIP address
management including DNS administration, configuration file management,
circuit management (customizable via templates) and storing of hardware
information (customizable via templates).

Lots of screenshots:
http://iptrack.sourceforge.net/doku.php?id=screenshots

Netdisco:
Project launched 2003. Version 1.0
released October 2009.
Some popular uses of Netdisco:
Locate a machine on the network by MAC or IP and
show the switch port it lives at.
Turn Off a switch port while leaving an audit trail.
Admins log why a port was shut down.
Inventory your network hardware by model, vendor,
switch-card, firmware and operating system.
Report on IP address and switch port usage: historical
and current.
Pretty pictures of your network.

.
Web site:
http://racktables.org/
From the RackTables web site
Racktables is a nifty and robust solution for datacenter and server room
asset management. It helps document hardware assets, network
addresses, space in racks, networks configuration and much much
more!
There is a demo system:
http://racktables.org/demo.php

Documentation: Diagrams

Diagramming Software
Windows
-

Visio:

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/visio/FX100487861033.aspx

Ezdraw:

http://www.edrawsoft.com/

Open Source
-

ASCII:

http://www.ascii-art.org/

Dia:

http://live.gnome.org/Dia

Cisco reference icons:

http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac50/ac47/2.html

Nagios Exchange:

http://www.nagiosexchange.org/

Netdot demo
Assuming there is time we will now give a
short demonstration of a running copy of
Netdot
Netdot can be found at:
http://netdot.uoregon.edu/