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Temperature Final

This document discusses temperature measurement and conversion between temperature scales. It introduces common temperature scales like Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. The key points are: - Temperature reflects the energy of motion in particles and is measured using thermometers calibrated to water's freezing and boiling points. - Common scales include Celsius, where water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C, and Fahrenheit, where water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F. - The Kelvin scale uses the same units as Celsius but sets its zero point at absolute zero rather than the freezing point of water.

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Akmad Manabilang
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101 views5 pages

Temperature Final

This document discusses temperature measurement and conversion between temperature scales. It introduces common temperature scales like Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. The key points are: - Temperature reflects the energy of motion in particles and is measured using thermometers calibrated to water's freezing and boiling points. - Common scales include Celsius, where water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C, and Fahrenheit, where water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F. - The Kelvin scale uses the same units as Celsius but sets its zero point at absolute zero rather than the freezing point of water.

Uploaded by

Akmad Manabilang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME : HAMNUREN A.

MANABILANG

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY
SY: 2015-2016
EXPERIMENT 1
I.

Introduction

Temperature is one of the factor considered in industry. It helps to produce more


products by controlling and maintain its state. For example, Ice to preserve the fresh
fish, to avoid it to be waste; Steam to do work; Temperature measurements in
maintenance such as the temperature of smoke stack gas from a power generating
station may be need to be monitored.

II.

Objectives

III.

To study and understand the temperature and its conversion scale.


To be able to use the thermometer as a device to measure temperature.

Concepts
Temperature
Temperature is a property of matter which reflects the quantity of energy of
motion of the component particles. There are several scales used to measure this
value (e.g., Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit and Rankine). For better understanding of
temperature see the Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3.

``

Thermometer
A

thermometer

can

use

any

of

several

methods

to

register

temperature.

A thermometer is calibrated by using two objects of known temperatures. The


typical process involves using the freezing point and the boiling point of pure
water. Water is known to freeze at 0C and to boil at 100C at an atmospheric
pressure of 1 atm. By placing a thermometer in mixture of ice water and
allowing the thermometer liquid to reach a stable height, the 0-degree mark can
be placed upon the thermometer. Similarly, by placing the thermometer in
boiling water (at 1 atm of pressure) and allowing the liquid level to reach a
stable height, the 100-degree mark can be placed upon the thermometer. With
these two markings placed upon the thermometer, 100 equally spaced divisions
can be placed between them to represent the 1-degree marks. Since there is a
linear relationship between the temperature and the height of the liquid, the
divisions between 0 degree and 100 degree can be equally spaced. With a
calibrated thermometer, accurate measurements can be made of the
temperature of any object within the temperature range for which it has been
calibrated.

The Fahrenheit temperature scale

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) invented the mercury thermometer in


1714. He also created the Fahrenheit temperature scale, a practical temperature
scale where 0F and 100F corresponded to the coldest and hottest temperatures
encountered in Western Europe. Under the Fahrenheit temperature scale, water
freezes at 32F and 212F. The Fahrenheit scale is still widely used in America,
although not in many other places.
The Celsius/Centigrade temperature scale
The centigrade temperature scale was devised by Anders Celsius in 1744.
According to the centigrade temperature scale water freezes at OC and boils at
100C. While the units were originally called degrees centrigrade, they were
renamed degrees Celsius in 1948.
The Kelvin Temperature Scale
In 1848 William Thomson devised the Kelvin temperature scale which was
derived based on thermodynamics, where 0K corresponds to absolute zero, or the
coldest temperature theoretically possible and 273.15K is the freezing point of
water. While zero has been reassigned according to the Kelvin temperature scale,
the base unit of the Kelvin temperature scale is the same as the centigrade scale.
It establishes the difference between the two scales null points as being precisely
273.15 kelvins (0 K = 273.15 C and 273.16 K = 0.01 C). In 1954, the Kelvin
temperature scale was selected as the metric unit of thermodynamic measure. In
1967, the unit of the Kelvin temperature scale was changed from degrees Kelvin
(K) to simply Kelvin (K).
The Rankine Temperature Scale
In 1859, William John Rankine devised the Rankine thermodynamic
temperature scale which, like the Kelvin scale assigned its zero value to
thermodynamic absolute zero, but used the 1F as its base unit. Temperatures in
the Rankine scale are denoted R.

Example:
1. What is the temperature in degree Fahrenheit of a 24C

Solution:

The conversion formula for F to C is


TC = 24
TF = (9/5)*(24) + 32
TF = (216/5) + 32
TF = 43.2 + 32

TF = 75.2F

2. What is the temperature in Kelvin of a 500 C object?


Solution:
The conversion formula for K to C is
TC = 500
TK = (TC) + 273.15
TK = 500 + 273.15
TK = 773.15 K

IV.

Materials
Thermometer
Ice water

V.

VI.

Hot water
2 container/beaker

Procedure
1. Put the the ice water into container and another container for hot water.
2. Use thermometer to get each temperature of the subject then note the data
in Temperature table.
3. Mix the two subject in one container then repeat procedure 2.
4. After getting the data, convert its temperature to fill in the equivalent
temperature scale.

Temperature table

SUBJECT

TEMPERAT
URE in
degree
celsius

TEMPERAT
URE in
degree
fahrenheit

TEMPERAT
URE in
degree
Kelvin

TEMPERAT
URE in
degree
Rankine

Cold water
Hot water
Mixtured
water (hot
& cold)
VII.

A. Following Problem
1. what happen to the volume inside the thermometer if the temperature of liquid
measured is hot? If the temperature of liquid measured is cold?
2. The boiling point of water on the Kelvin scale is __________.
3. 0 K is also known as __________.
4. Convert -145.0 C to K.

B. Solution and Answer

1. The temperature and volume is proportional. Thus if temperature is


hot
or increases in degree, the volume inside the thermometer
is increases. Then if temperature is cold or decreases in degree, the
volume inside the thermometer is also decreases.
2. 373.15 K
3. Absolute zero
4. The conversion formula for K to C is
TC = -145
TK = (TC) + 273.15
TK = -145.0 + 273.15
TK = 128.15 K

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