How We Get Bible PDF

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een
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How We Got the Bible

Ten Key Points
1
2
The Bible is inspired by God (2 Timothy 3:16-17; 2 Peter 1:20-21).
The Bible is made up of 66 different books that were written over 1600 years
(from approximately 1500 BC to AD 100) by more than 40 kings, prophets, leaders,
and followers of Jesus. The Old Testament has 39 books (written approximately
1500-400 BC). The New Testament has 27 books (written approximately AD 45-100).
The Hebrew Bible has the same text as the English Bibles Old Testament, but divides
and arranges it differently.
3
4
5
The Old Testament was written mainly in Hebrew, with some Aramaic. The
New Testament was written in Greek.
The books of the Bible were collected and arranged and recognized as inspired
sacred authority by councils of rabbis and councils of church leaders based on
careful guidelines.
Before the printing press was invented, the Bible was copied by hand. The
Bible was copied very accurately, in many cases by special scribes who
developed intricate methods of counting words and letters to insure that no errors
had been made.
6
7
The Bible was the first book ever printed on the printing press with moveable
type (Gutenberg Press, 1455, Latin Bible).
There is much evidence that the Bible we have today is remarkably true to the
original writings. Of the thousands of copies made by hand before 1500, more
than 5,300 Greek manuscripts from the New Testament alone still exist today. The
text of the Bible is better preserved than the writings of Plato or Aristotle.
8
9
The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls confirmed the astonishing reliability of
some of the copies of the Old Testament made over the years. Although some
spelling variations exist, no variation affects basic Bible doctrines.
As the Bible was carried to other countries, it was translated into the common
language of the people by scholars who wanted others to know Gods Word.
Today there are still 2,000 groups with no Bible in their own language.
W
o
c
p
10
By AD 200, the Bible was translated into seven languages; by 500, 13 languages;
by 900, 17 languages; by 1400, 28 languages; by 1800, 57 languages; by 1900, 537
languages; by 1980, 1,100 languages; by 2006, 2,426 languages have some portions of
the Scripture.
Source: The World Christian Encyclopedia; Wycliffe, International.
www.rose-publishing.com 2008 Rose Publishing, Inc. Bible Reference Made Easy
Permission granted to the original purchaser to print out. It is illegal to sell, email, replicate, duplicate, or post any part of this on the Internet.
More than 70 Bible reference charts and PowerPoints available. Download catalog and sign up for Rose Bible e-Charts at www. rose-publishing.com
Title: How We Got the Bible Product Code: 407X ISBN-13: 9780965508261
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T
p
in
Old Testament Written

(approx. 1500-400 BC)
papyrus
clay
ders,
stone
ides
ed
n
The oldest
New Testament
fragment
(from John 18)
that we have
today was
copied in Greek
on a papyrus
codex around
AD 110-130.
leather
Bible Copied on Papyrus

Scrolls of leather, and later of
papyrus, were used to
make copies of
the Scriptures.
A papyrus codex is a bound volume

made from sheets folded and sewn
together, sometimes with a cover. They
were used more than scrolls after
AD 1-100.
he
e
f
e
New Testament Written

(approx. AD 45-100)
Bible Printed by Printing Press

after 1455
Bible Copied on
Fine Animal Skins
Fine quality animal skins from calves

or antelope (vellum) and sheep or goats
(parchment) were used for over 1000 years
to make copies of the Bible approximately
AD 300-1400.
Two of the oldest vellum copies (AD
325-350) that exist today are the Vatican
Codex and the Sinaitic Codex.
The Bible,
Gods Word to the World
Wycliffe Bibles were inscribed by hand

on vellum in the 1300s-1400s. Some
copies took ten months to two years to
produce and cost a years wage.
s;
37
of
The Bible was the first book to be
printed with Gutenbergs printing press
in 1455.
Old
are
Heb
Ara
In E
Mo
Oth
wri
incl
and
the
scro
are
Scr
Tes
The Bible is now printed on paper in

many versions and languages. It is also
on recordings and the Internet.
Ro
dec
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cau
to e
Th
spe
ent
tas
the
(O
app
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sys
num
boo
sur
it a
fou
is b
Jew
2000 BC
Old Testament events
are written down in

Hebrew (portions in
Aramaic) over centuries.
In Exodus, the Lord tells
Moses to write in a book.
Other Old Testament
writers, inspired by God,
include leaders, kings
and prophets. Together,
these writings on leather
scrolls and other materials
are called the Hebrew
Scriptures or Old
Testament.
500 BC
Ezra, a priest and scribe,
collects and arranges

some of the books of the
Hebrew Biblethe Old
Testamentabout 450 BC,
according to Jewish
tradition.
The Septuagint is the
Greek translation of the

Hebrew Bible (the Old
Testament). It is translated
in 250-100 BC by Jewish
scholars in Alexandria,
Egypt. (The word
Septuagint means seventy,
referring to the tradition
that 70 or 72 men translated
it. It is often abbreviated
LXX, the Roman numeral
for seventy.)
200 BC
The books are arranged
by subject: historical,
poetic, and prophetic. It
includes the Apocrypha
(meaning hidden),
referring to seven books
that were included in the
Hebrew Bible until AD 90
when they were removed
by Jewish elders.
A Scribe
0
d
AD 1
Papyrus, a plant, is cut
into strips and pressed

into sheets of writing
material and can be made
into a scroll or a codex.
The New Testament
books were probably
first written on papyrus
scrolls. Later Christians
begin to copy them on
sheets of papyrus which
are bound and placed
between two pieces of
wood for covers. This
form of early book is
known as a codex.
Time of Jesus
Papyrus
4 BC-AD 33?
Jesus quotes the Old
Testament (Scriptures)
often. He says that He
did not come to destroy
the Scriptures, but to
fulfill them. He says to
his disciples, These are
the words which I spake
unto you, . . . that all
things must be fulfilled,
which were written in
the law of Moses, and in
the prophets, and in the
psalms, concerning me.
Then opened he their
understanding, that they
might understand the
scriptures. Luke 24:44-45
AD 100
AD 200
Followers of Jesus
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John,
Paul, James, Peter, and Jude
write the Gospels, history,
letters to other Christians,
and the Revelation between
AD 45 and 100. The writers
quote from all but eight of
the Old Testament books.
These writings in Greek are
copied and circulated so that
by about 150 there is wide
enough use of them to speak
of the New Testament
(New Covenant). The new
covenant God made with
people was promised in Jer.
31:31-34 and referred to by
Jesus (Lk. 22:20) and Paul
(1 Cor. 11:25) and in the
letter to the Hebrews.
Early Coptic Translation
Old Testament
Apocrypha
Evidence derived from first
century AD writers Philo
and Josephus indicates that
the Hebrew canon did not
include the Apocrypha.
Earliest Translations
200-300 Latin, Coptic
(Egypt), and Syriac (Syria).
Church Fathers
accept the writings of the

Gospels and Pauls letters as
canonical (from a Greek word
referring to the rule of faith
and truth). Origen lists 21
approved New Testament
books. Eusebius lists 22
accepted books.
AD 300
The New Testament
books are collected and
rst
hat
t
a).
s as
word
th
1
t
Saint Matthew
Lindisfarne Gospels
Approximately 900
circulated throughout
the Mediterranean about
the time of Constantine,
the Roman emperor who
legalizes Christianity in
313. By 400 the standard
of 27 New Testament
books is accepted in
the East and West as
confirmed by Athanasius,
Jerome, Augustine and
three church councils.
The 27 books of the New
Testament were formally
confirmed as canonical
by the Synod of Carthage
in 397, thus recognizing
three centuries of use by
followers of Christ.
Jerome starts translating
the Scriptures into Latin in

410 and finishes 25 years
later. This translation,
called the Latin Vulgate,
remains the basic Bible for
many centuries.
Jerome
LXX, the Roman numeral

for seventy.)
AD 600
AD 500
Roman Empire
declines. Germanic
Christianity reaches
Britain before 300, but
migrations (378-600)
cause new languages
to emerge.
The Masoretes are
A Scribe
special Jewish scribes

entrusted with the sacred
task of making copies of
the Hebrew Scriptures
(Old Testament)
approximately 500-900.
They develop a meticulous
system of counting the
number of words in each
book of the Bible to make
sure they have copied
it accurately. Any scroll
found to have an error
is buried according to
Jewish law.
o
tr
E
Anglo-Saxon pagans drive

Christian Britons into
Wales (450-600). In 596,
Augustine of Canterbury
begins evangelization
again.
Bede
Caedmon, an illiterate
monk, retells portions of

Scripture in Anglo-Saxon
(Old English) poetry and
song (676).
Aldhelm of Sherborne,
709, is said to have
translated the Psalms.
Bede, a monk and
scholar, makes an Old

English (Anglo-Saxon)
translation of portions
of Scripture. On his
deathbed in 735, he
finishes translating the
Book of John.
D
tr
N
b
L
tr
O
scriptures. Luke 24:44-45
(1
le
AD 1300
Alfred The Great, King
of Wessex (871-901)
translates portions of
Exodus, Psalms, and Acts.
Aldred, Bishop of
Durham, inserts a
translation in the
Northumbrian dialect
between the lines of the
Lindisfarne Gospels (950).
Aelfric (955-1020)
translates portions of the

Old Testament.
Normans conquer
England (1066) and

make French the official
language. No English
translation work produced
until the 1300s.
Middle English emerges,
popularized by works such

as the Canterbury Tales and
Richard Rolles Psalter (1340).
John Wycliffe
First English Bible
is translated from Latin

in 1382 and is called the
Wycliffe Bible in honor of
priest and Oxford scholar
John Wycliffe. During
his lifetime, Wycliffe had
wanted common people
to have the Bible. He
also criticized a number
of church practices and
policies. His followers,
derisively called Lollards
(meaning mumblers),
included his criticisms in
the preface to the Wycliffe
Bible. This Bible is banned
and burned. Forty years
after Wycliffes death, his
bones are exhumed and
burned for heresy.
it
tr
in
w
a
W
p
m
in
J
in
s
e
s
Cor. 11:25)
and
in the
ke
11:25)
and in
the
5 24:44-45(1 Cor.(1
the Hebrews.
letter toletter
the to
Hebrews.
Bible
books.
Eusebius
lists 22lists 22
books.
Eusebius
accepted
books.books.
accepted
AD
1500
AD
1500
In 1408,
in England,
in England,
m Latin In 1408,
it becomes
alled the it becomes
illegalillegal
to to
translate
or read
the Bible
or read
the Bible
fn honor of translate
in common
English
rd scholar in common
English
permission
During withoutwithout
permission
of of
a bishop.
cliffe had a bishop.
n people
e. He
number
ces and
lowers,
Worlds
printing
Worlds
first first
printing
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pressmoveable
with moveable
blers), metal type
metalistype
is invented
invented
ticisms in in 1455inin1455
in Germany
Germany
by by
he
Wycliffe
e
Gutenberg.
JohannJohann
Gutenberg.
ThisThis
ed is bannedinvention
invention
is perhaps
is perhaps
the the
rty years single most
single important
most important
death, his event to
event
to influence
influence
the the
med and spread spread
the Bible.
of theof
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sy.
TheGutenberg
Gutenberg Bible
The
Bible
thefirst
first book
book ever
is is
the
ever
printed.
This
Latin
printed. This Latin
Vulgateversion
version isisoften
Vulgate
often
illuminated
by
artists
illuminated by artistswho
who
hand
paint
letters
and
hand paint letters and
ornaments on
on each
ornaments
eachpage.
page.
Erasmus,
a priest
and
Erasmus,
a priest
and
Greek
scholar,
publishes
Greek
scholar,
publishes
a new
Greek
edition
and
a new Greek edition and
a more
accurate
Latin Latin
a more
accurate
translation
of theof
New
translation
the New
Testament
in
1516.
His
Testament in 1516. His
goalgoal
is that
be
is everyone
that everyone
be
ableable
to read
the
Bible,
to read the Bible,
from
the
in the in the
fromfarmer
the farmer
fieldfield
to the
at the at the
toweaver
the weaver
loom.
Erasmus
Greek Greek
loom.
Erasmus
texttext
forms
the basis
the of the
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basis
textus
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and is and
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textus
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laterlater
by Martin
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by Martin
William
Tyndale,
and theand the
William
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King
James
translators.
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translators.
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tr
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in 1522. in
Gutenberg Bible
Gutenberg
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followers of Christ.
William Tyndale,
he
ed
Erasmus
Martin Luther
translates the New

Testament into German
in 1522.
priest and Oxford scholar,

translates the New
Testament from Greek
(1525), but cannot get
approval to publish it
in England. He moves
to Germany and prints
Bibles, smuggling them
into England in sacks of
corn and flour. In 1535 he
publishes part of the Old
Testament translated from
Hebrew. In 1536, Tyndale
is strangled and burned at
the stake. His final words
are Lord, open the King
of Englands eyes.
Tyndale is called the

Father of the English
Bible because his
translation forms the
basis of the King James
Version. Much of the
style and vocabulary we
know as biblical English
is traceable to his work.
William Tyndale
t.
AD 1555
Englands Queen Mary
bans Protestant
translations of the English
Bible. John Rogers and
Thomas Cranmer are
burned at the stake.
Later some 300 men,
women and children are
also burned.
The Geneva Bible

Exiles from England flee
to Geneva, Switzerland,
and in 1560 print the
Geneva Bible, a complete
revision of the Great Bible
with the Old Testament
translated from Hebrew.
The Geneva Bible contains
theological notes from
Protestant scholars John
Calvin, Beza, Knox, and

Whittingham. It is the first
Bible to use Roman type
instead of black letter. This
is the Bible of Shakespeare
and the one carried to
America by the Pilgrims in
1620. The 1640 edition is
the first English Bible to
omit the Apocrypha.
Queen Mary
Bishops Bible
A new translation
begins under Queen
Elizabeth in 1568. It is
translated by several
bishops of the Church
of England in answer
to the Geneva Bible.
Rheims-Douai Bible
was translated into

English from the Latin
Vulgate by Catholic
scholar Gregory Martin,
while in exile in France
(New Testament in 1582/
Old Testament in 1609).
It becomes the standard
translation for the
Catholic church.
AD 1600
King James Version
or Authorized Version
King James Bible

Page from 1611 version
King James I of England

commissions 54 scholars
to undertake a new Bible
translation. Over the next
six years, six teams of
scholars using the Bishops
Bible and Tyndales Bible,
as well as available Greek
and Hebrew manuscripts,
complete the new version
in 1611. The King
James Version (also
called the Authorized
Version, even though
King James never gave
the finished version his
royal approval) is revised
several times.
(The edition used today

was revised in 1769.) It is
the most popular Bible for
more than 300 years.
O
D
B
se
k
ar
a
T
p
b
av
in
King James
(e
th
in
S
n
ADAD
1800
AD
1800
1800
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Older
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Manuscripts
ion
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ay today
used today
Discovered!
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ed
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and
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are found.
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ng James
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findings
findings
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findings
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D
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discovered
discovered
discovered
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in a cave
found
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available
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scholars
to western
scholars
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CodexCodex
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Vaticanus
The Revised
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Version
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Version
in 1629.
in 1629.
in 1629.
(earliest
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and(earliest
probably
and probably
and probably
best copy
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copy
of theknown
of the of the
CodexCodex
Sinaiticus
Codex
Sinaiticus
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The Revised
The Revised
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Version
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New Testament
New Testament
Newfrom
Testament
350
from 350
from 350
(earliest
(earliest
complete
(earliest
complete
copy
complete
ofcopy of
copy
of
(1885)(1885)
In 1870,
(1885)
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1870,
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scholars
in scholars
in
in
approx.)
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is released
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tois released
to
to
the New
theTestament,
New
theTestament,
Newcopied
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copied
copied
A Qumra
Cav
AQ
England
England
decide
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decide
to revise
decide
to revise
to revise
scholars
scholars
in 1889
scholars
inby
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the
in by
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theby the A Qumran
in 350 in
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is found
approx.)
is found
in is the
found
in King
in James
the Dead
the D
S
the
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the James
King
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to Version
to
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Vatican
Vatican
Library.
Vatican
Library.
Library.
St. Catherines
St. Catherines
St. Monastery
Catherines
Monastery
Monastery
reflectreflect
the reflect
the the
near Mt.
near
Sinai.
Mt.
nearSinai.
Mt. Sinai.
AD 1900
The Dead Sea Scrolls,
found in a cave in 1947
by a shepherd, contain
the oldest known copies
of portions of the Old
Testament. These copies
were made between
100 BC and AD 100.
A Qumran Cave near

the Dead Sea
A Scroll of Isaiah that
is part of the Dead Sea

Scrolls is the oldest
complete manuscript of any
book of the Bible (copied
around 100). The copies
of Isaiah discovered in the
Qumran caves prove to be
remarkably close to the
standard Hebrew Bible,
varying slightly in the
spelling of some names.
They give overwhelming
confirmation of the
reliability of the
Masoretic copies.
During the 1900s more

than a hundred New
Testament manuscripts are
found in Egypt.
Scroll of Isaiah
A Ugaritic Grammar
is published in the
1960s. Ugaritic is an
ancient language similar
to Hebrew and helps
scholars understand
Hebrew vocabulary
and poetry.
King James
St. Catherines Monastery

near Mt. Sinai.
reflect the
AD 1900
Modern Translations
1931
1966
1971
Modern American English.
Translation by Catholic
scholars in Jerusalem.
The New Jerusalem
Bible, 1985.
Popular paraphrase.
The knowledge from newly

discovered manuscripts
has led to hundreds of new
translations.
Smith-Goodspeed, An
American Translation
1885
The Revised Standard

Version (RSV)
The English Revised

Version
A British revision of the
King James Version.
1901
American Standard
Version (ASV)
Revision of the King
James Version in
American English.
1926
Moffatt Bible
A very popular modernlanguage version.
1952
A revision of the ASV. New

Testament revised 1971.
1958
J.B. Phillips New

Testament in Modern
English A paraphrase,
originally made for youth.
1965
The Amplified Bible

Uses word-for-word ASV
with added words to
communicate insights on
original texts.
Jerusalem Bible
1970
New English Bible

Timeless modern
English. Revised in 1989.
1970
The Living Bible

1976
Vernacular English
translation.
E
u
e
1978
New American Bible

the Catholic Church. Revised
New Testament in 1986.
Dignified, readable.
1971
New King James

Version (NKJV)
New American
Standard Bible (NASB)
Literal word-for-word
translation. Updated in 1995.
The Good News Bible

(Todays English
Version) (TEV)
New International
Version (NIV)
(NAB) Official version of
1982
Modernization of the
KJV using the same
manuscripts.
J
T
N
S
C
E
found in Egypt.
and poetry.
AD 2000
1987
1995
2002
(NCV) Puts biblical
Contemporary English.
A paraphrase from the

original languages.
New Century Version

concepts into natural terms.
1996
New Living
Translation (NLT)
1989
Jewish New
Testament
English translation
using traditional Jewish
expressions.
A revision of The Living

Bible to make it a
translation.
1996
New International
Readers Version
1989
New Revised
Standard Version
(NIrV)
Gender neutral revision

of the RSV.
1991
Contemporary
English Version
Gods Word
Natural, uncomplicated
English.
The Message (MSG)
2004
Holman Christian
Standard Bible
(HCSB) Balance between
word-for-word and
thought-for-thought.
2005
Today's New
International Version
A simplified version of
the NIV with a 3rd- or
4th-grade reading level.
(TNIV) Modernization of the
2001
New English
Translation (NET)
English Standard
Version (ESV) Literal
update of the
RSV.
New International Version.
2005
Available only on the

Internet, with extensive
translators notes.
he Great Bible.
several times.
translation for the
theological notes from
Queenpamphlet,
Mary
Catholic church.
To Bible
purchaseProtestant
printed
copies
please
visit www.rose-publishing.com.
The Chained
scholars
John of this
Mode
The k
discov
has led
transla
U.S.A.
s of America.
g.com
1885
on the
also available
The E
Versi
W. Comfort,
ege, and Senior
ble Study
Testament
ni; Michael
y Photo
cture Archives;
ary I, Scala;
e Nacional
pal, Fellows
. 281108SCG
A Brit
King J
1901
Amer
Versi
Revisi
James
Ameri
>
1926
Chart idea and dates courtesy of Back to the Bible Broadcast, Lincoln, NE. Used by permission.
Moff
A very
langua
8-189094-705-7)

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How We Get Bible PDF

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How We Got the Bible

The Bible is inspired by God (2 Timothy 3:16-17; 2 Peter 1:20-21).

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Old Testament Written

Bible Copied on Papyrus

A papyrus codex is a bound volume

New Testament Written

Bible Printed by Printing Press

Fine quality animal skins from calves

Wycliffe Bibles were inscribed by hand

The Bible is now printed on paper in

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are written down in

collects and arranges

The Septuagint is the

Greek translation of the

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into strips and pressed

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Early Coptic Translation

accept the writings of the

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Jerome starts translating

the Scriptures into Latin in

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LXX, the Roman numeral

The Masoretes are

special Jewish scribes

Anglo-Saxon pagans drive

monk, retells portions of

Bede, a monk and

scholar, makes an Old

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scriptures. Luke 24:44-45

translates portions of the

England (1066) and

Middle English emerges,

popularized by works such

First English Bible

is translated from Latin

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translates the New

priest and Oxford scholar,

Tyndale is called the

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The Geneva Bible

Calvin, Beza, Knox, and

was translated into

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King James Bible

King James I of England

(The edition used today

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A Qumran Cave near

A Scroll of Isaiah that