ASP.
NET - Data Source Controls
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A data source control interacts with the data-bound controls and hides the complex data binding
processes. These are the tools that provide data to the data bound controls and support
execution of operations like insertions, deletions, sorting and updates.
Each data source control wraps a particular data provider-relational databases, XML documents
or custom classes and helps in:
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Managing connection.
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Selection of data
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Managing presentation aspects like paging, caching etc.
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There are many data source controls available in ASP.Net for accessing data from SQL Server,
from ODBC or OLE DB servers, from XML files and from business objects.
Based on type of data, these controls could be divided into two categories: hierarchical data
source controls and table-based data source controls.
The data source controls used for hierarchical data are:
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XMLDataSource-allows binding to XML files and strings with or without schema
information
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SiteMapDataSource-allows binding to a provider that supplies site map information
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The data source controls used for tabular data are:
Data source controls
Description
SqlDataSource
represents a connection to an ADO.Net data provider that returns
SQL data, including data sources accessible via OLEDB and QDBC
ObjectDataSource
allows binding to a custom .Net business object that returns data
LinqdataSource
allows binding to the results of a Linq-to-SQL query (supported
by ASP.Net 3.5 only)
AccessDataSource
represents connection to a Microsoft Access database
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The Data Source Views
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Data source views are objects of the DataSourceView class and represent a customized view of
data for different data operations like sorting, filtering etc.
The DataSourceView class serves as the base class for all data source view classes, which define
the capabilities of data source controls.
Following table provides the properties of the DataSourceView class:
Properties
Description
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CanDelete
Indicates whether deletion is allowed on the underlying data
source.
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CanInsert
Indicates whether insertion is allowed on the underlying data
source.
CanPage
Indicates whether paging is allowed on the underlying data
source.
CanRetrieveTotalRowCount
Indicates whether total row count information is available.
CanSort
Indicates whether the data could be sorted.
CanUpdate
Indicates whether updates are allowed on the underlying data
source.
Events
Gets a list of event-handler delegates for the data source view.
Name
Name of the view.
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Following table provides the methods of the DataSourceView class:
Methods
Description
CanExecute
Determines whether the specified command can be
executed.
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ExecuteCommand
Executes the specific command.
ExecuteDelete
Performs a delete operation on the list of data that the
DataSourceView object represents.
ExecuteInsert
Performs an insert operation on the list of data that the
DataSourceView object represents.
ExecuteSelect
Gets a list of data from the underlying data storage.
ExecuteUpdate
Performs an update operation on the list of data that the
DataSourceView object represents.
Delete
Performs a delete operation on the data associated with
the view.
Insert
Performs an insert operation on the data associated with
the view.
Select
Returns the queried data.
Update
Performs an update operation on the data associated with
the view.
OnDataSourceViewChanged
Raises the DataSourceViewChanged event.
RaiseUnsupportedCapabilitiesError
Called by the RaiseUnsupportedCapabilitiesError method
to compare the capabilities requested for an
ExecuteSelect operation against those that the view
supports.
The SqlDataSource Control
The SqlDataSource control represents a connection to a relational database such as SQL Server
or Oracle database, or data accessible through OLEDB or Open Database Connectivity (ODBC).
Connection to data is made through two important properties ConnectionString and
ProviderName.
The following code snippet provides the basic syntax for the control:
<asp:SqlDataSource runat="server" ID="MySqlSource"
ProviderName='<%$ ConnectionStrings:LocalNWind.ProviderName
ConnectionString='<%$ ConnectionStrings:LocalNWind %>'
SelectionCommand= "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES" />
%>'
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"
DataSourceID="MySqlSource">
Configuring various data operations on the underlying data depends upon the various properties
(property groups) of the data source control.
The following table provides the related sets of properties of the SqlDataSource control, which
provides the programming interface of the control:
Property Group
Description
DeleteCommand,
DeleteParameters,
DeleteCommandType
Gets or sets the SQL statement, parameters and type for deleting
rows in the underlying data.
FilterExpression,
FilterParameters
Gets or sets the data filtering string and parameters.
InsertCommand,
InsertParameters,
InsertCommandType
Gets or sets the SQL statement, parameters and type for
inserting rows in the underlying database.
SelectCommand,
SelectParameters,
SelectCommandType
Gets or sets the SQL statement, parameters and type for
retrieving rows from the underlying database.
SortParameterName
Gets or sets the name of an input parameter that the command's
stored procedure will use to sort data
UpdateCommand,
UpdateParameters,
UpdateCommandType
Gets or sets the SQL statement, parameters and type for
updating rows in the underlying data store.
The following code snippet shows a data source control enabled for data manipulation:
<asp:SqlDataSource runat="server" ID= "MySqlSource"
ProviderName='<%$ ConnectionStrings:LocalNWind.ProviderName %>'
ConnectionString=' <%$ ConnectionStrings:LocalNWind %>'
SelectCommand= "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES"
UpdateCommand= "UPDATE EMPLOYEES SET LASTNAME=@lame"
DeleteCommand= "DELETE FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEEID=@eid"
FilterExpression= "EMPLOYEEID > 10">
.....
.....
</asp:SqlDataSource>
The ObjectDataSource Control:
The ObjectDataSource Control enables user-defined classes to associate the output of their
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methods to data bound controls. The programming interface of this class is almost same as the
SqlDataSource control.
Following are two important aspects of binding business objects:
The bindable class should have a default constructor, be stateless, and have methods
that can be mapped to select, update, insert and delete semantics.
The object must update one item at a time, batch operations are not supported.
Let us go directly to an example to work with this control. The student class is our class to be
used with an object data source. This class has three properties: a student id, name and city. It
has a default constructor and a GetStudents method to be used for retrieving data.
The student class:
public class Student
{
public int StudentID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string City { get; set; }
public Student()
{ }
public DataSet GetStudents()
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
DataTable dt = new DataTable("Students");
dt.Columns.Add("StudentID", typeof(System.Int32));
dt.Columns.Add("StudentName", typeof(System.String));
dt.Columns.Add("StudentCity", typeof(System.String));
dt.Rows.Add(new object[] { 1, "M. H. Kabir", "Calcutta" });
dt.Rows.Add(new object[] { 2, "Ayan J. Sarkar", "Calcutta" });
ds.Tables.Add(dt);
return ds;
}
}
Take the following steps to bind the object with an object data source and retrieve data:
Create a new web site. Add a class (Students.cs) to it by right clicking the project from
the Solution Explorer, adding a class template and placing the above code in it.
Build the solution so that the application can use the reference to the class.
Place a object data source control in the web form.
Configure the data source by selecting the object.
Select a data method(s) for different operations on data. In this example, there is only
one method.
Place a data bound control like grid view on the page and select the object data source as
its underlying data source
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At this stage, the design view should look like the following:
Run the project, it retrieves the hard coded tuples from the students class.
The AccessDataSource Control:
The AccessDataSource control represents a connection to an Access database. It is based on the
SqlDataSource control and provides simpler programming interface. The following code snippet
provides the basic syntax for the data source:
<asp:AccessDataSource ID="AccessDataSource1"
runat="server"
DataFile="~/App_Data/ASPDotNetStepByStep.mdb"
SelectCommand="SELECT * FROM [DotNetReferences]">
</asp:AccessDataSource>
The AccessDataSource control opens the database in read-only mode. However, it can also be
used for performing insert, update or delete operations. This is done using the ADO.Net
commands and parameter collection.
Updates are problematic for Access databases from within an ASP.Net application because an
Access database is a plain file and the default account of the ASP.Net application might not have
the permission to write to the database file.
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