Sec. Admin

z/OS
Security Server RACF

Security Administrators Guide
SA22-7683-06
z/OS

SA22-7683-06
Note
Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under Notices on page
745.
Seventh Edition, March 2005

This is a refresh of SA22-7683-05. This edition applies to Version 1 Release 6 of z/OS (5694-A01), to Version 1
Release 6 of z/OS.e (5655-G52), and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new
editions.
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Contents
Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Who should use this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
How to use this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Where to find more information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Softcopy publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
RACF courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv
Using LookAt to look up message explanations . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv
Accessing z/OS licensed documents on the Internet . . . . . . . . . . xxv
IBM systems center publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
Other sources of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
IBM discussion areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
Internet sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
To request copies of IBM publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviii
Summary of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Chapter 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Meets Security Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Identification and Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Accountability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementing Multilevel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multilevel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Characteristics of a Multilevel-Secure Environment . . . . . . . . . .
Administering Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delegating Administration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering Security When a VM System Shares the RACF Database . .
Using RACF Commands or Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Group and User Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Users and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security Classification of Users and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting RACF Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Installation Exits to Customize RACF . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY, VERIFYX, AUTH, and DEFINE Exits
The RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH Exits . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF Command Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF Password Processing Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF Password Authentication Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tools for the Security Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Block Update Command (BLKUPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the RACF Report Writer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Data Security Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recording Statistics in RACF Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copyright IBM Corp. 1994, 2005
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Listing Information from RACF Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Searching for RACF Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Using the LIST and SEARCH Commands Effectively . . . . . . . . . . 32
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Chapter 2. Organizing for RACF Implementation . . . .

Ensuring Management Commitment . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting the Security Implementation Team . . . . . . .
Responsibilities of the Implementation Team . . . . . .
Defining Security Objectives and Preparing the Implementation
Deciding What to Protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Existing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting New Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowing a Warning Period. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing Ownership Structures . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting User IDs and Group Names . . . . . . . .
Establishing Your RACF Group Structure . . . . . . .
Educating the System Users . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 3. Defining Groups and Users . . . . . . . .

Defining RACF Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Types of Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Large Groups with the UNIVERSAL Attribute . .
Group Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benefits of Using RACF Groups . . . . . . . . . .
Group Ownership and Levels of Group Authority . . . .
Summary of Steps for Defining a RACF Group . . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Deleting Groups . . . . . . . . .
Defining Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suggestions for Defining User IDs . . . . . . . . . .
Ownership of a RACF User Profile . . . . . . . . .
User Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Attributes at the Group Level . . . . . . . . . .
Suggestions for Assigning User Attributes . . . . . . .
Verifying User Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Default Universal Access Authority (UACC) . . . . . .
Assigning Security Categories, Levels, and Labels to Users
Limiting When a User Can Access the System . . . . .
Defining Protected User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Restricted User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Defining Users . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Deleting Users . . . . . . . . .
General Considerations for User ID Delegation . . . . . .
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Chapter 4. Classifying Users and Data . . . . . .

Security Classification of Users and Data . . . . . .
Effect On RACF Authorization Checking . . . . .
Understanding Security Levels and Security Categories .
CATEGORY and SECLEVEL Information in Profiles .
Converting from LEVEL to SECLEVEL . . . . . .
Deleting UNKNOWN Categories . . . . . . . .
Maintaining Categories in an RRSF Environment . .
Understanding Security Labels . . . . . . . . . .
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z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide
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Comparing Security Labels . . . . . . . . . .

Considerations Related to Security Labels . . . .
How Users Specify Current Security Labels . . . .
Listing Security Labels . . . . . . . . . . .
Finding Out Which Security Labels a User Can Use .
Searching by Security Labels . . . . . . . . .
Restricting Security Label Changes . . . . . . .
Requiring Security Labels . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the write-down Privilege . . . . . .
Planning Considerations for Security Labels . . . .
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Chapter 5. Specifying RACF Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the SETROPTS Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS Options for Initial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing Password Syntax Rules (PASSWORD Option) . . . . . . .
Setting the Maximum Password Change Interval (PASSWORD Option)
Extending Password and User ID Processing (PASSWORD Option) . . . .
Revoking Unused User IDs (INACTIVE Option) . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating List-of-Groups Checking (GRPLIST Option) . . . . . . . . .
Setting the RVARY Passwords (RVARYPW Option) . . . . . . . . . .
Restricting the Creation of General Resource Profiles (GENERICOWNER
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating General Resource Classes (CLASSACT Option) . . . . . . .
Activating Generic Profile Checking and Generic Command Processing
Activating Statistics Collection (STATISTICS Option) . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Global Access Checking (GLOBAL Option) . . . . . . . . .
RACF-Protecting All Data Sets (PROTECTALL Option) . . . . . . . . .
Activating JES2 or JES3 RACF Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preventing Access to Uncataloged Data Sets (CATDSNS Option) . . . . .
Activating Enhanced Generic Naming for the DATASET Class (EGN Option)
Controlling Data Set Modeling (MODEL Option) . . . . . . . . . . .
Bypassing Automatic Data Set Protection (NOADSP Option) . . . . . .
Displaying and Logging Real Data Set Names (REALDSN Option) . . . .
Protecting Data Sets with Single-Qualifier Names (PREFIX Option) . . . .
Activating Tape Data Set Protection (TAPEDSN Option) . . . . . . . .
Activating Tape Volume Protection (CLASSACT(TAPEVOL) Option) . . . .
Establishing a Security Retention Period for Tape Data Sets (RETPD
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Erasing Scratched or Released DASD Data (ERASE Option) . . . . . .
Establishing National Language Defaults (LANGUAGE Option) . . . . . .
SETROPTS Options to Activate In-Storage Profile Processing . . . . . . .
SETROPTS GENLIST Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS RACLIST Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS REFRESH Option for Special Cases . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refreshing In-Storage Generic Profile Lists (GENERIC REFRESH Option)
Refreshing Global Access Checking Lists (GLOBAL REFRESH Option)
Refreshing Shared Systems (REFRESH Option) . . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS Options for Special Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Undefined Terminals (TERMINAL Option). . . . . . . . . .
Activating the Security Classification of Users and Data . . . . . . . .
Establishing the Maximum VTAM Session Interval (SESSIONINTERVAL
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Program Control (WHEN(PROGRAM) Option) . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS Options Related to Security Labels . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricting Changes to Security Labels (SECLABELCONTROL option)
Preventing Changes to Security Labels (MLSTABLE Option) . . . . . .
Contents
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Quiescing RACF Activity (MLQUIET Option) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preventing the Copying of Data to a Lower Security Label (SETROPTS
MLS Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Compatibility Mode For Security Labels (COMPATMODE Option)
Enforcing Multilevel Security (MLACTIVE Option) . . . . . . . . . .
Restricting Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories (MLFSOBJ Option)
Restricting Access to Interprocess Communication Objects (MLIPCOBJ
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Name-hiding (MLNAMES Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Security Labels by System Image (SECLBYSYSTEM Option)
SETROPTS Options for Automatic Control of Access List Authority . . . .
Automatic Addition of Creators User ID to Access List . . . . . . . .
Automatic Omission of Creators User ID from Access List . . . . . .
Specifying the Encryption Method for User Passwords . . . . . . . . .
Using Started Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assigning RACF User IDs to Started Procedures . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up the STARTED Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Started Procedures Table (ICHRIN03) . . . . . . . . . .
Started Procedure Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 6. Protecting Data Sets on DASD and Tape . . . . . . . . .

Protecting Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Defining Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Creation of New Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Set Profile Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Generic Data Set Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Profile Modeling for Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Password-Protected Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting GDG Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data Sets That Have Duplicate Names . . . . . . . . . .
Disallowing Duplicate Names for Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . .
Using the PROTECT Operand or SECMODEL for Non-VSAM Data Sets
Protecting Multivolume Data Sets with Discrete Profiles . . . . . . . .
Protecting DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Access Authorities for DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Erasing of Scratched (Deleted) DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Catalogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting DASD System Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DASD Volume Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFDSS-Authorized Storage Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data on Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing Which Tape-Related Options to Use . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Existing Data on Tape (SETROPTS TAPEDSN in Effect) . . . .
Protecting New Data on Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security Levels and Security Categories for Tapes . . . . . . . . . .
Security Labels for Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Volume Profiles That Contain a TVTOC . . . . . . . . . . . .
Predefining Tape Volume Profiles for Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . .
RACF Security Retention Period Processing (TAPEDSN Must Be Active)
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When Both TAPEVOL and
TAPEDSN Are Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When TAPEVOL Is Inactive
and TAPEDSN Is Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When TAPEVOL Is Active

and TAPEDSN Is Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JCL Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installations with HSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IEC.TAPERING Profile in the FACILITY Class . . . . . . . . . . . .
Password-Protected Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the PROTECT Parameter for Tape Data Set or Tape Volume
Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multivolume Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Authorization of Bypass Label Processing (BLP) . . . . . . . .
Authorization Requirements for Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Data Set and Tape Volume Protection with Nonstandard Labels (NSL)
Tape Data Set and Tape Volume Protection for Nonlabeled (NL) Tapes
Chapter 7. Protecting General Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles for General Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Defining General Resource Profiles . . . . . .
Choosing Between Discrete and Generic Profiles in General Resource
Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing Among Generic Profiles, Resource Group Profiles, and
RACFVARS Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Generic Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Generic Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Generic Profile Checking of General Resources . . . . . . . . . .
Granting Access Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conditional Access Lists for General Resource Profiles . . . . . . .
Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table . . . . . . . . . . . .
How Global Access Checking Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Candidates for Global Access Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Global Access Checking Table Entries . . . . . . . . . .
Stopping Global Access Checking for a Specific Class . . . . . . . .
Listing the Global Access Checking Table . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Considerations for Global Access Checking . . . . . . . . .
Field-Level Access Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Planning for Profiles in the FACILITY Class . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delegating Authority to Profiles in the FACILITY Class . . . . . . . .
Providing the Ability to List User Information . . . . . . . . . . . .
Providing the Ability to Reset User Passwords . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Resource Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a Resource to a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting a Resource from a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Which Profiles Protect a Particular Resource? . . . . . . . . . . .
Resolving Conflicts among Multiple Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
Considerations for Resource Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Variables in Profile Names (RACFVARS Class) . . . . . .
Defining RACF Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example of Protecting Several Tape Volumes Using the RACFVARS Class
Using RACF Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACFVARS Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACFVARS with Mixed-Case Classes . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling VTAM LU 6.2 Bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting DFP-Managed Temporary Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting File Services Provided by LFS/ESA . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Profiles in the TERMINAL and GTERMINL Classes . . . . .
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Contents
vii
Controlling the Use of Undefined Terminals . . . . . . . . . .

Limiting Specific Groups of Users to Specific Terminals . . . . .
Limiting the Times That a Terminal Can Be Used . . . . . . . .
Using Security Labels to Control Terminals . . . . . . . . . .
Using the TSO LOGON Command with the RECONNECT Operand .
Protecting Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Security Labels to Control Consoles . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Secured Signon Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF PassTicket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating the PTKTDATA Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles in the PTKTDATA Class . . . . . . . . . . .
When the Profile Definitions Are Complete . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Processes the Password or PassTicket . . . . . . .
Enabling the Use of PassTickets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting the Vector Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to Program Dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF to Control Access to Program Dumps . . . . . . .
Using Non-RACF Methods to Control Access to Program Dumps . .
Controlling the Allocation of Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting LLA-Managed Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Data Lookaside Facility (DLF) Objects (Hiperbatch) . . . .
Using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES Support . . . .
The RACGLIST Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering the Use of Operator Commands . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands . . . . . . . . .
Command Authorization in an MCS Sysplex . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of Operator Commands . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of Remote Sharing Functions . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to the RACLINK Command . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Password Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the AT Operand . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the ONLYAT Operand . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing Security for the RACF Parameter Library . . . . . . .
Controlling Message Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Opening of VTAM ACBs . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and PSF (Print Services Facility) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auditing When Users Receive Message Traffic . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and APPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Verification during APPC Transactions . . . . . . . . . .
Protection of APPC/MVS Transaction Programs (TPs) . . . . . .
LU Security Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Origin LU Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protection of APPC Server IDs (APPCSERV) . . . . . . . . .
RACF and CICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and ICSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and z/OS UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Support for NDS and Lotus Notes for z/OS . . . . . . . .
Administering Application User Identities . . . . . . . . . . .
System Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Applications to Use Identity Mapping . . . . . . . .
Considerations for Application User Names . . . . . . . . . .
Storing encryption keys using the KEYSMSTR class . . . . . . .
Steps for storing a key in a KEYSMSTR profile . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 8. Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT)

Overview of the class descriptor table . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profiles in the CDT class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a dynamic class with a unique POSIT value . . . . . . . .
Steps for adding a dynamic class with a unique POSIT value . . .
Adding a dynamic class that shares a POSIT value . . . . . . . .
When a POSIT value is shared . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steps for adding a dynamic class with a shared POSIT value . . .
Changing a POSIT value for a dynamic class . . . . . . . . . .
Steps for changing a POSIT value of an existing dynamic class . .
Guidelines for changing dynamic CDT entries . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting a class from the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steps for deleting a dynamic CDT class . . . . . . . . . . .
Disabling the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Re-enabling a previously defined dynamic class . . . . . . . . .
Steps to re-enable a previously defined dynamic class . . . . . .
Recommendation for moving to the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . .
Sysplex considerations for the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . .
Shared system considerations for the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . .
RRSF considerations for the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 9. Protecting Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Program security modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simple program protection in BASIC or ENHANCED mode . . . . . .
Program control by SMFID in BASIC or ENHANCED mode . . . . . .
Maintaining a clean environment in BASIC or ENHANCED mode . . . .
More complex controls: Using EXECUTE access for programs or libraries
(BASIC mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Migrating from BASIC to ENHANCED program security mode . . . . .
Protecting program libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program access to data sets (PADS) in BASIC mode . . . . . . . .
Choosing between the PADCHK and NOPADCHK operands . . . . .
Program access to SERVAUTH resources in BASIC or ENHANCED mode
ENHANCED program security mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program access to data sets (PADS) in ENHANCED mode . . . . . .
Using EXECUTE access for programs and libraries in ENHANCED mode
When to use MAIN or BASIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining programs as MAIN or BASIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How protection works for programs and PADS . . . . . . . . . . . .
How program control works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Informational messages for program control . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization checking for access control to load modules . . . . . .
Authorization checking for access control to data sets . . . . . . . .
Processing for execute-controlled libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of controlling programs and using PADS . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of defining load modules as controlled programs . . . . . .
Examples of setting up program access to data sets . . . . . . . .
Example of setting up an execute-controlled library . . . . . . . . .
Example of setting up program control by system ID . . . . . . . .
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Contents
ix
Chapter 10. Operating Considerations . . . . . . . .

Coordinating Profile Updates . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Commands for Flushing a VLF Cache . . . . .
Getting Started with RACF (after First Installing RACF) . .
Logging On as IBMUSER and Checking Initial Conditions
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Defining Administrator User IDs for Your Own Use . . . . . . . . .

Defining at Least One User ID to Be Used for Emergencies Only . . . .
Logging on as RACFADM, Checking Groups and Users, and Revoking
IBMUSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining the Groups Needed for the First Users . . . . . . . . . .
Defining a System-Wide Auditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Group Administrators, Group Auditors, and Data Managers . . .
Protecting System Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting RACF Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Data Security Monitor (DSMON) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JCL Parameters Related to RACF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restarting Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bypassing Password Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to RACF Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Only RACF-Defined Users to Access RACF-Protected Resources
Using the TSO or ISPF Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service by IBM Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Failsoft Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Failsoft Processing with Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Considerations for RACF Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Backup RACF Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Data Set Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting the RACF Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Data Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sharing Data without Sharing a RACF Database . . . . . . . . . .
Number of Resident Data Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 11. Working With The RACF Database . .
Using the RACF Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) .
Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . .
Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . .
Running the Database Unload Utility . . . . . .
Allowable Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Database Unload Utility Output Effectively
Using the RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) . . .
IRRRID00 Job Control Statements . . . . . . .
Finding Residual IDs . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Commands to Remove IDs . . . . . .
IRRRID00 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuing the Commands Generated by IRRRID00 . .
Processing Profiles and Resources . . . . . . .
What IRRRID00 Verifies . . . . . . . . . . .
Database Objects That Are Not Processed . . . .
Processing a Hierarchy of Groups . . . . . . .
Processing Global Profiles . . . . . . . . . .
Processing General Resource Profiles . . . . . .
Processing MEMBER Data . . . . . . . . . .
Processing Universal Groups . . . . . . . . .
IRRRID00 and Tivoli . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time Required to Run IRRRID00 . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 12. The RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF) . . . . . . . . 387

The RRSF Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
RRSF Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Establishing User ID Associations in the RRSF Network . . . .

Types of User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Password Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACLINK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approving User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Listing User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command Direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commands That Are Not Eligible for Command Direction . . .
Directing Commands Using the AT Option . . . . . . . .
Directing Commands Using the ONLYAT Option . . . . . .
Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preparing to Use Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . .
Output Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interactions among Automatic Direction Functions and Password
Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Automatic Direction of Commands . . . . . . . . .
Using Automatic Direction of Application Updates . . . . . .
Using Automatic Password Direction . . . . . . . . . . .
Relationship to User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . .
RRSF Considerations for JES Security . . . . . . . . .
RRSF Considerations for Network Authentication Service . . .
Synchronizing Database Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 13. Controlling Access to DB2 Objects .
RACF Support for DB2 Authorization . . . . . .
Configuring the RACF DB2 External Security Module
Migrating to the RACF DB2 External Security Module
RACF Profile Checking . . . . . . . . . . .
Matching Schema Names . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting DB2 Objects . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resource Names . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Administrative Authorities . . . . . . . . .
Class Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resource Names . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation-Defined Classes . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Data Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Considerations . . . . . . . . . . .
PUBLIC* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implicit Privileges of Ownership . . . . . . .
DROP and ALTER INDEX Privileges . . . . .
CREATETMTAB Privilege . . . . . . . . .
CREATE VIEW Privilege . . . . . . . . . .
Any Table Privilege . . . . . . . . . . .
Any Schema Privilege . . . . . . . . . .
UPDATE and REFERENCES Authorization on DB2
The XAPLDIAG Output Parameter . . . . . .
DB2 Aliases for System-Directed Access . . . .
Considerations for Remote and Local Resources .
DB2 GRANT commands . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Object Names With Blank Characters . . .
DB2 Object Names With Special Characters . .
Authority Checking for All Packages in a Collection
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AUTOBIND Requests for User-Defined Functions. . .

Identity Used for Authorization Checks . . . . . . .
Administering the RACF External Security Module . . .
Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking (XAPLFUNC = 2). . . . . .
Authorization processing examples . . . . . . . . .
Example 1: Allowing access (auditing for failures) . . .
Example 2: Allowing access (auditing for all attempts) .
Example 3: Denying access. . . . . . . . . . .
Example 4: Deferring to DB2 . . . . . . . . . .
Example 5: Allowing access (multiple-subsystem scope)
Example 6: Allowing access (single-subsystem scope) .
Converting DB2 Authorizations to RACF Profiles . . . .
Common Problems and Considerations . . . . . . .
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435
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436
436
437
439
439
440
441
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443
444
445
445
Chapter 14. RACF and DCE . . . . . . . .

Cross Linking DCE Identities and RACF User IDs
Defining Cross Linking Information . . . . .
The RACF DCEUUIDS Class . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles to the RACF DCEUUIDS Class
Activating the DCEUUIDS Class . . . . . .
Administering DCE Information in RACF . . . .
Single Signon Support for DCE . . . . . . .
Using Encryption with Single Signon . . . .
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447
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Chapter 15. RACF and Tivoli Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Establishing a RACF Identity for a Tivoli Administrator . . . . . . . . . . 453
Listing Profiles in the TMEADMIN Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
xii
Chapter 16. RACF and Information Management System (IMS)

Overview of RACF and IMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to IMS System Data Sets and Databases . .
IMS System Generation Considerations . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing Audit Trail Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to IMS Control Regions . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to IMS Transactions . . . . . . . . . .
Grouping IMS Transactions under a Common Profile . . . .
Controlling Access to IMS Physical Terminals . . . . . . . .
Authorization to IMS/ESA Control Region Resources . . . . .
Defining Application Group Names for IMS . . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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455
455
456
457
459
461
461
462
463
463
464
466
Chapter 17. Providing Security for JES . . . . . .

Planning for Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How JES and RACF Work Together. . . . . . . . .
Defining JES as a RACF Started Procedure . . . . . .
Forcing Batch Users to Identify Themselves to RACF . .
Support for Execution Batch Monitor (XBM) (JES2 Only) .
Defining and Grouping Operators. . . . . . . . . .
JES User ID Early Verification . . . . . . . . . . .
User ID Propagation When Jobs Are Submitted . . . .
Allowing Surrogate Job Submission . . . . . . . .
Controlling User ID Propagation in a Local Environment
Using Protected User IDs for Batch Jobs . . . . . . .
Propagating Protected User IDs . . . . . . . . .
Using Protected User IDs for Surrogate Job Submission
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467
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Where NJE Jobs Are Verified . . . . . . . . . .

How SYSOUT Requests Are Verified . . . . . . .
Security Labels for JES Resources . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to Data Sets JES Uses . . . . .
Controlling Input to Your System . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Validates Users . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of Job Names . . . . . . .
Authorizing the Use of Input Sources . . . . . .
Authorizing Network Jobs and SYSOUT (NJE) . . . .
Authorizing Inbound Work . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Outbound Work . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to Spool Data . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data Sets on Spools . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles for SYSIN and SYSOUT Data Sets
Letting Users Create Their Own JESSPOOL Profiles
Protecting JESNEWS . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Trace Data Sets (JES2 Only) . . . . .
Protecting SYSLOG . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spool Offload Considerations (JES2 Only) . . . .
How RACF Affects Jobs Dumped from and Restored
Authorizing Console Access . . . . . . . . . .
MCS Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Remote Workstations (RJP/RJE Consoles) . . . .
JES3 Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Where Output Can Be Processed . . . .
Authorizing the Use of Your Installations Printers . . .
Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands . . . .
Commands from RJE Work Stations . . . . . .
Commands from NJE Nodes . . . . . . . . .
Who Authorizes Commands When RACF Is Active .
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474
475
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477
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481
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500
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506
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510
510
511
512
512
512
513
Chapter 18. RACF and Storage Management Subsystem (SMS) . . . .

Overview of RACF and SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF General Resource Classes for Protecting SMS Classes . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of SMS Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST Processing for MGMTCLAS
and STORCLAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFP Segment in RACF Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFP Segment in User and Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFP Segment in Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Uses the Information in the DFP Segments . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to the DFP Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of Other SMS Resources . . . . . . . . . . . .
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517
517
518
519
520
520
523
Chapter 19. RACF and TSO/E . . . . . . . .

TSO/E Administration Considerations . . . . . .
Protecting TSO Resources . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking for Protected TSO Resources
Field-Level Access Checking for TSO . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the TSO SEND Command . .
Restricting Spool Access by TSO Users . . . . .
TSO Commands That Relate to RACF . . . . . .
Using TSO When RACF Is Deactivated . . . . .
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Chapter 20. RACF and z/OS UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Defining group identifiers (GIDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Contents
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Defining user identifiers (UIDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Listing UIDs and GIDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Superuser authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting z/OS UNIX user limits . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protected user IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the use of shared UNIX identities . . . . . . . .
Sharing IDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining the SHARED.IDS profile in the UNIXPRIV class . . .
Using the SHARED operand . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enabling automatic assignment of UNIX identities . . . . . .
Setting up the BPX.NEXT.USER profile . . . . . . . . .
RRSF Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using default OMVS segments in USER and GROUP profiles . .
z/OS UNIX performance considerations . . . . . . . . . .
Converting to stage 3 of application identity mapping . . . .
Using the UNIXMAP class and Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF).
Using UNIXPRIV class profiles to manage z/OS UNIX privileges .
Example of authorizing superuser privileges . . . . . . . .
Allowing z/OS UNIX users to change file ownerships . . . .
Configuring the group owner for new UNIX files . . . . . .
Protecting file system resources . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
z/OS UNIX application considerations . . . . . . . . . . .
Threads and security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application services and security . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restrictions of RACF client ACEE support . . . . . . . .
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535
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538
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539
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541
542
543
543
546
546
547
548
549
549
551
552
553
554
Chapter 21. RACF and Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using RACF to Manage Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size Restrictions for Private keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the RACDCERT Command to Administer Certificates . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the RACDCERT Command . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Adding Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Listing Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Checking Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Altering Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and Key Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIGTCERT General Resource Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Certificate Name Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interpreting the X.500 Directory Information Tree . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Certificate Name Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Types of Certificate Name Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Processes Certificate Name Filters . . . . . . . . . . .
Using an Existing Certificate as a Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Excluding a Certificate Using the NOTRUST Option . . . . . . . . . .
Mapping Multiple User IDs Using Additional Criteria . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Registration of Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) Considerations . . . . . .
Using the PCI or PCIX Cryptographic Coprocessor to generate private keys
The irrcerta, irrmulti, and irrsitec User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewing an expiring certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewing a certificate with the same private key . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewing with a new private key (rekeying) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplied digital certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steps to begin using a supplied CA certificate . . . . . . . . . . . .
Listings of supplied certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
555
556
557
557
559
560
561
565
567
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568
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571
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Implementation Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenario 1: Secure Server with a Certificate Signed by a Certificate
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenario 2: Secure Server with a Locally Signed Certificate . . . .
Scenario 3: Migrating an ikeyman or gskkyman Certificate . . . .
Scenario 4: Secure Server-to-Server Session Enablement . . . .
Scenario 5: Creating Client Browser Certificates with a Locally Signed
Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenario 6: Enabling Secure Outbound FTP . . . . . . . . .
Scenario 7: Sharing One Certificate Between Multiple Servers . . .
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594
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596
597
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Chapter 22. RACF and z/OS Security Server Network Authentication

Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing your local environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining your local RRSF node . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining your local realm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining local principals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic local principal name mapping . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing your foreign environment . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining foreign realms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mapping foreign principal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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603
603
604
604
605
607
608
609
609
Chapter 23. Controlling applications that invoke callable services

Controlling applications that invoke initACEE . . . . . . . . .
Registering user certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deregistering user certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing certificate-authority certificates . . . . . . . . . .
Using a hostIdMappings extension . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_admin . . . . . . . . .
Defining applications as RACF users . . . . . . . . . . .
Permitting access to IRR.RADMIN resources . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_cacheserv . . . . . . . .
Authorizing servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_datalib . . . . . . . . .
Extracting private keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managing certificate serial numbers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_dceruid . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_PKIServ. . . . . . . . .
Authorizing end-user functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing administrative functions . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_proxyserv . . . . . . . .
Authorizing servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_ticketserv . . . . . . . .
Defining applications as RACF users . . . . . . . . . . .
Permitting access to the IRR.RTICKETSERV resource . . . . .
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Chapter 24. Configuring z/OS to participate in an EIM domain . . . . . 621

Defining RACF as the local EIM registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Defining Kerberos or X.509 registry names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Chapter 25. RACF and z/OS LDAP Server . .
Defining an LDAPBIND class profile . . . . .
Overview of LDAP event notification . . . . .
LDAP notification occurs in real-time only. . .
RRSF considerations for applications exploiting
Activating LDAP change notification . . . . .
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password enveloping
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Contents
xv
Chapter 26. Password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Overview of password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signing hash algorithm and encryption strength used to create the password
envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The IRR.PWENV.KEYRING key ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The IRR.RADMIN.EXTRACT.PWENV profile . . . . . . . . . . . .
The NOTIFY.LDAP.USER profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting up password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preparing RACF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining a local certificate authority certificate using RACF as the certificate
authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Generating a X.509 V3 certificate for user password enveloping . . . . .
Activating password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Planning considerations for heterogeneous password synchronization . . .
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627
627
628
628
629
629
629
629
630
630
631
634
636
Appendix A. Supplied class descriptor table entries . . . . . . . . . 639

Supplied resource classes for z/OS and OS/390 systems . . . . . . . . . 639
Supplied resource classes for z/VM and VM systems . . . . . . . . . . 646
Appendix B. Summary of RACF Commands and Authorities
Summary of commands and their functions . . . . . . . .
Summary of Authorities and Commands . . . . . . . . .
The SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL Attribute . . . . . . .
The AUDITOR or group-AUDITOR Attribute . . . . . . .
The OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS Attribute . . .
The CLAUTH Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Access Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profile Ownership Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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649
649
653
654
654
655
655
656
657
657
658
Appendix C. RACF Profile Summaries . .

User Profile Contents Summary . . . . .
Group Profile Contents Summary. . . . .
Connect Profile Contents Summary . . . .
Data Set Profile Contents Summary . . . .
General Resource Profile Contents Summary
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Checking
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675
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684
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688
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Appendix D. RACF External Security Module: Authorization

Usage notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buffer pool privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Collection privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 administrative authorities . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Database privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 administrative authority . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Java archive (JAR) privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Package privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plan privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schema privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xvi
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . .
Storage group privileges . . . . .
Stored procedure privileges . . . .
System privileges . . . . . . .
DB2 administrative authorities . .
Table privileges . . . . . . . .
Tablespace privileges . . . . . .
User-defined distinct type privileges .
User-defined function privileges . .
View privileges . . . . . . . .
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688
690
690
691
691
693
693
693
698
699
705
705
706
706
706
706
708
708
Appendix E. Security for System Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

Appendix F. Debugging Problems in the RACF Database . . . . . .
Checklist: Resolving Problems When Access Is Denied Unexpectedly . . .
Checklist: Resolving Problems When Access Is Allowed Incorrectly . . . .
When Changes to Data Set Profiles Take Effect . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking for RACF-Protected Resources . . . . . . . .
When Authorization Checking Takes Place and Why . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Resources . . . . . . . . .
Pictorial View of RACF Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories. . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Terminals . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to Consoles, JES Input Devices, APPC Partner LUs, or
IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking for RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH Requests
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Applications . . . . . . . . .
Security Label Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relationships among the SECLABEL class, SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES),
SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and SETROPTS MLQUIET . . .
Problems with User ID Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
When Logon or Job Initialization Processing Takes Place and Why . . .
Logon/Job Initialization Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix G. Accessibility . .
Using assistive technologies .
Keyboard navigation of the user
z/OS information . . . . . .
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715
715
717
718
719
719
720
725
730
732
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735
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. 736
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740
740
740
741
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743
743
743
743
Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746
RACF Glossary . . .
Sequence of entries .
Organization of entries
References . . . . .
Selection of terms . .
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Contents
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749
749
749
749
749
xvii
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
xviii
Figures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
RACF Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Sample ISPF Panel for RACF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Scope of Control of an Attribute Assigned at the Group Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
User and Group Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Group-Level Authority Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Scope of Authority of a Group-SPECIAL User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Delegating Authority (User Profiles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Example of Two Network LU Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Problem Prevention Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Reports produced by DSMON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Member UGRP: Users With Extraordinary Group Authorities report format statements . . . . . 357
Member UGRPCNTL: Users With Extraordinary Group Authorities Report record selection
statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Report of All Users with Extraordinary Group Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Customized Record Selection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Customized Report Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Customized Report JCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Sample SQL Utility Statements: Defining a Table Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Sample SQL Utility Statements: Creating a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Sample SQL Utility Statements: Creating Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
DB2 Utility Statements Required to Load the Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
DB2 Utility Statements Required to Delete the Group Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
An SQL Fragment to Process Revoke and Resume Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
A Sample SQL Query. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
A Sample QMF Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
A Sample Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Using the Remove ID Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Searching for All Residual References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Searching for Specific References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Specifying a Replacement ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Running IRRRID00 with an Empty SYSIN: Sample Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Running IRRRID00 with an Empty SYSIN: Sample Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Running IRRRID00 with Data in SYSIN: Sample Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Running IRRRID00 with Data in SYSIN: Sample Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Sample Output from the IRRRID00 Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
An RRSF Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Captured Output From a Password Synchronization Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
RACLINK ID(userid) LIST(*.*) Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Captured Output from a Directed LISTGRP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Captured Output from a Directed ADDSD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
DCE/RACF User ID Cross Linking Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Changing a DCE user with ALTUSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Output of the LISTUSER Command for user CSMITH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
RLIST Output of a TMEADMIN Class Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Message Processing (MPP) Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Batch Message Processing (BMP) Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Which NODES Profiles Are Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Example: Simple NJE User Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Example: Simple NJE User Translation Using &SUSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Example: Trusted, Semitrusted, and Untrusted Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Controlling Access to RACDCERT Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Output from the RACDCERT LIST Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Output from the RACDCERT LISTRING Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
xix
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
Output from the RACDCERT LIST Command with LABEL . . . . . . . . . . .

Output from the RLIST DIGTCERT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output from the SEARCH CLASS(DIGTCERT) Command . . . . . . . . . . .
Example of an X.500 Directory Information Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample RACDCERT MAP Command for Creating an Issuers Name Filter . . . . .
Sample Output from the LISTMAP Command for an Issuers Name Filter . . . . .
Sample RACDCERT MAP Commands for Creating Subjects Name Filters . . . . .
Sample RACDCERT MAP Command for Creating a Subjects and Issuers Name Filter
Sample RACDCERT MAP Commands Using a Model Certificate . . . . . . . . .
Sample RACDCERT MAP Commands Not Using a Model Certificate . . . . . . .
Sample RACDCERT MAP Command Using the NOTRUST Option . . . . . . . .
Sample RACDCERT MAP and RDEFINE Commands for Mapping Multiple User IDs .
Sample Output from the LISTMAP Command for a MULTIID Filter . . . . . . . .
Sample RACDCERT MAP and RDEFINE Commands using Multiple Criteria . . . .
Process Flow of Callers of RACF for RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH Requests . . .
Process Flow of SAF Router for RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH Requests . . . . .
Process Flow of RACF Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Process Flow of RACF Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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563
564
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577
577
578
579
579
581
725
726
727
728
Tables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
| 27.
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29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
| 35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
| 43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
User Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Commands to List Profile Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Command to Search for Profile Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Participants of the Security Implementation Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Checklist for Implementation Team Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Group Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Scope of Authority for User Attributes at the Group Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
RACF Support on JES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Sample Profile Names for STARTED Class Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Sample Data Set Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific (EGN Off)
158
Sample Data Set Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific (EGN On)
159
Protecting GDG Data Sets Using Generic Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Access Authorities for DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
RACF Commands Used to Work with General Resource Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Choosing Among Generic Profiles, Resource Group Profiles, and RACFVARS Profiles. . . . . 199
Sample General Resource Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific . . . . 202
ALTER, NONE, and CONTROL, UPDATE, and READ Access Authorities for General Resources 205
Comparison of GRPACC Attribute with &RACGPID.** Entry in Global Access Checking Table
211
Relationship of RACF Command Operands to FIELD Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Delegating Authority in the FACILITY Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Resource Group Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
RACF Classes Used to Authorize Operator Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
RACF Operator Command Profiles: Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
RACF TSO Commands Entered as Operator Commands: Naming Conventions . . . . . . . 263
Automatic Command Direction: Resource Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
KEYSMSTR class profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Processing options controlled simultaneously for classes sharing a POSIT value . . . . . . . 292
ICHERCDE macro operands and the corresponding operands for the RDEFINE and RALTER
commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Correlation of Record Type, Record Name, and DB2 Table Name . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
RRSFDATA Resources Used to Control Propagation of Digital Information . . . . . . . . . 415
DB2 Object Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
DB2 Object Name Qualifiers for RACF Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
DB2 Administrative Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
DB2 objects and privileges associated with implicit ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
FASTAUTH return code translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
IMS Class Names, How They Are Specified, and Their Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
NODES Class Operands and the UACC Meaning for Inbound Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
NODES Class Operands, UACC and SYSOUT Ownership When Node Is Not Defined to
&RACLNDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
TSO Command Usage When RACF Protection Is Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
The UNIXMAP Class and VLF: Effects on Performance for Installations That Have Not Reached
Stage 3 of Application Identity Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Subjects and Issuers Distinguished Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Summary of accesses required for PKI Services request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Encryption strength values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Resource Classes for z/OS and OS/390 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
Resource Classes for z/VM and VM Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Functions of RACF Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL Attribute 654
Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the AUDITOR or group-AUDITOR
Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
xxi
49. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the OPERATIONS or
group-OPERATIONS Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the CLAUTH Attribute . . . . . .
51. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have a Group Authority . . . . . . .
52. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have an Access Authority . . . . . . .
53. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Own a Profile . . . . . . . . . . .
54. Commands and Operands You Can Issue for Miscellaneous Reasons . . . . . . . . .
55. User Profile Contents: ADDUSER Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56. User Profile Contents: RACDCERT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57. User Profile Contents: RACLINK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58. Group Profile Contents: ADDGROUP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59. Connect Profile Contents: CONNECT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60. Data Set Profile Contents: ADDSD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61. Data Set Profile Contents: Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62. General Resource Profile Contents: RACDCERT Command . . . . . . . . . . . .
63. General Resource Profile Contents: RDEFINE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64. General Resource Profile Contents: Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65. UACC Values for System Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66. Required Relationship Between Security Levels for Each MAC Checking Type . . . . .
67. Security label authorization checking when SECLABEL class is active and either SETROPTS
MLS(FAILURES) or MLS(WARNING) is in effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68. Security label authorization checking when SECLABEL class is active and either SETROPTS
NOMLS is in effect or the user is in write-down mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69. Effects of MLACTIVE Settings on Security Label Authorization . . . . . . . . . . .
70. Relationships among the SECLABEL class, SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES), SETROPTS
MLACTIVE(FAILURES), and SETROPTS MLQUIET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71. Resource Classes Checked for Logon/Job Initialization Requests . . . . . . . . . .
xxii
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655
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657
658
659
661
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711
737
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. . 738
. . 739
. . 740
. . 742
About this document

This document supports z/OS (5694-A01) and z/OS.e (5655-G52) and contains
information about Resource Access Control Facility (RACF), which is part of z/OS
Security Server. This document provides information to help the security
administrator plan for and administer the RACF component of z/OS Security
Server.
Who should use this document

Security administrators, group administrators, and other administrators who are
responsible for system data security and integrity on a z/OS system should use this
document, for such tasks as:
v Planning how to use RACF to increase the security of the system
v Deciding which resources to protect
v Performing administration tasks
v Coordinating with administrators of other products
Readers should be familiar with RACF concepts and terminology. The readers of
this manual should also be familiar with z/OS or OS/390 systems.
RACF overview information can be obtained from the RACF home page:
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/racf/
How to use this document

Much of this document describes how to protect resources, such as data sets,
terminals, and others. In general, you first need to define users to RACF and set
some RACF options. Then, depending on your security plan, you select classes of
resources to protect and create resource profiles for them.
If you are reading this document for the first time, consider reading the following
parts first:
v Chapter 1, Introduction, on page 1
v Chapter 2, Organizing for RACF Implementation, on page 35
v Chapter 3, Defining Groups and Users, on page 49
v
v
v
v
Defining Profiles for General Resources on page 195

Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table on page 206
Getting Started with RACF (after First Installing RACF) on page 335
Appropriate portions of Chapter 5, Specifying RACF Options, on page 107
Where to find more information

Where necessary, this document references information in other publications. For
complete titles and order numbers for all elements of z/OS, see z/OS Information
Roadmap.
Softcopy publications
The RACF library is available on the following CD-ROMs. The CD-ROM online
library collections include Softcopy Reader, which is a program that enables you
to view the softcopy documents.
xxiii
Preface
SK3T-4269
z/OS Version 1 Release 6 Collection

This collection contains the set of unlicensed documents for the
current release of z/OS in both BookManager and Portable
Document Format (PDF) files. You can view or print the PDF files
with an Adobe Reader.
SK3T-4272
z/OS Security Server RACF Collection

This softcopy collection kit contains the Security Server library for
z/OS in both BookManager and Portable Document Format (PDF)
files. You can view or print the PDF files with an Adobe Reader.
SK2T-2180
Online Library OS/390 Security Server RACF Information Package

This softcopy collection contains the Security Server library for
OS/390. It also contains the RACF/MVS Version 2 product libraries,
the RACF/VM 1.10 product library, product documents from the
OS/390 and VM collections, International Technical Support
Organization (ITSO) documents (known as Redbooks), and
Washington System Center (WSC) documents (known as orange
books) that contain information related to RACF. The collection
does not contain any licensed publications. By using this CD-ROM,
you have access to RACF-related information from IBM products
such as OS/390, VM/ESA, CICS, and NetView.
SK3T-7876
IBM ERserver zSeries Redbooks Collection

This softcopy collection contains a set of documents called
Redbooks that pertain to zSeries subject areas ranging from
e-business application development and enablement to hardware,
networking, Linux, solutions, security, Parallel Sysplex and many
others.
SK2T-2177
IBM Redbooks S/390 Collection

This softcopy collection contains a set of documents called
Redbooks that pertain to S/390 subject areas ranging from
application development and enablement to hardware, networking,
security, Parallel Sysplex and many others.
RACF courses
The following RACF classroom courses are available:
ES840
Implementing RACF Security for CICS/ESA and CICS/TS
H3917
Basics of OS/390 Security Server RACF Administration
H3927
Effective RACF Administration
ES88A
Exploiting the Features of OS/390 Security Server RACF
IBM provides a variety of educational offerings for RACF. For more information
about classroom courses and other offerings, do any of the following:
v See your IBM representative
v Call 1-800-IBM-TEACh (1-800-426-8322)
Using LookAt to look up message explanations

LookAt is an online facility that lets you look up explanations for most of the IBM
messages you encounter, as well as for some system abends and codes. Using
xxiv
Preface
LookAt to find information is faster than a conventional search because in most
cases LookAt goes directly to the message explanation.
You can use LookAt from the following locations to find IBM message explanations
for z/OS elements and features, z/VM, VSE/ESA, and Clusters for AIX and
Linux:
v The Internet. You can access IBM message explanations directly from the LookAt
Web site at http://www.ibm.com/eserver/zseries/zos/bkserv/lookat/.
v Your z/OS TSO/E host system. You can install code on your z/OS or z/OS.e
systems to access IBM message explanations, using LookAt from a TSO/E
command line (for example, TSO/E prompt, ISPF, or z/OS UNIX System
Services).
v Your Microsoft Windows workstation. You can install code to access IBM
message explanations on the z/OS Collection (SK3T-4269), using LookAt from a
Microsoft Windows command prompt (also known as the DOS command line).
v Your wireless handheld device. You can use the LookAt Mobile Edition with a
handheld device that has wireless access and an Internet browser (for example,
Internet Explorer for Pocket PCs, Blazer, or Eudora for Palm OS, or Opera for
Linux handheld devices). Link to the LookAt Mobile Edition from the LookAt Web
site.
You can obtain code to install LookAt on your host system or Microsoft Windows
workstation from a disk on your z/OS Collection (SK3T-4269), or from the LookAt
Web site (click Download, and select the platform, release, collection, and location
that suit your needs). More information is available in the LOOKAT.ME files
available during the download process.
Accessing z/OS licensed documents on the Internet

z/OS licensed documentation is available on the Internet in PDF format at the IBM
Resource Link Web site at:
http://www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink
Licensed documents are available only to customers with a z/OS license; access to
these documents requires an IBM Resource Link user ID and password, and a key
code. Based on which offering you chose (ServerPac, CBPDO, SystemPac),
information concerning the key code is available in the Installation Guide that is
delivered with z/OS and z/OS.e orders as follows:
v ServerPac Installing Your Order
v CBPDO Memo to Users Extension
v SystemPac Installation Guide
To obtain your IBM Resource Link user ID and password, log on to:
http://www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink
To register for access to the z/OS licensed documents:

1. Sign in to Resource Link using your Resource Link user ID and password.
2. Select User Profiles located on the left-hand navigation bar.
Note: You cannot access the z/OS licensed documents unless you have registered
for access to them and received an e-mail confirmation informing you that
your request has been processed.
Printed licensed documents are not available from IBM.
About this document
xxv
Preface
You can use the PDF format on either z/OS Licensed Product Library CD-ROM or
IBM Resource Link to print licensed documents.
IBM systems center publications

IBM systems centers produce documents known as red and orange books that can
help you set up and use RACF. These documents have not been subjected to any
formal review nor have they been checked for technical accuracy, but they
represent current product understanding (at the time of their publication) and
provide valuable information on a wide range of RACF topics. They are not shipped
with RACF; you must order them separately. A selected list of these documents
follows. Other documents are available, but they are not included in this list, either
because the information they present has been incorporated into IBM product
manuals or because their technical content is outdated.
G320-9279
GG22-9396
GG24-3378
GG24-3451
GG24-3524
GG24-3970
GG24-3971
GG24-3972
GG24-3984
GG24-4282
GG24-4453
GG26-2005
GC28-1210
SG24-4704
SG24-4820
SG24-5158
SG24-5339
Systems Security Publications Bibliography

Tutorial: Options for Tuning RACF
DFSMS and RACF Usage Considerations
Introduction to System and Network Security: Considerations, Options, and
Techniques
Network Security Involving the NetView Family of Products
Elements of Security: RACF Overview - Student Notes
Elements of Security: RACF Installation - Student Notes
Elements of Security: RACF Advanced Topics - Student Notes
RACF Macros and Exit Coding
Secured Single Signon in a Client/Server Environment
Enhanced Auditing Using the RACF SMF Data Unload Utility
RACF Support for Open Systems Technical Presentation Guide
System/390 MVS Sysplex Hardware and Software Migration
OS/390 Security Services and RACF-DCE Interoperation
OS/390 Security Server Audit Tool and Report Application
Ready for e-business: OS/390 Security Server Enhancements
The OS/390 Security Server Meets Tivoli: Managing RACF with Tivoli
Security Products
Other sources of information

IBM provides customer-accessible discussion areas where RACF may be discussed
by customer and IBM participants. Other information is also available through the
Internet.
IBM discussion areas

IBM provides ibm.servers.mvs.racf newsgroup for discussion of RACF-related
topics. You can find this newsgroup on news (NNTP) server news.software.ibm.com
using your favorite news reader client.
Internet sources
The following resources are available through the Internet to provide additional
information about the RACF library and other security-related topics:
v Online library
To view and print online versions of the z/OS publications, use this address:
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/bkserv/
v Redbooks
xxvi
Preface
The documents known as Redbooks that are produced by the International
Technical Support Organization (ITSO) are available at the following address:
http://www.ibm.com/redbooks/
v Enterprise systems security

For more information about security on the S/390 platform, OS/390, and z/OS,
including the elements that comprise the Security Server, use this address:
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/security/
v RACF home page

You can visit the RACF home page on the World Wide Web using this address:
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/racf/
v RACF-L discussion list

Customers and IBM participants may also discuss RACF on the RACF-L
discussion list. RACF-L is not operated or sponsored by IBM; it is run by the
University of Georgia.
To subscribe to the RACF-L discussion and receive postings, send a note to:
[email protected]
Include the following line in the body of the note, substituting your first name and
last name as indicated:
subscribe racf-l first_name last_name
To post a question or response to RACF-L, send a note, including an appropriate

Subject: line, to:
[email protected]
v Sample code
You can get sample code, internally-developed tools, and exits to help you use
RACF. This code works in our environment, at the time we make it available, but
is not officially supported. Each tool or sample has a README file that describes
the tool or sample and any restrictions on its use.
To access this code from a Web browser, go to the RACF home page and select
the Downloads topic from the navigation bar, or go to
www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/racf/goodies.html .
The code is also available from ftp.software.ibm.com through anonymous FTP.
To get access:
1. Log in as user anonymous.
2. Change the directory, as follows, to find the subdirectories that contain the
sample code or tool you want to download:
cd eserver/zseries/zos/racf/
An announcement will be posted on the RACF-L discussion list and on

newsgroup ibm.servers.mvs.racf whenever something is added.
Note: Some Web browsers and some FTP clients (especially those using a
graphical interface) might have problems using ftp.software.ibm.com
because of inconsistencies in the way they implement the FTP protocols.
If you have problems, you can try the following:
Try to get access by using a Web browser and the links from the
RACF home page.
Use a different FTP client. If necessary, use a client that is based on
command line interfaces instead of graphical interfaces.
If your FTP client has configuration parameters for the type of remote
system, configure it as UNIX instead of MVS.
About this document
xxvii
Preface
Restrictions
Because the sample code and tools are not officially supported,
There are no guaranteed enhancements.
No APARs can be accepted.
To request copies of IBM publications

Direct your request for copies of any IBM publication to your IBM representative or
to the IBM branch office serving your locality.
There is also a toll-free customer support number (1-800-879-2755) available
Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. through 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time. You can
use this number to:
v Order or inquire about IBM publications
v Resolve any software manufacturing or delivery concerns
v Activate the program reorder form to provide faster and more convenient ordering
of software updates
xxviii
Summary of changes
Summary of changes
for SA22-7683-06
z/OS Version 1 Release 6
This document contains information previously presented in z/OS Security Server
RACF Security Administrators Guide, SA22-7683-05, which supports z/OS Version
1 Release 6.
New information
v RRSF Considerations for JES Security on page 416
Changed information
v Technical clarifications and corrections in support of Common Criteria
v Updates suggested by reader comments.
Summary of changes
for SA22-7683-05
1 Release 5.
New information
v Chapter 8, Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT), on page
287
v Renewing an expiring certificate on page 583
v Scenario 6: Enabling Secure Outbound FTP and Scenario 7: Sharing One
Certificate Between Multiple Servers on page 600
v Chapter 25, RACF and z/OS LDAP Server, on page 623
v Chapter 26, Password enveloping, on page 627
Changed information
v Table 19 on page 215 contains information about new command operands and
the new CDTINFO segment.
v Chapter 13, Controlling Access to DB2 Objects, on page 419 includes
information on new DB2 classes and privileges.
v Supplied digital certificates on page 588 contains information about new
supplied certificates.
v Appendix A, Supplied class descriptor table entries, on page 639 includes new
classes.
v Appendix B, Summary of RACF Commands and Authorities, on page 649
includes new functions.
v Appendix C, RACF Profile Summaries, on page 661 includes new options.
v Appendix D, RACF External Security Module: Authorization Checking, on page
675 includes information on new DB2 classes and privileges.
v RACF Glossary on page 749 includes new terms.
xxix
Preface
This document includes terminology, maintenance, and editorial changes. Technical
changes or additions to the text and illustrations are indicated by a vertical line to
the left of the change.
You may notice changes in the style and structure of some content in this bookfor
example, headings that use uppercase for the first letter of initial words only, and
procedures that have a different look and format. The changes are ongoing
improvements to the consistency and retrievability of information in our books.
Summary of changes
for SA22-7683-04
1 Release 4.
New information
v Controlling the write-down Privilege on page 103
v Restricting Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories (MLFSOBJ Option) on
page 139
v Restricting Access to Interprocess Communication Objects (MLIPCOBJ Option)
on page 139
v Using Name-hiding (MLNAMES Option) on page 140
v Activating Security Labels by System Image (SECLBYSYSTEM Option) on
page 140
v Program access to SERVAUTH resources in BASIC or ENHANCED mode on
page 319
Changed information
v The following topics were updated to support the multilevel-secure environment:
Understanding Security Labels on page 99
SETROPTS Options Related to Security Labels on page 135
Program security modes on page 305
Security Label Authorization Checking on page 736
Authorizing Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories on page 730
information on new DB2 classes and privileges and includes support for APARs
OW57299 and PQ68177.
v z/OS UNIX performance considerations on page 542 includes support for APAR
OA02721.
classes.
675 includes information on new DB2 classes and privileges and includes
support for APARs OW57299 and PQ68177.
xxx
Preface
v Appendix F, Debugging Problems in the RACF Database, on page 715 includes
information on authorization checking for multilevel secure environments.
v RACF Glossary on page 749 includes new terms.
Deleted information
v Some information that was previously presented in Chapter 4, Classifying Users
and Data, on page 95 and Appendix F, Debugging Problems in the RACF
Database, on page 715 is now presented in z/OS Planning for Multilevel
Security and the Common Criteria.
This document includes terminology, maintenance, and editorial changes.
Summary of changes
for SA22-7683-03
1 Release 3.
New information
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Defining an LDAPBIND class profile on page 623

Chapter 9, Protecting Programs, on page 303
Controlling the use of shared UNIX identities on page 537
Enabling automatic assignment of UNIX identities on page 538
Configuring the group owner for new UNIX files on page 548
Chapter 24, Configuring z/OS to participate in an EIM domain, on page 621
Information is added to indicate this document supports z/OS.e.
Changed information
v Reports Based on the Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) on page 359
includes new reports.
v Table 29 on page 366 includes new record types.
v Glossary term updates
Moved information
v A new chapter, Chapter 9, Protecting Programs, on page 303, contains some
information that was previously presented in Chapter 7, Protecting General
Resources, on page 193.
Summary of changes
for SA22-7683-02
This document contains information previously presented in z/OS SecureWay
Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide, SA22-7683-01, which
supports z/OS Version 1 Release 2.
Summary of changes
xxxi
Preface
New information
v Storing encryption keys using the KEYSMSTR class on page 284
v Supplied digital certificates on page 588
v Controlling applications that invoke R_cacheserv on page 615
v Controlling applications that invoke R_proxyserv on page 619
v An appendix with z/OS product accessibility information has been added.
Moved information
v Storing encryption keys using the KEYSMSTR class on page 284 contains
some information that was previously presented in Single Signon Support for
DCE on page 450.
v A new chapter, Chapter 23, Controlling applications that invoke callable
services, on page 611, contains some information that was previously presented
in the following chapters:
Chapter 7, Protecting General Resources, on page 193
Chapter 14, RACF and DCE, on page 447
Chapter 20, RACF and z/OS UNIX, on page 533
Chapter 21, RACF and Digital Certificates, on page 555
Chapter 22, RACF and z/OS Security Server Network Authentication
Service, on page 603
Summary of changes
for SA22-7683-01
This document contains information previously presented in z/OS SecureWay
Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide, SA22-7683-00, which
supports z/OS Version 1 Release 1.
New information
v Defining Large Groups with the UNIVERSAL Attribute on page 54
v Limiting the Size of Your Access Lists on page 205
v Using RACFVARS with Mixed-Case Classes on page 230
v Using IRRDBU00 with Universal Groups on page 353
v Processing Universal Groups on page 384
v CREATE VIEW Privilege on page 432
v SETROPTS KERBLVL processing on page 606
v Java archive (JAR) privileges on page 684
Changed information
v User Profiles on page 62 includes new segments and new fields.
v Reports Based on the Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) on page 359
includes new reports supporting universal groups.
v Table 29 on page 366 includes new record types.
v Using the RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) on page 372 includes
information on new general resource classes.
information on new DB2 classes.
xxxii
Preface
v Chapter 22, RACF and z/OS Security Server Network Authentication Service,
on page 603 includes information on new key encryption options.
classes.
675 includes information on new DB2 classes.
This document includes terminology, maintenance, and editorial changes, including
changes to improve consistency and retrievability.
Summary of changes
xxxiii
xxxiv
Chapter 1. Introduction
How RACF Meets Security Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Identification and Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Accountability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What RACF Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How Users and Groups Are Authorized to Access Resources . . . . .
RACF Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementing Multilevel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multilevel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Characteristics of a Multilevel-Secure Environment . . . . . . . . . .
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resource Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Identification and Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auditability of Security-Related Events . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delegating Administration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering Security When a VM System Shares the RACF Database . .
Using RACF Commands or Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing between Using RACF TSO Commands and ISPF Panels . .
RACF Group and User Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assigning Optional User Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assigning Group Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profiles Associated with Users and Groups . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting General Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation-Defined Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authority to Create Resource Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authority to Modify or Delete Resource Profiles . . . . . . . . . .
Owners of Resource Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table . . . . . . . . . .
Security Classification of Users and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting RACF Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Installation Exits to Customize RACF . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY, VERIFYX, AUTH, and DEFINE Exits
The RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH Exits . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF Command Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF Password Processing Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF Password Authentication Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tools for the Security Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Database Initialization Utility (IRRMIN00) . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Database Split/Merge/Extend Utility (IRRUT400) . . . . . . .
RACF Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) . . . . . . . . . . .
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Introduction
RACF Database Verification Utility (IRRUT200) .
RACF Cross-Reference Utility (IRRUT100) . .
RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) . . . . .
RACF SMF Data Unload Utility (IRRADU00) . .
RACF Block Update Command (BLKUPD) . . . .
Using the RACF Report Writer . . . . . . . .
Using the Data Security Monitor . . . . . . .
Recording Statistics in RACF Profiles . . . . .
Listing Information from RACF Profiles . . . . .
Searching for RACF Profile Names . . . . . .
Using the LIST and SEARCH Commands Effectively
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This chapter introduces you to using RACF to administer security on your system.
Over the past several years, it has become much easier to create and access
computerized information. No longer is system access limited to a handful of highly
skilled programmers; information can now be created and accessed by almost
anyone who takes a little time to become familiar with the newer, easier-to-use,
high-level inquiry languages. As a result of this improved ease of use, the number
of people using computer systems has increased dramatically. More and more
people are becoming increasingly dependent on computer systems and the
information they store in these systems.
As the general computer literacy and the number of people using computers has
increased, the need for data security has taken on a new level of importance. No
longer can the installation depend on keeping data secure simply because no one
knows how to access the data. Further, making data secure does not mean just
making confidential information inaccessible to those who should not see it; it
means preventing the inadvertent destruction of files by people who may not even
know that they are improperly manipulating data.
As the security administrator, it is your job to ensure that your installations data is
properly protected. RACF can help you do this.
How RACF Meets Security Needs

The RACF licensed program satisfies the preferences of the end user without
compromising any of the concerns raised by security personnel. The RACF
approach to data security is to provide an access control mechanism that:
U Offers effective user verification, resource authorization, and logging
capabilities
U Supports the concept of user accountability
U Is flexible
U Has little noticeable effect on the majority of end users, and little or no impact
on an installations current operation
U Is easy to install and maintain
User Identification and Verification

RACF controls access to and protects resources. For a software access control
mechanism to work effectively, it must first identify the person who is trying to gain
access to the system, and then verify that the user is really that person.
RACF uses a user ID and a system-encrypted password to perform its user
identification and verification. When you define a user to RACF, you assign a user
Introduction
ID and temporary password. The user ID identifies the person to the system as a
RACF user. The password verifies the users identity.
The temporary password permits initial entry to the system, at which time the
person is required to choose a new password. Unless the user divulges it, no one
else knows the user ID-password combination.
During terminal processing, RACF allows the use of an operator identification card
(OIDCARD) in place of, or in addition to, the password. (The OIDCARD information
is also encrypted.) By requiring a user to know both the correct password and the
correct OIDCARD, you have increased assurance that the proper user has entered
the user ID.
The secured signon function provides an alternative to the RACF password called a
PassTicket, which allows workstations and client machines to communicate with a
host without using a RACF password. Using this function can enhance security
across a network. For more information, see Using the Secured Signon Function
on page 240.
Authorization Checking
Having identified a valid user, the software access control mechanism must next
control interaction between the user and the system resources. It must authorize
not only what resources that user may access, but also in what way the user may
access them, such as for reading only, or for updating as well as reading. This
controlled interaction, or authorization checking, is shown in Figure 1 on page 4.
Before this activity can take place, however, someone with the proper authority at
the installation must establish the constraints that govern those interactions.
With RACF, you are responsible for protecting the system resources (data sets,
tape and DASD volumes, IMS and CICS transactions, TSO logon information, and
terminals) and for issuing the authorities by which those resources are made
available to users. RACF records your assignments in profiles stored in the RACF
database. RACF then refers to the information in the profiles to decide if a user
should be permitted to access a system resource.
Introduction
Operating System
(2)
(1)
(3)
Resource
Manager
User
Request
(7)
RACROUTE
Interface
RACF
(5)
(6)
(4)
RACF
Database
or
in-storage
data
(1) User requests access to a resource using a

resource manager (such as TSO/E, CICS, or IMS).
(4) ...checks the appropriate resource

profile.
(2) The resource manager issues a RACF request

to see if the user can access the resource.
In most cases, this is a RACROUTE macro.
In other cases, this is an independent RACF macro.
(5) Based on the information in the

profile...
(3) RACF refers to the RACF database

(or profiles copied into storage
from the RACF database) and...
(6) ...RACF passes the status of the request

(the user can or cannot access the
resource as intended) to the resource
manager.
(7) The resource manager grants (or denies)
the user request.
Figure 1. RACF Authorization Checking
Logging and Reporting

The ability to log information, such as attempted accesses to a resource, and to
generate reports containing that information can prove useful to a resource owner,
and is very important to a smoothly functioning security system.
Because RACF can identify and verify a users user ID and recognize which
resources the user can access, RACF can record the events where user-resource
interaction has been attempted. This function records actual access activities or
variances from the expected use of the system.
RACF has a number of logging and reporting functions that allow a resource owner
to identify users who attempt to access the resource. In addition, you and your
auditor can use these functions to log all detected successful and unsuccessful
attempts to access the RACF database and RACF-protected resources. Logging all
access attempts allows you to detect possible security exposures or threats. The
logging and reporting functions are:
v Logging: RACF writes records to the system management facility (SMF) for
detected, unauthorized attempts to enter the system. Optionally, RACF writes
records to SMF for authorized attempts and detected, unauthorized attempts to:
Access RACF-protected resources
Issue RACF commands
Modify profiles on the RACF database
RACF writes these records to an SMF data set. To list SMF records, you can use
either the RACF SMF data unload utility (IRRADU00) or the RACF report writer.
Introduction
With the SMF data unload utility, you can translate the RACF SMF records
into a format you can browse or upload to a database, query, or reporting
package, such as DB2.
With the report writer, you can select RACF SMF records to produce the
reports. Because the RACF report writer was stabilized at the RACF 1.9.2
level, it cannot produce reports for all records beyond that release.
You should keep in mind that, for each logging activity that RACF performs, there
is a corresponding increase in RACF and SMF processing.
For more information on logging and auditing, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Auditors Guide.For information on how to specify logging and auditing functions,
see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
v Sending Messages: RACF sends messages to the security console for
detected, unauthorized attempts to enter the system and for detected,
unauthorized attempts to access RACF-protected resources or modify profiles on
the RACF database.
As well as sending resource access violation messages only to the security
console, RACF allows you to send a message to a RACF-defined TSO user.
Each resource profile can contain the name of a user to be notified when RACF
denies access to the resource. If the user is not logged on to the system at the
time of the violation, the user receives the message when logging on.
If you are auditing access attempts, and you have selected the RACF function
that issues a warning message instead of failing an invalid access attempt (to
allow for a more orderly migration to a RACF-protected system), RACF records
each attempted access. For each access attempt that would have failed, RACF
sends a warning message (ICH408I) to the accessor, but allows the access. If a
notify user is specified in the resource profile, RACF also sends a message to
that user.
v Keeping Statistical Information: Optionally, RACF can keep selected statistical
information, such as the date, time, and number of times that a user enters the
system and the number of times a single user accesses a specific resource. This
information can help the installation analyze and control its computer operations
more effectively. In addition, to allow the installation to track and maintain control
over its users and resources, RACF provides commands that enable the
installation to list the contents of the profiles in the RACF database.
User Accountability
Individual accountability should probably be one of your installations prime security
objectives. A user who can be held individually accountable for actions is less likely
to make mistakes or take other actions that might disrupt or compromise operations
at your installation.
When an individual user accesses the system through a terminal, the concept of
individual user identity is fairly obvious. With a group of production programs,
however, it may be less clear just who the user is. (Is it the application owner, the
job scheduling person, or the console operator?)
RACF offers you the ability to assign each user a unique identifier. (Of course,
whether you establish this degree of accountability in all cases is an installation
decision.)
In addition, RACF permits you to assign each user to one or more groups, which
are simply collections of users having common access requirements.
Introduction
RACF Users
A RACF user is identified by an alphanumeric user ID that RACF associates with
the user. Note, however, that a RACF user need not be an individual. For example,
a user ID can be associated with a started procedure. In addition, in many systems
today a user is equated with a function, rather than an individual. For example, a
service bureau customer may comprise several people who submit work as a single
user. Their jobs are simply charged to a single account number. From the security
standpoint, as mentioned before, equating a user ID with anything other than an
individual can be undesirable because individual accountability is lost. However, it is
up to the installation, through you, to decide how much individual accountability is
required.
RACF Groups
A RACF group is normally a collection of users with common access requirements.
As such, it is an administrative convenience, because it can simplify the
maintenance of access lists in resource profiles. By adding a user to a group, you
can give that user access to all of the resources that the group has access to.
Likewise, by removing a user from a group, you can prevent the user from
accessing those resources. You can also use groups as holding groups or data
control groups. For more information, see Defining RACF Groups on page 50.
The group concept is very flexible; a RACF group can be equated with almost any
logical entity, such as a project, department, application, service bureau customer,
operations group, or systems group. Further, individual users can be connected to
any number of groups. Membership and authority in these groups can be used to
control the scope of a users activity.
What RACF Controls

You can use RACF to control access to:
v The system. You can require that all users, including TSO users, MVS system
operators, and JES system operators (except operators on locally-attached JES3
consoles), log on and supply a password when logging on or submitting batch
jobs. You can also require that all users supply a security label when logging on
or submitting batch jobs.
v Many subsystems and applications, including:
JES, including job names, JES commands, consoles, JES input devices,
spool, writers (printers) and others
TSO
IMS
CICS
Storage Management Subsystem (SMS)
DB2
VTAM
APPC sessions
v Terminals
v MVS and JES consoles
v Data, including:
Catalogs
DASD and tape data sets
DASD and tape volumes
SYSIN and SYSOUT data on the JES spool
Message traffic
v Load modules (programs) for execution only, or copying as well
v IMS/CICS transactions
Introduction
v CICS files, journals, and so forth
v Installation-defined resources
v APPC transactions and other resources
For more information, see Protecting General Resources on page 21.
How Users and Groups Are Authorized to Access Resources

Basically, a users authority to access a resource while operating in a
RACF-protected system at any time is determined by a combination of these
factors:
v The users identity
v The users attributes
v The users group authorities
v The security classification of the user and the resource profile
v The access authority specified in the resource profile
Identity: When defining a user, the security administrator assigns a user ID
consisting of 18 characters. This is the user ID with which the user logs on to the
system (or submits a batch job). When a user attempts to access RACF-protected
resources, RACF uses the user ID to determine the users access to those
resources.
Attributes: The security administrator or a delegate can assign attributes to each
RACF-defined user. The attributes determine various extraordinary privileges and
limitations a user has when using the system. Attributes are classified as either
user-level attributes (or, simply, user attributes) or group-level attributes:
v User attributes: You can assign the SPECIAL, AUDITOR, OPERATIONS,
CLAUTH, GRPACC, ADSP, and REVOKE attributes at the system level. When
you assign attributes at the system level, the privileges and limitations apply
across the entire system. For detailed information about these attributes, see
Assigning Optional User Attributes on page 16 and User Attributes on page
73.
v Group-level attributes: When you assign an attribute at the group level, RACF
confines the privileges or limitations conveyed by the attribute to the group to
which it applies (and to resources, users, and groups that fall within the scope of
that group). For more information about the group-SPECIAL, group-AUDITOR,
and group-OPERATIONS attributes, see Assigning Optional User Attributes on
page 16 and User Attributes on page 73.
Group authorities: Each user that you define must be assigned (connected) to at
least one group (called the users default group). The security administrator or
group administrator can assign a specific level of group authority to each user of a
group. The group authorities are USE, CREATE, CONNECT, and JOIN.
If a user has USE group authority within a group, the user can access resources to
which the group is authorized.
CREATE, CONNECT, and JOIN also enable the user to access resources to which
the group is authorized. However, these group authorities also give the user
administrative responsibilities and privileges. The USE, CREATE, CONNECT, and
JOIN group authorities are described in detail in Defining RACF Groups on page
50.
Introduction
If a user is added to a RACF group (via the CONNECT command) after that user
has already logged on, that user will have to log off and log back on to have
authority based on that group when accessing resources in classes that have been
RACLISTed.
If a user is deleted from a RACF group (via the REMOVE command) after that user
is already logged on, that user will have to log off and log back on to not have
authority based on that group when accessing resources in classes that have been
RACLISTed.
Security classification: Each user and each resource can have a security
classification specified in its profile. The security classification can be a security
level, one or more security categories, or both. A security label is an
installation-defined name that refers to a combination of a security level and zero or
more security categories. A security level is an installation-defined name that
corresponds to a numerical security level (the higher the number, the higher the
security level). A security category is an installation-defined name corresponding to
a department or an area within an organization that has similar security
requirements.
When a user requests access to a resource that has a security classification, RACF
compares the security classification of the user with the security classification of the
resource. For more information on security classifications, see Chapter 4,
Classifying Users and Data, on page 95.
Access authority: The access authority determines to what extent the specified
user or group can use the resource. The owner of a profile protecting a data set or
general resource (such as a tape volume or terminal) can grant or deny a user or
group access to that resource by including the user ID or group name in the
resource profiles access list. Associated with each user ID or group name is an
access authority that determines whether the user or group can access the
resource, and if they can access the resource, how they can use it.
The access authorities are NONE, EXECUTE, READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, and
ALTER (see Table 52 on page 657).
For data set profiles and profiles in the SERVAUTH class, an entry in the access list
may also contain the name of a program that is associated with the user ID and the
access authority. In this case, the user must be executing that program to access
the resource. For more information, see Program access to data sets (PADS) in
BASIC mode on page 314 and Program access to SERVAUTH resources in
BASIC or ENHANCED mode on page 319.
For general resource profiles, an entry in the access list may also contain the name
of a RACF-defined terminal, console, JES input device, partner LU, or SERVAUTH
resource (representing the name of a network security zone) that is associated with
the user ID and the access authority. In this case, the user must be using the
terminal, console, JES input device, partner LU name, or SERVAUTH resource to
access the resource. For more information, see Conditional Access Lists for
General Resource Profiles on page 205.
Each resource also has a universal access authority (UACC) associated with it. The
UACC can be NONE, EXECUTE, READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, or ALTER. The
UACC is the access authority allowed to any group or non-restricted user who is
not authorized in the access list. UACC applies to all users, whether or not they are
Introduction
RACF-defined, unless they are defined with the RESTRICTED attribute. For
information about assigning the RESTRICTED attribute, see Defining Restricted
User IDs on page 88.
Using ID(*) on the Access List: If you have some users who are not defined to
RACF, you can use the ID(*) entry on the access list instead of UACC to ensure
that only RACF-defined users, except those with the RESTRICTED attribute, can
access the resource. The following examples illustrate the difference between
UACC(READ) and ID(*) ACCESS(READ):
v To allow all users on the system to use a terminal, specify UACC(READ) for the
profile, as follows:
RDEFINE TERMINAL profile-name UACC(READ)
v To allow only RACF-defined users on the system to use a terminal, specify

UACC(NONE) for the profile, then issue the PERMIT command with ID(*) and
ACCESS(READ) specified:
RDEFINE TERMINAL profile-name UACC(NONE)
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(TERMINAL) ID(*) ACCESS(READ)
Neither the ID(*) entry on the access list nor the UACC is used to allow a
restricted user to access a RACF-protected resource.
RACF Profiles
As the security administrator or a delegate defines authorized users, groups, and
protected resources, RACF builds profiles, which contain the information RACF
uses to control access to the protected resources. Each profile is owned by a user
or group. (By default, the owner of a profile is the user who creates it.)
You can work with the following types of profiles:
v User profiles
v Group profiles
v Data set profiles
v General resource profiles
User and group profiles contain descriptions of the authorized users of a
RACF-protected system. Data set and general resource profiles contain descriptions
of the resources and the levels of authority that are necessary to access these
resources.
Flexibility
Because the security requirements at every installation differ, RACF is flexible
enough to assist each installation in meeting its own security objectives. There are
a number of ways RACF accomplishes this:
v Administrative control: RACF allows you a wide range of choices in controlling
access to your installations resources. RACF allows you to use either centralized
or decentralized administration techniques by permitting you to delegate
authority, establish appropriate group ownership structures, and specify various
group-related user attributes. In addition, RACF provides a wide range of
processing options and installation exits.
All RACF command functionsexcept those performed by SET, TARGET,
RVARY, the RACF report writer command (RACFRW), and the block update
command (BLKUPD)have Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) entry
panels and associated help panels. These panels make it easy to enter
command options on TSO.
Introduction
v Generic profiles: RACF generic profiles allow you, your group administrators,
and other users to define profiles that consolidate the security requirements of
several similarly-named resources that have the same access requirements.
v Protection of installation-defined classes: RACF allows you to protect your
own installation-defined resource classes. To do this, you can add entries to the
class descriptor table (CDT) for the new classes, create profiles in the class, and,
when a user requests access to a resource (or takes an action you wish to
control), issue the RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH macro from your application to
check authorization. You can control which users and groups can access each
resource in the class by defining profiles in the class. The profiles can include
access lists and other information such as auditing, security labels, and so forth,
as with profiles in the CDT classes supplied by IBM.
See Appendix A, Supplied class descriptor table entries, on page 639 for a
description of each CDT class supplied by IBM. See Chapter 8, Administering
the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT), on page 287 for details about
creating installation-defined resource classes.
v Installation exits: RACF installation exits allow you to tailor RACF to specific
needs of your installation. For more information, see Using RACF Installation
Exits to Customize RACF on page 24.
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Because of RACFs flexible design, you and your technical support personnel can
tailor RACF to operate smoothly within the local operating environment.
RACF Transparency
No users want their data destroyed or altered by other individuals (or themselves)
except when they specifically intend it. Unfortunately, users of all types are often
reluctant to take steps to protect what they have created. It is not uncommon to see
live data used as test data, or to see data deliberately under-classified to avoid
having to use the security procedures that the appropriate classification would
demand. In many cases, people find it easier to ignore security procedures than to
use them. Even conscientious users can forget to protect a critical piece of data.
The solution to implementing effective security measures, then, is to provide a
security system that is transparent (painless) to the user.
With RACF, end users need not be aware that their data is being protected for
them. Security and group administrators can use generic profiles to make using
RACF transparent to the majority of the installations end users. Administrators can
also use profile modelling to enhance RACFs transparency.
Implementing Multilevel Security

If your installations computing system must implement multilevel security, RACF
can help. For detailed information, see z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the
Common Criteria.
Multilevel Security
The United States Department of Defense (DoD) has established security criteria
for its computer systems and for those systems that perform government work
under contract. Each system is evaluated and awarded a security rating, depending
on the extent the system protects resources and its own processing.
10
Introduction
Although IBM does not claim compliance with any particular criteria, the multilevel
security (MLS) functions of a z/OS Version 1 Release 5 system are designed to
provide a high level of security. See z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the
Common Criteria for details.
Characteristics of a Multilevel-Secure Environment

The security policy that you implement in a multilevel-secure environment has as its
key feature a system of access controls that not only prevents individuals from
accessing information at a classification for which they are not authorized, but also
prevents individuals from declassifying information. The system must protect
resources of different levels of sensitivity.
These are the key aspects of a multilevel-secure environment:
v Mandatory access control (MAC)
v Security labels
v Discretionary access control (DAC)
v Resource reuse
v Identification and authentication
v Auditing
Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

Mandatory access control is a method of limiting access to resources based on the
sensitivity of the information that the resource contains and the authorization of the
user to access information with that level of sensitivity.
You define the sensitivity of the resource by means of a security label. The security
label is composed of a security level and zero or more security categories. The
security level indicates a level or hierarchical classification of the information (for
example, Restricted, Confidential, or Internal). The security category defines the
category or group to which the information belongs (such as Project A or Project B).
Users can access only the information in a resource to which their security labels
entitle them. If the users security label does not have enough authority, the user
cannot access the information in the resource.
Security Labels
Security labels can be associated with all users and resources in the system. The
system uses these labels to determine if access to a resource is allowed under the
mandatory access control (MAC) rules. Security labels, maintained in the RACF
database, are usually defined by the security administrator and can be changed
only by that person.
When a resource is exported to a device attached to a system, the security label of
the resource remains in effect. Whether the resource resides on a single-level
device, such as a tape drive that does not process information at different levels of
security concurrently, or a multilevel device, which is able to process data at
different security levels concurrently, the system continues to associate the security
label with the resource.
The system provides security labels on each page of print output as a default. The
system allows a user to request that no security labels be printed; however, the
system is able to audit all such requests.
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Discretionary access control is a method of limiting access to resources (such as
data sets) based on the identity of users or groups to which the users belong. DAC
11
Introduction
protects all system resources from unauthorized access down to a single user. A
user who does not have permission to access a resource can be granted this
permission by the resources owner.
Resource Reuse
Resource reuse is a practice that ensures all system resources (such as tape data
sets) that are reused, reassigned, or reallocated are purged of all residual data,
including encrypted data, belonging to the former owner.
Identification and Authentication

Identification and authentication is a method of enforcing individual accountability by
providing a way for each user to be uniquely identified. Users must then have their
identity associated with any security-related, audited action they might take.
Auditability of Security-Related Events

Auditability of security-related events is the recording of facts that describe a
security-related event in a computing system. These facts include the time and date
of the event, the name of the event, the name of the system resources affected by
the event, the name of the user who invoked the event, and so forth. The following
characteristics are also important:
v An audit record contains the audited resources security label.
v More selective options are available for audit reports.
v The system can audit any override of labeling on printed output.
Administering Security
The security administrators job can range from helping high-level management
initially define corporate security policy to authorizing individual end users to access
RACF-protected resources. As security administrator, you are responsible for
implementing RACF at your installation. You have the authority to review and
approve all implementation phases, select the resources to be protected, and plan
the order in which protection is implemented. You are the authority for all RACF
implementation questions. You decide the degree to which decentralization of
security controls takes place. You create profiles for the implementation team, select
the team members, and direct their efforts.
Delegating Administration Tasks

Although you have responsibility for overall security at your installation, you can
decentralize much of the security operation by delegating various RACF security
responsibilities to assistants. You can appoint:
v Group Administrators: Group administrators have many of the duties and
responsibilities of a security administrator, but at a less inclusive level. Typically,
a group administrator is responsible for defining the access requirements for the
resources belonging to a single group. In some cases, the group administrator
may delegate responsibilities in the same way as you delegated yours.
v Technical Support: The technical support person is typically a system
programmer whose job is to install operating systems, apply fixes to problems in
the operating systems, and write necessary programs to interface between
operating system programs and application programs. The technical support
person is responsible for providing you with technical assistance, installing and
maintaining RACF, and extending RACF to meet installation needs, as you direct.
Technical support activities can include maintaining the RACF database.
v Auditor: The auditor supports the security implementation by ensuring that the
levels of protection are adequate and that security exposures are reduced or
12
Introduction
eliminated. In addition, the auditor monitors operations to ensure that security
procedures are being carried out properly.
In certain installations, it is possible that some of these functions might be
combined. Further, the amount of delegation varies from installation to installation.
In some installations, there may be much delegation of authority, and there may be
more than one technical support person or more than two levels of group
administrators. Similarly, other roles may differ somewhat from the way they are
described in this publication.
For details about defining profiles to delegate administration tasks, see Planning for
Profiles in the FACILITY Class on page 218.
Administering Security When a VM System Shares the RACF Database

The Security Server can be installed and run only on z/OS and OS/390 systems.
However, your installation can share the RACF database with a VM system on
which RACF is running. A RACF database that is shared with a VM system can
contain information about users and resources that is relevant only to that VM
system. Although you can perform some RACF administration tasks for your VM
system by using commands you issue on z/OS or OS/390, this library does not try
to describe those tasks. For complete information about administering RACF on
VM, see the RACF publications that apply to the RACF release you are running.
If your installation is sharing the RACF database with a VM system running RACF
Version 1.10.0 or later, administration for OpenExtensions VM users and groups
can be performed from your z/OS or OS/390 systems. Note that changing
OpenExtensions VM user identifiers (UIDs) and group identifiers (GIDs) creates
corresponding updates in the VMPOSIX class profiles.
Using RACF Commands or Panels

After you have planned for RACF implementation (see Chapter 2, Organizing for
RACF Implementation, on page 35), you can perform security and group
administration tasks by using various RACF commands. For example, you can use
the ADDGROUP command to define a new group as a subgroup of an existing
group; you can use the ADDUSER command to define a new user and connect the
user to the users default group; you can use the ADDSD command to protect a
DASD data set, and so on. (Sample command sequences are given throughout this
book for administrative tasks. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for the attributes and authorities you need to use RACF commands.)
The RACF commands include operands with which you specify the various user
attributes, group authorities, and access authorities. RACF places the information it
receives from the commands into various profiles (user, group, data set, and
general resource profiles), which it keeps in the RACF database and uses to control
subsequent access to resources.
As an alternative to using RACF commands to perform administration tasks, you
can use RACFs ISPF panels if the ISPF product is installed at your location. If you
use the panels, you dont need to memorize command or operand names; you only
need to complete the appropriate information on the proper panels.
Choosing between Using RACF TSO Commands and ISPF

Panels
In general, you can perform the same RACF functions using RACF TSO commands
and ISPF panels.
13
Introduction
The RACF TSO commands provide the following advantages:
v Entering commands can be faster than displaying many panels in sequence.
v Using commands from book descriptions should be relatively straightforward. The
examples in the books are generally command examples.
v Getting online help for RACF TSO commands
You can get online help for the RACF TSO commands documented in z/OS
Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
To see online help for the PERMIT command, for example, enter:
HELP PERMIT
To limit the information displayed, specify operands on the HELP command.

For example, to see only the syntax of the PERMIT command, enter:
HELP PERMIT SYNTAX
Note: TSO online help is not available when RACF commands are entered as
RACF operator commands.
v Getting message ID information
If a RACF TSO command fails, you will receive a message. If you do not get a
message ID, enter:
PROFILE MSGID
Reenter the RACF TSO command that failed. The message appears with the
message ID. See the z/OS Security Server RACF Messages and Codes for help
if the message ID starts with ICH or IRR.
Note: PROFILE MSGID cannot be entered as a RACF operator command.
The ISPF panels provide the following advantages:
v When you use the panels, you avoid having to memorize a command and type it
correctly. Panels can be especially useful if the command is complex or you
perform a task infrequently.
v ISPF creates in the ISPF log a summary record of the work that you do. Unless
you use the TSO session manager, the RACF commands do not create such a
record.
v From the panels, you can press the HELP key to display brief descriptions of the
fields on the panels.
v The options chosen when installing the RACF panels determine whether output
(for example, profile listings, search results, and RACF options) is displayed in a
scrollable form.
v The ISPF panels for working with password rules allow you to enter all of the
password rules on one panel. Figure 2 on page 15 shows one of these panels.
14
Introduction
RACF - SET PASSWORD FORMAT RULES

COMMAND ===>
_
Enter PASSWORD FORMAT RULES:
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
LENGTH
LENGTH
FORMAT
RULE 1: __
__
________
RULE 2: __
__
________
RULE 3: __
__
________
RULE 4: __
__
________
RULE 5: __
__
________
RULE 6: __
__
________
RULE 7: __
__
________
RULE 8: __
__
________
To cancel an existing rule, enter NO for MINIMUM LENGTH.
To specify FORMAT, use the following codes for each character position:
* = Any character
A = Alphabetic
C = Consonant
V = Vowel
W = No Vowel
N = Numeric
L = Alphanumeric
Figure 2. Sample ISPF Panel for RACF
RACF Group and User Structure

Two of the fundamental elements of RACF are users and groups. Users, of course,
are the many people who log on to a system, each with a unique user ID.
Administration of a small number of users is not too difficult. However, when there
are thousands of users, administration becomes a very large task. To make this
task more manageable, the concept of groups was developed.
A group is a RACF entity with which any number of users are associated. Usually,
the users in a group have some logical relationship to one another. The relationship
used most frequently is members of a department. Many installations pattern their
group-user structure after their organization charts.
At the top of the RACF group-user structure is a group called SYS1. When you
install RACF, it defines this group for you. The SYS1 group is the highest group in
the total RACF group-user structure. You can define your system administrator and
system auditor as members of this group. The system administrator has the
SPECIAL attribute and the system auditor has the AUDITOR attribute. The
significance of SPECIAL and group-SPECIAL and AUDITOR and group-AUDITOR,
and the differences between them, are described in later sections.
Defining Users and Groups

You define users to RACF by issuing RACF commands that include various user
attributes, as well as other control information that RACF uses. The following are
some of the commands you might use in your user-definition tasks. For a more
complete description of the process of defining users, see Defining Users on page
61. For complete descriptions of RACF commands, see the z/OS Security Server
RACF Command Language Reference.
Commands for User Administration
ADDUSER
Add a user profile to RACF.
ALTUSER
Change a users RACF profile.
CONNECT
Connect a user to a group.
15
Introduction
DELUSER
Delete a user profile from RACF and remove connection to all

groups.
REMOVE
Remove a user from a group and assign a new owner for group
data sets owned by the removed user.
LISTUSER
Display the contents of a users profile.
PERMIT
Permit a user to access a resource (or deny access to a resource).
PASSWORD
Change a users password.
In addition to defining individual users, you can define groups of users. Group
members can share common access authorities to a protected resource.
One benefit of grouping users is that you can authorize the entire group, as a single
unit, to access a protected resource. Another benefit is that attributes such as
OPERATIONS can be assigned so that a given user has that attribute only when
connected to a specific group, and the attribute is only effective for resources within
the scope of that group.
The following are some of the commands you might use in your group-definition
tasks.
Commands for Group Administration
ADDGROUP
Define a new group (a subgroup of an existing group).
ALTGROUP
Assign a subgroup to a new superior group.
DELGROUP
Delete one or more groups.
LISTGRP
Display the contents of a group profile.
CONNECT
Connect a user to a group.
REMOVE
Remove a user from a group and assign a new owner for group
data sets owned by the removed user.
PERMIT
Permit a group of users to access a resource (or deny them access

to a resource).
Assigning Optional User Attributes

You can assign user attributes by specifying operands on RACF commands. User
attributes describe various extraordinary privileges, limitations, and processing
environments that can be assigned to specified users in a RACF-protected system.
You can assign user attributes at either the system level or at the group level. When
assigned at the system level, attributes are effective for the entire RACF-protected
system. When assigned at the group level, their effect is limited to profiles that are
within the scope of the group.
The scope of control of a group-level attribute percolates down through a
group-ownership structure from group to subgroup to subgroup, and so on.
Percolation is halted (and therefore the scope of control of the group-level attribute
is ended) when a subgroup is owned by a user instead of a superior group.
Figure 3 on page 17 shows an example of the scope of control of an attribute
assigned at the group level.
16
Introduction
Group-SPECIAL attribute
assigned at this level.
Scope of control includes

profiles of these groups,
users, and resources.
GROUP1
GROUP2
GROUP3
USER1
GROUP4
GROUP5
Figure 3. Scope of Control of an Attribute Assigned at the Group Level
Figure 3 shows a group ownership structure. In this figure, GROUP1 owns

GROUP2, GROUP2 owns GROUP3 and USER1, and so on. A user who is
connected to GROUP1 with the group-SPECIAL attribute has an explicit scope of
control as shown in the figure. That is, the user cannot modify any profiles owned
by GROUP5. Table 1 lists and describes attributes that can be assigned at the user
and group level. For a more complete description, see Chapter 3, Defining Groups
and Users, on page 49.
Table 1. User Attributes
User Attribute
Description
SPECIAL
When you assign it at the system level, the SPECIAL attribute gives the user full control over
all of the RACF profiles in the RACF database. At the system level, the SPECIAL attribute
allows the user to issue all RACF commands.
When you assign the SPECIAL attribute at the group level, the group-SPECIAL user has full
control over all of the resources that are within the scope of the group but cannot issue
RACF commands that would have a global effect on RACF processing.
17
Introduction
Table 1. User Attributes (continued)
User Attribute
Description
AUDITOR
When you assign it at the system level, the AUDITOR attribute gives the user full
responsibility for auditing the security controls and use of system resources across the entire
system. With the AUDITOR attribute at the system level, the user can specify logging options
on the RACF commands and list the auditing options of any profiles using the RACF
commands. In addition, the user can control additional logging to SMF for detecting changes
and attempts to change the RACF database and for detecting accesses and attempts to
access RACF-protected resources.
When you assign the AUDITOR attribute at the group level (that is, when you assign the
group-AUDITOR attribute), auditing authority is limited to resources that are within the scope
of the group.
OPERATIONS
When you assign the OPERATIONS attribute at the system level, the user can perform any
maintenance operations on RACF-protected resources, such as copying, reorganizing,
cataloging, and scratching data.
At the group-OPERATIONS level, authority to perform these operations is limited to resources
that are within the scope of the group.
CLAUTH
The CLAUTH (class authority) attribute allows the user to define profiles in a specific RACF
class. A user can have class authority for the USER class and any of the classes that are
defined in the class descriptor table (CDT). Examples of classes that IBM supplies in the
CDT are the TERMINAL class (for terminals) and the TAPEVOL class (for tape volumes). For
a list of valid class names, see Appendix A, Supplied class descriptor table entries, on page
639.
If the SETROPTS GENERICOWNER option is in effect, this authority is limited. See
Restricting the Creation of General Resource Profiles (GENERICOWNER Option) on page
114.
GRPACC
When a user with the GRPACC attribute creates a data set profile for a group data set,
RACF gives UPDATE access authority to other users in the group (if the user defining the
profile is a member of that group). A group data set is a data set whose high-level qualifier, or
the qualifier derived from the RACF naming convention table, is a RACF-defined group name.
ADSP
The ADSP attribute establishes an environment in which all permanent DASD data sets
created by this user are automatically defined to RACF and protected with a discrete profile.
ADSP can be assigned at the group level, in which case it is effective only when the user is
connected to that group.
REVOKE
The REVOKE attribute prevents the RACF-defined user from entering the system. REVOKE
can be assigned at the group level, in which case the user cannot enter the system and
connect to that group.
RESTRICTED
The RESTRICTED attribute prevents a user from gaining access to a protected resource,
other than a z/OS UNIX file system resource, unless the user is specifically authorized on the
access list. Global access checking, the ID(*) entry on the access list, and the UACC will not
be used to allow a restricted user to access a protected resource.
To prevent a restricted user from gaining access to a z/OS UNIX file system resource unless
specifically authorized, see Controlling access to file system resources for restricted users
on page 550.
Recommendation: You and your delegates should assign the SPECIAL, AUDITOR, and OPERATIONS attributes to
the minimum number of people necessary to administer security at your installation.
Assigning Group Authorities

Each user in a group may have different responsibilities for the group. These
responsibilities may include creating resource profiles to be used by the group and
adding new members to the group. You should assign a specific level of group
authority to the user that is based on the users responsibilities for administering
18
Introduction
and maintaining the group to which the user is connected. You can do this with the
ADDUSER, ALTUSER, or CONNECT command.
The group authorities you can assign to a user are (in order of least to most
authority): USE, CREATE, CONNECT, and JOIN. Each higher-level authority
includes the lower levels of authority. The group authorities are defined generally as
follows:
v The USE authority permits the user to access resources to which the group is
authorized.
v The CREATE authority permits the user to create group data set profiles.
v The CONNECT authority enables the user to add RACF-defined users to the
group.
v The JOIN authority enables the user to define new users and new groups.
For the specific details of each group authority, see Group Authorities on page 57.
Profiles Associated with Users and Groups

When you use RACF commands to define users and groups, the information RACF
gathers from these commands is stored in profiles and placed in the RACF
database. A general description of user and group profiles follows:
The User Profile: The user profile defines an individual user. Some of the things
the user profile can contain are:
v Information about the users identity, such as name and password (this can be
masked, or encoded using RACFs implementation of the DES algorithm)
v System-wide user attributes
v The name of the users default group
Whether the users security-related activities should be logged
How often the users password is to be changed
The users security categories, security level, and default security label
The name of an optional model profile RACF uses when a user creates new data
set profiles
v A TSO segment, which contains TSO logon information
v A DFP segment, which contains default DFP information for the user
v
v
v
v
v An OPERPARM segment, which contains initial information used when the user
enters an extended MCS console session
v A CICS segment, which contains initial information used when the user signs on
to CICS
v For z/OS UNIX, an OMVS segment, which contains z/OS UNIX information about
the user
v For OpenExtensions VM, an OVM segment, which contains OpenExtensions VM
information about the user
The Group Profile: The group profile defines a group. Some of the things the
group profile can contain are:
v Information about the group, such as who owns it and what subgroups it has
v Whether the group is a universal group
v For non-universal groups, a list of all connected users (members)
Note: Member lists for universal groups do not contain information about all
connected users, only those users with group authorities higher than USE,
19
Introduction
and those with the group-SPECIAL, group-OPERATIONS, or
group-AUDITOR attributes. For more information, see Defining Large
Groups with the UNIVERSAL Attribute on page 54.
v For non-universal groups, the group authorities of each member
v
v
v
v
Note: Information about members with group authority of USE is not available
for universal groups.
The name of an optional model profile RACF uses when a user creates new
group data set profiles
A DFP segment, which contains default DFP information for the group
For z/OS UNIX, an OMVS segment, which contains z/OS UNIX information about
the group
For OpenExtensions VM, an OVM segment, which contains OpenExtensions VM
information about the group
Protecting Resources
In the early releases of RACF, the only resources that were protected were data
sets. Over the years, enhancements to RACF, applications have broadened the
meaning of the term resource to include the following:
v Places in the system where data resides (such as data sets)
v Places in the system through which data passes during processing (such as
terminals)
v The functions by which users work with data (such as commands)
Using RACF, you can protect resources so that only authorized users can access
the resource in approved ways.
In general, you control access to a protected resource by creating a discrete or
generic profile.
Discrete profiles protect only one resource. The name of the profile identifies to
RACF which resource is protected. For example, a profile called
SMITH.REXX.EXEC in class DATASET would protect the data set named
SMITH.REXX.EXEC.
Generic profiles protect one or more resources that have the same security
requirements. In many cases, some of the characters in the resource names are
the same. For example, a profile called SMITH.** in class DATASET would protect
all of SMITHs data sets that did not have a more specific profile defined.
In most general resource classes, you can also provide a top generic profile that
protects all of the resources that are not otherwise protected.
Tip: A top generic profile for a class should have a profile name of ** (rather than *)
so that you can issue the RLIST command to display the profile itself.
Using generic profiles can greatly reduce the amount of RACF profile maintenance
done by a RACF administrator.
Examples of discrete and generic profiles are shown throughout this book.
Protecting Data Sets

RACF can protect the following kinds of data sets:
v VSAM data sets
20
Introduction
v
v
v
v
v
Data sets managed by the Storage Management Subsystem (SMS)

Cataloged and uncataloged non-VSAM DASD data sets
Tape data sets with standard labels
Data sets that have the same name but reside on different volumes
Generation data group (GDG) data sets
RACF protects data sets whether or not they are protected by passwords. When
both RACF protection and password protection are applied to a data set, access to
the data set is determined only through RACF authorization checking. That is,
password protection is bypassed.
RACF protection has an advantage over password protection. With RACF
protection, only authorized users can access the data set, With password
protection, any user who knows the password can access the data set. Also, users
can run jobs more easily using RACF protection because the system operator is not
prompted for data set passwords for RACF-protected data sets that are accessed
during a job.
To protect either a DASD or tape data set, a user issues the ADDSD command,
which creates a data set profile and stores it in the RACF database. Alternatively,
the user can specify the PROTECT=YES operand in the JCL or the PROTECT
operand on the TSO ALLOCATE command. For tape data sets, the user can also
predefine the tape volume using the RDEFINE command. (When protecting a tape
data set, RACF also creates, under certain circumstances, a profile for the tape
volume that contains the tape data set.)
You can protect data sets with either discrete or generic profiles. If a data set has
unique access-authorization or logging requirements, you should define a discrete
profile for it. If the requirements are the same for several data sets that share a
common name structure, you can define a generic profile that applies to all of the
data sets.
For information about protecting hierarchical file system (HFS) data in z/OS UNIX,
see Protecting file system resources on page 549.
Protecting General Resources

To protect a general resource, create a general resource profile using the RDEFINE
command. When you create a general resource profile, you must specify a general
resource class for the profile.
See Appendix A, Supplied class descriptor table entries, on page 639 for a list of
the general resource classes that IBM supplies in the class descriptor table (CDT).
The classes for z/OS and OS/390 systems are relevant to the system on which you
are running Security Server (RACF). The classes for VM systems are primarily
relevant if you share your RACF database with a VM system.
Installation-Defined Classes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can dynamically add new class descriptor table (CDT) entries or modify or
delete existing entries that you have added in the dynamic installation-defined CDT
by administering resources in the CDT resource class. See Chapter 8,
Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT), on page 287 for details.
If you need to administer installation-defined entries in the static CDT (module
ICHRRCDE), see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide and
consult your system programmer.
21
Introduction
When you define a new resource class, you can optionally designate that class as
either a resource group class or a resource member class. For a resource group
class, each user or group of users that is permitted access to that resource group is
permitted access to all members of the resource group. Note that for each resource
group class you create, you must also create a second class that represents the
members of the group.
RACF refers to the class descriptor table (CDT) when it needs to make a
class-related decision (such as, What is the maximum length of profile names?).
With the CDT and appropriate use of RACF authorization checking services, you
can extend RACF protection to any part of your system.
For more information on creating installation-defined classes, see Chapter 8,
Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT), on page 287.
|
|
Authority to Create Resource Profiles

Users can create data set profiles if any of the following is true:
v The high-level qualifier of the profile matches their user ID.
v A high-level qualifier matches a group in which they have CREATE authority.
v They have the SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL attribute.
Users can create general resource profiles if either of the following is true:
v They have the CLAUTH attribute for the class.
v They have the SPECIAL attribute.
For complete descriptions of the authorizations required for any RACF command,
see the description of the command in z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference.
If the SETROPTS GENERICOWNER option is in effect, further limitations apply.
See Restricting the Creation of General Resource Profiles (GENERICOWNER
Option) on page 114.
Authority to Modify or Delete Resource Profiles

To modify or delete a generic profile, you must meet at least one of the following
criteria:
v Own the profile or, for data set profiles, have a user ID that matches the
high-level qualifier of the profile name
v Have the SPECIAL attribute (or group-SPECIAL attribute, if applicable)
To modify a discrete profile, you must meet at least one of the following criteria:
v Own the profile or, for data set profiles, have a user ID that matches the
high-level qualifier of the profile name
v Have the SPECIAL attribute (or group-SPECIAL attribute, if applicable)
v Have ALTER authority to the profile
For complete descriptions of the required authorizations to any RACF command, or
if adding members, see the description of the command in z/OS Security Server
Owners of Resource Profiles

In general, when you create a RACF profile, you become the owner of the profile
unless you specify otherwise. You can choose to specify either a RACF group or a
RACF-defined user ID:
22
Introduction
v If you make a user the owner of the RACF profile, the user can modify, list, and
delete the profile, or name another user to become the owner.
v If you make a group the owner of a RACF profile, you extend the scope of the
group (and, in some cases, the scope of its superior groups) to the RACF profile.
If users have the group-SPECIAL, group-AUDITOR, or group-OPERATIONS
attributes in these groups, their authority extends to the new profile. Further, if
the profile is a group profile, the scope can extend to profiles owned by the group
itself.
For a list of the RACF commands that owners of resource profiles can issue, see
Table 53 on page 658.
The concept of ownership of any kind of RACF profile (user, group, or resource) is
different from other kinds of ownership:
v When a user attempts to access a protected resource, the user might be
considered an owner of the resource, and be given the equivalent of ALTER
access authority. This is true, for example, when a user opens a data set whose
high-level qualifier matches the users user ID.
v In data set profiles, you can specify a resource owner in the RESOWNER field.
This field is used when users allocate new SMS-managed data sets protected by
the profile. For more information, see Determining the Owner of an
SMS-Managed Data Set on page 520.
Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table

You can use global access checking to improve the performance of RACF
authorization checking for selected resources. For example, an entry in the global
access checking table can allow all of the users on the system to have READ
access to the SYS1.HELP data set.
The global access checking table is maintained in storage and is checked early in
the RACF authorization checking sequence. If an entry in the global access
checking table allows the requested access to a resource, RACF performs no
further authorization checking. This can eliminate the need for I/O to the RACF
database to retrieve a resource profile, which can result in substantial performance
improvements.
If an entry in the global access checking table allows a requested access to a
resource, no auditing is done for the request.
For information on planning and setting up the global access checking table, see
Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table on page 206.
Security Classification of Users and Data

Security classification of users and data allows installations to impose additional
access controls on sensitive resources. Each user and each resource can have a
security classification in its profile. You can choose among the following:
v Security levels, security categories, or both.
v You can use security labels, which are a combination of security levels and
security categories, and are easier to maintain.
For more information, see Multilevel Security on page 10 and Chapter 4,
Classifying Users and Data, on page 95.
23
Introduction
Selecting RACF Options

RACF options provide flexibility in the creation and administration of your RACF
security system. When implemented, RACF options can effectively enhance
performance and recovery.
The SETROPTS command activates many of the RACF system-wide options. For a
description of the SETROPTS options, as well as others, see Chapter 5, Specifying
RACF Options, on page 107.
Using RACF Installation Exits to Customize RACF

You can tailor RACF using various installation exits to bypass security checking or
perform additional security processing or checking. (Installation exits are perhaps
more in the realm of the technical support personnel and are discussed in detail in
z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.However, because you
are responsible for overall security control at the installation, it is necessary for you
to be aware of the use of installation exits.)
See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for complete
information on coding RACF installation exits. To obtain a report that describes the
RACF installation exits on your system, use the data security monitor (DSMON).
The RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY, VERIFYX, AUTH, and DEFINE

Exits
The RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY, REQUEST=AUTH, and REQUEST=DEFINE
macros perform user verification, access checking, and resource definition,
respectively. Preprocessing installation exits are available to tailor the parameters
specified by the REQUEST=VERIFY, REQUEST=AUTH, and REQUEST=DEFINE
macros or to perform any additional security checks. Postprocessing exits are
available to override or modify results of the RACF processing performed by these
three macros. Because several of the RACF commands use REQUEST=AUTH and
REQUEST=DEFINE when performing their functions, you can use the
REQUEST=AUTH and REQUEST=DEFINE exits for some command tailoring.
The RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST Exits

The RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro, used to build in-storage copies of
general resource profiles, has two exits: the preprocessing/postprocessing exit and
the selection exit. RACF calls the preprocessing/postprocessing exit before
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST processing to allow the installation to alter
REQUEST=LIST processing options and after REQUEST=LIST processing to
perform housekeeping. RACF calls the REQUEST=LIST selection exit to resolve
conflicts between new and existing profile information.
The RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH Exits

The RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH macro uses the profiles constructed in a
data space by the RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro, and under certain
circumstances by the SETROPTS RACLIST command, to perform authorization
checking. REQUEST=FASTAUTH has exits that enable you to make additional
security checks, or to instruct RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH to accept or fail
the request to access a resource.
The RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH macro has two preprocessing and two
postprocessing exits. The invocation of these exits is determined by the
circumstances involved in the invocation of the macro. These circumstances include
24
Introduction
whether the macro is invoked in cross-memory, and which operands are specified.
See the RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH exit information in z/OS Security
Server RACF System Programmers Guide for details.
The RACF Command Exits

RACF provides a command exit that is invoked before and after the execution of all
RACF TSO commands except the block update command (BLKUPD), RACDCERT,
RACLINK, and RVARY. This exit permits the installation to perform functions that
include:
v Checking additional authorization
v Modifying authorization checking when these commands are issued
v Changing the options specified on the command
v Stopping the command from executing
There are other command exits that are invoked during processing of certain
commands. See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for
information on which exits are invoked for each command.
The RACF Password Processing Exit

The password processing exit, ICHPWX01, supplements the processing that RACF
performs for new passwords and password change interval values. This exit gains
control from the PASSWORD and ALTUSER commands and from RACROUTE
REQUEST=VERIFY. The PASSWORD and ALTUSER commands and RACROUTE
REQUEST=VERIFY call this exit before they actually change the current password
or password change interval.
The RACF Password Authentication Exits

You can use the password authentication exits, ICHDEX01 and ICHDEX11, to
control how RACF either encodes or masks the RACF password or OIDCARD data
that is stored in the RACF database. By default, RACF encoding uses a software
implementation of the data encryption standard (DES) algorithm and RACF masking
uses a masking routine. You can use the password authentication exits to replace
the RACF DES encoding routine with your own routine.
Tools for the Security Administrator

RACF provides a number of tools to help you monitor and control RACF events and
manage the RACF database. These tools include:
v The RACF utilities
v The block update command (BLKUPD)
v The RACF report writer
v The data security monitor
v Commands to record statistics in discrete profiles
v The RACF LIST commands
v The RACF SEARCH command
Using RACF Utilities

RACF provides several utility that can help you and the RACF system programmer
manage the RACF database and extract information from it:
Utility
Description
IRRMIN00
RACF database initialization utility
25
Introduction
IRRUT400
RACF database split/merge/extend utility
IRRDBU00
RACF database unload utility
IRRUT200
RACF database verification utility
IRRUT100
RACF cross-reference utility
IRRRID00
RACF remove ID utility
IRRADU00
RACF SMF data unload utility
RACF Database Initialization Utility (IRRMIN00)

The RACF database initialization utility, IRRMIN00, formats a data set on DASD for
use as the RACF database. You can use IRRMIN00 to initialize a new database or
to update an existing RACF database with a new set of RACF templates.
For information about how to run IRRMIN00, see z/OS Security Server RACF
System Programmers Guide.
RACF Database Split/Merge/Extend Utility (IRRUT400)

Using the RACF database split/merge/extend utility, IRRUT400, you can split a
single RACF database into two or more data sets, merge two or more data sets of
the RACF database together into one or more data sets, or copy a RACF database
from one type of device to another. In the process, IRRUT400 physically
reorganizes the RACF profiles and compresses the RACF database.
For information about how to run IRRUT400, see z/OS Security Server RACF
RACF Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00)

The RACF database unload utility, IRRDBU00, gives you easy access to the
information in your RACF database. You can use IRRDBU00 to unload your RACF
database to a sequential data set and then use the output in a variety of ways. For
example, you can view the data set directly, sort it, merge it with other data, or use
it as input to your own analysis and reporting programs. In addition, you can upload
the sequential data set to a database manager such as DB2, where you can easily
query the data and create reports. For information about how to run IRRDBU00 and
use its output effectively, see Using the RACF Database Unload Utility
(IRRDBU00) on page 352.
RACF Database Verification Utility (IRRUT200)

You can use the RACF database verification utility, IRRUT200, to identify
inconsistencies in the internal organization of a RACF database. You can also use it
to make an exact, block-by-block copy of the RACF database.
For information about how to run IRRUT200, see z/OS Security Server RACF
RACF Cross-Reference Utility (IRRUT100)

The RACF cross-reference utility, IRRUT100, lists all occurrences of a specified
user ID or group name that appear in a RACF database. This can help you
discover the relationships between various users and groups, and learn other
important information about users, groups, and the resources they control. For
example, you can use the output to verify that users have the right access to
resources. You can also use the output to determine the resources whose
ownership must be transferred before you delete a user or group from the RACF
database.
26
Introduction
All users can run IRRUT100 for their own user IDs or any user IDs they own. To
run IRRUT100 for other users IDs, you must be defined to RACF with one of these
attributes:
v AUDITOR
v SPECIAL
v group-AUDITOR
v group-SPECIAL
IRRUT100 produces a cross-reference report that describes the occurrences of
each user ID or group name that you specify. Generic profile names are followed by
the letter G in parentheses.
For information about how to run IRRUT100 and use its output, see z/OS Security
Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
As an alternative to IRRUT100, you can use the output from the database unload
utility (IRRDBU00). For more information, see Using the Database Unload Utility
Output Effectively on page 356.
RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00)

The RACF remove ID utility, IRRRID00, can help you keep the RACF database
current. You can use this utility to remove all references to group names and user
IDs that no longer exist in or are about to be removed from the RACF database.
Also, you can specify a replacement ID for those IDs that will be removed.
The remove ID utility processes the output of the RACF database unload utility
(IRRDBU00). You can use the remove ID utility to:
1. Find all residual references to user IDs and group names that no longer exist in
the RACF database.
2. Find all references to a list of user IDs and group names that you specify in the
SYSIN file.
For information about how to run IRRRID00 and use its output see Using the
RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) on page 372.
RACF SMF Data Unload Utility (IRRADU00)

You can create a sequential file from security-related audit data using the RACF
SMF data unload utility, IRRADU00. Once you create the sequential file, you can
use it in a variety of ways. For example, you can view the file directly, sort it, merge
it with other data, or use it as input to your own analysis and reporting programs. In
addition, you can upload the sequential file to a database manager such as DB2,
where you can easily query the data and create reports.
Tip: You can use this utility to create reports for RACF audit records that the RACF
report writer is unable to process.
For information about how to run IRRADU00, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Auditors Guide.
RACF Block Update Command (BLKUPD)

You can repair your RACF database by directly changing its internal elements
(blocks) using the RACF block update command (BLKUPD). Because this direct
manipulation can result in an inconsistent and therefore unusable database
27
Introduction
structure, you must be very careful when using BLKUPD. For assistance in using
BLKUPD, contact your system programmer or the IBM support center.
For more information on BLKUPD, see z/OS Security Server RACF Diagnosis
Guide.
Using the RACF Report Writer

The RACF report writer lists information contained in RACF-generated SMF
records. With the RACF report writer you can:
v Collect data about successful accesses and warnings before building resource
profile access lists.
v List the contents of RACF SMF records in a format that is easy to read.
v Obtain reports that describe attempts to access a particular RACF-protected
resource. These reports contain the user ID, the number and type of successful
accesses, the number and type of unauthorized access attempts, and the name
of the user if available in the SMF record.
v Obtain reports that describe user and group activity.
v Obtain reports that summarize system and resource use.
The output from the RACF report writer includes a header page that explains the
meaning of the event and qualifier numbers that appear in the SMF record listings
and summary reports. The remainder of the report comes in various forms,
according to your selection. You can request a general summary, SMF record
listings, and summary reports.
The RACF report writer has been stabilized at the RACF 1.9.2 level and has not
been enhanced for this release. For example, it does not support audit records for
z/OS UNIX events. To create reports and use the audit records for those events,
use the SMF data unload utility.
See z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide for complete information on using
the report writer.
Using the Data Security Monitor

The data security monitor (ICHDSM00, usually called DSMON) is a batch program
that allows authorized users to obtain a set of reports that provide information about
the current status of your installations data security environment.
These reports help you (1) check the initial steps you took to establish system
security and (2) make additional security checks periodically. If the DSMON
program (ICHDSM00) is defined in the PROGRAM class (that is, it is a controlled
program), the user must be authorized through its access list before the program
can be run. If DSMON is not a controlled program, the user must have the
AUDITOR attribute to run DSMON and produce reports. (For more information on
controlled programs, see Chapter 9, Protecting Programs, on page 303.)
For more information on the DSMON reports, see Using the Data Security Monitor
(DSMON) on page 341 or z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide.
Recording Statistics in RACF Profiles

In addition to placing statistical information into the various profiles when you create
them, you can cause RACF to dynamically record statistics (such as the number of
28
Introduction
user accesses to a protected resource) in discrete profiles. For data sets and
general resource classes, you can optionally record the following statistics:
v The number of times that a resource that is protected by a discrete profile was
accessed under a specific RACF authority level (such as READ or UPDATE).
Note: When a RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH is accepted at a certain level of
authority (such as UPDATE), this does not necessarily mean that data is
actually updated.
v The number of times that a specific user or group accessed a resource protected
by a discrete profile.
v The date when a resource profile was last updated.
These statistics enable you to monitor the current operation of your computing
system for administrative and control purposes. You can list the statistics and other
descriptive information that is recorded in RACF profiles with various RACF
commands.
Statistics are not recorded for either of the following types of profiles:
v Generic profiles
v In-storage profiles (in classes for which the SETROPTS RACLIST command or
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST has been issued)
Listing Information from RACF Profiles

You can list the contents of profiles by using the LIST commands, as shown in
Table 2.
Command output is in line mode unless you use ISPF panels. To capture the output
of RACF commands, do the following:
v Use the TSO session manager to scroll through the output.
v Submit a batch TMP job that issues RACF commands and save the held output.
As an alternative to the LIST commands, you can obtain this information from the
output of the database unload utility, IRRDBU00. See Using the Database Unload
Utility Output Effectively on page 356.
Table 2. Commands to List Profile Contents
Command
Function
LISTDSD
Lists the contents of data set profiles and lets you determine
which generic profile applies to a particular data set. For a
description of how to do this, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Command Language Reference.
The listing shows:
v Owner of the profile
v UACC
v Date the profile was created
v Users and groups that are authorized to access the data set
v Your highest access authority to the data set the security
label (if there is one), and other information
v Other information
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for a complete description of this listing.
29
Introduction
Table 2. Commands to List Profile Contents (continued)
Command
Function
LISTGRP
Lists the contents of group profiles. The listing shows:

v Owner of the group profile
v Superior group name
v Users connected to the group
v Subgroup names
v Other information
LISTUSER
Lists the contents of user profiles. The listing shows:

v User name
v Default group name
v Groups that a user is connected to
v Group authorities
v Date the password was last changed,
v Default security label
v Other information
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for a complete description of this listing.
RACDCERT LIST
Lists digital certificate information. For each digital certificate,

the listing shows:
v Serial number
v Issuers distinguished name
v Status information
v Up to 256 bytes of the subjects name
v Label
v Date and time from which the certificate is valid
v Date and time after which the certificate is no longer valid
v Private key type
v Private key size
v Key ring associations, including ring name and ring owner
For an example of this listing, see Figure 51 on page 562.
RACDCERT LISTRING
Lists key ring information. For each digital certificate in the ring,
the listing shows:
v Ring name
v Label assigned to the certificate
v Owner of the certificate (ID(name), CERTAUTH or SITE)
v Usage within the ring
v DEFAULT status within the ring
For an example of this listing, see Figure 52 on page 563.
30
Introduction
Table 2. Commands to List Profile Contents (continued)
Command
Function
RACDCERT LISTMAP
Lists certificate name filter information. For each filter, the listing
shows:
v Label assigned to the certificate name filter
v Trust status
v Issuers name filter, if applicable
v Subjects name filter, if applicable
v Criteria information, if applicable
For examples of this listing, see Figure 58 on page 572 and
Figure 65 on page 579.
RACLINK LIST
Lists user ID associations. For each association, the listing

shows:
v Type of association
v Node and user ID
v Whether password synchronization is enabled
v Status of the association
For an example of this listing, see Listing User ID Associations
on page 395.
RLIST
Lists the contents of profiles for general resources such as tape

volumes, DASD volumes, IMS transactions, and terminals. The
listing shows:
v UACC
v Date the profile was created
v Users and groups that are authorized to access the resource
v Your highest access authority to the resource
v Security label
v Other information
Searching for RACF Profile Names

You can list the names of profiles that meet certain search criteria by using the
SEARCH command. This command is described in Table 3 on page 32.
The output of this command is in line mode unless you use ISPF panels. You can
use the TSO session manager to scroll through the output from the listing
commands.
Tip: As an alternative to the SEARCH command, you can use the RACF database
unload utility (IRRDBU00) to find additional data. The output from the database
unload utility used with a relational database manager can provide you with the
ability to implement additional search criteria.
31
Introduction
Table 3. Command to Search for Profile Names
Command
Function
SEARCH
Searches the RACF database for the names of profiles (in a particular
resource class) that match the criteria you specify. For example, you can
search for all TERMINAL profiles that have a security level specified. You
can save the list of profile names in a data set. You can easily specify
RACF commands (or other commands) to be saved with the profile
names, generating a CLIST that you can run against the profiles.
The search criteria can include one or more of the following:

v Profile names that contain a specific character string
v Profiles for resources that have not been referenced for more than a specific number of
days
v Profiles that contain a level equal to the level you specify
v Profiles with the WARNING indicator
v Profiles that contain a specific security level, category, or label
v Profiles to which another user has access
Rule: Unless you have the SPECIAL attribute, you must have at least READ access
authority for each profile whose name is listed as the result of your request.
Using the LIST and SEARCH Commands Effectively

Recommendations:
v Using the SEARCH command can slow the systems performance. Therefore,
SEARCH should be used with discretion (or not at all) during busy system times.
v You may want to investigate using the database unload utility for some of your
profile searches. The database unload utility need not slow the systems
performance and, in some cases, can provide the same information as the
SEARCH command.
Question:
How can I tell whether (or how) a data set is protected?
Answer:
The answer is complicated by a number of factors, including the

presence of discrete and generic data set profiles, whether the data
set is RACF-indicated, and the setting of such system-wide options
as SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET) and SETROPTS
PROTECTALL. For more information, see Protecting Data Sets on
page 150.
Question:
How can I tell if (or how) a resource (other than a data set) is
protected?
Answer:
Use the RLIST command, omitting both the GENERIC and

NOGENERIC operands:
RLIST classname resource-name
For resources that have grouping classes (such as terminals, DASD

volumes, and certain IMS and CICS classes), specify the related
member class and the RESGROUP operand on the RLIST
command:
RLIST member-class resource-name RESGROUP
For example, for terminal T1:

RLIST TERMINAL T1 RESGROUP
This lists the profiles in the GTERMINL class that protect terminal
T1.
32
Introduction
This example does not work for terminals protected by a generic
member in the GTERMINL class.
Question:
How can I find the data sets that a user can access?
Answer:
Take the following steps:

1. Find the names of the profiles the user has access to:
SEARCH USER(userid) NOMASK
The name of a discrete profile identifies which data set it

protects.
2. For each generic profile listed in Step 1, list the cataloged data
sets protected by the profile (assumes that the SETROPTS
CATDSNS option is in effect):
LISTDSD DATASET(generic-profile-name) DSNS NORACF
Note: To find out how a user can access a particular data set
(READ, UPDATE, and so forth), analyze the profile
protecting the data set to determine how RACF
authorization processing would respond to an access
request.
3. Find the entries in the global access checking table for the
DATASET class:
RLIST GLOBAL DATASET
These entries allow all users access to data sets that match.
Question:
How can I find the general resources that a user can access?
Answer:
This must be done one class at a time. For each class, take the
following steps (which are similar to the steps for data sets):
1. Find the names of the profiles the user has access to:
SEARCH CLASS(classname) USER(userid)
The name of a discrete profile identifies which resource it

protects.
Tips:
a. If the resource is in a class for which there can be resource
group profiles (such as GTERMINL, GDASDVOL, and so
forth), issue the SEARCH command twice, once for the
member class and once for the grouping class.
For example, for terminals:
SEARCH CLASS(TERMINAL) USER(userid)
SEARCH CLASS(GTERMINL) USER(userid)
b. If the SEARCH command shows a profile that contains a

RACF variable (indicated by one or more ampersands (&) in
the name), you must list the RACFVARS profile that defines
the variable. For example, if you see a profile named
SAMPLE.&X.DATA, use the RLIST command to list the
RACFVARS profile that defines the variable:
RLIST RACFVARS &X
2. RACF provides no direct way to determine which resources a

particular general resource profile protects, as in issuing the
LISTDSD command with the DSNS operand. This is because
there is not generally a list, stored on the system, of the various
existing resources that RACF can check. There would have to
be such a list for each general resource classand there are
33
Introduction
well over 50 resource classes (from terminals to JES input
devices to tape volumes). Thus, for any particular class, an
auditor or administrator would have to consult with the profile
owners (or system support) to determine exactly which
resources a generic profile protects.
3. Find the entries in the global access checking table for the
class:
RLIST GLOBAL classname
These entries allow all users access to data sets that match.
Question:
How can I find the user or group profiles a user can list or alter?
Answer:
Enter one of the following commands:

SEARCH CLASS(USER) USER(userid)
SEARCH CLASS(GROUP) USER(userid)
Question:
How can I find out the members of a RACF group?
Answer:
Enter the following command:

LISTGRP groupname
Question:
How can I find out what groups a user belongs to?
Answer:
Enter the following command:

LISTUSER userid
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for more detail on
the output of these commands.
34
Chapter 2. Organizing for RACF Implementation

Ensuring Management Commitment . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting the Security Implementation Team . . . . . . . . .
Responsibilities of the Implementation Team . . . . . . . .
Defining Security Objectives and Preparing the Implementation Plan
Deciding What to Protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Existing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting New Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profile Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Possible Changes to Copied Profiles When Modeling Occurs .
Allowing a Warning Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing Ownership Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting User IDs and Group Names . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing Your RACF Group Structure . . . . . . . . .
Educating the System Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter outlines the planning that your installation should do before you install
RACF.
This book describes the security administrators tasks as they relate to RACF. A
successful security program, however, goes well beyond the relationship of the
security administrator to the software security program your company has chosen to
protect its computerized data. This chapter discusses some of the early work you
and other people must do before installing RACF.
Ensuring Management Commitment

Managements decision to install RACF is not, by itself, enough to ensure adequate
security at your location. Indeed, if management were to ignore security concerns
after simply selecting any software protection package, the eventual result would
most likely be the failure of the security undertaking.
To be successful, a security implementation requires a management that is involved
with questions of security policy and procedures, the resources to be allocated to
the security function, and the accountability of users of the computer system.
Without such management support, the security procedures will fall into disuse and
become more of an administrative chore than a viable protection scheme. (In fact,
such a situation could breed a false sense of security that could lead to serious
exposures.)
You should work with management to prepare a clear, inclusive statement of
security policy. This statement should reflect:
v Corporate security policy
v Physical protection considerations
v Installation data processing security requirements
v User department security requirements
v Auditing requirements
v A statement of policy concerning outside users of the system
v The security attitudes that will be expected from all users of the system
The resultant security policy helps to ensure that a security implementation team
can prepare a RACF implementation plan that is both realistic and consistent with
the installations security policy.
35
Selecting the Security Implementation Team

To ensure a smooth implementation of RACF, careful planning is required, starting
with your selection of an implementation team.
The implementation team should include the viewpoints of all of the user types
(security and group administrators, auditor, technical support personnel, operations,
and end user). In addition to knowing their own areas, the implementation team
representatives should be familiar with, or have access to people who are familiar
with, the following areas:
v RACF
v Privacy legislation
v The installations organization
v Installation standards
v Major application areas
As security administrator, you should lead the implementation team. For best
results, you should keep the team as small as possible. You should ensure that the
results of the teams work are reviewed and fully supported by management.
Responsibilities of the Implementation Team

Some of the responsibilities that might be assigned to the implementation team are:
v Defining RACF security objectives
v Deciding what to protect and how to report attempted violations
v Establishing resource ownership structures
v Developing the RACF implementation plan and installing RACF
v Educating all users of the RACF-protected system
Table 4 describes the responsibilities of typical implementation team members.
Table 4. Participants of the Security Implementation Team
User Type
Responsibility
Security Administrator
As security administrator, you have overall responsibility for RACF implementation. It is

your job to ensure that the work of the implementation team is consistent with good
security practice and in line with the security policy established earlier. In addition, you
or your delegate administrators should be responsible for educating the installation
users about how RACF will be implemented. (That is, will there be a grace period
before the new security procedures take effect? How will the implementation of RACF
affect the day-to-day responsibilities of each user?)
Technical Support Person
The technical support person is normally a system programmer who installs RACF and
maintains the RACF database. This person has overall responsibility for the
programming aspects of system protection and provides technical input on the
feasibility of implementing various aspects of the implementation plan. In addition, the
technical support person writes, installs, and tests RACF exit routines, if they are
required. If you will have RACF installed on more than one system in your installation,
the implementation team should include a technical support person for each system on
which you are using RACF. For more information, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Auditor
The auditor provides guidance on good auditing practice as it relates to data security
and user access. This person implements the necessary RACF logging and reporting
options to provide an effective audit of security measures. For more information on the
auditors duties, see z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide.
User Representative
The user representative should be a prospective group administrator who represents a

major application areaperhaps a user support services or liaison function.
36
Table 4. Participants of the Security Implementation Team (continued)

User Type
Responsibility
Other Users
Other users might be considered as members of the implementation team if

appropriate. For example, other users who are involved with security include CICS,
TSO, and database administrators and JES, MVS, and PSF system programmers.
The rest of this chapter discusses some of the major responsibilities of the security
implementation team.
Defining Security Objectives and Preparing the Implementation Plan

Working from the statement of security policy as a base, the implementation team
prepares an implementation plan. This plan should answer the question How do
we get there from here? Experience indicates that an evolutionary implementation
of security, rather than a revolutionary one, is the most successful way to bring
about adequate security measures in the quickest time possible.
The implementation team needs to set priorities about the data, applications, and
users that must be secured. The implementation team should plan to phase in the
security controls over a period of time to give users time to adjust to them.
The implementation plan should identify the major RACF eventswhen each must
be completed, who is responsible for each event, and interdependencies among
events. In addition, the plan should take into account any other significant activity
planned for the same time period that could affect the implementation (for example,
new systems, hardware, and applications). At an early stage the team should also
define a pilot group for whom the protection of business data, jobs, and users will
be completed before undertaking the protection of other business data. The pilot
group provides a means of obtaining RACF experience before extending protection
to the rest of the installation.
Deciding What to Protect

Every installation has varying amounts of confidential data and varying degrees of
confidentiality. For example, a development laboratory might be primarily concerned
with the confidentiality of new products, whereas a bank or an insurance agency
would be concerned with the confidentiality of its customers records. Generally
speaking, though, all data falls into one of the following categories:
1. Very sensitive, confidential data, which requires protection from disclosure,
modification, or destruction
2. Non-confidential data, which is recoverable with little inconvenience if destroyed
3. Data that falls between these two extremes, which should be protected from
inadvertent or deliberate modification or destruction
Most data falls into the last category.
Obviously, the data in the first category must be protected. What should also be
considered is how to protect the data that ought to be protected in a simple yet
effective mannerin a way that is transparent to the user of this data. The
implementation team does a risk evaluation of the installations data to determine
which data needs what level of protection.
37
The task of protecting large quantities of data can take on significant proportions
unless you can acquire this protection automatically. In the case of RACF,
protecting data is quite simple and, after the controls are in place, practically free
from administrative overhead.
Protecting Existing Data

To protect data that already exists on your system before RACF is installed, you
must create RACF profiles. You can use either discrete or generic profiles.
However, using generic profiles can reduce the administrative effort of this task,
because one generic profile can protect many resources. For example,
v You can protect existing data sets by using the ADDSD command. You should
consider creating at least one profile for each high-level qualifier (user ID or
group name) on your system. You can specify profile names with the format:
high-level-qualifier.*
If enhanced generic naming is in effect, use:

high-level-qualifier.**
You must determine the appropriate UACC, access lists, and other information
(such as security classification, if used) for each profile.
For resources that have unique security requirements, you must create discrete
profiles.
v You can also protect existing general resources (such as tape volumes or
terminals) by using the RDEFINE command. If several resources in the same
class have the same access requirements, you can use one profile to protect
them. Not only does this save space, but it also saves administrative time.
If the names of the resources contain some identical characters, you can usually
create generic profiles whose names contain the *, **, or % character to protect
the resources.
For certain classes, such as terminals, DASD volumes, and others, you can
create resource grouping profiles to protect resources whose names do not lend
themselves to the use of the *, **, or % character.
For any general resource class, you can define a RACF variable that can be
used in the profile names in general resource classes. For more information
about how to select the type of profile to protect a resource, see Choosing
Among Generic Profiles, Resource Group Profiles, and RACFVARS Profiles on
page 199.
You must determine the appropriate UACC, access lists, and other information
(such as security classification, if used) for each profile.
For resources that have unique security requirements, you must create discrete
profiles.
Protecting New Data

RACF provides several ways to protect new data:
v Generic Profiles: Use of generic profiles can decrease the amount of
administrative effort because you can use a single generic profile to protect a
large number of existing resources that have a similar naming structure. Generic
data set profiles protect existing data sets even if they are not RACF-indicated.
(See Choosing between Discrete and Generic Data Set Profiles on page 157
and Protection through Generic Profiles on page 156.)
v Automatically-Created Discrete Profiles: RACF automatically protects new
data sets by creating a discrete profile for each data set when the user creating
38
them has the ADSP attribute or has specified the PROTECT=YES operand on
the JCL DD statement that creates the data set. This automatic definition of
discrete data set profiles occurs when the resource manager issues RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE.
Notes:
1. ADSP and PROTECT=YES always cause the creation of a discrete profile,
which is desirable for data sets that have unique access-authorization
requirements. If your data sets do not have unique access-authorization
requirements, consider using generic profiles.
2. By themselves, ADSP and PROTECT=YES allow only the creator of the data
set to access the protected data. One way to allow other users access to the
protected data set is to use the PERMIT command to place them (or groups
of which they are members) on the access list of the profile with the desired
access authority. Also, if the data set being created is a group data set, and
the user creating it has the GRPACC attribute in that group, all members of
the group are given UPDATE access authority to the group data set.
v Automatic Profile Modeling: One way you can allow other users to access
protected data is by using automatic profile modeling. When you use automatic
profile modeling, the profile that protects a new user or group data set
automatically has an access list copied from the model profile. Therefore, users
defined in the access list of the model can access the newly-created user or
group data set. Automatic modeling is thus valuable for establishing the initial
access list for newly-created generic data set profiles. You can use automatic
profile modeling for profiles that are created by the users ADSP attribute, the
PROTECT=YES operand of the JCL DD statement, or the ADDSD command.
Profile Modeling
Profile modeling enables RACF or an installation exit routine to copy information
(such as the access list, owner, and logging options) from an existing (model)
profile when defining a new profile. (The copied profile is not necessarily identical to
the model profile. For a description of the differences, see Possible Changes to
Copied Profiles When Modeling Occurs on page 40.) This copying greatly reduces
the effort needed to create new profiles. Some examples of using profile modeling
are:
v A user can copy information from an existing profile into a new profile by using
the FROM operand (and related operands) on the ADDSD or RDEFINE
commands. RACF uses the specified profile as a model when creating the new
profile. However, profile segment information (CICS, DFP, DLFDATA,
LANGUAGE, OPERPARM, SESSION, TSO, WORKATTR, and so on) is not
copied to the new profile.
v A user can copy the access list from an existing profile into another existing
profile using the FROM operand (and related operands) on the PERMIT
command.
v For data sets, an installation can use automatic profile modeling. A user with the
SPECIAL attribute can specify MODEL(USER), MODEL(GROUP), or
MODEL(GDG) on the SETROPTS command. These operands specify that RACF
is to use a model data set profile for selected users, groups, or GDG data sets.
If the SETROPTS MODEL options are in effect, the MODEL operands of the
ADDUSER, ADDGROUP, ALTUSER, and ALTGROUP commands specify the
data set profile that is to be used as a model from which to copy information into
new data set profiles.
For more information on this topic, see Automatic Profile Modeling for Data
Sets on page 163.
39
v If the preceding methods are not sufficient, an installation can also use a
REQUEST=DEFINE exit routine to supply either the name of a model profile or
the profile itself.
Possible Changes to Copied Profiles When Modeling Occurs

When a profile is copied during profile modeling, the new profile could differ from
the model in the following ways:
v RACF places the user creating the new profile on the access list with ALTER
access authority or, if the user is already on the access list, changes the users
access authority to ALTER. This is true only if ADDCREATOR is in effect, or if
you are creating a discrete DATASET or TAPEVOL profile with RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE. Otherwise, the user creating the new profile is not placed
on the access list or, if the user is already on the access list, the users authority
is not changed when the access list is copied to the new profile.
If the profile being added is for a group data set and the user has the GRPACC
attribute for that group, RACF places the group on the access list with UPDATE
access authority or, if the group is already on the access list, changes the
groups access authority to UPDATE.
Note: These access list changes do not occur if the data set profile is created
only because the user has the OPERATIONS attribute.
v If the model profile contains members (specified with the ADDMEM operand), the
members are not copied into the new profile.
v If the SETROPTS MLS option is in effect, the security label, if specified in the
model profile, is not copied. Instead, the users current security label is used. For
more information on security labels, see Understanding Security Labels on
page 99.
Note: When the SETROPTS MLS option is in effect, if the SETROPTS
MLSTABLE option is also in effect and the user has the SPECIAL
attribute, the security label specified in the model profile is copied to the
new profile. For more information on security labels, see Understanding
Security Labels on page 99.
v For TAPEVOL profiles, TVTOC information is not copied to the new profile.
v Even if SETROPTS NOADDCREATOR is set, the model profile access list is
copied exactly. Therefore, if the creators user ID appeared in the models access
list, the authority is copied to the new profile exactly.
Allowing a Warning Period

In addition to deciding what to protect, the implementation team must consider how
to phase in the new security controls with minimum disruption of current work
patterns. You should consider:
v Auditing all accesses allowed by a resource profile
Specify GLOBALAUDIT(ALL) for the resource profile.
v Auditing all protected resources in a class
Enter the SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS command.
These commands cause SMF logging to occur for all accesses. If the profiles allow
all access, the SMF records indicate what users or jobs need access to the
protected resources.
RACF also provides the option of issuing a warning message to users instead of
failing a request to access a resource. You can control which resources are
40
protected in this manner by specifying the WARNING operand on the ADDSD,

RDEFINE, ALTDSD, or RALTER command. When a resource check is performed, if
the check fails and WARNING has been specified, RACF issues a warning
message to the user, logs the access, and allows the user to access the resource.
Notes:
1. The warning message facility applies to in-storage profiles created by the
SETROPTS RACLIST command. It may or may not apply to in-storage profiles
created by the RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro, depending on the options
chosen by the resource manager that issues the macro.
2. The warning message is issued for existing data sets, not for new data sets. For
example, if you try to create a new data set that has the same name as a
generic profile that does not give you ALTER access, the create fails if this
profile does not have WARNING set on. If, however, WARNING is on in the
generic profile, the data set allocation proceeds but no warning message is
issued.
Establishing Ownership Structures

RACF provides enough flexibility so that in most cases your RACF ownership
structures can correspond to your existing installation management and
organizational structures. However, this flexibility does not mean that some
realignment of the organizational structures might not be advantageous from the
security standpoint.
In any event, you should subdivide the ownership structures to minimize both
occasions when data needs to be passed between groups, and occasions when
exceptional access controls are required. If you define groups so that all users in a
group share common access requirements, your administrative task of authorizing
users is greatly simplified.
Selecting User IDs and Group Names

In your installation it might be enough for you to isolate development work from
production. On the other hand, it might be more practical for you to define many
individual users and groups. In either case, you should take a look at what already
exists and modify RACF to adapt to the current environment. For example, do any
or all of the system users already have user IDs? If so, perhaps you can make use
of them. For example, every data set name has its owners user ID as its high-level
qualifier by default.
Batch Users: Batch users might not already have user IDs. Here, you might
consider assigning user IDs based on personnel number or, if appropriate, group
name. If it is not clear what to use as a user ID, start by considering group names.
Again, examine what already exists:
1. Is there an existing organizational structure that has groups with suitable
abbreviations? Can the existing structure be used as is, or modified to suit?
2. What conventions already exist in job statements? It is common for the first few
characters of the job names to be meaningful in terms of an application name,
project, department, or some other such functional group. Could these be used
as group names, or even a user ID? Are there any other fields in the job
statement that could be used (for example, the account number or programmer
name)? That is, could you determine from a job statement to whom or to what
functional group the job belongs? (Note: The ability to derive a user ID or group
41
Organizing
from existing job statement information can be a significant migration aid. It
could help you avoid the administrative effort of adding the USER=operands to
existing job statements.)
3. Look at data set names to determine the local naming conventions for data
sets. Can you determine to which functional group a data set belongs by looking
at the name? Can you say This is an IMS database, or This data set belongs
to the payroll group?
It is likely that several naming conventions already exist. RACF options enable
you to handle most existing variations.
Whatever you choose, consider carefully the longer term security objectives. Adding
new groups and users to an existing structure presents few administrative
problems. Even deleting users and groups can be done without much difficulty.
However, a major reassignment of user IDs and group names, although possible, is
best avoided by careful initial selection.
Establishing Your RACF Group Structure

You should map your groups to your organizations structure and arrange them
hierarchically so that each group is a subgroup of some other group. The group
SYS1 is predefined as the highest group in the hierarchy. You should document the
resulting group structure as part of the implementation plan. You might want to
develop a set of guidelines for your delegated security and group administrators to
identify the general categories of resources and users, and the relationships
between them.
For groups that may become large, and for which a quick listing of members is not
needed, you may wish to consider defining the groups using the UNIVERSAL
operand of the ADDGROUP command. See Defining Large Groups with the
UNIVERSAL Attribute on page 54.
Figure 4 on page 43 shows relationships that can exist between users and groups.
42
Organizing
SYS1
Group-SPECIAL
USER1
IBMUSER
GROUP1
Connect
X.DATA
GROUP1.DATA
GROUP3
USER2
USER2.DATA
Y.DATA
USER3
USER3.DATA
U3A
in class TIMS
GROUP2
GROUP2.DATA
Z.DATA
USER4
USER4.DATA
Figure 4. User and Group Relationships
In
v
v
v
v
Figure 4:
The users default groups are their owning groups.
Groups X and Y exist and are owned by GROUP1.
Group Z exists and is owned by GROUP2.
The highest level group, SYS1, owns subgroups GROUP1 and GROUP3 and the
user IBMUSER.
v GROUP1 owns subgroup GROUP2 and the users USER1 and USER2.
v USER1 is connected to GROUP1 with group-SPECIAL authority. This gives
USER1 (who is a RACF administrator) control over GROUP1s resources and
resources in GROUP1s scope, but not over GROUP3s resources.
43
Organizing
Note: If you run with list-of-groups checking inactive (that is, with the SETROPTS
NOGRPLIST option in effect), the scope of USER1s group-SPECIAL
attribute is limited to his default group or the group he specified when
logging on, and the groups below that group in the hierarchy. For more
information on list-of-groups checking, see Activating List-of-Groups
Checking (GRPLIST Option) on page 112.
Educating the System Users

Part of your job is to tell the system users what they need to know to work without
disruption when RACF is installed.
The amount of detailed information that each user needs to know about RACF
depends on the RACF functions that you authorize the person to use. Here are
some examples of information that various system users typically require:
All System Users: All users who are defined to RACF must know:
v How to identify themselves to the system with their user ID and password, and
how to change their password. They should also be aware of the significance of
their password to system security.
v If list-of-groups processing is not in effect, how to log on to a group other than
their default group.
Note: Users can use the LISTUSER command to find out the groups to which
they belong.
v If security labels are used on your system, how to log on with a security label
other than their default security label. For more information, see Understanding
Security Labels on page 99.
Note: To find out what security labels they can use, users can enter:
SEARCH CLASS(SECLABEL)
v If you want them to be able to change their password intervals, how to use the
PASSWORD command.
v How to use the LISTUSER command to list their own profile information.
Users of RRSF Functions: RRSF users need to understand RRSF network
concepts and know RRSF node names. Depending on your security plan, some
RRSF users might also need to know how to:
v Direct commands
v Synchronize passwords
v Establish and approve user ID associations using the RACLINK command.
Users Who RACF-Protect General Resources: Depending on your security plan,
users might work with profiles in the TAPEVOL, JESSPOOL, or other general
resource classes. These users must know:
v How to define and modify profiles in the general resource class, including
whether generic profiles are allowed in the class
v What user IDs and group names they can use when giving access to the profiles
v The meaning of the access authorities (such as NONE, READ, and WRITE) in
the general resource class
v What your installations security policy is towards specific security enhancements
like security levels, categories, and security labels
44
Organizing
In addition to the education needed for administrators who are using generic
profiles, even more education is required on generic profiles for those who are
switching to enhanced generic naming (that is, from the SETROPTS NOEGN to the
SETROPTS EGN option).
For more information, see Defining Profiles for General Resources on page 195
and the sections of this book that describe how to use the class.
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Technical Support Personnel: Users who install the RACF component of the
Security Server must be familiar with migration planning considerations and the
steps that are required to install or reinstall RACF. For complete RACF information,
see all of the following z/OS publications:
v z/OS Migration
v z/OS and z/OS.e Planning for Installation
v z/OS Summary of Message and Interface Changes.
Users who maintain the RACF database must be familiar with the RACF utilities,
which are described in z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
Group Administrators: Group administrators either have one of the group
authorities, have a group attribute (such as group-SPECIAL), or own group
resources. These users need to use the information in this book and z/OS Security
Server RACF Command Language Reference.
RACF Auditors: Users with the AUDITOR attribute should see z/OS Security
Server RACF Auditors Guide for information on using RACF for auditing.
Note that if ISPF and TSO/E are installed, the user can use the RACF ISPF panels
to perform the same functions as the RACF commands. Using the RACF ISPF
panels frees users from the need to know the details of command syntax.
Note: You can ask a user with the AUDITOR attribute to issue the SETROPTS
command with the CMDVIOL operand. This causes RACF to log all of the
RACF command violations that it detects. The auditor can then use the
RACF report writer to produce a printed audit trail of command violations.
From the report, you can determine how many command violations are
occurring and which users are causing the violations. A significant number of
command violations, especially when RACF is first installed, may mean
users need more education. The report can also help you to identify any
specific users who are persistently trying to alter profiles without the proper
authority.
z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference contains detailed
information on the RACF commands used.
Programmers Writing Unauthorized Applications: Programmers writing
unauthorized applications can use the RACROUTE macro to request many
security-related services, including controlling access to protected resources
(RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH).
Note: Your installation can create installation-defined resource classes. If your
installation creates profiles in those classes, an application can issue a
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH to check if a user has sufficient authority to
complete a user action. How much authority is needed for any particular user
action is defined by the way in which the application invokes the
45
Organizing
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH macro. For more information on creating
installation-defined classes, see z/OS Security Server RACF System
Programmers Guide.
Programmers Writing Authorized Applications: Programmers writing authorized
applications (that is, APF-authorized programs) can use the RACROUTE macro to
request security-related services, including:
v Identifying and verifying users (RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY)
v Replacing or retrieving fields in RACF profiles (RACROUTE
REQUEST=EXTRACT)
For more information on using the RACROUTE macro, see z/OS Security Server
RACROUTE Macro Reference.
Summary
As an overall strategy in organizing for RACF implementation, the implementation
team should strive for a policy of security by evolution, rather than revolution.
Wherever transparency can be used, it should be. In some cases, you must actively
solicit management support.
You should examine organizational structures to establish the most efficient profile
ownership structures, educate users with the level of information they need to
perform their assigned functions, and prepare guidelines for the various
administrators.
Finally, you and the implementation team should prepare an implementation plan to
guide the work of the team. Table 5 provides a checklist for the implementation
team to use while preparing the implementation plan. Note that this checklist
represents only a starting point; it is not meant to be exhaustive.
Table 5. Checklist for Implementation Team Activities
Item
Comments
Objectives
h What are the installations security objectives?

h Over what time frame are they to be achieved?
h Is managements position clear on all objectives?
h Is the statement of security policy clear and complete for all objectives?
Protection
h What resource classes are to be protected?

h What resources within these classes are to be protected?
h Can protection be phased in?
h Which resources must be protected, and when?
Naming Conventions
h What installation data set or general resource naming conventions already exist?
h Are changes necessary?
h Does implementing RACF provide an opportunity to enforce naming conventions?
h If so, can they be enforced across the entire installation or only over a subset of the
installation?
h Immediately or eventually?
46
Organizing
Table 5. Checklist for Implementation Team Activities (continued)
Item
Comments
Organization
h Can the definition of RACF groups (and their associated users) be mapped to the
existing organizational structure?
h What changes to the organizational structure, if any, are necessary?
h How is RACF to be controlled and administered?
h Which functions are to be retained centrally?
h Which functions are to be delegated, wholly or in part?
h Which users should have what RACF attributes?
User and Group

Names
h What names are to be established for groups and user IDs?

h Which groups and users are to be defined to RACF?
h Which user verification technique is to be used?
Transparency
h Try to make RACF transparent to your users wherever possible.

h Which resources can be protected by generic profiles?
h Which resources require discrete profiles?
h Which users and groups should be placed in the access lists, and with what access
authorities?
h What deviations from strict user accountability are to be allowed, and for how long?
RACF Tailoring
h Which RACF exits are to be used, if any, and under what conditions?
Authorizations
h What authorizations are required for the program properties table (PPT), APF libraries,
and similar items?
Recovery
h What recovery procedures must be established?
Violation Procedures
h What security procedures for logging, reporting, and auditing must be established?
Subsystems
h What are the security requirements for IMS, CICS, and other subsystems?
Storage Management
Subsystem (SMS)
h Is your data managed by SMS?
Test Plan
h What is the plan for testing the RACF implementation?
Education
h What is the plan for preparing user documentation and other educational material?
h If it is, what is required for your SMS constructs, application IDs, and data set owners?
h Should there be a newsletter for most users and more detailed education for group
administrators?
Install RACF
h What RACF options are to be used?

h What is the plan for installing RACF?
Monitor
h After beginning to define groups, users, generic profiles, and data for a pilot group,
how will progress against your implementation plan be monitored?
h What procedures will be established to ensure that future applications receive the
appropriate security considerations?
47
Organizing
48
Chapter 3. Defining Groups and Users

Defining RACF Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Types of Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative Groups . . . . . . . . . . .
Holding Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Control Groups . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Base Segment in Group Profiles . . . . . .
The DFP Segment in Group Profiles . . . . . .
The OMVS Segment in Group Profiles . . . . .
The OVM Segment in Group Profiles . . . . . .
The TME Segment in Group Profiles . . . . . .
Defining Large Groups with the UNIVERSAL Attribute
Group Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . .
Benefits of Using RACF Groups . . . . . . . .
Reducing the Effort of Maintaining Access Lists . .
Avoiding the Need to Refresh In-Storage Profiles .
Providing a Form of Timed PERMIT . . . . . .
Group Ownership and Levels of Group Authority . .
Ownership of a RACF Group . . . . . . . . .
Group Ownership of Profiles . . . . . . . . .
Group Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suggestions for Assigning Group Authorities . . .
The Group Terminal Option . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Defining a RACF Group . . . .
Summary of Steps for Deleting Groups . . . . . . .
Defining Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Base Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The CICS Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The DCE Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The DFP Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The KERB Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The LANGUAGE Segment in User Profiles . . .
The LNOTES Segment in User Profiles . . . . .
The NDS Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The NETVIEW Segment in User Profiles . . . .
The OMVS Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The OPERPARM Segment in User Profiles . . .
The OVM Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The PROXY Segment in User Profiles . . . . .
The TSO Segment in User Profiles . . . . . .
The WORKATTR Segment in User Profiles . . .
User Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . .
Suggestions for Defining User IDs . . . . . . . .
Migrating Existing User IDs to RACF . . . . . .
Creating New User IDs from Scratch . . . . . .
Creating User IDs for System Operators . . . .
Creating User IDs for RRSF Users . . . . . .
Ownership of a RACF User Profile . . . . . . .
User Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The SPECIAL Attribute . . . . . . . . . . .
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49
Groups and Users

The AUDITOR Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The OPERATIONS Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The CLAUTH (Class Authority) Attribute . . . . . . . . . .
The REVOKE Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The GRPACC (Group Access) Attribute . . . . . . . . . .
The ADSP (Automatic Data Set Protection) Attribute . . . . .
The RESTRICTED Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Attributes at the Group Level . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Scope of Authority for the Users with Group-Level Attributes
Suggestions for Assigning User Attributes . . . . . . . . . .
Verifying User Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Default Universal Access Authority (UACC) . . . . . . . . .
Assigning Security Categories, Levels, and Labels to Users . . .
Limiting When a User Can Access the System . . . . . . . .
Time-of-Day and Day-of-Week Checking for Users and Terminals
Defining Protected User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Protected User IDs with Downlevel Systems . . . . .
Defining Restricted User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Restricted User IDs for Digital Certificate Users . . . .
Using Restricted User IDs with Downlevel Systems . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Defining Users . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Deleting Users . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Considerations for User ID Delegation . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter provides in-depth information on defining groups and users.
Defining RACF Groups

The group structure of RACF can be mapped to the organizational structure that
exists at your installation. That is, RACF conforms naturally to a tree structure of
groups, where each group except SYS1, which is predefined as the highest group,
has a superior, or owning group. Groups can correspond directly to business
entities such as divisions, departments, and projects. Users can be connected to
one or more groups.
Types of Groups
When you define a group, you should consider the basic purpose of the group. Is it
an administrative group, a holding group, a data control group, a functional group,
or a user group?
When setting up RACF groups, keep in mind that the maximum number of users
that you can connect to any one group is approximately 5900. See the section on
determining storage requirements for profiles in z/OS Security Server RACF Macros
and Interfaces for information about how to determine the exact maximum number.
For groups that may become large, and for which a quick listing of members is not
needed, you may wish to consider defining the groups using the UNIVERSAL
operand of the ADDGROUP command. Universal groups may be appropriate for
holding groups and other types of groups. See Defining Large Groups with the
Administrative Groups
You can create a group simply as an administrative convenience. For example, you
might create a group to represent an organizational entity, such as a region or a
division.
50
Groups and Users

With RACF delegation, you can create this kind of group for each group
administrator. Operating from such groups, the group administrators can then define
other groups needed by their local users.
Holding Groups
A popular technique that retains user definition centrally, yet allows the effective use
of group administrators, is to establish a holding group. You define all users
centrally and initially connect them to a group named HOLD with the minimum of
authorities. HOLD does not appear in any access lists, and therefore has no real
significance to the user.
Group administrators, to whom you give CONNECT (but not JOIN) authority, can
connect the appropriate users to the groups under their control and change the
users default group name as appropriate. This technique allows the installation to
assign correct account numbers and control other installation considerations while
allowing flexibility in the grouping of the user population.
Note: A group cannot contain more than approximately 5900 users. Therefore, if
you have more than this number of users, you cannot assign them to a
single holding group. Also, you should be aware that extremely large groups
can have performance implications for the RACF database. For more
information, see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
Data Control Groups

You can create a group to act as a control point for the protection of data. For
example, by using the group SYS1, you can determine which users are permitted to
protect the SYS1 data sets. Only users with CREATE authority or higher in this
group can protect system data sets. At your location, you or your delegate might
consider defining one such group for every high-level qualifier representing data
that is to be protected.
For more information, see Protecting Group Data Sets on page 153.
Functional Groups
A group can represent a functional area of the installation for the purpose of data
sharing. For example, a financial analyst might need to access a variety of
resources across many groups, such as accounting, payroll, marketing, and others.
Of course, the owners of each resource could permit the financial analyst to access
their resources by placing the analysts user ID on an access list. But if a new
financial analyst takes over the job, it is then necessary to add the new user ID to
each RACF profile. Likewise, the RACF profiles must be updated when the analyst
no longer has a need to access the data. This arrangement involves a great deal of
unnecessary activity by the resource owners.
Instead, you can create a group that represents the financial analyst function and
permits access to the data defined to the group. Access to the entire range of data
can then be managed by controlling the user population in the defined group. For
those cases involving one-time access, owners of the needed data would simply
PERMIT access by the defined group. Where appropriate, the group name could be
included in profile access lists to ensure automatic availability of needed data to the
financial analyst group. New financial analysts could be connected to the group, as
required, to gain access to the entire range of data. Likewise, analysts could be
removed from the group whenever necessary. By controlling the user population of
such a functional group, resource profile changes on a day-to-day basis become
unnecessary.
51
Groups and Users
User Groups
You can define a group to serve as an anchor point for users who otherwise have
no common access requirements. For example, engineers and scientists, as well as
other problem-solving users, might have no need to access application-related data
in the system. Their only interest might be in their own personal data. You can
place this set of users in a single group that has no access to other data.
Also, you can define groups based on access level. For example, if PAY.DATA is a
RACF-defined data set, two groups could be defined, PAYREAD and PAYUPDTE,
both of which would appear in the PAY.DATA access list, but with READ and
UPDATE access, respectively. Any users requiring access would be connected, as
appropriate, by the group administrator.
Group Profiles
When you define a group to RACF, you create a group profile in the RACF
database. A group profile consists of segments: a base segment and optionally,
DFP, OMVS, and OVM segments.
Each segment of a group profile consists of fields. When you define a groups
profile (using the ADDGROUP command) or change a groups profile (using the
ALTGROUP command), you can specify the information contained in each field of
each segment. To define or change information in a non-base segment of a group
profile, you must have the SPECIAL attribute or at least UPDATE authority to the
segment through field-level access control.
You can list the contents of an entire group profile or the contents of individual
segments of the group profile using the LISTGRP command. To display information
in a non-base segment of a group profile, you must have the SPECIAL or AUDITOR
attribute or at least READ authority to the segment through field-level access
control.
For more information, see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213 and
Controlling Access to the DFP Segment on page 520.
For information on how to use the ADDGROUP, ALTGROUP, and LISTGRP
commands, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
The Base Segment in Group Profiles

The base segment of a group profile contains basic information that is needed to
define a group to RACF. You can specify the following information in the base
segment:
groupname
Name of the group
OWNER
Owner of the groups profile
SUPGROUP
Name of the groups superior group
TERMUACC or NOTERMUACC
For RACF-protected terminals: Indicates whether to allow access
based on the UACC of the terminal profile
52
DATA
Installation-defined data
MODEL
Name of the profile used as a model for new group data set
profiles, either generic or discrete
UNIVERSAL
Universal group
Groups and Users

See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for information
about the authorization required to create, change, or view information in the base
segment.
The DFP Segment in Group Profiles

You can define a DFP segment for group profiles. The DFP segment contains
default values that DFP uses to determine data management and DASD storage
characteristics for SMS-managed data sets. You can specify the following
information in this segment:
DATAAPPL
Groups DFP data application identifier
DATACLAS
Groups default data class for attributes used during allocation of all
new data sets
MGMTCLAS
Groups default management class for attributes used in managing

a data set after it is allocated
STORCLAS
Groups default storage class for logical storage attributes
To define or change information in the DFP segment of a group profile, you must
have the SPECIAL attribute or at least UPDATE authority to the segment by way of
field-level access control. To display information in the DFP segment of a group
profile, you must have the SPECIAL attribute or at least READ authority to the
segment by way of field-level access control. For more information, see Controlling
Access to the DFP Segment on page 520.
The OMVS Segment in Group Profiles

You can use the OMVS segment of the group profile to specify information about
the groups z/OS UNIX group. Specifically, when you define a new z/OS UNIX
group or change z/OS UNIX attributes for an existing group, you can specify the
following information in the groups profile:
GID
The groups z/OS UNIX group identifier
To define or change information in the OMVS segment of a group profile, you must
have the SPECIAL attribute or at least UPDATE authority to the segment through
field-level access control.
To display information in the OMVS segment of a group profile, you must have the
SPECIAL attribute or at least READ authority to the segment through field-level
access control.
You can authorize users to access to the OMVS segment of a group profile using
the GROUP.OMVS.* or the GROUP.OMVS.GID profile in the FIELD class.
When a GID is assigned to a group, all users connected to this group as their
default group who have an z/OS UNIX user identifier (UID) in their user profile can
use z/OS UNIX functions and can access z/OS UNIX files based on the GID and
UID values assigned. If a users current connect group is not their default group, a
GID must also be assigned to the current connect group.
For information, see Defining group identifiers (GIDs) on page 534 and Using
default OMVS segments in USER and GROUP profiles on page 541.
53
Groups and Users
The OVM Segment in Group Profiles

You can use the OVM segment of the group profile to specify information about the
groups OpenExtensions VM group. When you define a new OpenExtensions VM
group or change OVM attributes for an existing group, you can specify the following
information in the groups profile:
GID
The groups OpenExtensions VM group identifier
To define or change information in the OVM segment of a group profile, you must
To display information in the OVM segment of a group profile, you must have the
access control.
The TME Segment in Group Profiles

You can define a TME segment for group profiles.You can specify the following
information in this segment:
ROLES
A list of role profiles that refer to this group
To define or change information in the TME segment of a group profile, you must
To display information in the TME segment of a group profile, you must have the
access control.
The TME segment fields are intended to be updated only by the Tivoli product,
which manages updates, permissions, and cross references. Security administrators
should directly update TME fields only on an exception basis.
Defining Large Groups with the UNIVERSAL Attribute

If you are planning to create some groups that may become large and are unlikely
to be deleted, such as groups that contain all users, you may define them as
universal groups using the UNIVERSAL operand of the ADDGROUP command.
Universal groups are user groups that do not have complete membership
information stored in their group profiles. The benefit is that there is no limit on the
number of group members. However, you cannot list all the members using the
LISTGRP command.
The UNIVERSAL attribute can be defined for a group only at group creation time.
The UNIVERSAL attribute cannot be added or removed using the ALTGROUP
command. The output of the LISTGRP command will contain the UNIVERSAL
attribute for universal groups.
The group profile of a universal group contains limited group membership
information. Only users who have group authorities other than USE, and those who
have the group-SPECIAL, group-OPERATIONS or group-AUDITOR attribute, are
added to the member list. Therefore, the output of the LISTGRP command will not
provide a complete list of group members. The best way to list the members of a
universal group is using the output of the database unload utility. See Using
54
Groups and Users

IRRDBU00 with Universal Groups on page 353. For information about sample
RACFICE reports available to assist you, see Reports Based on the Database
Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) on page 359.
If you wish to delete a universal group, you should use the remove ID utility
(IRRRID00) to delete the group and remove all member connections. See
Processing Universal Groups on page 384 for information about using IRRRID00
to delete universal groups.
Group Naming Conventions

The naming conventions for groups are relatively simple:
v A group name must be 18 characters in length, chosen from the letters (AZ),
numbers (09), or # (X'7B'), $ (X'5B'), or @ (X'7C'). It may not start with a
number.
Tip: The #, $, and @ characters may be displayed differently on terminals
outside the United States. Therefore, use the characters with the hexadecimal
equivalents shown above.
v No two groups can have the same name. No group name can be the same as a
user ID.
Because two or more users might want to use the same group name (for example,
ADMIN), you should adopt naming standards locally to prevent conflicts. For
example, consider assigning a unique 1- or 2-character group name prefix to each
group administrator. Then each group defined by a group administrator would have
a name that consists of the administrators prefix followed by whatever characters
the administrator chooses to use. This prefixing ensures that two group
administrators cannot use the same group name.
For information about group naming conventions for z/OS UNIX group identifiers
(GIDs), see Defining group identifiers (GIDs) on page 534.
Benefits of Using RACF Groups

Some of the benefits of using RACF groups include:
v Reducing the effort to maintain access lists
v Avoiding the need to refresh in-storage profiles
v Providing a form of timed PERMIT
v Minimizing the length of access lists
Note: For detailed information, see Limiting the Size of Your Access Lists on
page 205.
Reducing the Effort of Maintaining Access Lists

Using RACF groups can reduce the time you spend administering access to
resources.
Instead of adding and deleting users to the access lists of several profiles, you can
create a RACF group and place it on the access list instead of the user IDs. Then,
you can give CONNECT group authority in that group to an appropriate person
(perhaps the owner of the resource profiles). That person can then change the
membership of the group (through the use of the CONNECT and REMOVE
commands) instead of issuing the PERMIT command many times to change the
access lists of all of the affected resource profiles.
55
Groups and Users
Avoiding the Need to Refresh In-Storage Profiles

If your installation maintains in-storage copies of resource profiles through the
SETROPTS RACLIST or SETROPTS GENLIST command, changes to those
profiles do not take effect on the system until a SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH or
SETROPTS GENERIC REFRESH command is issued.
To avoid the need to refresh the in-storage copies, place a RACF group on the
access list instead of a user ID. Then, give CONNECT group authority to an
appropriate person (perhaps the owner of the resource profiles). That person can
then change the membership of the group (through the use of the CONNECT and
REMOVE commands) instead of issuing the PERMIT command to change the
access list of the affected resource profiles, and asking a user with SPECIAL to
refresh the in-storage profiles.
Notes:
1. If a user who is already logged onto the system is added to a RACF group with
the CONNECT command, that user must log off and log on again before using
the group authority to access resources in classes that have been RACLISTed.
2. If a user who is already logged onto the system is deleted from a RACF group
with the REMOVE command, that user must log off and log on again before
accessing resources in classes that have been RACLISTed without using the
group authority.
3. Started tasks must stop and restart to use the new authority. These tasks could
include JES2 and JES3.
Providing a Form of Timed PERMIT

You can allow a user to access a protected resource for a limited time by taking the
following steps:
1. Ensure that the only access the user has to the resource is by virtue of the fact
that the user is connected to a RACF group that has the desired access to the
resource. (List the appropriate resource profiles to check for the users user ID,
or other groups to which the user is connected, in the access list. Also, list the
users RACF user profile to check for the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS
attribute. Depending on the class of the resource, the OPERATIONS attribute
might allow the user to access the resource.)
2. Connect the user to the group with a resume or revoke date. To cause the
users access to stop on a certain date, enter:
CONNECT userid GROUP(groupname) REVOKE(date)
To cause the users access to start on a certain date, enter:

CONNECT userid GROUP(groupname) RESUME(date)
Attention
If the users membership in the group allows the user to create profiles,
and the user becomes the OWNER of such profiles, the user might still
have access to the profiles after the revoke date.
Group Ownership and Levels of Group Authority

The following topics discuss group ownership, group authorities, suggestions for
assigning group authorities, and the group terminal option.
56
Groups and Users
Ownership of a RACF Group

Each group that you define to RACF must be owned by a RACF-defined user or by
its superior group. You assign ownership of a group with the ADDGROUP command
when you create a new group profile or with the ALTGROUP command when you
change an existing group profile. If you are the owner of a group (or if you are a
connected user who has the group-SPECIAL attribute), you have the authority to:
v Define new users to RACF (provided you also have the CLAUTH attribute for the
USER class)
v Connect and remove users from the group
v Delegate and change group authorities and set the default UACC for all new
resources belonging to members of the group
v Modify, list, and delete the group profile
v Define, delete, and list the names of the subgroups under the group
v Specify the group terminal option
Note: Ownership of a group by a user does not allow that user to update the
access lists of resource profiles owned by the group.
For a list of the RACF commands that group owners can issue, see Table 53 on
page 658.
Group Ownership of Profiles

You can assign a RACF group as the owner of a user profile, group profile, data set
profile, or general resource profile. In this way, profile ownership can remain
constant, regardless of how often users change jobs in your organization.
Any user connected to the owning group who has the group-SPECIAL attribute has
the authority of SPECIAL for all profiles owned by the group (see User Attributes
on page 73) and also has the ability to perform all owner functions for the group.
You can assign any group to be the owner of a profile. (A group profile must be
owned by either a user or its superior group.) An owning group does not need to be
a group to which a user (represented by the profile) is connected. Being able to
assign any group as an owner gives you flexibility in defining an authority structure.
For example, you could establish one group for the sole purpose of owning user
profiles, and give a group administrator the group-SPECIAL and CLAUTH (for the
USER class) attributes in that group.
Group Authorities
Each user in a group requires a level of group authority for that group. If a user is
connected to several groups, the user has a level of group authority for each group.
The group authorities are described in Table 6.
Table 6. Group Authorities
Authority
Functions Permitted
RACF Commands Permitted
USE
A user with the USE group authority can enter LISTDSD, RLIST
the system under control of that group, and
can access resources (such as data sets,
terminals, and others) to which the group is
authorized.
57
Groups and Users

Table 6. Group Authorities (continued)
Authority
Functions Permitted
RACF Commands Permitted
CREATE
A user with the CREATE group authority can

allocate new group data sets, RACF-protect
group data sets, and control access to the
profiles he or she has created. However,
unless the user has access other than the
CREATE group authority itself, the user
cannot delete the data sets.
ADDSD command for group data set profiles (all

operands except NOSET)
CREATE group authority includes the

privileges of USE group authority.
CONNECT
A user with CONNECT group authority can

All of the above,
connect users who are already defined to
ALTUSER
RACF to the group and assign USE, CREATE,
or CONNECT group authority to users in the
group.
CONNECT
CONNECT group authority includes the
privileges of both the USE and CREATE group
authorities.
JOIN
A user with JOIN group authority can define

new users and groups to RACF and assign
any level of group authority to new users
(including the JOIN authority). To define new
users, the user with JOIN authority must also
have the CLAUTH user attribute for the USER
class. When a user defines a new group, it
becomes a subgroup of the group in which the
user has JOIN authority.
plus:
GROUP, AUTHORITY, or UACC
operands only
All operands except
SPECIAL/NOSPECIAL,
OPERATIONS/NOOPERATIONS,
and AUDITOR/NOAUDITOR
LISTGRP
Groupname operand only
REMOVE
All operands
All of the above, plus:

ADDGROUP
All operands
ADDUSER
All operands except

OPERATIONS, SPECIAL, and
AUDITOR
ALTGROUP
SUPGROUP operand only (to

change the superior group of a
group, a user must have JOIN
authority in one group and be the
owner of or be connected with the
group-SPECIAL attribute to
another group)
DELGROUP
All operands
LISTGRP
Groupname operand only
JOIN authority includes the privileges of the

USE, CREATE, and CONNECT group
authorities.
For a list of the RACF commands that the group authorities allow users to issue,
see Table 51 on page 656.
Suggestions for Assigning Group Authorities

As a security or group administrator, you can create different types of administrative
structures, according to how you assign group authorities and group ownership.
Two examples of possible structures are total and partial delegation.
Total Delegation: With total delegation, one delegate (group owner) is responsible
for the administration of a group, the users in the group, and the group resource
profiles. In this scheme, the group owner connects to the group with JOIN authority,
defines the group resource profiles, and connects other users to the group with
USE authority.
Partial Delegation: With partial delegation, you can share the responsibility for the
administration of a group, the users in the group, and the group resource profiles.
58
Groups and Users

Under this scheme, the owner of the group connects one user to the group with
JOIN authority and this user connects other users to the group, giving CREATE
authority to one user and USE authority to all other users. In this way, the owner of
the group can monitor the group, the user with JOIN authority can monitor the users
in the group, and the user with CREATE authority can create and maintain the
groups data set profiles.
Another way to share administration responsibilities for the group, the users, and
the groups resources is as follows: the owner of the group connects one user to
the group with CREATE authority and all other users with USE authority. The owner
of the group can then monitor the group and the users in the group, and the user
with CREATE authority can define and control group data sets.
The Group Terminal Option

The group administrator (that is, the owner of a group) can specify a group terminal
option for the group by using the ALTGROUP command with the NOTERMUACC
operand. With this option, users of the group are authorized to log on to TSO only
from those RACF-protected terminals to which they have been specifically
authorized access by the PERMIT command. That is, users of the group may not
be authorized to log on to TSO from terminals (either RACF-defined or otherwise)
based on the universal access authority of the terminals.
Summary of Steps for Defining a RACF Group

This summary presents the steps required by RACF for defining a RACF group.
Your installation may require additional steps, depending on your security policy.
1. Prepare to create the group profile as follows:
v Decide which group is to be the superior group.
v Decide the group name. (This cannot be the same as a user ID.)
v Decide who (a user or RACF group) is to be the owner of the new group. (If
the group owner is a user, give him or her the information needed to manage
the group.)
v Decide if the group should be a universal group.
v If your installation is using RACF to protect terminals, and the users in this
group are terminal users who are to be limited to specific terminals, consider
specifying the NOTERMUACC operand on the ADDGROUP command.
v If DFSMS is installed, work with the storage administrator to set the initial
values in the groups DFP segment.
2. Create the group profile using the ADDGROUP command.
For example, to create a group for Department A called DEPTA whose owner
and superior group is to be a group called ALLDEPT, enter:
ADDGROUP DEPTA OWNER(ALLDEPT) SUPGROUP(ALLDEPT)
3. Connect appropriate users to the new group.

v Most users should have USE group authority.
v A few users might need a group authority higher than USE group authority
(such as CONNECT).
For example, to connect department members SUE, LIZ, and GENE to the
DEPTA group and also give LIZ and SUE authority to add new users to the
group, enter:
CONNECT (SUE LIZ) GROUP(DEPTA) OWNER(DEPTA) AUTHORITY(CONNECT)
CONNECT GENE GROUP(DEPTA) OWNER(DEPTA)
59
Groups and Users

These commands assign ownership of each connection to group DEPTA rather
than to the issuer of the CONNECT command (the default). Because GENEs
authority defaults to USE, GENE can use any of the resources (for example,
data sets) that belong to group DEPTA.
4. If the group is to own group data sets, do the following:
v Create a top generic profile for the group data sets in the DATASET class.
For example:
ADDSD DEPTA.** UACC(NONE)
v If appropriate, assign the GRPACC user attribute to a member of the group.

(However, before assigning the GRPACC user attribute, see Table 18 on
page 211.)
5. If the group requires access to RACF-protected resources, give the group the
required access using the PERMIT command. For example:
PERMIT RACF.PROTECT.DATA ID(DEPTA) ACCESS(READ)
6. If the group requires access to z/OS UNIX resources, alter the profile to include
an OMVS segment with an z/OS UNIX group identifier (GID). For example:
ALTGROUP DEPTA OMVS(GID(100))
Summary of Steps for Deleting Groups

This summary presents the steps required by RACF and related IBM licensed
program products to delete groups from RACF. Your installation may require
additional steps, depending on your security policy and the products you have
installed.
1. Determine if the group is a universal group by using the LISTGRP command,
and look for the UNIVERSAL attribute.
2. If the group is not a universal group, use the output of the LISTGRP command
to list the members and remove them from the group.
You can use the REMOVE command to do this. If the user is the owner of any
group data set profiles, specify the new owner on the OWNER operand of the
REMOVE command. Before removing a user from the users default connect
group, you must first connect the user to a new group (CONNECT command),
and then change the users default connect group to the new group (ALTUSER
command).
3. If the group is a universal group, use the remove ID utility (IRRRID00) to
remove all members from the group.
The LISTGRP command may not list all members of a universal group. For
information, see Processing Universal Groups on page 384
4. Find all data sets associated with this group (that is, the group name is the
high-level qualifier of the data set name) and take the following steps:
a. Delete or rename (with a new high-level qualifier) the groups group data
sets. If you rename or delete a data set that is protected by a discrete
profile, the discrete profile is also renamed or deleted.
Tip: You can do this using the DATA SET LIST utility of ISPF.
b. Identify all of the remaining (generic) data set profiles, create new ones
modeled on them if needed, and delete the remaining profiles.
Recommendation: Make sure that you do not delete an old profile unless it
is no longer needed.
Tips:
1) You can use the following SEARCH command to identify the groups
data set profiles:
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Groups and Users

SEARCH MASK(groupname.) CLIST(LISTDSD ALL)
As specified, the CLIST operand generates a CLIST that you can run to
list all of the information in the data set profiles. This can help you
assess whether to use the profiles as models.
2) You can use the FROM operand on the ADDSD command to create new
profiles modeled on the old profiles.
5. To research the following steps, use the IRRRID00 utility to list the occurrences
of the group name in the RACF database. For information, see Using the
RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) on page 372.
6. For each subgroup of the group to be deleted, change the subgroups superior
group to an existing group.
ALTGROUP subgroupname SUPGROUP(new-superior-groupname)
7. If the group is the owner of any profiles (the groups group name was specified
on the OWNER operand), change the owner of the profiles to a new group or
user.
Tip: Use the appropriate command for changing profiles, such as ALTUSER,
ALTGRP, ALTDSD, or RALTER.
8. Remove the group from any access lists in which the groups group ID is
specified.
Tip: Use the DELETE operand on the PERMIT command.
9. After all occurrences of the group name are deleted from the RACF database,
use the DELGROUP command to delete the group profile.
Defining Users
As a general objective, all users should be defined to RACF. Users who are not
defined to RACF can use the system virtually unimpeded, unless, of course, they
attempt to access data to which they are unauthorized.
The users you must initially define are those you have selected for the pilot project
and the central core of personnel who maintain and operate the system itself. Other
users can then be defined as determined by convenience and the priority of their
security needs.
You should consider defining the following users to RACF:
v Interactive users of CICS, IMS, TSO/E, NetView, or other products that support
logging on at a terminal.
v z/OS UNIX users. You use RACF commands to define users to z/OS UNIX. The
z/OS UNIX attributes are kept in the OMVS segment of the users profile and can
be specified in addition to any existing attributes. The new attributes extend the
users capabilities to include the use of z/OS UNIX functions. In order to use
z/OS UNIX services, a user must have z/OS UNIX attributes defined, such as an
z/OS UNIX user identifier (UID) in his or her user profile and an z/OS UNIX
group identifier (GID) in the group profile of his or her current connect group (the
users default group or the one specified on the TSO LOGON screen or job
card). For more information, see Chapter 20, RACF and z/OS UNIX, on page
533.
v Users who submit batch jobs without first logging on to a terminal (such as
through a physical card reader).
v MVS or JES system operators. You should work with your MVS or JES system
programmer to determine which MVS and JES system operators should be
defined to RACF. For more information, see Defining and Grouping Operators
on page 470.
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Groups and Users

v
v
v
v
Started procedures.
Node names in an NJE network.
RJP or RJE remote workstations or nodes.
Console IDs if LOGON(AUTO) is specified in the CONSOLxx member of
SYS1.PARMLIB. For more information, see z/OS MVS Initialization and Tuning
Reference.
There are some advantages in defining all users to RACF:

v Defining all users provides for better administrative control over who is using the
system. This in turn can reduce misuse of system resources.
v Attempted violations by undefined users are difficult to investigate, because they
do not have user IDs that are associated with real persons or processes.
Whether all users are eventually defined to RACF is your decision. You may deem
individual accountability for a certain section of the user population unnecessary in
some cases. Note that this can reduce your ability to determine exactly who took
security-relevant actions.
User Profiles
When you define a user to RACF, you create a user profile in the RACF database.
A user profile consists of a base segment and, optionally, any of the following
segments: CICS, DCE, DFP, KERB, LANGUAGE, LNOTES, NDS, NETVIEW,
OMVS, OPERPARM, OVM, PROXY, TSO, and WORKATTR.
Each segment of a user profile consists of fields. When you define a users profile
(using the ADDUSER command) or change a users profile (using the ALTUSER
command), you can specify the information contained in each field of each segment
of the profile.
To define or change information in a non-base segment of a user profile, including
your own, you must have the SPECIAL attribute or at least UPDATE authority to the
segment through field-level access checking.
To list the contents of a user profile or the contents of individual segments of the
user profile, use the LISTUSER command.
To display the information in a non-base segment of a user profile, including your
own, you must have the SPECIAL or AUDITOR attribute or at least READ authority
to the segment through field-level access checking.
IBM recommends that you use field-level access control to let users view, and
optionally modify, some or all of the information in the non-base segments of their
user profiles.
For more information, see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213, Controlling
Access to the DFP Segment on page 520, and Field-Level Access Checking for
TSO on page 529.
When you use the RACDCERT command to add a certificate definition and
associate it with a specified RACF-defined user ID, information about the definition
is added to the user profile. To see the certificate definitions, enter:
RACDCERT LIST
To issue this command, you must have one of the following authorities:
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v The SPECIAL attribute
v Sufficient authority to resource IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST in the FACILITY class:
READ access to IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST to list this information for yourself
UPDATE access to IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST to list this information for others
When you use the RACDCERT command to add a certificate name filter and
is added to the user profile. To see the certificate name filter definitions, enter:
RACDCERT LISTMAP
v Sufficient authority to resource IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTMAP in the FACILITY class:
READ access to IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTMAP to list this information for yourself
UPDATE access to IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTMAP to list this information for others
When you use the RACDCERT command to add a certificate key ring and
is added to the user profile. To see the ring definitions, enter:
RACDCERT LISTRING
v Sufficient authority to resource IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING in the FACILITY class:
READ access to IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING to list this information for yourself
UPDATE access to IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING to list this information for
others
When you use the RACLINK command to establish a user ID association,
information about the association is added to the user profile. To see the user ID
associations, enter:
RACLINK LIST
For more information on how to use the ADDUSER, ALTUSER, LISTUSER,

RACDCERT, and RACLINK commands, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference.
The Base Segment in User Profiles

The base segment of a user profile contains basic information that is needed to
define a user to RACF. You can specify the following information in the base
segment:
USERID
Users identification
NAME
Users name
OWNER
Owner of the users profile
DFLTGRP
Users default group
AUTHORITY
Users authority in the default group
PASSWORD
Users password
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NOPASSWORD
Gives the user the PROTECTED attribute when the user has the
NOOIDCARD attribute
REVOKE
Date on which RACF prevents the user from having access to the
system
RESUME
Date on which RACF lets the user have access to the system again
UACC
Default universal access authority for resources that the user

defines
WHEN
Days of the week and hours of the day during which the user has
access to the system
ADDCATEGORY
Users installation-defined security category
SECLEVEL
Users installation-defined security level
CLAUTH
Classes in which the user can define profiles
SPECIAL
Gives the user the system-wide SPECIAL attribute
AUDITOR
Gives the user the system-wide AUDITOR attribute
OPERATIONS Gives the user the system-wide OPERATIONS attribute

DATA
ADSP
Indicates that all permanent data sets the user creates are to be
RACF-protected with discrete profiles
GRPACC
Indicates that other group members can have access to any group
data set the user protects with a data set profile
MODEL
Name of the data set model profile to be used when creating new
data set profiles, either generic or discrete
OIDCARD
Indicates that the user must supply an operation ID card when

logging on to the system
RESTRICTED Indicates that global access checking, the ID(*) entry on the
access list, and the UACC will not be used to allow this user
access to a protected resource.
To prevent a restricted user from gaining access to a z/OS UNIX
file system resource unless specifically authorized, see Controlling
access to file system resources for restricted users on page 550.
SECLABEL
Users default security label
CERTNAME
The names of the profiles in the DIGTCERT class that are

associated with this RACF user ID
CERTLABL
The certificate labels for the profiles in the DIGTCERT class that
are associated with this RACF user ID
CERTPUBK
The public key associated with a public key certificate. This is the
BER-encoded public key as specified in the certificate.
CERTSJDN
The subject name of the entity to whom the certificate is issued.

This is the BER-encoded format of the subjects distinguished name
as contained in the certificate.
Note: You can only add or delete the data in the CERTNAME,
CERTLABL, CERTPUBK and CERTSJDN fields by using the
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RACDCERT command. The ADDUSER or ALTUSER
commands have no effect on these fields.
NMAPNAME
The names of the profiles in the DIGTNMAP class containing

certificate name filters that are associated with this RACF user ID
NMAPLABL
The labels for the certificate name filters that are associated with
this RACF user ID
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for information
about the authorization required to create, change, or view information in the base
segment.
The CICS Segment in User Profiles

You can specify information for CICS terminal operators in RACF user profiles. If
CICS/ESA 3.2 or later is installed, this information is used when CICS terminal
operators sign on to CICS.
Note: Before you define or change CICS segment information, make sure that
CICS 3.2 or later is installed on your system.
For planning information, see CICS RACF Security Guide.
An installation can set the default characteristics (including authorities) for CICS
terminal operators by defining CICS segments in the user profiles of these users. To
do this, issue the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command with the CICS operand. You
can specify the following information:
OPCLASS
Classes assigned to this operator to which basic mapping support

(BMS) messages are to be routed
OPIDENT
Identification of the operator for use by BMS
OPPRTY
Priority of the operator
TIMEOUT
Time that the operator is allowed to be idle before being signed off
XRFSOFF
Indicates whether the operator is to be signed off by CICS when an

XRF takeover occurs
To define or change information in the CICS segment of a user profile, including

segment through field-level access checking. To display information in the CICS
segment of a user profile, you must have the SPECIAL attribute or at least READ
authority to the segment through field-level access checking. For more information,
see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213.
The DCE Segment in User Profiles

The DCE segment, defined to the RACF user profile, associates a DCE principal
with the RACF user profile.
You can specify the following attributes:
DCENAME
Users DCE principal name
UUID
Users DCE principal universal unique identifier
HOMECELL
Home cell for this DCE user
HOMEUUID
Home cell universal unique identifier
AUTOLOGIN
Single signon processing (YES or NO)

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Groups and Users

As RACF administrator, you need to work with the DCE administrator to define
RACF profiles to use these features correctly.
The DFP Segment in User Profiles

You can define a DFP segment for user profiles. The DFP segment contains default
values that DFP uses to determine data management and DASD storage
characteristics for user data sets.
You can specify the following information in this segment:
DATAAPPL
Users DFP data application identifier
DATACLAS
Users default data class for attributes used during allocation of all
new data sets
MGMTCLAS
Users default management class for attributes used in managing a

data set after it is allocated
STORCLAS
Users default storage class for logical storage attributes
To define or change information in the DFP segment of a user profile, including your
own, you must have the SPECIAL attribute or at least UPDATE authority to the
segment through field-level access checking. To display information in the DFP
segment of a user profile, you must have the SPECIAL attribute, the AUDITOR
attribute, or at least READ authority to the segment through field-level access
checking. For more information, see Controlling Access to the DFP Segment on
page 520.
The KERB Segment in User Profiles

You can define a KERB segment for user profiles. The KERB segment contains the
information about a Network Authentication Service user, such as the local principal
name that will be mapped to this RACF user ID.
KERBNAME
Users local principal name
MAXTKTLFE
Users maximum ticket life
ENCRYPT
Users key encryption types
To define or change information in the KERB segment of a user profile, including

segment through field-level access checking. To display information in the KERB
checking. For more information, see Defining local principals on page 605.
The LANGUAGE Segment in User Profiles

You can specify a users preferred national languages in the LANGUAGE segment
of the users user profile. The languages stored in the user profiles are used by
TSO, CICS/ESA 3.2 or later, and any other applications that use the RACROUTE
REQUEST=EXTRACT macro to determine a users preferred national languages.
For specific information on how an application checks for a users preferred national
languages, see the documentation for that product.
Note: In general, you should also specify an installation default using the
LANGUAGE operand of the SETROPTS command.
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Groups and Users

If individual users prefer languages other than the installation defaults, use the
LANGUAGE operand of the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command to assign the
preferred languages. On the LANGUAGE operand, you can specify the following
information:
PRIMARY
Users preferred national language, if different from the installation

default
SECONDARY Users alternate national language, if different from the installation

default
To define or change information in the LANGUAGE segment of a user profile,
including your own, you must have the SPECIAL attribute or at least UPDATE
authority to the segment through field-level access checking. To display information
in the LANGUAGE segment of a user profile, you must have the SPECIAL attribute
or at least READ authority to the segment through field-level access checking. For
more information, see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213.
The LNOTES Segment in User Profiles

You can define an LNOTES segment for user profiles. The LNOTES segment
contains the Lotus Notes for z/OS short name that will be mapped to this RACF
user ID.
SNAME
Users short name for use with Lotus Notes for z/OS
To define or change information in the LNOTES segment of a user profile, including

segment through field-level access checking. To display information in the LNOTES
checking. For more information, see RACF Support for NDS and Lotus Notes for
z/OS on page 280.
The NDS Segment in User Profiles

You can define an NDS segment for user profiles. The NDS segment contains the
Novell Directory Services for OS/390 user name that will be mapped to this RACF
user ID.
UNAME
Users user name for use with Novell Directory Services for OS/390
To define or change information in the NDS segment of a user profile, including

segment through field-level access checking. To display information in the NDS
checking. For more information, see RACF Support for NDS and Lotus Notes for
z/OS on page 280.
The NETVIEW Segment in User Profiles

When you define a new NetView operator or change NETVIEW attributes for an
existing operator, you can specify the following information in the NETVIEW
segment of the users profile:
CONSNAME
MCS console identifier
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CTL
Specifies GLOBAL, GENERAL, or SPECIFIC control
DOMAINS
Domain identifier
IC
Initial command or list of commands to be executed by NetView

when this NetView operator logs on
MSGRECVR
Indicates whether the operator will receive unsolicited messages
NGMFADMN
Indicates whether this operator can use the NetView graphic

monitor facility
OPCLASS
Class of the operator
The OMVS Segment in User Profiles

When you define a new z/OS UNIX user or change z/OS UNIX attributes for an
existing user, you can specify the following information in the OMVS segment of the
users profile:
ASSIZEMAX
Users z/OS UNIX RLIMIT_AS (maximum address space size)
CPUTIMEMAX
Users z/OS UNIX RLIMIT_CPU (maximum CPU time)
FILEPROCMAX
Users z/OS UNIX maximum number of files per process
HOME
Users z/OS UNIX initial directory path name
MEMLIMIT
Users z/OS UNIX non-shared memory size
MMAPAREAMAX
Users z/OS UNIX maximum memory map size
PROCUSERMAX
Users z/OS UNIX maximum number of processes per UID
PROGRAM
Users z/OS UNIX program path name, such as a default shell

program
SHMEMMAX
Users z/OS UNIX maximum shared memory size
THREADSMAX
Users z/OS UNIX maximum number of threads per process
UID
Users z/OS UNIX user identifier
To define or change information in the OMVS segment of a user profile, including

segment through field-level access checking. To allow authorization to the entire
OMVS segment of a user profile, the user would need authority to the
USER.OMVS.* profile in the FIELD class. Individual fields in the OMVS segment
can be defined such as USER.OMVS.UID. You can allow users to change their own
HOME or PROGRAM values by creating USER.OMVS.HOME and
USER.OMVS.PROGRAM in the FIELD class and permitting &RACUID to the
profiles.
For more information, see Defining user identifiers (UIDs) on page 535 and Using
default OMVS segments in USER and GROUP profiles on page 541.
The OPERPARM Segment in User Profiles

Users can enter an extended MCS console session as follows:
v If the application they are running issues the MCSOPER macro (which is an
authorized macro)
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v If the user issues the TSO CONSOLE command
For information on using RACF to control the users who can establish an extended
MCS console session, see z/OS MVS Planning: Operations.
Users who enter an extended MCS console session can act as system operators.
An installation can set the default characteristics (including command authorities) for
these sessions by defining OPERPARM segments in the user profiles of these
users. To do this, issue the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command with the
OPERPARM operand. You can specify the following information:
ALTGRP
Alternative console group for recovery
AUTH
Operators command authority
CMDSYS
Name of the system to which the operator is connected for

command processing
DOM
Indicates whether the operator should receive delete operator

message requests
KEY
Indicates a data retrieval key used to search for operator consoles

using the DISPLAY CONSOLES command
LEVEL
Message level that the operator receives
LOGCMDRESP
Indicates whether command responses received by the operator
are to be recorded on the hardcopy log
MFORM
Format in which messages are displayed
MIGID
Indicates whether the operator is to receive a migration console ID
MONITOR
Events that the operator can monitor
MSCOPE
Name of the system from which the operator receives unsolicited

messages
ROUTCODE
Routing codes that the operator receives
STORAGE
Maximum amount of virtual storage in megabytes for message

queuing
UD
Indicates whether the operator should receive messages that are

considered undeliverable
To define or change information in the OPERPARM segment of a user profile,

in the OPERPARM segment of a user profile, you must have the SPECIAL attribute
The OVM Segment in User Profiles

When you define a new OpenExtensions VM user or change OVM attributes for an
existing user, you can specify the following information in the OVM segment of a
users profile:
UID
The users OpenExtensions VM user identifier
FSROOT
The users OpenExtensions VM file system root directory
HOME
The users OpenExtensions VM initial directory path name

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PROGRAM
The users OpenExtensions VM program path name, such as a

default shell program
To define or change information in the OVM segment of a user profile, you must
To display information in the OVM segment of a user profile, you must have the
access control.
The PROXY Segment in User Profiles

The PROXY segment is intended for use with user IDs assigned to application
servers. It is not intended for use with user IDs assigned to users, such as TSO or
CICS users. Therefore, it is not described here. For information about the PROXY
segment, see the PROXY parameter of the ALTUSER command in z/OS Security
The TSO Segment in User Profiles

When you define a new TSO user or change TSO attributes for an existing user,
you can specify the following information in the TSO segment of a users profile:
ACCTNUM
Users default account number
COMMAND
Command to be run during TSO/E logon
JOBCLASS
Default value for users job class
MSGCLASS
Default value for the users message class
HOLDCLASS Default value for the users hold class

SYSOUTCLASS
Destination ID for the users SYSOUT data sets
PROC
Users default logon procedure
MAXSIZE
Users maximum region size
SIZE
Users default region size
SECLABEL
Security label specified when the user previously logged on to TSO
UNIT
Default device used for allocations
USERDATA
Optional user data
If a user logs on to TSO and you have defined a TSO segment in the users profile,
TSO checks the users authority to use certain TSO resources such as account
numbers and logon procedures. If the user is authorized to use a resource such as
an account number, TSO continues building a session for the user. Otherwise, TSO
prompts the user for a valid account number.
If a user logs on to TSO and you have not defined a TSO segment for that user,
TSO checks the SYS1.UADS data set for the information it needs to build a
session. If TSO does not find an entry for the user in SYS1.UADS, the user is
denied access to the system.
You can move TSO user attribute information from SYS1.UADS to the RACF
database. (SYS1.UADS contains an entry for each TSO user that describes the
attributes that regulate the users access to the system.) When you move this TSO
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information into the RACF database, it is stored in the TSO segment of the users
profile. When a user logs on to TSO, it uses the information contained in the TSO
segment to build a session for the user.
Moving the TSO user information to the RACF database eliminates the need to
maintain an entry in SYS1.UADS for each TSO user. However, you must maintain
entries in SYS1.UADS for certain users, such as IBMUSER and system
programmers. For example, if you need to deactivate RACF to perform
maintenance on the RACF database, users authorized to perform this maintenance
must be able to log on to the system. When RACF is inactive, TSO checks entries
in SYS1.UADS to authorize access to the system.
Notes:
1. You can use the RACONVRT EXEC to help convert SYS1.UADS entries to
RACF user profiles. See z/OS TSO/E Customization for more information.
2. If you are defining TSO segments in user profiles, you must activate the
following TSO general resource classes: TSOPROC and ACCTNUM. For more
information, see Protecting TSO Resources on page 526.
3. IBM recommends that you use field-level access control to protect fields within
the TSO segment of user profiles. Otherwise, any user can list and change the
information contained in this segment. For more information, see Field-Level
Access Checking on page 213.
4. A TSO user can use the TSO/E logon panel to specify or override certain
information in the TSO segment of his or her user profile. For example, a user
can change an account number, or specify an account number if one has not
been specified, using the TSO/E logon panel. RACF checks the users
authorization to the ACCTNUM profile that protects the specified account
number. If the user is authorized to use the specified account number, TSO
stores the account number in the TSO segment of the users profile and uses it
as a default value the next time the user logs on to TSO. Otherwise, RACF
denies access to the account number.
If users attempt to change their user profiles when logging on, the logon is
allowed but the TSO segment is not updated in either of the following cases:
v The RACF database is locked.
v The system is enabled for sysplex communication and RACF is in read-only
mode.
You must apply APAR OY56802 to TSO/E 2.3, TSO/E 2.3.1 or TSO/E 2.4 to
update the TSO segment. See z/OS Security Server RACF System
Programmers Guide for information on utilities that lock the RACF database.
See z/OS TSO/E Users Guide for a description of the information that a user
can specify on the TSO/E logon panel.
5. A TSO installation can write a TSO logon pre-prompt exit to bypass checking
SYS1.UADS for user attribute information. See z/OS TSO/E Customization for
more information.
The WORKATTR Segment in User Profiles

You can specify work attribute (WORKATTR) segments in user profiles that are set
up to support APPC requests running under an APPC transaction program.
WORKATTR segments include SYSOUT and account information for the users.
An installation can set the default characteristics (including authorities) for these
users by defining WORKATTR segments in the user profiles of these users. To do
this, issue the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command with the WORKATTR operand.
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You can specify the following information in the WORKATTR segment of a users
profile:
WANAME
User name on SYSOUT
WABLDG
Building on SYSOUT
WADEPT
Department on SYSOUT
WAROOM
Room on SYSOUT
WAADDR1
SYSOUT address line 1
WAADDR2
WAADDR3
WAADDR4
WAACCNT
Account number
To define or change information in the WORKATTR segment of a user profile,

in the WORKATTR segment of a user profile, you must have the SPECIAL attribute
User Naming Conventions

The rules for naming users, like those for naming groups, are simple:
v A RACF user ID must be 18 characters in length, and may consist of any
combination of AZ, 09, # (X'7B'), $ (X'5B'), or @ (X'7C').
Note: Although RACF permits 8-character user IDs, keep in mind that TSO user
IDs and user IDs on JOB cards cannot be more than 7 characters. TSO
and MVS also require that the first character of user IDs be AZ, # (X'7B'),
$ (X'5B'), or @ (X'7C').
v The #, $, and @ characters may be displayed differently on terminals outside the
United States; therefore, use the characters with the hexadecimal equivalents
shown above.
v No two user IDs can be the same. No user ID can be the same as a group
name.
For information about user naming conventions for z/OS UNIX user identifiers
(UIDs), see Defining user identifiers (UIDs) on page 535.
Suggestions for Defining User IDs

Basically, there are no requirements for establishing a specific type of user ID. That
is, in some installations, you might form user IDs by adding a numerical suffix to a
group name (for example, ADMIN01 or MKT06). In other cases, you might use first
names (for example, PETER and PAUL could be defined and connected to the
RESEARCH group. In this case, if PETER subsequently leaves the RESEARCH
group to join the TEST group, he need not change his user ID.)
The concept of user IDs based on group names appears practical because a quick
glance at the user ID reveals the group. However, this concept might not prove so
practical a few years later if many of the current users have changed groups. In
addition, how does such a user handle the userid.data.sets after the user ID is
72
Groups and Users

changed? In the long run, user IDs based on something like user names or
personnel numbers do not have this problem and offer the greatest long-term
flexibility.
For suggestions related to z/OS UNIX, see Defining user identifiers (UIDs) on
page 535.
Migrating Existing User IDs to RACF

Where user IDs already exist in machine readable form (for example, in
SYS1.UADS), a simple CLIST can provide a valuable administrative aid in migrating
users to RACF.
Note: You can use the RACONVRT EXEC to help convert SYS1.UADS entries to
RACF user profiles. For more information, see z/OS TSO/E Customization.
Creating New User IDs from Scratch

Where user IDs are assigned from scratch, they can often be created in blocks,
using a CLIST. For example, you could centrally create 50 user IDs, MKT01 through
MKT50, and allocate them to the manager of group MKT to assign to users in the
department. The default group (MKT), password, and other operands can all be
preset. You should assign the REVOKE attribute to unused user IDs.
Creating User IDs for System Operators

You can create user profiles for system operators with the ADDUSER command. An
operator who already has a TSO user ID, for example, could use this user ID to log
on to a console without the need for creating a new user ID.
Note: To keep new passwords from showing up in the system log, system
operators logging on to a console should change their passwords only when
they log on to the system.
Creating User IDs for RRSF Users

Some users might need to use RRSF functions, including:
v Command direction
v Password synchronization
v Use of the RACLINK command to establish and approve user ID associations.
See Chapter 12, The RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF), on page 387 for
more information.
Ownership of a RACF User Profile

Each user defined to RACF has a user profile and all user profiles have another
RACF user or group as the owner. The owner (or a user who is connected to the
owning group and has the group-SPECIAL attribute, or someone with SPECIAL)
can change, list, and delete the users profile and also has control over the users
attributes (including the ability to prevent the user from entering the system).
For a list of the RACF commands that owners of user profiles can issue, see
User Attributes
User attributes are extraordinary capabilities, limitations, or environments that can
be assigned to a user either all of the time or when the user is connected to a
specific group or groups. When an attribute is to apply all of the time, it is specified
at the system level and is called a user attribute. When an attribute is to apply only
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Groups and Users

to a specified group or groups, it is specified at the group level and is called a
group-related user attribute. For example, user attributes that you specify in an
ADDUSER or ALTUSER command are stored in the users profile and are in effect
regardless of the group to which the user is connected.
The user attributes are:
SPECIAL
AUDITOR
OPERATIONS
CLAUTH
REVOKE
GRPACC
ADSP
RESTRICTED
The SPECIAL Attribute

A user who has the SPECIAL attribute can issue all RACF commands. The
SPECIAL attribute gives the user full control over all of the RACF profiles in the
RACF database.
The SPECIAL attribute can be delegated only by a user who has the SPECIAL
attribute. It should be limited to the RACF security and group administrators.
Persons who have the SPECIAL attribute should be required to use operator
identification cards and passwords, and should change their passwords often to
help ensure password security.
Note: Because any user can access an unprotected resource, users who have the
SPECIAL attribute should take care to protect their own data sets, because
they can contain sensitive information.
You can assign the SPECIAL attribute at the group level. When you do, the
group-SPECIAL user has full control over all of the profiles within the scope of the
group. For additional details, see User Attributes at the Group Level on page 79.
For a list of the RACF commands that this attribute allows users to issue, see
The AUDITOR Attribute

A user who has the AUDITOR attribute has the authority to specify logging options
on the ALTDSD, ALTUSER, RALTER, and SETROPTS commands. In addition, the
auditor can list auditing information using the LISTDSD, RLIST, LISTUSER,
LISTGRP, and SEARCH commands, as well as the IRRUT100 utility. The AUDITOR
attribute gives the auditor control of logging to the SMF data set. Logging to SMF
helps to detect changes (or attempted changes) to the RACF database and
accesses (or attempted accesses) of RACF-protected resources.
The user who has the AUDITOR attribute can list all of the profile information that is
available to the SPECIAL user, as well as information that is available to auditors.
Note, however, that this extended listing authority does not give the auditor
additional access to protected data or additional authority to change information in
the RACF database.
If the DSMON program (ICHDSM00) is not defined in the PROGRAM class (it is not
a controlled program), a user must have the AUDITOR attribute to run the DSMON
program. (If DSMON is a controlled program, the AUDITOR attribute is not enough
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Groups and Users

to run it. The user, or the users group, must be in the access list of the DSMON
profile, ICHDSM00, to run the DSMON program.)
You should assign the AUDITOR attribute only to users who are responsible for
auditing RACF security controls and functions. To provide a check and balance on
RACF security measures, you should give the AUDITOR attribute to security or
group administrators other than those who have the SPECIAL attribute.
The AUDITOR attribute can be assigned only by a user (security or group
administrator) who has the SPECIAL attribute.
Note: Because any user can access an unprotected resource, users who have the
AUDITOR attribute should take special care to protect their own data sets,
because they can contain sensitive information.
You can assign the AUDITOR attribute at the group level. When you do, the
group-AUDITOR users authority is limited to profiles that are within the scope of
that group. For detailed information, see User Attributes at the Group Level on
page 79.
For a list of the RACF commands that this attribute allows users to issue, see
The OPERATIONS Attribute

A user who has the OPERATIONS attribute has full access authorization to all
RACF-protected resources in the DATASET, DASDVOL, GDASDVOL, PSFMPL,
TAPEVOL, VMBATCH, VMCMD, VMMDISK, VMNODE, and VMRDR classes, with
the following exceptions:
v If users, their current connect group, or any of their connect groups (if
list-of-groups checking is active) is in the access list of a resource profile, they
have only the access specified in the access list. For this reason, you should
plan carefully before making users who have the OPERATIONS attribute
members of any group that is in the access lists of resource profiles.
v Security classification checking or security label checking can deny access.
In addition to having access authorization, an OPERATIONS user can:
v Copy, reorganize, catalog, and scratch user or group data sets.
Note: The OPERATIONS attribute is required if you use Data Facility Data Set
Services (DFDSS) to copy data sets that result in a DEFINE or a discrete
data set profile for data sets you do not own.
v Perform input/output operations on tape volumes.
v Create or destroy labels on tape volumes through OPEN and end-of-volume
operations.
v Create group data sets for groups.
An OPERATIONS user cannot create group data sets for groups when both of
the following are true:
1. The user is connected to the group with less than CREATE authority
2. The user has less than ALTER access to the data set if it is protected by a
generic profile
If the user has the group-OPERATIONS attribute (that is, the user is connected
to a superior group with the OPERATIONS attribute), the group for which the
new data set is being created must be within the scope of that superior group.
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Groups and Users

v Create user data sets. If the user has the group-OPERATIONS attribute (that is,
the user is connected to a group with the OPERATIONS attribute), the high-level
qualifier of the new data set must be the ID of a user who is within the scope of
that group.
In addition, RACF creates a discrete profile for the user data set if the
OPERATIONS user does one of the following:
Has the automatic data set protection (ADSP) attribute
Specifies PROTECT on the TSO ALLOCATE command that creates the data
set
Specifies PROTECT=YES or SECMODEL=profile-name on the JCL DD
statement that creates the data set
v Define profiles for group data sets when one of the following is true:
The user is not connected to the group of the new data set. If the user has
the group-OPERATIONS attribute (that is, the user is connected to a superior
group with the OPERATIONS attribute), the group for which the new data set
is being created must be within the scope of that superior group.
The user is connected to the group with at least CREATE group authority.
Limiting the Capabilities of the OPERATIONS Attribute: You can limit the
access to existing resources allowed by the OPERATIONS attribute in two ways:
v By placing the OPERATIONS user (or a group to which the user is connected) in
the access list of sensitive resources (using the PERMIT command). The specific
access authority (such as NONE or READ) takes precedence over the
OPERATIONS attribute.
v By using security levels, security categories, or security labels
You can limit the ability of the OPERATIONS user to create group data sets by
ensuring that both of the following are true:
1. The user is connected to the group with less than CREATE authority
2. The user has less than ALTER access to the data set if it is protected by a
generic profile
Guideline: Because the OPERATIONS attribute can permit access to a wide range
of resources, assign this attribute to a minimum number of people. Also, audit those
users to whom you have assigned the OPERATIONS attribute. To do this, a user
with the AUDITOR attribute must issue the following command:
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SETROPTS OPERAUDIT
To reduce the number of users who have the OPERATIONS attribute at the system
level (and therefore have the attribute for all resources in the system), you can
assign the OPERATIONS attribute at the group level. When you do, the
group-OPERATIONS users authority is limited to resources within the scope of the
group. For more information, see The Scope of Authority for the Users with
Group-Level Attributes on page 80 and User Attributes at the Group Level on
page 79.
OPERATIONS and DASDVOL Authority: If a person needs to perform
maintenance activities on DASD volumes, it is more efficient (for RACF processing)
and better (for limiting the resources the person can access) to give the person
authority to those volumes using the PERMIT command than to assign the person
the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS attribute. To give the person authority to
those DASD volumes, define the volumes to RACF and add the person to the
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Groups and Users

access list with the access authority required by the particular resource manager
(such as DFDSS). For more information, see DASD Volume Authority on page
173.
If you have DFDSS or DFSMS, another alternative is to designate the user as a
DFDSS-authorized storage administrator. This method has certain advantages over
both OPERATIONS and DASDVOL authorization. For more information, see
DFDSS-Authorized Storage Administration on page 174.
The OPERATIONS attribute can be delegated only by a user (security or group
administrator) who has the SPECIAL attribute.
For a list of the RACF commands that the OPERATIONS attribute allows users to
issue, see Table 49 on page 655.
The CLAUTH (Class Authority) Attribute

Users receive the CLAUTH attribute on a class-by-class basis. You cannot assign
the CLAUTH attribute at the user or group level. If a user has the CLAUTH attribute
in a class, or in a class that shares the same POSIT value in the class descriptor
table (CDT), RACF allows the user to define profiles in that class.
The classes you can specify with CLAUTH are the USER class and any general
resource class.
Notes:
1. The authority of all users to define profiles in general resource classes can be
limited by issuing the SETROPTS GENERICOWNER command. For more
information, see Restricting the Creation of General Resource Profiles
(GENERICOWNER Option) on page 114.
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2. You must activate the class for which a user has the CLAUTH attribute to
enable the user to define profiles in that class.
3. A users authority to define profiles extends to any class that has the same
POSIT value in the class descriptor table (CDT). For example, if you give a user
CLAUTH(TERMINAL), that user can also define profiles in class GTERMINL,
because both of these classes have the same POSIT value.
For information about the POSIT values of classes in the dynamic portion of the
CDT, and for general information about the CDT, see Chapter 8, Administering
the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT), on page 287. For the information
about the POSIT values of the classes in the static CDT, see the description of
the class descriptor table (CDT) in z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and
Interfaces.
You should give the CLAUTH attribute only to those users who are responsible
for defining profiles to RACF in the specified classes and in any classes with the
same POSIT value.
4. A user to whom you assign the CLAUTH attribute for the USER class is
authorized to define new users to RACF with the ADDUSER command, as long
as the user is the owner of or has JOIN authority in the new users default
group.
The CLAUTH attribute can be delegated only by a user with the SPECIAL attribute,
or by a user who has both the authority to update the user profile and the CLAUTH
attribute for the class authority being delegated.
For a list of the RACF commands that the CLAUTH attribute allows users to issue,
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Groups and Users
The REVOKE Attribute

You can prevent a RACF user from entering the system by assigning the REVOKE
attribute on the ALTUSER command. This attribute is useful when you want to
prevent a user from entering the system but you cannot use the DELUSER
command because the user still owns RACF resource profiles.
You can also assign the REVOKE attribute on a group level by using the
CONNECT command. If the user has the REVOKE attribute for a group, the user
cannot enter the system by connecting to that particular group, or access resources
as a member of that group.
RACF allows you to specify a future date for a REVOKE to occur (at both the
system and the group level). You can also specify a future date to remove the
REVOKE attribute by using the RESUME operand on the ALTUSER command.
Only the owner of a users profile (or a user who has the SPECIAL attribute) can
assign the REVOKE attribute.
The GRPACC (Group Access) Attribute

If a user has the GRPACC attribute, any group data set profiles that the user
defines to RACF (through either the ADSP attribute, the PROTECT parameter on
the DD statement, or the ADDSD command) are automatically made accessible to
other users in the group if the user defining the profile is a member of that group.
The group whose name is used as the high-level qualifier of the data set name is
given UPDATE authority to the data set. Note that, if the defining user does not
have the GRPACC attribute, and profile modeling is not being used, the user must
use the PERMIT command to allow the group to access the group data set.
A user to whom you assign the GRPACC attribute at the user level has this attribute
in all of the groups of which the user is a member. If a user has the GRPACC
attribute at the group level, the attribute applies to only the group in which the user
has the attribute.
You should assign the GRPACC attribute with care, especially if the RACF user to
whom you are assigning the attribute is allowed to RACF-protect group data sets in
several groups. This user could unintentionally authorize groups to access a group
data set to which they should not have access.
assign the GRPACC attribute.
Tips:
1. The use of automatic modeling (for example, the MODEL operand in user and
group profiles) provides more flexibility than the GRPACC attribute.
2. You can provide more flexible coverage for all users, in some resource classes,
by using appropriate &RACGPID entries in the global access checking table.
For more information, see Table 18 on page 211.
The ADSP (Automatic Data Set Protection) Attribute

When a user has the ADSP attribute, RACF always automatically creates a discrete
profile every time the user defines a permanent DASD or tape data set. (For tape
data sets, the TAPEDSN and TAPEVOL options must be active.)
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Groups and Users

You can assign ADSP at the group level using the CONNECT command. If
assigned at the group level, ADSP is in effect only when that group is the users
current connect group.
If generic profile checking is active, you should consider removing the users ADSP
attribute. You can do this on a user-by-user basis with the ALTUSER command, or
for an entire installation by using the NOADSP operand on the SETROPTS
command.
A data set created under ADSP is accessible only to the user who created it, unless
other users or groups are added to the access list (such as through the PERMIT
command, the GRPACC user attribute, or modeling), or if global access checking
allows the access.
Only the owner of a users profile (or a user who has the SPECIAL attribute) has
control over the ADSP attribute.
Attention
A DASD data set is defined to RACF at allocation. If the data set disposition is
changed at deallocation (through dynamic deallocation), the change is not
reflected in the RACF database. For example, if the data set disposition is
DELETE at allocation and KEEP at deallocation, the data set is not
automatically RACF-protected. However, RACF performs generic profile
checking if you have activated this option for the DATASET class by specifying
GENERIC(DATASET) on the SETROPTS command.
The RESTRICTED Attribute

You can prevent RACF users from gaining access to protected resources they are
not specifically authorized to access by assigning the RESTRICTED attribute on the
ADDUSER or ALTUSER command. See Defining Restricted User IDs on page 88
for more information.
assign the RESTRICTED attribute.
User Attributes at the Group Level

You can specify the SPECIAL, AUDITOR, and OPERATIONS user attributes at the
group level by using the CONNECT command. When you specify these attributes at
the group level, they are identified as group-SPECIAL, group-AUDITOR, and
group-OPERATIONS to distinguish them from attributes at the system level.
Group attributes are indicated in the description of the user-to-group connection in
the user profile. Unless list-of-group checking is active, group attributes are in effect
for the user only when the user is connected to the group during a batch job or
terminal session.
If list-of-groups checking is active, then, regardless of which group the user is
logged on to (the current connect group), RACF recognizes the users group-related
attributes in the users other connect groups. (It is as though the user was logged
on to each group at the same time.) For more information on list-of-groups
checking, see Activating List-of-Groups Checking (GRPLIST Option) on page 112.
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Groups and Users

When you initially define a new user, the users connection to the default group
does not indicate any group-related attributes. You can then use the CONNECT
command to define the users group attributes within the default group.
The Scope of Authority for the Users with Group-Level Attributes

The authority of the group-SPECIAL, group-AUDITOR, and group-OPERATIONS
users is limited to the resources that are within the scope of the group. For details
about users with group-level attributes and their scope of authority related to
resources, users and resources, see Table 7 on page 81, Figure 5 on page 83, and
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Resources, not users or other groups, that are within the scope of the group include
the following.
v Resources owned by the group (for example, GROUP1.DATA owned by
GROUP1)
v Resources that are owned by users who are owned by the group (for example,
USER2.DATA owned by USER2 who is owned by GROUP1)
v Resources that are owned by subgroups that are owned by the group (for
example, GROUP2.DATA owned by GROUP2, which is owned by GROUP1)
v Resources that are owned by subgroups that are owned by subgroups, owned by
the group, and so on (for example, GROUPZ.DATA owned by GROUPZ, which is
owned by GROUP2, which in turn is owned by GROUP1).
Note that the scope of the group does not extend to the following resources:
v Resources that are owned by groups that are owned by users who are owned by
the group (for example, GROUPY.DATA owned by GROUPY which is owned by
USER2 who is owned by GROUP1)
v Resources owned by users who are, in turn, owned by users who are owned by
the group (for example, USER6.DATA owned by USER6 who is, in turn, owned
by USER5 who is owned by GROUP2).
By establishing the group structure so that subgroups are owned by their superior
groups, the authority of the group-SPECIAL, group-OPERATIONS, and
group-AUDITOR user can be made to percolate down through the group tree
structure as far as the security administrator desires. When a users attribute
percolates down from a group to which the user is connected with the group
attribute, the users authority in the subgroups is the same as if the user was
connected directly to the subgroups with the group attribute.
Note: The data security monitor (DSMON) produces a group tree report that lists,
for each requested group, all of its subgroups, all of the subgroups
subgroups, and so on. This report can be very useful in checking to which
subgroups the authority of the group-SPECIAL, group-OPERATIONS, or
group-AUDITOR applies. For more information on the group tree report, see
z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide.
The limits of the security administrator, group administrator, auditor, and operations
personnel authority at the group level are described in Table 7 on page 81. (Of
course, these users continue to have whatever authorities they possess from other
sources, such as ownership, that are not covered by their group-level authorities.)
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Groups and Users

Table 7. Scope of Authority for User Attributes at the Group Level
Resource
Data Sets
Attribute, User, and Authority

Group-SPECIAL Attribute:
A user with the group-SPECIAL attribute has full authority to work with:
v Data set profiles that are owned by the group
v Data set profiles that have a high-level qualifier that is the same as the group identifier
v Data set profiles that are owned by users or groups that are owned by the group
v Data set profiles that have a high-level qualifier that is a user or group identifier owned
by the group
The group-SPECIAL user can also define data set profiles with a high-level qualifier that
is the group identifier or a user or group identifier owned by the group.
Group-AUDITOR and Group-OPERATIONS Attributes:
A user with the group-AUDITOR or group-OPERATIONS attribute can perform all of the
functions of an auditor or operator, but is limited to the same subset of data sets as the
user with the group-SPECIAL attribute.
General
Resources
A user who has the group-SPECIAL attribute has full authority to work with:
v Resource profiles that are owned by that group
v Resource profiles belonging to users or groups that are owned by the group
To create new resources, the user must have the CLAUTH attribute in the applicable
class.
Group-AUDITOR and Group-OPERATIONS attributes:
A user who has the AUDITOR or OPERATIONS attribute can perform all of the functions
of an auditor or operator, but is limited to the same above subset of resources as the
user with the group-SPECIAL attribute.
Users
A user with the group-SPECIAL attribute has full authority to work with:
v User profiles that are owned by the group
v User profiles that are owned by a subgroup that is owned by the group, by a subgroup
that is owned by a subgroup that is owned by the group, and so on
The group-SPECIAL user must have the CLAUTH attribute in a class in order to give the
CLAUTH attribute to another user in that class. The group-SPECIAL user cannot give a
user the SPECIAL, AUDITOR, or OPERATIONS attribute at a system level, but can
assign these attributes at the group level. To create new users, the group-SPECIAL user
must have the CLAUTH attribute in the USER class.
Group-AUDITOR Attribute:
A user who has the group-AUDITOR attribute can perform all of the functions of an
auditor, but is limited to the same subset of users as the user with the group-SPECIAL
attribute.
Groups
A user who has the group-SPECIAL attribute has authority over that group, over
subgroups owned by that group, and so on. The group-SPECIAL user can connect any
user to, or remove any user from, any group that is included in this authority.
The following two figures show the scope of authority of a group-SPECIAL user.
Figure 5 on page 83 shows a typical authority structure containing three major
groups: Groups 1, 2, and 3.
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Groups and Users

Figure 6 on page 84 shows the addition of a new element: a new user, USER1, is
connected to Group 1. The resultant authority USER1 receives as a
group-SPECIAL user is highlighted (the non-shaded area) in part 2 of this figure.
USER1 has authority to the profiles in the non-shaded area for the reasons
summarized in Table 7 on page 81. USER1 does not have authority to any of the
resources in the shaded area for the following reasons:
v GROUP1 does not own IBMUSER, GROUP3, USER3, or USER4.
v GROUP1 does not own GROUPY.
v Neither GROUP1 nor GROUP2 own USER6.
v USER3.DATA is not owned by a user who is owned by GROUP1.
v USER4.DATA is not owned by a user who is owned by GROUP1. USER1 cannot
display the profile information for this data set with LISTDSD, even if USER2, for
example, is in its access list. (However, if USER1 runs the IRRUT100 utility,
RACF informs USER1 that USER2 is in the access list of USER4.DATA.)
v U4A is not a general resource that is owned by a user who is owned by
GROUP1.
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Groups and Users
SYS1
IBMUSER
GROUP1
GROUP1.DATA
GROUPX
GROUPX.DATA
GROUP3
USER2
USER2.DATA
GROUPY
GROUPY.DATA
Connect
GROUP2
GROUP2.DATA
USER5
USER3
USER4
USER3.DATA
GROUP2.CLIST
USER4.DATA
U4A
in class
TIMS
GROUPZ
USER5.DATA
GROUPZ.DATA
USER6
USER6.DATA
Figure 5. Group-Level Authority Structure
83
Groups and Users
SYS1
Group-SPECIAL
USER1
Connect
IBMUSER
GROUP1
GROUP1.DATA
GROUPX
GROUPX.DATA
GROUP3
USER2
USER2.DATA
GROUPY
GROUPY.DATA
Connect
GROUP2
GROUP2.DATA
USER5
USER3
USER4
USER3.DATA
USER4.DATA
GROUP2.CLIST
U4A
in class
TIMS
GROUPZ
USER5.DATA
GROUPZ.DATA
USER6
USER6.DATA
Figure 6. Scope of Authority of a Group-SPECIAL User
Suggestions for Assigning User Attributes

When defining users to RACF with the ADDUSER command, or when modifying
user attributes with the ALTUSER command, RACF security and group
administrators should assign:
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Groups and Users

v SPECIAL, AUDITOR, and OPERATIONS attributes to only those users
responsible for administering RACF on a system-wide basis
v CLAUTH attributes to only those users who are responsible for defining other
users and general resources
v RESTRICTED attribute to only those user IDs that should not gain access to
protected resources they are not specifically authorized to access
Note: You cannot assign the ADSP attribute to a user who allocates space for data
sets that do not meet the RACF or installation naming conventions.
Verifying User Attributes

The data security monitor (DSMON) generates reports that describe the current
status of the data security environment at your installation. Two of these reports, the
selected user attribute report and the selected user attribute summary report, are
useful for verifying the attributes that you have assigned.
The selected user attribute report lists all RACF users with the SPECIAL,
OPERATIONS, AUDITOR, or REVOKE attributes and specifies whether they
possess these attributes on a system-wide (user) or group level. You can use this
report to verify that only those users whom you want authorized to perform certain
functions have been assigned the corresponding attribute.
The selected user attribute summary report shows the number of
installation-defined users and totals for users with the SPECIAL, OPERATIONS,
AUDITOR, and REVOKE attributes, at both the system and group level. You can
use this report to verify that the number of users with each of these attributes, on
either a system or group level, is the number that your installation wants.
Default Universal Access Authority (UACC)

Each user who is connected to a group is assigned a default universal access
authority (UACC) of NONE, READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, or ALTER. You can
specify this default UACC on the ADDUSER, ALTUSER, or CONNECT command. If
you do not specify a value for UACC, RACF uses NONE as a users default
universal access authority.
RACF uses this default UACC for all new resources that a user defines while
connected to the specified default group as follows:
v When a user issues the ADDSD command to define a new data set profile and
does not specify a value for the UACC operand, RACF uses the default UACC
as the UACC for the profile unless profile modelling is used.
v When a user issues the RDEFINE command to define a new general resource
profile and does not specify a value for the UACC operand, RACF uses the
default UACC as the UACC for the profile unless a value for UACC is specified
in the class descriptor table (CDT).
For more information on using the UACC operand on the ADDUSER, ALTUSER,
and CONNECT commands, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.
Assigning Security Categories, Levels, and Labels to Users

You can assign security categories and security levels to users and sensitive
resources. You can also assign security labels, which are a combination of security
levels and security categories, and are more easily maintained, to users and
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Groups and Users

sensitive resources. User profiles and resource profiles that have been assigned a
security label need not be changed if the definition of a security label is changed.
A security category is an installation-defined name corresponding to department or
area within an organization that has similar security requirements. A security level is
an installation-defined name that is associated with a number in the range 1
through 254.
If security levels and categories are being used (the SECDATA class is active), and
security labels are not being used (the SECLABEL class is not active), RACF takes
the following steps when a user requests access to a resource that has a security
category or a security level associated with it:
1. If the resource has a SECLEVEL, RACF compares the security level of the user
with the security level of the resource. If the resource has a higher security level
than the user, RACF denies the request.
For a terminal session, the security level that RACF uses for the user is the
lower of the users SECLEVEL and the terminals SECLEVEL. Thus, if the
terminal has a SECLEVEL of 50 and the user has a SECLEVEL of 100, the
user cannot access, through that terminal, any data that has a SECLEVEL of
over 50. RACF then proceeds to the category check.
If the resource does not have a SECLEVEL, RACF proceeds to the category
check in Step 2.
2. RACF compares the list of security categories in the users profile with the
security categories in the resource profile. If the users security level is high
enough to access the resource, RACF compares the list of security categories
in the users profile with the list of security categories in the resources profile. If
RACF finds any security category in the resource profile that is not in the users
profile, RACF denies the request. If RACF does not deny the request, RACF
continues with authorization processing. If there are no categories in the
resource profile, RACF continues with authorization processing.
If your installation has activated the SECLABEL class, and a user requests access
to a resource that has a security label associated with it, RACF ignores any security
level or security categories that are specified in the resource profile. Instead, RACF
performs security label authorization checking, which involves the security levels
and categories that are used to define the security labels of the resource and the
user.
You can use security labels as a simple replacement for security levels and
categories, with the same access authority requirements, or you can use
SETROPTS options such as MLACTIVE and MLS to set up a more rigorous
security environment. For more information on how the SETROPTS options change
the effects of security labels, see Security Label Authorization Checking on page
736. For more information on security classification of users and data, see
Chapter 4, Classifying Users and Data, on page 95.
Limiting When a User Can Access the System

Installations can limit a users ability to log on by limiting:
v The users ability to log on to the system to certain days of the week, and certain
hours within each day
v The use of individual terminals (in the TERMINAL class only) to certain days of
the week, and certain hours within each day
86
Groups and Users

To limit the times during which a user can enter the system, use the WHEN
operand on the ADDUSER and ALTUSER commands. For example, to specify that
USER12 can enter the system only on weekdays between the hours of 7:00 a.m.
and 5:00 p.m., enter:
ADDUSER USER12 WHEN(DAYS(WEEKDAYS) TIME(0700:1700))
Similarly, to control when users can access the system from a specific terminal,
specify the WHEN operand on the RDEFINE and RALTER commands for the
appropriate profile. For example, to specify that terminal TRM07C can be used at
any time during the week, but not at all during the weekend, enter:
RDEFINE TERMINAL TRM07C WHEN(DAYS(WEEKDAYS))
Note that on the RDEFINE command, TIME(ANYTIME) is the default.

The WHEN operand on these commands (for both users and terminals) allows you
to specify individual days and specific times within these days.
RACF also provides support for installations that have terminals in different time
zones by associating with each terminal its location relative to the local time where
the processor complex on which RACF is executing is located.
Note: RACF does not provide any specific support for daylight savings time. If the
installation changes the value of the local time (as given by the TIME macro)
to accommodate daylight savings time, RACF automatically adjusts its time
calculations accordingly. However, if any terminals are located in an area
that does not follow the same time adjustment, you must adjust the terminal
information.
For more information on the WHEN operand, see the command descriptions in
z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
Time-of-Day and Day-of-Week Checking for Users and Terminals

The time and day-of-week checking for users and terminals applies when users log
on to terminals from products such as TSO/E, IMS, CICS, and NetView (beginning
with Release 2), but does not apply to batch jobs or started tasks.
User verification processing includes the following time/day-of-week checks:
1. The users authority to use the specific terminal. If the profile protecting the
terminal does not have any time or day-of-week information, the user can log
on. If there is time and day-of-week information, RACF calculates the
time-of-day at the location of the terminal from which the user is logging on (if
that time is different from the time-of-day at the location of the processor
complex), and checks whether the terminal can be used at this time on this day
of the week.
2. The users authority to access the system. If the users profile does not have
any time or day-of-week information, the user can log on. If there is time and
day-of-week information, RACF calculates the time-of-day at the location of the
terminal from which the user is logging on (if that time is different from the
time-of-day at the location of the processor complex), and checks whether the
user can enter the system.
Defining Protected User IDs

You can define a protected user ID by assigning both the NOPASSWORD and
NOOIDCARD attributes through the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command. Protected
user IDs are protected from being used to logon to the system, and from being
87
Groups and Users

revoked through incorrect password attempts. However, they can be revoked using
the ALTUSER (userid) REVOKE command. If revoked, protected user IDs can be
activated using the ALTUSER (userid) RESUME command.
A protected user ID cannot be used to enter the system by any method that uses a
supplied password, such as TSO logon, CICS signon, z/OS UNIX rlogin, or batch
job submissions when a password is specified using the PASSWORD parameter of
the JOB statement. Before assigning the PROTECTED attribute to a user ID, you
should ensure that the user ID will not be used in any situation where specification
of a password is required.
You may wish to assign protected user IDs to z/OS UNIX, and to the UNIX
daemons, started procedures, applications, servers or subsystems associated with
z/OS UNIX, to minimize their exposure to inadvertent or malicious misuse or
revocation. Surrogate-submitted batch jobs can use protected user IDs. See Using
Protected User IDs for Batch Jobs on page 474 for more information. Protected
users can be associated with started procedures defined in the STARTED class
(preferred method) or in the started procedures table (ICHRIN03). For more
information, see Assigning RACF User IDs to Started Procedures on page 143.
The following example shows the ALTUSER command used to assign the
PROTECTED attribute to an existing user ID.
ALTUSER SERVER8 NOPASSWORD
A protected user ID will have the PROTECTED attribute displayed in the output of
the LISTUSER command.
To remove the PROTECTED attribute from an existing user ID, use the ALTUSER
command to assign a password:
|
|
|
ALTUSER SERVER8 PASSWORD(password)
Using Protected User IDs with Downlevel Systems

If you share the RACF database, protected user IDs may be used to attempt logon
from systems running OS/390 releases prior to OS/390 Version 2 Release 8. This
may result in protected user IDs being revoked through malicious or inadvertent
incorrect password attempts from downlevel systems. To avoid this, you should
make sure that z/OS, or OS/390 Version 2 Release 8 or later, is installed on all
shared systems before defining protected user IDs.
Do not issue ADDUSER and ALTUSER commands specifying the
PASSWORD/NOPASSWORD or OIDCARD/NOOIDCARD operands to administer
protected user IDs from downlevel systems. If an existing protected user ID is
administered from a downlevel system using the ALTUSER command with these
operands, the user ID may lose its PROTECTED attribute.
A LISTUSER command issued for a protected user ID from a downlevel system will
not display the PROTECTED attribute.
Defining Restricted User IDs

You can define a restricted user ID by assigning the RESTRICTED attribute through
the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command. Restricted user IDs cannot be used to
access protected resources they are not specifically authorized to access. Access
authorization for restricted user IDs bypasses global access checking. In addition,
the UACC of a resource and an ID(*) entry on the access list are not used to
enable a restricted user ID to gain access.
88
Groups and Users

The RESTRICTED attribute does not prevent users from gaining access to z/OS
UNIX file system resources unless you take certain steps. See Controlling access
to file system resources for restricted users on page 550 for information about
preventing restricted users from gaining access to file system resources they are
not explicitly authorized to access.
The RESTRICTED attribute can be added to shared user IDs, such as PUBLIC and
ANONYMOS, that are assigned by application servers that allow users to enter the
system without identifying themselves. Without the RESTRICTED attribute, users
that are assigned shared user IDs can gain access to any resource that has an
ID(*) entry in the access list, UACC, or global entry that allows access.
The following example shows the ALTUSER command used to assign the
RESTRICTED attribute to an existing shared user ID.
ALTUSER ANONYMOS RESTRICTED
A restricted user ID has the RESTRICTED attribute displayed in the output of the
LISTUSER command.
Using Restricted User IDs for Digital Certificate Users

Users who identify themselves by supplying a digital certificate that is not registered
to RACF are eligible for certificate name filtering. These users may be assigned a
RACF user ID on your system if there is an applicable name filter in effect. See
Certificate Name Filtering on page 569 for more information.
To prevent users who gain access through certificate name filtering from accessing
protected resources they are not specifically authorized to access, you should
assign restricted user IDs to each user ID associated with a certificate name filter.
Using Restricted User IDs with Downlevel Systems

If you share the RACF database, restricted user IDs may be used to access
resources they are not specifically authorized to access on downlevel systems that
do not support restricted user IDs. To avoid this, you should make sure that
certificate name filtering support is installed on all shared systems before defining
restricted user IDs.
A LISTUSER command issued for a restricted user ID from a downlevel system will
not display the RESTRICTED attribute.
Summary of Steps for Defining Users

programs to define users to RACF. Your installation may require additional steps,
depending on your security policy and the products you have installed.
1. Prepare to create the user profile as follows:
v Decide which default connect group to assign to the user. If a group profile
does not yet exist for the group, create the group using the procedure
described in Summary of Steps for Defining a RACF Group on page 59.
v Decide which user ID to assign to the user.
v Decide which user or group is to be the owner of the user profile. (If the
owner is a user, give him or her the information needed to manage the new
profile.)
v Decide what initial password to assign to the user. (If you do not specify a
password, the new users default group name becomes the new users initial
password. You might prefer to specify a non-trivial password.)
89
Groups and Users

v Determine if the users access to the system should be limited to certain days
of the week, hours of the day, or both.
v Decide which user attributes (such as SPECIAL or AUDITOR) the user
should have, and whether the user attributes should be limited to the scope
of a group (group-SPECIAL or group-AUDITOR).
v If security labels are used, decide which security label to assign to the user.
v Decide whether the user can establish user ID associations to enable
password synchronization and command direction between user IDs. See
Chapter 12, The RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF), on page 387 for
more information.
v If DFSMS is installed, work with the storage administrator to do the following:
Determine the initial values in the users DFP segment.
Determine which DFP resources the user should have access to.
v Determine which primary and secondary languages the user should have (if
they should be different from the installation defaults set by the SETROPTS
command).
2. If you want to authorize the user to establish an extended MCS console
session, work with the system operations planner to determine the initial values
in the users OPERPARM segment. For more information, see The
OPERPARM Segment in User Profiles on page 68 and z/OS MVS Planning:
Operations.
3. If the user is a CICS user, work with the CICS administrator to do the following:
v Determine the initial values in the users CICS segment.
v Determine which primary and secondary languages the user should have (if
they should be different from the CICS-specified installation defaults).
Note: CICS does not check the installation defaults set by the SETROPTS
command.
v Determine the CICS resources to which the user should have access.
v For other more specific information, see CICS RACF Security Guide.
4. Work with the APPC administrator to do the following:
v Determine the initial values in the users WORKATTR segment.
v Determine which APPC/MVS resources the user should have access to.
5. Create the user profile. You can use any of the following methods:
v Issuing the ADDUSER command.
v Enrolling the user through the TSO/E Information Center Facility (ICF) panels.
For more information about administering the Information Center Facility, see
z/OS TSO/E Administration.
Here is an example of using the ADDUSER command to create a user profile.
Suppose you want to create a user profile for user Steve H., a member of
Department A. You want to assign the following values:
v STEVEH for the user ID
v DEPTA for the default connect group
v DEPTA for the owner of the STEVEH user profile
v R3I5VQX for the initial password
v Steve H. for the users name
Steve H. does not require any of the user profile segments except TSO. The
TSO segment values that you want to set to start with are 123456 for the
account number and PROC01 for the logon procedure.
To create a user profile with these values, enter:
90
Groups and Users

ADDUSER STEVEH DFLTGRP(DEPTA) OWNER(DEPTA) NAME(Steve H.)
PASSWORD(R315VQX) TSO(ACCTNUM(123456) PROC(PROC01))
6. Create a top generic profile for the user in the DATASET class using the
ADDSD command.
For example, if the users user ID is STEVEH, enter:
ADDSD STEVEH.** UACC(NONE)
7. If users at your installation manage their own resource profiles, give them the
information they need. For example, they might need to use portions of z/OS
Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
8. If the user is to define general resource profiles, (as, for example, an
administrator might), give the user the CLAUTH attribute in the appropriate
classes and the information needed for working with those profiles, for example,
the JESSPOOL class.
Note: If the SETROPTS GENERICOWNER option is in effect, you must create
a top profile for the user in the JESSPOOL class, make the user the
owner of the profile, and give the user CLAUTH(JESSPOOL). For more
information, see Letting Users Create Their Own JESSPOOL Profiles
on page 503 and Defining Profiles for SYSIN and SYSOUT Data Sets
on page 501.
9. If needed, give the user access to RACF-protected resources. This can be done
using one or both of the following:
v Connect the user to groups that have the same access requirements as this
user, using the CONNECT command.
For example, to allow user STEVEH to have access to his departments
resources (that is, to resources belonging to group DEPTA), enter:
CONNECT STEVEH GROUP(DEPTA) OWNER(DEPTA)
By default, the command gives USE authority to STEVEH.

v If the user requires specific access to RACF-protected resources (beyond
that permitted by connecting the user to groups), give the user the access
required, using the PERMIT command.
Consider the following:
If the user is a TSO user, remember the necessary TSO resources (such
as TSOPROC).
If data sets are managed by SMS, remember the MGMTCLAS and
STORCLAS classes.
For example, to give user STEVEH permission to use a customized TSO
logon procedure called CUSTPROC (whose profile in the TSOPROC general
resource class has already been defined with a universal access of NONE),
enter:
PERMIT CUSTPROC CLASS(TSOPROC) ID(STEVEH) ACCESS(READ)
Summary of Steps for Deleting Users

programs to delete users from RACF. Your installation may require additional steps,
depending on your security policy and the products you have installed.
1. To prevent the user from entering the system, revoke the user ID:
ALTUSER userid REVOKE
2. If the user is already logged onto the system, or has a job running on the
system, ask the system operator to examine any logons (or jobs) for the user
and cancel those that should not be allowed to continue.
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Groups and Users

3. Use the RACLINK LIST command to see if the user has any user ID
associations defined. If so, use the RACLINK UNDEFINE command to delete
them. You cant delete a user ID that has any associations defined. See
Chapter 12, The RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF), on page 387 for
more information.
4. Find all of the data sets associated with this user (that is, data sets for which
the users user ID is the high-level qualifier of the data set name) and take the
following steps:
a. Delete or rename (with a new high-level qualifier) the users user data sets.
If you rename or delete a data set that is protected by a discrete profile,
the discrete profile is also renamed or deleted.
Tip: You can do this using the DATA SET LIST utility of ISPF.
b. Identify all of the remaining (generic) data set profiles, create new ones
modeled on them if needed, and then delete the remaining profiles.
Recommendation: Make sure that you do not delete an old profile unless
it is no longer needed.
Tips:
1) You can use the following SEARCH command to identify the users
data set profiles:
SEARCH MASK(userid.) CLIST(LISTDSD ALL)
As specified, the CLIST operand generates a CLIST that you can run
to list all of the information in the data set profiles. This can help you
assess whether to use the profiles as models.
2) You can use the FROM operand on the ADDSD command to create
new profiles modeled on the old profiles.
If the user has profiles in other classes (such as the JESSPOOL,
JESJOBS, and NODES classes) that might have the users user ID in their
profile names, use the FILTER operand on the SEARCH command. For
example:
SEARCH CLASS(classname) FILTER(**.userid.**)
CLIST(RDELETE classname)
5. To research the following steps, use the IRRRID00 utility to list the
occurrences of the user ID in the RACF database. For information, see Using
the RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) on page 372.
6. If the user is the owner of group data set profiles (the users user ID was
specified on the OWNER operand on the ADDSD or ALTDSD command for the
group data set profile), decide which user or group is to be the new owner of
the group data set profiles.
Tip: If the user is the owner of any group data set profiles, specify the new
owner on the OWNER operand of the REMOVE command.
7. If the user is a TSO user and has a SYS1.UADS entry, work with the TSO
administrator to delete the entry.
8. If the user is a CICS user and has an entry in the CICS signon table, work
with the CICS administrator to delete the entry.
9. Remove the user from any access lists in which the users user ID is specified.
Tip: To do this, use the DELETE operand on the PERMIT command.
For example, suppose user ELVIS has update permission to a set of data sets
defined in the PROJA.** profile. To remove ELVIS from the profiles access list,
enter:
PERMIT PROJA.** ID(ELVIS) DELETE
10. If the user owns any RACF profiles, change the OWNER field of the profile.
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Groups and Users

Tip: To do this, use the appropriate command for changing profiles, such as
ALTUSER or RALTER.
11. After all occurrences of the user ID are deleted from the RACF database, use
the DELUSER command to delete the user profile.
For example, to delete the profile for user ELVIS, enter: DELUSER ELVIS
General Considerations for User ID Delegation

This section discusses things to consider for delegating administrative tasks to other
users.
v In general, centralize first, delegate later.
v Consider the trade-offs:
Should one user handle all of the administration workload?
Should many users all be learning RACF simultaneously?
v RACF groups (not users) should own resource profiles.
v Authorize groups rather than users to resource profiles.
v Delegate power (group-SPECIAL) with care.
v Have standby SPECIAL and OPERATIONS user IDs for emergency situations.
Recommendation: Carefully limit who has knowledge of the passwords for
standby user IDs, and change them when personnel changes occur.
v After control has been given, it is difficult to take it away again.
v Group-SPECIAL is the most powerful authority a user can have at the group
level.
Group-SPECIAL enables the user to use more commands.
Group-SPECIAL also percolates to other groups, as far as the scope of the
group allows.
Choose the best current option for your installation.
v For authority over a single group of resources based on protection objectives,
use JOIN and CLAUTH(USER).
v For authority over one or more groups of resources based on protection
objectives and scope of the group, use group-SPECIAL and CLAUTH(USER).
Note: The group-SPECIAL attribute allows password resetting for user IDs within
the group whereas JOIN does not.
Figure 7 on page 94 shows delegating authority in another way.
93
In order to:
A RACF-defined user must have

((
OR
OR
)
Create new
RACF users
JOIN
Connect or remove
existing
RACF users
CONNECT
Owner
of
Group
AND
GroupSPECIAL
OR
CLAUTH
(USER)
SystemSPECIAL
Modify grouprelated fields

in a user profile
List in a user profile
Modify most fields
in a user profile
Delete a user profile
A combination of authorities is required to create new RACF users.

For example, to create a new RACF user, the creating user must have at least
one of the following and have the CLAUTH(USER) attribute:
v JOIN group authority in the new users default group
or
v Be the owner of the new users default group
or
v Have group-SPECIAL in the new users default group
or
v Have SPECIAL
Figure 7. Delegating Authority (User Profiles)
94
Chapter 4. Classifying Users and Data

Security Classification of Users and Data . . . . . .
Effect On RACF Authorization Checking . . . . .
Security Levels and Security Categories . . . .
Security Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding Security Levels and Security Categories .
CATEGORY and SECLEVEL Information in Profiles .
Converting from LEVEL to SECLEVEL . . . . . .
Deleting UNKNOWN Categories . . . . . . . .
Maintaining Categories in an RRSF Environment . .
Understanding Security Labels . . . . . . . . . .
Comparing Security Labels . . . . . . . . . .
Considerations Related to Security Labels . . . .
How Users Specify Current Security Labels . . . .
Listing Security Labels . . . . . . . . . . .
Displaying the Default Security Label for a User ID
Displaying the Current Security Label for a User ID
Finding Out Which Security Labels a User Can Use .
Searching by Security Labels . . . . . . . . .
Restricting Security Label Changes . . . . . . .
Requiring Security Labels . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the write-down Privilege . . . . . .
Steps for Controlling the write-down Privilege. .
Planning Considerations for Security Labels . . . .
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This chapter contains an overview of using security levels, categories, and labels to
classify users and data.
Reference: For detailed information and procedures for implementing security
levels, categories, and labels to achieve a multilevel-secure environments, see z/OS
Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria.
Security Classification of Users and Data

Security classification of users and data allows installations to impose additional
access controls on sensitive resources. Each user and each resource can have a
security classification in its profile. You can choose among the following:
v Security levels, security categories, or both
v You can use security labels, which are a combination of security levels and
security categories, and are easier to maintain
A security level (SECLEVEL) is an installation-defined name that corresponds to a
numerical security level (the higher the number, the higher the security level).
A security category (CATEGORY) is an installation-defined name that corresponds
to a department or an area within an organization in which the users have similar
security requirements.
A security label (SECLABEL) is an installation-defined name that corresponds to a
security level and zero or more security categories.
This section discusses security levels and security categories first. Security labels
are discussed later (see Understanding Security Labels on page 99).
95
Security Classification
Effect On RACF Authorization Checking

For RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH access checking, security classification
processing takes place after global access checking (if active), but before RACF
checks the standard access list. If global access checking does not allow access to
the resource, RACF does security classification processing for any resource that is
protected by a profile that has security category or security level data. (For
information on global access checking, see Setting Up the Global Access Checking
Table on page 206. For a complete list of the sequence of checks that RACF
makes to grant or deny access to a resource, see Authorization Checking for
RACF-Protected Resources on page 719.)
Attention
Because RACF performs global access checking before many of the other
kinds of access authority checks, such as security label checking or access list
checking, global access checking might allow access to a resource you are
otherwise protecting. To avoid a security exposure to a sensitive resource, do
not create an entry in the global access checking table for a resource
protected by a profile that contains a security level, security category, or
security label (if the security label in the profile is SYSLOW, a global access
checking table entry with an access authority of READ can be created). See
Authorization Checking for RACF-Protected Resources on page 719.
Security Levels and Security Categories

Security classification processing consists of a two-step checking process that
occurs when RACF is processing an authorization request. (Note that the SECDATA
class must be active, the SECLABEL class must not be active, and the protecting
resource profile must have security levels or security categories.)
1. RACF compares the security level of the user with the security level of the
resource. If the resource has a higher security level than the user, RACF denies
the request.
For a terminal session, the security level that RACF uses for the user is the
lower of the users SECLEVEL and the terminals SECLEVEL. Thus if the
terminal has a SECLEVEL of 50 and the user has a SECLEVEL of 100, the
user cannot access, through that terminal, any data that has a SECLEVEL of
over 50.
2. RACF compares the list of security categories in the users profile with the list of
security categories in the resources profile. If RACF finds any security category
in the resource profile that is not in the users profile, RACF denies the request.
If RACF does not deny the request, RACF continues with authorization
processing. If there are no categories in the resource profile, RACF continues
with authorization processing.
Security Labels
Security label authorization checking is dependent on the concept of controlling
user access to resources on the basis of three factors:
1. The sensitivity of the data that the resource contains
2. The users authorization to access information at that level of sensitivity
3. The purpose for which the user is attempting to access the resource
The security administrator indicates the sensitivity of the data in the resource as
well as the authorization of the user by assigning appropriate security labels in the
resource or user profile.
96
Security label authorization checking involves comparing the users security label
with the security label of the resource. A user who lacks sufficient authorization is
prevented from accessing information in the resource.
Three requested access levels are supported for security label authorization
checking:
Read-only
A user is attempting to read information from a resource.

Examples:
v TSO LISTBC command
v OPEN macro for READ
Write-only
A user is attempting to write information to a resource (with no

reading).
Examples:
v TSO SEND command (when the recipient of the message has a
lower security classification than the sender)
v Writing a new entry in a z/OS UNIX directory
Read-write
A user is attempting to access a resource for the purpose of both

reading and writing.
Example:
v OPEN macro for WRITE
For detailed information, see Security Label Authorization Checking on page 736.
Understanding Security Levels and Security Categories

When RACF is first installed, security classification of users and data is inactive. To
use security levels and categories, activate the SECDATA class (but not the
SECLABEL class).
You can choose to use one or both parts of security classification processing. To
use security level checking, you must define a profile in the SECDATA general
resource class with the name SECLEVEL. To use security category checking, you
must define a profile in the SECDATA general resource class with the name
CATEGORY. The installation names for security categories and security levels are
then defined as members of these profiles (in a manner similar to the global access
table entries). You maintain the member entries by using the ADDMEM operand on
the RDEFINE command and the ADDMEM and DELMEM operands on the RALTER
command.
In the CATEGORY profile, the member entries are the names of the security
categories. In the SECLEVEL profile, each member entry consists of a security level
name followed by its associated security level number.
Note: You cannot define a SECLEVEL for a SECLEVEL profile in the SECDATA
class. As a result, RACF does not perform security level checking when
determining a users authority to access a SECLEVEL profile. Also, if you
issue the RLIST SECDATA SECLEVEL command to display a SECLEVEL
profile, RACF does not display values in the SECLEVEL or CATEGORY
fields of the profile.
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CATEGORY and SECLEVEL Information in Profiles

The RACF commands for users, data sets, and general resources allow you to
define and maintain security classification information. Some examples of
commands with security category and security level information follow. (For
complete information on these commands, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Command Language Reference.)The examples assume that the SECLEVEL and
CATEGORY tables shown earlier have been defined.
Converting from LEVEL to SECLEVEL

Many installations use the LEVEL field for their own implementation of security-level
checking. To convert these profiles to use SECLEVEL instead, installations can use
the SEARCH command to search for profiles that have a specified value in the
LEVEL field. Installations can use the SEARCH command with the CLIST option to
locate all data set profiles with certain LEVEL values, and convert them to use
SECLEVEL instead.
Attention
Before converting from the use of LEVEL to SECLEVEL, all user profiles must
have the appropriate SECLEVELs (if the SECDATA class is activated).
Deleting UNKNOWN Categories

If you delete a member from the CATEGORY profile, and that category is still
specified in resource profiles, the resource profile listing (produced by the RLIST
command, for example) shows an UNKNOWN category. To delete this category,
enter the RALTER command with no category specified on the DELCATEGORY
operand:
RALTER classname profile-name DELCATEGORY
To search for such profiles, enter the search command as follows:

SEARCH CLASS(classname) CATEGORY
Maintaining Categories in an RRSF Environment

RACF assigns an internal value to each category that you define using the RACF
commands. The internal value is not displayed when the CATEGORY profile is
listed using the RLIST command. If you use an application program to issue a
RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE, ICHEINTY, or RACROUTE
REQUEST=EXTRACT, TYPE=REPLACE macro that specifies internal CATEGORY
values, and you use RRSF to keep your RACF databases synchronized, you must
ensure that each CATEGORY has the same internal value assigned to it on each of
the RACF databases. Use the RACF database unload utility (IRRDBU00) to unload
the databases and check the CATEGORY profiles in the SECDATA class. If the
internal category values are different, you must delete the category information from
all user and resource profiles, delete the CATEGORY profiles, then redefine the
categories making sure that the command definitions occur in the same order on all
systems. Once the CATEGORY profiles are identical on all systems, reassign the
categories to users and resources. The SEARCH command with the CLIST option
can be used to simplify this process.
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Understanding Security Labels

You can use security labels to associate a specific security level with a set of (zero
or more) security categories. Security labels, when associated with resources,
users, and jobs, provide the following advantages over security levels and security
categories:
v Security labels can be assigned to data that is not necessarily protected by a
resource profile. For example, spool files are assigned the security label of their
creators. In many cases, data that has been assigned a security label retains that
security label from the time the data is created until the data is deleted. For
example, when a spool file is created by a user or job that is running under a
security label, the spool file is assigned the security label of the user or job. The
spool file retains that security label until the spool file itself is deleted (which can
be long after the user logs off or the job ends).
v Users can log on with different security labels at different times but with the same
user ID; without security labels, a user always has the same (default) security
level and categories.
v Output printed for a user or job by the Print Services Facility (PSF) can have a
PSF identification label related to the security label of the user or job printed on
every page.
v It is easier to maintain the security classification of users and data (changing the
definition of a security label affects all users and resources that have that
security label; you need not make the same change for many different profiles as
you would for security levels and categories).
Comparing Security Labels

When authorization checks are made to determine security label authorization (for
example during read-only, write-only, and read-write requests), the relationship
between security labels is assessed. A relationship can occur between the security
labels of two users or between a user and a resource. (For purposes of this
explanation, examples will be drawn based on the relationship of the security label
of a user and the security label of a resource.) The types of relationships are:
v Dominance
v Equivalence
v Disjoint
To be considered dominant, the users security label must be greater than or equal
to the security label of the resource. When dominance occurs, both of the following
conditions are true:
1. The security level used to define the users current security label is equal to or
higher than the security level used to define the security label of the resource.
2. All of the categories (if any) used to define the security label of the resource are
in the users current security label.
Note that the security label of a resource can also dominate the security label of a
user in the contrasting scenario.
To be considered equivalent, the users security label must have the same definition
as the security label of the resource. When equivalence occurs, both of the
following conditions are true:
1. The security level used to define the users current security label must be the
same as the security level used to define the security label of the resource.
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2. All of the categories (if any) used to define the security label of the resource are
the same as the categories used to define the users current security label.
To have equivalence, the names of the security labels do not have to be the same.
When security labels are equivalent, each security label can be said to dominate
and be dominated by the other.
To be considered disjoint, the users current security label and the resource security
label must not be equivalent and neither one can dominate the other. When a
disjoint occurs, both of the following conditions are true:
1. The set of security categories that defines the users current security label
includes only a subset, or none, of the security categories that define the
security label of the resource.
2. The set of security categories that defines the security label of the resource
includes only a subset, or none, of the security categories that define the users
current security label.
Note that a disjoint can occur in the relationship between the security labels of two
users.
Considerations Related to Security Labels

There are several considerations for implementing security labels with RACF
system-wide options. For details about implementing security labels, see z/OS
1. Once you activate the SECLABEL class, users who logon without a security
label can no longer access resources protected by security labels. Therefore,
you should assign a security label to all users before you assign a security
label to a commonly accessed resource, such as SYS1.BRODCAST. Each
user who does not have a default label must provide a security label at logon
time or else be denied access to the system.
2. If you assign a security label to a resource profile while the SECLABEL class
is active, the security label you assign to the users must allow the required
users to access the resource.
This also applies to the z/OS UNIX environment. When you create a z/FS file
system in a data set covered by a security label while the SECLABEL class is
active, directories and files within that file system will be created with security
labels. Only users with the appropriate security labels will be allowed to access
those files and directories.
3. If your installation uses the SETROPTS MLACTIVE option, all data protected
by classes that require security labels must have security labels. For more
information, see Enforcing Multilevel Security (MLACTIVE Option) on page
137.
4. If your installation uses the SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) option, there are
tighter restrictions on attempted accesses to resources, depending on the kind
of access attempt and the security labels of the resource and user. For more
information, see Security Label Authorization Checking on page 736.
5. If your installation uses the SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) option, the first data
set written to a tape volume defines the security label of any data set that is
later written to the tape. For more information, see Preventing the Copying of
Data to a Lower Security Label (SETROPTS MLS Option) on page 136.
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6. If your system includes products that do not support security labels when they
invoke RACF, you should consider using the SETROPTS COMPATMODE
option. See Activating Compatibility Mode For Security Labels
(COMPATMODE Option) on page 137.
7. If your installation uses the SETROPTS MLFSOBJ option, all files and
directories must have security labels. No users (except trusted and privileged
started tasks) will be able to access files and directories that do not have
security labels. See Restricting Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories
(MLFSOBJ Option) on page 139.
8. If your installation uses the SETROPTS MLIPCOBJ option, all resources
related to interprocess communication must have security labels. No users
(except trusted and privileged started tasks) will be able to access interprocess
communication resources that do not have security labels. See Restricting
Access to Interprocess Communication Objects (MLIPCOBJ Option) on page
139.
9. If your installation uses the SETROPTS MLNAMES option, users cannot view
the names of data sets, files, and directories that cannot be read from their
current user security labels. Users are similarly restricted from seeing
authorized resource names when they list catalogs and directories. This option
is also called name-hiding. Note that if the SECLABEL class is not active
while MLNAMES is active, data set names will still be hidden from users who
do not have at least READ access to the data sets. See Using Name-hiding
(MLNAMES Option) on page 140.
10. If your installation uses the SETROPTS SECLBYSYSTEM option, certain
security labels may be activated on certain systems, based on the system
identifiers specified in the SECLABEL class profile for each security label. See
Activating Security Labels by System Image (SECLBYSYSTEM Option) on
page 140.
How Users Specify Current Security Labels

TSO users can override their default security label by specifying a value in the
SECLABEL field on the logon panel or LOGON command. Batch users can also
override their default security label by specifying the SECLABEL parameter on the
JOB statement when a job is submitted to the system.
Note: When SECLBYSYSTEM is in effect, a batch job submitted with no security
label executes with the security label of the JESINPUT class profile, unless
the JESINPUT class security label is SYSMULTI.
When a TSO user logs on using the TSO/E logon panel, and specifies a value in
the SECLABEL field on the TSO/E logon panel, TSO records the value from the
SECLABEL field in the TSO segment of the RACF user profile (if the TSO segment
exists). The next time the user logs on, TSO displays the value from this field in the
SECLABEL field on the logon panel as a default. If the user changes the
SECLABEL field while logging on, TSO modifies the SECLABEL field in the users
TSO segment with the new current security label. This new value is used as the
default that is presented for the next logon.
A user may also be assigned a current security label based on their port-of-entry.
For example, the security label of the port-of-entry (in this case, a terminal)
overrides a TSO users default security label if all of the following conditions are
true:
1. The TSO user did not specify a security label.
2. The TERMINAL class is active.
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3. The profile covering the terminal has a security label.
When you are migrating from security levels and security categories to security
labels, consider setting the SECLABEL field using the ADDUSER and ALTUSER
commands as follows:
ADDUSER userid SECLABEL(security-label)
ALTUSER userid SECLABEL(security-label)
Listing Security Labels

To display the security label stored in a resource profile, specify the ALL option on
the LISTDSD and RLIST commands.
Displaying the Default Security Label for a User ID

To display a users default security label (the security label stored in the profile
using the SECLABEL operand on the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command), issue the
LISTUSER command with the user ID specified. For example:
LISTUSER JONES
When you issue the LISTUSER command with any operand, such as the user ID,
the default security label will be displayed.
Displaying the Current Security Label for a User ID

You cannot display another users default security label. Only that user can display
it. To display a users current security label, ask the user to enter the LISTUSER
command with no operands:
LISTUSER
When RACF displays a users security label, RACF also displays the security level
and any security categories that define it.
Finding Out Which Security Labels a User Can Use

To find out which security labels a user can specify, enter:
SEARCH CLASS(SECLABEL) USER(userid)
Note: The SECLABEL class must be active when you execute this command.
Searching by Security Labels

To search for all of the profiles that have a particular security label, enter:
SEARCH CLASS(classname) SECLABEL(security-label)
For example:
SEARCH CLASS(TERMINAL) SECLABEL(EAGLE)
This command displays all of the terminal profiles that have security label EAGLE
specified.
SEARCH CLASS(USER) SECLABEL(EAGLE)
This command displays all of the user profiles in which security label EAGLE is the
default security label.
Restrictions:
1. Your results will be different if SECLBYSYSTEM is active.
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2. You can search only one class at a time. If you do not specify a class, the
DATASET class is searched by default.
3. To list all profiles, you must have SPECIAL or AUDITOR authority. Otherwise,
RACF lists only those profiles that you own, that have high-level qualifiers
matching your user ID, or to which you have at least READ access authority.
4. If the SECLABEL class is active, RACF lists only the names of profiles that
have security labels that are equal or lower level to that of the users current
security label.
Restricting Security Label Changes

You can restrict users who do not have the SPECIAL attribute from specifying
security labels in resource profiles, or changing the definitions of security labels, by
specifying the SECLABELCONTROL operand on the SETROPTS command. For
more information, see Restricting Changes to Security Labels
(SECLABELCONTROL option) on page 135. When the SECLABELCONTROL
option is not active, a user with sufficient authority to create or update a resource
profile can specify the SECLABEL operand if the user has at least READ access
authority to the associated security label.
Requiring Security Labels

You can require that all work entering the system, including users logging on and
batch jobs, have a security label assigned. For more information, see Enforcing
Multilevel Security (MLACTIVE Option) on page 137.
Controlling the write-down Privilege

When SETROPTS MLS is active in your environment, users are limited in their
WRITE actions, such as their authority to copy data from a resource with one
security label to a resource with a lower security label. If you need to allow certain
users to have this authority, also called the write-down privilege, you can authorize
them using a FACILITY class profile called IRR.WRITEDOWN.BYUSER.
Restriction: The authority to write-down applies to actions on resources in
classes defined in the CDT with neither the RVRSMAC nor EQUALMAC attribute.
(Such classes are processed using normal MAC processing.) For classes with the
RVRSMAC attribute, the write-down privilege will allow users to write-up. For
classes with the EQUALMAC attribute, this privilege has no effect.
Steps for Controlling the write-down Privilege

Perform the following steps to control and authorize users for the write-down
privilege:
1.
Define a resource called IRR.WRITEDOWN.BYUSER in the FACILITY class

with UACC(NONE). To prevent all users from gaining the write-down privilege,
do not permit any users or groups.
Example:
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.WRITEDOWN.BYUSER UACC(NONE)
_____________________________________________________________
2.
Identify which users require the write-down privilege and determine which
level of access they require: READ or UPDATE authority. Both access
authorities allow users to query, set and reset the write-down mode of their
address spaces by executing a user command. The following user commands
are available for this purpose:
For TSO/E users
RACF RACPRIV command. (See z/OS

103
Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for syntax information.)
For z/OS UNIX users
z/OS UNIX writedown command. (See z/OS

UNIX System Services Users Guide for syntax
information.)
Use the following table to make your decision:
If the user requires the ability to enter
write-down mode...
Then grant this

access authority...
By default, upon entering the system, without executing the

RACPRIV or writedown command
UPDATE
Only explicitly, by executing the RACPRIV or writedown

command each time to set or reset the privilege
READ
_____________________________________________________________
3.
Authorize users for the write-down privilege by adding those users, or one of
their groups, to the access list with either READ or UPDATE authority, based
on the users requirements.
Example:
PERMIT IRR.WRITEDOWN.BYUSER CLASS(FACILITY) ID(users or groups) ACCESS(READ)
PERMIT IRR.WRITEDOWN.BYUSER CLASS(FACILITY) ID(users or groups) ACCESS(UPDATE)
_____________________________________________________________
4.
Refresh the FACILITY class to activate your changes.

Example:
SETROPTS RACLIST(FACILITY) REFRESH
When SETROPTS MLS is active, refreshing the FACILITY class also causes
ACEEs to be purged from the VLF.
_____________________________________________________________
Planning Considerations for Security Labels

For details about implementing security labels for a multilevel-secure environment,
see z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria.
Even though a single user can use more than one security label, it may be easier to
assign each person a separate user ID for each security label used.
Also, some consideration should be taken before using resource profiles that, due
to their naming structure, would either cause large numbers of resources to be
protected by the same security label (for example: userid.*) or protect resources
that need to be accessed when the user is logged on at different security labels (for
example, a NAMES data set).
These types of resources can be grouped into several categories and following
certain procedures can minimize the impact of their use. You might consider
creating data set profiles with the following naming structure:
userid.security-label.*
For example, if SMITH needs to use security labels EAGLE and THRUSH, create
profiles like:
SMITH.EAGLE.* UACC(NONE) SECLABEL(EAGLE)
SMITH.THRUSH.* UACC(NONE) SECLABEL(THRUSH)
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Some services create new data sets based on the users user ID. If the SETROPTS
MLS option is in effect, authorization failures occur whenever the user uses a
security label that is different from the security label that was in use when the data
set was created. Applications that create such data sets should consider using the
REXX RACVAR function package to determine the current security label for
inclusion in the names of such data sets.
v Read-only
In general, these resources pose no problem if they are protected by a profile
with the lowest security label that is used. By being protected in this manner,
they can be accessed any time the user is logged on. For example, system
resources that are read by all users should be protected with the SYSLOW
security label.
v Read mostly
These resources must also be protected by a profile at the lowest security label
that is used. This allows the user to access them for read any time the user is
logged on. If the resource needs to be updated (for example: new names being
added to the nickname file userid.NAMES.TEXT), the user must log on at his or
her lowest security label in order to update the file.
v Read/write but able to be preallocated
Data sets such as the ISPF list and log data sets fall into this category. These
data sets can be allocated from within a logon CLIST with a different data set
used for each security label. It should be noted, however, that due to multiple
data sets being used, updates to a data set at one security label would not cause
updates to occur to a data set that is used for the same purpose at a different
security label (for example, an SPF profile data set).
v Data sets written to from multiple levels
An example of this type of data set is the SPF EDIT recovery data sets. The
CLIST ISREDRTI that creates the ISPF edit recovery table sets the default data
set names for the recovery data sets to:
&ZUSER.&ZAPPLID&ZEROS&I.BACKUP
or for user ID RALPH to

RALPH.ISR0001.BACKUP
RACF has provided sample exits in SYS1.SAMPLIB that show how to solve the
problem (data sets written to from multiple levels) for ISPF and PDF data sets.
A data set profile would cause a security label authorization failure when an
attempt was made to write to the data set while logged on with a security label
that was different from the one in the profile. Applications that create data sets in
this manner can be used only if each user has access to only one security label.
When RACF checks a users authority to use a terminal or console, or the authority
of outbound work to use a JES writer, RACF uses reverse MAC (mandatory
access checking). That is, the security label of the profile protecting the writer must
be equal to or greater than the security label of the user or outbound work.
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Chapter 5. Specifying RACF Options
Using the SETROPTS Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SETROPTS Options for Initial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing Password Syntax Rules (PASSWORD Option) . . . . . . .
Extending Password and User ID Processing (PASSWORD Option) . . . .
Revoking Unused User IDs (INACTIVE Option) . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating List-of-Groups Checking (GRPLIST Option) . . . . . . . . .
GRPLIST Considerations for z/OS UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting the RVARY Passwords (RVARYPW Option) . . . . . . . . . .
Restricting the Creation of General Resource Profiles (GENERICOWNER
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating General Resource Classes (CLASSACT Option) . . . . . . .
Special Considerations for Auditing z/OS UNIX . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Statistics Collection (STATISTICS Option) . . . . . . . . . .
STATISTICS Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Options in RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY Statistics Collection
Bypassing Resource Statistics Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Global Access Checking (GLOBAL Option) . . . . . . . . .
RACF-Protecting All Data Sets (PROTECTALL Option) . . . . . . . . .
Activating JES2 or JES3 RACF Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preventing Access to Uncataloged Data Sets (CATDSNS Option) . . . . .
Activating Enhanced Generic Naming for the DATASET Class (EGN Option)
Controlling Data Set Modeling (MODEL Option) . . . . . . . . . . .
Bypassing Automatic Data Set Protection (NOADSP Option) . . . . . .
Displaying and Logging Real Data Set Names (REALDSN Option) . . . .
Protecting Data Sets with Single-Qualifier Names (PREFIX Option) . . . .
Activating Tape Data Set Protection (TAPEDSN Option) . . . . . . . .
Activating Tape Volume Protection (CLASSACT(TAPEVOL) Option) . . . .
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Erasing Scratched or Released DASD Data (ERASE Option) . . . . . .
Establishing National Language Defaults (LANGUAGE Option) . . . . . .
SETROPTS Options to Activate In-Storage Profile Processing . . . . . . .
SETROPTS GENLIST Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deactivating SETROPTS GENLIST Processing . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS GENLIST Processing on Shared Systems . . . . . . . .
Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS GENLIST Processing . . . . . . .
SETROPTS RACLIST Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional considerations for RACLIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deactivating SETROPTS RACLIST Processing . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS RACLIST Processing on Shared Systems . . . . . . . .
Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST Processing . . . . . . .
SETROPTS REFRESH Option for Special Cases . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refreshing In-Storage Generic Profile Lists (GENERIC REFRESH Option)
Refreshing Shared Systems (REFRESH Option) . . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS Options for Special Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Undefined Terminals (TERMINAL Option). . . . . . . . . .
Activating the Security Classification of Users and Data . . . . . . . .
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Program Control (WHEN(PROGRAM) Option) . . . . . . . .
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RACF Options
SETROPTS Options Related to Security Labels . . . . . . . . . . .
Preventing Changes to Security Labels (MLSTABLE Option) . . . . .
Quiescing RACF Activity (MLQUIET Option) . . . . . . . . . . . .
MLS Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Compatibility Mode For Security Labels (COMPATMODE Option)
Enforcing Multilevel Security (MLACTIVE Option) . . . . . . . . . .
Restricting Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories (MLFSOBJ Option)
Restricting Access to Interprocess Communication Objects (MLIPCOBJ
Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Name-hiding (MLNAMES Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETROPTS Options for Automatic Control of Access List Authority . . . .
Automatic Addition of Creators User ID to Access List . . . . . . . .
Automatic Omission of Creators User ID from Access List . . . . . .
Specifying the Encryption Method for User Passwords . . . . . . . . .
Using Started Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assigning RACF User IDs to Started Procedures . . . . . . . . . .
Protected User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Undefined User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up the STARTED Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Profile Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifying STARTED Class Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Started Procedures Table (ICHRIN03) . . . . . . . . . .
Started Procedure Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter describes the RACF options you can specify to control how RACF
operates on your system.
Using the SETROPTS Command

RACF provides many system-wide options for controlling the way it works on your
system. You specify most of these options by issuing the SETROPTS command
with the appropriate operands or filling in the appropriate ISPF panels.
This chapter discusses SETROPTS options that are useful to the RACF security
administrator. It assumes that you have the SPECIAL attribute.
For a description of the SETROPTS options that are useful to the RACF auditor
(with the AUDITOR attribute), see z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide.
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for a complete
description of the SETROPTS command.
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RACF Options
Tips for using selected SETROPTS options

v If you are installing RACF for the first time, activate enhanced generic
naming:
SETROPTS EGN
v Do not issue the SETROPTS TERMINAL(NONE) command unless you

have RACF-protected enough terminals so that users can log on.
SETROPTS TERMINAL(NONE) prevents users from logging on to
unprotected terminals.
To recover from such a situation, submit a batch job that runs under a user
ID with the SPECIAL attribute and that issues SETROPTS
TERMINAL(READ).
v Some classes have a default return code of 8. If such a class is activated,
but no profiles are defined, user activity that requires access in that class is
prevented.
Do not activate a class with a default return code of 8, either explicitly (by
name) or implicitly (by means of a shared POSIT value), unless you have
defined profiles for that class.
RACF prevents you from accidentally activating all classes by misusing the
SETROPTS CLASSACT(*) operand.
If security labels have been assigned to resource profiles, do not activate
the SECLABEL class by using SETROPTS CLASSACT(SECLABEL) unless
you have assigned appropriate security labels to appropriate users.
To recover from such a situation, log on as a user with the SPECIAL
attribute, specifying SYSHIGH as the current security label. Then either
assign security labels, or issue SETROPTS NOCLASSACT(SECLABEL).
v Do not issue the following SETROPTS commands unless you have
assigned appropriate security labels to all users and to the resources that
they must access:
SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES)
SETROPTS MLFSOBJ(FAILURES)
SETROPTS MLIPCOBJ(FAILURES).
To recover from such a situation, log on as a user with the SPECIAL
attribute, specifying SYSHIGH as the current security label. Then, either
assign security labels, or issue one of the following SETROPTS commands,
as appropriate:
SETROPTS NOMLACTIVE
SETROPTS MLFSOBJ(ACTIVE)
SETROPTS MLIPCOBJ(ACTIVE).
SETROPTS Options for Initial Setup

You should consider specifying the options in this section when RACF is first
installed. For a list of the options, see the chapter table of contents.
Establishing Password Syntax Rules (PASSWORD Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can establish up to eight password syntax
rules to verify that new passwords meet the installation standards. These rules
allow you to control:
v The minimum and maximum length of passwords
v The character content of installation-selected positions in the passwords
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RACF Options
Restrictions: The password syntax rules you define are not enforced when users
log on with their current passwords. Therefore, changes you make to your
password syntax rules will not affect users with current passwords. Your changes
will take effect for current users only when they change their passwords. For new
users, the changes will take effect when the new user logs on for the first time. In
addition, password syntax rules are not enforced when you define a temporary
password for another user using the ALTUSER PASSWORD command unless you
specify the NOEXPIRED option.
You establish these rules by using the RULEn suboperand specified by the
PASSWORD operand of the SETROPTS command. The following example shows
how you can establish a syntax rule for new passwords for your installation.
SETROPTS PASSWORD(RULE1(LENGTH(8) VOWEL(1,3,5:8) NUMERIC(2,4)))
The command establishes syntax rule RULE1. Syntax rule RULE1 specifies that
new passwords must be 8 characters in length, must contain vowels in positions 1,
3, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and must contain numbers in positions 2 and 4. Thus, the
password A2E2EAEE follows the rule, and C3DMIER5 does not.
If you do not define a value for every position specified by the LENGTH value, the
undefined positions can contain any combination of alphanumeric characters.
Note: If the RACF ISPF panels are installed, you should consider using the RACF
ISPF panels to set up password syntax rules.

The INTERVAL suboperand specifies the system default for the number of days that
a users password is to remain valid. The following example specifies that each
users password remain valid for 60 days (as long as the system default for these
users remains 60 days):
SETROPTS PASSWORD(INTERVAL(60))
This value becomes effective immediately as:

v A default value for new users whom you define to RACF through the ADDUSER
command
v An upper limit for users who specify the INTERVAL operand on the PASSWORD
command
When users are defined to RACF and have access to the system, they can use the
INTERVAL operand of the PASSWORD command to set their own change interval
to a value less than 30 or to a value less than that which you specified on the
INTERVAL operand of the SETROPTS command (if you did so).
Note: When you invoke this option, the change interval values in existing user
profiles are not modified. RACF uses the smaller of the two values.
The initial system default for the change interval is 30 days.
Extending Password and User ID Processing (PASSWORD Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can specify the WARNING/NOWARNING,
HISTORY/NOHISTORY, REVOKE/NOREVOKE, and INTERVAL options.
Use the PASSWORD option on the SETROPTS command to provide the following
functions:
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RACF Options
v The WARNING suboperand enables you to specify when RACF should issue a
password expiration message. If you specify WARNING, RACF issues a
message each time a user logs on to TSO or submits a batch job with a
password a specified number of days before the password expires. The following
example specifies that RACF issue a warning message 5 days before a
password expires:
SETROPTS PASSWORD(WARNING(5))
If NOWARNING is in effect, RACF does not issue a warning message before a

password expires.
v The HISTORY suboperand enables you to specify the number of previous
passwords that RACF saves and compares with an intended new password. If
there is a match with one of these previous passwords, or with the current
password, RACF rejects the intended new password. If you increase the
password HISTORY number, RACF saves and compares that number of
passwords to the new password. If you reduce the password HISTORY number,
passwords in the user profile that are beyond the newly specified HISTORY
number are never deleted and continue to be used for comparison. For example,
if the HISTORY number is 12 and you reduce that HISTORY number to 8, RACF
continues to compare the old passwords 9 through 12 with the intended new
password.
The following example specifies that RACF save and compare 10 previous
passwords, in addition to the current password, with an intended new password:
SETROPTS PASSWORD(HISTORY(10))
Note: When the user attempts to change his or her own password, RACF
verifies that the intended new password does not match a previous entry
in the history list, saves the current password in the list, and changes the
password to the new value. NOHISTORY specifies that the new password
information is compared only to the current password. Any previous
password history information is neither deleted nor changed.
v REVOKE enables you to specify how many consecutive password verification
attempts RACF is to permit before it revokes a user ID on the next attempt.
Protected user IDs are not revoked based on consecutive incorrect password
attempts. See Defining Protected User IDs on page 87 for more information.
The following example specifies that RACF is to allow 4 consecutive incorrect
password attempts. A fifth incorrect password attempt revokes the user ID:
SETROPTS PASSWORD(REVOKE(4))
After RACF revokes the user ID, you can activate the user ID with the RESUME
operand of the ALTUSER command if you have the SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL
attribute or are the owner of the profile. If NOREVOKE is in effect, consecutive
incorrect passwords are ignored.
Revoking Unused User IDs (INACTIVE Option)

The INACTIVE operand of the SETROPTS command causes RACF to revoke the
users right to use the system if the user ID has remained unused beyond a
specified number of days. RACF revokes the user the next time the user attempts
to enter the system.
The following example specifies that RACF revoke a user ID if it is unused for over
30 days:
SETROPTS INACTIVE(30)
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RACF Options
Notes:
1. New users who never use the system are not revoked because of inactivity.
This is true unless an administrator has used the ALTUSER or PASSWORD
commands to set their password or someone makes an unsuccessful attempt to
log on.
2. If you issue the SETROPTS INACTIVE(30) command and a user has not done
any of the following in 31 days:
v Logged on
v Submitted a job
v Changed their password by any method
v Attempted an unsuccessful logon
v Received a directed command or output from RACF
that user is considered revoked. However, the user is not actually revoked and
the output of the LISTUSER command does not show that the user is revoked
until the user next attempts to log on or submit a job.
3. When you allow the user to start using the system again (using the RESUME
operand on the ALTUSER command), RACF resets the effective date with which
the period of inactivity starts.
If NOINACTIVE is in effect, RACF does not check the user ID against an unused
user ID interval.
If NOINITSTATS is in effect, the INACTIVE, REVOKE, HISTORY, and WARNING
options cannot be used.
Activating List-of-Groups Checking (GRPLIST Option)

List-of-groups authority checking supplements the normal RACF access authority
checking by allowing all groups of which a user ID is a member to enter into the
access list checking process. This process replaces the checking that compares the
current connect group with the resources access list, and can expand a users
ability to access resources. If list-of-groups checking is active, then regardless of
which group the user is logged on to, RACF recognizes the users group-related
authorities in other connect groups. If a user is in more than one group and tries to
access a resource, RACF uses the highest authority allowed by the users list of
groups and the resources access list.
Note: A users current connect group is the group entered on the logon panel or
with the LOGON command. If no group is specified at logon, the users
default group is used.
For example, the user is logged on to Group B (the current connect group) and tries
to access a resource. The resources access list does not contain the users user ID
or the group name for Group B, but it does contain the group name for Group A
with an associated access authority of READ. If the user is a member of Group A
(and Group B) and list-of-groups checking is active, the user can access the
resource, even though the user is logged on to Group B. (This example assumes
that other RACF checks, such as security classification checking, are met.)
Similarly, if list-of-groups checking is active, RACF recognizes the users
group-related attributes (such as group-SPECIAL) in other connect groups,
regardless of which group the user is logged on to. However, the user still has each
group-related attribute only within the scope of that group in which the user is
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RACF Options
assigned the attribute. (For more information on the scope of a group, see
Chapter 3, Defining Groups and Users, on page 49.)
For example, in Figure 6 on page 84, say USER1 is also connected to GROUP3,
but without group-SPECIAL for GROUP3. If list-of-groups checking is not active and
USER1 logs on to GROUP3, RACF does not recognize that USER1 has
group-SPECIAL authority to GROUP1 resources.
If list-of-groups checking is active and USER1 logs on to GROUP3, USER1 has
group-SPECIAL authority to GROUP1 resources. However, USER1 does not have
group-SPECIAL authority to GROUP3 resources. Likewise, if list-of-groups checking
is active and USER1 logs on to GROUP1, USER1 has group-SPECIAL authority to
GROUP1 resources, but not GROUP3 resources.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can specify list-of-groups checking by using
the GRPLIST option of the SETROPTS command as shown in the following
example:
SETROPTS GRPLIST
To use current connect group checking, specify the NOGRPLIST option on the
SETROPTS command.
IBM recommends the use of the GRPLIST option because it eases administration
and minimizes the number of times the user might have to log off and log back on
to access resources.
GRPLIST Considerations for z/OS UNIX

z/OS UNIX groups are RACF groups that have an z/OS UNIX group identifier (GID)
defined in the OMVS segment of the groups profile. Authority checks for access to
hierarchical file system (HFS) files and directories use the GID in the users current
connect group and up to 300 supplementary groups (if SETROPTS GRPLIST is
active) to make group access decisions. The limit of 300 supplementary groups is
the same limit defined by the NGROUPS_MAX variable of the POSIX standard. Authority
checks for other system resources use the RACF current group and list-of-groups
support.
For more information, see Defining group identifiers (GIDs) on page 534.
Setting the RVARY Passwords (RVARYPW Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can specify passwords that the operator
must use to respond to RVARY command requests to:
v Switch the RACF databases
v Change RACF status (ACTIVATE or DEACTIVATE)
v Change mode (DATASHARE or NODATASHARE)
You can specify the passwords using the RVARYPW operand on the SETROPTS
command. RACF allows you to specify separate passwords for switching the
databases and for changing RACF status. The following example specifies HAPPY
as the switch password and RABBIT as the status password:
SETROPTS RVARYPW(SWITCH(HAPPY) STATUS(RABBIT))
Password names must conform to the following rules:

v Passwords can be up to 8 characters in length.
v Valid characters for names are alphabetic (AZ), numeric (09), and national (#,
@, and $).
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RACF Options
When RACF is first initialized, the switch password and the status password are
both set to YES.
Restricting the Creation of General Resource Profiles

(GENERICOWNER Option)
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can restrict the creation of profiles in general
resource classes. To do this:
1. Issue a SETROPTS GENERICOWNER command.
2. Define a ** profile for the class, with yourself as owner. (This prevents users
lacking special authority from being able to define profiles in the class.)
3. Define a top profile for each user, covering the subset of resources in the class
which the user is allowed to create. Each user should be the owner of this top
profile.
You have created an environment where the user can create only profiles that are
more specific than the users top profile. The only other users who can create
profiles in the users subset of the class are:
v A user with SPECIAL authority
v A user who has group-SPECIAL authority over a user who owns the top profile
For example, assume that neither JOE nor RONN have the SPECIAL or
group-SPECIAL attribute. If the GENERICOWNER option is in effect, and user
RONN is the owner of a JESSPOOL profile called NODEA.RONN.**, JOE cannot
create profile NODEA.RONN.DATA.**, even though JOE has the
CLAUTH(JESSPOOL) attribute.
Note: The GENERICOWNER operand does not affect the DATASET class. It
cannot be activated for individual classes. When active, GENERICOWNER
affects all general resource classes except the PROGRAM class and general
resource grouping classes.
For example, when working with general resource grouping classes, assume
that profile A* exists in the TERMINAL class and is owned by a group that
user ELAINE does not have group-SPECIAL authority to. If the
GENERICOWNER option is in effect, it will prevent user ELAINE from
defining a more specific profile in the member class (for example, by using
the command RDEF TERMINAL AA*). However, having the GENERICOWNER
option in effect will not prevent user ELAINE from defining a profile if
specified on the ADDMEM operand for the grouping class profile (such as
with the command RDEF GTERMINL profile-name ADDMEM(AA*)).
You can alternatively choose to make a group the owner of the top profile for a
given subset in the class. In this case, only a user with group-SPECIAL authority for
the group, or with SPECIAL authority, can create profiles in the subset.
The top profile must end in a single asterisk (*), double asterisks (**), or one or
more percent signs (%). More specific profiles are profiles that match the less
specific top profile name character for character, up to the ending asterisks or
percent signs in the less specific name.
In a search for the less specific profile, a match is found if all of the following are
true:
v The profile name ends in a single asterisk (*), double asterisks (**), or one or
more percent signs (%).
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RACF Options
v All characters preceding the asterisks or percent signs (* or ** or %) match the
corresponding characters in the resource name exactly.
v The characters matching the percent signs (%) in the less-specific profile are not
an asterisk (*) or period (.) in the resource name. The length of the profile must
be the same for this case.
For example, to allow USERX to RDEFINE A.B in the JESSPOOL class, you need
profile A.* in the JESSPOOL class, which is owned by USERX.
To cancel this option, specify NOGENERICOWNER on the SETROPTS command.
Attention
Issuing SETROPTS GENERICOWNER can prevent users with the CLAUTH
attribute in general resource classes from creating profiles as they are
accustomed to. Therefore, make these users OWNER of appropriate top
generic profiles in the class. For an example, see Delegating Authority to
Profiles in the FACILITY Class on page 219.
Activating General Resource Classes (CLASSACT Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can specify that RACF provides access
authorization checking for general resource classes. You can specify this option for
selected general resource classes with the CLASSACT operand of the SETROPTS
command.
The following example shows how to specify RACF access authorization checking
for the TERMINAL and CONSOLE resource classes.
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TERMINAL CONSOLE)
IBM does not recommend that you activate all RACF classes. You should activate
only the classes that are important to your installation, as some classes have a
default return code of 8. Those classes should only be activated after you have
defined the necessary profiles to allow access to resources. RACF prevents you
from accidentally activating all classes using the SETROPTS CLASSACT(*)
operand.
For information on activating protection for specific general resource classes, check
the index of this book for the class name.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also specify the NOCLASSACT operand
on the SETROPTS command. This operand indicates that RACF performs no
access authorization checking for selected general resource classes. If you specify
NOCLASSACT(*), RACF does not perform access authorization checking for any of
the classes in the class descriptor table (CDT). However, you can still define
resource profiles to RACF through the RDEFINE command.
Special Considerations for Auditing z/OS UNIX

The following classes are defined only for auditing z/OS UNIX security events and
are not used for authorization checking:
v DIRACC
v DIRSRCH
v FSOBJ
v FSSEC
v IPCOBJ
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RACF Options
v PROCACT
v PROCESS
No profiles can be defined in these classes. They are used to define the auditing
options for z/OS UNIX security events. The classes do not need to be active to
control auditing.
SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS can be used to specify logging options for all of the
classes. Additionally, SETROPTS AUDIT options are used to control auditing of
some events for the FSOBJ and the PROCESS classes. For more information on
the SETROPTS command, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate or deactivate generic profile
checking either on a class-by-class basis or for all classes. You can specify this
option with the GENERIC and NOGENERIC operands of the SETROPTS
command. The following example shows how to activate generic profile checking for
the DATASET class.
SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET)
If you specify GENERIC(*), you activate generic profile checking for the DATASET
class and all classes in the class descriptor table (CDT) except resource group
classes (such as GTERMINL and GDASDVOL).
If you want to perform maintenance on the generic profiles in the RACF database,
you may want to temporarily deactivate generic profile checking but allow RACF
command processors to update generic profiles. You can specify this environment
with the NOGENERIC and GENCMD operands of the SETROPTS command. The
following example shows how to specify this environment for the DATASET class.
SETROPTS NOGENERIC(DATASET) GENCMD(DATASET)
NOGENERIC and NOGENCMD are in effect when a RACF database is first

initialized using IRRMIN00.
Note: IBM recommends the use of generic profiles when you can use a generic
profile to protect multiple resources and thus ease the administration. You
should consider issuing SETROPTS GENERIC(*) so that generic profiles are
usable in all classes.
If there is a global access checking table entry of $RACUID.**/ALTER for data sets,
users can create unprotected data sets even if protect-all is in effect. However,
other users are not allowed to access those data sets.
Activating Statistics Collection (STATISTICS Option)

Using the SETROPTS STATISTICS option does the following:
v RACF maintains two sets of statistics in a discrete resource profile. One set
counts all activity for the resource or profile. The other set counts activity for
each entry in the access list. It can be difficult to compare the two sets of
statistics meaningfully, unless you understand how RACF maintains the statistics.
For more information, see the STATISTICS Example on page 117.
v If a specific resource has unique security concerns, you should protect it with a
discrete profile.
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RACF Options
To see how that resource is being accessed and how many times it is being
accessed, you can initiate STATISTICS. Remember that the initiation of
STATISTICS is system-wide for all discrete profiles within a particular resource
class across your system. Depending on the number of discrete profiles in the
various resource classes, turning on STATISTICS may negatively affect
performance.
STATISTICS Example
To help you understand how RACF maintains statistics, consider the following:
v USER1.DATA is a data set profile.
v USER1.DATA has a universal access (UACC) of READ.
v USER2 is in the access list with READ authority.
v USER3 is in the access list with UPDATE authority.
v GROUP1 is in the access list with READ authority.
v GROUP2 is in the access list with UPDATE authority.
v USER4 belongs to both groups, GROUP1 and GROUP2.
v There is no entry for &RACUID.* in the global access checking table.
If USER1 reads USER1.DATA, the overall READ count in the profile increases by
one. No counts in the access list are changed, because access lists are not used
when users process their own data.
If USER2 reads the data set, two counts are updated: the overall READ count and
the count in USER2s access list entry.
If USER3 reads the data set, two counts are updated: the overall READ count and
the count in USER3s access list entry (even though the entry says UPDATE). The
counts in the access list merely record that access was granted by that entry. The
access granted can be as specified by the entry, or a lower level, as in this
example.
If list-of-groups processing is active (through SETROPTS GRPLIST) and USER4
reads the data set, RACF examines the access list to see if any of USER4s groups
are in the list. If any of the groups is found, the entry with the highest authority is
used. In this case, the access list entry for GROUP2 (UPDATE) increases, along
with the overall READ count for the profile.
If any other user or group reads the data set, it gains access because of the
universal access of READ, and the overall READ count increases. If any user with
OPERATIONS authority updates the data set, the overall UPDATE count increases.
Using Options in RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY Statistics

Collection
A user with a SPECIAL attribute can request RACF to record statistics during the
REQUEST=VERIFY processing. REQUEST=VERIFY is issued when a user is
logging on to a system or a batch job is entering a system as well as when RACF
does such work as a directed command, application update, or password change
on behalf of the user. The statistics RACF maintains are:
v The date and time REQUEST=VERIFY is issued for a particular user
v The number of REQUEST=VERIFYs for a user to a particular group
v The date and time of the last REQUEST=VERIFY for a user to a particular group
The statistics must be maintained if you intend to use the INACTIVE, REVOKE,
HISTORY, and WARNING options.
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RACF Options
If, for your system, you do not need all of the statistics, you do not need to use the
above four options, and you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can issue SETROPTS
NOINITSTATS which reduces the RACF database I/O associated with a
REQUEST=VERIFY function.
If NOINITSTATS is in effect, the INACTIVE, REVOKE, HISTORY, and WARNING
options cannot be used.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also specify the INITSTATS operand on
the SETROPTS command to indicate that you want RACF to record
REQUEST=VERIFY statistics, as shown in the following example:
SETROPTS INITSTATS
INITSTATS is in effect when RACF is first initialized.

Note: Being enabled for sysplex communication may reduce the overhead
associated with INITSTATS.
Bypassing Resource Statistics Collection

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can request that RACF bypass the recording
of statistical information in discrete profiles for the DATASET class for classes
defined in the class descriptor table (CDT). You specify this option with the
NOSTATISTICS operand of the SETROPTS command.
The statistics you can bypass include:
v The date that the resource was last referenced
v The date that the resource was last updated (not recorded for terminals)
v The number of times that the resource was accessed for each of the following
access authorities: ALTER, CONTROL, UPDATE, and READ (only READ count
is recorded for terminals)
v The number of times that each user or group in the access list has accessed the
resource
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also specify the STATISTICS operand
on the SETROPTS command and identify the classes for which you want RACF to
record statistical information.
If you specify an asterisk (*), you activate the recording of statistical information for
all resource classes.
When a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00, STATISTICS is in effect
for the DATASET, DASDVOL, TAPEVOL, and TERMINAL classes. Because
statistics recording affects system performance, IBM recommends that you
deactivate this option until your installation evaluates the need to use it against its
potential performance impact. See z/OS Security Server RACF System
Programmers Guide for more information.
Activating Global Access Checking (GLOBAL Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate or deactivate global access
checking on a class-by-class basis or for all classes. You can specify this option
with the GLOBAL and NOGLOBAL operands of the SETROPTS command. The
following example shows how to activate global access checking for the FACILITY
class.
SETROPTS GLOBAL(FACILITY)
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RACF Options
If you specify GLOBAL(*), you activate global access checking for all valid classes.
Valid classes you may specify are:
v The DATASET class
v The NODE grouping class
v The SECLABEL grouping class
v All other classes defined in the class descriptor table, except for the remaining
grouping classes
When you use the SETROPTS command to activate (or reactivate) global access
checking for a class, RACF builds (or updates) the in-storage global access
checking tables. However, you can use the RDEFINE and RALTER commands to
maintain profiles on the database, regardless of whether the global access checking
option is active for a class.
NOGLOBAL is in effect when RACF is first initialized.
Note: The SETROPTS GLOBAL(classname) command is propagated when the
system is enabled for sysplex communication.
RACF-Protecting All Data Sets (PROTECTALL Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate protect-all processing by using
the PROTECTALL operand of the SETROPTS command. If protect-all is active, a
user can create or access a data set only if the data set is RACF-protected by
either a discrete or generic profile, or the access is allowed by global access
checking. Note that if protect-all is in effect, generic profile checking should also be
in effect for the DATASET class. Otherwise, users can create only data sets that are
protected by discrete profiles. The following examples show how to specify these
options:
SETROPTS PROTECTALL
Notes:
1. PROTECTALL requires that you RACF-protect all data sets. This protection
includes tape data sets if your installation specifies TAPEDSN on the
SETROPTS command.
2. After defining, altering, or deleting a generic profile, the following command
ensures that the profile is in effect during authorization checking:
SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET) REFRESH
3. Started procedures with the privileged or trusted attribute and users with the
SPECIAL attribute can access a data set that has no RACF profile, even if
protect-all is in effect. These exceptions allow recovery if a critical profile is
accidentally deleted.
4. If there is a global access checking table entry of &RACUID.**/ALTER for data
sets, users can create unprotected data sets even if protect-all is in effect.
However, other users cannot access those data sets.
Protect-all also has a warning option that allows the request even though the data
set is not protected, but sends a warning message to the user and the MVS
console. For example:
SETROPTS PROTECTALL(WARNING)
Note: Before using PROTECTALL(WARNING), you should consider taking the

following steps to reduce the number of messages generated:
v Ensure that a RACF user or group profile is defined for all catalog aliases.
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RACF Options
v Ensure that all RACF users and groups have a generic data set profile of
the form:
high-level-qualifier.*
or, if SETROPTS EGN is in effect:

high-level-qualifier.**
Protect-all applies to all data sets that do not have system-generated temporary
names and that do not have names that begin with **SYSUT. You can extend
protect-all to include temporary data sets with system-generated names by using
the naming conventions table to modify the name that RACF uses to look like a
permanent name. If your installation uses nonstandard names for temporary data
sets, you must also predefine entries in the global access checking table that allow
these data sets to be created and accessed.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also deactivate protect-all processing by
using the NOPROTECTALL operand.
NOPROTECTALL is in effect when RACF is first initialized.
Activating JES2 or JES3 RACF Support

You have several choices about how RACF supports JES. Table 8 tells you where
to find more information about RACF support on JES:
Table 8. RACF Support on JES
RACF Option
Go to section
SETROPTS JES(BATCHALLRACF)
Forcing Batch Users to Identify Themselves

to RACF on page 470
SETROPTS JES(XBMALLRACF)
Support for Execution Batch Monitor (XBM)

(JES2 Only) on page 470
SETROPTS JES(EARLYVERIFY)
JES User ID Early Verification on page 471
SETROPTS JES(NJEUSER)
Understanding Default User IDs on page

497
SETROPTS JES(UNDEFINEDUSER)
Understanding Default User IDs on page

497
Preventing Access to Uncataloged Data Sets (CATDSNS Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can use the CATDSNS operand of the
SETROPTS command to keep users who do not have the SPECIAL attribute from
gaining access to data sets that DFP controls. These data sets include system
temporary data sets and data sets that are not cataloged. Users cannot read from
tape data sets, and they cannot read from or write to DASD data sets.
When the CATDSNS option is in effect, uncataloged data sets that are protected,
for example by a generic profile, can not be accessed by users who are
unauthorized by the generic profile, even if they are authorized to access
uncataloged data sets because they have READ access to ICHUNCAT.dataset-name.
Access to the ICHUNCAT.dataset-name resource does not provide access to
uncataloged data sets where other RACF authorization checking denies it. The
CATDSNS option provides an additional point of failure in the RACF authorization
sequence, not a point of success.
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RACF Options
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For a detailed view of the sequence of RACF checking, see Authorizing Access to
RACF-Protected Resources on page 720. The CATDSNS processing is covered in
Step 29 on page 724.
There are some exceptions. For example, CATDSNS processing does not fail the
request:
v If the user has READ access to a resource called ICHUNCAT.dataset-name in
the FACILITY class
v If the data set is protected by a discrete profile
v If the data set is created and used within the same job or TSO session. If this
data set is not cataloged before job termination or TSO logoff, it is not accessible
to any other job or TSO session.
To activate the CATDSNS option, enter:
SETROPTS CATDSNS
The CATDSNS option prevents users from using STEPCAT or JOBCAT statements.
An installation that wants to allow its users to use those functions can override the
restriction by granting users READ access to the ICHUSERCAT resource in the
FACILITY class.
In addition, if SETROPTS MLACTIVE is in effect, RACF produces one or more type
83 SMF records whenever a data set profile is added, changed, or deleted. This
record contains the list of the cataloged data sets that are affected by the change,
addition, or deletion of the profile.
If the SETROPTS CATDSNS option is not in effect, the list of the affected data sets
may not be complete. Therefore, using the SETROPTS CATDSNS option allows
you to list and audit the data sets affected by the change in a particular profile.
Because the SETROPTS CATDSNS option prevents users without the SPECIAL
attribute from accessing uncataloged data sets (except as noted above), the list of
data set names provided by the DSNS operand on the LISTDSD command is
identical to the list of all data sets affected by the profile change.
You can also specify CATDSNS(WARNING), which allows accesses, but sends a
warning message to the user and the security administrator.
To cancel the CATDSNS option, specify NOCATDSNS on the SETROPTS
command.
Activating Enhanced Generic Naming for the DATASET Class (EGN

Option)
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate enhanced generic naming for
the DATASET class by issuing the SETROPTS command with the EGN operand:
SETROPTS EGN
When you activate this option, RACF allows you to specify the generic character **
(in addition to the generic characters * and %) when you define any of the following:
v A generic profile in the DATASET class
v An entry in the global access checking table for the DATASET class
Note that enhanced generic naming changes the meaning of the generic character *
for generic data set profiles. (SETROPTS EGN has no effect on general resource
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RACF Options
profiles.) In addition, a generic profile such as hlq.* defined while SETROPTS
NOEGN is in effect, will appear as hlq.*.** when listed after EGN is activated.
For information on specifying profile names with enhanced generic naming, see
To deactivate enhanced generic naming for the DATASET class, issue the
SETROPTS command with the NOEGN operand.
Note: IBM strongly recommends that you not deactivate enhanced generic naming
after data set profiles have been created while enhanced generic naming
was active.
NOEGN is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
Controlling Data Set Modeling (MODEL Option)

The MODEL operand of the SETROPTS command allows you to automatically
supplement the information that is normally placed in new data set profiles by
ADSP, PROTECT=YES, or ADDSD. Modeling can be effective for user, group, and
GDG data sets on an individual user ID or group name basis. You control this
processing with the MODEL(USER), MODEL(GROUP), and MODEL(GDG)
operands of the SETROPTS command. The following example shows how to
specify this option for USER data sets:
SETROPTS MODEL(USER)
To specify this option, you must have the SPECIAL attribute.

Note: The FROM(profile-name) operand on the ADDSD command overrides any
specifications from the MODEL(USER) or MODEL(GROUP) operands.
If you specify MODEL(NOGDG), MODEL(NOUSER), or MODEL(NOGROUP),
RACF does not use a model data set profile for new GDG, USER, or GROUP data
sets, respectively. For more information, see Automatic Profile Modeling for Data
Sets on page 163.
If you specify NOMODEL, RACF does not use automatic model processing for
GDG, group, or user data sets.
NOMODEL is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
Bypassing Automatic Data Set Protection (NOADSP Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can specify that RACF ignore the ADSP
attribute (if specified in user profiles). To do this, enter:
SETROPTS NOADSP
With the SETROPTS NOADSP operand in effect, RACF does not automatically
create discrete data set profiles when users who have the ADSP attribute create
new data sets. IBM recommends the NOADSP option because it reduces the
number of data set profiles in the RACF database. Using generic data set profiles is
generally more efficient.
You can reinstate normal ADSP processing with the ADSP operand.
ADSP is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
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RACF Options
Displaying and Logging Real Data Set Names (REALDSN Option)

If your installation is using the naming conventions table or installation exits to
convert data set names, you can specify that RACF put the actual data set names
used by RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH and REQUEST=DEFINE into any SMF log
record and operator messages. To do this, enter:
SETROPTS REALDSN
Putting the REALDSN option into effect ensures that log printouts and operator
messages identify data sets by their real names rather than by the data set names
that are created by installation exit routines to conform to RACF naming
conventions. To specify this option, you must have the SPECIAL attribute.
Note: This option has no effect on single-qualifier data set names (unless they
have been modified by the naming conventions table or an exit routine),
whose real data set names continue to be the prefixed ones. For more
NOREALDSN is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
Protecting Data Sets with Single-Qualifier Names (PREFIX Option)

You can RACF-protect data sets that have names consisting of only a single
qualifier (that is, single-level names). To get RACF protection for single-qualifier
names, issue the SETROPTS command with the PREFIX operand to activate the
facility and define a prefix. If you use the SETROPTS command with the PREFIX
operand to define a prefix (high-level qualifier), RACF internally modifies
single-qualifier names by adding the high-level qualifier when it processes requests
for the data set. The prefix must be an existing group name and cannot be the
name used as the high-level qualifier of any actual data sets or data set profiles in
the system. The following example shows how to RACF-protect data sets with
single-qualifier names with the prefix RAC1LVL:
SETROPTS PREFIX(RAC1LVL)
Attention
If you do not issue the SETROPTS command with the PREFIX operand, a
system ABEND occurs if a discrete profile is created when a user tries to
create a data set with a single-qualifier name.
To specify the PREFIX or NOPREFIX operands, you must have the SPECIAL
attribute.
Activating Tape Data Set Protection (TAPEDSN Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate tape data set protection by
using the TAPEDSN operand of the SETROPTS command. When you activate tape
data set protection, RACF refers to profiles in the DATASET class when verifying a
users access authority to a tape data set. The following example shows how to
specify this option:
SETROPTS TAPEDSN
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also deactivate tape data set protection
by using the NOTAPEDSN operand on the SETROPTS command.
NOTAPEDSN is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
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RACF Options
Activating Tape Volume Protection (CLASSACT(TAPEVOL) Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate tape volume protection by using
the CLASSACT(TAPEVOL) operand of the SETROPTS command. When you
activate tape volume protection, RACF refers to profiles in the TAPEVOL class
when verifying a users access authority to a tape volume. If both the TAPEVOL
class and TAPEDSN are active, RACF maintains profiles in both the TAPEVOL and
DATASET classes. Data fields within these two profiles (data set name in the
TAPEVOL profile and volume serial in a discrete data set profile) link the two
profiles to each other. The following example shows how to activate tape volume
protection:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TAPEVOL)
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also deactivate tape volume protection
by using the NOCLASSACT(TAPEVOL) operand on the SETROPTS command.
Note: If your installation has a tape management system, you might consider
running with TAPEDSN active and TAPEVOL inactive. In this case, you
maintain tape volume security because the tape management system
controls access to volumes. For more information, see Choosing Which
Tape-Related Options to Use on page 175.

Option)
The RACF security retention period is the number of days that RACF protection
remains in effect for a tape data set. For example, to select tape volumes to return
to the scratch pool, a tape librarian can issue the SEARCH command with the
EXPIRES operand. When the librarian issues this command, RACF uses the
security retention period to check if RACF protection for all data sets on a tape
volume has expired. If RACF protection has expired, the tape volume can be
returned to the scratch pool.
If you define a tape volume with a TVTOC, RACF uses the security retention period
when checking the authority to overwrite a data set on the volume with a data set of
a different name. Before opening the tape data set for output, RACF ensures that
the security retention periods for all of the following data sets on the volume have
expired.
Users can specify a security retention period on the ADDSD and ALTDSD
commands, or, for data sets covered by a discrete profile, by the use of the
EXPDT/RETPD JCL operands. If a user does not specify a retention period with
RACF commands or JCL, RACF selects a retention period through profile modeling,
an installation exit, or a system default set with the RETPD operand on the
SETROPTS command.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can establish a system default number of
days with the RETPD operand. With this operand, you can specify a one to five
digit number in the range of 0 through 65533. To set a default retention period for a
data set that never expires, specify 99999. The following example shows how to
specify a RACF security retention period of 365 days:
SETROPTS RETPD(365)
RACF uses the default security retention period for a tape data set in the following
situations:
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RACF Options
v When a user defines a data set (using ADDSD) without specifying a retention
period
v When a user defines a data set (using ADDSD) or changes a data set profile
(using ALTDSD) and specifies RETPD(0)
v When a user specifies RETPD=0 on the JCL statement
v When a user specifies EXPDT=todays date on the JCL statement
v When a user omits the RETPD and EXPDT parameters on the JCL statement
For example, if a user specifies RETPD=0 on the JCL statement and your
installation has established a default retention period of 365 using SETROPTS
RETPD, RACF uses 365 as the retention period for the users data set.
The default security retention period when RACF is installed is RETPD(0), to
indicate no retention period.
Notes:
1. The RACF security retention period is independent of the data set retention
period specified by the EXPDT/RETPD JCL operands. However, the two
retention periods are the same initially if the data set has a discrete profile. You
can modify the security retention period by using the ALTDSD command, but
you cannot change the data set retention period in the tape label of tape data
sets.
2. The security retention period tape data sets has meaning only when both the
TAPEVOL class and TAPEDSN are active.
Erasing Scratched or Released DASD Data (ERASE Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate erase-on-scratch processing
with the ERASE operand on the SETROPTS command. If erase-on-scratch is
active and a DASD data set profile has the erase indicator set, ERASE specifies
that data management is to erase the contents of any scratched or released data
set extents that are part of a DASD data set protected by that profile. When RACF
runs on a system that includes data management support for erase-on-scratch, the
contents of a scratched and erased data set cannot be read.
The ERASE operand has several suboperands that allow an installation to override
user specifications.
v ALL specifies that all data sets (including temporary data sets) are always
erased, regardless of the erase indicator in the data set profile. When this option
is selected, installation exit routines cannot prevent any data set from being
erased by overriding this option.
v SECLEVEL allows you to specify a security level at which all data sets at this
security level or higher are always erased, regardless of the erase indicator in
the profile.
v NOSECLEVEL specifies that RACF is not to use the security level in the data set
profile when it decides whether data management is to erase a scratched data
set.
The following example shows how to activate erase-on-scratch processing for all
data sets with a security level of CONFIDENTIAL or higher.
SETROPTS (ERASE) SECLEVEL(CONFIDENTIAL)
If you specify the ERASE operand without the ALL suboperand, erase-on-scratch
processing applies only to DASD data sets that do not have system-generated
temporary names and do not have names that begin with **SYSUT. You can extend
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RACF Options
erase-on-scratch to include temporary data sets with system-generated names by
using the naming conventions table to modify system-generated names to look like
permanent names. In this case, you need not specify ALL.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also deactivate erase-on-scratch
processing by using the NOERASE operand on the SETROPTS command.
NOERASE is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
Establishing National Language Defaults (LANGUAGE Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can specify the installation defaults for
national languages on your system. You can specify a primary language and a
secondary language. Applications that use the RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT
macro to determine a users primary and secondary languages can use the
installation defaults set by SETROPTS if the user does not have his or her own
language preferences.
To specify the installation default languages, enter:
SETROPTS LANGUAGE(PRIMARY(language1) SECONDARY(language2))
You must specify a 3-character language code unless RACF is running with the
MVS message service active.
LANGUAGE(PRIMARY(ENU) (SECONDARY(ENU)), which means American
English, is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
SETROPTS Options to Activate In-Storage Profile Processing

RACF provides processing to activate in-storage profiles. It can help the
administrator maximize performance of the RACF database. The SETROPTS
operands are:
v GENLIST
v RACLIST
They allow your installation to reduce the amount of storage that is used by general
resource profiles and the amount of processing that is associated with retrieving
profiles from the RACF database, respectively.
Notes:
1. RACF does not allow you to specify SETROPTS GENLIST and SETROPTS
RACLIST for the same general resource class at the same time.
2. Whenever you re-IPL the system, RACF automatically reactivates SETROPTS
GENLIST and RACLIST processing for the classes for which this was previously
requested.
SETROPTS GENLIST Processing

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate SETROPTS GENLIST
processing. Activate this function for general resource classes that contain a small
number of frequently referenced generic profiles. When you activate SETROPTS
GENLIST processing, you enable the sharing of in-storage generic profiles for the
classes you specify. For a list of the classes eligible for GENLIST processing, see
the description of the class descriptor table (CDT) in z/OS Security Server RACF
Macros and Interfaces.
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RACF Options
To activate this function, issue the SETROPTS GENLIST(classname), where
classname is one of the following:
v A member class specified in the class descriptor table (CDT)
v Grouping class RACFVARS or NODES
RACF processes classname and all classes that share the same POSIT value on
their class descriptor table (CDT) entries. The following example shows how to
activate SETROPTS GENLIST processing for the TERMINAL class.
SETROPTS GENLIST(TERMINAL)
After you activate SETROPTS GENLIST processing for a general resource class,
RACF copies a generic profile in that class from the RACF database into common
storage the first time an authorized user requests access to a resource protected by
it. The profile is retained in common storage and is available to all authorized users,
thereby saving real storage because the need to retain multiple copies of the same
profile (one copy for each requesting user) in common storage is eliminated. Also,
because RACF does not have to retrieve the profile each time a user requires
access to it, this function saves processing overhead.
Note that a general resource class must be active before you can activate
SETROPTS GENLIST processing for that class. If the class is not active, issue the
SETROPTS command with both the GENLIST and CLASSACT operands and
specify the desired class. The following example shows how to activate the
TERMINAL class and SETROPTS GENLIST processing for that class on the same
command.
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TERMINAL) GENLIST(TERMINAL)
For more information on activating protection for specific general resource classes,
check the index of this book for the class name.
Deactivating SETROPTS GENLIST Processing

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can deactivate SETROPTS GENLIST
processing for general resource classes. To deactivate this function, issue the
SETROPTS command with the NOGENLIST operand and the selected general
resource classes.
NOGENLIST is the default and is in effect for all eligible classes that are defined in
the class descriptor table (CDT) when a RACF database is first initialized using
IRRMIN00.
See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for more information
about SETROPTS GENLIST processing.
SETROPTS GENLIST Processing on Shared Systems

If your installation has two or more systems sharing a RACF database, you need to
issue the SETROPTS GENLIST command on only one of those systems.
SETROPTS GENLIST processing is automatically propagated to all systems
sharing the database.
Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS GENLIST Processing

If your installation has activated SETROPTS GENLIST processing for a particular
resource class, you must refresh in-storage profiles for this processing when you
make changes to one of these profiles in the database. Refreshing profiles for
SETROPTS GENLIST processing ensures that the most current copy of a profile
resides in common storage and is available for RACF authorization checking. To
refresh profiles for this processing, issue the SETROPTS command with the
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RACF Options
GENERIC and REFRESH operands and specify the appropriate resource classes.
For more information, see Refreshing In-Storage Generic Profile Lists (GENERIC
REFRESH Option) on page 131.
For information about SETROPTS REFRESH processing on shared systems, see
Refreshing Shared Systems (REFRESH Option) on page 132.
SETROPTS RACLIST Processing

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate SETROPTS RACLIST
processing. When you activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing, you enable the
sharing of both in-storage discrete and in-storage generic profiles for the classes
you specify. For a list of the classes eligible for RACLIST processing, see the
description of the class descriptor table (CDT) in z/OS Security Server RACF
Macros and Interfaces.
To activate this function, issue SETROPTS RACLIST(classname), where classname
is one of the following:
v A member class for which RACLIST=ALLOWED is specified in the class
descriptor table (CDT)
v Grouping class RACFVARS or NODES
RACF will RACLIST classname and all classes that share the same POSIT value
on their class descriptor table (CDT) entries. The following example shows how to
activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the TERMINAL class.
SETROPTS RACLIST(TERMINAL)
Notes:
1. If the system is enabled for sysplex communication and a command is
successful on the system on which it was issued, RACF propagates the
command to the other members of the data sharing group.
2. If the command fails on any of the peer systems and the system is in data
sharing mode, RACF stops processing the command and backs it out of all the
member systems, including the system on which it was issued.
3. In non-data sharing mode, the command can fail on a peer system without
backing out of the other systems.
4. If the system is not enabled for sysplex communication, the command does not
take effect on the other systems sharing the database until you issue it on those
systems or the systems are IPLed.
When you activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for a general resource class,
RACF loads both discrete and generic profiles for the class into a data space.
These profiles are available to all authorized users, thereby eliminating the need for
RACF to retrieve a profile each time a user requests access to a resource protected
by it. As a result, when you activate this function, you reduce processing overhead.
If the RACGLIST class is active and has a profile with the same name as the
RACLISTed class, RACF saves the results on the database as classname_nnnnn
profiles in the RACGLIST class, in addition to loading them into a data space. For
example, RACF would save the RACLISTed data for the TERMINAL class as
TERMINAL_00001, TERMINAL_00002, and so forth. For more information on RACGLIST,
see The RACGLIST Class on page 259.
If RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES was previously issued for the class,
issuing SETROPTS RACLIST deletes the data space created by the RACROUTE
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RACF Options
request and replaces it with a new one. The SETROPTS RACLIST overrides the
GLOBAL=YES RACLIST. Output from a SETR LIST command displays the class in
the SETR RACLIST CLASSES = line rather than in the GLOBAL=YES RACLIST ONLY = line.
For more information, see Using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES
Support on page 259.
Note that a general resource class must be active before you can activate
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for that class. If the class is not active, issue the
SETROPTS command with both the RACLIST and CLASSACT operands and
specify the desired class. The following example shows how to activate the
TERMINAL class and SETROPTS RACLIST processing for that class on the same
command.
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TERMINAL) RACLIST(TERMINAL)
For more information on activating protection for specific general resource classes,
check the index of this book for the class name.
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Additional considerations for RACLIST
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Topic
Reference (See...)
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Profile size for resources in classes

processed using SETROPTS RACLIST or
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST
Limiting the Size of Your Access Lists on

page 205
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SETROPTS RACLIST processing for

Chapter 8, Administering the Dynamic Class
resources in the CDT class (dynamic classes) Descriptor Table (CDT), on page 287
Deactivating SETROPTS RACLIST Processing
There are some special considerations regarding RACLIST processing. For

information, see the following references.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can deactivate SETROPTS RACLIST
processing for general resource classes. To deactivate this option, issue
SETROPTS NORACLIST(classname). RACF processes classname and all classes
that share the same POSIT value on their class descriptor table (CDT) entries.
You can also use SETROPTS NORACLIST to delete a data space created by a
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES command. Therefore, the command
must operate on classes even though RACLIST=DISALLOWED is specified in the
class descriptor table (CDT). If RACGLIST is active and RACGLIST
classname_nnnnn profiles exist, RACF deletes them and keeps the base
RACGLIST profile name. For more information, see The RACGLIST Class on
page 259 and Using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES Support on
page 259.
Notes:
1. You should issue a SETROPTS NORACLIST command for classes RACLISTed
by RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES only after all classes that
issued RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,ENVIR=CREATE,GLOBAL=YES have
given up their access to the RACLIST data space by issuing RACROUTE
REQUEST=LIST,ENVIR=DELETE.
3. If the command fails on any of the peer systems RACF does not back it out of
the member systems.
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RACF Options
NORACLIST is the default and is in effect for all eligible classes that are defined in
the class descriptor table (CDT) when a RACF database is first initialized using
IRRMIN00.
See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for more information
about SETROPTS RACLIST processing.
SETROPTS RACLIST Processing on Shared Systems

If two or more systems that are not enabled for sysplex communication are sharing
a RACF database, SETROPTS RACLIST processing applies only to the system on
which you issue the SETROPTS command. With this type of sharing, you must
issue the SETROPTS command on all of the systems in order to perform RACLIST
processing on all of the systems. If you do not issue the SETROPTS RACLIST
command on one of the shared systems, RACLIST is performed for that system
when the system re-IPLs.
On systems that are enabled for sysplex communication, issue the SETROPTS
RACLIST command only once. If the command is successful, it is propagated to the
other members of the data sharing group.
Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST Processing

Any changes made to discrete or generic profiles activated for SETROPTS
RACLIST processing become effective only when you issue the SETROPTS
command with both the RACLIST and REFRESH operands. You can refresh these
profiles if you have the SPECIAL attribute.
To refresh the profiles, issue SETROPTS RACLIST(classname) REFRESH. RACF
refreshes classname and all classes that share the same POSIT value on their
class descriptor table (CDT) entries.
You can also use SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH to refresh a class RACLISTed
by a RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST GLOBAL=YES command. RACF deletes the old
data space and loads the discrete and generic profiles for the class into a new data
space.
SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH has no effect on what line SETROPTS LIST
displays a RACLISTed class. If the class were RACLISTed solely by RACROUTE
REQUEST=LIST, ENVIR=CREATE, GLOBAL=YES the class will be listed in the
GLOBAL=YES RACLIST ONLY = line. Regardless of whether the class was RACLISTed
by that means, if it was RACLISTed by SETR RACLIST classname, the class will
be listed only in the SETR RACLIST CLASSES = line.
If the RACGLIST class is active and contains a profile named classname, RACF
rebuilds or creates the RACGLIST classname_nnnnn profiles to hold the new
contents of the new data space. For more information, see The RACGLIST Class
on page 259 and Using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES Support on
page 259.
Note that you must issue this command each time you want RACF to perform the
refresh process. The following example shows how to activate refreshing of
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the DASDVOL and TERMINAL classes.
SETROPTS RACLIST(DASDVOL TERMINAL) REFRESH
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RACF Options
SETROPTS REFRESH Option for Special Cases

RACF provides the SETROPTS REFRESH operand to allow the administrator to
refresh profiles in any situation. The options described in this section are:
v GENERIC REFRESH
v GLOBAL REFRESH
v REFRESH for shared systems
Refreshing In-Storage Generic Profile Lists (GENERIC REFRESH

Option)
If you have the SPECIAL, AUDITOR, or OPERATIONS attribute, you can initiate the
refreshing of in-storage generic profile lists by specifying the GENERIC and
REFRESH operands on the SETROPTS command.
When you specify GENERIC and REFRESH, you also specify one or more classes
for which you want RACF to refresh in-storage generic profile lists. This causes all
of the in-storage generic profiles in the specified general resource class (except
those in the global access checking table) to be replaced with new copies from the
RACF database. Note that you must issue this command each time you want RACF
to perform the refresh process.
To refresh the profiles, issue the SETROPTS GENERIC(classname) REFRESH
command. RACF processes classname and all classes that share the same POSIT
value on their class descriptor table (CDT) entries.
The following example shows how to refresh in-storage generic profiles for the
DATASET and TERMINAL classes.
SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET TERMINAL) REFRESH
If you use SETROPTS GENLIST to activate shared in-storage generic profiles for a
general resource class, RACF refreshes the profiles as well as the profile lists for
that class when you specify the class with GENERIC and REFRESH. For more
information, see SETROPTS Options to Activate In-Storage Profile Processing on
page 126.
If you specify GENERIC(*), RACF refreshes profile lists for the DATASET class and
all active classes in the class descriptor table (CDT) except group resource classes.
If you specify NOGENERIC on the SETROPTS command, RACF stops using
in-storage generic profile lists but does not immediately delete them. RACF deletes
the profile lists at the end of the job or TSO session, or when you again specify
GENERIC. When you specify GENERIC, RACF rebuilds the profile lists.
Note: You must have the SPECIAL attribute to issue the SETROPTS GENERIC
command by itself. However, to issue SETROPTS GENERIC (classname)
REFRESH, you do not need the SPECIAL attribute. However, you must have
the group-SPECIAL, group-AUDITOR, group-OPERATIONS, AUDITOR, or
OPERATIONS attribute.
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RACF Options

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can initiate the refreshing of global access
checking lists by specifying the GLOBAL and REFRESH operands on the
SETROPTS command. When you specify GLOBAL and REFRESH, also specify the
class for which you want RACF to refresh global access checking lists. Note that
you must issue this command each time you want RACF to perform the refresh
process.
To refresh the profiles, issue the SETROPTS GLOBAL(classname) REFRESH
command. RACF processes classname and all classes that share the same POSIT
value on their class descriptor table (CDT) entries.
The following example specifies that you want RACF to refresh global access
checking lists for the DATASET and TERMINAL classes.
SETROPTS GLOBAL(DATASET TERMINAL) REFRESH
If you specify GLOBAL(*), RACF refreshes access checking lists for the DATASET
class and all active classes in the class descriptor table (CDT).
If you specify NOGLOBAL, you disable global access checking for the class that
you specify.
Refreshing Shared Systems (REFRESH Option).
Refreshing Shared Systems (REFRESH Option)

If two or more systems that are not enabled for sysplex communication are sharing
a RACF database, SETROPTS REFRESH processing applies only to the system
on which you issue the SETROPTS command. With this type of sharing, you must
issue the SETROPTS command on all of the systems to perform REFRESH
processing on all of the systems. If you do not issue the SETROPTS REFRESH
command on one of the shared systems, REFRESH is performed for that system
when the system re-IPLs.
On systems that are enabled for sysplex communication, issue the REFRESH
command only once. If the command is successful, it is propagated to the other
members of the data sharing group.
If the command fails on any of the peer systems and the system is in data sharing
mode, RACF stops processing the command and backs it out of all the member
systems, including the system on which it was issued.
In non-data sharing mode, the command can fail on a peer system without backing
out of the other systems.
SETROPTS Options for Special Purposes

Some options are useful for special purposes. You can specify them at any time,
but you might not want to specify them when RACF is first installed. These options
include:
v TERMINAL
v CLASSACT for the SECDATA and SECLABEL classes
v SESSIONINTERVAL
v WHEN(PROGRAM)
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RACF Options
Protecting Undefined Terminals (TERMINAL Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can specify the universal access authority
(UACC) that RACF uses when users attempt to log on to TSO from terminals that
are not defined to RACF. You can specify this option with the TERMINAL operand
of the SETROPTS command, as shown in the following example:
SETROPTS TERMINAL(READ|NONE)
Attention
Before you specify NONE, be sure that you define your terminals to RACF
and give the appropriate users and groups proper authorization to use them.
Otherwise, users cannot access the terminals.
When you specify READ or NONE, you establish a default UACC for all users to
undefined terminals on your system. If you specify READ, all users can access all
terminals on your system (if allowed to by the security classifications of the
terminals). If you specify NONE, only users and groups that you authorize to use a
terminal through its access list can use it. If you do not specify either READ or
NONE, the default value is READ. For more detailed information, see Protecting
Terminals on page 235.
For undefined terminals, READ access authority is in effect when a RACF database
is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
Activating the Security Classification of Users and Data

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate security classification of users
and data by specifying CLASSACT(SECDATA) or CLASSACT(SECLABEL) on the
SETROPTS command, as shown in the following examples:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(SECDATA)
SETROPTS CLASSACT(SECLABEL)
Security classification of users and data allows an installation to impose additional

access controls on resources by defining security levels, security categories, and
security labels for both users and resources.
Note: You can create profiles in the SECDATA and SECLABEL classes, and
specify security classifications in resource and user profiles, without actually
activating the SECDATA and SECLABEL classes. When authorization
checking occurs, the security classifications are ignored by RACF. This
allows you to label the profiles without enforcing the security classifications.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also deactivate security classification of
users and data by specifying NOCLASSACT(SECDATA) or
NOCLASSACT(SECLABEL), as appropriate, on the SETROPTS command.
NOCLASSACT(SECDATA) and NOCLASSACT(SECLABEL) are in effect when a
RACF database is first initialized using IRRMIN00.
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RACF Options

Option)
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can set the maximum number of days that
any session segment password in an APPCLU profile can go without being
changed. If any APPCLU profile has a higher interval limit, the SETROPTS value is
used instead.
To set the limit, enter:
SETROPTS SESSIONINTERVAL(n)
where n is the maximum number of days that can be specified and must be
between 1 and 32767.
To remove the system-wide maximum (allowing any value in the profiles to take
effect), enter:
SETROPTS NOSESSIONINTERVAL
Activating Program Control (WHEN(PROGRAM) Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can activate program control by using the
WHEN(PROGRAM) operand of the SETROPTS command. When program control
is active, RACF provides access control to load modules, and program access to
data sets and SERVAUTH resources. The following example shows how to specify
this option:
SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM)
Access control to load modules allows only authorized users to load and execute
specified load modules (programs). RACF uses profiles in the PROGRAM general
resource class to control access to programs.
Program access to data sets allows an authorized user or group of users to access
specified data sets in conjunction with the users authority to execute a certain
program. That is, some users can access specified data sets at a specified access
level only while executing a certain program.
Program access to SERVAUTH class resources allows an authorized user or group
of users to access certain IP addresses in conjunction with the users authority to
execute a certain program. That is, some users can access specified IP addresses
at a specified access level only while executing a certain program.
If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can also deactivate program control by
using the NOWHEN(PROGRAM) operand on the SETROPTS command.
NOWHEN(PROGRAM) is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using
IRRMIN00.
Notes:
2. If the command fails on any of the peer systems and the system is in data
sharing mode, RACF stops processing the command and backs it out of all the
member systems, including the system on which it was issued.
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RACF Options
4. In non-data sharing mode, the command can fail on a peer system without
backing out of the other systems.
For more information, see Chapter 9, Protecting Programs, on page 303.
SETROPTS Options Related to Security Labels

Several options are related to security labels. They include:
v COMPATMODE (See page 137.)
v MLACTIVE (See page 137.)
v MLFSOBJ (See page 139.)
v MLIPCOBJ (See page 139.)
v MLNAMES (See page 140.)
v MLQUIET (See page 136.)
v MLS (See page 136.)
v MLSTABLE (See page 135.)
v SECLABELCONTROL (See page 135.)
v SECLBYSYSTEM (See page 140.)
Note: All of the above SETROPTS options related to security labels, except
MLNAMES, require the SECLABEL class to be active. The MLNAMES option
can be used while the SECLABEL class is not active.

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, you can prevent users who do not have the
SPECIAL attribute from doing either of the following:
v Specifying or changing a security label in a resource profile
v Changing a SECLABEL profile using the RALTER command
To place this control into effect, enter:
SETROPTS SECLABELCONTROL
When the SECLABELCONTROL option is in effect, only certain users can specify
the SECLABEL operand on RACF commands:
v Users with the SPECIAL attribute can specify the SECLABEL operand on any
RACF command.
v Users with the group-SPECIAL attribute can specify the SECLABEL operand only
on the ADDUSER and ALTUSER commands when they add a user to a group
within their scope of control. Also, group-SPECIAL users must be permitted to the
SECLABEL profiles with at least READ access authority.
v Users without the SPECIAL attribute cannot specify the SECLABEL operand.
To cancel this option, specify NOSECLABELCONTROL on the SETROPTS
command.
Preventing Changes to Security Labels (MLSTABLE Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, and if the SECLABEL class is active, you can
prevent users from changing the classification of data while the data is in use.
Specifically, you can do all of the following:
v Prevent any user from changing the security label of a RACF profile
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RACF Options
v Prevent any user from changing a SECLABEL profile using the RALTER
command unless SETROPTS MLQUIET is in effect. Changes to the access list
using the PERMIT command are allowed.
To do this, enter:
SETROPTS MLSTABLE
Restriction: This option cannot be activated when the SECLABEL class is inactive.
To cancel this option, specify NOMLSTABLE on the SETROPTS command.
Note: If you must change security labels while the system is in multilevel stable
state, you can issue SETROPTS MLQUIET before making the changes. See
Quiescing RACF Activity (MLQUIET Option).
Quiescing RACF Activity (MLQUIET Option)

If you have the SPECIAL attribute, and MLSTABLE is in effect, you can prevent
users other than SPECIAL users, console operators, and started procedures from
logging on, starting new jobs, or accessing resources. This prevents them from
using the RACROUTE AUTH, DEFINE, and VERIFY requests.
To do this, enter:
SETROPTS MLQUIET
To cancel this option, specify NOMLQUIET on the SETROPTS command.

Restriction: If SETROPTS MLSTABLE is not in effect, the SETROPTS MLQUIET
command is ignored.
Note: Do not specify SETROPTS MLQUIET if any system sharing the RACF
database is not at the necessary software level for multilevel security
support. For details, see z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the
Common Criteria.
Use of the MLQUIET option can prevent a successful IPL of these systems.
In addition, if no systems sharing the RACF database are capable of
multilevel security, you may have to IPL with RACF inactive and update the
database with the block update command (BLKUPD) in order to turn off the
MLQUIET option.

MLS Option)
prevent unauthorized users from copying data from a resource with one security
label to a resource with a lower security label. This protection is also called
controlling write-down.
To do this, enter:
SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES)
Restrictions:
v You cannot activate this option when the SECLABEL class is inactive.
v The resource you want to protect must be in a resource class that is defined in
the CDT with neither the RVRSMAC nor EQUALMAC attribute. (If the class has
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RACF Options
the RVRSMAC attribute, users are prevented from writing-up. If the class as
EQUALMAC, users are not restricted in their write actions.)
You can authorize certain users to copy data from a resource with one security
label to a resource with a lower security label by defining and controlling the
write-down privilege. (For more information, see Controlling the write-down
Privilege on page 103.)
You can specify MLS(WARNING), rather than MLS(FAILURES), to allow the user
request, but to send a warning message to the user and the security administrator.
If you do not specify the FAILURES option with the SETROPTS MLS command,
then MLS(WARNING) will be activated.
Restriction: SETROPTS MLS(WARNING) does not apply to resources controlled
by the SETROPTS MLFSOBJ option (z/OS UNIX files and directories) and the
SETROPTS MLIPCOBJ option (interprocess communication objects).
To cancel the SETROPTS MLS option, specify NOMLS on the SETROPTS
command.
Activating Compatibility Mode For Security Labels (COMPATMODE

Option)
If you are using security labels on your system, and you observe security label
failures for some calls at the designated security console or in audit records, the
reason may be that the caller used a pre-RACF 1.9 protocol that did not, or was
unable to, specify a security label.
If this was the case, and you want to have security label authorization checks
succeed for those callers who are not using current protocols, you may be able to
use the COMPATMODE option on the SETROPTS command to do so. Specifying
COMPATMODE allows the caller to access the resources it needs, providing the
user has access to a security label that could allow the requested access to the
resource.
To establish COMPATMODE, enter:
SETROPTS COMPATMODE
To investigate the source of a security label failure, obtain a copy of the RACF audit
records using output from the SMF data unload utility (IRRADU00). (See z/OS
Security Server RACF Auditors Guide.) Examine the records for the call to see if
the failure occurred because of insufficient security label authority. Next, examine
the token information for the caller. If the callers token is identified as being created
by a pre-RACF 1.9 protocol that either did not, or was unable to, specify a security
label, RACF failed the security label authorization check.
NOCOMPATMODE is in effect when a RACF database is first initialized using
IRRMIN00.
Enforcing Multilevel Security (MLACTIVE Option)

control whether security labels are required for certain resource classes. When
MLACTIVE is in effect, the following requirements are enforced:
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RACF Options
Requirements:
v All work entering the system must be run by a RACF-defined user.
v A security label must be assigned to all work entering the system, including batch
jobs and users logging on to TSO and MVS consoles, started procedures, and to
any application that supports security labels when users log on.
v All user tasks running in a servers address space must have a security label that
is equivalent to the security label of the address space.
v You must either assign and grant permission to a default security label for every
RACF user ID, or permit user IDs to SYSLOW. Users without a default security
label will attempt to run with SYSLOW when MLACTIVE(FAILURES) is in effect
v A security label must be assigned to all profiles in the following classes:
APPCPORT
APPCSERV
APPCTP
APPL
DATASET
DEVICES
DIRECTRY
DSNADM
DSNR
FILE
GDSNCL and MDSNCL
GDSNDB and MDSNDB
GDSNJR and MDSNJR
GDSNPN and MDSNPN
GDSNSC and MDSNSC
GDSNSG and MDSNSG
GDSNSM and MDSNSM
GDSNSP and MDSNSP
GDSNSQ and MDSNSQ
GDSNTB and MDSNTB
GDSNTS and MDSNTS
GDSNUF and MDSNUF
SERVAUTH
SERVER
TAPEVOL
TERMINAL
USER
WRITER
To enforce multilevel security, enter:
SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES)
Restriction: This option cannot be activated when the SECLABEL class is

inactive.
You can also specify MLACTIVE(WARNING), which allows the users to log on or
submit jobs. MLACTIVE(WARNING) sends a warning message to the user and to
the security administrator when the user attempts to:
Enter the system without a security label
Access a resource in one of the previously mentioned classes but the
resource has not been assigned a security label
If you do not specify the FAILURES option with the SETROPTS MLACTIVE
command, then MLACTIVE(WARNING) will be activated.
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RACF Options
To cancel the MLACTIVE option, specify NOMLACTIVE on the SETROPTS
command.
Attention: Do not issue the SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) command
unless you have assigned appropriate security labels to users and to the
resources they must access. To recover from such a situation, logon as a user
with the SPECIAL attribute, specifying SYSHIGH as the current security label.
Then, either assign security labels or issue SETROPTS NOMLACTIVE. If you
turn on MLACTIVE and do not correctly define all profiles that need SECLABELs,
IPL failures or other serious problems can occur.
Recommendations:
Back up your RACF database with a database that you know you can use to
IPL.
Define new system profiles (including classes such as DATASET, TERMINAL,
TAPEVOL, APPL or any other active class that has SLBLREQ=YES in the
class descriptor table) and ensure they have the correct security labels.
Turn MLACTIVE on in WARNING mode.
Watch out for relevant warning messages.
Restricting Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories (MLFSOBJ

Option)
prevent users (except trusted and privileged started tasks) from accessing z/OS
UNIX file system resources, such as files and directories, that do not have security
labels. While the SETROPTS MLFSOBJ option is in effect, all z/OS UNIX file
system resources must have security labels.
To do this, enter:
SETROPTS MLFSOBJ(ACTIVE)
To cancel the MLFSOBJ option, specify MLFSOBJ(INACTIVE) on the SETROPTS
command.
Note: Do not specify SETROPTS MLFSOBJ(ACTIVE) if any system sharing the
RACF database is not at the necessary software level for multilevel security
support. Use of the SETROPTS MLFSOBJ option should not cause
problems on these systems, but it does not provide full protection on these
systems. For details, see z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the
Common Criteria.
Restricting Access to Interprocess Communication Objects

(MLIPCOBJ Option)
prevent users (except trusted and privileged started tasks) from accessing objects
used for interprocess communication, such as semaphores, message queues, and
shared memory, that do not have security labels. While the SETROPTS MLFSOBJ
option is in effect, all interprocess communication objects must have security labels.
To do this, enter:
SETROPTS MLIPCOBJ(ACTIVE)
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RACF Options
To cancel the MLIPCOBJ option, specify MLIPCOBJ(INACTIVE) on the SETROPTS
command.
Recommendation: Assign security labels to all users before activating MLIPCOBJ
to ensure that all interprocess communication objects in progress are assigned
security labels. One way to ensure this is to activate MLIPCOBJ at IPL time.
Note: Do not specify SETROPTS MLIPCOBJ(ACTIVE) if any system sharing the
support. Use of the SETROPTS MLIPCOBJ option should not cause
Common Criteria.
Using Name-hiding (MLNAMES Option)

prevent users from viewing the names of data sets, files and directories that they
cannot read based on their current security labels. This option is known as
name-hiding.
To do this, enter:
SETROPTS MLNAMES
To cancel the MLNAMES option, specify NOMLNAMES on the SETROPTS

command.
When MLNAMES is active, users who list catalogs and directories will not see the
names of data sets and files they cannot currently access. If the SECLABEL class
is not active while MLNAMES is active, data set names will still be hidden from
users who do not have at least READ access to the data sets. For details about
name-hiding, see z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria.
Note: Do not specify SETROPTS MLNAMES if any system sharing the RACF
database is not at the necessary software level for multilevel security
support. Use of the SETROPTS MLNAMES option should not cause
systems.

allow activation of security labels on a system image basis. Specify the SMF ID of
each selected system in the member list of profiles in the SECLABEL class to
indicate that a particular security label is active on that system.
Rules:
1. Security labels that are not active on a particular system cannot be used or
listed by users without SPECIAL or AUDITOR on that system.
2. If you define a security label with no member list, the security label is active on
all systems.
3. If you specify a member list for the following security labels, it will be ignored:
v SYSHIGH
v SYSLOW
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RACF Options
v SYSNONE
v SYSMULTI
When SECLBYSYSTEM is in effect, a batch job submitted with no security label
executes with the security label of the JESINPUT class profile, unless the
JESINPUT class security label is SYSMULTI.
After activating SECLBYSYSTEM, you must issue SETROPTS
RACLIST(SECLABEL) REFRESH to complete the activation of security labels by
system. This option cannot be activated when the SECLABEL class is inactive.
To activate this option, enter:
SETROPTS SECLBYSYSTEM
SETROPTS RACLIST(SECLABEL) REFRESH
To cancel the SECLBYSYSTEM option, specify NOSECLBYSYSTEM on the

SETROPTS command. Then, issue the SETROPTS RACLIST(SECLABEL)
REFRESH.
Note: Do not specify SETROPTS SECLBYSYSTEM if any system sharing the
support. Use of the SETROPTS SECLBYSYSTEM option should not cause
Common Criteria.
SETROPTS Options for Automatic Control of Access List Authority

Use of the SETROPTS options ADDCREATOR and NOADDCREATOR allows you
to specify whether the user ID of the person defining a resource profile is
automatically placed on the access list for that resource with ALTER authority. The
options are:
v ADDCREATOR
v NOADDCREATOR
Automatic Addition of Creators User ID to Access List

The ADDCREATOR option indicates that the profile creators user ID is placed on
the profile access list with ALTER authority when any new DATASET or general
resource profiles is defined using ADDSD, RDEFINE, or RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE.
This option is the default unless IRRMIN00 is run with PARM=NEW.
Automatic Omission of Creators User ID from Access List

The NOADDCREATOR option indicates that the profile creators user ID is not
placed on the profile access list with ALTER authority under the following
conditions:
v When any new DATASET or general resource profiles is defined using ADDSD,
RDEFINE, or creating a generic profile through RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE
v When a discrete profile (other than the DATASET and TAPEVOL classes) is
created through RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE
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RACF Options
Even if the NOADDCREATOR option is used, in the DATASET and TAPEVOL
classes created through RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE, the user ID of any
profile creator is placed on the new profiles access list with ALTER authority.
This will occur when a user creates a permanent data set, if the user has ADSP
and ADSP is active on the system, or when a user specifies PROTECT or
SECMODEL on the JCL DD statement or TSO allocate command for a new
permanent data set.
If IRRMIN00 is run with PARM=NEW, this option is the default.
Specifying the Encryption Method for User Passwords

By default, RACF uses the data encryption standard (DES) algorithm to encrypt
passwords and operator identification card (OIDCARD) data.
If you want to use the ICHDEX01 exit routine to store the passwords and OIDCARD
data in a masked form, use one of the following methods to override the DES
algorithm:
v Use MLPA to cause RACF to find the exit. This is the recommended method
because you only need to do it once.
v Create SMP.E USERMOD to claim ownership of ICHDEX01 and move it to
LPALIB. This is not recommended because you need to perform this operation
with each installation.
RACF performs two different encoding functions:
v Password/OIDCARD data encoding
v Password/OIDCARD data comparison
Encoding means that, given data in clear text and given an encryption key (which
RACF constructs), the equivalent data is produced in encrypted form. RACF
provides a one-way encoding. That is, data encrypted by RACF can only be
decoded if the data is already known. For additional details, see z/OS Security
Comparison means that, given a password (or OIDCARD data) as entered by a
user (in clear text form) and given a password (or OIDCARD data) as stored in the
RACF database in encoded form, an indication as to whether they are equal or not
is returned.
RACF performs password comparison in the following way:
v RACF encrypts the user-entered data using the DES algorithm and compares it
against the stored version. If they are equal, RACF returns to the caller with an
equal indication.
v RACF encodes the user-entered data using the current masking algorithm and
compares it against the stored version. If they are equal, RACF returns to the
caller with an equal indication.
By encoding the user-entered data against both the DES algorithm and the masking
algorithm, RACF allows the use of existing masked passwords and OIDCARD data
until they can be replaced by the DES forms.
For compatibility with previous versions of RACF, a dummy ICHDEX01 exit routine
is supplied with RACF. You should delete the dummy exit routine on all systems
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RACF Options
that share the RACF database after all of these systems have been converted to a
version of RACF that supports the DES algorithm.
Using Started Procedures

A procedure consists of a set of job control language statements that are frequently
used together to achieve a certain result. Procedures usually reside in the system
procedure library, SYS1.PROCLIB, which is a partitioned data set. A started
procedure is usually started by an operator, but can be associated with a functional
subsystem. For example, DFSMS is treated as a started procedure even though it
does not need to be specifically started with a START command.
Only RACF-defined users and groups can be specifically authorized to access
RACF-protected resources. However, started procedures have system-generated
JOB statements that do not contain the USER, GROUP, or PASSWORD parameter.
To enable started procedures to access the same RACF-protected resources that
users and groups access, started procedures must have RACF user IDs and group
names. By assigning them RACF identities, your installation can give started
procedures specific authorization to access RACF-protected resources. For
example, you can allow JES to access spool data sets. To associate the names of
started procedures with specific RACF group names and user IDs, you and your
RACF system programmer can do one of the following:
1. Set up the STARTED class (the recommended method).
2. Create a started procedures table (ICHRIN03).
Assigning RACF User IDs to Started Procedures

As with any other user ID and group name, the user ID and group name that you
assign to a started procedure must be defined to RACF using the ADDUSER and
ADDGROUP commands, and the user must be connected to the group. You may
also need to use the PERMIT command to authorize the users or groups to get
access to the required resources. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference for descriptions of these commands.
Protected User IDs

The user IDs that you assign to started procedures should have the PROTECTED
attribute. Protected user IDs are user IDs that have both the NOPASSWORD and
NOOIDCARD attributes. They are defined or modified using the ADDUSER and
ALTUSER commands. See Defining Protected User IDs on page 87 for more
information.
Protected user IDs can not be used to logon to the system, and are protected from
being revoked through incorrect password attempts. The following example shows a
protected user ID being defined for a CICS region, and an existing user ID used by
JES being given the PROTECTED attribute:
ADDUSER CICS03 DFLTGRP(STCGROUP) OWNER(STCADMIN) NOPASSWORD
ALTUSER JES
DFLTGRP(STCGROUP) OWNER(STCADMIN) NOPASSWORD
If you do not specify NOPASSWORD for a user ID assigned to a started procedure,

you should specify a password and change the password periodically. If you do not
specify a password and do not specify NOPASSWORD, RACF uses the default
group name as the password. Anyone who knows this user ID and password
combination can gain access to any resource that the started procedure can
access.
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RACF Options
See Using Protected User IDs for Batch Jobs on page 474 for more information.
Note: If the associated user ID is revoked for any reason, the started procedure
may have problems allocating new SMS-managed data sets, submitting
batch jobs, and obtaining printed output.
Undefined User IDs

A started procedure runs as an undefined user if:
1. It is executed without associating its name with a RACF-defined user ID and
group name.
2. The user or group is not defined.
3. The user is not connected to the group.
A started procedure running as an undefined user can access RACF-protected
resources if the universal access authority for the resource is sufficient to allow the
requested operation. However, if a started procedure requires access at a higher
level than universal access, you must associate the started procedure with a
RACF-defined user ID and group name.
Authorizing Access to Resources

A started procedure can gain access to RACF-protected resources in the following
ways:
1. By the user ID or group name assigned as for any other user of the system (for
example, universal access, entry and access list, and OPERATIONS).
2. By having the privileged attribute, which allows the started procedure to pass all
authorization checking (unless the CSA or PRIVATE operand is specified on the
RACROUTE request). No installation exits are called, no SMF records are
generated, and no statistics are updated. (Note that bypassing authorization
checking includes bypassing the checks for security classification of users and
data.)
3. By having the trusted attribute, which means the same as privileged, except that
you can request an audit using the SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS command.
Setting Up the STARTED Class

With the STARTED class, you dont need to change code or re-IPL the system in
order to add or modify RACF identities for started procedures. You can modify the
security definitions for started procedures dynamically, using the RDEFINE,
RALTER, and RLIST commands. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference for more information on these commands. In effect, the
STARTED class provides a dynamic started procedures table.
To set up the STARTED class, enter these commands (for example):
SETROPTS GENERIC(STARTED)
RDEFINE STARTED JES2.* STDATA(USER(JES2)
GROUP(STCGROUP) TRUSTED(YES))
RDEFINE STARTED **
STDATA(USER(=MEMBER) GROUP(STCGROUP) TRACE(YES))
SETROPTS CLASSACT(STARTED)
SETROPTS RACLIST(STARTED)
or, if changes have been made to the STARTED class profiles:
SETROPTS RACLIST(STARTED) REFRESH
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Defining Profile Data

Profiles in the STARTED class include the STDATA segment, which contains fields
for user ID, group name, trusted flag, privileged flag, and trace flag:
v The user ID can be a RACF user ID or the character string =MEMBER, which
indicates that the member name is to be used as the user ID.
v The group name can be a RACF group name or the character string =MEMBER,
which indicates that the member name is to be used as the group name.
v If tracing is specified, RACF issues operator message IRR812I during
RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY or VERIFYX to indicate which profile is used.
This message can be used during diagnosis of security problems with started
procedures, to determine which profile was used for a particular started
procedure.
RACF performs partial diagnosis when creating the STDATA segment to help you
define profiles that work correctly. For example, RACF verifies that a specified user
ID is connected to the group name, if specified.
Attention
Be sure to specify a group name (not =MEMBER) as the GROUP value of the
STDATA segment, if both of the following are true:
1. The profile name contains generic characters (*, %, or &).
2. The USER value of the STDATA segment is the character string =MEMBER.
If you do not specify a group name, a new started procedure or job could be
assigned on execution to a user ID that matches an existing user ID on your
system. Consider defining a special group (for example, STCGROUP) for
started procedures and job user IDs, and using this group name as the
GROUP value of the STDATA segment.
In addition, be careful which libraries your started procedures come from and
do not let your users update them. Refer to the JES customization manuals for
information on specifying procedure libraries.
Specifying STARTED Class Profile Names

With MVS/ESA 5.1 or later, you can start jobs as well as procedures using the
START command. The START command specifies the member name to start and,
optionally, the job name to use. See z/OS MVS System Commands for more
information on the START command.
Resource names in the STARTED class are of the form member.job, where:
member
is the 18 character name of a member of a partitioned data set

that contains the source JCL for the task to be started. The member
can be a job or a cataloged procedure.
job
is the name identifying the task to be started. If the START

command does not specify a job name, and the member does not
contain a JOB statement to supply a job name, the system uses the
member name as the job name when constructing the resource
name for STARTED class processing.
For each sample START command issued, Table 9 on page 146 shows the
resource name that will be used for STARTED class processing, and a list of names
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RACF Options
for STARTED class profiles that could be defined for each STARTED class
resource.
Table 9. Sample Profile Names for STARTED Class Resources
START Command
STARTED Class Resource

Name
STARTED Class Profile

Name
S CICS
CICS.CICS
CICS.CICS
CICS.*
CICS.**
S CICSP
CICS.CICSP
CICSP.CICSP
CICSP.*
CICSP.**
CICS*.**
CICS*
S CICST
CICS.CICST
CICST.CICST
CICST.*
CICST.**
CICS*.**
CICS*
S IMS,JOBNAME=IMSPROD
IMS.IMSPROD
IMS.IMSPROD
IMS.IMSP*
IMS.*
IMS.**
S IMS,JOBNAME=IMSTEST
IMS.IMSTEST
IMS.IMSTEST
IMS.IMST*
IMS.*
IMS.**
Using the Started Procedures Table (ICHRIN03)

Your RACF system programmer can use the started procedures table (ICHRIN03)
to associate the names of started procedures with specific RACF user IDs and
group names.
The started procedures table can also contain a generic entry that assigns a user
ID or group name to any started task that does not have a matching entry in the
table. In this case, the table can specify that the started task name should be used
as the user ID or group name, or it can assign a specific user ID or group name to
the started task. You should ensure that the generic entry, if used, assigns a
generic user ID or group name (for example, STCGROUP).
To modify the security definitions for started procedures using the started
procedures table, you need to:
1. Edit the started procedures table.
2. Assemble and link-edit the updated table.
3. Re-IPL the system.
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See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for information on
how to code the started procedures replaceable module, and for a complete
description of the started procedures table (ICHRIN03).
Started Procedure Considerations

Here are some things to consider when you use started procedures:
1. Even if your installation uses the STARTED class, you must have a started
procedures table (ICHRIN03). RACF cannot be initialized if ICHRIN03 is not
present. A dummy ICHRIN03 is shipped with and installed by RACF. If you use
the STARTED class, you should leave your existing ICHRIN03 in place, in case,
for example, someone unintentionally deactivates the STARTED class. For more
2. For installations that have an existing started procedures table (ICHRIN03) and
want to use the STARTED class, a sample REXX exec is provided in member
ICHSPTCV in SYS1.SAMPLIB to process the output of ICHDSM00 and build
RDEFINE commands to duplicate an existing started procedures table.
3. To make sure that critical system tasks (those marked TRUSTED or
PRIVILEGED in ICHRIN03) start successfully, define specific STARTED profiles
for them in the STARTED class.
4. The TRUSTED attribute can be assigned to key started procedures that have
the capability of preventing a successful IPL and those that need to create or
access a wide variety of unpredictably named data sets. Candidates for the
TRUSTED attribute include: JES, LLA, CATALOG, DUMPSRV, IEEVMPCR,
SMF, VLF, VTAM, APSWPROC, RACF (if RRSF is used), and both IXGLOGR
and XCFAS (if sysplex communication is used).
5. When the STARTED class is active, RACF uses it before using the started
procedures table (ICHRIN03). A generic profile such as ** or *.* with a valid
STDATA segment will override all the entries in ICHRIN03.
6. To make sure that RACF uses the STARTED class, you should verify that all
START commands have a matching profile with an STDATA segment that
assigns a user ID. To do this:
a. Define an appropriate generic profile that matches all possible START
commands (for example, ** or *.*).
b. Specify =MEMBER or a user ID of limited privileges.
c. Specify a group name, if you have specified =MEMBER as the USER value.
This approach ensures that, for any START command, there is always a
matching profile with an STDATA segment that assigns a user ID. In addition,
using this approach avoids the following situations, which cause RACF to use
ICHRIN03 to process the START command:
a. There is no matching profile.
b. There is a matching profile, but it does not have an STDATA segment.
c. There is a matching profile with an STDATA segment, but no user ID is
specified.
d. There is a matching profile with an STDATA segment, no user ID is
specified, but the assigned user ID matches an existing user ID on your
system.
7. When RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY or VERIFYX is issued with a started
procedure name, RACF checks to see if the STARTED class is active. If it is
active, RACF uses the STARTED class to determine the user ID, group name,
trusted flag, and privileged flag to use. If the STARTED class is not active,
RACF uses the started procedures table (ICHRIN03). RACF also uses the
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started procedures table, and issues message IRR813I or IRR814I if the
STARTED class is active but one of the following occurs:
a. RACF cannot find a matching profile in the STARTED class.
b. RACF finds a matching profile but the profile does not assign a user ID.
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Chapter 6. Protecting Data Sets on DASD and Tape

Protecting Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Defining Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard Data Set Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table-Driven Data Set Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data Sets That Have Single-Qualifier Data Set Names . . . .
Protecting User Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Group Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Creation of New Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Set Profile Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protection Through Discrete Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protection through Generic Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Generic Data Set Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . . .
When You Can Specify Generic Profile Names. . . . . . . . . . .
When to Do a Generic Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing between Discrete and Generic Data Set Profiles . . . . . .
Generic Profile Checking for the DATASET Class . . . . . . . . . .
Using SETROPTS PROTECTALL and SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET)
Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authority to Modify Generic Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conditional Access Lists for Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . . .
Universal Access Authority (UACC) for Data Sets . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Profile Modeling for Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Profile Modeling for User Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . .
Automatic Profile Modeling for Group Data Set Profiles . . . . . . .
Automatic Profile Modeling for GDG Data Sets. . . . . . . . . . .
Password-Protected Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting GDG Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data Sets That Have Duplicate Names . . . . . . . . . .
Non-VSAM DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VSAM Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disallowing Duplicate Names for Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Multivolume Data Sets with Discrete Profiles . . . . . . . .
Non-VSAM DASD Data Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Data Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VSAM Data Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting ADDCREATOR/NOADDCREATOR Options for Both DASD and
Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Access Authorities for DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suggestions for Assigning Access Authorities to DASD Data Sets . . . .
Erasing of Scratched (Deleted) DASD Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Catalogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting DASD System Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bypassed RACF Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enforced RACF Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DASD Volume Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFDSS-Authorized Storage Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data on Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing Which Tape-Related Options to Use . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Data Sets
Tape Data Set and Tape Volume Protection (TAPEDSN Active and
TAPEVOL Active) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Data Set Protection (TAPEDSN Active and TAPEVOL Inactive)
Tape Volume Protection (TAPEVOL Active and TAPEDSN Inactive) . . .
No Tape Volume or Tape Data Set Protection (TAPEVOL Inactive and
TAPEDSN Inactive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Existing Data on Tape (SETROPTS TAPEDSN in Effect) . . . .
Protecting New Data on Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Tape Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security Levels and Security Categories for Tapes . . . . . . . . . .
Security Labels for Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Volume Profiles That Contain a TVTOC . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Volume Table of Contents (TVTOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic TVTOC Tape Volume Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonautomatic Tape Volume Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Predefining Tape Volume Profiles for Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . .
RACF Security Retention Period Processing (TAPEDSN Must Be Active)
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When Both TAPEVOL and
TAPEDSN Are Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When TAPEVOL Is Inactive
and TAPEDSN Is Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When TAPEVOL Is Active
and TAPEDSN Is Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JCL Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installations with HSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IEC.TAPERING Profile in the FACILITY Class . . . . . . . . . . . .
Password-Protected Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multivolume Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Authorization of Bypass Label Processing (BLP) . . . . . . . .
Authorization Requirements for Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tape Data Set and Tape Volume Protection with Nonstandard Labels (NSL)
Opening an Unlabeled Tape for Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening an Unlabeled Tape for Output . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter contains in-depth information on protecting data sets on DASD and
tape.
Protecting Data Sets

This section describes considerations related to using RACF to protect data sets on
DASD and tape. Unless there is an explicit qualification, all of the information in this
section applies to both DASD and tape.
To protect data sets, create data set profiles. These profiles can be either discrete
or generic. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for
information about how to use the ADDSD and PERMIT commands to create data
set profiles.
Automatic direction of application updates for the DATASET class require special
consideration. See Controlling Automatic Direction of Passwords on page 271 and
Considerations for the DATASET Class on page 414.
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Rules for Defining Data Set Profiles

When you define data set profiles to RACF, you can use either standard or
nonstandard naming conventions. If you use nonstandard naming conventions, the
data set naming convention table and the single-level data set names option are
ways to help fit RACF standard naming conventions.
The descriptions of naming conventions are followed by rules for protecting and
allocating user and group data sets.
Standard Data Set Naming Conventions

By default, RACF expects a data set name (and the data set profile name) to
consist of at least two qualifiers. RACF also expects the high-level qualifier of the
data set profile name to be either a RACF-defined user ID or a RACF-defined group
name.
If you and your implementation team have chosen to define data set profiles under
the standard RACF naming conventions, you can create a group for each high-level
qualifier that is not a user ID, and permit users to protect any data set that has that
high-level qualifier by giving them CREATE authority in that group.
RACF can help enforce standard naming conventions at your location in several
ways. These ways require users to use your predefined naming convention so that
their data sets are RACF-protected.
v RACF has a PROTECTALL option on the SETROPTS command that allows a
user to create or access a data set only if the data set is RACF-protected, by
either a discrete or generic profile. See RACF-Protecting All Data Sets
(PROTECTALL Option) on page 119 for more information.
v If your installation does not use PROTECTALL, use a RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE exit routine to ensure that a predefined generic profile exists
before allowing a user to create a data set.
v When your users have the ADSP attribute, they can create or protect only data
sets whose names begin with their own user ID, or for which they have CREATE
or higher authority in the RACF group corresponding to the high-level qualifier of
the data set name.
Table-Driven Data Set Naming Conventions

You can use the naming convention table to set up and enforce a data set naming
convention other than that used by RACF. The table can:
v Supply a qualifier to be used as the high-level qualifier for authorization checking
v Convert data set names to RACF naming convention form for RACF use
v Convert names in RACF form to the installations format for external display
v Enforce a naming convention by not allowing the definition of data sets that do
not conform to an installations rules
v Reduce RACF overhead by determining whether a data set is a user or group
data set
You can create a naming convention table (module ICHNCV00), which RACF uses
to check and modify (internally to RACF) the data set name in all commands and
macros that process data set names. You can use the table to selectively rearrange
data set names to fit the RACF convention without actually changing those
names.
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Naming convention processing is done by RACF immediately before the
preprocessing/naming convention installation exits are called. (The exits can still be
used for additional processing.)
The RACF table-driven naming convention feature largely replaces the need for the
ICHCNX00 exit routine. (The naming convention table is processed before each call
to ICHCNX00.)
For more information on creating and using the RACF naming convention table, see
z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
Protecting Data Sets That Have Single-Qualifier Data Set Names

If some of the data sets in your installation have names that consist of a single
qualifier, you can still RACF-protect those data sets. To get RACF protection for
single-qualifier names, issue the SETROPTS command with the PREFIX operand.
This command defines a high-level qualifier to be used as a prefix for
single-qualifier names and activates the facility. Then, when RACF processes
requests for the data set, RACF internally modifies single-qualifier names by adding
the prefix, making the data set names acceptable to RACF routines.
In subsequent references to the profile, all RACF commands and the RACF report
writer expect to see the prefix followed by a period and the single-level data set
name. All SMF log records and all messages from RACF contain the
RACF-modified version of the data set name.
Attention
If you do not issue the SETROPTS command with the PREFIX operand, a
system ABEND occurs when a user attempts to create a data set with a
single-qualifier name. This abend occurs only when creating a discrete profile
as part of data set allocation.
Note: The real data set names option (specified by the REALDSN operand on the
SETROPTS command) applies only to name conversions made by the
naming conventions table or installation exit routines. This option has no
effect on single-qualifier data set names (unless they have been modified by
the naming conventions table or an exit routine), whose real data set
names continue to be the prefixed ones.
For more information on specifying the prefix, see Protecting Data Sets with
Single-Qualifier Names (PREFIX Option) on page 123.
Protecting User Data Sets

A user data set is a data set whose high-level qualifier is a RACF user ID. The
following rules apply to user data sets:
v In general, all RACF-defined users can protect their own data sets. However,
some SETROPTS options can restrict the ability of users to define and change
profiles. See Restricting Changes to Security Labels (SECLABELCONTROL
option) on page 135.
v A user can RACF-protect a data set for another user under any of the following
conditions:
The user who is protecting the data set has the SPECIAL attribute. A discrete
or generic profile can be created.
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The user who is protecting the data set has the group-SPECIAL attribute, and
the high-level-qualifier of the data set name is a user within the
group-SPECIAL users scope of authority. A discrete or generic profile can be
created.
The user who is protecting a data set has the OPERATIONS attribute (or the
group-OPERATIONS attribute if the data set is within his scope of authority)
and is simultaneously creating the data set.
In this case, the user can create a discrete profile:
- Through ADSP
- By specifying the PROTECT operand on the TSO ALLOCATE command
that creates the data set
- By specifying the PROTECT=YES OR SECMODEL=profile-name operands
on the JCL DD statement that creates the data set
v The REQUEST=DEFINE preprocessing exit routine allows RACF protection.
Protecting Group Data Sets

A group data set is a data set whose high-level qualifier is a RACF group name. A
RACF-defined user can RACF-protect a group data set under any of the following
conditions:
v The user has JOIN, CONNECT, or CREATE authority in the group.
v The user has the SPECIAL attribute (or the group-SPECIAL attribute for that
group) and the request is made using the ADDSD command.
v The user has the OPERATIONS attribute and is not connected to the group.
v The REQUEST=DEFINE preprocessing exit routine is used to override normal
RACF authorization requirements.
Controlling the Creation of New Data Sets

Using data set profiles, you can control whether users can create (allocate) new
data sets.
For cataloged data sets, creating, deleting, or renaming the data set involves
access not only to the data set profile protecting the data set, but also to the
catalog in which the data set is cataloged. In general, users need the following:
v To add entries to the catalog, users need authority to create the data set as
specified below and UPDATE authority to the catalog.
v To delete entries from the catalog, users need ALTER authority to the protecting
profile or to the catalog.
For more information, see Protecting Catalogs on page 172 and z/OS DFSMS:
Managing Catalogs.
The following cases describe how RACF can be used to control the creation of new
user and group data sets.
A user can create a new user data set in the following situations:
v The data set is protected by an existing generic profile and the user does not
have ADSP.
The creation is allowed if (1) the user has ALTER authority to the data set
through the generic profile or global access checking, or (2) the data set is the
users own data set. RACF does not create a profile.
v The data set name is not covered by an existing generic profile and the user
does not have ADSP.
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If PROTECTALL is not in effect, the creation is allowed, but RACF does not
create a profile. See Note 2.
v The user has ADSP and the data set is the users own data set.
The creation is allowed and RACF creates a discrete profile for the data set.
v The user has the OPERATIONS attribute. If the user has the
group-OPERATIONS attribute (that is, the user is connected to a group with the
OPERATIONS attribute), the high-level qualifier of the new data set must be the
ID of a user who is within the scope of that group.
A user can create a new group data set in the following situations:
v The data set name is protected by an existing generic profile and the user does
not have ADSP.
The creation is allowed if at least one of the following is true:
The user has ALTER authority to the data set through the generic profile or
global access checking.
The user has CREATE authority in the group.
RACF does not create a profile.
v The data set name is not covered by an existing generic profile and the user
does not have ADSP.
If PROTECTALL is not in effect, the creation is allowed, but RACF does not
create a profile. See Note 2.
v The user has ADSP and the data set belongs to a group of which the user is a
member.
The creation is allowed only if the user has CREATE authority in the group. If the
creation is allowed, RACF creates a discrete profile for the data set.
v The user has the OPERATIONS attribute except when both of the following are
true:
1. The user is connected to the group with less than CREATE authority.
2. The user has less than ALTER access to the data set if it protected by a
generic profile.
If the user has the group-OPERATIONS attribute (that is, the user is connected
to a superior group with the OPERATIONS attribute), the group for which the
new data set is being created must be within the scope of that superior group.
If PROTECTALL is not in effect, any user without ADSP can create a data set
whose high-level qualifier is neither a RACF user ID (user data set) nor a RACF
group name (group data set), but the data set cannot be RACF-protected. Note that
a dummy group (a group that has no users connected to it) can be defined for the
high-level qualifier of these data sets so that they can then be RACF-protected.
Notes:
1. In all cases, if the user specifies the PROTECT=YES or SECMODEL parameter
on the JCL DD statement, or the PROTECT or SECMODEL operand on the
TSO ALLOCATE command (these operands request that RACF create a
discrete profile), RACF treats the user the same as a user with ADSP. However,
because the use of these operands is voluntary, an installation cannot use the
operands to control the creation of data sets.
2. If PROTECTALL is in effect at your installation, a user cannot create a new data
set unless the data set is RACF-protected by either a discrete or generic profile.
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Data Sets
However, instead of rejecting all creation requests for unprotected data sets,
PROTECTALL also allows installations to issue warning messages. For more
information on the PROTECTALL option, see RACF-Protecting All Data Sets
(PROTECTALL Option) on page 119.
Data Set Profile Ownership

Each data set profile defined to RACF requires a RACF-defined user or group as
the owner of the profile. The owner (if a user) has full control over the profile,
including the access list.
If the owner of the data set profile is a group, users with group-SPECIAL in that
group have full control over the profile.
Ownership of data set profiles is assigned when the profiles are defined to RACF.
Note that ownership of a data set profile does not mean that the owner can
automatically access that data set. To access a data set, the owner must still be
authorized in the profiles access list, unless the high-level qualifier of the profile
name is the owners user ID.
In some cases, the OWNER field of a discrete data set profile can be changed
simply by renaming the data set. For details, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Data Set Profiles

The following topics describe what occurs when data sets are protected by profiles.
Protection Through Discrete Profiles

Users can protect data sets with discrete profiles in the following ways:
v Automatically when they create a permanent data set, if they have the ADSP
attribute and ADSP is active on the system
v When they specify the PROTECT or SECMODEL parameter on a JCL DD
statement for a new data set, or the PROTECT or SECMODEL operand on the
TSO ALLOCATE command for a new permanent DASD data set
v When they issue the ADDSD command with the SET operand for permanent
existing data sets
Two steps occur when a user defines a data set with a discrete profile. Only when
RACF has completed both of the following steps is the data set protected:
1. RACF sets an indicator to notify the system that the data set is RACF-protected.
This condition is called RACF-indicated.
The indicator is in the DSCB for a non-VSAM DASD data set and in the catalog
entry for a VSAM data set. The indicator for a tape data set is in the tape
volume profile for the volume that contains the data set.
Note: See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for
information on moving RACF-indicated data sets to other systems and
using utilities with RACF-protected data sets.
2. RACF adds the discrete profile to the RACF database.
For tape data sets, RACF also creates a discrete tape volume profile, unless a
tape volume profile already exists for the volume or the TAPEVOL class is not
active.
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Data Sets
Notes:
1. Scratching a DASD data set that is RACF-protected with a discrete profile
causes RACF to delete the data set profile from the RACF database.
2. Specifying DISP=DELETE for a tape data set only causes the data set to be
uncataloged if it was cataloged; it does not remove RACF protection from the
data set.
Protection through Generic Profiles

By using generic profiles, your installation can reduce both the number of profiles
required to protect data sets and the size of the RACF database, thus making
RACF protection easier to administer. In addition, generic profiles are loaded into
storage when first needed, are not deleted when the data set they protect is
deleted, and are not volume-specific (that is, data sets protected by a generic
profile can reside on any volume).
You can define a generic profile to protect data sets in one of the following ways:
v By issuing the ADDSD command and specifying the generic characters *, %, or,
if enhanced generic naming is active, ** in the profile name. Profile names that
contain generic characters can protect a number of similarly named data sets.
v By issuing the ADDSD command and specifying the GENERIC operand. Use this
operand when the profile name you specify does not contain any generic
characters, in which case it is a fully qualified generic profile. A fully qualified
generic profile protects only those data sets whose name matches the profile
name exactly. For example, you might define a fully qualified generic profile to
protect data sets with the same name that reside on different volumes.
Rules for Generic Data Set Profile Names

When You Can Specify Generic Profile Names
You can create a profile with a generic name when either of the following is true for
the class of the profile:
v The SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET) option is in effect. Not only does this
option allow the creation of generic profiles, it also causes RACF to use generic
profiles during authorization checking.
v The SETROPTS GENCMD(DATASET) option is in effect. In this case, generic
profiles can be created and modified, but RACF does not use them during
authorization checking. This is intended for use when migrating from discrete
profiles to generic profiles.
Some of the rules for generic characters are different between general resource
and data set generic profiles. For more information, see Rules for Generic Profile
Names on page 199 and z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.
The following rules apply to generic data set profile names:
v Valid generic characters are *, %, and **:
Specify % in the profile name to match any single non-blank character (except
a period) in the same position of the resource name.
Specify * or ** in the profile name to match more than one character in the
same position of the resource name. For data set profile names, you can
specify ** only if the SETROPTS EGN option is in effect. For a complete
description, with examples, of how to specify * and **, see z/OS Security
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Data Sets
v For profiles in the DATASET class, the high-level qualifier of the profile name can
neither contain nor be a generic character. Here are some examples:
ABC.EF*
Valid
ABC.EF.**
Valid
A%C.EFG
Invalid
*.EFG
Invalid
ABC*.XYZ
Invalid
**.XYZ
Invalid
Note: You may see data set names with the high-level qualifiers of &&TEMP and
**SYSUT. These data sets are created internally by the IEHMOVE
program and should not be used for any other reason.
RACF enforces the rule that data set qualifiers can be no longer than eight
characters. Therefore, in generic data set profiles, the generic characters * and **
cannot be used to match qualifiers that are longer than eight characters.
When to Do a Generic Refresh

After you define or change generic profiles, activate your changes by entering:
SETROPTS GENERIC(classname) REFRESH
Also, changes to RACFVARS variables require a generic refresh on all classes that
use those variables.
Choosing between Discrete and Generic Data Set Profiles

When you create a profile in the DATASET class, you can create either a discrete
or generic profile.
Choose a generic profile for the following reasons:
v If you want to protect more than one data set with the same security
requirements. The data sets protected by a generic profile must have some
identical characters in their names. The profile name contains one or more
generic characters (*, **, or %).
v If you have a single data set that might be deleted, then re-created, and you
want the protection to remain the same, you can create a fully qualified generic
profile. The name of a fully qualified generic profile matches the name of the data
set it protects. Unlike a discrete profile, a fully qualified generic profile is not
deleted when the data set itself is deleted.
Choose a discrete profile for the following reasons:
v To protect one data set that has unique security requirements. The name of a
discrete profile matches the name of the data set it protects.
v To allow changes to a data set profile to take effect immediately, without needing
to refresh in-storage copies of the profile.
Notes:
1. All of the members of a partitioned data set are protected by one profile, the
profile that protects the data set.
2. All of the components of a VSAM data set are protected by one profile, the
profile that protects the cluster name. You do not need to create profiles that
protect the index and data components of a cluster.
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Data Sets
3. For a generic profile, unit and volume information is ignored because the data
sets that are protected under the generic profile can reside on many different
volumes.
Generic Profile Checking for the DATASET Class

The rules for access-authorization checking of generic profiles for data sets are as
follows:
v Generic profiles are not checked unless generic profile checking is active for the
DATASET class. To activate it, enter:
v If generic profile checking is in effect for the DATASET class, RACF examines
the profiles as follows:
For a discrete profile (if the caller indicates that the data set is
RACF-indicated).
For a fully qualified generic profile.
For other generic profiles in the order of most specific to least specific profile
name. See Table 10 and Table 11 on page 159.
v After a profile is found, RACF uses information in the profile to do authorization
checking. For a complete description, see Authorization Checking for
RACF-Protected Resources on page 719.
If the data set is RACF-indicated, RACF first checks for a discrete profile. If a
discrete profile does not exist, RACF examines the generic profiles in the order of
most specific to least specific profile name. Therefore, if a discrete profile does not
exist, RACF uses the most specific matching generic profile.
If the data set is not RACF-indicated, RACF examines the generic profiles in the
order of most specific to least specific, and uses the most specific matching generic
profile.
Note: To determine which generic profile is the most specific match to a particular
data set name, you can use the LISTDSD command with the GENERIC
option.
Table 10 and Table 11 on page 159 list some generic profiles from the DATASET
class. This figure represents the order in which RACF checks the generic profiles
when it performs access-authorization checking. (This order is also the order that
RACF commands such as SEARCH would list these generic profiles.)
Table 10. Sample Data Set Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific (EGN Off)
Data Sets Being Accessed
Profile Name
Profile Type
SALES.A
Fully qualified
generic
SALES.DATA
Discrete
SALES.DATA
Fully qualified
generic
SALES.DATA.%
Generic
SALES.DATA.*
Generic
SALES.DATA%
Generic
SALES.DATA*
Generic
158
SALES.DATA
SALES.DATA.TEST
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
Data Sets
Table 10. Sample Data Set Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific (EGN Off) (continued)
Profile Name
Profile Type
SALES.DATA
SALES.DATA.TEST
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
SALES.DAT%
Generic
SALES.DAT*
Generic
SALES.DISK.*
Generic
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
Discrete
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
Fully qualified
generic
SALES.YEARLY.*
Generic
SALES.%ATA
Generic
SALES.*.QUOTA
Generic
SALES.*.QUOTA*
Generic
SALES.*
Generic
Note: RACF ignores a discrete profile if a data set is not RACF-indicated. Any data set that has a discrete profile
must be RACF-indicated.
Table 11. Sample Data Set Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific (EGN On)
Profile Name
Profile Type
SALES.DATA
SALES.DATA.TEST
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
SALES.A
Fully qualified
generic
SALES.DATA
Discrete
SALES.DATA
Fully qualified
generic
SALES.DATA.%
Generic
SALES.DATA.*
Generic
SALES.DATA.**
Generic
SALES.DATA%
Generic
SALES.DATA*
Generic
SALES.DAT%
Generic
SALES.DAT*
Generic
SALES.DISK.*
Generic
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
Discrete
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
Fully qualified
generic
SALES.YEARLY.*
Generic
SALES.%ATA
Generic
SALES.*
Generic
SALES.*.QUOTA
Generic
SALES.*.QUOTA*
Generic
SALES.**.DATA
Generic
SALES.**.QUOTA
Generic
SALES.**
Generic
X
X
X
X
X
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Data Sets
Table 11. Sample Data Set Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific (EGN On) (continued)
Profile Name
Profile Type
SALES.DATA
SALES.DATA.TEST
SALES.YEARLY.QUOTA
Note: RACF ignores a discrete profile if a data set is not RACF-indicated. Any data set that has a discrete profile
must be RACF-indicated.
To find out which profiles could protect a data set, take the following steps:
1. Find out if there is a discrete profile protecting the data set:
LISTDSD DATASET(dataset-name)
If a discrete profile exists for the data set, this command lists the contents of the
profile.
2. If no discrete profile protects the data set, issue the LISTDSD command again
with the GENERIC option:
LISTDSD DATASET(dataset-name) GENERIC
If a generic profile exists for the data set, this command lists the contents of the
profile.
3. There may well be other generic profiles that have the potential to protect the
data set. These profiles are listed by the SEARCH command in the order that
RACF would use them. Because all data set profiles begin with a user ID or
group name, you can use the FILTER operand to show only those profiles that
could protect a data set, as shown in the following examples:
SEARCH CLASS(DATASET) FILTER(userid.**)
SEARCH CLASS(DATASET) FILTER(groupname.**)
To see which of two generic profiles is more specific, compare the profile names,
character by character. Where they first differ, if one has a discrete character and
the other has a generic character, the one with the discrete character wins. If both
have a generic character where they differ, then:
v If one has a % and the other has a * or **, the one with % wins.
v If one has a * and the other has a **, the one with * wins.
If two profile names fit except for one character position, the following is the order in
which RACF examines them:
blank
.
$ (X'5B')
# (X'7B')
@ (X'7C')
AZ
09
%
*
Tip: The characters $, #, and @ may be displayed differently on terminals outside

the United States. Therefore, use the characters with the hexadecimal equivalents
shown above.
For example, the following profile names all fit in the first three character positions
(A.B), and are shown in the order RACF examines them:
A.B
A.B.B
A.BA
A.BZ
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Data Sets
A.B0
A.B9
A.B%
A.B*
When in doubt about the search order, create sample profiles and check the order
of profile names shown by the SEARCH command.
Using SETROPTS PROTECTALL and SETROPTS

GENERIC(DATASET) Together
If PROTECTALL is in effect at your installation, generic profile checking should also
be in effect. This allows you to create or access a data set if one of the following
conditions is met:
v The data set is protected by a discrete profile.
v The data set is protected by a generic profile.
v The access is allowed by global access checking.
For users with alter authority, RACF allows renaming a data set from a name
covered by a global entry to another name covered by a global entry. Similarly,
renaming is allowed from a name covered by one generic profile to a name covered
by another generic profile. Renaming is not allowed from a name covered by a
generic profile to one covered by a global entry, because this could allow the user
to remove protection from the data set.
If PROTECTALL is in effect and generic profile checking is not, only users who
have ADSP or specify PROTECT=YES can create new data sets.
After defining, altering, or deleting a generic profile, the following command ensures
that the profile is in effect during authorization checking:
SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET) REFRESH
RACF is invoked whenever a data set is accessed (whether or not the data set is
RACF-indicated) and whenever DASD space is allocated for a data set (whether or
not the user has the ADSP attribute or has specified PROTECT=YES on the JCL
statement). When RACF is invoked for a data set that is not RACF-indicated, RACF
checks only predefined generic profiles and the global access checking table. If
PROTECTALL is not in effect and RACF cannot find an appropriate generic profile
or a matching entry in the global access checking table, RACF accepts the access
request by default.
Attention
Data sets that are not RACF-indicated but are protected by a generic profile
are not protected if they are transferred (in any way) or available (such as
through shared DASD) to another system that does not have RACF and
appropriate predefined generic profiles.
Authority to Modify Generic Profiles

To modify a generic profile, a user must be the profile owner, or have the SPECIAL
(or group-SPECIAL, if applicable) attribute, or have a user ID identical to the
profiles high-level qualifier. Unless one of these conditions is met, the user cannot
alter the generic profile, even if the user has ALTER access authority to the profile.
Note that the access list in a generic profile does not apply to the profile itself. See
z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for descriptions of the
authorities needed to issue particular RACF commands.
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Data Sets
Conditional Access Lists for Data Set Profiles

RACF allows installations to specify conditional access lists for data sets. You can
require that a user or job enter the system from a particular device when accessing
data sets. Specifically, you can do the following:
v By specifying WHEN(TERMINAL(...)) on the PERMIT command, you can require
that a user be logged onto a particular terminal.
For this support to take effect, the TERMINAL class must be active.
v By specifying WHEN(CONSOLE(...)) on the PERMIT command, you can require
that a user be logged onto a particular console.
For this support to take effect, the CONSOLE class must be active.
v By specifying WHEN(JESINPUT(...)) on the PERMIT command, you can require
that the batch job accessing the data set has been submitted from a particular
JES input device.
For this support to take effect, the JESINPUT class must be active.
v By specifying WHEN(APPCPORT(...)) on the PERMIT command, you can require
that a user enter the system from a particular partner LU.
For this support to take effect, the APPCPORT class must be active.
v By specifying WHEN(SERVAUTH(...)) on the PERMIT command, you can require
that a user enter the system from a particular network security zone (containing
IP addresses).
For this support to take effect, the SERVAUTH class must be active.
Note: If an access list contains more than one condition, any of the conditions
allows the specified access. For example, if you enter the PERMIT command
with WHEN(CONSOLE(01) TERMINAL(20)) specified, you allow the access
when either console 01 or terminal 20 is used.
Universal Access Authority (UACC) for Data Sets

Each data set profile you define with RACF requires a universal access authority
(UACC). The UACC is the default access authority that RACF gives to users and
groups that are not defined in the profiles access list. If one of these users or
groups requests access to a data set that is protected by the profile, RACF grants
or denies the request based on the UACC. UACC coverage also extends to users
that are not defined to RACF and batch jobs that are not associated with a
RACF-defined user. A batch job has no user ID associated with it in the following
cases:
v There is no user ID propagation in the system, and no user ID or password was
specified.
v The release of JES that is installed does not support user ID propagation.
v The job originated from an NJE, RJE, or card reader, and no USER parameter
was specified on the JOB statement.
In some cases, jobs originating from NJE can have a user ID, depending on the
NODES class profiles that are defined on your system.
If you specifically assign an access authority to a user or group, the authority you
specify overrides the UACC assigned to the data set. Also, if the access checking
defined in the global access checking table is higher than the UACC assigned to
the data set, the entry in the global access checking table overrides the UACC.
For a given data set:
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Data Sets
v If you set UACC to NONE, all users are refused access to the data set because
they are not authorized to access the data set through an access list, global
access checking, the OPERATIONS attribute, or the WARNING indicator.
v If you set UACC to READ, EXECUTE, UPDATE, CONTROL, or ALTER, all users
can access the data set at the specified level of authority, unless they are
specifically excluded by security classification checking or an entry in the
standard access list, or the user ID has the RESTRICTED attribute.
Note: If you have users who are not defined to RACF, you can use ID(*) instead
of UACC to ensure that only RACF-defined users access the resource. The
following examples illustrate the difference between UACC(READ) and ID(*)
ACCESS(READ).
v To allow all users on the system to use a data set, specify UACC(READ)
for the profile, as follows:
RDEFINE profile-name UACC(READ)
v To allow only RACF-defined users on the system to use a data set,

specify UACC(NONE) for the profile, and then issue the PERMIT
command with ID(*) and ACCESS(READ) specified:
RDEFINE profile-name UACC(NONE)
PERMIT profile-name ID(*) ACCESS(READ)
Automatic Profile Modeling for Data Sets

You can set up automatic modeling for new data set profiles (whether discrete or
generic). You can do this for:
v Data set profiles for selected users
v Data set profiles for selected groups
v GDG data sets
Automatic Profile Modeling for User Data Set Profiles

You can specify a model data set profile to be used whenever new user data set
profiles are created for a specific user. Information from the model profile is copied
to any data set profile with the specified user ID as high-level qualifier.
To do this, follow these steps:
1. For each user for which modeling is to be done, specify the profile that is to be
used as a model:
ALTUSER userid MODEL(model-profile-name)
or
ADDUSER userid MODEL(model-profile-name)
Note: When specifying the MODEL operand, do not specify the users user ID
on the model profile name.
2. If necessary, create a model data set profile:
ADDSD userid.model-profile-name MODEL
...other appropriate operands such as UACC and AUDIT...
PERMIT userid.model-profile-name ID(appropriate-users-or-groups)
ACCESS(access-authority)
Notes:
a. With the MODEL operand specified, no actual data set need exist with the
specified profile name. A generic profile cannot be a model profile.
b. A profile created with the MODEL operand is not intended to actually protect
a data set (and does not cause an existing data set to be RACF-indicated).
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Data Sets
However, if a data set with the same name exists, the model profile might
be used to protect that data set. Therefore, IBM recommends that you
choose a profile name such that the profile does not match any data sets.
3. When you are ready to start using model profiles for user data sets, issue the
SETROPTS command with MODEL(USER) specified:
4. After the SETROPTS command has been issued, if a user creates a user data
set profile for another user, and that profile had the MODEL operand specified,
information from the model profile is always copied into the new user data set
profile.
Example:
The following commands set up a model profile named SUE.SAMPMOD for user
SUE. The model specifies a UACC of NONE and gives READ access to SAM,
JOE, and GROUP1:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ALTUSER SUE MODEL(SAMPMOD)

ADDSD SUE.SAMPMOD MODEL UACC(NONE)
PERMIT SUE.SAMPMOD ID(SAM JOE GROUP1) ACCESS(READ)
User SUE then issues the following command:

(5) ADDSD SUE.DATA UACC(READ)
In this example:
(1) indicates to RACF that automatic profile modeling is to be used for new
profiles beginning with SUE.
(2) creates a profile named SUE.SAMPMOD. With the MODEL operand
specified, no actual data set named SUE.SAMPMOD needs to exist. However, if
a data set named SUE.SAMPMOD does exist, it is protected by the profile
named SUE.SAMPMOD.
(3) specifies an access list for profile SUE.SAMPMOD.
(4) turns on automatic profile modeling for all of the users who have the MODEL
operand set in their user profiles.
(5) creates profile SUE.DATA with UACC(READ). RACF copies the access list
from SUE.SAMPMOD (SAM, JOE, and GROUP1 have READ access). With
UACC(READ) specified on the ADDSD command, the UACC(NONE) value from
SUE.SAMPMOD is not used. Note that the copied information can be changed
during the copy. See Possible Changes to Copied Profiles When Modeling
Occurs on page 40.
Automatic Profile Modeling for Group Data Set Profiles

You can specify a model data set profile to be used whenever new group data set
profiles are created in a specific group. Information from the model profile is copied
to any data set profile with the specified group name as high-level qualifier.
To do this, take the following steps:
1. For each group for which modeling is to be done, specify the profile to be used
as a model by entering one of the following commands:
ALTGROUP groupname MODEL(model-profile-name)
ADDGROUP groupname MODEL(model-profile-name)
Note: When specifying the MODEL operand, do not specify the groups group
name on the model profile name.
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Data Sets
2. If necessary, create a model data set profile:
ADDSD groupname.model-profile-name MODEL
...other appropriate operands such as UACC and AUDIT...
PERMIT groupname.model-profile-name ID(appropriate-users-or-groups)
Notes:
a. With the MODEL operand specified, no actual data set need exist with the
specified profile name.
b. A profile created with the MODEL operand is not intended to actually protect
a data set (and does not cause an existing data set to be RACF-indicated).
However, if a data set with the same name exists, the model profile might
be used to protect that data set. Therefore, IBM recommends that you
choose a profile name such that the profile does not protect any data sets.
3. When you are ready to start using model profiles for group data sets, issue the
SETROPTS command with MODEL(GROUP) specified:
SETROPTS MODEL(GROUP)
4. After the SETROPTS command has been issued, if a user creates a group data
set profile for a group for which the MODEL operand has been specified,
information from the model profile is always copied into the new group data set
profile.
Example:
The following commands set up a model profile named GROUP1.SAMPMOD for
group GROUP1. The model specifies a UACC of NONE and gives READ access to
SAM, JOE, and GROUP1:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ALTGROUP GROUP1 MODEL(SAMPMOD)

ADDSD GROUP1.SAMPMOD MODEL UACC(NONE)
PERMIT GROUP1.SAMPMOD ID(SAM JOE GROUP1) ACCESS(READ)
SETROPTS MODEL(GROUP)
A user then issues the following command:

(5) ADDSD GROUP1.DATA UACC(READ)
In this example:
(1) indicates to RACF that automatic profile modeling is to be used for new
profiles beginning with GROUP1.
(2) creates a profile named GROUP1.SAMPMOD. With the MODEL operand
specified, no actual data set named GROUP1.SAMPMOD needs to exist.
However, if a data set named GROUP1.SAMPMOD does exist, it is protected by
the profile named GROUP1.SAMPMOD.
(3) specifies an access list for profile GROUP1.SAMPMOD.
(4) turns on automatic profile modeling for all groups that have the MODEL
operand set in their group profiles.
(5) creates profile GROUP1.DATA with UACC(READ). RACF copies the access
list from GROUP1.SAMPMOD (SAM, JOE, and GROUP1 have READ access).
With UACC(READ) specified on the ADDSD command, the UACC(NONE) from
GROUP1.SAMPMOD is not used. Note that the copied information can be
changed during the copy. See Possible Changes to Copied Profiles When
Modeling Occurs on page 40.
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Data Sets
Automatic Profile Modeling for GDG Data Sets

You can use automatic profile modeling for GDG data sets. For more information,
see Protecting GDG Data Sets.
Password-Protected Data Sets

When a data set is both password-protected and RACF-protected, access to the
data set is authorized through RACF authorization checking. If an authorization
request for a password-protected data set is satisfied by a RACF global access
table entry or a RACF data set profile, password checking is ignored.
When a data set is password-protected but not RACF-protected, access to the data
set is authorized through password protection.
When a RACF-protected data set is moved to a system without RACF support, you
cannot perform authorization checking. Therefore, after you have installed RACF,
your users may need to maintain password protection only for those data sets that:
v Are not RACF-protected
v Are RACF-protected and are used on other systems that do not have RACF
support
Password protection is not used for SMS-managed data sets. Therefore, if your
installation has procedures that use password protection for data sets, you must
modify these procedures accordingly.
Protecting GDG Data Sets

You can RACF-protect GDG (generation data group) data sets in one of the
following ways:
v You can define a generic profile to protect all members of a GDG. This is the
method that IBM recommends and it is the same as the method for protecting
non-GDG data sets with a generic profile. For example, a profile of the form
GDG.basename* protects all members of a GDG and the base entry for the GDG
in the catalog.
Note that, if enhanced generic naming is in effect, a profile of the form
GDG.basename.** provides the same protection.
Table 12 shows examples of generic profiles that you can define to protect GDG
data sets.
Table 12. Protecting GDG Data Sets Using Generic Profiles
Generic Profile Name
EGN
Protected GDG Names
GDG.BASENAME*
Off
GDG.BASENAME
GDG.BASENAME.G0123V00
GDG.BASENAME.**
On
GDG.BASENAME
GDG.BASENAME.G0123V00
Note: For GDG profiles, with enhanced generic naming active, you can no
longer define a profile name such as GDG.ABCDEFGH* whose last
qualifier contains an asterisk as the ninth character. Externally, an existing
profile name of this format is shown as GDG.ABCDEFGH.**. Internally, no
conversion is required because the two names are equivalent. However,
you should examine existing CLISTs that generate commands to ensure
that any profile names that appear in those commands are in the correct
format.
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Data Sets
v You can define discrete profiles to protect GDG data sets in the same way that
you define discrete profiles to protect non-GDG data sets.
Note: Catalog management also checks authority to the GDG base name. You
should create a discrete profile for the GDG base with the unit and volume
of the catalog on which the GDG base resides. This protects the GDG for
catalog and uncatalog functions.
v You can use the MODEL(GDG) operand on the SETROPTS command to specify
that each member of a GDG can use a common profile identified by the GDG
base name. The owner of the GDG data set can establish a base (index) name
profile containing an access list that is accessible by all related users and
groups. When MODEL(GDG) is in effect and REQUEST=AUTH processes a
RACF-indicated GDG data set, RACF first looks for a profile with the base name,
and, if one exists, uses this common profile.
If you want individual access lists, do not create the profile for the base name. If
the GDG base name is not defined in the RACF database, RACF uses the profile
for the individual GDG name (which is the same as the RACF-processing for
non-GDG data sets).
Notes:
1. To use GDG modeling, each generation must be RACF-indicated.
2. Catalog management also checks authority to the GDG base name. You
should create a discrete profile for the GDG base with the unit and volume of
the catalog on which the GDG base resides. This protects the GDG for
catalog and uncatalog functions.
Protecting Data Sets That Have Duplicate Names

You can use a fully qualified generic profile to protect data sets with the same name
that reside on different volumes.
Alternatively, you can use separate, discrete profiles to define data sets having the
same name. Support for data sets with duplicate names allows authorized users to:
v Move and copy RACF-protected data sets from one volume to another (for
example, with the IEHMOVE system utility)
v Establish separate discrete profiles (including the access list and statistics and
logging options) for data sets having the same name
v Protect data sets that have the same name and reside on non-shared volumes
(such as SYS1.LINKLIB) on a loosely-coupled system that uses a shared RACF
data set
RACF differentiates between data sets having the same name by examining the
volume serial number of each separately protected data set.
Non-VSAM DASD Data Sets

For non-VSAM data sets, RACF uses the serial number of the volume on which the
data set resides.
VSAM Data Sets

For VSAM data sets, RACF uses the volume serial number of the catalog for the
VSAM or integrated catalog facility in which the data set is cataloged. If multiple
catalogs for the integrated catalog facility reside on the same volume and contain
entries for duplicate VSAM data sets, only one of the data sets can be protected by
a discrete profile.
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Data Sets
Tape Data Sets

If TAPEDSN is active and RACF is maintaining a TVTOC for the tape volume
(TAPEVOL is active), RACF does not permit duplicate data set names on the same
volume, or on different volumes if the volumes are part of the same multivolume
data set group. This restriction applies even if the data sets are not protected by
RACF.
Disallowing Duplicate Names for Data Set Profiles

You can prevent identically named data sets from being defined to RACF with
separate, discrete profiles by modifying the installation-replaceable module
ICHSECOP. For information on modifying ICHSECOP, see z/OS Security Server
RACF System Programmers Guide.
If you disallow duplicate data set profile names, data sets with the same name must
be defined to RACF for protection in one common discrete profile with multiple
volume serials. In this case, a data set shares the data set profile (including the
access list, and statistics and logging options) with other data sets that have the
same name.
Note that a fully qualified generic profile can also be used to protect data sets with
identical names, regardless of which volumes they reside on.

To create a discrete profile for a new tape or non-VSAM DASD data set (if you do
not have the ADSP attribute), specify the PROTECT or SECMODEL parameter on
the JCL DD statement that identifies the data set (or for DASD data sets, the
PROTECT or SECMODEL operand on the TSO ALLOCATE command). Note that
the normal reason for a user to use PROTECT or SECMODEL instead of ADSP is
that most of the users data sets do not require discrete profiles because they are
covered by generic profiles.
Protecting Multivolume Data Sets with Discrete Profiles

You can protect a multivolume data set with either a discrete or a generic profile. If
a generic profile protects the data set, the fact that the data set is multivolume is
irrelevant.
To create a discrete profile for a multivolume tape or non-VSAM DASD data set,
you must define each volume of the data set to RACF. RACF stores the volume
serial numbers in the data sets profile. When the data set is extended to another
volume or deleted from a volume, that volumes serial number is automatically
added to or deleted from the data set profile.
Note: You cannot rename a multivolume non-VSAM DASD data set that is
protected by a discrete profile. If the data set is protected with a generic
profile, it can be renamed if the new name is also covered by a generic
profile.
For more information on handling multivolume data sets in addition to the following
considerations, see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
Non-VSAM DASD Data Set Considerations

When a multivolume physical sequential DASD data set is opened for input, RACF
does not require that each volume on which the data set resides be defined in the
data set profile.
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Data Sets
When an existing multivolume physical sequential data set is opened for output, a
RACF-protection consistency check is performed. All volumes of the data set that
are processed by end-of-volume (when a volume switch occurs) must indicate the
same RACF-protection status as the first volume opened. That is, if the first volume
is RACF-protected (the DSCB indicator is on and the volume is defined in the data
set profile), succeeding volumes must be RACF-protected as part of the same
profile. If the first volume is not RACF-protected, succeeding volumes must not be
RACF-protected.
For multivolume non-physical sequential DASD data sets, RACF performs
authorization checking for each volume on which the data set resides.
Tape Data Set Considerations

When an existing multivolume data set is opened for output, a RACF-consistency
check is performed. All volumes of the data set must be RACF-protected, or all
volumes of the data set must not be RACF-protected.
When a volume label is changed (destroyed) during a volume label rewrite, a
REQUEST=DEFINE,TYPE=DELETE is issued for the old volume serial number.
VSAM Data Set Considerations

For VSAM data sets, extending the data set to a new volume causes RACF to
protect the new volume, even though RACF does not add the serial number to the
data set profile. The profile for VSAM data sets contains only the volume serial
number of the catalog entry for the data set.
Setting ADDCREATOR/NOADDCREATOR Options for Both DASD

and Tape
When specified in a generic profile, ALTER allows users to create new data sets
that are covered by that profile. If the SETROPTS NOADDCREATOR option is in
effect, the user who created the profile is not automatically added to the profiles
access list. Even when the SETROPTS NOADDCREATOR option is in effect, when
discrete DATASET or TAPEVOL profiles have been created using RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE (including RACDEF), the profile creators ID is automatically
added to the list. For more information, see Automatic Addition of Creators User ID
to Access List on page 141.
Protecting DASD Data Sets

This section gives additional information that applies to data sets on DASD. You
should already be familiar with the information contained in Protecting Data Sets
on page 150.
Access Authorities for DASD Data Sets

You permit users and groups to access a RACF-protected data set by:
v Adding them to the access list of the discrete or generic profile that applies to the
data set and
v Giving them one of the access authorities described in Table 13 on page 170.
Table 13 on page 170 describes the access authorities associated with data set
profiles. Many operations for cataloged data sets involve access not only to the
data set profile protecting the data set, but also to the catalog in which the data set
is cataloged. For access authorities required by users who are creating, deleting, or
renaming data sets, see Controlling the Creation of New Data Sets on page 153.
For more
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Data Sets
information about authorizing users to perform data set and catalog operations with
protected catalogs, see the following publications:
v z/OS DFSMS Access Method Services for Catalogs
v z/OS DFSMS: Using Data Sets
v z/OS DFSMS: Managing Catalogs
Table 13. Access Authorities for DASD Data Sets
NONE
Does not allow users to access the data set.
EXECUTE
For a private load library, allows users to load and execute, but not read
or copy, programs (load modules) in the library.
Note: For more information about EXECUTE authority, see Using
EXECUTE access for programs and libraries in ENHANCED mode on
page 321.
Attention
Anyone who has READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, or ALTER authority
to a protected data set can create a copy of it. As owner of the
copied data set, that user has control of the security characteristics
of the copied data set and can downgrade it. For this reason, you
should assign a UACC of NONE, and then selectively permit a
small number of users to access your data set, as their needs
become known. (For information on how to permit selected users
or groups to access a data set, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Command Language Reference.)
READ
Allows users to access the data set for reading only. (Note that users
who can read the data set can copy or print it.)
UPDATE
Allows users to read from, copy from, or write to the data set. However,
UPDATE does not authorize a user to delete, rename, move, or scratch
the data set.
Allows users to perform normal VSAM I/O (not improved control interval
processing) to VSAM data sets.
CONTROL
For VSAM data sets, allows users to perform improved control interval
processing. This is control-interval access (access to individual VSAM
data blocks), and the ability to retrieve, update, insert, or delete records
in the specified data set.
For non-VSAM data sets, CONTROL is equivalent to UPDATE.
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Data Sets
Table 13. Access Authorities for DASD Data Sets (continued)
ALTER
Allows users to read, update, delete, rename, move, or scratch the data
set.
When specified in a discrete profile, ALTER allows users to read, alter,
and delete the profile itself including the access list.
Note: ALTER does not allow users to change the owner of the profile
using the ALTDSD command. However, if a user with ALTER access
authority to a discrete data set profile renames the data set, changing the
high-level qualifier to his or her own user ID, then both the data set and
the profile are renamed, and the OWNER of the profile is changed to the
new user ID.
When specified in a generic profile, ALTER gives users no authority over
the profile itself.
When specified in a generic profile, ALTER allows users to create new
data sets that are covered by that profile.
Suggestions for Assigning Access Authorities to DASD Data

Sets
When protecting catalogs, be sure that users and groups have a sufficient level of
access authority to each protected entity along the path to a data set that they are
required to access. For a discussion of the levels of RACF access authority
required to perform operations against catalogs, see z/OS DFSMS: Managing
Catalogs.
Erasing of Scratched (Deleted) DASD Data Sets

Installations can control the erasure of security-sensitive data set extents with the
ERASE operand (erase-on-scratch) on the SETROPTS command. If a DASD data
set profile has the erase indicator set, ERASE specifies that data management is to
erase (overwrite) the contents of any scratched or released data set extents that
are part of a DASD data set protected by that profile.
Users can set the erase indicator in both discrete and generic profiles by using the
ADDSD and ALTDSD commands. Users can specify erasure for both single volume
and multiple volume DASD data sets. However, to have the data set erased when
scratched, the installation must also activate erase-on-scratch with the SETROPTS
command.
The SETROPTS command has several options on the ERASE operand that allow
an installation to override user specifications. These erase-on-scratch options allow
an installation to:
v Specify that all DASD data set extents are always erased when scratched or
released, regardless of the erase indicator in the profile. (This includes temporary
data sets.) When this option is selected, installation exit routines cannot prevent
any data set from being erased by overriding this option.
v Specify a security level (SECLEVEL) at which all data sets at this security level
or higher are always erased when scratched or released, regardless of the erase
indicator in the profile.
v Specify that only data sets that have the erase indicator in their profiles are
erased when scratched or released.
v Specify that no data sets under RACF control are erased when scratched or
released.
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Data Sets
Notes:
1. RACF does not perform the actual erasure, but maintains an indicator for data
management.
2. If you have not specified that you want all data sets erased, you can still provide
for the erasing of sensitive temporary data sets by using the naming
conventions table or RACF exit routines to conditionally convert the temporary
data set names to the form of a permanent name that is covered by a profile
that specifies erase-on-scratch.
3. In addition to the RACF-controlled erasure, any VSAM data set with a catalog
entry that specifies erase is erased.
Protecting Catalogs
You can protect many catalog functions including catalog locking and SMS-related
functions, by creating profiles in the FACILITY class. For information on creating
these profiles and authorizing users to perform catalog operations on protected
catalogs, see the following publications:
v z/OS DFSMS: Managing Catalogs
v z/OS DFSMS Access Method Services for Catalogs
v z/OS DFSMS: Using Data Sets
Protecting DASD System Data Sets

When you are planning to RACF-protect system data sets, consider:
v The way in which the system uses the data set
v The way in which your users normally use the data set
v The level of protection you want for the data set
The system data sets can be divided into two categories: data sets for which RACF
protection is bypassed when the system accesses them, and data sets for which
RACF protection is enforced when the system accesses them.
Bypassed RACF Protection

For a data set of this type, RACF-protection is bypassed when the system accesses
the data set to perform its normal system function, but is enforced when a user
attempts to access the data set for normal data set operations.
For example, when the program libraries defined in LNKLSTxx are opened during
IPL, RACF protection is bypassed. A user can fetch any program stored in these
libraries during IPL, but if the user attempts to open one of the libraries, RACF
protection is enforced. Assuming SYS1.LINKLIB is defined in LNKLSTxx, it can be
RACF-protected giving UPDATE access authority to the system programmers who
maintain the data set. You can use UACC(NONE) if you do not want anyone other
than the system programmers to open the library. The UACC(NONE) specification
does not prevent any user from executing any program contained in SYS1.LINKLIB,
but it does prevent users from, for example, specifying SYS1.LINKLIB as part of
JOBLIB, STEPLIB, or on the TSO CALL command.
Examples of other system data sets that fall into this category are:
SYS1.CMDLIB
SYS1.DUMPnn
SYS1.LOGREC
SYS1.LPALIB
SYS1.MANn
SYS1.NUCLEUS
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Data Sets
SYS1.PARMLIB
SYS1.PROCLIB
SYS1.SVCLIB
System data sets that are frequently accessed by all users (for example,
SYS1.HELP and SYS1.MACLIB) are good candidates for inclusion in a global
access checking table.
Enforced RACF Protection

For a data set of this type, RACF protection is enforced when the system accesses
the data set for its normal system function on behalf of a specific user. When you
protect this type of data set, any user who requests the system function associated
with the data set must have a sufficient level of access authority to the data set for
the function to work correctly.
For example, when you RACF-protect the SYS1.HELP data set, you should give all
users READ access authority to the data set because all users need to be allowed
to read system help information. You can give READ access authority by placing
SYS1.HELP/READ in the global access checking table. The system programmers
who maintain the data set can be given ALTER access authority by way of a
discrete profile or a fully qualified generic profile.
Examples of other system data sets that fall into this category are:
v SYS1.MACLIB
v SYS1.PARMLIB
v SYS1.SAMPLIB
Note: SYS1.PARMLIB is in both lists of examples because there are some
system functions for which RACF protection is bypassed when accessing
SYS1.PARMLIB, and some for which it is enforced. For example, TCAS
requires access to SYS1.PARMLIB.
See Appendix E, Security for System Data Sets, on page 711 for guidelines about
setting appropriate UACC values for system data sets.
DASD Volume Authority

By defining profiles in the DASDVOL class, you can define DASD volumes to RACF
and authorize users to perform maintenance operations (such as dump, restore,
scratch, and rename) without having access to the data set profiles protecting the
data sets. (If a user does not have the necessary DASDVOL authority, he or she
must have the necessary authority in the DATASET class to each of the data sets
on the volume.)
The access authority that you give to a user depends on the product that the user
is using:
v If the user is using DFDSS (Data Facility Data Set Services), the access
authority required depends on the specific action that the user is requesting (for
example, DUMP with DELETE or DUMP without DELETE). For a complete
description of the access authorities required, see z/OS DFSMSdss Storage
Administration Reference.
v If the user is using the DADSM scratch function, ALTER access authority allows
the user to scratch data sets on the volume.
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Data Sets
Note: If a data set protected by a discrete profile is scratched, the discrete
profile is deleted, or, in the case of a multivolume data set, the volume
serial number is removed from the data set profile.
v If the user is using the Device Support Facilities (ICKDSF) program, ALTER
allows the user to rename DASD volumes.
v Other products can also check for authorization in the DASDVOL class.
v Exception: DASDVOL authority does not allow users to work with
SMS-managed volumes. Instead, you can either give the user the OPERATIONS
(or group-OPERATIONS) attribute or, if you have the necessary software, define
the user as a DFDSS-authorized storage administrator. For more information on
the latter alternative, see DFDSS-Authorized Storage Administration.
As an alternative to assigning the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS attribute,
DASDVOL authority allows you to authorize operations personnel to access only
those volumes that they must maintain. Using DASDVOL authority is also more
efficient for functions such as volume dumping, because only one authorization
check for the volume needs to be issued, instead of individual requests for each
data set on the volume. For a description of the OPERATIONS attribute, see The
OPERATIONS Attribute on page 75.
If the volume serials do not readily allow the use of * or % as generic characters in
DASDVOL profile names, consider creating profiles in the GDASDVOL class. See
Creating Resource Group Profiles on page 221.
DFDSS-Authorized Storage Administration

Operations personnel must routinely perform maintenance operations such as
copying, reorganizing, cataloging, and scratching data. To perform these operations
on RACF-protected resources, they need RACF authorization. Two methods of
providing this authorization are:
v Giving the user the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS attribute
v Defining profiles for volumes in the DASDVOL class and authorizing the user to
access the volumes
Both of these methods have certain drawbacks. For example, the OPERATIONS or
group-OPERATIONS attribute may give the user more authority to look at individual
data sets than you would like. Defining DASDVOL profiles may require more
administrative overhead than you would like and, in addition, does not allow a user
to work with SMS-managed volumes.
If you have DFDSS or DFSMS/MVS, there is a third method you can use. You can
define special FACILITY-class profiles that let a user act as a DFDSS-authorized
storage administrator. Once the profiles and permissions are set up, the user
obtains authorization to the required volumes by specifying the ADMINISTRATOR
option on the appropriate DFDSS command.
DFDSS-authorized storage administration is more flexible and requires less
administrative work to maintain. For complete details on how to set up and use the
support, see z/OS DFSMSdss Storage Administration Reference.
Protecting Data on Tape

This section gives detailed information that applies to tape data sets and tape
volumes. You should already be familiar with the information in Protecting Data
Sets on page 150, which applies to both DASD and tape data sets.
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Data Sets
RACF allows you to establish access requirements for both tape data sets and tape
volumes. To protect data on tape, you can do either or both of the following:
v Control access to the tape volume by issuing SETROPTS
CLASSACT(TAPEVOL).
The TAPEVOL class is not active when RACF is first installed.
v Control access to individual tape data sets on the tape volume by issuing
SETROPTS TAPEDSN.
NOTAPEDSN is in effect when RACF is first installed.
Choosing Which Tape-Related Options to Use

The following sections list considerations for each combination of tape volume
(TAPEVOL) and tape data set (TAPEDSN) protection.
Tape Data Set and Tape Volume Protection (TAPEDSN Active and
TAPEVOL Active)
v Using the ADDSD command for a tape data set results in two discrete profiles:
an automatic tape volume profile that contains a tape volume table of contents
(TVTOC) and a tape data set profile. This means that RACF provides:
Checking of the RACF security retention period (the number of days that must
elapse before the data set can be deleted or overwritten).
Verification for the full 44-character data set names.
Protection for multiple data sets on a volume if all of the data sets have the
same access requirements.
Multivolume data set protection.
RACF protection for the volume.
Automatic deletion of the data set and tape volume profiles when the data set
or tape volume is overwritten and discrete protection for the data set has
expired.
Normally, you use the SET operand (which is the default) on the ADDSD
command. If the tape volume and data set profiles get out of synchronization
(that is, if the tape volume profile refers to a data set profile that does not
exist or vice versa), use either the NOSET or SETONLY operand. Use
NOSET if you have a data set profile but no tape volume profile. Use
SETONLY if you have a tape volume profile but no data set profile.
Having ADSP or specifying PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD statement also
results in two discrete profiles, just as the ADDSD command does.
Data management calls RACF in the DATASET class.
For tapes being opened for input, data management issues a RACROUTE
REQUEST=AUTH, CLASS=DATASET, DSTYPE=T macro. For tapes being
opened for output, data management issues a RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE,
CLASS=DATASET, DSTYPE=T macro.
RACF authorizes access to protected tape data sets through RACF authorization
checking. RACF bypasses any tape data set password protection. If the tape
data set is not RACF-protected or the tape protection option is not active, data
management authorizes access to tape data sets by password protection.
Note: If you have a tape management system, you might find that the RACF
TVTOC provides some of the same information that the tape management
system provides. Therefore, to avoid duplication of information, you might
consider running your system with TAPEVOL inactive and TAPEDSN
active as described in the following section.
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Data Sets
Tape Data Set Protection (TAPEDSN Active and TAPEVOL

Inactive)
v Tape volumes have no RACF protection.
v Using the ADDSD command with the TAPE operand gives only a profile in the
DATASET class; there is no tape volume profile or TVTOC. This means:
No checking of the RACF security retention period (the number of days that
must elapse before the data set can be deleted or overwritten)
No RACF integrity for full 44-character data set names
No RACF protection for multiple data sets on a volume
Many installations use their own tape library management systems, which often
provide the preceding functions. When RACF tape data set protection is active
and the TAPEVOL class is inactive, installations must depend on the tape
management system for the preceding functions. In this situation, installations
must carefully maintain the integrity and security of their tape management
systems, because RACF tape data set security depends on the integrity and
security of the tape management system.
v Data management calls RACF in the DATASET class.
If you do not have a tape management system, your tape data set protection has
no integrity when TAPEVOL is inactive. Your data sets may appear to have
protection, but RACF cannot verify that the full data set name is correct.
With TAPEDSN active and TAPEVOL inactive, data management still uses
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH when tapes are opened for input, and RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE when tapes are opened for output. However, RACF does not
use the TVTOC during its processing, but assumes that information such as data
set name, file (data set) sequence number, and tape volume label are correct.
Tape Volume Protection (TAPEVOL Active and TAPEDSN

Inactive)
A tape volume is RACF-protected when it is explicitly defined to RACF for
protection. Tape volumes are defined to RACF by (1) an authorized user issuing the
RDEFINE command without the TVTOC operand, or (2) RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE when the TAPEVOL class is active and the PROTECT
parameter is specified on a JCL DD statement or during EOV processing.
RACF authorizes access to protected tape volumes through RACF authorization
checking. RACF bypasses any tape data set password protection. If the tape
volume is not RACF-protected, or the SETROPTS TAPEDSN option is not active,
data management authorizes access to tape data sets by password protection.
If RACF authorizes a user to access an explicitly defined tape volume, the user has
access to all of the tape data sets on the volume. Therefore, you should only place
tape data sets that have similar RACF authorization requirements on the same
volume.
v You can protect tapes only by volume, by using discrete tape volume profiles
(PROTECT=YES or the RDEFINE command). However, you can specify
PROTECT=YES for multiple data sets on the same volume (the profile is
reused).
v Using the ADDSD command for a tape data set results in an error message.
v Data management calls RACF in the TAPEVOL class.
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Data Sets
No Tape Volume or Tape Data Set Protection (TAPEVOL Inactive

and TAPEDSN Inactive)
v You have no RACF protection for data on tape, either by volume or by data set.
v Using the ADDSD command for a tape data set results in an error message.
However, you can use the RDEFINE, RALTER, RDELETE, and RLIST
commands for tape volume profiles, which provide protection if TAPEVOL or
TAPEDSN are activated.
v Data management does not call RACF.
Protecting Existing Data on Tape (SETROPTS TAPEDSN in Effect)

To protect an existing data set on a tape volume, issue the ADDSD command with
the TAPE operand. (This requires that the TAPEDSN option be in effect.) If the data
set is cataloged, you need to specify only the data set name.
The following example shows how to protect a cataloged tape data set named
USER01.TEST.DATA:
ADDSD USER01.TEST.DATA TAPE
If the cataloged tape data set resides on more than one volume (a multivolume tape
data set), RACF uses the data set name specified on the ADDSD command and
the information supplied in the catalog to protect the data set on all of the volumes
on which it resides.
To protect an existing tape data set that is uncataloged, issue the ADDSD
command with the TAPE operand and specify:
v The data set name
v The tape volume on which the data set resides
v The unit name
v The file sequence number of the data set on the tape
For example, suppose you want to protect an uncataloged tape data set named
USER03.TEST.DATA with a discrete RACF profile. The data set resides on a tape
volume labeled 123456 and has a file sequence of 1. To protect this data set, enter:
ADDSD USER03.TEST.DATA TAPE UNIT(TAPE) VOLUME(123456) FILESEQ(1)
From this information, RACF builds a discrete profile for both the data set and the
tape volume. When you issue the ADDSD command to protect an existing tape
data set, RACF creates an automatic tape volume profile. For more information, see
Tape Volume Profiles That Contain a TVTOC on page 182.
Note that when you issue the ADDSD command to RACF-protect an uncataloged
tape data set, you protect that data set only on the volume that you specify.
If you have an uncataloged tape data set that resides on more than one volume,
you can RACF-protect this data set with a discrete profile using several commands.
For example, suppose you want to RACF-protect a tape data set named
USER02.TEST.DATA that resides on volumes 111111 and 222222.
1. To protect that portion of the data set residing on volume 111111, issue the
ADDSD command:
ADDSD USER02.TEST.DATA TAPE UNIT(TAPE) VOLUME(111111) FILESEQ(1)
2. To protect that portion of the data set residing on volume 222222, issue the
ALTDSD command with the ADDVOL operand as follows:
ALTDSD USER02.TEST.DATA ADDVOL(222222)
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Data Sets
Notes:
a. You can protect only one volume at a time with the ALTDSD command and
the ADDVOL operand. If your data set resides on more than two volumes,
issue the ALTDSD command and specify the appropriate volume on the
ADDVOL operand for each additional volume. For a tape data set with an
entry in the TVTOC, the maximum number of volumes the data set can span
is 42.
b. Before you can use the ALTDSD command to protect a portion of a
multivolume data set, at least one other portion of that data set must already
be RACF-protected.
c. RACF ignores this command if you specify a generic profile name for the
data set.
Protecting New Data on Tape

Your installation can provide RACF protection for new tape data sets by using one
or more of the following methods.
v A user can specify PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD statement when creating a
new tape data set.
RACF builds a discrete profile for the newly created data set and the tape
volume on which the data set resides (unless the tape volume is already defined
with the TVTOC option).
When TAPEDSN and TAPEVOL are both active, a discrete data set profile is
defined. If the tape volume profile already exists, the TVTOC is updated. If the
tape volume profile does not already exist, RACF defines an automatic tape
volume profile with a TVTOC.
When TAPEDSN is not active and TAPEVOL is active, a discrete TAPEVOL
profile is defined.
v You can assign the ADSP attribute to a user and issue the SETROPTS ADSP
command.
When the user creates a new tape data set, RACF automatically builds a
discrete profile for the data set as well as the tape volume on which the data set
resides (unless the tape volume is already defined with the TVTOC option).
Protecting Tape Volumes

This section describes how to RACF-protect tape volumes using the RDEFINE
command with or without the TVTOC operand.
You can provide RACF protection for tape data sets by creating tape volume
profiles that protect the tape volumes on which the data sets reside.
Defining Tape Volumes With a TVTOC: To provide protection for tape data sets,
you (or an assigned administrator) can predefine individual tape volumes to RACF
using the RDEFINE command with the TAPEVOL class and TVTOC operand. Tape
volumes defined with the RDEFINE command and TVTOC operand are called
scratch pool volumes.
When RACF processes the RDEFINE command with the TVTOC operand, it places
the user ID of the command issuer in the access list of the volume with ALTER
authority. A scratch pool volume can be used by any RACF-defined user for output
(for writing). When the first user writes a data set to a scratch pool volume, RACF
places the user ID of that user in the access list of the volume with ALTER
authority. After RACF creates the volumes access list, only the command issuer,
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Data Sets
the first user of the volume, and any users added to the access list with UPDATE
authority can write additional data sets to the volume.
For example, to define a tape volume labeled TX0050 with the attribute that it can
hold a TVTOC and assign it a UACC of NONE, enter:
RDEFINE TAPEVOL TX0050 TVTOC UACC(NONE)
After you define a tape volume with a TVTOC, you can use generic profiles to
protect data sets that reside on that volume. To define a generic profile for data
sets, use the ADDSD command and specify the profile name.
The following example shows how to define the generic profile USER03.*.
ADDSD USER03.*
Notes:
1. The user ID of the issuer of RDEFINE is placed automatically on the access list
with ALTER only if SETROPTS ADDCREATOR is in effect.
2. The TAPEVOL class must be active for the RDEFINE command to succeed. For
more information, see Activating Tape Volume Protection
(CLASSACT(TAPEVOL) Option) on page 124.
3. The TVTOC operand applies only to discrete tape volume profiles.
4. When you issue the RDEFINE command with the TVTOC operand, you create a
nonautomatic tape volume profile. For more information, see Tape Volume
Profiles That Contain a TVTOC on page 182.
5. When you issue the ADDSD command, you can predefine a generic data set
profile, or define a generic profile after the data set and TVTOC entry have been
created. You can also use existing generic profiles that were created to protect
DASD data sets. If you are using generic data set profiles for tape data sets,
you should specify a retention period in those profiles because the SETROPTS
retention period is not used.
6. The access authorities that apply to tape volume profiles are as follows:
NONE
Allows no access to data on the tape volume.
READ
Allows users to read from the tape volume.
UPDATE
Allows users to read from the tape volume, and to write

additional data sets to the volume.
CONTROL
Is equivalent to UPDATE.
ALTER
Allows users to read from the tape volume, to write additional

data sets to the volume, and to create or destroy tape volume
labels through OPEN or end-of-volume operations. For discrete
tape volume profiles, allows users to change the profile,
including the access list.
Authorizing Access to a Data Set on a Tape Volume with a TVTOC: RACF

maintains an entry in the TVTOC for each data set that a user writes to a scratch
pool volume. The data set can be:
v Protected by a discrete profile, an appropriate generic profile, or both
v Not protected by any profile
When a user requests access to a data set on the tape volume, RACF performs
access checking as follows:
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Data Sets
1. RACF checks the users authority to the volume on which the data set resides.
If the user has sufficient authority to the volume, RACF grants access to the
data set. If the user does not have sufficient authority to the volume, access
checking proceeds with Step 2.
2. RACF checks to see if the data set is RACF-indicated. (For more information on
RACF-indicated data sets, see Protection Through Discrete Profiles on page
155.) If the data set is RACF-indicated, access checking proceeds with Step 3.
If the data set is RACF-indicated, RACF checks for a discrete profile that
protects the data set. If RACF finds a discrete profile and the user has sufficient
authority to the data set, RACF grants access. If the user does not have
sufficient authority to the data set, RACF denies access. If RACF does not find
a discrete profile, access checking proceeds with Step 3.
3. If the data set is RACF-indicated but RACF does not find a discrete profile,
RACF searches for an appropriate generic profile. If RACF finds a generic
profile, RACF grants or denies access based on the users authority. If RACF
does not find a generic profile, RACF fails the request.
4. If the data set is not RACF-indicated, RACF searches for an appropriate generic
profile that protects the data set. If RACF finds a generic profile and the user
has sufficient authority to access the data set, RACF grants the request. If the
user does not have sufficient authority to access the data set, RACF fails the
request.
If RACF does not find a generic profile, the data set is not RACF-protected and,
therefore, any user can access the data set.
Defining Tape Volumes Without a TVTOC: You can also define tape volumes
without using the TVTOC operand. When you define a tape volume in this manner,
RACF does not maintain a TVTOC to control access to data sets on the volume.
Instead, RACF controls access to data sets on the tape volume using only the
access list in the volumes profile. Users with at least READ authority to the volume
can read any data on the tape. Users with at least UPDATE authority to the volume
can write data on the tape.
The following sequence of commands shows how to define a tape volume without a
TVTOC and how to control access to the data sets on that volume.
1. To define and protect a tape volume, issue the RDEFINE command with the
appropriate operands and assign a UACC of NONE to the volume.
RDEFINE TAPEVOL profile-name UACC(NONE)
For example, to define a tape volume labeled 123456 and assign it a UACC of
NONE, issue the following command:
RDEFINE TAPEVOL 123456 UACC(NONE)
The RDEFINE command adds a profile for the tape volume to the RACF
database.
2. To allow a user access to the volume for the purpose of creating data sets,
issue the PERMIT command with the appropriate operands and give the user
UPDATE access authority. For tape volume 123456, enter the command as
follows:
PERMIT 123456 CLASS(TAPEVOL)
ID(userid or groupname) ACCESS(UPDATE)
UPDATE access authority allows a user to read and write data sets to the tape
volume. You should not assign ALTER access authority to a general user
because ALTER allows a user to overwrite the tape label.
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Data Sets
3. If other users wish to access the data on the tape volume, issue the PERMIT
command with the appropriate operands and access authority. For example, to
give another user READ access authority to tape volume 123456, issue the
following command:
PERMIT 123456 CLASS(TAPEVOL) ID(userid or groupname) ACCESS(READ)
Note that a user must have sufficient authority to issue the PERMIT command.
Because you gave the user who requested the tape volume UPDATE access
authority, that user does not have sufficient authority to allow other users to
access the tape volume.
4. When a user has finished working with the tape volume, issue the PERMIT
command and specify the RESET(ALL) operand. RESET(ALL) deletes the
entire current standard and conditional access lists from the tape volumes
profile. For tape volume 123456, enter the command as follows:
PERMIT 123456 CLASS(TAPEVOL) RESET(ALL)
If you delete only the access lists from a tape volume profile, you retain RACF
protection for data on the volume. (In this case, no users can access the data.)
If you delete the tape volume profile itself, you have no RACF protection for
data on the volume. (Any user can access the data.)
Security Levels and Security Categories for Tapes

As an option, you can add security level and security category protection to the
tape volumes profile. To achieve this additional protection, use the RALTER
command with the appropriate operands.
For example, to add a security level of CONFIDENTIAL and security categories of
PLANNING and STATUS to the profile of tape volume 123456, enter:
RALTER TAPEVOL 123456 SECLEVEL(CONFIDENTIAL)
ADDCATEGORY(PLANNING, STATUS)
When a user creates data sets on tape volume 123456, the user should ensure that
each data set has the same security level and security categories as specified on
the RALTER command.
To delete the security level and all of the security categories from the volumes
profile (for example, when a user has finished working with a tape volume), issue
the RALTER command with the NOSECLEVEL and DELCATEGORY(*) operands.
For tape volume 123456, enter the command as follows:
RALTER TAPEVOL 123456 NOSECLEVEL DELCATEGORY(*)
Security Labels for Tapes

To add a security label of LABEL1 to the profile of tape volume 123456, enter:
RALTER TAPEVOL 123456 SECLABEL(LABEL1)
When a user creates data sets on tape volume 123456, the user should ensure that
each data set has the same security label (LABEL1) as was specified on the
RALTER command that defined the tape volume.
Note: When the SECLABEL class is active, and both the SETROPTS
MLS(FAILURES) and SETROPTS MLACTIVE options are in effect, the
security label of the tape volume profile is used for all data sets on the
volume. For tape volume profiles without TVTOCs, the security label is
assigned when the tape volume profile is defined. Tape volume profiles with
TVTOCs are assigned a security label when the first data set is written to the
tape.
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Data Sets
To delete the security label from the volumes profile (for example, when a user has
finished working with a tape volume), issue the RALTER command rather than the
RDELETE command with the NOSECLABEL operand. For tape volume 123456,
enter the command as follows:
RALTER TAPEVOL 123456 NOSECLABEL
Tape Volume Profiles That Contain a TVTOC

If tape data set protection and the TAPEVOL class are both active, RACF creates
and maintains a tape volume table of contents (TVTOC) that is part of the tape
volume profile in the RACF database. The following section describes the TVTOC.
Tape Volume Table of Contents (TVTOC)

RACF creates and maintains the TVTOC for tape volumes that:
v Are defined using the RDEFINE command with the TVTOC operand
v Contain tape data sets protected by using the ADDSD command
v Contain tape data sets protected by specifying PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD
statement
v Contain tape data sets created by a RACF-defined user who has the ADSP
attribute
The TVTOC contains the following information:
v The number of data sets on the volume
v The full 44-character name used when creating the data set (from the DSN
operand of the JCL DD statement)
v The volume serial number of each volume on which the data set resides (from
the VOL operand of the DD statement)
v The file (data set) sequence number (from the LABEL operand of the JCL DD
statement)
v The RACF internal data set name (from the naming conventions table or an
installation exit routine)
v The data set creation date
v For each data set on the volume, an indicator that is set if the data set is
protected by a discrete profile
You can list the information in the TVTOC of a tape volume profile by using the
RLIST command. For more information, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference.
RACF makes entries in the TVTOC when a user:
v Opens a new data set on a predefined tape volume, or
v RACF-protects a new or existing tape data set
RACF then uses the information during access checking.
Notes:
1. The maximum number of entries for data sets that a TVTOC can contain is 500.
Attention
Processing that creates large numbers of TVTOC entries and large access
lists, for example, could result in an attempt to exceed the maximum
profile size.
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Data Sets
2. The maximum number of volumes that any data set on the tape with an entry in
the TVTOC can span is 42.
3. The maximum number of volumes that any data set on tape without a TVTOC
can span is limited only by the maximum profile size.
When both TAPEDSN and TAPEVOL are active, RACF can create two different
types of TVTOC profiles:
v An automatic TVTOC tape volume profile
v A nonautomatic TVTOC tape volume profile
v The NOSET option on the DELDSD command can be used to remove a discrete
tape data set profile without deleting the tape volume profile. For more
information, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
The sections that follow describe these profiles.
Automatic TVTOC Tape Volume Profiles

RACF creates an automatic TVTOC tape volume profile when one of the following
occurs:
v A RACF-defined user has the ADSP attribute and creates a tape data set on a
non-RACF-defined tape volume.
v A RACF-defined user creates a tape data set on a non-RACF-defined tape
volume by specifying PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD statement.
v A RACF-defined user protects an existing tape data set on a non-RACF-defined
tape volume using the ADDSD command with the appropriate operands.
When RACF creates an automatic tape volume profile, RACF does not use
modeling, except possibly for the owner field as specified below. The tape volume
profile that RACF creates contains the following fields:
v OwnerThe user ID creating the profile, unless a different owner is specified by
REQUEST=DEFINE or an ADDSD command, or a discrete data set profile is
being created and the model profile specifies an owner
v Universal access authority (UACC)
v Access listThe creating user ID with ALTER authority
v Audit criteriaFAILURES(READ)
v RESFLGIndicates the profile is automatic
v TVTOCThe tape volume table of contents
You can change any of these fields by using the RALTER or PERMIT command.
(The most likely change is adding other users to the access list so that they can
define data sets on the tape volume.)
When the security retention periods for all data sets on a volume that is protected
by an automatic tape volume profile have expired and a user uses the volume for
output, RACF deletes the volumes profile. When a user creates a new data set on
such a tape volume and specifies PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD statement or has
the ADSP attribute, RACF creates a new discrete tape volume profile with a TVTOC
and generates a discrete profile for the data set. If the user does not specify
PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD statement or have the ADSP attribute, RACF does
not create new profiles for the volume or the data set. Therefore, the volume and
any data sets on it are no longer RACF-protected and any user can read or write
data on the volume.
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Data Sets
Nonautomatic Tape Volume Profiles

RACF creates a nonautomatic tape volume profile when:
v A user predefines a tape volume using the RDEFINE command with the TVTOC
operand, or
v A user modifies an automatic tape volume profile with the ALTDSD or PERMIT
command
When the security retention periods for all data sets on a volume that is protected
by a nonautomatic tape volume profile expire, RACF does not delete the volumes
profile. However, the volume that is protected by the profile can be reused. As users
write new data sets to the volume, RACF updates the volumes TVTOC to reflect
the addition of new data sets even if the data sets are not RACF-protected.
Predefining Tape Volume Profiles for Tape Data Sets

Rather than defining individual tape volumes for use by specific users, installations
can predefine scratch pool volumes with tape volume profiles for use by any user.
An installation tape librarian can predefine tape volume profiles to RACF by using
the RDEFINE command with the TVTOC operand and optionally, the SINGLEDSN
operand. The TVTOC operand indicates that RACF creates a TVTOC the first time
the tape is opened for output. The SINGLEDSN operand indicates that the tape
volume can contain only one data set.
Predefining tape volumes when TAPEVOL and TAPEDSN are both active has the
following advantages:
v To get a tape volume profile with a TVTOC, users do not have to have ADSP,
use PROTECT=YES in the JCL, or manually define tape data sets with the
ADDSD command.
v It is easier for users to use generic profiles for tape data sets. (If a user creates a
tape data set and the user has ADSP or specifies PROTECT=YES, RACF
always creates a discrete profile for the tape data set.)
To predefine tape volumes, the installation tape librarian selects new or newly
degaussed tape volumes in the scratch pool for use with RACF tape data set
protection. The librarian defines these tape volumes to RACF with a nonautomatic
discrete profile by using the RDEFINE command and the TVTOC operand. (If you
do not specify the TVTOC operand, the default is NOTVTOC.) RACF puts the user
ID of the person who defines the tape volume (presumably the tape librarian) in the
access list with ALTER authority. This action gives the librarian complete control
over the profile and the tape volume. RACF puts the user ID in the access list with
ALTER authority only if SETROPTS ADDCREATOR is in effect. If SETROPTS
NOADDCREATOR is in effect, the tape librarian needs to ensure that they are the
owner of the profile and should issue the PERMIT command to give themselves
ALTER authority if they need to have complete control over the profile and the tape
volume.
When the first user creates a tape data set on a predefined tape volume, RACF
builds a TVTOC in the tape volume profile and places the user ID of this person in
the access list with ALTER authority. If the volume is defined with the SINGLEDSN
operand, no one can write additional data sets on the volume. If the volume is not
defined with the single-data-set option, only this user (and the tape librarian) can
add additional data sets to the volume without further authorization. Other users can
add data sets to the volume only if they have been placed in the volumes access
list with at least UPDATE authority.
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Data Sets
When the tape librarian needs more tape volumes for the scratch pool, the librarian
can issue the SEARCH command with the EXPIRES operand to find tape volumes
for which the security retention period for all of the data sets is expired (or close to
expiring). The librarian can then use the RDELETE and RDEFINE commands to
redefine these tape volumes.
Unlike DASD data sets, tape data sets are not deleted. A tape data set exists until it
is overwritten by another program or by a utility such as IEHINITT. Specifying
DISP=DELETE for a tape data set only causes the data set to be uncataloged if it
was cataloged. DISP=DELETE does not remove RACF protection from the data set
or delete the data on the tape volume.
RACF Security Retention Period Processing (TAPEDSN Must Be

Active)
Before RACF allows a user to write to a tape that is protected by a tape volume
profile containing a TVTOC, RACF checks whether the security protection for the
current data on the tape volume has expired. To determine whether the RACF
security retention period has expired, RACF uses one of the following:
v The RACF security retention period stored in the data set profile (specified using
the RETPD operand on the ADDSD or ALTDSD command)
v If the data set profile does not contain a security retention period, one of the
following:
For discrete profiles, RACF uses the creation date stored in the TVTOC and
the default security retention period established by your installation using the
RETPD operand on the SETROPTS command.
For generic profiles, RACF uses a zero value. This results in the data set
being expired. For generic profiles, the default security retention period is not
checked. Therefore, you must ensure that all generic profiles that protect tape
data sets include a retention period. (Make sure to specify the RETPD
operand on the ADDSD command for generic profiles.)
If a user wishes to overwrite an existing tape data set with a data set having a
different name before the existing data sets RACF security retention period has
expired, the user must do one of the following:
v Explicitly delete the data set profile using the DELDSD or RDELETE command
v Have at least UPDATE authority to the volume
If the user has sufficient authority to a tape volume or tape data set, the user can
overwrite an existing data set using one of the following:
v The same data set name
v A data set name defined to RACF to which the user has authority
v A data set name not defined to RACF
If the RACF security retention period for an existing tape data set has not expired
and the user does not have sufficient authority to overwrite it, RACF issues a
message indicating that the user does not have sufficient authority to the volume or
data set.
When a user specifies PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD statement, RACF updates
the TVTOC to reflect the creation of the new data set. RACF also generates a
discrete profile to protect the new data set and deletes any existing discrete profile
that protected the overwritten data set.
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Data Sets
A user can specify the security retention period for a tape data set by one of the
following methods:
v For a data set protected by either a discrete or generic profile, by using the
RETPD operand on the ADDSD or ALTDSD command
v For a data set protected by a discrete profile, by specifying the EXPDT or
RETPD operand on the JCL DD statement
For discrete profiles, if a user does not specify a security retention period for a tape
data set, the retention period can be provided by one of the following:
v Profile modeling
v An installation exit routine
v A system-wide default set by the RETPD operand on the SETROPTS command
For generic profiles that protect tape data sets, the user must assign a security
retention period to the profile by specifying the RETPD operand on the ADDSD or
ALTDSD command. (If the security retention period is omitted, a zero value is used
and the profile is treated as if it expired.)
When RACF is installed, the default security retention period is RETPD(0). If your
installation specifies a different default security retention period for tape data sets,
RACF uses the specified value in any of the following situations:
v When a user specifies RETPD=0 on the JCL DD statement
v When a user specifies EXPDT=current-date on the JCL DD statement
v When a user does not specify the EXPDT/RETPD JCL operands
Note: The RACF security retention period is independent of the data set retention
period specified by the EXPDT/RETPD JCL operand. However, the two
retention periods are initially the same if the user who creates the data set
has ADSP or specifies PROTECT=YES on the JCL DD statement. You can
modify the security retention period in the data set profile by using the
ALTDSD command.
If a tape volume contains more than one data set, RACF protects each data set
independently. RACF achieves this protection by not allowing users with UPDATE
authority to one or more of the data sets to rewrite any data set until one of the
following occurs:
v The profiles for all of the data sets that sequentially follow that data set on the
tape volume have been deleted.
v The security retention periods for all of the data sets that sequentially follow that
data set on the tape volume have expired.
Note, however, that users who have at least UPDATE authority to the volume can
write to the volume unconditionally.
In response to RDELETE or DELDSD commands, RACF deletes tape volume
profiles and the discrete tape data set profiles for all data sets residing on tapes
when all of the data sets that the TVTOC points to have expired. For generation
data groups (GDGs), RACF does not automatically delete RACF protection of the
volumes containing the oldest generation when a new generation is defined.
Because residual data remains on a tape volume even after the security retention
period of the RACF profiles has expired, installations should consider degaussing
tape volumes on which all of the data sets have an expired security retention
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Data Sets
period. The librarian can then redefine these tape volumes to RACF using the
RDEFINE command with the TVTOC operand and, thereby, reenter the volumes
into the common scratch pool.
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When Both TAPEVOL

and TAPEDSN Are Active
When TAPEVOL is active, users with ALTER authority to a tape volume have full
control over the volume profile, including the volumes access list. ALTER authority
gives the user the ability to create and delete data sets on the volume and rewrite
the tape volume label.
To open a RACF-protected tape data set for input (for reading), the user must
have at least READ authority to the data set or the volume. When a
RACF-protected volume is opened for input and the user does not have the
authority necessary to write to the data set, a message may be issued to the
system operator to remove the write-enable ring (file protect ring). (The authority
necessary to open a RACF-protected tape data set for output is described below.)
For more information, see IEC.TAPERING Profile in the FACILITY Class on page
188.
To open a RACF-protected tape data set for output (for writing), the user must
have UPDATE authority to the tape volume, or the following authority:
v To rewrite or add to a data set without changing the data set name, the user
requires UPDATE authority to the data set. If the data set is not the last data set
on the tape volume, all of the subsequent data sets must have passed their
security retention periods or be explicitly deleted using the DELDSD or
RDELETE command.
v To overwrite an existing data set on a tape with a data set of a different
name, the security retention periods for the data set and any subsequent data
sets must have expired. The user must also have authority to create a data set
with the specified name (the authority checks are the same as for DASD data
sets).
v To add a new data set to the end of a tape, the user requires UPDATE
authority to the tape volume, and the volume profile must allow more than a
single data set. The user must also have authority to create a data set with the
specified name (the authority checks are the same as for DASD data sets).
Note: If a data set is in the TVTOC of a tape volume profile, but is not covered by
a discrete profile, a generic profile, or an entry in the global access checking
table, the data is not RACF-protected.
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When TAPEVOL Is

Inactive and TAPEDSN Is Active
To open a RACF-protected tape data set for input (for reading), the user must
have at least READ authority to the data set. When a RACF-protected tape data set
is opened for input and the user does not have the authority necessary to write to
the data set, a message may be issued to the system operator to remove the
write-enable ring (file protect ring). (The authority necessary to open a
RACF-protected tape data set for output is described below.) For more information,
see IEC.TAPERING Profile in the FACILITY Class on page 188.
To open an existing RACF-protected tape data set for output (for writing), the
user must have at least UPDATE authority to the data set. To create a new tape
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Data Sets
data set for output or, to catalog an existing tape data set after opening it for output,
the user must have ALTER authority to the data set.
Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When TAPEVOL Is

Active and TAPEDSN Is Inactive
When TAPEVOL is active, users with ALTER authority to a tape volume have full
control over the volume profile, including the volumes access list. ALTER authority
gives the user the ability to create and delete data sets on the volume and to
rewrite the tape volume label.
To open a tape data set on a RACF-protected tape volume for input (for
reading), the user must have at least READ authority to the tape volume. When a
data set on a RACF-protected tape volume is opened for input and the user does
not have the authority necessary to write to the data set, a message may be issued
to the system operator to remove the write-enable ring (file protect ring). (The
authority necessary to open a tape data set on a RACF-protected volume for output
is described below.) For more information, see IEC.TAPERING Profile in the
FACILITY Class.
To open a tape data set on a RACF-protected tape volume for output (for
writing), the user must have at least UPDATE authority to the volume.
JCL Changes
To protect tape data sets, installations should provide generic profiles or code
PROTECT=YES (when TAPEVOL is active) for each data set that requires
protection. Data management allows you to specify PROTECT=YES for each data
set on a tape volume.
Installations with HSM

The hierarchical storage manager (HSM) works with the volume level of protection,
so HSM tape volume profiles should not contain a TVTOC.
Because a TAPEVOL profile can span a maximum of 10,000 tape volumes, HSM
includes a way to extend its pool of backup and migration tape volumes. To take
advantage of this extension method, add the DFHSM profile to the HSMHSM profile
in the TAPEVOL class.
IEC.TAPERING Profile in the FACILITY Class

Depending on the release of DFSMS/MVS, the type of tape drive, and any tape
management system that are installed on your system, you can allow users to open
tape data sets for input without removing the write-enable ring (or equivalent) by
creating a profile to protect a resource called IEC.TAPERING in the FACILITY class
and allowing users to have READ access authority to this resource.
Attention
You should only allow access to the IEC.TAPERING resource for users who
can be trusted not to abuse the authority to write to tapes they are allowed to
read.
For IBM 3490 tape drives and for IBM 3480 tape drives with the IDRC feature,
this profile is not checked. Instead, the tape device cannot use WRITE
operations when the user has only READ authority.
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Data Sets
See the following example for setting up an IEC.TAPERING profile:
1. Create a profile to protect the IEC.TAPERING resource:
RDEFINE FACILITY IEC.TAPERING UACC(NONE)
Note: If you wish to allow this for all users on your system, specify
UACC(READ) and omit the following PERMIT command.
2. Permit users or groups, as appropriate:
PERMIT IEC.TAPERING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(userid or groupname)
ACCESS(READ)
For more information, see z/OS DFSMS: Using Magnetic Tapes.
Password-Protected Tape Data Sets

Your installation can provide password protection to data sets that reside on tape
volumes. When you define a tape volume to RACF using the RDEFINE command,
data management does not verify password protection when a user requests
access to a data set residing on this tape volume.
When you define a tape volume to RACF through ADSP or PROTECT=YES in the
JCL statement, the user or operator must supply the correct password for the
password-protected tape data set on the volume.
Passwords should be maintained for tape data sets on RACF-protected tape
volumes if they are to be used (1) on systems that do not have RACF installed or
(2) on RACF systems where tape protection might not be active.
To maintain passwords for tape data sets, password information can be specified on
the LABEL operand along with the PROTECT parameter on the same JCL DD
statement. Also, the password indicators in tape header and trailer labels are set for
RACF-protected tape volumes based on password information specified on the
LABEL operand. All password-protected data sets on a RACF-protected tape
volume must have the same level of password protection.
Protection
To define a tape data set or a tape volume to RACF for protection by a discrete
profile, specify the PROTECT parameter on the JCL DD statement that identifies a
tape data set on the volume. If generic profile checking is active, do not use the
PROTECT parameter unless a discrete profile is required for the data set. If the
data set is also password-protected, the password must be supplied before the tape
volume is RACF-protected.
Multivolume Tape Data Sets

When a multivolume tape data set is opened for input, RACF performs authorization
checking for those volumes that are RACF-protected.
When a multivolume tape data set is opened for output, and the first volume is
RACF-protected, all succeeding volumes are RACF-protected as part of the same
volume set.
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Data Sets
When attempting to effect changes to multivolume tape data sets, use the RALTER
command rather than the RDELETE command. If the resource you specify is a
member of a tape volume set, RACF deletes the definitions for all of the volumes in
the set.
A single profile is maintained in the RACF database for a tape volume set. Thus all
volumes in the volume set share the same access list and the same statistics and
auditing options. (For additional information on protecting multivolume tape data
sets, see Protecting Existing Data on Tape (SETROPTS TAPEDSN in Effect) on
page 177.)
RACF Authorization of Bypass Label Processing (BLP)

At system initialization and JES initialization, an installation can specify whether the
system supports bypass label processing (BLP).
If your system does not support BLP processing, the system converts all BLP
requests to requests for nonlabeled tapes. If a labeled tape is mounted to satisfy
this specification, RACF performs authorization checking and, if the user has
sufficient authority, the label is destroyed. For more information, see Tape Data Set
and Tape Volume Protection for Nonlabeled (NL) Tapes on page 191.
If your system supports BLP processing, RACF provides installations with the ability
to control the use of the BLP option on JCL DD statements. To control who can use
BLP, take the following steps:
1. Activate the TAPEVOL class.
2. Define a profile in the FACILITY class to protect the ICHBLP resource, and
grant users READ or UPDATE authority, as appropriate.
To open a tape for input and bypass label processing when the TAPEVOL
class is active, the user must have at least READ authority to the volume (if the
volume is defined) as well as to the ICHBLP resource in the FACILITY class.
To open a tape for output and bypass label processing, the user must have
at least UPDATE authority to the volume (if the volume is defined) as well as to
the ICHBLP resource in the FACILITY class.
RACF checks the users authority to the ICHBLP resource when the user attempts
to access a tape with an IBM standard or ANSI label (even if BLP is specified on
the LABEL operand of the DD statement for the tape volume).
RACF performs BLP authorization checking only if the TAPEVOL class is active. If
TAPEVOL is not active, data management does not call RACF to perform BLP or
tape access checking.
If RACF finds an ICHBLP profile, RACF verifies that the user has sufficient authority
to use bypass label processing. If the user does not have sufficient authority, RACF
fails the request.
If RACF does not find an ICHBLP profile or if the user has sufficient authority to use
bypass label processing, RACF performs authorization checking on the volume. If
the user has sufficient authority to the volume, RACF grants the request. Otherwise,
RACF fails the request.
Note: RACF performs authorization checking on a volume based on the volume
serial number specified on the JCL statement. Proper authorization checking,
therefore, depends on the operator mounting the correct volume.
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Data Sets
Authorization Requirements for Labels

The following rules apply to RACF-protected tape volume labels:
v To rewrite a tape volume label without additional authority, the user must have
ALTER authority to the volume.
v To destroy a tape volume label (when converting from standard labels to
nonstandard or nonlabeled tapes), the user must have ALTER authority to the
volume.
v To create a tape volume label (when writing a standard labeled data set to a
nonlabeled or nonstandard labeled volume), the user must have ALTER authority
to the volume.
Tape Data Set and Tape Volume Protection with Nonstandard Labels
(NSL)
Data management does not do authorization checking for nonstandard labeled
tapes. However, if the user is going to destroy standard labels, data management
calls RACF to determine whether the tape volume is protected. If the tape is
RACF-protected and TAPEDSN is active, the user must have ALTER authority to
the volume and to the data sets on the volume. For more detailed information,
consult the DFSMS/MVS publications.
Opening an Unlabeled Tape for Input
To open an unlabeled tape for input, the user must have at least READ authority to
one of the following:
v To the volume
v If TAPEDSN is active, to the data sets that may have previously been defined to
RACF within the TVTOC for the volume. Because this is a nonlabeled tape
volume, RACF does not automatically create or maintain TVTOC data set entries.
However, TVTOC data set entries can be manually created and maintained with
the ADDSD command.
If data management finds a labeled tape when opening the volume for input, it
rejects the request.
Opening an Unlabeled Tape for Output

To open an unlabeled tape for output when TAPEDSN is active, the user must have
at least UPDATE authority to the tape volume and to all data sets on the volume. If
a labeled tape is encountered when opening an output tape and the user has
ALTER authority to the volume, the volume label is destroyed and RACF protection
for the volume is deleted. For additional details, see z/OS DFSMS: Using Magnetic
Tapes.
You should be careful when using nonspecific volume requests for output volumes
because the operating system assigns volume serial numbers and it is impossible
for you to determine if the volume mounted is defined to RACF under a different
number. If your installation plans to use RACF protection for nonlabeled tapes, you
should use JCL scans to prevent the use of nonspecific volume requests and
establish procedures to ensure that operators mount the correct tapes.
Notes:
1. Because protection is on a volume level, you should specify PROTECT=YES in
the DD statement for only one data set on the volume.
191
Data Sets
2. RACF protection of nonlabeled tapes does not depend on tape data set
protection being active.
3. RACF does not maintain the TVTOC for nonlabeled tapes. But if the TVTOC
contains any entries, RACF uses these entries during authorization checking.
4. You cannot RACF-protect nonlabeled tapes that have a volume serial number of
Lnnnnn.
192
Chapter 7. Protecting General Resources

Defining Profiles for General Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Steps for Defining General Resource Profiles . . . . . .
Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACFVARS Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Generic Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Generic Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
When You Can Specify Generic Profile Names. . . . . . . . . .
Generic Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Rules for Generic Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . .
Generic Profile Checking of General Resources . . . . . . . . . .
Granting Access Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Limiting the Size of Your Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conditional Access Lists for General Resource Profiles . . . . . . .
Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table . . . . . . . . . . . .
How Global Access Checking Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Candidates for Global Access Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Global Access Checking Table Entries . . . . . . . . . .
Adding an Entry to the Global Access Checking Table . . . . . . .
Deleting an Entry from the Global Access Checking Table . . . . .
Examples of Creating Global Access Checking Table Entries . . . .
Stopping Global Access Checking for a Specific Class . . . . . . . .
Listing the Global Access Checking Table . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Considerations for Global Access Checking . . . . . . . . .
Field-Level Access Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Planning for Profiles in the FACILITY Class . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delegating Authority to Profiles in the FACILITY Class . . . . . . . .
Providing the Ability to List User Information . . . . . . . . . . . .
Providing the Ability to Reset User Passwords . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ALTUSER Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Resource Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a Resource to a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting a Resource from a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Which Profiles Protect a Particular Resource? . . . . . . . . . . .
Resolving Conflicts among Multiple Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
How Is WARNING Mode Merged for Conflicting Multiple Profiles?. . .
Considerations for Resource Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Variables in Profile Names (RACFVARS Class) . . . . . .
Defining RACF Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example of Protecting Several Tape Volumes Using the RACFVARS Class
Using RACF Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using a RACF Variable as the Entire Name of a Profile . . . . . .
Using a RACF Variable as a Qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the &RACLNDE Profile to Identify Local Nodes . . . . . . .
RACFVARS Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACFVARS with Mixed-Case Classes . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling VTAM LU 6.2 Bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting DFP-Managed Temporary Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting File Services Provided by LFS/ESA . . . . . . . . . . . .
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General Resources
Protecting Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Profiles in the TERMINAL and GTERMINL Classes . . .
Controlling the Use of Undefined Terminals . . . . . . . . . .
Combining the SETROPTS TERMINAL Command with TERMINAL
Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Limiting Specific Groups of Users to Specific Terminals . . . . .
Limiting the Times That a Terminal Can Be Used . . . . . . . .
Using Security Labels to Control Terminals . . . . . . . . . .
Using the TSO LOGON Command with the RECONNECT Operand .
Protecting Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Security Labels to Control Consoles . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Secured Signon Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACF PassTicket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating the PTKTDATA Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles in the PTKTDATA Class . . . . . . . . . . .
Determining Profile Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting the Secured Signon Application Keys . . . . . . .
Example of Defining a PTKTDATA Class Profile . . . . . . .
When the Profile Definitions Are Complete . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Processes the Password or PassTicket . . . . . . .
Bypassing PassTicket Replay Protection . . . . . . . . . .
Enabling the Use of PassTickets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Verifying the Secured Signon Environment . . . . . . . . .
Preventing Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting the Vector Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to Program Dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF to Control Access to Program Dumps . . . . . . .
Protecting Program Dumps Using a Data Set Profile . . . . .
Protecting Program Dumps Using the FACILITY Class . . . . .
Using Non-RACF Methods to Control Access to Program Dumps . .
Controlling the Allocation of Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting LLA-Managed Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Data Lookaside Facility (DLF) Objects (Hiperbatch) . . . .
Using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES Support . . . .
The RACGLIST Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering the Use of Operator Commands . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands . . . . . . . . .
Command Authorization in an MCS Sysplex . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of Operator Commands . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of Remote Sharing Functions . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to the RACLINK Command . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the RACLINK DEFINE Operand . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the RACLINK PWSYNC Operand . . . .
Controlling Password Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the AT Operand . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the ONLYAT Operand . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Automatic Direction of Commands . . . . . . . .
Controlling Automatic Direction of Passwords . . . . . . . .
Controlling Automatic Direction of Application Updates . . . . .
Establishing Security for the RACF Parameter Library . . . . . . .
Controlling Message Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Opening of VTAM ACBs . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and PSF (Print Services Facility) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auditing When Users Receive Message Traffic . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and APPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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General Resources
User Verification during APPC Transactions . . . . . . .
Partner LU as Port of Entry (POE) . . . . . . . . .
Local LU Name as Application (APPL) . . . . . . . .
Protection of APPC/MVS Transaction Programs (TPs) . . .
LU Security Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conversation Security Options . . . . . . . . . . .
Origin LU Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protection of APPC Server IDs (APPCSERV) . . . . . .
RACF and CICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and ICSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and z/OS UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Support for NDS and Lotus Notes for z/OS . . . . .
Administering Application User Identities . . . . . . . .
Adding Application Identity Segments . . . . . . . .
Modifying USER Identity Segments . . . . . . . . .
Removing User Identity Segments . . . . . . . . .
System Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mapping Profiles in the NOTELINK and NDSLINK Classes
Authorizing Applications to Use Identity Mapping . . . . .
Defining Applications as RACF Users . . . . . . . .
Permitting Access to the IRR.RUSERMAP Resource . .
Activating Identity Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . .
Considerations for Application User Names . . . . . . .
Storing encryption keys using the KEYSMSTR class . . . .
Steps for storing a key in a KEYSMSTR profile . . . . .
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This chapter provides in-depth information on protecting general resources.

RACF-protected resources can be divided into two categories: data sets and
general resources. General resources are all of the resources that are defined in
the class descriptor table. For example, general resources include DASD and tape
volumes, load modules (programs), terminals, and others.
See Chapter 9, Protecting Programs, on page 303 for information about controlling
programs, program libraries, and program access to data.
Defining Profiles for General Resources

The RACF commands that you can use to work with general resource profiles are
shown in Table 14.
Table 14. RACF Commands Used to Work with General Resource Profiles
Activity
Command
Defining
RDEFINE
Listing
RLIST
Changing
RALTER
Allowing or denying access
PERMIT with CLASS(classname)
Searching
SEARCH with CLASS(classname)
Deleting
RDELETE
Note: For the authority needed to issue any of these commands, see z/OS Security Server
195
General Resources
Summary of Steps for Defining General Resource Profiles

This summary presents the steps required by RACF to define general resource
profiles. Please note that specific instructions for most resources supported by the
supplied general resource classes are contained elsewhere in this book.
1. Determine which resources are to be protected by the profile. This involves the
following information:
v The general resource class, such as TAPEVOL or TERMINAL
v The profile name:
If you specify a generic profile name, the profile can protect more than
one resource.
Using generic profiles instead of discrete profiles can greatly reduce the
effort of maintaining the profiles. In general, you should create generic
profiles to cover the majority of resources, using discrete profiles only for
exceptions.
Also, you should consider creating a profile to be used as a model,
especially if you are specifying complex access lists. Models can be used
when creating any kind of resource profile (discrete or generic), and
modeling can be done across classes. To model, specify the FROM
operand on the RDEFINE command. To model across classes, you should
also specify the FCLASS operand. Before using modeling, see Possible
Changes to Copied Profiles When Modeling Occurs on page 40.
Note: To specify generic profile names, either generic command
processing or generic profile checking (the SETROPTS GENCMD
or SETROPTS GENERIC option) must be in effect for the class.
For example, for the TERMINAL class:
SETROPTS GENERIC(TERMINAL)
If you specify a discrete profile name, the profile can protect only one
resource.
The rules for specifying profile names for most supplied general resource
classes are described elsewhere in this book.
Notes:
a. For some kinds of resources, (such as terminals, DASD volumes, and
CICS, IMS, and SDSF classes), you should consider using resource
group profiles instead of generic profiles. Creating resource group profiles
can save a significant amount of work. See Creating Resource Group
Profiles on page 221 for more information.
b. You can use RACFVARS profiles to specify values for variables (indicated
by an ampersand &) in profile names. For more information, see Using
RACF Variables in Profile Names (RACFVARS Class) on page 226.
v Decide which access is to be allowed to all users on the system who are not
otherwise limited. In RACF, this is called the universal access authority
(UACC). This has the same meaning as the access authority on access lists
(see step 3 on page 197). In most cases, the UACC should be NONE or
READ.
v Decide which user or group is to be the owner of the new resource profile. By
default, this is the user who creates the profile.
If the owner is a user, the owner can list, modify, or delete the resource
profile. Note that being the owner of a resource profile does not, by itself,
allow a user to have access to the resource or resources that are
protected by the profile. For more information, see step 16 on page 722 in
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Resources on page 720.
196
General Resources
If the owner is a group, the authority of a user who has a group-level
attribute in that group (such as group-SPECIAL or group-AUDITOR)
extends to resources that are protected by this profile.
v Decide which user, if any, should be notified by a message when users make
unsuccessful attempts to access resources that are protected by the profile
(NOTIFY operand).
v Decide whether RACF should log access attempts to resources that are
protected by the profile (AUDIT operand).
Note: To see the results of the logging done by RACF, use the RACF report
writer. For more information, see z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors
Guide.
v If your installation is using some form of security classification, do one of the
following:
If security labels are used on your system, decide which security label (if
any) to assign to the profile.
When security labels are being used on your system, be aware that
security levels and categories are ignored.
If security levels are used on your system, decide which security level (if
any) to assign to the profile.
If security categories are used on your system, decide which security
categories (if any) to assign to the profile.
If your installation has written RACF installation exits to use the LEVEL
operand, decide which value to specify for LEVEL.
v Depending on the class of the resource, the profile might have additional
fields for which you should assign values. For example:
Profiles in the APPCLU class have SESSION segments
Profiles in the TAPEVOL class have the SINGLEDSN and TVTOC
operands
Profiles in the TERMINAL and GTERMINL classes have the WHEN and
TIMEZONE operands (both optional). WHEN determines the times and
days a terminal may be used.
Note: This WHEN is not the same as the WHEN operand in a conditional
access list.
See the appropriate section of this book or the description of the RDEFINE
command in z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for
specific information on these operands.
v To copy an existing profile, specify the name of the existing profile on the
FROM operand. If the existing profile is in a different class, specify FCLASS
also.
2. Create the general resource profile using the RDEFINE command:
RDEFINE classname profile-name other-operands
Note: To change a general resource profile, use the RALTER command.

3. If specific users or groups are to have specific access to the resource, use the
PERMIT command to create one or both of the access lists:
v Each entry in the standard access list states which access (such as NONE or
READ) a specific user or group has:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(classname)
ID(userid or group) ACCESS(access-authority)
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v Each entry in the conditional access list states which access (such as NONE
or READ) a specific user or group has, and also states which condition a
user must meet to get the specified access:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(classname)
ID(userid or group) ACCESS(access-authority)
WHEN(condition)
Notes:
a. Access authorities that you can specify with UACC or specifically assign to
users vary from class to class, and are described in the sections of this
book that describe the specific classes.
b. Not all classes are described in this book (for example, the DSNR class is
not described in this book). Also, in some classes (notably the FACILITY
class), the access required by some resource managers to specific profiles
is described in the documentation of the resource manager. Therefore, go to
that resource manager to find the descriptions of that class. (In the case of
DSNR, which is used by DB2, see RACF and DB2 on page 279.)
c. The profile creator may be automatically added to the access list with
ALTER authority. For more information, see Automatic Addition of Creators
User ID to Access List on page 141.
4. If you have not already done so, activate the resource class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(classname)
5. For performance benefits, consider doing one of the following:

v Allow all users on the system to have access to the resource at some level
(such as READ or UPDATE) by creating a global access checking table entry
that has a name similar to the new resource profile.
See Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table on page 206.
v Reduce I/O to the RACF database by requesting that RACF keep all profiles
in the class in storage:
SETROPTS RACLIST(classname)
Note: This is required for some classes.

Classes
Most general resource classes (except the PROGRAM class) give you a choice of
creating either a discrete profile or a generic profile. Refer to Examples of defining
load modules as controlled programs on page 329 for more information on creating
profiles in the PROGRAM class.
Choose a generic profile to protect more than one resource with the same security
requirements.
Notes:
1. You can use the characters *, **, or % to specify in which way (if at all) the
resources protected by the profile have identical characters in their names.
2. If you use the character & in a profile name, there must be a corresponding
RACFVARS profile. See Using RACF Variables in Profile Names (RACFVARS
Class) on page 226.
Choose a discrete profile to protect one resource with unique security requirements.
The name of a discrete profile has no generic characters.
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RACFVARS Profiles
Table 15 gives some considerations for choosing among generic profiles, resource
group profiles, and RACFVARS profiles.
Table 15. Choosing Among Generic Profiles, Resource Group Profiles, and RACFVARS
Profiles
How to Choose
Reference
Use generic profiles when the names of the

resources have logically matching characters.
Rules for Generic Profile Names and z/OS

Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.
Use resource group profiles if the names of

the resources do not have logically matching
characters and there is a resource grouping
class (such as GTERMINL or GDASDVOL).
Creating Resource Group Profiles on page

221.
Use RACFVARS profiles if the names of the

resources do not have logically matching
characters and there is no resource grouping
class.
Using RACF Variables in Profile Names

(RACFVARS Class) on page 226.
Using Generic Profiles

In each address space, RACF keeps up to four lists of generic profiles that have
been referenced. Each list comprises one DATASET high-level qualifier, or one
general resource class based on the value of KEYQUAL in the class descriptor
table (CDT) entry for that class (assuming the class is not RACLISTed in some
way).
When RACF needs to reference a set of generic profiles that are not present in the
address space, the oldest list is deleted and the new list replaces it. The
performance impact of doing this can be especially important during the OPEN for a
concatenated DD statement. If possible, group data sets with the same high-level
qualifier together in the concatenation, so that RACF does not need to read the
same list of generics multiple times. Also, consider using global access checking for
commonly referenced data sets, because RACF does not need to use the generic
profiles if the access is granted by global access checking.
When RACF loads the list of generic profile names, significant I/O to the RACF
database may occur. Therefore, the number of generic profiles within a data set
high-level qualifier or general resource class should be kept as small as practical,
which may suggest the use of discrete profiles instead of generics. The
performance of generics in RACF is optimized for the case where each generic
profile protects several (possibly many) resources for the average case.
When searching a list of generic profiles to find a match, RACF scans the list in
sequential order, which can cause high CPU usage if the list is a long one. This can
be especially important when using RACLISTed profiles in CICS or IMS. With
RACLISTed profiles, discrete entries are located quickly via a binary tree search,
but the generics must be scanned sequentially. This effect can be exacerbated if
the generic profile names (or member names, for RACLISTed classes) begin with
RACF variable names, for example &VAR.ABC*.
Rules for Generic Profile Names

There are a few rules that apply to naming generic profiles.
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When You Can Specify Generic Profile Names

You can create a profile with a generic name when either of the following is true for
the class of the profile:
v The SETROPTS GENERIC option is in effect. Not only does this option allow the
creation of generic profiles, it also causes RACF to use generic profiles during
authorization checking.
v The SETROPTS GENCMD option is in effect. In this case, generic profiles can
be created and modified, but RACF does not use them during authorization
checking. This is intended for use when migrating from discrete profiles to
generic profiles.
Generic Naming
Some of the generic profile naming for general resources has been enhanced with
some of the same concepts as generics for data set profiles. You may now have an
asterisk (*) within a profile name, representing one qualifier of a resource name.
You may also use a double asterisk (**) to represent zero or more qualifiers within a
general resource generic profile or at the end of such a profile. Use of the double
asterisk (**) in general resource generic profiles is not controlled by the SETROPTS
EGN option which applies only to the data set profiles.
Some of the rules for generic characters are different between general resource
and data set generic profiles. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for more information.
Other Rules for Generic Profile Names

The following rules apply to profile names:
v Valid generic characters are *, %, and **:
Specify % in the profile name to match any single non-blank character (except
a period) in the same position of the resource name.
Specify * or ** in the profile name to match more than one character in the
same position of the resource name. For a complete description and
examples of how to specify * and **, see z/OS Security Server RACF
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Limited Use of %* in General Resource Profile Names

The %* combination requires special attention.
New profiles with an ending %* are not allowed nor are profiles named %*.
The RDEFINE command returns an error message.
Existing profiles with an ending %* are usable, but they should be deleted
before creating any new profiles with a middle or beginning * or **. The
RALTER and RDELETE commands accept %* to enable you to make the
changes.
Instead of using an ending %*, create new profiles ending with * for similar
function (change AB.C%* to AB.C*).
If you have an existing profile whose entire name is %*, you should create
a new profile whose new name is **.
Notes:
1. The above considerations also apply to generic members of grouping
classes.
2. When creating the new profiles, consider using the FROM operand for
continued use of the same access list.
v For any particular general resource class, the profile naming conventions are
defined by how the resource name is specified on the call to RACF. When your
application programmers are designing the resource names for use in their
invocations of the security product, they should be aware of the problems
involved with using *, %, or & in resource names. For more information, see
z/OS Security Server RACROUTE Macro Reference.
As you define general resource profiles, users must observe the naming
conventions for that particular class. For some classes, the naming conventions
are described in this book. However, other products (both IBM and non-IBM) can
issue RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH. You must check the documentation
produced for those products for authoritative information on how those products
call RACF. You should gather the following information from the calling products
documentation:
When the call to RACF is done. In other words, what user action causes the
call to RACF?
Some further questions to ask: Also, are there settings in the product that
cause the call to occur? Are there installation exits that can prevent the call,
or change the results of the call?
What is the class name used on the call to RACF?
What is the resource name used on the call to RACF? If you are using
discrete profiles, this is the profile name. If you are using generic profiles, you
need to know how many qualifiers (portions of the name that are separated by
periods) there are, and what the qualifiers mean, so that you can specify
meaningful profile names.
Note: If you do not follow the resource naming convention established by the
caller of RACF, you could create profiles that are never used. For
example, if you create a discrete profile with less than the correct
number of qualifiers, the profile is never used during RACF
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What do the access authorities (READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, ALTER) mean?
Remember, these values are hierarchical (UPDATE is higher than READ, and
so forth), and do not necessarily mean what the English word means. For
example, for terminals, READ means allowed to logon, not allowed to read
information.
Generic Profile Checking of General Resources

The rules for access-authorization checking of generic profiles for general resources
are similar to those for the DATASET class.
v Generic profiles are not checked unless generic profile checking is in effect for
the class. To do this, issue the following command:
SETROPTS GENERIC(classname)
v If the class is not active, RACF does not check for profiles. RACF returns the
default return code of the class to the resource manager. For a complete
description, see Authorization Checking for RACF-Protected Resources on
page 719.
v If more than one profile covers a particular resource, RACF searches for profiles
in the following order:
Discrete profile
Matching generic profiles (see Table 16)
Table 16. Sample General Resource Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific
Resources Being Accessed
Profile Name
Profile
Type
COPY.A
Discrete
COPY.WEB.FINAL
Discrete
COPY.WEB.*
Generic
COPY.PAPER
Discrete
COPY.PAPER.TEST
Discrete
COPY.PAPER.%
Generic
COPY.PAPER.*
Generic
COPY.PAPER.**
Generic
COPY.PAPER%
Generic
COPY.PAPER*
COPY
COPY.PAPER
COPY.PAPER.TEST
COPY.WEB.FINAL
X
X
X
X
Generic
COPY.PAPE%
Generic
COPY.PAP*
Generic
COPY.PRINT.*
Generic
COPY.&X (where:
&X = PAPER in
RACFVARS profile)
Generic
COPY.&Y (where:
&Y = WEB.FINAL in
RACFVARS profile)
Generic
COPY.%APER
Generic
COPY.*.FINAL
Generic
COPY.*.FINAL*
Generic
COPY.**.FINAL
Generic
COPY.**.PAPER
Generic
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Table 16. Sample General Resource Profile Names in Order from Most Specific to Least Specific (continued)
Profile Name
Profile
Type
COPY.*
Generic
COPY.**
Generic
COPY*.**
Generic
*.*
Generic
*.**
Generic
*
**
Resources Being Accessed

COPY
COPY.PAPER
COPY.PAPER.TEST
COPY.WEB.FINAL
Generic
Generic
To determine which profiles have the potential to protect any particular resource,
use the FILTER or MASK operands on the SEARCH command to generate a list of
profiles that might match the resource. For example, you might specify the users
user ID on the FILTER operand to limit the list of profiles displayed. Some
examples follow:
SEARCH CLASS(TAPEVOL) FILTER(**.userid.**)
SEARCH CLASS(JESSPOOL) FILTER(**.userid.**)
In general, the list of profiles generated by the SEARCH command is the order in
which RACF searches for a matching profile. To review the list:
1. Find all profiles that match the resource name.
2. If no profile names match, check for profile names that include an ampersand
(&) (RACF variables). You must list the RACFVARS profile to determine the
value of a RACF variable:
RLIST RACFVARS variable-name
Also, the SEARCH command does not list grouping profiles (such as
GTERMINL) that protect the resource. To do this, use the RESGROUP operand
on the RLIST command.
RLIST member-class resource-name RESGROUP
See Which Profiles Protect a Particular Resource? on page 223.

If these methods do not find a profile, the resource is not protected.
3. If only one profile matches, it protects the resource.
4. Otherwise, find two profiles that both match the resource name. Then, compare
them character by character. Where they first differ, if one has a discrete
character and the other has a generic character, the one with the discrete
character wins. If both have a generic character where they differ and:
v If one has an & and the other has a %, *, or **, the & wins.
v If one has a % and the other has an * or **, the one with % wins.
v If one has an * and the other has a **, the one with * wins.
Note: The following is generally true:
Given two generic profiles that match a resource, the one whose first generic
character is farther from the beginning of the name is used.
If two profile names match except for one character position, the following is the
order in which RACF examines them:
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blank
.
$ (X'5B')
# (X'7B')
@ (X'7C')
AZ
09
& (X'50')
%
*
For example, the following profile names all match in the first three character
positions (A.B), and are shown in the order RACF examines them:
A.B
A.B.B
A.BA
A.BZ
A.B0
A.B9
A.B&X
A.B%
A.B*
When in doubt about the search order, create sample profiles and check the order
of profile names shown by the SEARCH command.
Granting Access Authorities

You can grant (or deny) user or group access to a RACF-protected resource either
explicitly, by assigning the specific user or group access authority with the
appropriate command, or implicitly, with the universal access authority (UACC).
Each resource that you protect with RACF requires a UACC, which is the default
access authority for the resource. All users in the system who are not specifically
authorized in the access list of that resource profile, except users defined with the
RESTRICTED attribute, can still access the resource with the authority specified by
UACC (unless the UACC is NONE). These users include users not defined to
RACF.
Note: Users with the RESTRICTED attribute can access the resource when they
are specifically authorized in the access list with the sufficient authority.
If you specifically assign a user or group an access authority to a resource, the
specified authority overrides the UACC specified for the resource.
Valid authorities that you can specify with UACC or specifically assign to users or
groups vary from class to class, and are described in the sections of this book that
describe the specific classes.
Note: Not all classes are described in this book (for example, the DSNR class is
not described in this book). Also, in some classes, the access required by
some resource managers to specific profiles is described in the
documentation of the resource manager.
Table 17 on page 205 shows additional meanings for several access authorities for
general resources.
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General Resources
Table 17. ALTER, NONE, and CONTROL, UPDATE, and READ Access Authorities for
General Resources
ALTER
For discrete profiles, the specified user or group has full control over the
resource and the resource profile, and can authorize other users and
groups to access the resource.
For generic profiles, only the profile owner, users with the SPECIAL
attribute, and group-SPECIAL users whose groups own the profile have
control over the resource profile and can authorize other users and
groups to access the resource.
For both profiles, full resource access is allowed.
NONE
The specified user or group is not permitted to access the resource or list
the profile.
CONTROL,
UPDATE, READ
These access authorities allow listing of selected portions of the profile

and grant resource access in a variety of ways, depending on the class.
Limiting the Size of Your Access Lists

If you need to authorize a large number of users to a resource, you must consider
the limitations on the size of the access list. The access list of each profile is limited
to 65535 bytes. Each user or group you add to the access list uses 11 bytes.
Therefore, the maximum number of entries is 5957. To minimize the impact of these
limitations, you can create groups and add the groups, rather than the individual
users, to the access list.
There are additional considerations if you need to authorize a large number of
users for a resource in a class that can be processed to an in-storage profile using
the SETROPTS RACLIST command or the RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro. A
single in-storage profile is limited to 65535 bytes. Each entry in the access list uses
9 bytes in storage. Therefore, the maximum number of access list entries is 7273, a
larger number than the same profile can contain on the database. However,
because the in-storage profile includes other information in addition to the access
list, such as installation data, application data, and the conditional access list, the
maximum number of entries in the access list may be fewer than 7273.
If you use resource member and grouping profiles, you should define a given
member name only once. If you define the same member name more than once,
for example, in multiple grouping profiles using the ADDMEM command or in both a
member profile and a grouping profile, it will be difficult to determine the resulting
security attributes for that member after RACLIST processing merges the profiles.
RACF also merges the access lists of each profile, making it difficult for you to
determine the number of access-list entries you have used. In addition, the
combined number of access-list entries may cause the profile to become too large
to be processed, and RACLIST processing may fail.
Conditional Access Lists for General Resource Profiles

You can require that a user or a job have entered the system from a particular
device when accessing general resources. Specifically:
v You can require that a user be logged onto a particular terminal by specifying
WHEN(TERMINAL(...)) on the PERMIT command.
The TERMINAL class must be active for this support to take effect.
v You can require that a user be logged onto a particular console by specifying
WHEN(CONSOLE(...)) on the PERMIT command.
The CONSOLE class must be active for this support to take effect.
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v You can require the batch job accessing the resource to have been submitted
from a particular JES input device by specifying WHEN(JESINPUT(...)) on the
PERMIT command.
The JESINPUT class must be active for this support to take effect.
v You can require that a user enter the system from a particular partner LU by
specifying WHEN(APPCPORT(...)) on the PERMIT command.
The APPCPORT class must be active for this support to take effect.
v You can require that a user enter the system from an IP address contained in a
particular network access security zone by specifying the name of the
SERVAUTH profile protecting that network access security zone on the
WHEN(SERVAUTH(...)) operand of the PERMIT command.
The SERVAUTH class must be active for this support to take effect.
v You can require that a user enter the system from an IP address contained in a
particular network access security zone only when executing a particular program
by specifying the program on the WHEN(PROGRAM) operand of the PERMIT
command, and by specifying the name of the SERVAUTH profile protecting that
network access security zone as the resource.
The PROGRAM and SERVAUTH classes must be active for this support to take
effect.
Note: If an access list contains more than one condition, any of the conditions
allows the specified access. For example, if you enter the PERMIT command
with WHEN(CONSOLE(01) TERMINAL(20)) specified, you allow the access
when either console 01 or terminal 20 is used.
Examples:
To ensure that an operator (or group of operators) can issue certain operator
commands only when logged on at a particular console, enter:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(user or group) ACCESS(READ)
WHEN(CONSOLE(console-id))
You can require a user to access a program from a particular system by specifying
WHEN(SYSID(system-identifier)) on the PERMIT command:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(PROGRAM) ID(user or group) ACCESS(READ)
WHEN(SYSID(system-identifier))
This conditional access list entry is only valid for the PROGRAM class.
See Program control by SMFID in BASIC or ENHANCED mode on page 308 for
more information.
Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table

You can use global access checking to improve the performance of RACF
authorization checking for selected resources. Global access checking should be
used for public resources that are accessed frequently. For example, an entry in the
global access checking table can allow all users on the system to have READ
access to the SYS1.HELP data set.
The global access checking table is maintained in storage and is checked early in
the RACF authorization checking sequence. If an entry in the global access
checking table allows the requested access to a resource, RACF performs no
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further authorization checking. This can avoid I/O to the RACF database to retrieve
a resource profile, and can result in substantial performance improvements.
Global access checking is used for authorization processing invoked by the
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH macro. It is not used for authorization processing
invoked by the RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH macro.
How Global Access Checking Works

When a user requests access to a resource for which a RACROUTE
REQUEST=AUTH macro is issued, and global access checking is in effect for the
class of the resource, RACF searches the global access checking table for a
matching entry. If there is a matching entry, RACF compares the access authority
requested by the user (READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, or ALTER) to the access
authority associated with the resource in the global access checking table.
If the requested access is less than or equal to the authority specified in the table
entry for the resource, global access checking grants the requested access
immediately, without checking the profile protecting the resource. Otherwise, normal
RACF authorization checking is performed. Global access checking can only permit
accesses, not deny them.
Global access checking is bypassed for users who have the RESTRICTED
attribute. See Defining Restricted User IDs on page 88 for more information.
Attention
Because RACF performs global access checking before many of the other
kinds of access authority checks, such as security label checking or access list
checking, global access checking might allow access to a resource you are
otherwise protecting. To avoid a security exposure to a sensitive resource, do
not create an entry in the global access checking table for a resource that is
protected by a profile containing a security level, security category, or security
label. (If the security label in the profile is SYSLOW, a global access checking
table entry with an access authority of READ can be created.)
Candidates for Global Access Checking

The following resources are candidates for public access and therefore for global
access checking:
v SYS1.BRODCAST
v SYS1.HELP
v SYS1.PROCLIB
v ISPF/PDF libraries
v ISPF libraries (panels, skeletons, tutorial, and so forth)
v Tools libraries
Note: User IDs with the RESTRICTED attribute that require access to resources
like these must be specifically authorized in the access list for each required
resource with sufficient access authority.
Creating Global Access Checking Table Entries

To create an entry in the global access checking table:
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1. Plan the entries for the global access checking table, using the following
guidelines:
a. Identify resource profiles that are accessed frequently and for which a
performance benefit is desired.
b. If there are resource profiles with UACC other than NONE, consider adding
similar entries to the global access checking table. Using this matched pair
approach, each entry would have the same name as a profile, and the
access specified in the entry would generally match the UACC of the profile.
Do not add a global access checking table entry if any of the following are
true:
v The profile has a security level, security category, or security label (other
than SYSLOW).
Note: If the profile has a security label of SYSLOW, the global access
checking table entry can have an access of READ.
v The profile has an entry in the standard access list that is lower than the
access level of the global access checking table entry.
v The profile has an entry in a conditional access list that is more restrictive
than the access level of the global access checking table entry.
v The profile requests auditing of successful access attempts at or below
the level specified in the corresponding global access checking table
entry.
For example, if you have a data set profile PHONE.DIRECT with
UACC(READ) and AUDIT(FAILURES(UPDATE)) specified, you might create
a global access checking table entry for it as follows:
RALTER GLOBAL DATASET ADDMEM(PHONE.DIRECT/READ)
However, if there are users or groups in the standard access list of profile
PHONE.DIRECT with an access authority of NONE (which is lower than
the UACC), do not create a global access checking table entry. A global
access checking table entry would allow these users and groups to read the
phone directory.
c. If you have resources that are protected by a generic profile with UACC
other than NONE, and others that are protected by a more specific (generic
or discrete) profile that has specific access requirements such as an access
list, consider adding two entries: one for the larger set of resources (with
access authority equal to the UACC of the profile) and the other for the
smaller set of resources (with access authority of NONE).
For example, if you have a profile of SYS1.** with a UACC(READ), but you
also have some specific profiles with more restrictive entries, such as
SYS1.XYZ with UACC(READ) and an access list with JOE/NONE, create
two entries:
SYS1.XYZ/NONE
SYS1.**/READ
The entry with /NONE does not fail any attempts but stops requests for
SYS1.XYZ from being granted by the SYS1.** entry.
See the examples later in this section for other possible entries.
2. Add the resource class to the global access checking table using the RDEFINE
command with the GLOBAL operand and the class name:
RDEFINE GLOBAL classname
3. To allow global access checking for a specific resource, add an entry to the
global access checking table using the RALTER command as follows:
RALTER GLOBAL classname ADDMEM(resource-name/access-level)
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where:
resource-name
is the equivalent of a profile name in the class specified. If generic
command processing is in effect for classname (through the
SETROPTS GENCMD command), resource-name on the ADDMEM
operand can include the generic characters *, **, or %. In general, the
rules for specifying these characters are the same as the rules for
specifying these characters in generic profile names except that generic
characters are allowed in any qualifier (even if not allowed in certain
qualifiers of the profile names).
After they have been added, generic entries in the global access
checking table are used in global access checking even if generic
profile checking is turned off (through the SETROPTS NOGENERIC
command).
The resource name can also include the name qualifiers &RACUID (RACF
user ID) or &RACGPID (current connect group). For example, the following
entry allows users to have ALTER access to data sets that begin with
their own user IDs.
The resource name can also include variables defined in the
RACFVARS class. Note that when defining a resource name for a
profile in a mixed-case class, you must enter the character strings
&RACUID, &RACGPID, and any RACFVARS variable names in uppercase.
For more information on RACFVARS usage, see Using RACFVARS
with Mixed-Case Classes on page 230.
RALTER GLOBAL DATASET ADDMEM(&RACUID.**/ALTER)
Note: The preceding entry does not change a users access to his or
her own data sets, but speeds the process by which RACF
grants the access. (It also prevents any auditing of such access
attempts.)
The word &RACGPID allows the users current connect group to be used
in the same way. For example, the following allows all users to have
READ access to group data sets for their current connect group:
RALTER GLOBAL DATASET ADDMEM(&RACGPID.**/READ)
Note: If the current connect group is found in the global access table
and list-of-groups processing is in effect, list-of-groups checking
is ignored.
access-level
can be NONE, READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, or ALTER.
For more information on specifying the ADDMEM operand, see z/OS Security
4. When you are finished updating the global access checking table, issue the
SETROPTS command with the GLOBAL operand for each class affected:
SETROPTS GLOBAL(classname)
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Attention
Save a listing of the global access checking table. This can help you
recover from the accidental deletion or alteration of the global access
checking table or its entries. You can use the RLIST command to make
this listing quickly.
IBM recommends that you write an EXEC that contains the commands you use
to create the global access checking table. The EXEC should include the RLIST
command to provide an independent record of the actual table created. Also, if
the global access checking table is accidentally deleted (using the RDELETE
command), the EXEC can readily be used to regenerate the table.
5. IBM strongly recommends for all classes that, for each entry in the global
access checking table, you create a similar resource profile. Such a matched
pair approach can help ensure the continuation of protection if global access
checking becomes disabled. For example,
RDEFINE classname resource-name UACC(access-level)
At the end-of-volume (EOV) processing, RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH is

issued with OLDVOL specified for authority checking with the DATASET and
TAPEVOL classes. This check bypasses the global access table checking and
uses resource profile definitions for authority checking. By not having a
matched pair approach, you may get different results.
Adding an Entry to the Global Access Checking Table

To add an entry to the global access checking table, issue the RALTER command
with the ADDMEM operand, then refresh the in-storage global access checking
table. For example:
RALTER
GLOBAL classname ADDMEM(resource-name/level)
SETROPTS GLOBAL(classname) REFRESH
Deleting an Entry from the Global Access Checking Table

To delete an entry from the global access checking table, issue the RALTER
command with the DELMEM operand, then refresh the in-storage global access
checking table. For example:
RALTER
GLOBAL classname DELMEM(resource-name/level)
SETROPTS GLOBAL(classname) REFRESH
Attention
Do not use the RDELETE command unless you intend to delete the entire
global access checking table for that class.
Examples of Creating Global Access Checking Table Entries

The following examples show you how to create entries in the global access
checking table for:
v The SYS1.HELP data set
v The SYS1.BRODCAST data set
v Group data sets
v The master catalog and user catalogs
Example 1: The SYS1.HELP Data Set: To allow all users to have READ access
to SYS1.HELP, enter:
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General Resources
SETROPTS
RDEFINE
RALTER
ADDSD
SETROPTS
GLOBAL(DATASET)
GLOBAL DATASET
GLOBAL DATASET ADDMEM(SYS1.HELP/READ)
SYS1.HELP UACC(READ)
GLOBAL(DATASET) REFRESH
Example 2: Group Data Sets: To specify that all users are to have UPDATE
access authority to data sets whose high-level qualifier is the users current connect
group, enter:
RDEFINE GLOBAL DATASET ADDMEM(&RACGPID.**/UPDATE)
Note: &RACGPID entries provide more flexibility than the GRPACC attribute.
Table 18 shows some points of comparison.
Table 18. Comparison of GRPACC Attribute with &RACGPID.** Entry in Global Access
Checking Table
GRPACC Attribute
&RACGPID.** Entry
Applies only to group data set profiles created Applies to all group data sets for all users.
by the user while the user has the GRPACC
attribute.
Always allows UPDATE access.
Can allow READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, or

ALTER access.
Works by changing access lists in group data Works the same way for all users in all
set profiles. These can be changed
connect groups. Changes affect all users.
individually later.
Applies only to resources in the DATASET
class.
Can apply to any class that might include a

group name in profile names (such as
TAPEVOL).
Example 3: The Master Catalog and User Catalogs: With the exception of a
very select group, users should only be allowed to READ the master catalog. To
allow this, enter:
RALTER GLOBAL DATASET ADDMEM(CATALOG.MASTER.**/READ)
ADDSD CATALOG.MASTER.** UACC(READ)
PERMIT CATALOG.MASTER.** ID(SYSGROUP) ACCESS(CONTROL)
Notes:
1. The exact form of the names specified on these commands depends on the
naming conventions at your installation. This example assumes that catalog
names take the form:
CATALOG.MASTER.MVSESA.Vvvvvvv for a master catalog
and
CATALOG.applic.Vvvvvvv for application-specific catalogs
(for example, TSO or DB2)
2. The access authority that is required to update and maintain the catalog
depends on the DFP release that is installed on your system.
For user catalogs, most users should be allowed to add entries as they create data
sets. To allow this, enter:
RALTER GLOBAL DATASET ADDMEM(CATALOG.**/UPDATE)
ADDSD CATALOG.** UACC(UPDATE)
Stopping Global Access Checking for a Specific Class

To stop global access checking for a specific class, issue:
SETROPTS NOGLOBAL(classname)
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Listing the Global Access Checking Table

To list the global access checking table, do one of the following:
v For a list showing the entries in a particular class, enter the following command:
RLIST GLOBAL classname
This shows the entries in the order in which they are searched by RACF.
v See the DSMON report that lists the global access checking table described in
z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide for a list that shows all entries in the
table.
Special Considerations for Global Access Checking

When using global access checking, consider the following:
v Global access checking is used for authorization processing invoked by the
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH macro. It is not used for authorization processing
invoked by the RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH macro.
v Global access checking is bypassed for access requests by users with the
RESTRICTED attribute. See Defining Restricted User IDs on page 88.
v RACF authorization checking via RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH searches the
global access checking table for a matching entry, ignoring profiles in the class. If
no global access checking table entry matches the search, or if the access
specified in the entry is less than the access being requested, RACF then
searches for a matching profile in the class. This processing occurs regardless of
whether or not the class is RACLISTed (by either SETROPTS RACLIST or
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST).
v RACF searches the global access checking table for an entry that best matches
the name of the resource, much as RACF searches for a matching profile. The
output from the RLIST command shows the order used.
v The group resource classes (such as GTERMINL) are ineligible for global access
checking.
v When global access checking allows a request to access a data set, that data
set is considered to be protected by RACF, and therefore any OS password
processing and prompting that would otherwise have occurred is bypassed.
v When global access checking allows a request, RACF maintains no statistics.
v When global access checking allows a request, RACF performs no logging other
than that requested by the SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS command.
v RACF bypasses global access checking if the PROFILE, CSA, or PRIVATE
operand is specified on the request for RACF authorization checking
(RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH).
v Updated global access checking table entries become effective with the next IPL
or after execution of the SETROPTS command with the GLOBAL(classname)
operand (with or without the REFRESH operand).
v The only use for an access of NONE in the global access table is to force RACF
to look for a profile. This would typically be used when you have access list
entries which have a lower access level than a data sets UACC, or when you
want to ensure that auditing or security classification checking takes place for a
specific data set.
v When RACF is enabled for sysplex communication, the SETROPTS GLOBAL
and SETROPTS GLOBAL(classname) REFRESH commands are propagated to
the other members of the sysplex data sharing group.
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General Resources
Field-Level Access Checking

You can use RACF to control which users can access data in RACF profiles at the
field level through field-level access checking. To do this, you create profiles in the
FIELD class and permit users to the profiles.
Using field-level access checking, you can:
v Allow a user or group to modify a particular field (or segment) in all profiles of a
particular type. For example, you can define a profile to control access to the
ACCTNUM field of the TSO segment of user profiles. If you give a user UPDATE
authority to this profile, the user can modify the ACCTNUM field in all user
profiles.
v Allow all users to read or modify a particular field (or segment) of their own user
profiles. To do this, specify ID(&RACUID) on the PERMIT command.
Note: RACF command processors and panels support field-level access checking
only for fields in segments other than the base segments of RACF profiles.
However, the ICHEINTY and RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT macros
can support field-level access checking for fields in any segment of any
RACF profile. If your installation has written its own programs that use these
macros to access the RACF database, you can modify these programs to
implement field-level access checking.
To use field-level access checking, take the following steps:
1. Define profiles in the FIELD class:
RDEFINE FIELD profile-name UACC(NONE)
where profile-name has the following format:

profiletype.segmentname.fieldname
where:
profiletype
v Class name for general resource profiles
v DATASET for data set profiles
v GROUP for group profiles
v USER for user profiles
segmentname
v BASE for BASE segments (this is supported only by user-written
code)
v CDTINFO for CDTINFO segments
v CICS for CICS segments
v DCE for DCE segments
v DFP for DFP segments
v DLFDATA for DLFDATA segments
v LANGUAGE for LANGUAGE segments
v LNOTES for LNOTES segments
v NDS for NDS segments
v NETVIEW for NETVIEW segments
v OMVS for OMVS segments
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General Resources
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
OPERPARM for OPERPARM segments

OVM for OVM segments
SESSION for SESSION segments
SSIGNON for SSIGNON segments
STDATA for STDATA segments
SVFMR for SystemView segments
TME for TME segments
v TSO for TSO segments

v WORKATTR for WORKATTR segments
Note: This is also the operand used on RACF commands to work with
the segment.
fieldname
is the name of the field to be protected as described in Table 19 on
page 215.
For example, to control access to all fields in the TSO segment of all user
profiles, issue the RDEFINE command and specify USER.TSO.* as the profile
name. Before issuing this command, however, check the Special Note below:
RDEFINE FIELD USER.TSO.* UACC(NONE)
When you specify a UACC of NONE, you prevent all users from accessing the
TSO segment in all user profiles, including their own. Likewise, if you specify a
UACC of READ, you allow all users to read the information contained in all
fields of the TSO segment for all user profiles.
Special Note
Note that the profile name USER.TSO.* is a generic profile name. Before
you issue the above command, generic profile checking for the FIELD
class must be active. If it is not active, issue the SETROPTS
GENERIC(FIELD) command before you define the generic profile.
To control access to specific fields in the TSO segment of user profiles, issue
the RDEFINE command and specify the specific field as the third qualifier in the
profile name. Use Table 19 on page 215 to determine which qualifier to use. For
example, when changing the account number field in a TSO segment, users
specify the ACCTNUM operand on the TSO option of the ALTUSER command:
ALTUSER userid TSO(ACCTNUM(account-number))
According to Table 19 on page 215, to control access to the ACCTNUM field,

create a profile using the TACCNT qualifier:
RDEFINE FIELD USER.TSO.TACCNT UACC(NONE)
2. Allow specific users or groups to have the appropriate access to the field:
PERMIT USER.TSO.TLPROC CLASS(FIELD) ID(TSOADM) ACCESS(UPDATE)
The previous example shows how to create a profile that gives user ID
TSOADM the authority to change the logon procedure (TLPROC field) in the
profiles of all TSO users.
Note: You can also specify the value &RACUID with the ID operand on the
PERMIT command for FIELD profiles. When you enter this value on the
PERMIT command, you allow all users access to the specified field or
segment of their own user profiles. For example, if you issue the
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General Resources
following command, you allow all users to read the TLPROC field in the
TSO segment of their own user profiles.
PERMIT USER.TSO.TLPROC CLASS(FIELD) ID(&RACUID) ACCESS(READ)
3. When you are ready to start using the protection defined in the profiles, activate
the FIELD class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(FIELD)
Note: If you do not activate the FIELD class and activate SETROPTS RACLIST
processing for the FIELD class, only SPECIAL users can access fields in
segments (other than the base segment) of RACF profiles.
4. You must activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the FIELD general
resource class. For a complete description of this function, see SETROPTS
RACLIST Processing on page 128.
SETROPTS RACLIST(FIELD)
Note: Once you activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the FIELD class,
any time you make a change to a FIELD profile, you must also refresh
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the FIELD class for the change to
take effect.
SETROPTS RACLIST(FIELD) REFRESH
Table 19. Relationship of RACF Command Operands to FIELD Profile Names
To control the use of this operand:
Use this qualifier in FIELD profiles:
CDTINFO segment in general resource profiles (CDT class):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASE
DEFAULTRC
DEFAULTUACC
FIRST
GENLIST
GROUP
KEYQUALIFIERS
MACPROCESSING
MAXLENGTH
MAXLENX
MEMBER
OPERATIONS
OTHER
POSIT
PROFILESALLOWED
RACLIST
SECLABELSREQUIRED
SIGNAL
CDTCASE
CDTDFTRC
CDTUACC
CDTFIRST
CDTGENL
CDTGROUP
CDTKEYQL
CDTMAC
CDTMAXLN
CDTMAXLX
CDTMEMBR
CDTOPER
CDTOTHER
CDTPOSIT
CDTPRFAL
CDTRACL
CDTSLREQ
CDTSIGL
CICS segment in user profiles:

OPCLASS
OPIDENT
OPPRTY
TIMEOUT
XRFSOFF
OPCLASS and OPCLASSN

OPIDENT
OPPRTY
TIMEOUT
XRFSOFF
DCE segment in user profiles:

AUTOLOGIN
DCENAME
HOMECELL
HOMEUUID
UUID
DCEFLAGS
DCENAME
HOMECELL
HOMEUUID
UUID
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General Resources
Table 19. Relationship of RACF Command Operands to FIELD Profile Names (continued)
DFP segment in data set profiles:

RESOWNER
RESOWNER
DFP segment in user and group profiles:

DATAAPPL
DATACLAS
MGMTCLAS
STORCLAS
DATAAPPL
DATACLAS
MGMTCLAS
STORCLAS
DLFDATA segment in general resource profiles (DLFCLASS class):

RETAIN
JOBNAMES
RETAIN
JOBNAMES and JOBNMCNT
LANGUAGE segment in user profiles:

PRIMARY
SECONDARY
USERNL1
USERNL2
LNOTES segment in user profiles:

LNOTES
SNAME
NDS segment in user profiles:

NDS
UNAME
NETVIEW segment in user profiles:

IC
CONSNAME
CTL
MSGRECVR
OPCLASS
DOMAINS
NGMFADMN
NGMFVSPN
IC
CONSNAME
CTL
MSGRECVR
OPCLASS and OPCLASSN
DOMAINS and DOMAINSN
NGMFADMN
NGMFVSPN
OMVS segment in group profiles:

GID
GID
OMVS segment in user profiles:

ASSIZEMAX
CPUTIMEMAX
FILEPROCMAX
HOME
MEMLIMIT
MMAPAREAMAX
PROCUSERMAX
PROGRAM
SHMEMMAX
THREADSMAX
UID
OPERPARM segment in user profiles:
216
ASSIZE
CPUTIME
FILEPROC
HOME
MEMLIMIT
MMAPAREA
PROCUSER
PROGRAM
SHMEMMAX
THREADS
UID
2
2
General Resources
ALTGRP
AUTH
AUTO
CMDSYS
DOM
KEY
LEVEL
LOGCMDRESP
MFORM
MIGID
MONITOR
MSCOPE
ROUTCODE
STORAGE
UD

OPERALTG
OPERAUTH
OPERAUTO
OPERCMDS
OPERDOM
OPERKEY
OPERLEVL
OPERLOGC
OPERMFRM
OPERMGID
OPERMON
OPERMSCP and OPERMCNT
OPERROUT
OPERSTOR
OPERUD
OVM segment in group profiles:

GID
GID
OVM segment in user profiles:

FSROOT
HOME
PROGRAM
UID
FSROOT
HOME
PROGRAM
UID
SESSION segment in general resource profiles (APPCLU class):

CONVSEC
INTERVAL
LOCK
SESSKEY
CONVSEC
KEYINTVL
SLSFLAGS
SESSKEY
SSIGNON segment in general resource profiles (PTKTDATA class):

KEYENCRYPTED
KEYMASKED
SSKEY
SSKEY
STDATA segment in general resource profiles (STARTED class):

USER
GROUP
PRIVILEGED
TRACE
TRUSTED
STUSER
STGROUP
FLAGPRIV
FLAGTRAC
FLAGTRUS
SVFMR segment in general resource profiles:

PARMNAME SCRIPTNAME
PARMN SCRIPTN
TME segment in group profiles:

ROLES and ROLEN
ROLES and ROLEN
ROLES
ROLES and ROLEN
GROUPS
GROUPS and GROUPN
RESOURCE
RESOURCE and RESN
CHILDREN
CHILDREN and CHILDN
PARENT
PARENT
ROLES
TME segment in data set profiles:
ROLES
TME segment in general resource profiles
2
2
2
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General Resources
TSO segment in user profiles:

ACCTNUM
COMMAND
DEST
HOLDCLASS
JOBCLASS
PROC
MAXSIZE
MSGCLASS
SECLABEL
SIZE
SYSOUTCLASS
UNIT
USERDATA
TACCNT
TCOMMAND
TDEST
THCLASS
TJCLASS
TLPROC
TMSIZE
TMCLASS
TSOSLABL
TLSIZE
TSCLASS
TUNIT
TUDATA
WORKATTR segment in user profiles:

WANAME
WABLDG
WADEPT
WAROOM
WAADDR1 through WAADDR4
WAACCNT
WANAME
WABLDG
WADEPT
WAROOM
WAADDR1 through WAADDR4
WAACCNT
Notes:
1. Many operands in this table have corresponding versions that include a prefix of NO. In
addition, several operands have corresponding versions that include prefixes of ADD and
DEL. Refer to the z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference to identify
these.
2. For full field-level access checking and authority protection, define both qualifiers.
Planning for Profiles in the FACILITY Class

The FACILITY class can be used for a wide variety of purposes depending on the
products installed on your system. If the FACILITY class is active, users might need
access to particular resources to perform specific tasks. Therefore, they must have
access based on the profiles protecting those resources. For example:
v READ access to IEAVECTOR allows users to use the vector facility.
v READ access to ICHBLP allows tape users to bypass label processing.
v READ access to IEC.TAPERING allows tape users to write to tape data sets
without removing the write-enable ring.
v There are many other resources that can be protected using RACF profiles in the
FACILITY class for use with many different subsystems and products.
You should activate the FACILITY class for the first such profile that is required on
your system. You can create FACILITY profiles as needed to control who can use a
number of processes on your system.
IBM also recommends that you activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the
FACILITY general resource class. When you activate this function, you improve
performance because I/O to the RACF database is reduced. For a complete
description of this function, see SETROPTS RACLIST Processing on page 128.
SETROPTS RACLIST(FACILITY)
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General Resources
Note: If you activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the FACILITY class, any
time you make a change to a FACILITY profile, you must also refresh
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the FACILITY class for the change to
take effect.
Delegating Authority to Profiles in the FACILITY Class

You can use several methods to allow another user, such as a tape librarian or
storage administrator, to work with profiles in the FACILITY class:
v Assign the user as OWNER of all of the FACILITY profiles used by the function.
v Create a group representing the function and give the user group-SPECIAL
authority within the group. Then assign the group as OWNER of the FACILITY
profiles used by the group.
v If the SETROPTS GENERICOWNER option is in effect, give the user
CLAUTH(FACILITY), create a top generic profile to which the user is assigned
as OWNER. The SETROPTS GENERICOWNER option limits this user to
creating FACILITY profiles that are more specific than the top generic profile.
Note: It is recommended that you do not create a top profile of ** in the
FACILITY class, as this could lead to problems with RJE.
For more information about the GENERICOWNER option, see Restricting the
Creation of General Resource Profiles (GENERICOWNER Option) on page 114.
For other examples for delegating authority in the FACILITY class, check the
specific areas in this manual as shown in Table 20.
Table 20. Delegating Authority in the FACILITY Class
Situation
Reference
To allow users to obtain dumps when they are Protecting Program Dumps Using the
using programs to which they only have
FACILITY Class on page 251
EXECUTE authority, using the
IEAABD.DMPAUTH resource
To allow users to open tape data sets for
input without removing the write-enable ring
(or equivalent), using the IEC.TAPERING
resource
IEC.TAPERING Profile in the FACILITY

Class on page 188
To allow users to access DFP-controlled

Preventing Access to Uncataloged Data
DASD or tape data sets when those data sets Sets (CATDSNS Option) on page 120
are neither cataloged nor system temporary
data sets, using ICHUNCAT.dataset-name and
CATDSNS
To allow migration of security functions from
JES into RACF, using the RJE, RJP, and NJE
NODES profiles
Understanding NODES Profiles on page

483
Providing the Ability to List User Information

You can allow a general user to use the LISTUSER command to list information in
the base segment of a USER profile. To provide this ability, define a profile to
protect the IRR.LISTUSER resource in the FACILITY class. It is recommended that
you define this profile with UACC(NONE) until you determine which users you
would like to give the ability to list user information. If the profile does not exist,
standard LISTUSER privileges will apply when RACF determines whether the
command issuer is authorized.
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General Resources
Attention
Make sure an existing generic profile in the FACILITY class does not
inadvertently grant this authority by default! The safest approach is to protect
the IRR.LISTUSER resource with UACC(NONE) until you determine which
users should be granted authority to list user information.
A general user can list the base segment of another users USER profile if the
command issuer has READ access to the IRR.LISTUSER resource in the FACILITY
class. However, this authority does not apply when the target of the LISTUSER
command has any of the SPECIAL, AUDITOR, or OPERATIONS attributes.
RACF does not log failed access attempts to IRR.LISTUSER. Rather, these
attempts are logged as LISTUSER command violations. Successful accesses to
IRR.LISTUSER are logged at the installations discretion.
Providing the Ability to Reset User Passwords

You can allow a general user to use the ALTUSER command to resume user IDs
and reset user passwords. To provide this ability, define a profile to protect the
IRR.PASSWORD.RESET resource in the FACILITY class. It is recommended that
you define this profile with UACC(NONE) until you determine which users you
would like to give the ability to resume user IDs and reset user passwords. If the
profile does not exist, standard ALTUSER privileges will apply when RACF
determines whether the command issuer is authorized.
Attention
inadvertently grant this authority by default! The safest approach is to protect
the IRR.PASSWORD.RESET resource with UACC(NONE) until you determine
which users should be granted authority to resume user IDs and reset user
passwords.
Users with READ access to the IRR.PASSWORD.RESET resource in the FACILITY

class can:
v Use the PASSWORD operand, provided the user being altered does not have
the SPECIAL, OPERATIONS, or AUDITOR attribute.
v Use the RESUME operand, without specifying a date, provided the user being
altered does not have the SPECIAL, OPERATIONS, or AUDITOR attribute.
Users who have UPDATE access to the IRR.PASSWORD.RESET resource in the
FACILITY class can use the NOEXPIRED operand (in conjunction with the
PASSWORD operand), provided the user being altered does not have the
SPECIAL, OPERATIONS, or AUDITOR attribute. Being the owner of the USER
profile does not provide sufficient authority to use the NOEXPIRED operand.
Users who have the SPECIAL attribute can use the NOEXPIRED operand (in
conjunction with the PASSWORD operand) for all users, including users who have
the SPECIAL, OPERATIONS, or AUDITOR attribute. Having the group-SPECIAL
attribute does not provide sufficient authority to use the NOEXPIRED operand.
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General Resources
RACF does not log failed access attempts to IRR.PASSWORD.RESET. Rather,
these attempts are logged as ALTUSER command violations. Successful accesses
to IRR.PASSWORD.RESET are logged at the installations discretion.
Example 1
A group of help desk administrators requires the ability to view user profile
information, reset users passwords, and resume user IDs that have been revoked.
These administrators are members of the HELPDESK group in RACF. The following
commands provide the necessary authorization to the HELPDESK group:
RDEFINE
PERMIT
FACILITY IRR.LISTUSER UACC(NONE)

IRR.LISTUSER CLASS(FACILITY) ID(HELPDESK) ACCESS(READ)
RDEFINE
PERMIT
FACILITY IRR.PASSWORD.RESET UACC(NONE)

IRR.PASSWORD.RESET CLASS(FACILITY) ID(HELPDESK)
ACCESS(READ)
SETROPTS CLASSACT(FACILITY)
Example 2
An administrator with user ID JBAEZ is responsible for maintaining various
application user IDs. Often, the passwords for these application user IDs need to be
reset. The administrator uses the NOEXPIRED operand of the ALTUSER command
so that the new password value does not need to be changed at the next logon of
the application user ID. The administrator can be authorized for this task by
granting the JBAEZ user ID UPDATE access to the IRR.PASSWORD.RESET
resource in the FACILITY class as follows:
RDEFINE
PERMIT
FACILITY IRR.PASSWORD.RESET UACC(NONE)

IRR.PASSWORD.RESET CLASS(FACILITY) ID(JBAEZ) ACCESS(UPDATE)
ALTUSER Examples
Example 1: Resetting a Users Password: A help desk consultant has been
authorized to reset passwords. The consultants RACF user ID (or the RACF group
associated with the consultants user ID) has been permitted by the security
administrator with READ access to the IRR.PASSWORD.RESET resource in the
FACILITY class. To reset user JIMBOBs password, the consultant enters:
ALTUSER JIMBOB PASSWORD(TEMP012X)
Example 2: Resetting an Applications Password: A help desk consultant has

been authorized to reset passwords. The consultants RACF user ID (or the RACF
group associated with the consultants user ID) has been permitted by the security
administrator with UPDATE access to the IRR.PASSWORD.RESET resource in the
FACILITY class. In this example, at the request of operations personnel, the
consultant is resetting the user ID associated with an application called CUSTAPP.
The consultant uses the NOEXPIRED operand so the application user ID
(CUSTAPP in this example) does not need to change the password when it is
logged on.
To reset the applications password, the consultant enters:
ALTUSER CUSTAPP PASSWORD(VH1SGR8) NOEXPIRED
Creating Resource Group Profiles

Like generic profiles, resource group profiles enable you to protect multiple
resources with one profile. However, the resources do not have to have similar
names.
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General Resources
A resource group profile is a general resource profile with the following special
characteristics:
v Its name does not match the resources it protects.
v The ADDMEM operand (not the profile name itself) specifies the resources it
protects.
v Its class is a resource group class (for example, GTERMINL or GDASDVOL).
v The related member class (not the resource group class itself) must be
RACLISTed. For example, the TERMINAL class must be RACLISTed, not the
GTERMINL class. Depending on the class, RACLISTing is accomplished using
the SETROPTS command or RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST.
For example, the following profile protects three terminals that have unlike names,
M01RF267, M03RF168, and M04GG148:
RDEFINE GTERMINL DEPT35 UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(M01RF267 M03RF168 M04GG148)
Certain member classes cannot be used with RACF commands because they are
associated with resource grouping classes that have special uses. The member
classes are GMBR, NODMBR, PMBR, RVARSMBR, SCDMBR, VMBR, and
VXMBR. Their associated resource grouping classes are GLOBAL, NODES,
PROGRAM, RACFVARS, SECDATA, VMEVENT, and VMXEVENT, respectively.
Table 21 shows the resource group classes and their related member classes.
Table 21. Resource Group Classes
Resource
Resource Group Class
Related Member Class
Terminals
GTERMINL
TERMINAL
DASD volumes
GDASDVOL
DASDVOL
IMS transactions
GIMS
TIMS
Other IMS resources
DIMS and others
CIMS and others
CICS transactions
GCICSTRN
TCICSTRN
CICS tables
HCICSFCT and others
FCICSFCT and others
SDSF authorized commands
GSDSF
SDSF
Cryptographic keys
GCSFKEYS
CSFKEYS
Information/Management resources
GINFOMAN
INFOMAN
Installation-defined classes
Installation-defined class names
Installation-defined class names
To use resource group profiles, take the following steps (terminals are used as a
readily understood example):
1. Create the resource group profile:
RDEFINE GTERMINL profile-name UACC(NONE)
ADDMEM(resource-name-with-or-without-generic-character...)
where:
GTERMINL
is the resource group class for terminals.
profile-name
is a discrete profile name of your choice (generic characters are

not allowed).
resource-name...
is the name of the resource to be protected, for example, a
terminal ID or DASD volume serial number. If you first activate
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generic profile checking for the related member class, you can
include a generic character (*, **, or %) in the resource name.
2. Grant the appropriate access to the appropriate users and groups. In the
following example, READ access is given to users in group GROUPA:
PERMIT DEPT35 CLASS(GTERMINL) ID(GROUPA) ACCESS(READ)
the member class. For classes other than the CICS1 and IMS-related classes,
you must also activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the member class.
For example, for terminals, issue the following command:
Note: Any time you make a change to a GTERMINL profile, you must also
refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the TERMINAL class for the
change to take effect:
SETROPTS RACLIST(TERMINAL) REFRESH
For CICS1 and IMS-related classes, you only need to activate the class (you
cannot request RACLIST processing using the SETROPTS command):
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TIMS)
Note: If an application uses RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES to

RACLIST a class, you can use SETROPTS RACLIST (classname)
REFRESH to refresh the class. This includes the CICS and IMS classes
that cant be RACLISTed with the SETROPTS RACLIST command.
Adding a Resource to a Profile

To add a resource to a profile, issue the RALTER command with the ADDMEM
operand, and then refresh the in-storage profiles for that class. For example:
RALTER
GTERMINL DEPT35 ADDMEM(M01RF268)
Deleting a Resource from a Profile

To delete a resource from a profile, issue the RALTER command with the DELMEM
operand, and then refresh the in-storage profiles for that class. For example:
RALTER
GTERMINL DEPT35 DELMEM(M01RF268)
Which Profiles Protect a Particular Resource?

RACF does not prevent you from specifying the same resource in more than one
resource grouping profile. If you do so, more than one profile is used to determine
the actual protection used. (See Resolving Conflicts among Multiple Profiles on
page 224.) It can be difficult to determine exactly what protection any one resource
has.
To find out if more than one profile protects a particular resource, issue the RLIST
command with the RESGROUP operand as follows:
RLIST TERMINAL resource-name RESGROUP
Make sure to specify the member class (such as TERMINAL or DASDVOL) on the
RLIST command. The profiles that protect the terminal appear in the RLIST output
under the RESOURCE GROUPS heading.
1. The FCICSFCT class is an exception. You can use SETROPTS RACLIST with that class.
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For example, assume that the following commands were issued:
RDEFINE GTERMINL DEPT20 ADDMEM(T1 T2 T3)
RDEFINE GTERMINL DEPT22 ADDMEM(T3)
To list all of the profiles that protect terminal T3, enter:

RLIST TERMINAL T3 RESGROUP
In response, RACF displays:

RESOURCE GROUPS
-------- -----DEPT20
DEPT22
Note: If a member class profile exists for the resource (in this example, if
RDEFINE TERMINAL T3 had been issued), the RLIST output includes both
the resource groups and the listing of the TERMINAL profile.
Resolving Conflicts among Multiple Profiles

A resource name can appear in more than one resource group and can also have a
profile of its own. If a resource is protected by more than one profile, RACF
resolves any conflicts by merging the information from the individual profiles. This
merging occurs during RACLIST processing according to the following rules:
Rule
Example
The most restrictive UACC is

used.
If one profile has a UACC of NONE and another has a

UACC of UPDATE, the UACC of NONE is selected.
For any particular user, the

least restrictive of the access
list entries is used.
For user STEVEH, if one profile has an access list entry of

STEVEH(NONE) and another has an access list entry of
STEVEH(UPDATE), the access list entry of
STEVEH(UPDATE) is selected.
The lowest security level is

used.
If one profile has a security level of CONFIDENTIAL and

another has the lower security level of ROUTINE, the
security level of ROUTINE is selected.
Auditing is done if requested

by any of the profiles.
If one profile requests auditing and another does not,

auditing is selected.
Category lists are combined.
If one profile has a security category of ACCTG and another

profile has a security category of PAYROLL, both the ACCTG
and PAYROLL security categories are selected.
The first security label found is RACF chooses the security label of the first profile it
chosen.
encounters during RACLIST processing and ignores the
security labels for subsequent profiles that must be merged.
Therefore, the value of the merged security label depends
on the order in which the profiles are processed.
If you do not want to use the default rules for merging the information from multiple
profiles, you can use the REQUEST=LIST exit routines to change them.
For more information about RACLIST processing and the REQUEST=LIST exit
routines, see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide and z/OS
Security Server RACROUTE Macro Reference.
Because of the way in which profiles are merged, it can be difficult to determine
exactly what protection any one resource has. Accordingly, IBM recommends that
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you do not specify the same resource in more than one profile, and restricts the
ability to create identically named generic profiles to the profile owner or
system-SPECIAL users.
How Is WARNING Mode Merged for Conflicting Multiple Profiles?

When a RACLIST is issued and multiple profiles in the grouping class are merged
based on their member names, if one of the profiles is in WARNING mode, RACF
uses the setting (either WARNING or NOWARNING) for the first profile member or
member profile of that name it encounters.
Notes:
1. RACF processes grouping profiles before it processes member profiles.
2. A RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST selection exit can change the results.
3. The FILTER= or LIST= operands of RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST can change
the results.
4. RACF ignores WARNING completely unless the issuer of RACROUTE
REQUEST=LIST specified RELEASE=1.8 or higher on the macro invocation.
Considerations for Resource Group Profiles

When you work with resource group profiles, keep these considerations in mind:
v There are limitations on the size of resource access lists and profiles, particularly
for profiles that are processed in storage by the SETROPTS RACLIST command
or the RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro. For more information, see Limiting
the Size of Your Access Lists on page 205.
v Do not issue the SETROPTS RACLIST command for the resource group class
(for example, GTERMINL or GDASDVOL).
Instead, specify the related member class (for example, TERMINAL or
DASDVOL). When you RACLIST the TERMINAL class, RACF RACLISTs the
GTERMINL class for you.
v You cannot use the SETROPTS command to RACLIST resource classes for
these resources:
CICS resources (except FCICSFCT)
All IMS resources.
These CICS and IMS resources issue RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST at
initialization time.
To refresh CICS classes that are not RACLISTed with RACROUTE
REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES or SETROPTS RACLIST, issue this CICS
command from the operator console:
CEMT PERFORM SECURITY REBUILD
v
v
v
v
When IMS is refreshed, the IMS classes are refreshed as well.

You cannot specify generic profile names in the resource group class.
You can specify generic names on the ADDMEM operand. However, you should
consider defining your generics in the MEMBER class so that the RLIST
command can be used to find the generic profile that produces a resource.
A resource group profile, which is associated with only one resource class,
cannot be used to group resources from two different classes.
If you use resource grouping profiles, consider avoiding the use of the related
member class.
For example, if you use GTERMINL profiles, convert entirely to using GTERMINL
profiles, and delete all TERMINAL profiles. This can ease the administration of
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terminal authorizations. For example, the SEARCH command lists profile names
for only one class at a time: GTERMINL or TERMINAL.
Note: Remember that you can use RLIST to find the generic that matches a
name only if you use member class profiles. RLIST does not provide this
support for members of grouping class profiles. Therefore, you must
decide which approach is easier to administer. It may be better to define
all discrete names as members of grouping profiles and all generic names
as member class profiles. That allows you to use multiple SEARCH or
RLIST commands when necessary.
When converting generic TERMINAL profiles to GTERMINL profiles, you can
specify generic characters on the ADDMEM operand to obtain the same
coverage.
Using RACF Variables in Profile Names (RACFVARS Class)

To keep administrative overhead as low as possible, you should use a single profile
to cover multiple resources whenever you can. One way to do this is to define a
generic profile, using generic characters in the profile name. Another way is to use
a resource grouping class. This section discusses a third way, which is to use
RACF variables in the profile name.
Using a RACF variable in a profile name allows you to use one general resource
profile to protect many resources with unlike names. Use this method to protect
resources whose names are unlike and for which no resource grouping class is
available. To protect resources whose names are similar, use profiles with generic
characters in their names. To protect resources for which resource grouping classes
(for example, GTERMINL and GDASDVOL) are available, use resource grouping
classes.
RACF variables can be used for general resource profiles only. You cannot use
them in data set profile names.
Profiles whose names contain RACF variables are considered to be generic
profiles.
Defining RACF Variables

RACF variable names must begin with an ampersand (&), can be up to eight
characters long, and cannot contain any generic characters or periods (.). Do not
define variable names that start with &RAC; they are reserved for RACF use.
Several resource names can be assigned to each variable through a profile in the
RACFVARS class. The resource names assigned to the variable are added as
member names to the RACFVARS profile. The resource names can be up to 39
characters long and cannot contain any generic characters. All of the resources
must belong to the same class and must belong to a class that accepts generic
profile names.
The UACC of a RACFVARS profile controls who can display the profile to see how
a particular variable is defined. A UACC of READ allows anyone to look at the
profile using the RLIST command. A UACC of NONE denies the access.
PERMIT commands that are issued for a RACFVARS profile affect the
administration of the profile, not access to the resource that is protected with the
RACFVARS variable name. For example, to allow users to access tape volumes
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protected by a TAPEVOL profile called &PAYTAPE, issue a PERMIT command for
the profile in the TAPEVOL class, not the profile in the RACFVARS class. However,
to allow a user to change the RACFVARS profile called &PAYTAPE, give the user
ALTER access authority to the profile in the RACFVARS class, not the profile in the
TAPEVOL class.
Because the RACFVARS class requires high performance, you must RACLIST the
profiles. To activate the RACFVARS class and RACLIST the profiles, enter:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(RACFVARS) RACLIST(RACFVARS)
Any time a change is made to a RACFVARS profile, the in-storage profiles for the
RACFVARS class must be refreshed for the changes to take effect. To refresh the
in-storage profiles for the RACFVARS class, enter:
SETROPTS RACLIST(RACFVARS) REFRESH
Example of Protecting Several Tape Volumes Using the RACFVARS

Class
The easiest way to show how to use the RACFVARS class is by an example.
Suppose you want to protect several tape volumes called TAP111, A22222, and
B33OLD, and give ALTER access to them only to a group called PAYGRP. There is
no resource grouping class for the TAPEVOL class and the names of the tape
volumes are unlike, so you choose the RACFVARS method to protect the tape
volumes. To do this, enter:
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
PERMIT
SETROPTS
RACFVARS &PAYTAPE UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(TAP111 A22222 B33OLD)

TAPEVOL &PAYTAPE UACC(NONE)
&PAYTAPE CLASS(TAPEVOL) ID(PAYGRP) ACCESS(ALTER)
CLASSACT(TAPEVOL RACFVARS) RACLIST(RACFVARS)
If you later need to add a tape volume called C44TAP to the list of protected tape
volumes, enter:
RALTER
RACFVARS &PAYTAPE ADDMEM(C44TAP)
Using RACF Variables

There are several ways you can use RACF variables. They include:
v Using a RACF variable as the entire name of a profile
v Using a RACF variable as a qualifier in a profile name that has more than one
qualifier
v Using the &RACLNDE variable to identify local nodes
Using a RACF Variable as the Entire Name of a Profile

You can use a RACF variable as the entire name of a profile. For example, a
TAPEVOL profile name has only one qualifier. It identifies the tape volume to
protect. You can create a RACFVARS profile named &PAYTAPE that specifies
several tape volumes as members. If you then define a TAPEVOL profile called
&PAYTAPE, the profile protects all of the member tape volumes.
Using a RACF Variable as a Qualifier

You can use a RACF variable as a qualifier in a profile name that has more than
one qualifier. For example, a JESJOBS profile name identifies the job names to
protect. It takes the form SUBMIT.nodename.jobname.userid and consists of several
qualifiers. You can create a RACFVARS profile named &PROTJOB that specifies
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several job names as members. If you then define a JESJOBS profile called
SUBMIT.*.&PROTJOB.*, the profile protects all of the member job names from any
node and any user.
In a profile name, a variable name is ended by the eighth character, the end of the
profile name, or one of the following characters, whichever occurs first: a period (.),
another ampersand (&), a percent sign (%), or an asterisk (*).
For example, suppose you define the following profile:
RDEFINE RACFVARS &ABCDEFG ADDMEM(A B)
In this case, X.&ABCDEFGY.Z matches both X.AY.Z and X.BY.Z.
Using the &RACLNDE Profile to Identify Local Nodes

A RACFVARS profile named &RACLNDE can be used to identify node names that
are to be treated as local nodes. IBM highly recommends that you use this profile
with the NODES, JESJOBS, or JESSPOOL classes. This profile is required for
spool reload functions, starting with JES2 3.1.3 and JES3 3.1.3. For an example,
see Allowing a TSO User to CANCEL All Jobs Originating from Local Nodes on
page 480.
RACFVARS Considerations
To create a RACFVARS member list, use the RDEFINE command with the
ADDMEM operand. To add RACFVARS members to an existing member list, use
the RALTER command with the ADDMEM operand. To reorder a RACFVARS
member list, delete the variable by using RDELETE, and redefine it. To list a
RACFVARS member list, use the RLIST command.
Note: The RLIST command lists the members of the RACFVARS in alphabetic
order, not in the order entered.
When RACF compares a resource name with a profile name containing
RACFVARS, it compares the resource name with each name in the RACFVARS
member list. The member names are arranged in the order entered. The oldest
member name (the first name in the member list) is checked first and the last
member name is checked last. Each character of the resource name is compared
with each character of the RACFVARS member name. The search stops at the first
match of a sequence of characters in the resource name and a RACFVARS
member name.
This method of checking can cause unexpected results; for instance, when the
member list contains names that are a subset of other members in the list. In this
case, the resource name does not match the expected profile name.
The following three examples point out some important factors to consider when
working with RACFVARS.
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Example 1
RDEFINE RACFVARS &CTM ADDMEM(TEST TESTA)
RDEFINE SURROGAT &CTM.SUBMIT UACC(NONE)
PERMIT &CTM.SUBMIT CLASS(SURROGAT) ID(USER1) ACCESS(READ)
The job TESTA1 submitted by USER1 on system PLPSC, with USER=TESTA

on the job card, results in a failure and the following error message.
$HASP165
TESTA1 ENDED AT PLPSC - SECURITY VIOLATION
The failure occurs because RACF checking stops when the first four
characters of the specified resource name, TESTA, match the first RACFVARS
member, TEST, leaving the letter A. The remaining letter A is considered a
specific part of the resource name and there is no corresponding specific part
in the profile name to which it can be matched.
As a precaution, when adding RACFVARS members, order the member
names. The member names that are a subset of other names should follow
the names of which they are a subset.
In the preceding example, TEST is a subset of TESTA. Therefore, to obtain
the expected result, reverse the members in the RACFVARS member list.
RDEFINE RACFVARS &CTM UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(TESTA TEST)
Note: Ordering the members solves the problem in the previous example.
However, this may not be the desired order in all cases.
Example 2
RDEFINE RACFVARS &R ADDMEM(AB A)
RDEFINE ACCTNUM &R%.X UACC(NONE)
PERMIT &R%.X CLASS(ACCTNUM) ID(USER1) ACCESS(READ)
In this example, TSO user USER1 attempts to log on with account number
AB.X, but profile &R%.X does not match. This results in the following error
message:
IKJ56486I
THE ACCOUNT NUMBER AB.X HAS NOT BEEN DEFINED FOR USE
The AB matches appropriately. However, no characters remain in the resource

name to match with the generic character, %.
To obtain the expected result, reverse the members in the RACFVARS
member list as follows:
RDEFINE RACFVARS &R ADDMEM(A AB)
or redefine the generic profile as follows:

RDEFINE ACCTNUM &R*.X UACC(NONE)
When you use any of the following to define a profile name, unexpected results can
occur:
v Multiple RACFVARS
v A combination of RACFVARS and generic characters
v A combination of RACFVARS and specific names
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Example 3
RDEFINE
PERMIT
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
SURROGAT &A&B.SUBMIT UACC(NONE)

&A&B.SUBMIT CLASS(SURROGAT) ID(USER1) ACCESS(READ)
RACFVARS &A UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(AB A)
RACFVARS &B UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(B C)
The job AB1 submitted by USER1 on system PLPSC, with USER=AB on the
job card, results in a failure and the following error message:
$HASP165
AB1 ENDED AT PLPSC - SECURITY VIOLATION
The failure occurs because RACF checking for the resource name, AB,
matches the first member of &A, which is AB. Because there is no part of the
resource name to match the second part of the profile name specified by &B,
the compare fails.
The resource name must match with a member of each of the RACFVARS
used to define a profile.
To obtain the expected results, reverse the members in the RACFVARS
member list of &A:
RDEFINE RACFVARS &A UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(A AB)
However, the set of resource names that was valid has now changed. For
example, the specific resource name, ABB, was valid and is no longer valid.
Recommendation: To avoid unexpected results, reduce the complexity of profiles.

If you decide to remove a member from a RACFVAR member list, be sure to issue
the SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH or GENERIC REFRESH commands for any
classes that contain profiles that use the RACFVARS value affected by your
change.
Using RACFVARS with Mixed-Case Classes

Using RACF variables in mixed-case profile names has limited use. A mixed-case
profile is a profile in a class defined in the class descriptor table (CDT) with the
CASE=ASIS option, and may, therefore, have a name that contains lowercase
characters. The RACFVARS class itself is not defined with this option, so its profiles
and member values will be treated as uppercase. Therefore, when you define a
mixed-case profile using a RACF variable, you must enter the variable name in
uppercase.
In the following example, $MYCLASS is a mixed-case class. Notice that the profile
called My.Pet.&VAR contains mixed-case characters but the variable name (&VAR) is
uppercase. This allows the variable name match the RACFVARS profile name,
which must be uppercase.
RDEFINE RACFVARS &VAR ADDMEM(CAT DOG FISH)
RDEFINE $MYCLASS My.Pet.&VAR
Because the &VAR profile can contain only members with uppercase names (CAT,
DOG, and FISH), a resource named My.Pet.FISH is covered by these profiles, but
My.Pet.Fish is not.
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Note: Do not enter profile name My.Pet.&var because, although RACF will accept
the name, the character string &var will not match the RACFVARS profile
name &VAR and will not be recognized as a RACF variable.
Controlling VTAM LU 6.2 Bind

With VTAM 3.3 or later, and with a product like CICS 3.2 or later, you can control
which type 6.2 logical units can establish sessions with each other. This includes
the ability to use RACF to specify the values used in password-on-bind processing.
For more information, see RACF and APPC on page 276, z/OS Communications
Server: SNA Programmers LU 6.2 Guide, or z/OS MVS Planning: APPC/MVS
Management.
1. Ask your VTAM system programmer for the following information for each VTAM
LU 6.2 pair:
v The network ID and the LU identifiers for each member of the pair.
v Whether or not a password is required for session verification based on the
VERIFY option specified on the VTAM APPL statement for the LU in
SYS1.VTAMLST. (This password is referred to as the session key in your
RACF definitions.)
v Whether or not the NQNAME option is specified for the ACB. If it is specified,
this indicates that network-qualified names support is enabled.
2. For each LU 6.2 pair, create two profiles in the APPCLU class.
On one system, enter one of the following RDEFINE commands. If
network-qualified names support is not enabled, enter:
RDEFINE APPCLU local-netid.luid1.luid2 UACC(NONE)
If network-qualified names support is enabled, enter:

RDEFINE APPCLU local-netid.luid1.remote-netid.luid2 UACC(NONE)
On the other system, enter one of the following RDEFINE commands. If

network-qualified names support is not enabled, enter:
RDEFINE APPCLU local-netid.luid2.luid1 UACC(NONE)
If network-qualified names support is enabled, enter:

RDEFINE APPCLU local-netid.luid2.remote-netid.luid1 UACC(NONE)
where:
local-netid, remote-netid
are the network IDs (NETID) of the partners. These IDs are
specified on the VTAM start option NETID, which is in the
ATCSTRxx member of SYS1.VTAMLST.
luid1, luid2
are the LU names of the partners. In each case, the first LU

name specified is the local LU name, and the second LU name
is the partner LU name.
For each profile created, the first LU name specified (luid1) is the primary LU on
that system.
Rule: Do not specify an asterisk (*) or any other generic character for the first
two qualifiers (netid and luid).
3. Define the attributes of the sessions between the partners of each LU pair. You
do this by defining a SESSION segment for each APPCLU profile using the
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SESSION option of the RDEFINE and RALTER commands. You can specify the
following information in each SESSION segment:
CONVSEC
Specifies the level or levels of security checking performed for

each conversation between the partners of the LU pair.
INTERVAL
Specifies the maximum number of days the session key is valid

before it must be changed.
LOCK
Indicates that a session between the partners of the LU pair

cannot be established.
SESSKEY(session-key)
Specifies the password used to verify sessions between the
partners of this LU pair. If specified, the SESSKEY value must
be the same in both APPCLU profiles for this LU pair. A session
key may be required based on the VERIFY option specified on
the VTAM APPL statement for this LU pair.
Note: Session keys are 64-bit data encryption standard (DES)
keys. With 64-bit DES encryption, 8 of the 64 bits are
reserved for use as parity bits. This means that those 8
bits are not part of the 56-key. In hexadecimal notation,
the DES parity bits are: X'0101 0101 0101 0101'.
Therefore, any two 64-bit keys are equivalent if their only
difference is in one or more of these parity bits. For
example, the following SESSKEY values, although
appearing to be quite different, are equivalent because
they differ only in the last bit of each byte:
BDF0KM4Q (X'C2C4 C6F0 D2D4 F4D8'
CEG1LN5R (X'C3C5 C7F1 D3D5 F5D9'
For detailed information about using the RDEFINE and RALTER commands to
define options in the SESSION segment, see z/OS Security Server RACF
4. Optionally, for maintenance purposes, give users and groups appropriate access
authority:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(APPCLU) ID(userid or groupname)
where access-authority is one of the following:

NONE
Allows no access to the profile
READ
Allows users to list the profile (for example, using the RLIST
and SEARCH commands)
UPDATE
Is the same as READ
CONTROL
Is the same as READ
ALTER
Allows users to change the profile (if the profile is discrete)
the APPCLU class on every system on which you want to use the APPCLU
profiles:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(APPCLU)
Note: You cannot issue the SETROPTS RACLIST command for the APPCLU
class. VTAM does this for you (using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST).
Example:
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Suppose there are two large nodes, one in New York and the other in Tokyo.
Network-qualified names support is not enabled.
New York node
Tokyo node
Fully qualified LU name:

MVSNET1.NEWYORK
Fully qualified LU name:

MVSNET2.TOKYO
Locally known name of the Tokyo node:

TOKYOREM (Tokyo remote)
Locally known name of the New York node:

NYREM (New York remote)
Figure 8. Example of Two Network LU Partners
On the New York node, take the following steps:

1. Define a profile for the Tokyo LU partner:
RDEFINE APPCLU MVSNET1.NEWYORK.TOKYOREM SESSION(SESSKEY(KEY1)) UACC(NONE)
2. Activate the APPCLU class:

On the Tokyo node, take the following steps:

1. Define a profile for the New York LU partner:
RDEFINE APPCLU MVSNET2.TOKYO.NYREM SESSION(SESSKEY(KEY1)) UACC(NONE)
2. Activate the APPCLU class:

Protecting Applications
You can use a combination of a profile in the APPL class and the APPL operand on
the RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY macro to control which users can use an
application as they enter the system.
1. Determine the name of your application.
2. Specify the name of the application on the APPL operand of the RACROUTE
REQUEST=VERIFY macro.
3. Create a profile in the APPL class:
RDEFINE APPL applname UACC(NONE)
4. Give users and groups READ access, as appropriate.

PERMIT applname CLASS(APPL) ID(userid or groupname) ACCESS(READ)
5. If you have not already done so, activate the APPL class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(APPL)
6. For performance reasons, request SETROPTS RACLIST or SETROPTS

GENLIST processing for the APPL class.
Note: This may be important if many users enter the system under control of
your application (where your application issues the RACROUTE
REQUEST=VERIFY macro for each user).
For information on how authorization checking takes place, see Authorizing Access
to RACF-Protected Applications on page 735.
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Protecting DFP-Managed Temporary Data Sets

You can protect DFP-managed temporary data sets. Normally, these data sets are
considered protected from any accesses except by the job or session that created
them, and therefore do not need to be protected by RACF. However, the following
situations could leave a temporary data set unprotected:
v A system failure
v An initiator failure or initiator termination by the FORCE command
v An automatic restartbetween the failure and the restart
In these cases, if the TEMPDSN class is active, only users with the OPERATIONS
attribute can scratch any residual DFP-managed temporary data sets remaining on
a volume.
Note: The user with the OPERATIONS attribute can access the data set only to
scratch the data set. No other access is allowed (such as would be allowed
by READ or UPDATE access authority to the data set).
To activate the TEMPDSN class, enter:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TEMPDSN)
Avoid activating the TEMPDSN class when current users or jobs are using
temporary data sets. Otherwise, you could cause users or jobs to receive an
ABEND, as shown in the following scenario:
1. The job or user allocates a temporary data set.
2. You activate the TEMPDSN class.
3. The job or user opens the data set.
4. Because activating the TEMPDSN class restricts the authority to open a
temporary data set, the user or job receives an abend.
Protecting File Services Provided by LFS/ESA

If LAN File Services/ESA (LFS/ESA) Release 1 is installed, you can use the
LFSCLASS class to control user access to LAN File Services.
The resource name contains two parts:
v A data set name
v A workstation directory name
The two parts are separated with a colon. The workstation directory name contains
the directory name and at least one subdirectory, with a backslash (\) before every
subdirectory name. A maximum length of 246 characters is supported.
Here is an example of using the LFSCLASS class:
v Create a profile in LFSCLASS class:
RDEFINE LFSCLASS MVS.DATASET.NAME:\DIR1\SUBDIR
v If you have not already done so, activate the LFSCLASS class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(LFSCLASS)
Note: RACF supports the backslash (\) character for use with the LFSCLASS
class. However, you may need to change your VTAM translation table to
support the backslash (\). For more information, refer to z/OS TSO/E
Programming Guide for your operating system.
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Protecting Terminals
There are several methods of controlling the use of terminals that are connected to
your system. The following sections describe these methods:
v Creating Profiles in the TERMINAL and GTERMINL Classes. You must give
users at least READ access authority in order to allow them to use protected
terminals.You must do this before using any of the other methods for controlling
terminals.
v Controlling the Use of Undefined Terminals on page 236. By specifying
TERMINAL(NONE) on the SETROPTS command, you can prevent users from
logging on to terminals unless the terminals are protected by profiles in the
TERMINAL or GTERMINL classes.
Attention
Do not protect undefined terminals unless you have created profiles that
allow users to access the terminals they currently use.
v Limiting Specific Groups of Users to Specific Terminals on page 237. By
specifying NOTERMUACC on the ADDGROUP or ALTGROUP command, you
can restrict users in those groups to terminals whose access lists specifically
allow the user or the users group to use the terminal.
v Limiting the Times That a Terminal Can Be Used on page 238. By specifying
the WHEN operand on the RDEFINE and RALTER commands for profiles in the
TERMINAL and GTERMINL classes, you can specify the days and times that
users can log on to terminals.
v Using Security Labels to Control Terminals on page 238. If the SECLABEL
class is active, you can control access to terminals by specifying security labels
for profiles in the TERMINAL and GTERMINL classes.
v Using the TSO LOGON Command with the RECONNECT Operand on page
238. TSO allows verification and checking so that a user can resume an
interrupted session from a new terminal.
For a description of authorization checking for terminals, see Authorizing Access to
RACF-Protected Terminals on page 732.
Creating Profiles in the TERMINAL and GTERMINL Classes

If you create a profile in the TERMINAL or GTERMINL class, you must give users
at least READ access authority in order to allow them to use the protected terminal.
1. To protect a terminal using RACF, create a profile for it using the RDEFINE
command. On the command, specify the universal access authority (UACC) you
want to assign to the terminal. The following command defines a profile for
terminal M01RF267 and specifies a UACC of NONE.
RDEFINE TERMINAL M01RF267 UACC(NONE)
On systems using VTAM or TCAM, the terminals node name is the RACF
resource name. On systems using BTAM, the resource name for the terminal
consists of the relative line and terminal number. This information can be
obtained from the system programmer who is responsible for the Network
Communication Program (NCP) system generations for your installation.
2. Use the PERMIT command to allow users and groups to use the terminal. You
must give a user at least READ access authority to the terminal. Otherwise, the
user is not authorized to use the terminal. For example, the following command
grants users SMITH and JONES READ access authority to terminal M01RF627.
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PERMIT M01RF267 CLASS(TERMINAL) ID(SMITH JONES) ACCESS(READ)
Attention
After you define a terminal and protect it with a UACC of NONE, no one
can use the terminal until you grant users or groups READ access
authority to the resource.
the TERMINAL class. You should also consider activating SETROPTS RACLIST
processing for the class. SETROPTS RACLIST processing helps ensure high
performance when access authorities are checked. Also, if you are using
GTERMINL profiles, you must request RACLIST processing for the TERMINAL
class. You can do these two actions in one command:
Note: When you activate the TERMINAL class, RACF also activates the
GTERMINL class.
Creating a Profile in the GTERMINL Class: If you want to protect several
terminals in the same way, but their names do not allow you to create a generic
profile, you can create a profile in the GTERMINL class for them. For example, to
protect terminals M01RF267, M03RF168, and M04GG148 with one profile, you
could create a profile with a name you choose, such as DEPT35:
RDEFINE GTERMINL DEPT35 UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(M01RF267 M03RF168 M04GG148)
To allow group FINANCE to use these terminals, enter:

PERMIT DEPT35 CLASS(GTERMINL) ID(FINANCE) ACCESS(READ)
Note: After creating or changing a GTERMINL profile, you must request

SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the TERMINAL class to make the
changes effective on the system.
To protect another terminal, named M01RF299, with the same profile, change the
DEPT35 profile as follows:
RALTER
GTERMINL DEPT35 ADDMEM(M01RF299)
To stop protecting terminal M03RF168 with this profile, change the DEPT35 profile
as follows:
RALTER
GTERMINL DEPT35 DELMEM(M03RF168)
Controlling the Use of Undefined Terminals

You can also use RACF to control the use of undefined terminals that are
connected to your system. To control the use of undefined terminals, you must first
activate the TERMINAL class as shown above. After the TERMINAL class is active,
you can control whether users can log on to undefined terminals by issuing the
SETROPTS command with the TERMINAL operand. The TERMINAL operand
specifies the universal access authority, either READ or NONE, that RACF
associates with undefined terminals on your system.
To allow undefined terminals to be used for logging on, enter:
SETROPTS TERMINAL(READ)
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To prevent undefined terminals from being used for logging on, enter:
SETROPTS TERMINAL(NONE)
Attention
Before you specify NONE, be sure that you define some terminals to RACF
Otherwise, no one can log on to your system.
Combining the SETROPTS TERMINAL Command with TERMINAL

Profiles
If you want to control selected terminals, specify READ on the TERMINAL operand
of the SETROPTS command. When you specify READ, all users can access all
terminals. To control access to selected terminals, define each terminal individually
and specify a UACC of NONE. Then, create an access list for each terminal that
contains the user IDs of the users who require access to the terminal.
If you decide that you want to control all terminals, specify NONE on the
TERMINAL operand of the SETROPTS command. When you specify NONE, only
users and groups that you authorize to use a terminal through its access list can
use it.
Attention
Before you specify NONE, be sure that you define some terminals to RACF
Otherwise, no one can log on to your system.
Limiting Specific Groups of Users to Specific Terminals

When defining or changing a group profile, you can specify that the group can log
on only to those terminals to which the group (or individual users within the group)
are specifically authorized. If the group terminal option NOTERMUACC is in effect
(note that TERMUACC is the default) for a group on the ADDGROUP or
ALTGROUP command, users of the group can use only those terminals to which
they are specifically authorized on the access list in the TERMINAL profile
protecting the terminal.
For example, if you want to allow group PAYROLL to log on only to terminals in the
payroll office, protect the payroll terminals with a profile:
RDEFINE GTERMINL PAYTERMS ADDMEM(M02RF001 M11RF203) UACC(NONE)
Give the PAYROLL group READ access:

PERMIT PAYTERMS CLASS(GTERMINL) ID(PAYROLL) ACCESS(READ)
Ensure that the PAYROLL group profile has NOTERMUACC specified:

ALTGROUP PAYROLL NOTERMUACC
This prevents users in group PAYROLL from logging on to another terminal just
because the profile protecting that terminal has a UACC of READ.
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Note: If the list-of-groups option (SETROPTS GRPLIST) is in effect, RACF uses
the TERMUACC/NOTERMUACC option from the users current connect
group, but RACF can grant terminal access through any of the users
connect groups.
Tip: When a user is connected to multiple groups and the application he
uses to logon allows him to specify a group name in addition to a user ID,
define NOTERMUACC on each of his group connections to ensure that the
user can logon only to terminals that he or one of his connect groups is
explicitly authorized to access.
Limiting the Times That a Terminal Can Be Used

RACF allows you to limit the use of specific terminals to certain days of the week
and certain hours of the day. To control when the system can be accessed from the
terminal, use the WHEN operand on the RDEFINE and RALTER commands for the
TERMINAL or GTERMINL classes. For more information on the time and
day-of-week controls, see Limiting When a User Can Access the System on page
86 or the command descriptions in z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference.
For example, to allow logons at a terminal only between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. during
the week, specify WHEN(DAYS(WEEKDAYS) TIME(0700:1700)) on the RDEFINE
or RALTER command.
Using Security Labels to Control Terminals

If the TERMINAL class is active, RACF checks a users authority to use a terminal.
If the SECLABEL class is also active, and the TERMINAL profile contains a security
label, the user must log on with a security label that is equivalent to the security
label of the terminal. If the user does not specify a security label when logging on,
the user runs with the security label of the terminal if the user has at least READ
authority to that security label, unless the terminals security label is SYSMULTI.
You can use this to limit the sensitivity of the data that users can access from the
terminal. For example, if you have some terminals that can be accessed easily by
many users, you can assign those terminals a low-sensitivity security label, such as
SYSLOW. This prevents users from using those terminals to access data that has a
security label higher than the terminals security label.
Using the TSO LOGON Command with the RECONNECT Operand

TSO provides a line drop facility that enables a user to log on to TSO from another
terminal and reconnect to the existing session by issuing the LOGON command
with the RECONNECT operand.
During this logon to the new terminal, LOGON command processing requests that
RACF verify the users user ID and password (or operator identification card). Also,
if the TERMINAL class is active, the users authority to access the new terminal is
checked. Note that the user cannot change connect groups when the RECONNECT
operand is used.
If verified and authorized, the user can resume the interrupted session from the new
terminal.
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Protecting Consoles
You can require operators to log onto and log off from MCS-managed consoles by
specifying options in the CONSOLxx member of the SYS1.PARMLIB data set. For
more information, see:
v z/OS MVS Initialization and Tuning Reference
v z/OS MVS System Commands
v z/OS MVS Planning: Operations
When the CONSOLE class is active and a console being used is protected by a
profile in the CONSOLE class, RACF ensures that the person attempting to logon
has the proper authority to do so. Using RACF, you can control the use of JES and
MCS system consoles on your system. This section describes how to protect MCS
consoles. See also Remote Workstations (RJP/RJE Consoles) on page 508.
Notes:
1. The SETROPTS TERMINAL command does not apply to consoles.
2. The TERMUACC operand on the ADDGROUP and ALTGROUP commands
does not apply to consoles.
3. You cannot specify the WHEN operand on the RDEFINE and RALTER
commands for profiles in the CONSOLE class.
For a description of authorization checking for consoles, see Authorizing Access to
Consoles, JES Input Devices, APPC Partner LUs, or IP Addresses on page 733.
To control the use of MCS consoles, take the following steps:
1. Ask your system programmer for the following information:
v The name or ID of the console to be protected
Sysplex consideration: If you share the RACF database with down-level
systems, the console may have a 2-byte console ID rather than a console
name. To protect a console ID, define the resource using the console ID in
place of the console name.
v The universal access authority (UACC) to specify for the console
v The user ID or group name of the operator or operators to whom you want to
grant access
v The security label to be assigned to that console (if security labels are being
used)
2. Create a profile for each console using the RDEFINE command:
RDEFINE CONSOLE console-name UACC(NONE)
For example, the following command defines a profile for console CON1 and
specifies a UACC of NONE.
RDEFINE CONSOLE CON1 UACC(NONE)
3. Use the PERMIT command to allow users and groups to use the console. You
must give a user at least READ access authority to the console. Otherwise, the
user is not authorized to use the console.
For example, the following command grants READ access authority to group
OPRGRP1 and user JONES for CON1.
PERMIT CON1 CLASS(CONSOLE) ID(OPRGRP1 JONES) ACCESS(READ)
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Attention
After you define a console and protect it with a UACC of NONE, no one
can log on to the console until you grant users access authority to the
console profile.
For consoles, the valid access authorities are:
NONE
Allows no access
READ
Authorizes RACF-defined users to LOGON to the specified

console
the CONSOLE class and activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the
class. SETROPTS RACLIST processing helps ensure high performance when
access authorities are checked. You can do these two actions in one command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(CONSOLE) RACLIST(CONSOLE)
If the CONSOLE class is already active and RACLISTed, issue the following
command to activate your CONSOLE profile changes:
SETROPTS RACLIST(CONSOLE) REFRESH
Using Security Labels to Control Consoles

If the CONSOLE class is active, RACF checks an operators authority to use a
console. If the SECLABEL class is also active and the console has a security label,
the operator must log on with a security label that is less than or equivalent to the
security label of the console to use the console.
Using the Secured Signon Function

If your installation includes workstations and client machines that are operating in a
client/server environment, you may want to use the RACF secured signon function
to provide enhanced security across a network. The secured signon function
provides an alternative to the RACF password called a PassTicket, which allows
workstations and client machines to communicate with a host without using a RACF
password.
The secured signon function removes the need to send RACF passwords across
the network and allows you to move the user authentication part of signing on to a
host from RACF to another product or function. End users of an application can use
the PassTicket to authenticate their user IDs and log on to computer systems that
contain RACF.
This section describes the PassTicket and how to set up the secured signon
environment. It includes information about:
v Activating the PTKTDATA class
v Defining profiles in the PTKTDATA class
v The process RACF uses to validate a password or PassTicket
v Enabling the use of PassTickets
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For information about the programming that is needed for an application to generate
a PassTicket, see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
The RACF PassTicket

The RACF PassTicket is a one-time-only2 password that is generated by a
requesting product or function. It is an alternative to the RACF password that
removes the need to send RACF passwords across the network in clear text. It
makes it possible to move the authentication of a mainframe application user ID
from RACF to another authorized function executing on the host system or to the
workstation local area network (LAN) environment.
Activating the PTKTDATA Class

Before you can use the secured signon function, you must activate the PTKTDATA
class. The PTKTDATA class is the class to which all profiles that contain PassTicket
information are defined. To activate the class and the function, enter:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(PTKTDATA)
SETROPTS RACLIST(PTKTDATA)
After you activate the PTKTDATA class, you can define the necessary profiles.
Note: After you define or change the profiles, you need to refresh the class by
entering SETROPTS RACLIST (PTKTDATA) REFRESH.
Defining Profiles in the PTKTDATA Class

For each application that users can gain access to with the PassTicket, you must
create at least one profile in the PTKTDATA class. The profile associates a secret
secured signon application key with a particular application on a particular system.
The profiles can be created so they apply to:
v All users who need access to the application
v A specific RACF group of users who need access to the application
v A specific RACF user, when connected to a specific RACF group
v A specific RACF user
To define the profile, use the RDEFINE command:
RDEFINE PTKTDATA profile-name
SSIGNON(key-description)
UACC(access-authority)
where:
PTKTDATA
specifies the PassTicket key class.
profile-name
is the name of the profile (see Determining Profile Names on page 242).
For the PTKTDATA class, the profile must be a discrete profile. Because each
application must be uniquely defined, you cannot specify a generic profile in the
2. Because it only gives one user access to a specific application for approximately 10 minutes, a RACF PassTicket is resistant to
reuse. For most applications, once a particular PassTicket is used, the same user cannot use it again for the same application
during the same 10-minute interval. By keeping a copy of all used valid PassTickets for the duration of the 10-minute interval
during which they might possibly be used again, RACF provides another level of protection against reuse. For performance
reasons, RACF uses main memory for this storage. If an application can run on more than one computer with individual memory at
the same time, this level of reuse protection might not be available.
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PTKTDATA class. If you specify a generic profile, it is ignored during PassTicket
processing for the application, and PassTickets cannot be used to authenticate
users for that application.
key-description
defines the secured signon application key and specifies the method RACF is to
use to protect it in the RACF database on the host. You can specify either
masking or encryption for the method (see Protecting the Secured Signon
Application Keys on page 245).
Secured signon keys are 64-bit Data Encryption Standard (DES) keys. With
DES, 8 of the 64 bits are reserved for use as parity bits, so those 8 bits are not
part of the 56-bit key. In hexadecimal notation, the DES parity bits are: X'0101
0101 0101 0101'. Any two 64-bit keys are equivalent DES keys if their only
difference is in one or more of these parity bits.
access-authority
is the universal access authority to be associated with the resource protected
by this profile. By default, the UACC is NONE for the PTKTDATA class.
After a profile in the PTKTDATA class has been created, you can change it with the
RALTER command, which is similar in syntax to the RDEFINE command:
RALTER PTKTDATA profile-name
SSIGNON(key-description)
Determining Profile Names

A PTKTDATA class profile name can consist of one of the following:
v An application name only
v An application name appended (or qualified) by a RACF connect group name
v An application name qualified by a RACF user ID
v An application name qualified by both a RACF connect group name and a RACF
user ID.
When the profile name consists of the application name and one or two qualifiers,
the qualifiers are separated by a period. When a RACF connect group name and a
RACF user ID are used as qualifiers, the group name must be appended to the
application name and the user ID must be appended to the group name.
According to this rule, the name structures in the following list can be used as
profile names in the PTKTDATA class. Any other name structures will be ignored. In
this example, the application name is TSO1234, the users current connect group
name is SYS1, and the user ID is IBMUSER:
1. An application name concatenated with a RACF group name and user ID:
TSO1234.SYS1.IBMUSER
2. An application name concatenated with a RACF user ID: TSO1234.IBMUSER
3. An application name concatenated with a RACF group name: TSO1234.SYS1
4. An application name: TSO1234
When PassTicket generation is done by the RACF secured signon PassTicket
generation service, only profiles with name structure 4, the unqualified application
name, are used. All other name structures are ignored.
When PassTicket evaluation occurs, multiple profiles can exist that fit the particular
application, user, and group specification. When multiple profiles exist, RACF
processing is as follows:
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1. Assuming there is at least one qualified profile, RACF selects one qualified
profile name according to the precedence shown in the previous list (items 1, 2,
and 3).
The first qualified profile found using this search precedence is selected and
RACF evaluates the PassTicket using this key. Any other profiles with qualified
names are ignored.
2. If no qualified name is found, or the evaluation using the key within the qualified
profile is not successful because the key is not correct, RACF searches for a
profile using only the application name. If such a profile exists, RACF evaluates
the PassTicket using the key contained within this profile.
Depending on the application (APPC, CICS, IMS, MVS batch, TSO, or VM), the
secured signon function uses a specific method for determining profile names in the
PTKTDATA class. If your application is other than those listed, see Other
applications on page 245.
Note: Check with your system programmer to see if your installation is using RACF
exit ICHRIX01 to modify the application name that RACF uses during user
verification processing. If so, the application name used to determine the
PTKTDATA class profile name for APPC, CICS, IMS, MVS batch, TSO, or
VM applications must match the application name ICHRIX01 selects.
For example, if the ICHRIX01 exit places the character string TSO1234 in the
application name position of the exit parameter list, the application name
position of the PTKTDATA class profile must also be TSO1234.
APPC, CICS, or IMS: To define a profile for an APPC, CICS, or IMS application,
define the profile to the PTKTDATA class with a left-most qualifier that matches the
standard naming conventions you use to define these applications to the APPL
class.
v For general information on the APPL class, see Protecting Applications on page
233.
v For APPC information, see RACF and APPC on page 276.
v For CICS information, see CICS RACF Security Guide.
v For IMS information, see Chapter 16, RACF and Information Management
System (IMS), on page 455.
MVS Batch Jobs: For MVS batch jobs that include RACF passwords in the job
control language (JCL), you can replace the password with a PassTicket. To define
a profile for an MVS batch job:
1. Ask the system programmer for the SMF system identifier of the MVS system
on which the application is running. It is located in SMFPRMxx member of
SYS1.PARMLIB and is specified by the SID value.
2. Determine the left-most qualifier name of the profile to represent the MVS batch
job application to the PTKTDATA class by using the characters MVS as a prefix
to the systems SMF identifier.
Example: Creating an MVS Batch Job Profile Name:
The SMF identifier of the system the MVS batch job application is running on is
SYS2. To create the profile name, use MVS as the prefix. The resulting profile name
is MVSSYS2.
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If the profile applies only to RACF users connected to the RACF group PROD, the
resulting profile name is MVSSYS2.PROD.
Note: If the SMF identifier contains blanks or characters that are not alphanumeric,
they cannot be specified in the profile name. For example, if the SMF
identifier is SY*6, you must specify the profile defined to the PTKTDATA class
as MVSSY6.
TSO: Ask the system programmer if a VTAM generic resource name for TSO is
being used, then reference the appropriate information below.
Creating a TSO Profile Name (when a VTAM Generic Resource Name for TSO is
Used): If VTAM generic resource naming is used for TSO application names, ask
the system programmer for the generic name for TSO, and use it as the left-most
qualifier of the PTKTDATA profile name.
The VTAM generic resource name for TSO is located in:
v The GNAME value in the TSOKEYxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB.
v The GNAME= operand of the START command issued to start TSO.
Example: The VTAM generic resource name for TSO on your system is TSOGR,
and a PTKTDATA profile needs to be created for the TSO application. Use the
VTAM generic resource name as the profile name. The resulting profile name is
TSOGR. If the profile applies only to RACF users connected to the RACF group
PROD, the resulting profile name is TSOGR.PROD.
Notes:
1. A VTAM generic resource name allow the name by which an application is
known to its end users to be different from the actual application name on a
given execution system. This allows multiple real application servers to be used
by large numbers of users who request the services of the application name by
its generic name, while the requested service is actually provided by multiple
backend application servers. With VTAM generic resources, the real back-end
application name does not need to be exposed to end users, since they refer to
the application only by its generic name.
2. During TSO signon PassTicket evaluation, RACF checks the VTAM terminal
address space control table (TCAST) for a VTAM generic resource name for
each TSO application environment. If a VTAM generic resource name exists for
this particular TSO application, it is used as the application name by RACF for
the evaluation process. This results in consistency of application names
between PassTicket generation time and evaluation time.
Creating a TSO Profile Name (when a VTAM Generic Resource Name for TSO is
Not Used): If VTAM generic resource naming is not used for TSO, you should:
1. Ask the system programmer for the SMF system identifier of the MVS system
where the application is running.
The SMF system identifier is located in the SMFPRMxx member of
SYS1.PARMLIB and is specified by the SID value.
2. Determine the left-most qualifier of the profile name to represent the TSO
application in the PTKTDATA class by using the characters TSO as a prefix to
the systems SMF identifier.
Example: The SMF identifier of the system the TSO application is running on is
SYS2. To create the profile name, use TSO as the prefix. The resulting profile name is
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TSOSYS2. If the profile applies only to RACF users connected to the RACF group
PROD, the resulting profile name is TSOSYS2.PROD.
Note: If the SMF identifier contains blanks or characters that are not alphanumeric,
they cannot be specified in the profile name. For example, if the SMF
identifier is SY-5, you must specify the profile defined to the PTKTDATA class
as TSOSY5.
VM Logon: If you are sharing a database with a VM system, you can define a
profile for VM:
1. Ask the system programmer for the system ID of the VM system. It can be
located by examining the CPU-ID (system ID) field in the RACF SMF
CONTROL file.
2. Determine the left-most qualifier name of the profile to represent VM to the
PTKTDATA class by using the characters VM as a prefix to the CPU-ID field.
Example: Creating a VM Profile Name:
The system ID of the VM system is ISGR8. To create the profile name, use VM as the
prefix. The resulting profile name is VMISGR8.
If the profile applied only to RACF users connected to the RACF group PROD, the
resulting profile name would be VMISGR8.PROD.
Note: If the CPU-ID field contains blanks or characters that are not alphanumeric,
they cannot be specified in the profile name. For example, if the CPU-ID field
contains VM7, you must specify the profile defined to the PTKTDATA class as
VMVM7.
Other applications: If your application is other than APPC, CICS, IMS, MVS
batch, TSO or VM, define the application name that your application passes to
RACF in the APPL parameter of the RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY as the name
of your PTKTDATA profile. If your application does not pass an application name,
follow the instructions for creating an MVS batch job profile name. See MVS Batch
Jobs on page 243.
If your application is the HTTP Server for z/OS or OS/390, use OMVSAPPL as the
name of you PTKTDATA profile.
Protecting the Secured Signon Application Keys

When you define the secured signon application keys, RACF either masks or
encrypts each key. If the system has a cryptographic product installed and
available, you can encrypt the secured signon application keys for added protection.
For more information, see Masking the Secured Signon Application Key and
Encrypting the Secured Signon Application Key on page 246.
Note: To prevent unauthorized users from looking at the secured signon application
keys that are stored in the RACF database, make sure the universal access
authority (UACC) of the RACF database is NONE. This prevents
unauthorized users from listing or copying the RACF data set that contains
these sensitive keys.
Masking the Secured Signon Application Key: If the system using the secured
signon function does not use a cryptographic product, RACF masks the key with a
proprietary masking algorithm when you define or alter it. The masking algorithm
that masks the secured signon application keys while they reside in the RACF
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database is an IBM proprietary algorithm. It is designed to provide protection
against casual viewing of the secured signon masked keys. The algorithm is not a
cryptographic algorithm and cannot provide the level of security for the secured
signon application keys that the use of cryptography can provide.
To mask the secured signon application key when you define or alter it, use the
SSIGNON operand and KEYMASKED value with the RDEFINE or RALTER
command.
Encrypting the Secured Signon Application Key: You can encrypt the secured
signon application keys when a common cryptographic architecture (CCA)
cryptographic product is installed on the systems where the secured signon function
is installed.
Using a cryptographic product ensures the maximum possible security for the
secured signon application keys.
With a cryptographic product, RACF can store the keys on the RACF database in a
form in which they are encrypted under the cryptographic products master key.
RACF uses the functions of the cryptographic product to ensure that the encrypted
keys do not exist in clear-text form within system main storage for RACF
processing, except when they are being defined. Therefore, if a system storage
dump occurs, they are not exposed in the dump.
Sharing a RACF Database

v If you want to encrypt the secured signon application keys when a
cryptographic product is installed on one or more of the systems that share
a RACF database, but is not installed on all of the systems, you must
ensure that the applications requiring the encrypted keys run only on the
systems on which the cryptographic product is installed.
v If there is a possibility that an application might run on a system that does
not have a cryptographic product installed, you must mask the secured
signon application keys.
Note: When using the secured signon facilities with encryption, some of the
Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) modules must be put in the
link pack area (LPA) or the modified link pack area (MLPA) so these modules
can be accessed from RACF. The modules that must be put in the LPA or
MLPA are:
v CSNBCKI
v CSNBDEC
v CSNBENC
v CSNBKRC
v CSNBKRD
v CSNBKRW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depending on the release of ICSF, some of these modules may not exist.
RACF checks ICSF and only uses existing modules.
|
|
To encrypt the secured signon application key when you define or alter it, use the
SSIGNON operand and KEYENCRYPTED value with the RDEFINE or RALTER
command.
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Example of Defining a PTKTDATA Class Profile

Suppose you want to define a profile for TSO in the PTKTDATA class. The system
programmer has told you that a VTAM generic resource name for TSO is not being
used, and that the SMF identifier of the system on which the TSO application is to
run is R001. You want to mask the secured signon application key and specify a
key value of X'E001193519561977'. The universal access is to be the default for the
PTKTDATA class (NONE).
To define the profile, enter:
RDEFINE PTKTDATA TSOR001 SSIGNON(KEYMASKED(E001193519561977))
When the Profile Definitions Are Complete

After you define the PTKTDATA-class profile for the application program that is to
generate a PassTicket, the program can be installed and used.
For information on how to code an application program to generate a PassTicket,
see z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces.
How RACF Processes the Password or PassTicket

To validate a password or PassTicket, RACF does the following:
1. Determines whether the value in the password field is the RACF password for
the user ID.
v If it is the RACF password, the validation is complete.
v If it is not the RACF password, processing continues.
2. Determines whether a secured signon application profile has been defined for
the application in the PTKTDATA class.
v If a profile has not been defined, the user receives a message from the
application3 indicating that the password is not valid.
v If the application is defined to the PTKTDATA class, processing continues.
3. Evaluates the value entered in the password field. The evaluation determines
whether:
v The value is a PassTicket consistent with this user ID, application, and time
range.
v It has been used previously on this computer system for this user ID,
application, and time range.
Time Considerations:
A PassTicket is considered to be within the valid time range when the time
of generation, with respect to the clock on the generating computer, is within
plus or minus 10 minutes of the time of evaluation, with respect to the clock
on the evaluating computer.
Be sure that your MVS system and the evaluating computer use clock
values that are within that time range. RACF uses the value stored for
coordinated universal time (UTC), formerly called Greenwich mean time
(GMT), in the algorithms that process PassTickets.
One way to ensure that reasonably synchronized values are used is to set
UTC in the GMT value of the MVS time of day (TOD) clock and to set a
similar value in each of the other systems with which RACF shares
3. RACF sends a message to the SYSLOG and to the security console. The application rejects the logon request the same way it
rejects an incorrect password. The text of the message the user receives depends on the application.
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PassTicket information. You can still use the MVS local time for local
timestamp information, and resetting the local time does not affect the GMT
value kept in the TOD clock.
Attention
Before setting the TOD clocks GMT value to UTC, make sure that the
subsystems and applications you use are not affected.
To be sure the MVS system clock is set properly, the system console
operator should issue:
DISPLAY T
The system displays the time with information similar to the following:
IEE136I LOCAL: TIME=14.06.18 DATE=1997.309
GMT: TIME=19.06.18 DATE=1997.309
Attention
If the MVS DISPLAY T command indicates that your system clock is not
set correctly for GMT, you need to analyze the consequences of
resetting the clock. It is possible that other programs that execute on
the system have been adjusted to tolerate an incorrect GMT setting.
You may need to readjust those programs before resetting the system
clock.
See z/OS MVS Initialization and Tuning Reference and z/OS MVS System
Commands for more information on setting clocks. See z/OS Security Server
RACF Macros and Interfaces for more information on the algorithms.
v If the value was used before, and if PassTicket replay protection has not
been bypassed, the user receives a message from the application4 indicating
that the password is not valid.
v If the value was not used before, the PassTicket is considered valid and
processing continues.
Determines whether the value is a valid PassTicket.
v If the PassTicket is valid, RACF gives the user access to the desired
application.
v If the value is not valid, the host application sends a message5 to the user
indicating that the password is not valid.
Note: If the secured signon application key is encrypted, the cryptographic product
must be active when RACF tries to authenticate the PassTicket. If it is not
active, RACF cannot validate the PassTicket. The resulting message
indicates that the logon attempt failed.
Bypassing PassTicket Replay Protection

The option to bypass PassTicket replay protection allows for cases when multiple
end-users share the same user ID, or when an application may request a
PassTicket for a particular USERID/APPLID combination more than once during the
same one-second time interval. The bypass option allows the plus or minus
4. RACF sends a message to the SYSLOG and to the security console. The application rejects the logon request the same way it
rejects an incorrect password. The text of the message the user receives depends on the application.
5. See the previous footnote.
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10-minute PassTicket replay protection to be bypassed for selected applications or
combinations of selected applications, users, or groups.
You indicate that replay protection is to be bypassed for a particular application by
adding the text string NO REPLAY PROTECTION to the APPLDATA field of the
PTKTDATA profile for that application. You must separate each word in the string
with a single blank space, alphanumeric character, or keyboard symbol. The
NO REPLAY PROTECTION text string will always be rolled to upper case by the
RALTER or RDEFINE commands.
The NO REPLAY PROTECTION text string may appear anywhere within the APPLDATA
field, allowing for the existence of other information already in the field, or for new
information that may be added in the future.
The following are examples of commands that will cause PassTicket replay
protection to be bypassed:
RALTER PTKTDATA profile-name APPLDATA(NO REPLAY PROTECTION)
RDEFINE PTKTDATA profile-name APPLDATA(NO REPLAY PROTECTION)
RDEFINE PTKTDATA profile-name
APPLDATA(FOR THIS APPLICATION NO REPLAY PROTECTION IS IN EFFECT)
Notes:
1. The option to bypass PassTicket replay protection should only be used in
secure environments where access to generated PassTickets is limited within a
secure or internal network.
2. Other than the APPLDATA (application data) field of the application profile
containing the text string, NO REPLAY PROTECTION, there is no other external
indication that replay protection is bypassed.
Enabling the Use of PassTickets

To enable RACF to validate PassTickets, the RACF administrator must have:
v Activated the PTKTDATA class.
v Defined a secured signon application key for each application in a profile in the
PTKTDATA class.
v Issued the SETROPTS RACLIST(PTKTDATA) command.
Note: If you make any additions or changes to profiles in the PTKTDATA class
after you issue this command, be sure to re-issue it using the REFRESH
option in order to activate your changes.
As a result, the RACF database contains all the information necessary to validate
PassTickets for each application that has a PTKTDATA class profile defined.
Verifying the Secured Signon Environment

After activating the secured signon environment for each application, you should
verify the environment. To do this, access the application using the generated
PassTicket from a user ID that is able to access that application. This verifies that:
v The application profile and the secured signon application key have been
implemented correctly.
v The secured signon environment is active.
Preventing Errors
The following checklist describes the errors that may cause a PassTicket to fail. To
prevent these errors from occurring:
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1. Read the list before you use the PassTicket.
2. Review your process to ensure that you have entered all of the information
correctly.
3. Verify the information by using the procedures described in Verifying the
Secured Signon Environment on page 249.
Use this checklist to prevent or correct errors:

h The PTKTDATA class is activated.
h You issued the SETROPTS RACLIST(PTKTDATA) command.
h You issued the SETROPTS RACLIST(PTKTDATA) REFRESH command
after defining the profile.
h A PTKTDATA class profile exists for the application.
h You issued the RDEFINE command correctly.
Figure 9. Problem Prevention Checklist
Even if you have followed the proper procedures, it is still possible to receive a
message stating that a password is incorrect and be denied access to the
application. This can occur if:
v PassTicket replay protection is not being bypassed, and the PassTicket was used
previously for this user, application, and time range.
In this case, RACF generates an SMF record that logs an attempt to replay a
PassTicket.
v The GMT clock on the evaluating computer is outside the valid time range for the
PassTicket.
This can be caused by one of the following:
The GMT clock on the generating computer and the clock on the evaluating
computer are not reasonably synchronized.
The PassTicket was not used within approximately ten minutes of being
generated.
The system clock on the evaluating computer may not be set correctly in
relation to GMT. See Time Considerations on page 247 for more information.
Protecting the Vector Facility

If your processor has a vector facility, you can use RACF to protect it.
1. Define the IEAVECTOR profile in the FACILITY class:
RDEFINE FACILITY IEAVECTOR UACC(NONE)
This command specifies that no users can use the vector facility.
2. Give READ access authority to appropriate users or groups:
PERMIT IEAVECTOR CLASS(FACILITY) ID(user or group) ACCESS(READ)
3. Activate the FACILITY class (if it is not already active):

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General Resources
If your installation does not need to control the use of the vector facility, you can
define an entry for IEAVECTOR in the global access checking table. Global access
checking allows your installation to bypass normal RACF authorization checking
and, thereby, minimize processing.
To define an entry for the vector facility in the global access checking table, issue
the following commands:
RDEFINE GLOBAL FACILITY
RALTER
GLOBAL FACILITY ADDMEM(IEAVECTOR/READ)
SETROPTS GLOBAL(FACILITY)
For more information, see Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table on page
206.
Controlling Access to Program Dumps

Because program dumps can contain sensitive information including controlled
programs in machine form, you should consider limiting access to them. To control
access to program dumps or suppress the dumps entirely, you can use RACF,
operating system facilities (such as SYS1.PARMLIB), JES2, or JES3.
Using RACF to Control Access to Program Dumps

RACF allows you to control access to program dumps selectively. To achieve this
control, you can protect program dumps using either a data set profile or a resource
profile in the FACILITY class for one of the following resources: IEAABD.DMPAUTH
or IEAABD.DMPAKEY.
Protecting Program Dumps Using a Data Set Profile

To protect program dumps using a data set profile:
1. Create a generic profile to protect all dump data sets with a high-level qualifier
of SYS1, specifying a UACC of NONE. Enter:
ADDSD SYS1.DUMP%% UACC(NONE)
2. Permit selected users to access the data sets protected by the SYS1.DUMP%%
profile by adding them to the access list with READ access authority. Enter:
PERMIT SYS1.DUMP%% ID(userid) ACCESS(READ)
Protecting Program Dumps Using the FACILITY Class

Your installation can control the dumping (with SYSUDUMP, SYSABEND, and
SYSMDUMP statements) of address spaces that contain controlled programs by
defining a profile to protect a resource called IEAABD.DMPAUTH in the FACILITY
general resource class.
To control the dumping (with SYSABEND, SYSMDUMP, and SYSUDUMP
statements) of address spaces that have tasks running in a task control block (TCB)
key of less than 8, a profile protecting a resource called IEAABD.DMPAKEY must
be defined in the FACILITY general resource class. IBM recommends that the
profile be defined with UACC(NONE). Then, you can give ACCESS(READ) to
specific users using the PERMIT command.
Example of Defining the IEAABD.DMPAUTH Profile:
1. Define a profile protecting a resource called IEAABD.DMPAUTH in the
FACILITY class:
RDEFINE FACILITY IEAABD.DMPAUTH UACC(READ)
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General Resources
2. If you want to give a user an access authority that is different from the one you
specified on the RDEFINE command (in this example, an access authority of
NONE), enter:
PERMIT IEAABD.DMPAUTH CLASS(FACILITY) ID(ASMITH) ACCESS(NONE)
When you specify an access authority on either the RDEFINE command or

PERMIT command, RACF allows access to program dumps as follows:
v A user who has UPDATE or greater authority to the IEAABD.DMPAUTH
resource can always obtain program dumps.
v A user who has READ authority to the IEAABD.DMPAUTH resource can
obtain program dumps unless a program has been fetched from a library to
which the user has only EXECUTE authority. The user cannot obtain a dump
of a program to which he or she has only EXECUTE authority.
See Using EXECUTE access for programs and libraries in ENHANCED
mode on page 321 for more information.
v A user who has less than READ authority to the IEAABD.DMPAUTH resource
can never obtain program dumps of address spaces that contain controlled
programs.
Example of Defining the IEAABD.DMPAKEY Profile:
1. Define a profile protecting a resource called IEAABD.DMPAKEY in the
FACILITY class:
RDEFINE FACILITY IEAABD.DMPAKEY UACC(NONE)
2. If you want to give a user an access authority that is different from the one you
specified on the RDEFINE command (in this example, an access authority of
READ), enter:
PERMIT IEAABD.DMPAKEY CLASS(FACILITY) ID(ASMITH) ACCESS(READ)
When you specify an access authority on either the RDEFINE command or

PERMIT command, RACF allows access to program dumps as follows:
v A user who has READ or greater authority to the IEAABD.DMPAKEY
resource can obtain program dumps, even when the program is running in a
TCB key that is less than 8.
v A user who has less than READ authority to the IEAABD.DMPAKEY resource
can never obtain program dumps when the program is running in a TCB key
that is less than 8.
Activating the FACILITY Class:
1. If the FACILITY class is not active, activate it as follows:
You only need to issue this command once. When a general resource class is
active, it remains active until your installation deactivates it.
2. To avoid possible deadlocks, issue a SETROPTS RACLIST command for the
FACILITY class.
Example of a Deadlock:
There are several types of deadlocks. This example describes one way a
deadlock can occur.
v Task A of a job is abending.
z/OS needs to check the users authority to produce a dump of the task
and issues RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH.
RACF needs to do I/O to the RACF database to respond to the
RACROUTE request.
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General Resources
v Task B of the same job is already performing a RACF function and has
ENQed the RACF database.
v Task A must wait until task B releases the ENQ.
v Dump processing for task A has set all other tasks in the job
non-dispatchable.
Under normal circumstances, task A could wait for task B to release the ENQ.
However, because dump processing for the abending task prevents task B from
completing, task A cannot proceed. Task B cannot complete until task A
proceeds. This causes a deadlock.
Using Non-RACF Methods to Control Access to Program Dumps

You can control access to program dumps using a variety of non-RACF methods,
whose documentation is beyond the scope of this book. For more information about
suppressing and redirecting dump output, see z/OS MVS Recovery and
Reconfiguration Guide.
Controlling the Allocation of Devices

You can use the DEVICES class to control which users can allocate unit record
devices, teleprocessing or communications devices, and graphics devices. For
example, you can use the DEVICES class to ensure that only authorized users can
allocate devices by name. You cannot use the DEVICES class to protect other
kinds of devices, such as tape or DASD devices.
Note: To control who can log on to terminals, see Protecting Terminals on page
235. To control who can log on to consoles, see Protecting Consoles on
page 239.
To control the allocation of devices, do the following:
1. Plan which devices to protect. You can, for example, protect specific devices
with discrete profiles. You can also protect several devices with generic profiles.
2. Ask your MVS system programmer to supply the following information for each
device to be protected:
v The information that is necessary to specify the name of the profile that is to
protect the device, such as the device class, unit name, and device number.
These terms are described in more detail in step 3.
v The RACF-defined users that can allocate the device that is protected by the
profile.
Note: With this information, you can plan whether to use generic profiles,
discrete profiles, or a combination, to protect the devices on your system.
If you decide to use generic profiles, you must activate generic processing for
this class before you define the profiles.
SETROPTS GENERIC(DEVICES)
3. Create profiles in the DEVICES class:

RDEFINE DEVICES profile-name UACC(NONE)
where profile-name has the following format:

sysid.device-class.unit-name.device-number
where:
sysid
is the system identifier, which is defined on the SYSNAME

value in the IEASYSxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB.
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General Resources
Note: The system identifier is necessary only if different
devices with the same device class, unit name, and
device address can be attached to multiple systems and
have different security requirements. In most cases, you
should specify an asterisk (*) for this qualifier.
device-class
is one of the following UCB device classes:

TP
Teleprocessing or communication devices
UR
Unit record devices
GRAPHIC
Graphic devices
Note: These device classes are consistent with the class

names used on the DISPLAY U operator command.
unit-name
is an esoteric device group (as defined by the installation) or a

generic name (such as 3800) that identifies the device or
devices.
Note: Because a user can allocate a device using either an
esoteric or generic name, you must define profiles that
would protect the device in either case.
For telecommunication devices, use the following list to
determine what unit name should be used. The unit name that
MVS uses for these devices is based on the transmission
control unit (TCU) value of the IODEVICE statement.
TCU Value
Unit Name
TCU=2701
2701
TCU=2702
2702
TCU=2703
2703
For all other devices, see z/OS HCD Planning for unit name
information.
Note: For any device for which MVS does not have a unit
name, MVS uses 8 character zeros (for example,
00000000). Use this as the unit name in the profile name
to provide security for these devices.
device-number is a 4-byte field that supplies the number of a specific device.
For information about I/O device numbers, see z/OS HCD
Planning.
Note: If unit-name identifies an esoteric device group, specify
an asterisk (*) in this qualifier.
Here are some sample profile names for the DEVICES class:
SYS01.GRAPHIC.3277-2.B40
SYS01.TP.3705.3FA
SYS01.UR.3800.00E
SYS01.UR.PRINTER1.*
Specifying UACC(NONE) means that only users who are specifically permitted
to the profile can allocate the device.
4. Give users the appropriate access authority:
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General Resources
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(DEVICES)
ID(userid or groupname) ACCESS(access-authority)

NONE
Does not allow the allocation of the device
READ
Allows the allocation of the device.
5. When you are ready to start using the security provided by these profiles,
activate both the DEVICES class and SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the
class. SETROPTS RACLIST processing helps ensure high performance when
access authorities are checked. You can do these two actions in one command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DEVICES) RACLIST(DEVICES)
Note: Any time you make a change to a DEVICES profile, you must also
refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the DEVICES class for the
change to take effect. For example:
SETROPTS RACLIST(DEVICES) REFRESH
Example 1:
The following commands allow only USER1 to allocate PRINTER1:
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
PERMIT
PERMIT
DEVICES SYS01.UR.PRINTER1.* UACC(NONE)

DEVICES SYS01.UR.3800.00E
UACC(NONE)
SYS01.UR.PRINTER1.* CLASS(DEVICES) ID(USER1) ACCESS(READ)
SYS01.UR.3800.00E
CLASS(DEVICES) ID(USER1) ACCESS(READ)
Example 2:
The following commands allow only group DESIGN1 to allocate graphics devices:
RDEFINE DEVICES SYS01.GRAPHIC.** UACC(NONE)
PERMIT SYS01.GRAPHIC.** CLASS(DEVICES) ID(DESIGN1) ACCESS(READ)
Protecting LLA-Managed Data Sets

You can control which users can issue the START LLA and MODIFY LLA
commands. When a user issues the START LLA and MODIFY LLA commands, the
library lookaside facility (LLA) invokes a RACF authorization check. This is done for
each parameter library data set that LLA needs to access, and for each
LLA-managed data set.
1. If data set profiles for each LLA parameter library data set do not currently exist,
create them. These parameter library data sets are those containing CSVLLAxx
members that specify which libraries LLA is to manage and how it is to manage
them. Make sure each LLA command user (or a group to which the user
belongs) has READ access to all parameter library data sets that you protect.
2. Create profiles in the FACILITY class to protect the LLA-managed data sets.
These data sets are the libraries that are specified in the CSVLLAxx and
LNKLSTxx members of a parameter library. For example:
RDEFINE FACILITY CSVLLA.data-set-name UACC(NONE)
where data-set-name is the name of the LLA-managed data set.

Because of the CSVLLA prefix used on the resource names, and because the
FACILITY class profiles can only be 39 characters long, the data-set-name
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General Resources
portion of this profile is limited to 32 characters. If your data set name is longer
than 32 characters, use generics so that the FACILITY class profile stays within
the 39-character limit.
Notes:
a. You should consider creating the same FACILITY profiles as you did data
set profiles in step 1 on page 255.
b. To have this protection, you must create profiles in the FACILITY class as
well as the DATASET class if you do not have access to the data set
already.
c. The LLA facility first checks the users access through the FACILITY class
profile and, unless this access is allowed, then checks for access through a
data set profile.
3. Give users and groups the appropriate access authority:
PERMIT CSVLLA.data-set-name CLASS(FACILITY)
ID(userid or groupname) ACCESS(access-authority)
This PERMIT command allows users or groups to issue LLA commands for the
specified LLA-managed library. This access authority (access-authority) can be
one of the following:
NONE
Allows no access.
UPDATE
Allows users to work with the data sets using the LLA START
and LLA MODIFY commands.
ALTER
For discrete profiles, allows same access as UPDATE, plus the

ability to change the profile itself. For generic profiles,
equivalent to UPDATE.
4. If you have not already done so, activate the FACILITY class:
Example:
For example, to control all LLA-managed data sets whose high-level qualifier is
CICS, enter:
ADDSD
CICS.* UACC(NONE)
PERMIT CICS.* ID(CICS) ACCESS(READ)
RDEFINE FACILITY CSVLLA.CICS.* UACC(NONE)
PERMIT
CSVLLA.CICS.* CLASS(FACILITY) ID(CICS) ACCESS(UPDATE)
This command sequence allows CICS to issue the LLA MODIFY command for the
LLA-managed data sets whose high-level qualifier is CICS.
Controlling Data Lookaside Facility (DLF) Objects (Hiperbatch)

You can use profiles in the DLFCLASS class to control whether data in QSAM or
VSAM data sets can be stored in a data lookaside facility (DLF) object and
managed by Hiperbatch, an extension to QSAM and VSAM. Hiperbatch can
improve the performance of batch jobs by minimizing I/O to the DASD device on
which the data sets are stored. For more information on DLF objects, see MVS
Hiperbatch Guide.
Profiles in the DLFCLASS general resource class provide the following control
information to DLF:
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General Resources
v The existence of a DLFCLASS profile for a QSAM or VSAM data set identifies
the data set as one that is eligible to be processed as a DLF object.
v The RETAIN field in the DLFDATA segment of the profile allows you to indicate to
DLF whether the object is to be a retained DLF object. The RETAIN field is an
optional field.
v The access list for the profile identifies the users and groups who are allowed to
access the DLF object.
v The JOBNAMES field in the DLFDATA segment of the profile allows you to
further restrict access to the DLF object to specific job names:
When you specify a list of job names, access to the DLF object is allowed
only when the user ID appears in the access list and the specific job name
appears in the job names list.
When you do not specify a list of job names, all jobs submitted by authorized
users (that is, users who are identified in the access list of the profile) can
access the DLF object.
The JOBNAMES field is an optional field.
If you do not include this information in DLFCLASS profiles, your DLF installation
exit must identify the eligible data sets and retained DLF objects, and also verify
user or job name access to a DLF object.
For example, for a QSAM or VSAM data set named PAYROLL.SALARY.DATA, a
DLFCLASS profile named PAYROLL.SALARY.DATA allows data from the data set to
be stored in a DLF object that is used by jobs accessing the data set.
To use RACF to support DLF objects, take the following steps:
1. Create a discrete profile in the DLFCLASS class:
RDEFINE DLFCLASS profile-name UACC(...) DLFDATA(...)
where profile-name is the fully-qualified data set name (do not specify quotes).
The profile must be a discrete profile. For example, for a data set named
PAYROLL.SALARY.DATA, the profile name would be:
PAYROLL.SALARY.DATA
UACC and DLFDATA are optional. Possible options to support a DLF object are:
UACC
Controls access to the DLF object. Access authorities are as

follows:
NONE
Allows no access to the DLF object.
READ
Allows the job to read from the DLF object.
UPDATE
Is equivalent to READ
CONTROL
Is equivalent to READ
ALTER
Allows READ access, and also allows users to

change the profile (if it is a discrete profile).
DLFDATA
v If the DLF object is to be retained, specify RETAIN(YES) in
the DLFDATA operand.
Note: If you do not specify DLFDATA, or if you do not
specify the RETAIN value in the DLFDATA operand,
RETAIN(NO) is defaulted.
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v If access to the DLF object is to be limited to specific jobs,
include the JOBNAMES value in the DLFDATA operand and
list all of the applicable job names, as:
DLFDATA(JOBNAMES(jobname1...))
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for more
details and other options.
2. Give users and groups the appropriate access authority. For example:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(DLFCLASS) ID(userid or groupname)
the DLFCLASS class as follows:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DLFCLASS)
4. For enhanced performance related to the DLFCLASS profiles themselves,

activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing as follows:
SETROPTS RACLIST(DLFCLASS)
Example 1: Limiting Access by Job Name

Users AHLEE and SMITH can both access a DLF object that corresponds to a data
set named SALES.DATA, but they can do this only by submitting jobs whose job
names begin with TAX, or jobs named TOTALS.
Create a profile for the DLF object:
RDEFINE DLFCLASS SALES.DATA DLFDATA(JOBNAMES(TOTALS TAX*)) UACC(NONE)
Give users and groups the appropriate access authority.

PERMIT SALES.DATA CLASS(DLFCLASS) ID(AHLEE SMITH) ACCESS(READ)
If the DLFCLASS class is not active:

Example 2: Not Retaining a DLF Object

An interactive application is invoked many times during the day by many users. This
application makes many I/O operations to data set PAY.DATA. At the end of the day,
the application ends and the need for the DLF object ends. To improve performance
when the application is in use, create a DLFCLASS profile for the data set with
RETAIN(NO) specified.
Create a profile for the DLF object:
RDEFINE DLFCLASS PAY.DATA DLFDATA(RETAIN(NO)) UACC(NONE)
Give appropriate access:

PERMIT PAY.DATA CLASS(DLFCLASS) ID(PAYGRP) ACCESS(READ)
If the DLFCLASS class is not active:

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Using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES Support

The RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES option creates in-storage profiles
in a data space rather than in private storage. It allows multiple address spaces to
share the same set of RACLISTed profiles. Each additional application that issues
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES for the same class can access the
data space already built. Profiles that are globally RACLISTed for a class with
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES can be refreshed simultaneously for
all users by SETROPTS RACLIST(classname) REFRESH. The refresh occurs
without requiring the applications to suspend work.
Classes that are RACLISTed solely by this means are listed in a line in the output
of the SETR LIST command, with the following format:
GLOBAL=YES RACLIST ONLY =
After all applications have given up their access to the RACLIST data space by
issuing RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,ENVIR=DELETE, you can delete the data
space by issuing SETROPTS NORACLIST(classname). Remember that the
SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH and SETROPTS NORACLIST commands
process both the class specified by the command and all valid classes sharing the
same POSIT value as the specified class. Additionally, if the system is enabled for
sysplex communication, the command is propagated to the other members of the
sysplex data sharing group.
For a detailed comparison of the RACROUTE and SETROPTS processes, see
z/OS Security Server RACF Diagnosis Guide.
The RACGLIST Class

RACF uses the RACGLIST class to save the results of in-storage profiles
RACLISTed to a data space from any of the following commands:
v SETROPTS RACLIST
v SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH
v RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES
RACF uses the results from the data space to create or replace profiles named
classname_nnnnn (where nnnnn begins at 00001) in the RACGLIST class. To
enable RACF to use the RACGLIST profiles, the installation must to activate the
RACGLIST class and prime RACGLIST for a specific class by issuing the RDEFINE
RACGLIST classname command, where classname is a valid class name. For
example, if the RACGLIST class name profile is TCICSTRN, RACF creates
additional profiles named TCICSTRN_00001, TCICSTRN_00002, and so forth.
RACF uses these RACGLIST profiles to build the RACLIST data space in any of
the following cases:
v For a subsequent RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES request on a
different system sharing the RACF database
v For SETROPTS RACLIST processing during a system IPL
v After a system IPL by RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES processing
v During the processing of a propagated SETROPTS RACLIST or SETROPTS
RACLIST classname REFRESH command
The RACGLIST class provides a single-system image for security when you use
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES or SETROPTS RACLIST on multiple
systems that are enabled for sysplex communication. All systems and regions using
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a class whose RACLIST results have been saved as classname_nnnnn profiles use
the same data to make security decisions. Any system that performs a RACROUTE
REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES retrieves the same profiles. When several changes
are required for profiles in that class, other systems continue to access the stored
profiles until the administrator completes the changes and tells RACF to refresh the
profiles by issuing SETROPTS RACLIST(classname) REFRESH.
Restrictions:
1. You should use the RACGLIST class only if all systems sharing the RACF
database belong to the same global resource serialization (GRS) complex. See
the appropriate level publication of z/OS MVS Planning: Global Resource
Serialization for information about defining a GRS complex.
2. Using RACGLIST class requires more space for the RACF database. However
it ensures that results of any of the following requests are consistent across all
systems sharing the database:
v RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES
v Propagated SETROPTS RACLIST command
v Propagated SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH command
3. Depending on how your installations database is set up, it may take less
processing time and I/O to read the stored RACLIST results from the
RACGLIST profiles than to retrieve the original discrete and generic profiles for
the class name. RACGLIST processing may improve startup time and system
availability during restarts.
4. If you are using RACGLIST support and your database is being shared by two
or more MVS systems, be sure that SYSZRAC2 is not in the SYSTEMS
exclusion list in SYS1.PARMLIB.
5. The RACGLIST class cannot be used to create copies of profiles in the CDT
class.
|
|
See z/OS Security Server RACF Diagnosis Guide for a detailed description of
RACLIST processing when the RACGLIST class is active.
Administering the Use of Operator Commands

You can control who can issue MVS and JES operator commands regardless of
their point of entry. This includes, for example, commands issued at MCS consoles,
inline within batch JCL, through SVC 34, or through extended console support.
You can use RACF to authorize the following:
v For MCS consoles, you can authorize individual commands, as well as command
groups, to individual operators, groups of operators, or to the consoles.
v For commands issued from NJE nodes and RJE workstations, you can authorize
the node or workstation to individual commands or groups of commands.
In addition, the installation can use generic profiles to define groups of commands.
If RACF is not used, the system defines the groups of commands. For more
information on using MVS and JES to perform command authority checking, see
one of the following books:
v For MVS system commands, see z/OS MVS Planning: Operations.
v For JES2 commands, see z/OS JES2 Initialization and Tuning Guide.
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You can use RACF to perform authority checking for all commands. However,
commands issued from locally attached JES3 consoles are checked using JES3s
authority, not the operators authority. In practice, that would probably limit you to
just auditing those commands.
Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands describes how you can use RACF to
provide command authority checking. z/OS JES3 Initialization and Tuning Guide
describes how to use JES to provide command authority checking.
Note: If SDSF is installed on your system, OPERCMDS profiles control which
action characters and overtypeable fields users can enter on SDSF panels.
For complete information on creating OPERCMDS profiles for use with
SDSF, see z/OS SDSF Operation and Customization.
Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands

You can control which groups of users (system programmers and operators) can
issue commands. You can use RACF to authorize or restrict users from entering
some or all commands, or specific variations of commands, or the consoles from
which commands can be entered.
To control the use of operator commands, create profiles in the appropriate RACF
classes that enable RACF command authorization. The specific RACF classes that
you must activate depend on the input source that you want to protect. Table 22
lists the RACF classes that must be activated for each input source.
Table 22. RACF Classes Used to Authorize Operator Commands
Source of Commands:
RACF Security Class to Activate:
Procedure:
Operator commands (except when

from remote workstations or NJE
nodes)
OPERCMDS
Controlling the Use of Operator

Commands on page 262
Commands from remote workstations

(require additional setup)
OPERCMDS, FACILITY
Commands from RJE Work Stations

on page 512
Commands from NJE nodes (require

additional setup)
OPERCMDS, FACILITY
Commands from NJE Nodes on

page 512
Commands entered through, or

generated by, SDSF
OPERCMDS, CONSOLE
Administering the Use of Operator

Commands on page 260
Command Authorization in an MCS Sysplex

If a critical system problem occurs in a multiple console support (MCS) sysplex,
operators must issue commands to correct the problem. This problem may inhibit
access to the RACF database, so MCS saves the security environment in the
security object (ENVR) and uses it to perform authorization processing against the
OPERCMDS profiles. This way, no access to the RACF database is required at the
time.
In order to accomplish this, RACF must be able to successfully process the security
object (ENVR) indicated by the ENVRIN value of the RACROUTE
REQUEST=VERIFY macro used for OPERCMDS authorization processing. In a
sysplex having mixed managers, this means that commands routed to systems that
use RACF must be issued from systems that use RACF. Therefore, the installation
must define MCS consoles so that at least one console attached to a system using
RACF is available to issue commands to another system using RACF.
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This also means that no refreshing of the list of groups is done. The user ID
associated with the MCS console must be reinitialized whenever its user and group
data or connections are changed. See z/OS MVS Planning: Operations for more
details on MCS command authority checking and how to refresh the security
environment.
The user and group names are not verified against the database when the security
environment is used from another system. All systems in a sysplex should use the
same RACF database. This will provide consistent user, group, and OPERCMD
profiles and will ensure accurate authorization checking. In addition, definitions for
security categories (members of the CATEGORY profile in the SECDATA general
resource class) are likely to cause problems if all systems do not use the same
RACF database.
Controlling the Use of Operator Commands

To control the use of operator commands, do the following:
1. Ask your system programmer for the following information:
a. The subsystem and resource name associated with the command to be
authorized. The resource names are described in the following books:
v For MVS system commands, see z/OS MVS Planning: Operations.
v For RACF operator commands, you need to define profiles in the
OPERCMDS class to control authorization.
Attention
If you dont define profiles for them, these commands cannot be
protected. Anyone at a master console or a console with system
authority would be able to use these commands. However, except
for the DISPLAY command, which does no additional authority
checking, these commands check the consoles attributes if no
profile is found and can still fail the request. For the DISPLAY
command, you should specify READ authority.
Table 23. RACF Operator Command Profiles: Naming Conventions
Command
Resource Name
DISPLAY
subsystem-name.DISPLAY.SIGNON
Any profile in the OPERCMDS class covering this resource name protects
the DISPLAY command, for example:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.DISPLAY.SIGNON
RESTART
subsystem-name.RESTART
the RESTART command, for example:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.RESTART
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Table 23. RACF Operator Command Profiles: Naming Conventions (continued)
Command
Resource Name
SET
subsystem-name.SET.AUTOAPPL
subsystem-name.SET.AUTODIRECT
subsystem-name.SET.AUTOPWD
subsystem-name.SET.INCLUDE
subsystem-name.SET.JESNODE
subsystem-name.SET.LIST
subsystem-name.SET.PWSYNC
subsystem-name.SET.TRACE
To protect the SET LIST command, for example:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.SET.LIST
Note: No OPERCMDS authority check is performed if the SET command is
issued from a RACF parameter library member.
SIGNOFF
subsystem-name.SIGNOFF
the SIGNOFF command, for example:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.SIGNOFF
STOP
subsystem-name.STOP
the STOP command, for example:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.STOP
TARGET
subsystem-name.TARGET.DESCRIPTION
subsystem-name.TARGET.LIST
subsystem-name.TARGET.LOCAL
subsystem-name.TARGET.NODE
subsystem-name.TARGET.OPERATIVE
Note: TARGET.OPERATIVE also protects the DELETE and DORMANT
operands.
subsystem-name.TARGET.PREFIX
subsystem-name.TARGET.PROTOCOL
subsystem-name.TARGET.PURGE
subsystem-name.TARGET.WDSQUAL
subsystem-name.TARGET.WORKSPACE
To protect the TARGET LIST command, for example:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.TARGET.LIST
Note: No OPERCMDS authority check is performed if the TARGET
command is issued from a RACF parameter library member.
Table 24. RACF TSO Commands Entered as Operator Commands: Naming Conventions
Command
Resource Name
ADDGROUP or AG
subsystem-name.ADDGROUP
ADDSD or AD
subsystem-name.ADDSD
ADDUSER or AU
subsystem-name.ADDUSER
ALTDSD or ALD
subsystem-name.ALTDSD
ALTGROUP or AG
subsystem-name.ALTGROUP
ALTUSER or ALU
subsystem-name.ALTUSER
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Table 24. RACF TSO Commands Entered as Operator Commands: Naming
Conventions (continued)
Command
Resource Name
CONNECT or CO
subsystem-name.CONNECT
DELDSD or DD
subsystem-name.DELDSD
DELGROUP or DG
subsystem-name.DELGROUP
DELUSER or DU
subsystem-name.DELUSER
LISTDSD or LD
subsystem-name.LISTDSD
LISTGRP or LG
subsystem-name.LISTGRP
LISTUSER or LU
subsystem-name.LISTUSER
PASSWORD or PW
subsystem-name.PASSWORD
PERMIT or PE
subsystem-name.PERMIT
RACLINK
subsystem-name.RACLINK
RALTER or RALT
subsystem-name.RALTER
RDEFINE or RDEF
subsystem-name.RDEFINE
RDELETE or RDEL
subsystem-name.RDELETE
REMOVE or RE
subsystem-name.REMOVE
RLIST or RL
subsystem-name.RLIST
SEARCH or SR
subsystem-name.SEARCH
SETROPTS or SETR
subsystem-name.SETROPTS
Notes:
1) RACF first checks that the operator issuing the TSO command is
defined to RACF and if not, an error message is issued. If the operator
is defined to RACF, a check is made to a profile in the OPERCMDS
class to determine if the user ID has authority to issue the TSO
command as an operator command. If the OPERCMDS class is not
active, or if no OPERCMDS profile exists, the user will be allowed to
issue the command as an operator command.
2) Existing command authorization is still enforced. For example, you must
be a SPECIAL user to issue the SETROPTS INITSTATS command.
3) READ access is required to all the resource names shown in Table 24
on page 263 with the exception of SETROPTS. If SETROPTS LIST is
issued with no other operands, READ access is sufficient. However, if
any other SETROPTS option is issued, with or without also specifying
LIST, UPDATE access is required.
4) If your installation renames any RACF TSO commands, they are still
protected under the resource names shown in Table 24 on page 263.
For example, if you renamed ADDGROUP as ADDBUNCH, RACF would
still use subsystem-name.ADDGROUP as the resource name.
Other examples of defining profiles in the OPERCMDS class follow:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.SIGNOFF.** UACC(NONE)
PERMIT RACF.SIGNOFF.** CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(DJONES) ACCESS(UPDATE)
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.DISPLAY.SIGNON.** UACC(NONE)
PERMIT RACF.DISPLAY.SIGNON.** CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(DJONES) ACCESS(UPDATE)
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The base command or resource names are SIGNOFF and
DISPLAY.SIGNON. Although SIGNON is not required at the console
(because it is the default), it must be specified in the resource name to
protect the DISPLAY command.
The RVARY command cannot be protected by profiles in the OPERCMDS
class. This is intentional during recovery; RACF must not be allowed to
attempt to access the database. The RVARY command is always protected
by an operator prompt, regardless of whether it is entered from TSO or as
an operator command.
b. The UACC to be associated with the command.
c. The user IDs of the operators or the group names of the groups of operators
to whom you want to grant authority.
d. For each operator or group of operators:
v The access authority to be assigned to the operator or group of
operators.
v Any restrictions on which consoles the operators must be using when
issuing certain commands. To do this, create profiles for consoles in the
CONSOLE class and then specify the WHEN(CONSOLE) operand on the
PERMIT command. See Conditional Access Lists for General Resource
Profiles on page 205.
Note: To authorize a console to a command or group of commands, create a
RACF user profile for the console and place the consoles user ID (or a
RACF group to which the user ID is connected) in the access list of the
OPERCMDS profile.
2. Use the RDEFINE command to create profiles for the commands:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS profile-name UACC(NONE)
where profile-name is:

subsystem-name.command[.qualifier]
where:
subsystem-name
is the name of the processing environment of

the command (such as MVS, JES2, JES3, or
RACF)
command
is the name of the command
qualifier
is the type of object the command specifies

(JOB or SYS, for example) or an operand of the
command (LIST, for example)
In these examples, you would first issue SETROPTS GENERIC(OPERCMDS)
to turn generics on for the OPERCMDS class and then issue SETROPTS
REFRESH:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS JES3.CALL.**
UACC(NONE)
RDEFINE OPERCMDS RACF.TARGET.LIST UACC(NONE)
Notes:
a. When an operator issues a command that the subsystem doesnt recognize,
the subsystem checks for a profile named subsystem-name.UNKNOWN. To
handle these commands, create a profile named:
v MVS.UNKNOWN with UACC(READ) for MVS
v JES2.UNKNOWN or JES3.UNKNOWN with UACC(NONE) for JES
v RACF.UNKNOWN with UACC(NONE) for RACF
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Your security policy may require auditing of all commands issued, even if
they are not valid on your system. You can audit these commands by
specifying AUDIT(ALL) on these profiles.
3. For each controlled command, grant access to the users or groups who need to
use it:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(user or group ACCESS(access-authority)
For example:
PERMIT JES3.CALL.DSP.** CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(OPER7 OPER24) ACCESS(UPDATE)
4. When you are ready to start controlling access to commands based on the
profiles you have defined, activate the OPERCMDS class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(OPERCMDS) RACLIST(OPERCMDS)
Example of Controlling Who Can Issue MVS Commands

The following example shows how to use the OPERCMDS class to control who can
display and cancel jobs in your installation.
Suppose you want to let anyone display jobs but you want to restrict the task of
cancelling jobs to a group of MVS operators. All of the MVS operators you want to
authorize have RACF-defined user IDs connected to a group called OPERGRP.
According to z/OS MVS Planning: Operations, to authorize a user to issue the MVS
DISPLAY JOBS command, you must give the user READ access to a resource
named MVS.DISPLAY.JOB in the OPERCMDS class. To authorize a user to issue
the MVS CANCEL command for all jobs, you must give the user UPDATE access to
a resource named MVS.CANCEL.JOB.** in the OPERCMDS class.
To grant these authorizations, enter:
SETROPTS GENERIC(OPERCMDS) REFRESH
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
OPERCMDS MVS.DISPLAY.JOB UACC(READ)

OPERCMDS MVS.CANCEL.JOB.** UACC(NONE)
PERMIT
MVS.CANCEL.JOB.** CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(OPERGRP) ACCESS(UPDATE)
SETROPTS CLASSACT(OPERCMDS)
SETROPTS RACLIST(OPERCMDS) REFRESH
SETROPTS GENERIC(OPERCMDS) REFRESH
Now, anyone can display a job, but only the operators in OPERGRP can cancel a
job.
Controlling the Use of Remote Sharing Functions

You can control the use of most RACF remote sharing facility (RRSF) functions
through profiles in the RRSFDATA class.
When you set up RRSF, you need to think on a network level, rather than on a
node level. For example, suppose users cant define associations or synchronize
passwords on NODE1, but they can on NODE2. Susan has user IDs on NODE1
and NODE2. On NODE2, she can create an association with her NODE1 user ID
and synchronize password changes she makes on NODE2 with her NODE1 user
ID. She gets an association on NODE1 even though NODE1 doesnt allow her to
set them up, and gets 1-way password synchronization to her NODE1 user ID,
even though NODE1 doesnt allow password synchronization.
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Controlling Access to the RACLINK Command

You can control whether users can issue the RACLINK command to establish user
ID associations and enable password synchronization.
Controlling the Use of the RACLINK DEFINE Operand

RACLINK commands that specify the DEFINE operand are subject to a security
check to determine if the command issuer is authorized to issue RACLINK DEFINE
to the specified node. Because use of the DEFINE operand is controlled at a node
level, the local node and all target nodes defined to it must have appropriate
profiles.
To allow a user ID association to be made to a specific node, create a profile in the
RRSFDATA class to protect a resource called RACLINK.DEFINE.node, where node
is the node name.
The request issuer needs to have READ access to the resource. The request will
fail if:
1. The RRSFDATA class is inactive.
2. There is no RRSFDATA profile protecting RACLINK.DEFINE.node for the
specified node.
3. The command issuer is not properly authorized to the resource.
Controlling the Use of the RACLINK PWSYNC Operand

RACLINK commands that specify the PWSYNC operand are subject to a security
check to determine if the command issuer is authorized to request password
synchronization with user IDs that are on the specified node. Because password
synchronization is controlled at a node level, the local node and all target nodes
defined to it must have appropriate profiles.
To allow password synchronization to occur with user IDs on a specific node, create
a profile in the RRSFDATA class to protect a resource called
RACLINK.PWSYNC.node, where node is the node name.
When you issue a request to create an association with password synchronization,
you need to have:
v The authority to issue the RACLINK DEFINE command with PWSYNC specified
v READ access to the RACLINK.DEFINE.node and RACLINK.PWSYNC.node
resources
The request will fail if:
2. There is no RRSFDATA profile protecting RACLINK.PWSYNC.node for the
specified node.
3. You do not have READ access to the RACLINK.DEFINE.node and
RACLINK.PWSYNC.node resources.
Controlling Password Synchronization

To activate password synchronization, issue the SET PWSYNC command. See
z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for more information.
The PWSYNC profile in the RRSFDATA class further controls password
synchronization. With this profile, you can enable or disable password
synchronization for users with PEER PWSYNC associations on an RRSF node.
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A user must be permitted with READ access so that PWSYNC requests for the user
are processed successfully. Or, if no permit has been done for the user (or a group
the user connected to), you can give the PWSYNC profile a UACC of READ, which
enables password synchronization for all users who have approved PEER
associations with PWSYNC. If the RACF RRSFDATA class is not active, or the
PWSYNC profile has not been defined, password synchronization will not occur
even for the users with established associations.
The PWSYNC profile does not initiate password synchronization. Users must have
approved associations with password synchronization enabled. Using this profile,
you can decide which users password changes should be synchronized.
To enable password synchronization for users with RACLINK PEER PWSYNC
associations and disable automatic password direction:
SET PWSYNC NOAUTOPWD
You can also use the PWSYNC profile to control password synchronization at a
system level. For example, to turn off password synchronization without having to
delete all of the existing user ID associations, delete the PWSYNC profile, or, give it
a UACC of NONE with no users on the access list. To turn off password
synchronization, you can specify SET NOPWSYNC. See z/OS Security Server
RACF Command Language Reference for details.
Controlling the Use of the AT Operand

Commands that specify the AT operand are subject to a security check to determine
if the command issuer is authorized to direct RACF TSO commands to the specified
node. Because command direction is controlled at a node level, the local node and
all target nodes defined to it must have appropriate profiles.
To allow command direction to a specific node, create a profile in the RRSFDATA
class to protect a resource called DIRECT.node, where node is the node name.
The request issuer needs to have READ access to the resource. The request will
fail if:
2. There is no RRSFDATA profile protecting DIRECT.node for the specified node.
3. The command issuer is not properly authorized to the resource.
For information on implementing command direction using the AT operand, see
Directing Commands Using the AT Option on page 396.
Controlling the Use of the ONLYAT Operand

Commands that specify the ONLYAT operand are subject to a security check to
determine if the command issuer is authorized as follows:
v The command issuer and the target user ID must be SPECIAL.
v No user ID association is required if the target user ID is the same as the
command issuer. The user IDs can be on different nodes.
v If the target user ID is different from the command issuer, a user ID association
between the command issuer and the target user ID is required. This prevents a
SPECIAL user from unauthorized use of another remote SPECIAL user ID.
For information on implementing command direction using the AT operand, see
Directing Commands Using the ONLYAT Option on page 399.
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Controlling Automatic Direction

You can control automatic direction of commands, passwords, and application
updates through profiles in the RRSFDATA class. These are also controlled at a
system level through the AUTODIRECT, AUTOPWD, and AUTOAPPL operands of
the SET command. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for details.
Controlling Automatic Direction of Commands

Profiles in the RRSFDATA class control which commands are automatically directed
to which nodes. The resource name format is:
AUTODIRECT.target-node.classname.command-name
where:
target-node
Is the remote node where the command is to be directed.
classname
Is the class name associated with the command issued. The class
name can be USER, GROUP, DATASET, or any general resource
class defined in the class descriptor table (CDT).
command-name
Is the name of the command issued.
The use of these profiles provides security for automatic command direction. An
authorization check is made against these resource names to determine if the user
is allowed to automatically direct the specified command. The command is directed
to the remote node if:
v The RRSFDATA class has been activated.
v SET AUTODIRECT is in effect.
v There is a profile for the resource name associated with the command.
v The command issuer has at least READ access to that resource.
Table 25 lists the resource name for each RACF command that can be used with
automatic command direction.
Table 25. Automatic Command Direction: Resource Names
Command
Class
Resource Name
ADDUSER or AU
USER
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.ADDUSER
ALTUSER or ALU
USER
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.ALTUSER
CONNECT or CO
USER
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.CONNECT
DELUSER or DU
USER
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.DELUSER
PASSWORD or PW
USER
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.USER.PASSWORD
REMOVE or RE
USER
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.REMOVE
ADDGROUP or AG
GROUP
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.GROUP.ADDGROUP
ALTGROUP or ALG
GROUP
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.GROUP.ALTGROUP
DELGROUP or DG
GROUP
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.GROUP.DELGROUP
ADDSD or AD
DATASET
AUTODIRECT.target-node.DATASET.ADDSD
ALTDSD or ALD
DATASET
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.DATASET.ALTDSD
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Table 25. Automatic Command Direction: Resource Names (continued)
Command
Class
Resource Name
DELDSD or DD
DATASET
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.DATASET.DELDSD
PERMIT or PE
any general resource

class or DATASET
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.classname.PERMIT
RALTER or RALT

class
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.classname.RALTER
RDEFINE or RDEF

class
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.classname.RDEFINE
RDELETE or RDEL

class
AUTODIRECT.targetnode.classname.RDELETE
SETROPTS or SETR
none (use RACF)
AUTODIRECT.target-node.RACF.SETROPTS
Notes:
1. To activate automatic command direction, issue the SET AUTODIRECT
command. See Automatic Direction on page 399 and z/OS Security Server
RACF Command Language Reference for more information.
2. Automatic command direction occurs only at the command level. You cannot
direct a command operand or segment information for a command. For
example, if you direct the ADDUSER command, you direct all ADDUSER
commands, including the TSO, DFP, and OPERPARM segment information. You
cannot specify automatic command direction for only the TSO segment
information in the ADDUSER command.
3. You can use generic profiles to define these profiles. No commands will be
directed if the RRSFDATA class is inactive or if no RRSFDATA profiles that
protect AUTODIRECT exist.
4. These profiles are only checked on the node where the command was issued.
Once the command is directed to another node, no authorization check is made
against these profiles on the receiving node.
5. Profiles for turning on automatic direction of passwords and application updates
are similar. Therefore, using * for the command names will turn on these
functions, too.
6. If your installation renames any RACF TSO commands, they are still protected
under the resource names shown in Table 25 on page 269. For example, if you
renamed ADDGROUP as ADDBUNCH, RACF would still use
AUTODIRECT.target-node.GROUP.ADDGROUP as the resource name.
Sample Automatic Command Direction Profiles: You can activate automatic
direction of commands without activating automatic direction of application updates
by using SET AUTODIRECT NOAUTOAPPL. You can also turn off password
propagation by issuing the SET AUTODIRECT NOAUTOPWD command. See z/OS
Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for details.
Some examples of using profiles to control automatic command direction follow. For
each example, assume that no other profiles beginning with AUTODIRECT are
present in the RRSFDATA class.
v To disable automatic command direction for TAPEVOL profiles and direct all
other commands to all remote nodes:
AUTODIRECT.*.TAPEVOL.*
AUTODIRECT.**
UACC(NONE), no users on access list

UACC(READ), no users on access list
v To direct ADDUSER commands issued by BOB to all remote nodes:
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AUTODIRECT.*.USER.ADDUSER
UACC(NONE), BOB on access list with READ access
v To disable automatic command direction for TAPEVOL and RRSFDATA profiles

and direct all other commands to all remote nodes:
AUTODIRECT.*.RRSFDATA.*
AUTODIRECT.**

v To enable automatic command direction only to NODE1 for the USER and
GROUP classes:
AUTODIRECT.NODE1.USER.*
AUTODIRECT.NODE1.GROUP.*
AUTODIRECT.**

Controlling Automatic Direction of Passwords

Profiles in the RRSFDATA class control which passwords get automatically directed
to which nodes. The format for the resource names is:
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.PWSYNC
where:
target-node
Is the remote node where the command is to be directed
These profiles provide security for automatic password direction. An authorization

check is made against these resource names to determine if the users password
can be synchronized automatically. The password change will be directed to the
remote node if:
v SET AUTOPWD is in effect.
v The RRSFDATA class has been activated.
v There is a profile to cover the resource name:
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.PWSYNC
v The user changing the password has at least READ access to that resource.
You can use generic profiles to define these profiles. If the RRSFDATA class is
inactive or if no RRSFDATA profile that protects AUTODIRECT.targetnode.USER.PWSYNC exists, password changes are not directed automatically.
The RRSFDATA profile that protects AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.PWSYNC is
only checked on the node where the password is originally changed. Once the
password change is directed to another node, no authorization check is made on
the receiving node.
Sample Automatic Password Direction Profiles: Some examples of using
profiles to control automatic password direction follow. For each example, assume
that no other profiles beginning with AUTODIRECT are present in the RRSFDATA
class.
v To enable password synchronization for users with RACLINK PEER PWSYNC
associations:
PWSYNC
AUTODIRECT.*.USER.PWSYNC
UACC(READ)
UACC(NONE)
AUTODIRECT.*.USER.PWSYNC is not required, but if you have other profiles

that protect AUTODIRECT, this prevents automatic password direction.
v To enable automatic password direction for users without RACLINK associations:
PWSYNC
AUTODIRECT.*.USER.PWSYNC
UACC(NONE)
UACC(READ)
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v To enable automatic password direction for users without RACLINK associations
to node MVS1:
PWSYNC
AUTODIRECT.MVS1.USER.PWSYNC
UACC(NONE)
UACC(READ)
Controlling Automatic Direction of Application Updates

Profiles, including generic profiles, in the RRSFDATA class control which application
updates get automatically directed to which nodes. The format for the resource
names for USER, GROUP, class descriptor table (CDT) classes, and some
DATASET updates is:
AUTODIRECT.target-node.classname.APPL
where:
target-node
Is the remote node the update is to be propagated to
classname
Is the class name associated with the update. This is USER,

GROUP, any general resource class, or DATASET for updates not
covered by the AUTODASD and AUTOTAPE profiles.
The formats when you are using this syntax for automatic direction of application
updates in the DATASET class are:
AUTODIRECT.target-node.DATASET.APPL
AUTODASD.target-node.DATASET.APPL
AUTOTAPE.target-node.DATASET.APPL
where:
target-node
Is the remote node the update is to be propagated to
Use AUTODIRECT.target-node.DATASET.APPL to control automatic direction of

application updates for DATASET when the request is RACROUTE
REQUEST=EXTRACT, RACXTRT, or ICHEINTY.
Use AUTODASD when:
v The request is a RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE or a RACDEF.
v The CLASS value is set to, or defaults to, DATASET.
v The DSTYPE value is not T.
Use AUTOTAPE when:
v The request is a RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE or a RACDEF.
v The CLASS value is set to, or defaults to, DATASET.
v The DSTYPE value is T.
These profiles provide security for automatic direction of application updates. An
authorization check is made against these resource names to determine if the user
is allowed to make these updates. The application updates are directed to the
remote node if:
v Automatic direction has been activated using SET AUTOAPPL.
v The RRSFDATA class is active.
v There is a profile to cover the resource name AUTODIRECT.targetnode.classname.APPL, AUTODASD.target-node.DATASET.APPL, or
AUTOTAPE.target-node.DATASET.APPL.
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General Resources
v The user directing the application update has at least READ access to that
resource.
The RRSFDATA profile that protects AUTODIRECT.target-node.classname.APPL,
AUTODASD.target-node.DATASET.APPL, or AUTOTAPE.targetnode.DATASET.APPL is only checked on the node where the update originates.
Once the update is propagated to another node, no AUTODIRECT authorization
check is made on the receiving node.
Suppression of Private Key Information Propagation: When automatic direction
of application updates is enabled, RACF database changes initiated by RACDCERT
are propagated to other systems. These changes include additions, alterations, and
deletions of certificates. However, private key information contained in the following
fields of general resource profiles in DIGTCERT class is not propagated:
|
CERTPRVK
Private key (whether stored in RACF or in ICSF)
CERTPRVS
Private key size
CERTPRVT
Private key type
Sample Automatic Direction of Application Updates: Some examples of using

profiles to control automatic application update direction follow. For each example,
assume that no other profiles beginning with AUTODIRECT are present in the
RRSFDATA class.
v To disallow both automatic direction of commands and automatic direction of
application updates for TAPEVOL and RRSFDATA profiles, disallow automatic
updates for TAPEVOL and RRSFDATA profiles, disallow automatic direction of
application updates for all DATASET profiles, and allow all other updates to
propagate to all remote nodes:
AUTOTAPE.*.DATASET.*
with UACC(NONE) and no users on access list

with UACC(NONE) and no users on access list
AUTODIRECT.**
AUTODASD*.**
with UACC(READ) and no users on access list

v The following RRSFDATA profiles allow both automatic direction of commands

and automatic direction of application updates only to NODEA for the USER and
GROUP classes. In this example, no AUTOTAPE or AUTODASD profiles are
defined. This gives the same results as defining the profiles with a UACC of
NONE (updates are not propagated):
AUTODIRECT.NODEA.USER.*
AUTODIRECT.NODEA.GROUP.*

Establishing Security for the RACF Parameter Library

The RACF parameter library should be protected appropriately through the use of a
DATASET profile. No OPERCMDS authority check is performed for commands
issued from within a RACF parameter library member. Commands issued from
within a RACF parameter library run with the authority of the RACF subsystem
address space.
Controlling Message Traffic

You can control whether users can receive messages sent with the TSO SEND
command by defining resources in the SMESSAGE class.
Notes:
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General Resources
v Use of the SMESSAGE class is intended primarily as an audit mechanism for
multilevel-secure environments. By itself, the SMESSAGE class does not control
all means of communication among users on the system.
v When the SMESSAGE class is active and a profile does not exist for the
specified user, the message request completes normally.
v When the SECLABEL class is active, the receiver of the message must pass the
security label authorization check based on the receivers current security label
and the security label of the message (which was set by the senders current
security label at the time that the sender sent the message.)
v Security label checking for messages is available through the DIRAUTH class.
See z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria for more
information.
To control message traffic, do the following:
1. For each user for which you wish to control message traffic, create a profile in
the SMESSAGE class:
RDEFINE SMESSAGE receiving-userid UACC(NONE)

PERMIT receiving-userid CLASS(SMESSAGE) ID(sending-userid-or-group)

NONE
Prevents users and groups in the access list from sending

messages to the user whose ID is the profile name
READ
Allows users and groups in the access list to send messages to

the user whose ID is the profile name.
activate both the SMESSAGE class and SETROPTS RACLIST processing for
the class. SETROPTS RACLIST processing helps ensure high performance
when access authorities are checked. You can do these actions in one
command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(SMESSAGE) RACLIST(SMESSAGE)
Any time you make a change to an SMESSAGE profile, you must also refresh
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the SMESSAGE class for the change to
take effect. For example:
SETROPTS RACLIST(SMESSAGE) REFRESH
4. Optionally, if you have implemented security labels, you can enable security
label checking for messages by issuing the following command. You do not
need to define any resources in the DIRAUTH class to implement security label
checking.
|
|
|
|
|
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DIRAUTH)
Controlling the Opening of VTAM ACBs

With VTAM 3.3 and beyond, you can control which users can open the application
control block (ACB) indicated by a VTAM application program when the user is not
running an APF-authorized program or command processor. For more information,
see z/OS Communications Server: SNA Programming.
1. Ask your VTAM system programmer for the following information:
v The names of the VTAM application programs whose use is to be controlled
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v The names of RACF-defined users and groups who are to have access to
those programs.
2. Create profiles in the VTAMAPPL class:
RDEFINE VTAMAPPL acb-name UACC(NONE)
where acb-name is the ACBNAME value on the APPL statement that applies to
this ACB. (An ACB name is also called an LU name or a VTAM application
name.)
3. Give users and groups the appropriate access authority:
PERMIT acb-name CLASS(VTAMAPPL)
ID(userid or groupname)

NONE
Prevents users from opening the ACB
READ
Allows users to open the ACB
UPDATE
Is the same as READ
CONTROL
Is the same as READ
ALTER
Allows READ access, and also allows users to change the

profile (if it is a discrete profile).
both the VTAMAPPL class and SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the class.
You can do these two actions in one command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(VTAMAPPL) RACLIST(VTAMAPPL)
Note: Any time you make a change to a VTAMAPPL profile, you must also
refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the VTAMAPPL class for
the change to take effect.
RACF and PSF (Print Services Facility)

If Print Services Facility for OS/390 is installed, and the SECLABEL class is active,
you can control how printed output is affected as follows:
v The separator pages (the job header and trailer) are always printed with the PSF
identification label associated with the security label of the user data and cannot
be falsified by a user. Printing of separator pages can be suppressed by the
operator or the system programmer, but not by the print-job submitter.
v Data page labeling is in effect for the user data pages. This means that the PSF
identification label associated with the security label of the user data is printed on
all pages of printed output. By granting READ access to the PSF.DPAGELBL
resource in the PSFMPL class, you can selectively allow users to stop the
printing of PSF identification labels in printed output.
v On certain printers, end user data can be printed only in a system-defined user
printable area. This function allows the PSF identification label to print end use
data outside the system-defined user printable area.
Note: PSF print labeling support depends on the type of printer being used.
For specific information on PSF printers and information on using RACF to provide
security for PSF, see PSF for z/OS: Security Guide.
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Auditing When Users Receive Message Traffic

You can audit when users receive data sent with the TSO SEND command or the
TPUT macro, or received using the LISTBC command.
The following procedure sets up this auditing:
1. A user with the SPECIAL attribute activates the DIRAUTH class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DIRAUTH)
Note: No profiles are needed in the DIRAUTH class.

2. A user with the AUDITOR attribute requests that auditing be done each time a
user receives data:
SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS(ALWAYS(DIRAUTH))
To stop auditing the DIRAUTH class, enter:

SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS(NEVER(DIRAUTH))
RACF and APPC

RACF provides support to APPC in several ways:
v User verification during APPC transactions
v Support of persistent verification signed_on_from lists
v Protection of APPC transaction programs
v Protection of APPC server IDs (APPCSERV)
v LU security capabilities
For more information about APPC, see z/OS MVS Planning: APPC/MVS
Management.
User Verification during APPC Transactions

When APPC/MVS receives a request to allocate an APPC transaction program, it
uses RACF to verify the user ID and password (if any) to be associated with that
transaction.
The verification also includes checking the users authority to use both the partner
LU and the local LU to which the transaction request was routed.
Partner LU as Port of Entry (POE)

You can use the APPCPORT general resource class to protect the port of entry
(POE). There are two possible formats for the resource name in the APPCPORT
class:
v If the APPC LU definition has enabled network-qualified names support (by
specifying the NQN option on the LUADD statement), the format for the resource
name is:
netid.luname
where:
netid
Is a network name consisting of 18 characters. The first

character must be alphabetic.
luname
Is an LU name consisting of 18 characters.
v If APPC network-qualified names support is not enabled, the format for the
resource name is:
luname
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General Resources
where:
luname
Is an LU name consisting of 18 characters. The first character

must be alphabetic.
Failure to specify the correct LU name format could result in a security exposure.
For more detailed information, see z/OS MVS Planning: APPC/MVS Management.
Local LU Name as Application (APPL)

RACF uses the APPL class to control the attach request. For more detailed
information, see z/OS MVS Planning: APPC/MVS Management.
Protection of APPC/MVS Transaction Programs (TPs)

The security administrator can define profiles to the APPCTP class to protect APPC
applications in which the outbound transaction program issues an allocate request
for an inbound transaction program on MVS. For more detailed information, see
z/OS MVS Planning: APPC/MVS Management.
Example:
The following example illustrates how you can use the RDEFINE command to
define a transaction program profile named FINANC1.SMITH.ACCTPAYABLETP
and specify a UACC of READ. A UACC of READ allows all users to access the
transaction program and their keys.
RDEFINE APPCTP FINANC1.SMITH.ACCTPAYABLETP UACC(READ)
You can protect a transaction program by specifying a UACC of NONE. You can
then create an access list that contains only those users who need access. The
following example shows how you can define a transaction program profile named
FINANC1.SMITH.ACCTPAYABLETP and give it a UACC of NONE:
RDEFINE APPCTP FINANC1.SMITH.ACCTPAYABLETP UACC(NONE)
After you protect the transaction program with a UACC of NONE, you can use the
PERMIT command to define entries in the transaction program profiles access list.
The following example shows how to use the PERMIT command to create entries in
the access list of transaction program profile FINANC1.SMITH.ACCTPAYABLETP
for users USERA and USERB, giving them each an access authority of READ:
PERMIT FINANC1.SMITH.ACCTPAYABLETP CLASS(APPCTP) ID(USERA USERB) ACCESS(READ)
The following example illustrates how you can use the RDEFINE command to
define a CPI-C side information profile named TOOLS1.SYS1.SDLU1234 and
specify a UACC of READ, which allows all users to read CPI-C side information.
RDEFINE APPCSI TOOLS1.SYS1.SDLU1234 UACC(READ)
You can protect CPI-C side information by specifying a UACC of NONE. You can
then create an access list containing only users who need access. The following
example shows how you can define a CPI-C side information profile named
TOOLS1.SYS1.SDLU1234 and give it a UACC of NONE:
RDEFINE APPCSI TOOLS1.SYS1.SDLU1234 UACC(NONE)
After you protect CPI-C side information with a UACC of NONE, you can use the
PERMIT command to define entries in the CPI-C side information profiles access
list. The following example shows how to use the PERMIT command to create
entries in the access list of CPI-C side information profile TOOLS1.SYS1.SDLU1234
for users USERA and USERB, giving them each an access authority of READ:
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General Resources
PERMIT TOOLS1.SYS1.SDLU1234 CLASS(APPCSI) ID(USERA USERB) ACCESS(READ)
LU Security Capabilities
You can specify the conversation security you want to receive in the APPCLU
profile that covers a session.
Conversation Security Options

The conversation security options are stored in the CONVSEC field in the
SESSION segment of the APPCLU general resource profile. CONVSEC specifies
the information that is sent to the partner LU during BIND, and indicates what
conversation security options are acceptable to this LU.
Origin LU Authorization
You can use the APPL general resource class to protect conversations between
partner LUs. This support provides the ability to grant or deny access on the basis
of the identity of both the user and the LU from which the users request originated.
An example of how a security administrator would define origin LU authorization is
as follows:
RDEFINE APPL local-luname UACC(NONE)
This command creates a RACF profile for the given LU. The specified UACC in this
case would allow no user access to the LU named by local-luname without explicitly
granted higher access authority.
Next, the security administrator could grant conditional access to a specific
RACF-defined user or group whose request originates at a given partner LU with
the following:
PERMIT local-luname CLASS(APPL) ID(userid)
ACCESS(READ)...
WHEN(APPCPORT(partner-luname))
Note: There are two possible formats for the resource name in the APPCPORT
class. See Partner LU as Port of Entry (POE) on page 276 for additional
information.
In this example, you could specify ID(*) to make LU local-luname accessible to
anyone who is valid on the local system and whose request originates from LU
partner-luname. Also, this example presupposes that the relevant classes have
already been explicitly activated.
Using the WHEN() option puts an entry on the conditional access list of the RACF
profile for local-luname, allowing userid READ access to this LU. This allows userid
to use the local LUs services, but only when partner-luname is the port of entry
from which the request originated.
Protection of APPC Server IDs (APPCSERV)

You can use the APPCSERV general resource class to allow authorization checking
for a program running in an MVS address space that has identified itself as a server
for a specific APPC/MVS transaction program. By protecting a resource in the
APPCSERV class for each TP and giving READ access to authorized server IDs,
you can ensure that only authorized server programs are allowed to serve a
particular TP.
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General Resources
RACF and CICS

If CICS is installed on your system, you can use RACF to provide security for CICS
resources. For more information, see CICS RACF Security Guide.
RACF and DB2

If DB2 is installed on your system, you can use the DSNR general resource class
for controlling access to DB2 subsystems. RACF can control which users can use
DB2. If you have multiple DB2 subsystems running, RACF controls which users can
use a specific DB2 subsystem. DB2 uses the users RACF user ID in making its
security decisions. Depending on the version of DB2 installed, DB2 can use a
users RACF group connections as secondary authorization IDs for DB2 security
decisions. For information about using the DSNR class, see the appropriate DB2
publication for your installationfor example:
DB2 for MVS/ESA Version 4 Administration Guide, SC26-3265
DB2 for OS/390 Version 5 Administration Guide, SC26-8957
DB2 Universal Database for OS/390 Version 6 Administration Guide, SC26-9003
DB2 Universal Database for OS/390 and z/OS Version 7 Administration Guide,
SC26-9931
v DB2 Universal Database Version 8 Administration Guide: Planning, SC26-04822
v DB2 Universal Database Version 8 Administration Guide: Implementation,
SC26-4820
v
v
v
v
If you are using DB2 Version 5, or higher, and the RACF external security module is
installed on your system, you can control access to DB2 resources using RACF
profiles.
|
|
|
Restriction
For information about using RACF with DB2 Version 7, or earlier, see
Chapter 13, Controlling Access to DB2 Objects, on page 419 and z/OS
Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
|
|
For information about using RACF with DB2 for z/OS Version 8, and higher,
see DB2 RACF Access Control Module Guide, SC18-7433.
For information about implementing DB2 in a multilevel-secure environment, see

z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria, GA22-7509.
RACF and ICSF

If Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) is installed on your system, you
can use RACF to control who can use ICSF cryptographic keys and services.
This control is implemented using the CSFSERV, CSFKEYS, and GCSFKEYS
classes. When these classes are used, they must be activated and brought into
storage through SETROPTS RACLIST.
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General Resources
RACF and z/OS UNIX

You can use RACF to provide additional security functions and administration for
your z/OS UNIX environment. See Chapter 20, RACF and z/OS UNIX, on page
533.
For complete information on setting up and using RACF in the z/OS UNIX
environment, see z/OS UNIX System Services Planning.
RACF Support for NDS and Lotus Notes for z/OS

You can map Lotus Notes for z/OS short names and Novell Directory Services for
OS/390 (NDS) user names to RACF user IDs. NDS and Lotus Notes for z/OS can
determine the RACF user ID for a user who has been authenticated with an
application user identity or a digital certificate. Once the application determines a
users RACF user ID, it may choose to use this identity for authorization checking
when accessing traditional system resources, such as data sets. This allows your
installation to maintain existing functions, resources, and security while
consolidating application servers.
Administering Application User Identities

You manage application user identities, such as Lotus Notes for z/OS short names
and Novell Directory Services for OS/390 (NDS) user names, by administering user
profiles. Through the ADDUSER, ALTUSER, and DELUSER commands, you can
associate a RACF user ID with an application user identity, and you can change
and remove that association.
The following table shows the name of the identity segment of the user profile and
the name of the user identity field in the identity segment that is used to associate
application user identities to RACF user IDs.
Application
Identity segment in the user profile
User identity field
Lotus Notes for z/OS
LNOTES
SNAME
Novell Directory Services for

OS/390
NDS
UNAME
Each RACF user ID can map to both a Lotus short name and an NDS user name,
but no user ID can map to more than one Lotus short name or more than one NDS
user name. In addition, each Lotus short name can map to only one user ID.
Similarly, each NDS user name can map to only one user ID.
The application user identities that you specify in the identity segments of the user
profiles must match the user identities defined by the administrators of each
application. For example, the SNAME that you define for a RACF user ID must be
the same short name that is defined for that user by the administrator of the Lotus
Notes for z/OS application. For special considerations when selecting application
user identities, see Considerations for Application User Names on page 284.
Adding Application Identity Segments

The following example adds a new RACF user ID named CHEN, and associates it
with an NDS user name for use with Novell Directory Services for OS/390.
ADDUSER CHEN NDS(UNAME(ChenMeiLing))
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ADDUSER command processing creates a new user profile named CHEN, adds an
NDS segment to the user profile, and sets the UNAME field of the segment to
ChenMeiLing.
Modifying USER Identity Segments

The following example adds an LNOTES segment to the existing user profile CHEN,
and associates the RACF user ID with a short name for Lotus Notes for z/OS.
ALTUSER CHEN LNOTES(SNAME(ChenMeiLing))
ALTUSER command processing adds an LNOTES segment to the USER profile

CHEN and sets the SNAME field of the segment to ChenMeiLing.
Removing User Identity Segments

The ALTUSER command can be issued to remove the association between a
RACF user ID and an application user identity. The following example deletes the
NDS segment from the RACF user profile named CHEN, and removes the user IDs
association with the NDS user name ChenMeiLing.
ALTUSER CHEN NONDS
System Considerations
If your installation shares the RACF database with systems running releases prior
to OS/390 Version 2 Release 10, your RACF support of Lotus Notes for z/OS and
Novell Directory Services for OS/390 (NDS) is implemented using mapping profiles
in the NOTELINK and NDSLINK classes. See Mapping Profiles in the NOTELINK
and NDSLINK Classes.
If your installation shares the RACF database with only systems running z/OS, or
OS/390 Version 2 Release 10 or above, you may or may not be using mapping
profiles in the NOTELINK and NDSLINK class. You should see your system
programmer to find out if your installation has been converted for stage 3 of
application identity mapping. Stage 3 of application identity mapping uses an alias
index that is automatically maintained by RACF to map application user identities,
such as Lotus short names and NDS user names, without using mapping profiles in
the NOTELINK and NDSLINK classes. Once at stage 3, you can deactivate the
NOTELINK and NDSLINK classes. See z/OS Security Server RACF System
Programmers Guide for information about running the IRRIRA00 conversion utility
to convert to stage 3 of application identity mapping.
If your installation is new to RACF and you are not running any releases prior to
OS/390 Version 2 Release 10, your system will automatically use application
identity mapping at the stage 3 level without running the IRRIRA00 conversion
utility, and there will be no mapping profiles in the NOTELINK or NDSLINK classes.
Mapping Profiles in the NOTELINK and NDSLINK Classes

to OS/390 Version 2 Release 10, or your installation shares the RACF database
with only systems running z/OS, or OS/390 Version 2 Release 10 or above, but has
not been converted to stage 3 of application identity mapping, your RACF support
of Lotus Notes for z/OS and Novell Directory Services for OS/390 may use mapping
profiles.
Mapping profiles are automatically maintained through ADDUSER, ALTUSER and
DELUSER command processing when NDS and LNOTES options are specified.
281
General Resources
Each mapping profile associates a RACF user ID with an application user identity,
based on the information specified in the LNOTES and NDS segments of the user
profile.
The profile name for mapping profiles in the NOTELINK class is the Lotus Notes for
z/OS short name (SNAME). The profile name for mapping profiles in the NDSLINK
class is the Novell Directory Services for OS/390 user name (UNAME). The
APPLDATA field of each mapping profile contains the RACF user ID that
corresponds to the application user identity. Each application identity segment of the
user profile contains one user identity name. Note that when RACF creates a
mapping profile as a result of an ADDUSER or ALTUSER command, the user ID of
the command issuer becomes the owner of the profile.
The following examples illustrate how mapping profiles are automatically managed
by RACF.
1. A mapping profile named ChenMeiLing is added in the NDSLINK class, with user
ID CHEN in the APPLDATA field, as a result of executing the following command:
ADDUSER CHEN NDS(UNAME(ChenMeiLing))
2. A mapping profile named ChenMeiLing is added in the NOTELINK class, with

user ID CHEN in the APPLDATA field, as a result of executing the following
command:
ALTUSER CHEN LNOTES(SNAME(ChenMeiLing))
3. The mapping profile named ChenMeiLing is deleted from the NDSLINK class as
a result of executing the following command:
ALTUSER CHEN NONDS
When ALTUSER command processing removes application identity segments

from user profiles, it deletes the corresponding mapping profiles in the
appropriate general resource class. Using the DELUSER command to delete a
user profile that contains application identity segments will also delete the
corresponding mapping profiles.
Attention
If your installation uses mapping profiles, do not execute the DELUSER
command for a user profile that contains identity segments from RACF
systems that do not support identity mapping profiles. These systems do not
automatically manage mapping profiles. You will inadvertently leave residual
mapping profiles in a general resource class when the user profile is deleted.
See information about recovery procedures in z/OS Security Server RACF
In general, you should not administer mapping profiles using the RDEFINE,
RALTER, RDELETE or RLIST commands. For information on correcting mapping
profiles that are inadvertently deleted or damaged, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Authorizing Applications to Use Identity Mapping

Applications that do not run in system key or in supervisor state require RACF
authorization to be able to use the identity mapping service (IRRSIM00).
Applications that run in system key or in supervisor state do not require RACF
authorization.
282
General Resources
To authorize Novell Directory Services for OS/390 (NDS) and Lotus Notes for z/OS
applications, which do not run in system key or supervisor state, you must define
RACF user IDs for the applications. The RACF user IDs must be given READ
access to a RACF general resource called IRR.RUSERMAP in the FACILITY class.
Defining Applications as RACF Users

Each NDS and Lotus Notes for z/OS server must be defined as a RACF user, if not
already defined. It may run as a job or a started procedure.
The following example shows RACF user IDs (LOTUS09 and NDS14, respectively)
being defined for a Lotus Notes for z/OS server and a Novell Directory Services for
OS/390 server. The user IDs are members of a RACF user group called MAPGRP,
and the owner for all profiles is MAPADM.
ADDGROUP MAPGRP OWNER(MAPADM)
ADDUSER LOTUS09 GROUP(MAPGRP) OWNER(MAPADM)
ADDUSER NDS14
GROUP(MAPGRP) OWNER(MAPADM)
If the application server executes as a batch job, the RACF user ID that is added is
the user ID associated with the batch job. If the server executes as a started
procedure, you must assign a RACF user ID using one of the following methods:
v Add the procedure name as an entry in the STARTED class. (This is the
preferred method.)
v Add the procedure name in the RACF started procedure table (ICHRIN03),
unless this table has already been modified by your installation to contain a
generic entry.
In addition, you should assign the PROTECTED attribute to the user IDs that you
associate with application servers. For more information, see Assigning RACF User
IDs to Started Procedures on page 143.
Permitting Access to the IRR.RUSERMAP Resource

Authorization to use the identity mapping service (IRRSIM00) is controlled through a
RACF general resource called IRR.RUSERMAP in the FACILITY class. You must
define a profile to protect this resource and permit application user IDs to access
the resource with READ authority.
Attention
inadvertently grant this authority by default. It is recommended that you create
a profile to protect the IRR.RUSERMAP resource with UACC(NONE) until you
determine which applications require identity mapping.
The following example protects the IRR.RUSERMAP resource in the FACILITY

class with UACC(NONE) and authorizes the group of application servers called
MAPGRP to use identity mapping.
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.RUSERMAP UACC(NONE)
PERMIT IRR.RUSERMAP CLASS(FACILITY) ID(MAPGRP) ACCESS(READ)
Activating Identity Mapping

The FACILITY class must be active to enable identity mapping. If it is not already
active at your installation, you must activate the FACILITY class using the
SETROPTS command.
283
General Resources
If your installation maintains FACILITY class profiles in storage through SETROPTS
RACLIST processing, you must issue the following command to refresh the
FACILITY class after you define or alter any profiles protecting the IRR.RUSERMAP
resource:
Considerations for Application User Names

Certain application user identities, such as the Lotus Notes for z/OS short name
(SNAME) and the Novell Directory Services for OS/390 (NDS) user name
(UNAME), may contain blanks or may contain lower case letters.
Blanks are not permitted as part of a RACF profile name. Therefore, when building
the profile name, ADDUSER and ALTUSER command processing will replace
blanks with the X'4A' character (which often resolves to the symbol). RACF
command processing also prevents the X'4A' character () from being specified as
part of an actual application user name.
You should use caution when specifying lower case letters in application user
names if:
v Your installation shares the RACF database among systems that support identity
mapping and systems that do not.
v Administrators may issue DELUSER commands from systems that do not
support identity mapping.
Residual mapping profiles may be left if DELUSER commands are issued from
systems that do not support identity mapping. If the profile name contains blanks
or lower case letters, you may be unable to remove these profiles using RACF
commands. See information about recovery procedures in z/OS Security Server
For information about the set of characters supported for application user names,
see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
Storing encryption keys using the KEYSMSTR class

You can define and store encryption keys that can be used to encrypt and decrypt
data stored in profiles in the RACF database. These keys are stored in the
SSIGNON segment of profiles in the KEYSMSTR class. The following profiles in the
KEYSMSTR class are used to hold the keys used to encrypt and decrypt the
following types of passwords:
Table 26. KEYSMSTR class profiles
284
Profile
Purpose
DCE.PASSWORD.KEY
Contains the key used to encrypt DCE user passwords in the

DCE segment of USER profiles for use with z/OS or OS/390
DCE single signon support
LDAP.BINDPW.KEY
Contains the key used to encrypt LDAP BIND passwords in

the PROXY segments of USER or FACILITY class profiles
for use by z/OS LDAP Server when acting as a proxy for a
requester
General Resources
Table 26. KEYSMSTR class profiles (continued)
Profile
Purpose
Rules:
1. Each profile must be defined using a discrete profile named exactly as shown.
2. You must define an encryption key in the LDAP.BINDPW.KEY profile before you can store
an LDAP BIND password in the PROXY segment of either of the following profile types:
a. User profiles, by using the PROXY BINDPW operands of the ADDUSER or ALTUSER
commands
b. Resource profiles, by using the PROXY BINDPW operands of the RDEFINE or
RALTER commands
Similarly, you must define an encryption key in the DCE.PASSWORD.KEY profile before
users can store DCE passwords in the RACF database, or before the DCE single signon
feature can be used.
Steps for storing a key in a KEYSMSTR profile

Perform the following steps to define a KEYSMSTR profile and store an encryption
key.
1.
Choose a type of key encryption. Base your choice of encryption type on

whether your system has cryptographic software, such as ICSF, installed.
If you have...
Then use...
Notes
Cryptographic software
installed
Key encryption
(KEYENCRYPTED operand)
Cryptographic software must

be active on the system when
you define the KEYSMSTR
profile.
No cryptographic software
installed
Key masking (KEYMASKED

operand)
_____________________________________________________________
2.
Create a profile in the KEYSMSTR class to define and store your encryption
key, using your choice of encryption type as the operand of the SSIGNON
segment.
Example:
REDEFINE KEYSMSTR LDAP.BINDPW.KEY SSIGNON(KEYENCRYPTED(0023428875DECFAC))
In this example, LDAP BIND passwords will be encrypted using the key stored
in the LDAP.BINDPW.KEY profile in the KEYSMSTR class. The value of the
key is 0023428875DECFAC.
Recommendation: For security reasons, choose a key that is known only to
you, the security administrator.
_____________________________________________________________
3.
Display the profile you created using the RLIST command to verify that the key
is protected.
RLIST KEYSMSTR LDAP.BINDPW.KEY
Result: The value of your key should not be displayed, but the information
shown will indicate whether the key value is masked or encrypted.
Example:
285
General Resources
CLASS
----KEYSMSTR
NAME
---LDAP.BINDPW.KEY
SSIGNON INFORMATION
------------------KEYENCRYPTED DATA NOT DISPLAYABLE
_____________________________________________________________
4.
Activate the KEYSMSTR class.

Example:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(KEYSMSTR)
Rule: You must activate the KEYSMSTR class before RACF will use the keys
stored in the KEYSMSTR profiles.
_____________________________________________________________
When you are done, the key that you stored in the SIGNON segment of the
KEYSMSTR profile will be used to encrypt and decrypt LDAP passwords.
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Chapter 8. Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table

(CDT)
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Overview of the class descriptor table . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profiles in the CDT class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a dynamic class with a unique POSIT value . . . . . .
Steps for adding a dynamic class with a unique POSIT value .
Adding a dynamic class that shares a POSIT value . . . . . .
When a POSIT value is shared . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steps for adding a dynamic class with a shared POSIT value .
Changing a POSIT value for a dynamic class . . . . . . . .
Steps for changing a POSIT value of an existing dynamic class
Guidelines for changing dynamic CDT entries . . . . . . . .
Deleting a class from the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . .
Steps for deleting a dynamic CDT class . . . . . . . . .
Disabling the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Re-enabling a previously defined dynamic class . . . . . . .
Steps to re-enable a previously defined dynamic class . . . .
Recommendation for moving to the dynamic CDT . . . . . .
Sysplex considerations for the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . .
Shared system considerations for the dynamic CDT . . . . . .
RRSF considerations for the dynamic CDT . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter describes how to administer class names for general resources in the
RACF class descriptor table (CDT).
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Overview of the class descriptor table
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The RACF class descriptor table (CDT) contains the names and attributes of the
resource classes that can be used on your RACF system. There are up to three
sets of class descriptor entries that comprise the CDT.
1. A required set of CDT entries supplied by IBM in assembler module ICHRRCDX
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Together, the supplied CDT entries in module ICHRRCDX and the

installation-defined CDT entries in module ICHRRCDE are known as the static CDT.
They are considered static entries because changes to these RACF modules are
not effective until the next system IPL.
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The dynamic CDT consists of the set of entries that you administer using RACF
commands. These entries are effective without an IPL. Dynamic CDT entries are
created from profiles that you define in the CDT general resource class. (The names
of the profiles you define in the CDT class become new classes in the dynamic
CDT.) RACF authorization checking processes the dynamic CDT as a logical
extension of the static CDT.
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This chapter describes how to administer dynamic CDT entries using general
resource profiles in the CDT class.
2. An optional set of entries coded by your system programmer in assembler

module ICHRRCDE
3. An optional set of entries defined by you, the security administrator, by
administering RACF profiles in the CDT general resource class
287
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For information about...
See...
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Syntax of RACF commands to administer

profiles in the CDT class
z/OS Security Server RACF Command

Language Reference
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Supplied CDT entries in ICHRRCDX
Appendix A, Supplied class descriptor table

entries, on page 639
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Adding and changing CDT entries in

ICHRRCDE
z/OS Security Server RACF System

Programmers Guide and your system
programmer
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Your installation should not change or delete entries in ICHRRCDX. You may
update ICHRRCDE but use of this module is not the generally recommended
method for adding installation-defined resources classes. If your installation has
already installed and updated ICHRRCDE, you are not required to remove or
update this module. However, consider migrating your static CDT entries from
ICHRRCDE to the dynamic CDT. See Recommendation for moving to the dynamic
CDT on page 299.
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Using the dynamic CDT
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Entries in the dynamic CDT are used to add, change, or delete installation-defined
classes. These are optional CDT entries that are created when you define profiles
in the CDT general resource class. The names of the profiles in the CDT class
become the names of your new classes in the dynamic CDT.
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Sample procedures for administering (adding, changing, and deleting) dynamic

classes are included in this chapter. The tasks of adding and changing dynamic
classes utilize the RDEFINE and RALTER commands to define and modify
attributes of CDT class profiles. You use the SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) and
SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) REFRESH commands to build entries in the dynamic
CDT. These commands effectively transform CDT profiles into RACF classes. The
names of RACF classes created in this way (dynamic classes) can be used in
RACF commands and the RACROUTE macro, just as you would use any other
RACF class name.
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Once you create the dynamic CDT by executing the SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT)
command, it remains active until you disable it. (See Disabling the dynamic CDT
on page 298.) When you restart your system, RACF automatically rebuilds the
dynamic CDT using attributes from CDT class profiles in the RACF database. As with
other RACF classes, if you activate SETROPTS class options for a dynamic class
before a system restart, RACF automatically activates those SETROPTS class
options after a restart.
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To list all RACF classes defined on your system, including dynamic classes, you
can use the Data Security Monitor (DSMON) to produce the Class Descriptor Table
Report. See z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide for more information about
DSMON.
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To list all CDT class profiles on your system, execute the SEARCH CLASS(CDT)
command. This list of profiles may differ from the list of dynamic classes generated
by the DSMON Class Descriptor Table Report for one of the following reasons:
1. Some profiles in the CDT class might have been added after the most recent
SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) REFRESH command was issued. Profiles added in
this way are defined on your system but are not active classes.
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2. Profiles in the CDT class might have been defined with errors that prevented the
classes from being added to the dynamic CDT.
Profiles in the CDT class
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The task of administering profiles in the CDT class can be done by you, the security
administrator, but because changes in the dynamic CDT can affect resource classes
in the static CDT and impact your entire RACF system, you are advised to consult
with your system programmer before making changes. Then, you can delegate the
task of administering dynamic CDT entries to the system programmer by granting
class authority (CLAUTH) and field-level access to the CDTINFO profile segments.
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Example:
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See Field-Level Access Checking on page 213 for the steps to enable field
authority.
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When you define class name entries in the dynamic CDT, you create profiles in the
CDT class. These profiles define the dynamic CDT entries themselves, rather than
protect resources in the classes they define. In other words, granting READ access to
the profiles in the CDT class allows the user, for example, a system programmer, to
view the dynamic CDT class entries. Granting ALTER access to these profiles allows
the user to change the access list or delete class name entries. Therefore, you
should control ALTER access carefully. In addition, having access to a CDT profile
does not grant access to profiles in the resource class defined by that CDT entry.
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The name of the profile you create in the CDT class is the name of your new class in
the dynamic CDT. The syntax rules for the CDT profile name are as follows:
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Rules:
1. The profile name must be 18 characters, consisting of the following:
AZ
09
#
(X'7B')
@
(X'7C')
$
(X'5B')
2. You must include at least one character from the following:
09
#
(X'7B')
@
(X'7C')
$
(X'5B')
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Rule 2 ensures that class names you define in the dynamic CDT do not conflict with
class names supplied by IBM in ICHRRCDX. If you do not follow this rule, a
warning message is issued for the RDEFINE or RALTER command when you
define or update a profile in the CDT class; however, the profile is still defined or
updated. You can use the RDELETE command to delete the profile before you
issue the SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) command to build or refresh the dynamic
CDT. If you do not delete the profile and subsequently issue the SETROPTS
RACLIST(CDT) command, another warning message is issued but the class may
be defined and activated if there are no other errors.
ALTUSER SYSPROG CLAUTH(CDT)

RDEFINE FIELD GENERAL.CDTINFO.* UACC(NONE)
PERMIT GENERAL.CDTINFO.* CLASS(FIELD) ID(SYSPROG) ACCESS(UPDATE)
289
Restriction: If you do not follow Rule 2 and, in the future, IBM supplies a class
using the same name you defined, the IBM class will be used instead of your class,
and the results will be unpredictable.
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Adding a dynamic class with a unique POSIT value
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To add a new class to the dynamic CDT, use the RDEFINE command to add a
profile to the CDT class. An important attribute of every CDT entry is its POSIT
value. There are 1024 possible numeric POSIT values. You can specify POSIT
values 1956 and 128527. However, certain POSIT values are reserved for IBM
use.
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Restriction: POSIT values 018, 57127, and 5281023 are reserved for IBM use
and should not be used for your dynamic class entries unless you intend to share
SETROPTS options with an IBM supplied class. (For example, you might choose to
have an installation-defined CICS class share SETROPTS options with an IBM
supplied CICS class.) If you use a reserved POSIT number that is not currently
used for an IBM supplied class, be aware that in the future IBM might create a
supplied class with this POSIT number. If this conflict occurs, processing results for
your class will be unpredictable.
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Classes with the same POSIT value are administered as a single class when you
specify a class option, such as CLASSACT or RACLIST, on the RACF SETROPTS
command or grant CLAUTH authority to one of them. You would add a new class
with a unique POSIT value when you want to administer it separately from any
other class.
Steps for adding a dynamic class with a unique POSIT value
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Perform the following steps in this example to define a new class called PIX2004
that you will administer separately.
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1.
Determine a unique POSIT value for the new profile. Evaluate the class entries
in the dynamic CDT. Consult your system programmer to evaluate the class
entries in the static CDT (modules ICHRRCDE and ICHRRCDX).
_____________________________________________________________
2.
Define the new class:
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Example:
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Investigate any error messages issued by the RDEFINE command; some

errors can prevent the class from being added to the dynamic CDT. Use the
RALTER command to correct any errors in the profile.
Tip: If you miss the error messages from the RDEFINE command, you can use
the CDTINFO keyword, with no suboperands, on the RALTER command to
initiate validation checking of the fields again. For example, to initiate validation
for the command in this step, you can execute the following command:
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Validation checking will be performed again, and any error messages will be
issued again.
_____________________________________________________________
RDEFINE CDT PIX2004 UACC(NONE)

CDTINFO(DEFAULTUACC(NONE) FIRST(ALPHA) MAXLENGTH(42) OTHER(ALPHA,SPECIAL)
POSIT(303)
RACLIST(REQUIRED))
RALTER CDT PIX2004 CDTINFO
290
3.
Create the dynamic CDT:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(CDT) RACLIST(CDT)
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Or, if the dynamic CDT was already active, refresh the dynamic CDT:
_____________________________________________________________
SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) REFRESH
Again, investigate any error messages issued by the SETROPTS command

because some errors can prevent the class from being added to the dynamic
CDT.
If you do not complete this step before proceeding, you will receive the
following message when you execute the RDEFINE commands in Step 4:
IKJ56702I INVALID CLASS, PIX2004
4.
Define profiles in the new class, as needed:
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Example:
_____________________________________________________________
RDEFINE PIX2004 JANUARY.CATLG UACC(NONE)

RDEFINE PIX2004 FEBRUARY.CATLG UACC(NONE)
5.
Activate and RACLIST the new class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(PIX2004) RACLIST(PIX2004)
_____________________________________________________________
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Adding a dynamic class that shares a POSIT value
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To add a new class to the dynamic CDT that you will administer together with
another class, add the new class with the same POSIT value as the other class.
(See When a POSIT value is shared on page 292 for details about the RACF
processing options that are controlled together for classes that share a POSIT
value.)
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For example, if you have an existing class called PONIES8 (either in the dynamic
CDT or in ICHRRCDE) with a unique POSIT number301, for exampleyou might
add a new class called HORSES8, a class related to PONIES8, and logically
requiring the same RACF processing options.
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Assume that you have already activated the following SETROPTS options for the
existing PONIES8 class:
CLASSACT
RACLIST
AUDIT
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When you execute the RDEFINE CDT command to add the new HORSES8 class
to the CDT, specify the POSIT number as 301the same as for PONIES8. When
you refresh the dynamic CDT, all of the same RACF processing options that are in
effect for class PONIES8 will automatically be in effect for the new class HORSES8,
except SETROPTS RACLIST. The SETROPTS RACLIST(HORSES8) command
must be issued separately for the HORSES8 class because a new dataspace must
be built.
Rules:
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1. If you want SETROPTS RACLIST active for a new class, you must execute the
SETROPTS RACLIST command after you define the new class to build its new
associated dataspace.
2. If SETROPTS GENLIST is active for a new class, you must execute the
SETROPTS GENLIST command after you define the new class to build its
associated in-storage profiles.
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After the dataspace has been built initially, you can issue either one of the following
commands to refresh RACLISTed profiles in both the HORSES8 and PONIES8
classes:
SETROPTS RACLIST(HORSES8) REFRESH or
SETROPTS RACLIST(PONIES8) REFRESH
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Further, by issuing either one of the following commands, you activate global
access checking for both the PONIES8 and the HORSES8 classes:
SETROPTS GLOBAL(HORSES8) or
SETROPTS GLOBAL(PONIES8)
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Similarly, by issuing either one of the following commands, you activate

STATISTICS for both the PONIES8 and the HORSES8 classes:
SETROPTS STATISTICS(PONIES8) or
SETROPTS STATISTICS(HORSES8)
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Any number of classes may share the same POSIT number. For example, a third
class called MARES8 could be added and could also share POSIT number 301
with PONIES8 and HORSES8.
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When a POSIT value is shared
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When a POSIT value is shared between two or more classes, certain RACF
processing options are controlled in the same manner (simultaneously) for all
classes with the shared POSIT value. The following options affect the processing of
resources or profiles associated with classes that share a POSIT value:
Table 27. Processing options controlled simultaneously for classes sharing a POSIT value
Type of processing
Corresponding option
Authorization checking
SETROPTS CLASSACT
Auditing
SETROPTS AUDIT
Statistics
SETROPTS STATISTICS
Generic profile access checking
SETROPTS GENERIC
Generic command processing
SETROPTS GENCMD
Global access checking
SETROPTS GLOBAL
Special resource access auditing
SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS
Authorization checking in a dataspace
SETROPTS RACLIST
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Class authority (whether a user has CLAUTH) ALTUSER userid CLAUTH
Steps for adding a dynamic class with a shared POSIT value
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Perform the steps in this example to define a new class called HORSES8 that you
will administer together with the class called PONIES8 and that will share its POSIT
value.
1.
292
Define the new class:
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RDEFINE CDT HORSES8 UACC(NONE)

CDTINFO(DEFAULTUACC(NONE) FIRST(ALPHA) MAXLENGTH(200) OTHER(ALPHA,SPECIAL)
POSIT(301)
RACLIST(REQUIRED))
_____________________________________________________________
2.
Refresh the dynamic CDT:
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Result: The same SETROPTS options that were previously active for the
PONIES8 class are now active for the HORSES8 class because the classes
share a POSIT value. The exception is SETROPTS RACLIST.
_____________________________________________________________
3.
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RDEFINE HORSES8 PALOMINO.FRANKE UACC(NONE)

RDEFINE HORSES8 APPALOOSA.ANDRE UACC(NONE)
_____________________________________________________________
4.
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Define some profiles in the new class:
RACLIST the profiles in the HORSES8 class:

SETROPTS RACLIST(HORSES8)
_____________________________________________________________
Changing a POSIT value for a dynamic class

Before changing the current POSIT value of an existing class in the dynamic CDT,
plan carefully because changing a POSIT value could cause unintended results. For
example, you could inadvertently deactivate a class if you change its POSIT value
to a POSIT value shared with a class that is not active. If you change a POSIT
value, perform the following procedure.
Steps for changing a POSIT value of an existing dynamic class
Perform the following steps to change the current POSIT value of an existing class:
1.
Execute the following command to list the SETROPTS options for all classes.
SETROPTS LIST
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Record all active system options for the class that you wish to change.
_____________________________________________________________
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2.
Examine all dynamic and static CDT entries to see if any other existing class
shares the current POSIT value or the new POSIT value.
v If no other existing class shares the current POSIT value, use the
SETROPTS command to deactivate all options associated with the class you
want to change to ensure that any new class will not have unexpected
options if you add a new class using that POSIT value in the future. For
example, if the SETROPTS options CLASSACT, STATISTICS, GENERIC
and GENCMD are active for the class, you would issue the following
command to deactivate those options:
SETROPTS NOCLASSACT(classname) NOSTATISTICS(classname)
NOGENERIC(classname) NOGENCMD(classname)
v If another existing class shares the current POSIT value, do not use the
SETROPTS command to deactivate any SETROPTS option associated with
the class you want to change because this would turn off the SETROPTS
option for all classes sharing the POSIT value. In this case, proceed to Step
3 without making any changes.
293
_____________________________________________________________
3.
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RALTER CDT classname CDTINFO(POSIT(new-posit-value))
_____________________________________________________________
4.
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Refresh the CDT class on all systems that will use the changed class.
_____________________________________________________________
5.
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Change the POSIT value.
Activate the desired SETROPTS options, using the SETROPTS LIST output
from Step 1 on page 293 as reference, assuming for this example that
SETROPTS options CLASSACT, STATISTICS, GENERIC, and GENCMD were
previously active for the class you changed.
v If an existing class does not share the new POSIT value, issue the following
command to reactivate those options:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(classname) STATISTICS(classname)
GENERIC(classname) GENCMD(classname)
v If an existing class shares the new POSIT value, all of the same RACF
processing options that were in effect for the shared class are automatically
in effect for the class you changed, with the exception of the SETROPTS
RACLIST option.
Rules:
a. If you want SETROPTS RACLIST active for a changed class, you must
execute the SETROPTS RACLIST command after you change the class
to build its new associated dataspace. If the class was RACLISTed
before the POSIT change, add the REFRESH option to rebuild the
dataspace:
SETROPTS RACLIST(classname) REFRESH
b. If SETROPTS GENLIST is active for the changed class, you must

execute the SETROPTS GENLIST REFRESH command after you
change the class to refresh its associated in-storage profiles.
_____________________________________________________________
Guidelines for changing dynamic CDT entries
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If you change attributes for an existing class in the dynamic CDT, plan carefully to
avoid unintended results. Before making changes to the following particular class
attributes, follow these guidelines to help you consider the effect of your changes
on existing applications and RACF processing.
Guidelines for changing particular class attributes:

1. CASE: Before you change CASE(ASIS) to CASE(UPPER), review all profiles in the
class and delete any profiles that contain lowercase letters in the profile name.
2. FIRST or OTHER: Before you change the FIRST and OTHER values to make
them more restrictive, review all profiles in the class and delete those that
contain the less restrictive characters. Example: Before you change
FIRST(ALPHA,NUMERIC) to FIRST(ALPHA), delete any profiles that contain a
number in the first character of the profile name.
3. GENLIST: Before you change GENLIST(ALLOWED) to GENLIST(DISALLOWED),
remove any in-storage generic profiles in the class by issuing the following
command:
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SETROPTS NOGENLIST(class-name)
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Do not issue SETROPTS NOGENLIST for an existing class when it shares a

POSIT value with other classes that are active. This action might impact
authorization processing for the other classes.
4. GROUP and MEMBER: Before you make changes to the GROUP or MEMBER
attributes for a class, delete any member classes by issuing the following
command:
RALTER grouping-classname profile-name DELMEM(member-list)
Then, be sure to update both the grouping class definition and the member
class definition in compatible ways. For example, if you change a member class
to a non-member class by changing GROUP(grouping-classname) to NOGROUP,
then you must change the corresponding grouping class to a non-grouping class
by changing MEMBER(member-classname) to NOMEMBER.
5. MAXLENGTH and MAXLENX: Before you change the length of profile names,
review the following guidelines:
v Before you increase the length of profile names in a class, examine existing
applications to see if modifications are necessary. When you increase the
length attribute in a class, update only the MAXLENX operand to specify the
new length, leaving the existing MAXLENGTH value. This may allow some
applications using the RACROUTE macro with the ENTITY operand to work
properly with the previous maximum length. These applications include those
that use RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH, REQUEST=FASTAUTH, and
REQUEST=EXTRACT with TYPE (other than EXTRACTN). However,
applications that use other RACF macros, such as ICHEINTY and
RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT,TYPE=EXTRACTN, may likely need
modifications to process the new profile name length correctly. Modify
applications that use the RACROUTE macro to include the ENTITYX operand
to support the new maximum length.
v Before you decrease the length of profile names in a class, examine existing
applications that use the RACROUTE macro with ENTITY or ENTITYX
option, or the ICHEINTY macro with the ENTRY or ENTRYX option, to see if
modifications are necessary. Then, be sure to delete any profiles in that class
that have names longer than the new MAXLENGTH or MAXLENX limits. If
you do not delete the profiles with the longer names before you decrease the
MAXLENGTH or MAXLENX values for the class, authorization checking for
resources in the class may give unpredictable results.
6. PROFILESALLOWED: Before you change PROFILESALLOWED(YES) to
PROFILESALLOWED(NO), delete all profiles from the class using the RDELETE
command.
7. RACLIST: Before you change RACLIST(REQUIRED) or RACLIST(ALLOWED) to
RACLIST(DISALLOWED), do both of the following:
a. Remove any RACLISTed profiles in the class by issuing the following
command:
SETROPTS NORACLIST(class-name)
Do not issue SETROPTS NORACLIST for an existing class when it shares

a POSIT value with other classes that are active. This action might impact
authorization processing for the other classes.
b. Modify any applications that process RACLISTed profiles in that class.
Testing consideration: Consider how you can test your changes. If you have a
test system that does not share a RACF database with your production system, you
may be able to test the change with existing applications and RACF commands on
your test system before activating the change on a production system. If your test
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system does share a RACF database with your production system, you may need
to create a class in the dynamic CDT specifically for testing, and modify your
applications to use the test class.
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RRSF consideration: If you are using RACF Remote Sharing Facility and change
a dynamic CDT entry, consider updating the dynamic CDT entry on all systems that
use the dynamic class. Also, see RRSF considerations for the dynamic CDT on
page 302.
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Deleting a class from the dynamic CDT

You can delete a class entry from the dynamic class descriptor table by deleting the
class profile from the CDT class and refreshing the dynamic CDT. If the class is
active, you should deactivate the class before deleting the CDT profile and refreshing
the dynamic CDT. If you do not deactivate the class, then if you create a class with
the same POSIT value in the future, the class will automatically be active. The
same consideration applies to each SETROPTS option controlled by a shared
POSIT value. (See the table in When a POSIT value is shared on page 292.
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Steps for deleting a dynamic CDT class
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Restriction: The following procedure can not be used to delete classes from the
static CDT (modules ICHRRCDX or ICHRRCDE). To modify the static CDT, consult
your system programmer and see z/OS Security Server RACF System
Programmers Guide.
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Before you begin:

v If you have applications that use resources in the dynamic class, those
applications, such as those issuing RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES
for the class, should be changed or removed. Otherwise, the applications could
fail after you remove the class from the dynamic CDT.
v Evaluate the uniqueness of the POSIT value of the class to be deleted.
If the POSIT value is unique, follow the steps below to deactivate all
SETROPTS options.
If the POSIT value is shared, some of the steps below should not be executed
and they are so noted. If those steps were executed, the SETROPTS options
for all classes that share the POSIT value with the deleted class would be
deactivated. This would have unintended effects on those classes.
Perform the following steps to delete an existing class from the dynamic CDT.
1.
Delete all profiles in the class to be deleted.
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a. Execute a SEARCH command to create a CLIST with a command to

delete each profile in the class.
Example:
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____________________________________________________________
b. Execute the CLIST created in Step 1a.
Example:
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____________________________________________________________
c. Verify no profiles remain in the class.
SEARCH CLASS(HORSES8) CLIST(RDELETE HORSES8 )
EXEC EXEC.RACF.CLIST LIST
296
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Example:
____________________________________________________________
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SEARCH CLASS(HORSES8)
2.
SETROPTS LIST
____________________________________________________________
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3.
SETROPTS NOCLASSACT(HORSES8)
Do not deactivate this class when it shares a POSIT value with other classes
that are active. (See the Before you begin section of this procedure.)
____________________________________________________________
4.
Do not deactivate the GLOBAL option for this class when it shares a POSIT
value with other classes that are active. (See the Before you begin section
of this procedure.)
____________________________________________________________
5.
If you have a GLOBAL profile for the class, delete it.

Example:
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If you are using global access checking for the class and the class to be
deleted does not share a POSIT value with other existing classes, deactivate
the GLOBAL option for the class.
Example:
SETROPTS NOGLOBAL(HORSES8)
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If the class to be deleted does not share a POSIT value with other existing
classes, deactivate the class.
Example:
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Issue the following command and note every occurrence of the class you
wish to delete.
RDELETE GLOBAL HORSES8
____________________________________________________________
6.
If you have a RACGLIST profile for the class, delete it.
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Example:
____________________________________________________________
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RDELETE RACGLIST HORSES8
7.
If the class to be deleted does not share a POSIT value with other existing
classes, deactivate the other active system options for your class, using the
SETROPTS LIST command output from Step 2.
Example:
SETROPTS NOAUDIT(HORSES8) LOGOPTIONS(DEFAULT(HORSES8)) NORACLIST(HORSES8)
NOGENERIC(HORSES8) NOGENCMD(HORSES8) NOSTATISTICS(HORSES8)
Do not deactivate the active system options for this class when it shares a
POSIT value with other classes that are active. (See the Before you begin
section of this procedure.)
____________________________________________________________
297
8.
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If you are using GENLIST processing for the class to be deleted and the
class does not share a POSIT value with other existing classes, deactivate
GENLIST processing.
Example:
SETROPTS NOGENLIST(HORSES8)
Do not deactivate GENLIST processing for this class when it shares a POSIT
value with other classes that are active. (See the Before you begin section
of this procedure.)
____________________________________________________________
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9.
Delete the class from the CDT class.
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Example:
____________________________________________________________
RDELETE CDT HORSES8
10.
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____________________________________________________________
11.
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Refresh the dynamic CDT.
If you have users with class authority (CLAUTH) for the deleted class, remove
their authorities.
Example:
ALTUSER userid NOCLAUTH(HORSES8)
____________________________________________________________
Disabling the dynamic CDT
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You can disable the dynamic CDT only after you have determined that no
applications are using dynamic classes and after you have deleted each dynamic
class by executing the procedure defined in Deleting a class from the dynamic
CDT on page 296. After you have deleted all dynamic classes, disable the use of
the dynamic CDT by issuing the following command:
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Restriction: If you do not delete a dynamic class before you issue the SETROPTS
NORACLIST(CDT) command, RACF no longer recognizes that dynamic class. If
you subsequently enable the dynamic CDT using the SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT)
command, use of the previously defined dynamic class may cause unpredictable
results. Any profiles in the previously defined dynamic class will remain and some
SETROPTS options may still remain active, but RACLIST options may no longer be
active. To re-enable a previously defined dynamic class, see Re-enabling a
previously defined dynamic class.
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SETROPTS NORACLIST(CDT)
Re-enabling a previously defined dynamic class

If you erroneously disable the CDT class (by issuing the SETROPTS
NORACLIST(CDT) command) before you delete all dynamic classes, you can
restore use of the deleted dynamic classes by executing the following procedure.
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298
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Steps to re-enable a previously defined dynamic class

1. If SETROPTS RACLIST was active for the dynamic class (before you issued
the SETROPTS NORACLIST(CDT) command), rebuild the profiles in storage
for the class.
Example: SETROPTS RACLIST(HORSES8)
_____________________________________________________________
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2.
If GLOBAL=YES RACLIST ONLY was active for the dynamic class (before you
issued the SETROPTS NORACLIST(CDT) command), the application that
issued the RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES macro must reissue
the macro to rebuild the profiles in storage for the class.
_____________________________________________________________
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3.
Issue the SETROPTS LIST command and carefully review the output, noting
whether the dynamic class you wish to restore appears in any of the following
lists:
GLOBAL CHECKING CLASSES
GENERIC PROFILE CLASSES
GENLIST CLASSES
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a.
If SETROPTS GLOBAL is active for your class, refresh the global access
checking table for the class:
Example: SETROPTS GLOBAL(HORSES8) REFRESH
____________________________________________________________
b.
If SETROPTS GENERIC or SETROPTS GENLIST is active for your class,

refresh the generic profiles in storage for the class:
Example: SETROPTS GENERIC(HORSES8) REFRESH
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_____________________________________________________________
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You have now re-enabled the use of a previously defined dynamic class that
inadvertently remained when the dynamic CDT was disabled. The options that were
previously active for the class should again be active.
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Recommendation for moving to the dynamic CDT
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Restriction: You can not move supplied classes (ICHRRCDX) to the dynamic CDT.
You can only migrate classes from the installation-defined CDT (ICHRRCDE) to the
dynamic CDT.
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Because dynamic CDT entries can be changed without an IPL, you should consider
migrating your static installation-defined classes to the dynamic CDT. The RACF
Web site provides a REXX exec to translate your installation-defined CDT into a
series of RDEFINE CDT commands to facilitate this migration. Look for this
download at: http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/racf/
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If you do not use the CDT migration exec, define classes in the dynamic CDT to
replace the same-named class in ICHRRCDE. Use class attributes on the
RDEFINE CDT command that match the equivalent class attributes for each class
on the ICHERCDE macro invocation (used to create ICHRRCDE). Use Table 28 on
page 300 to determine the equivalent class attributes. (If you use the REXX EXEC
to create the RDEFINE CDT commands, this translation is done for you.) If you
choose class attributes on the RDEFINE CDT command which do not match the
equivalent class attributes on your ICHERCDE macro invocation for a class, a
warning message is issued to note the attribute differences.
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When you issue an RDEFINE CDT command to define a class that already exists
in ICHRRCDE, a warning message is issued to remind you that a duplicate entry
exists in ICHRRCDE. When you add the class to the dynamic CDT during
SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) or SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) REFRESH command
processing, another warning message is issued to indicate the class definition in the
dynamic CDT overrides the definition in the static CDT. If you subsequently delete
the entry in the dynamic CDT, the class definition in the static CDT will again be in
effect, and another message will indicate this.
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Rules:
v If you are replacing a grouping or member class from the installation-defined
CDT with a dynamic class, you must specify the equivalent GROUP or MEMBER
operand on the definition of the dynamic class. If the grouping or member class
definition does not match, an error message is issued. For example, if your
installation-defined class HORSES8 is a grouping class that specifies the
member class PONIES8 (MEMBER=PONIES8 is specified on the ICHERCDE macro),
then your dynamic class definition for HORSES8 must include the
CDTINFO(MEMBER(PONIES8)) operand.
v When you move a grouping or member class from ICHRRCDE to the dynamic
CDT, you must define both the grouping and member class to the CDT class
before issuing SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) to build or refresh the dynamic CDT.
A grouping class in the dynamic CDT cannot reference a member class in the
static CDT. Similarly, a member class in the dynamic CDT cannot reference a
grouping class in the static CDT.
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See Table 28 for a comparison of the class attributes of the ICHERCDE macro and
the corresponding class attributes to specify when you define dynamic class entries
in the CDT class.
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Table 28. ICHERCDE macro operands and the corresponding operands for the RDEFINE
and RALTER commands
ICHERCDE macro operand
Corresponding RDEFINE/RALTER operand
CLASS=
profile-name
CASE=UPPER | ASIS
CDTINFO(CASE(UPPER | ASIS))
DFTRETC=0 | 4 | 8
CDTINFO(DEFAULTRC(0 | 4 | 8))
DFTUACC=ALTER | CONTROL |
UPDATE | READ | NONE
CDTINFO(DEFAULTUACC(ACEE | ALTER | CONTROL |

UPDATE | READ | NONE)) 1
EQUALMAC=YES | NO
CDTINFO(MACPROCESSING(NORMAL | EQUAL))
FIRST=ALPHA
CDTINFO(FIRST(ALPHA,NATIONAL))
FIRST=NUMERIC
CDTINFO(FIRST(NUMERIC))
FIRST=ALPHANUM
CDTINFO(FIRST(ALPHA,NUMERIC,NATIONAL))
FIRST=ANY
CDTINFO(FIRST(ALPHA,NUMERIC,NATIONAL,SPECIAL))
FIRST=NONATABC
CDTINFO(FIRST(ALPHA))
FIRST=NONATNUM
CDTINFO(FIRST(ALPHA,NUMERIC))
GENLIST=ALLOWED | DISALLOWED CDTINFO(GENLIST(ALLOWED | DISALLOWED))
300
GROUP=group-class-name
CDTINFO(GROUP(grouping-class-name))
ID=number
None.
KEYQUAL=nnn
CDTINFO(KEYQUALIFIERS(nnn))
MAXLENX=nnn
CDTINFO(MAXLENX(nnn))
MAXLNTH=nnn
CDTINFO(MAXLENGTH(nnn))
MEMBER=member-class-name
CDTINFO(MEMBER(member-class-name))
OPER=YES | NO
CDTINFO(OPERATIONS(YES | NO))
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Table 28. ICHERCDE macro operands and the corresponding operands for the RDEFINE
and RALTER commands (continued)
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Notes:
1. If you do not specify the DEFAULTUACC operand, the default is DEFAULTUACC(NONE) which is
different from the ICHERCDE default of using the ACEE value.
2. The ID operand is obsolete.
3. If you do not specify the OPERATIONS operand, the default is OPERATIONS(NO) which is different
from the ICHERCDE default of OPER=YES.
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ICHERCDE macro operand
Corresponding RDEFINE/RALTER operand
OTHER=ALPHA
CDTINFO(OTHER(ALPHA,NATIONAL))
OTHER=NUMERIC
CDTINFO(OTHER(NUMERIC))
OTHER=ALPHANUM
CDTINFO(OTHER(ALPHA,NUMERIC,NATIONAL))
OTHER=ANY
CDTINFO(OTHER(ALPHA,NUMERIC,NATIONAL,SPECIAL))
OTHER=NONATABC
CDTINFO(OTHER(ALPHA))
OTHER=NONATNUM
CDTINFO(OTHER(ALPHA,NUMERIC))
POSIT=nnn
CDTINFO(POSIT(nnn))
PROFDEF=YES | NO
CDTINFO(PROFILESALLOWED(YES | NO))
RACLIST=ALLOWED | DISALLOWED CDTINFO(RACLIST(ALLOWED | DISALLOWED))

RACLREQ=YES | NO
CDTINFO(RACLIST(REQUIRED))
RVRSMAC=YES | NO
CDTINFO(MACPROCESSING(NORMAL | REVERSE))
SIGNAL=YES | NO
CDTINFO(SIGNAL(YES | NO))
SLBLREQ=YES | NO
CDTINFO(SECLABELSREQUIRED(YES | NO))
Sysplex considerations for the dynamic CDT
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When RACF is enabled for sysplex communications, RACF propagates the

following commands to the rest of the sysplex:
SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT)
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This propagation simplifies security management for resource classes in the

dynamic CDT.
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Restriction: When RACF is enabled for sysplex communications, RACF

propagates the commands listed above to the members of the data-sharing group
even if the command fails on the system where it was issued. If the command fails
on any of the member systems, RACF does not back out or undo the command
execution from the member systems where the command did not fail.
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When you move a static class to the dynamic CDT in a sysplex environment and
the static class is defined with different options on various systems, you will receive
different warning messages on each system. Examine the message log on each
peer system when you execute the SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT) REFRESH
command to ensure that each execution completed as expected.
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Shared system considerations for the dynamic CDT

When RACF is not enabled for sysplex communications but the RACF data base is
shared between two or more system, the following commands are not propagated
to shared systems:
SETROPTS RACLIST(CDT)
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These commands do not take effect on shared systems until you issue them on
each of those systems, or until the systems are IPLed.
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RRSF considerations for the dynamic CDT

When automatic direction is implemented across two or more systems, the class
descriptor tables, including the dynamic classes, should be compatible on all
participating systems.
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Chapter 9. Protecting Programs

Program security modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simple program protection in BASIC or ENHANCED mode . . . . . .
Program control by SMFID in BASIC or ENHANCED mode . . . . . .
Maintaining a clean environment in BASIC or ENHANCED mode . . . .
More complex controls: Using EXECUTE access for programs or libraries
(BASIC mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Migrating from BASIC to ENHANCED program security mode . . . . .
Protecting program libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program access to data sets (PADS) in BASIC mode . . . . . . . .
Choosing between the PADCHK and NOPADCHK operands . . . . .
Program access to SERVAUTH resources in BASIC or ENHANCED mode
ENHANCED program security mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program access to data sets (PADS) in ENHANCED mode . . . . . .
Using EXECUTE access for programs and libraries in ENHANCED mode
When to use MAIN or BASIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining programs as MAIN or BASIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How protection works for programs and PADS . . . . . . . . . . . .
How program control works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Informational messages for program control . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization checking for access control to load modules . . . . . .
Authorization checking for access control to data sets . . . . . . . .
Processing for execute-controlled libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of controlling programs and using PADS . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of defining load modules as controlled programs . . . . . .
Example 1. Protecting programs without using PADS . . . . . . .
Example 2. Protecting programs that are in several program libraries
Example 3. Using '******' as the volume serial number . . . . . . .
Example 4. Omitting the volume serial number . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of setting up program access to data sets . . . . . . . .
Example of setting up an execute-controlled library . . . . . . . . .
Example of setting up program control by system ID . . . . . . . .
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This chapter provides in-depth information on controlling programs, program

libraries, and program access to data. See Controlling Access to Program Dumps
on page 251 for more information about using RACF to control access to program
dumps.
Program control provides the following functions:
1. Simple controls to restrict the ability to execute specified programs by granting
users either READ or NONE access through the PROGRAM class, and (when
necessary) READ access to the DATASET profile that protects the load library
that contains the program.
2. More complex controls that can prevent users from copying sensitive programs
or viewing the contents of such programs by granting the users either
EXECUTE or NONE access through the PROGRAM class, or (in some cases)
EXECUTE to the DATASET profile that protects the library that contains the
program. Programs controlled in this way are referred to as execute-controlled
programs.
3. Improved resistance to attacks by malicious users or programs implementing
malicious functions (such as Trojan horses) in a z/OS UNIX environment when
you define the BPX.DAEMON profile in the FACILITY class and require that the
program execution environments for UNIX daemons and servers remain clean.
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4. Program access to data sets (PADS) to allow users to have more access to
data sets than they would otherwise have while running specified programs that
provide restricted access to the data.
5. Program access to SERVAUTH resources to allow access to IP addresses only
when executing certain programs.
By defining programs in the PROGRAM class you indicate that you place some
amount of trust in their behavior. Although the level of trust can vary, these
programs are trusted more than programs created by general users of the system.
An environment in which someone has run a program not defined in the
PROGRAM class is considered a dirty, unsafe, or uncontrolled environment.
RACF requires a clean environment in functions 2 through 5 above because
allowing use of those functions in an uncontrolled environment would make it
relatively simple for malicious users with some specific knowledge to bypass the
program-related security controls and gain inappropriate access to the data.
Terms to know:
1. When used in this discussion, an environment is one of the following:
v TSO session
v TSO command invoked by TSOEXEC or the IKJEFTSR service
v Job step in a batch job, started procedure, or started job
v UNIX address space
2. A clean environment is one in which only programs defined in the PROGRAM
class have run.
3. A program refers to a load module residing in a partitioned data set (PDS) or a
program object residing in a program library (PDS/E).
Restrictions:
1. Programs that reside in the UNIX file system are excluded from this discussion.
Execution of programs in the UNIX file system is controlled using UNIX security
controls (as opposed to RACF PROGRAM profiles), and programs resident in
the UNIX file system cannot be used for PADS or program access to
SERVAUTH resources.
2. RACF and z/OS cannot protect programs written in the TSO/E CLIST language,
PERL, Java, or other interpreted languages.
3. RACF and z/OS can protect programs written in REXX only if they are compiled
and link-edited as load modules or program objects.
In making use of program control, you must decide:
v Whether to operate in BASIC (default) or ENHANCED (more secure) program
security mode.
v Which programs to define in the PROGRAM class and how to define them
(which to some extent depends on the program security mode chosen).
v How to protect the libraries that contain the programs.
See the Migrating from BASIC to ENHANCED program security mode on page
311 for migration and other planning considerations
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Program security modes

RACF can operate in:
v BASIC program security mode (default)
v ENHANCED program security mode
v ENHANCED-WARNING program security mode
Compared with BASIC mode, ENHANCED mode offers extra protection from
hackers and other malicious users, but requires more work in setting up the
PROGRAM profiles that control program protection. It also further restricts the
environment in which users can make use of program access to data sets (PADS),
program access to SERVAUTH resources, and execute-controlled programs. It
optionally provides additional restrictions on the execution of UNIX servers and
daemons.
ENHANCED-WARNING mode provides a migration path from BASIC mode to
ENHANCED mode. It operates like ENHANCED mode, but when a request occurs
that would fail because it does not meet the restrictions for ENHANCED mode
RACF checks to see if it would have granted the request if running in BASIC mode.
If so, RACF allows the request but issues warning messages and creates SMF
records to warn you of the problem. This allows you to fix the problem before
completing the migration. See Migrating from BASIC to ENHANCED program
security mode on page 311 for a recommended procedure to migrate from BASIC
to ENHANCED program security mode.
You can specify the mode through the IRR.PGMSECURITY profile in the FACILITY
class. Define the profile and specify the APPLDATA operand as:
v BASIC for RACF to operate in BASIC program security mode
v ENHANCED for RACF to operate in ENHANCED program security mode
v Empty, or any value other than BASIC or ENHANCED, for RACF to operate in
ENHANCED-WARNING program security mode.
If you do not define this profile, RACF operates in BASIC program security mode.
Recommendation: If you make use of the program control functions, use
ENHANCED program security mode for the extra protection that it provides.
After choosing a program control mode and defining IRR.PGMSECURITY to specify
that mode, PROGRAM profiles should be defined. Then, program control functions
can be enabled by issuing SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM). If you make changes
to the PROGRAM profiles, you can make those changes effective by issuing
SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH. RACF activates your chosen program
security mode based on the presence of the IRR.PGMSECURITY profile and the
contents of the APPLDATA field in the profile. This is done when you issue either of
these commands or during subsequent system initialization (IPL). RACF does not
inspect the APPLDATA field for the IRR.PGMSECURITY except during this
processing, and does not issue an error message if the profile has an unexpected
APPLDATA value. Instead, it runs in ENHANCED-WARNING program security
mode.
Note: Any job steps, started procedure steps, or TSO sessions that start after you
switch to ENHANCED or ENHANCED-WARNING program security mode run
in that mode. Any that started before you switched, continue to run in BASIC
program security mode until they finish.
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You can display the program security mode for the system at any time by issuing
SETROPTS LIST. The first line of output indicates whether you have activated
WHEN(PROGRAM) processing and displays the program security mode.
Simple program protection in BASIC or ENHANCED mode

If you have a need to prevent a user or group from executing a particular program,
you can define a profile for that program in the PROGRAM class and issue the
PERMIT command to specify an access level of NONE for the program. This simple
usage of program control does not depend on making any other PROGRAM
definitions or on keeping the environment clean. You can also use this simple form
of program control to audit usage of a program. If you only need to audit usage of
the program and do not need to control which users can execute it, grant all users
READ access and set the AUDIT operand appropriately.
A program protected by a PROGRAM profile is sometimes called a controlled
program. To protect a program with a PROGRAM profile, use the RDEFINE
command and specify the name of the program as the profile-name. You must also
specify the ADDMEM operand and indicate:
v Name of the library that contains the program (required)
v Volume serial of the DASD volume that contains the library (optional)
v PADCHK or NOPADCHK option (optional; see Choosing between the PADCHK
and NOPADCHK operands on page 318 for more information.)
The PROGRAM profile can also contain other information, such as the following:
v UACC
v Standard access list
v Conditional access list
The name of the profile can be completely specified, in which case the profile
protects only one program. We sometimes call such a PROGRAM profile a specific
profile because it protects one specific program. The name of the profile can also
end with an asterisk (*), in which case the profile can protect more than one
program. For example, a profile named ABC* protects programs whose names begin
with ABC and reside in the library specified using the ADDMEM operand (unless a
more specific profile exists). We sometimes call a PROGRAM profile that ends with
an asterisk a non-specific PROGRAM profile.
When defining the PROGRAM profile, supply the ADDMEM operand in the following
format:
ADDMEM(library_name/optional_volume_serial/optional_PADCHK_or_NOPADCHK)
For library_name, specify the data set name of the library that contains the
program, such as SYS1.LINKLIB.
You can optionally specify a volume serial, such as 123456, SYSRES, or VOLAAA.
If you specify a volume serial in this format, the PROGRAM profile protects the
program only when the specified library exists on that named volume.
If you do not want to specify a specific volume serial, you have two choices:
1. Omit the volume serial completely. In this case, RACF ignores the volume serial
when examining the PROGRAM profile, and considers it a match if the program
resides in that library, regardless of the volume serial where the library resides.
For this, you could specify:
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ADDMEM SYS1.LINKLIB//
2. Specify a volume serial of ****** for a special case where the library exists on
the IPL volume (not on an extension of the IPL volume, however). For this, you
could specify:
ADDMEM SYS1.LINKLIB/******
Recommendation: In general, specify NOPADCHK to simplify your other setup.

Refer to Choosing between the PADCHK and NOPADCHK operands on page 318
for more information.
For example, a complete ADDMEM specification for a PROGRAM profile might be:
ADDMEM(SYS1.LINKLIB//NOPADCHK)
A PROGRAM profile can contain multiple ADDMEM operands, such as:

RDEFINE PROGRAM ABC ADDMEM(AAA.LIBRARY1//NOPADCHK)
RALTER PROGRAM ABC ADDMEM(BBB.LIBRARY1//NOPADCHK CCC.LIBRARY1//NOPADCHK)
You can specify a UACC and an access list for your PROGRAM profile, as you
would for other profiles. For the purposes of this discussion, remember that you
should be using access values of NONE or READ, rather than EXECUTE. See
More complex controls: Using EXECUTE access for programs or libraries (BASIC
mode) on page 310 for more information.
Programs reside in program libraries that can be for public use (those in the system
link list) or for limited private use (accessed through JOBLIB or STEPLIB, or
through the TSO/E CALL command specifying the data set name). To restrict users
ability to run programs, you might need to protect the program library so the user
cannot read from it. In some cases you do not need to provide special protection for
the program library, other than ensuring that general users cannot update it.
Recommendation: Restrict UPDATE access to libraries containing controlled
programs, just as you restrict UPDATE access to APF-authorized libraries.
Protecting program libraries on page 313 discusses the ways to protect the two
types of libraries since there might be cases where you need to do this.
When defining your PROGRAM profiles, also consider the following
recommendations:
Recommendations:
1. If the program you are protecting runs APF-authorized or if you specify the
program in the conditional access list to use PADS, you generally do not need
to prevent the user from reading the library that contains the program. If the
user can READ the library, he can copy the program to a different library.
However, the copy would not be able to run without APF authority. Additionally,
PADS would not work, since the copy would not be a controlled program.
2. If the program you are protecting does not run APF-authorized and you do not
intend to use it for PADS, you might want to prevent the user from copying it to
another library and executing it from there. However, this is probably only
important if the program itself contains sensitive data or algorithms. If a program
does not contain sensitive data or algorithms, does not run APF-authorized, and
is not used for PADS, do not control its use at all. Instead, consider controlling
access to the data that the program uses.
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You also should consider the following rules when defining your PROGRAM
profiles:
Rules:
1. The profiles protect a program only if it resides in the library specified in the
ADDMEM operand.
2. If you have multiple libraries that contain the program, and the libraries have
different data set names, multiple ADDMEM operand specifications are
necessary if you want to protect all copies of the program.
3. If a program has an alias (alternate name with which you can run it) you should
protect both the real name and the alias name, which might require separate
PROGRAM profiles. For example, to control the use of the DELUSER command
and its associated alias DU, and also authorize only the SECADMIN group to
use them, issue the following commands:
RDEFINE PROGRAM DELUSER UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(SYS1.LINKLIB//NOPADCHK)
RDEFINE PROGRAM DU
UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(SYS1.LINKLIB//NOPADCHK)
PERMIT DELUSER ID(SECADMIN) ACCESS(READ) CLASS(PROGRAM)
PERMIT DU
ID(SECADMIN) ACCESS(READ) CLASS(PROGRAM)
4. You cannot restrict access to programs that reside in the system link pack area
(PLPA, MLPA, FLPA, dynamic LPA).
5. With a multiple-user address space (such as CICS Transaction Server for
OS/390), if one user loads a program then another user in the same address
space can also execute the program while it remains resident.
Restrictions:
1. Some system functions bypass normal MVS contents supervision processing.
IMS has some functions that operate this way, for example. RACF program
control does not work for programs accessed by such functions, because the
system invokes the RACF program control functions only when processing a
request to LINK, LOAD, XCTL, or ATTACH a program. RACF program control
also will not work for programs loaded from the z/OS UNIX file system, but you
can still control such programs using UNIX functions (permission bits, access
lists) that work with RACF.
2. All profiles in the PROGRAM class are discrete profiles. GENERICOWNER is
not supported for the PROGRAM class. Even though profiles ending in an
asterisk (*) are allowed in this class, they are not generic profiles, but a special
form of discrete profile. Thats why we use the terms specific and
non-specific when discussing PROGRAM profiles, as we mentioned previously.
3. WARNING mode is not supported for PROGRAM profiles.
4. You can specify NOTIFY and auditing for profiles in the PROGRAM class, and
for the PROGRAM class itself. However, RACF does not maintain access
statistics for PROGRAM profiles.
Program control by SMFID in BASIC or ENHANCED mode

Program control by system identifier provides a way to restrict access to a program
based on system identifier (SMFID). The SMFID is the SID value specified in the
active SMFPRMxx member of your system parameter library, such as
SYS1.PARMLIB.
To set up program control by system ID, create a conditional access list for the
PROGRAM profile that protects the program. To ensure no access to the profile in
general, specify UACC(NONE), or specify ID(*) ACCESS(NONE) on the
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PROGRAM profile. Then, permit users on selected systems using
WHEN(SYSID(system-id)) with the ID and ACCESS operands on the PERMIT
command:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(PROGRAM) ID(user or group or *) ACCESS(READ)
WHEN(SYSID(system-identifier))
This restricts the specified users or groups to executing the program only on a
system that has a matching system identifier.
Maintaining a clean environment in BASIC or ENHANCED mode

As previously mentioned, several functions require a clean or controlled program
environment:
v Use of PADS
v Use of program access to SERVAUTH resources
v Use of EXECUTE access for programs or libraries
v Improved UNIX security through the definition of FACILITY profile BPX.DAEMON
A program environment consists of a job step in a batch job, a started procedure or
job, a users TSO session, or a UNIX address space. In TSO, you can also create a
separate program environment by invoking a TSO command using the TSO/E
TSOEXEC command or the underlying IKJEFTSR programming service.
A clean or controlled environment indicates that the user has run only programs
defined as controlled programs. You define programs through the PROGRAM class
in RACF, as shown earlier. You can also define programs that reside in the UNIX
file system as controlled programs, by using the UNIX extattr command with the +p
option. Refer to z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for more information.
Recommendations:
1. To simplify the work of keeping a users environment clean, define certain
libraries using the PROGRAM profile * or **, rather than trying to define each of
the programs in the libraries individually. Also, use PROGRAM ** rather than
PROGRAM *. Just as with generic profiles in other classes, using ** enables
you to list just that profile when you want it with the RLIST command. If you
define PROGRAM *, you will list all profiles in the PROGRAM class when you
issue the RLIST command. This may provide several listings and make it more
difficult for you to find the profiles you are most interested in.
2. As a starting point for defining a clean environment, examine your system link
list and define PROGRAM ** entries for the IBM-supplied libraries in the link list
to ensure that RACF considers all the programs in those libraries controlled.
You might also want to add other IBM-supplied libraries.
Examples: (Note that the following data sets names are only examples and
might be different in your installation.)
RDEFINE PROGRAM ** ADDMEM(SYS1.LINKLIB//NOPADCHK) UACC(READ)
RALTER PROGRAM ** ADDMEM(SYS1.MIGLIB//NOPADCHK)
RALTER PROGRAM ** ADDMEM(SYS1.CMDLIB//NOPADCHK)
RALTER PROGRAM ** ADDMEM(cee.version.SCEERUN//NOPADCHK)
RALTER PROGRAM ** ADDMEM( +
TCPIP.SEZALOAD//NOPADCHK +
TCPIP.SEZATCP//NOPADCHK +
db2.DSNLOAD//NOPADCHK +
db2.DSNEXIT//NOPADCHK +
ftp.userexits//NOPADCHK)
3. If you include SYS1.LINKLIB in PROGRAM ** or PROGRAM *, you should

define specific profiles for programs ICHDSM00 and IRRDPI00, two programs
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Program control
that RACF ships in SYS1.LINKLIB and that you probably do not want available
to all users. Refer to z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide
for a description of IRRDPI00, and to z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors
Guide for a description of ICHDSM00, which should help you decide which
users to authorize for these programs.
RDEFINE PROGRAM ICHDSM00 ADDMEM(SYS1.LINKLIB//NOPADCHK) UACC(NONE)
RDEFINE PROGRAM IRRDPI00 ADDMEM(SYS1.LINKLIB//NOPADCHK) UACC(NONE)
PERMIT ICHDSM00 CLASS(PROGRAM) ID(authorized IDs) ACCESS(READ)
PERMIT IRRDPI00 CLASS(PROGRAM) ID(authorized IDs) ACCESS(READ)
4. Specify UACC(READ) for PROGRAM ** or PROGRAM *. With these

definitions, you are only trying to keep the environment clean, and are not
actually trying to control which users can run programs. Using a value other
than READ for UACC on this profile can cause system problems. To avoid
some of these problems, RACF grants READ authority when all of the following
conditions are true:
v A user loads a program from SYS1.LINKLIB
v The program is protected by PROGRAM ** or PROGRAM *
v The access request is processed using the profile values UACC(NONE) or
ID(*) with ACCESS(NONE)
Tips:
1. For the purposes of keeping the environment clean, you do not need to worry
about defining programs in the system link pack area (LPA, PLPA, FLPA, MLPA,
dynamic LPA) because RACF always considers those programs controlled.
2. If a user tries to do something that requires a clean environment and RACF
disallows that action because the user has a dirty environment, RACF issues
messages to the job log or system log describing why the problem occurred.
More complex controls: Using EXECUTE access for programs or

libraries (BASIC mode)
As discussed above using access levels of READ or NONE to allow or restrict
access to programs is a simple form of program control. However, in some cases
you might have programs that contain sensitive data (such as passwords or PIN
numbers) or algorithms. While you might want to let some users execute those
programs, you might not want them to examine the data or algorithms contained
within the programs.
In these cases, consider using an access level of EXECUTE for the PROGRAM
profile, and possibly an access level of EXECUTE for the library that contains the
programs. Programs protected this way are called execute-controlled. This section
discusses the use of EXECUTE access when running in BASIC program security
mode. Using EXECUTE in ENHANCED program security mode is discussed in
Using EXECUTE access for programs and libraries in ENHANCED mode on page
321.
If you need to use EXECUTE access, you must ensure that the users running
programs do so in a clean environment. Further details on setting up a clean
environment for your users is discussed in Maintaining a clean environment in
BASIC or ENHANCED mode on page 309. RACF requires a clean environment
because, otherwise, a user could write his own program that would load the
execute-controlled program into storage and dump its contents to a print file or just
copy it to another file of the users choosing. The user could then examine the
program contents and see the data you had wanted to protect. Since RACF
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Program control
requires a clean environment for use of EXECUTE access, a user cannot write his
own program to do this, because his program is not controlled (not defined by a
PROGRAM profile) and would make the environment become dirty, preventing
subsequent access to execute-controlled programs.
You can specify an access level of EXECUTE on the PROGRAM profile for the
program that contains the sensitive data or algorithm. You can also specify
EXECUTE as an access level for the library containing the program. In either case,
when the user attempts to run the execute-controlled program, RACF prevents the
loading of the module except into a clean environment. Once all execute-controlled
modules the user has run have completed execution and the system has removed
them from storage, RACF allows the environment to become dirty if the user then
tries to run a non-controlled program.
To decide whether to use EXECUTE for only the PROGRAM profile or also for the
DATASET profile that protects the programs library, you must consider certain
aspects of the library. See Protecting program libraries on page 313 for more
information.
Migrating from BASIC to ENHANCED program security mode

With ENHANCED-WARNING mode, RACF ensures that programs accessing data
sets through PADS, accessing SERVAUTH resources by programs, or running
execute-controlled programs meet the added restrictions of ENHANCED mode.
However, if they do not meet the added restrictions, RACF still allows the access if
it would have worked in BASIC mode. This allows you to test your setup to make
sure it is suitable for ENHANCED mode while continuing to operate like BASIC
mode while you adjust your profiles.
Recommendation: Use ENHANCED-WARNING program security mode as part of
your implementation of ENHANCED program security mode.
When you start this migration, you will have some profiles defined in the
PROGRAM class but probably none of them specify APPLDATA(MAIN) or
APPLDATA(BASIC) as those specifications dont mean anything in BASIC program
security mode. You probably do not have the IRR.PGMSECURITY profile defined in
the FACILITY class, or else you have it defined but specified APPLDATA(BASIC).
To begin your migration:
1. Begin figuring out which programs you must define as MAIN or BASIC. You can
do this by examining your DATASET and SERVAUTH profiles to see which ones
have conditional access lists that specify WHEN(PROGRAM(program-name)).
To simplify this task, consider using database unload (IRRDBU00) and looking
for the type 0402 and 0507 records. (Refer to z/OS Security Server RACF
Macros and Interfaces for the description of these records).
2. From the type 0402 records for DATASET profiles, select the ones that have
DSACC_CATYPE=PROGRAM and find the program name in
DSACC_CANAME. These programs are candidates for the MAIN or BASIC
attribute.
3. From the type 0507 records for SERVAUTH profiles, select the ones that have
GRCACC_CATYPE=PROGRAM and find the program name in
GRCACC_CANAME. These programs are candidates for the MAIN or BASIC
attribute.
4. For each program (for example, program Y) that you find, determine if users
execute program Y, or if they execute some other program (for example,
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program X) that in turn executes Y. In the first case, you probably only have Y in
the conditional access list, and you would define Y as a MAIN or BASIC
program. In the second case, both X and Y are in the conditional access list, so
you should define X as a MAIN or BASIC program.
5. For each of those programs, determine whether the program needs to be run in
batch, TSO, or both. If the program only needs to be run in batch, you can
define the program as MAIN. If program needs to be run in TSO or in both
batch and TSO, you must consider how the users run the programs in TSO. If
the users use the TSO/E TSOEXEC command to run the programs, or run them
from another program that uses IKJEFTSR to invoke them, you can define the
programs as MAIN. If this is not the case, you must define the program as
BASIC or find a way for the users to invoke them through TSOEXEC or
IKJEFTSR. If these are not possible, you may need to consider the more
difficult option of redesigning the programs to work with IKJEFTSR.
6. After you gather your list of programs that you will define with the MAIN or
BASIC attribute, use the RLIST command to determine whether you have the
programs defined with specific profiles (such as PROGRAM XYZ) or if you
have them defined with non-specific profiles (such as PROGRAM XY* or
PROGRAM **). If the programs have specific profiles, the profiles can be
modified using the RALTER command to specify APPLDATA(MAIN) or
APPLDATA(BASIC). However, if you have protected the programs with
non-specific profiles, you must use the RDEFINE command to define a new
specific profile for each of the programs you need to define as MAIN or BASIC.
Once these steps are complete you should:
1. Make a similar examination of IRRDBU00 output, looking at the records that
indicate execute-controlled libraries:
v Type 0400 records with a DSBD_UACC value of EXECUTE
v Type 0402 records with a DSCACC_ACCESS value of EXECUTE
v Type 0404 records with a DSACC_ACCESS value of EXECUTE
Examine the programs in those libraries to see which you need to define as
MAIN or BASIC, using similar criteria as used for PADS.
2. Look at the records that indicate execute-controlled programs,
v Type 0500 records with GRBD_CLASS_NAME of PROGRAM that have
GRBD_UACC of EXECUTE
v Type 0505 records with GRACC_CLASS_NAME of PROGRAM that have
GRACC_ACCESS of EXECUTE
Examine the programs in those libraries to see which you need to define as
MAIN or BASIC.
When this is complete, you can switch to ENHANCED-WARNING mode to find out
if you have any other changes that must be made. To switch to
ENHANCED-WARNING mode:
1. Use the RDEFINE command to define IRR.PGMSECURITY profile in the
FACILITY class, and specify an APPLDATA value other than ENHANCED or
BASIC. For example:
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.PGMSECURITY APPLDATA(ENHWARN)
2. Issue the SETROPTS REFRESH command to change modes.

SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH
To ease migration from BASIC to ENHANCED program security mode, the mode
switch does not affect systems running any release earlier than z/OS V1R4. It also
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Program control
does not affect jobs, started tasks, or TSO sessions that are already running. For
this reason, you should IPL the system at least once while in ENHANCEDWARNING mode to ensure that you test any jobs, started tasks, and TSO users
that started before you migrated from BASIC to ENHANCED program security
mode.
While running in ENHANCED-WARNING mode, you may receive messages
ICH427I or ICH430I to indicate the need for further necessary changes. After
receiving the messages, making the relevant changes, and allowing a sufficient test
period of running in ENHANCED-WARNING mode without getting further
messages, you can switch to ENHANCED program security mode. To do this:
1. Modify the APPLDATA value for the IRR.PGMSECURITY profile by issuing:
RALTER FACILITY IRR.PGMSECURITY APPLDATA(ENHANCED)
2. Change modes by issuing:

Again, the mode switch does not affect systems running a release earlier than z/OS
V1R4. It also does not affect any jobs, started tasks, or TSO sessions that are
already running. So, again, you must IPL the system to fully implement the change.
You should not have any problems as a result of this IPL, because you have
already IPLed once in ENHANCED-WARNING mode and subsequently fixed any
problems that caused RACF messages.
Recommendation: If you have several systems, consider having a SPECIAL user
logged on to TSO on one of them while you IPL to fix any unexpected problem that
may arise.
Protecting program libraries

Program libraries can be for public use or for private (limited) use. You designate a
set of libraries as public by placing the libraries in the system link list concatenation,
which is SYS1.LINKLIB and any program libraries concatenated to SYS1.LINKLIB
through the use of the LNKLSTxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB.
A private load library is one that is not in the system link list or one that is explicitly
accessed as a private library (even if in the system link list) through:
v A JOBLIB, STEPLIB DD, or other form of tasklib
v A TSO/E CALL command of the form:
CALL library_name(program_name)
For programs in a system link list library, the user generally does not need access
to the library itself, and you could grant the user the following access authorities:
v READ: if the user is authorized to examine the content of programs or copying
programs from the library
v NONE: if the user is not authorized to examine the content of programs or copy
them.
Note: Users do not need access to libraries in the link list in order to run programs
from them if they allow the system to load their programs from the link list
itself. However, users need access to any library referenced as a private
library (for example, using a JOBLIB, STEPLIB, or the TSO/E CALL
library-name(program_name) command). Even if you have users issuing the
TSO/E CALL command, you can still grant NONE authority to the library if
they use a different form of the command, CALL *(program_name). This
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Program control
command instructs the system to find the program in the LNKLIST or
link-pack area without specifically accessing the library itself. If the users
cannot use that form of CALL, or need to reference the library as part of
JOBLIB or STEPLIB, you must treat the library as a private library if you do
not want the user inspecting the library contents.
To protect a private library from a user viewing its content or copying programs from
it, grant the user EXECUTE authority to the library itself through the DATASET
profile that protects the library. For example, if you have a library named
AAA.LIBRARY1, you could issue either of the following examples:
Examples:
1. ADDSD AAA.LIBRARY1 UACC(EXECUTE)
2. ADDSD AAA.LIBRARY1 UACC(NONE)
PERMIT AAA.LIBRARY1 ID(*) ACCESS(EXECUTE)
When EXECUTE authority is the highest access level that users have to a private
load library, the library is known as an execute-controlled library. If some users have
EXECUTE authority, and some have READ authority, the library is
execute-controlled for some users and not for others.
Recommendation: In general, grant READ access rather than EXECUTE unless
you have a strong need to prevent users from viewing the contents of a program
library. Using EXECUTE requires that you keep the users program execution
environments clean, and requires more administrative effort and restrictions on how
the users can access programs from the libraries.
Restriction: If you want EXECUTE restrictions to apply to a user who has
OPERATIONS authority, you must explicitly PERMIT that user or one of the users
groups to the DATASET profile with EXECUTE authority. UACC(EXECUTE) or
ID(*) ACCESS(EXECUTE) does not make a library execute-controlled for a user
with OPERATIONS authority.
Program access to data sets (PADS) in BASIC mode

Program access to data sets allows users or groups of users to access data sets
with higher authority than they would normally have, but only while running a
specified program. This is useful when using a program that in some way restricts
the users view of the data, by applying additional validation to some action the user
wants to take.
To set up program access to data sets, create a conditional access list for the data
set profile protecting the data sets. To do this, specify
WHEN(PROGRAM(program_name)) with the ID and ACCESS operands on the
PERMIT command. This specification grants the higher access only while the users
are running that program.
Restriction: Specifying ALTER in a conditional access list usually provides authority
no greater than UPDATE (for non-VSAM data sets) or CONTROL (for VSAM data
sets). Specifically, ACCESS(ALTER) with WHEN(PROGRAM(...)) does not allow
users to delete or allocate the data set through JCL. Deletion or allocation only
works through PADS when the program internally performs the deletion or allocation
itself by invoking the appropriate system functions, but this is not typical behavior
for most programs.
To understand which programs to specify in the conditional access list you need
some information about how the user invokes the program and how the program
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Program control
operates. Several cases are illustrated at a high-level. Some of these cases are
complex because of the rules that RACF must enforce in order to ensure a secure
environment. Therefore, you may need to know more about the design of an
application or the way a TSO user invokes a program than you already know. Such
cases are described in greater detail but you may wish to involve a systems
programmer to evaluate them.
1. The user invokes the program PROG1 through JCL:
//stepname EXEC PGM=PROG1
//ddname DD DSN=some.dataset,DISP=SHR or OLD or MOD
Program PROG1 issues the OPEN for some.dataset itself. In this case, make
sure that you have defined PROG1 in the PROGRAM class as a controlled
program and specified PROG1 in the DATASET class on the conditional access
list:
RDEFINE PROGRAM PROG1 UACC(READ)
ADDSD some.dataset ACCESS(NONE)
PERMIT some.dataset ID(userid or *) WHEN(PROGRAM(PROG1)) ACCESS(READ or UPDATE)
For the ID operand, you can supply a specific user ID or group name, or you
can specify * to indicate that any user allowed to run the program gets that
access level if the standard access list did not grant a sufficient security level. If
you define PROG1 with a specific PROGRAM profile, such as PROGRAM PROG1,
and provide a specific access list for that profile, you might want to use ID(*) in
the conditional access list so you have only one access list (PROGRAM PROG1) to
maintain. If you define PROG1 through PROGRAM ** or if you grant UACC(READ)
or ID(*) ACCESS(READ) to PROGRAM PROG1, you might want to supply a
specific user ID or group name in the conditional access list for some.dataset.
2. The user invokes the program (PROG1) at the TSO/E READY prompt:
v Directly as a TSO command using the TSO/E CALL command
v Through a REXX exec that uses one of the following REXX statements:
address LINKMVS
address LINKPGM
address ATTACH
address ATTCHMVS
address ATTCHPGM
PROG1 then issues the OPEN itself.
Keeping a clean environment is generally harder to manage in TSO than in
batch. As a result, you must take more care with the definition of PROGRAM **
than for the batch case. However, assuming that you have kept the users
environment clean by defining the appropriate programs and libraries, this case
is the same as the batch case above and it is not described further.
Recommendation: For the use of CALL or the REXX functions, make sure you
use NOPADCHK when defining the entries in PROGRAM **. If you use
PADCHK you may need to define additional programs in the conditional access
list.
3. The user invokes the program (PROG1) under ISPF:
v Directly as a TSO command or using the TSO/E CALL command
v Through the ISPF SELECT CMD(PROG1) or SELECT PGM(PROG1)
functions
v Through a REXX exec that uses one of the following REXX statements:
address LINKMVS
address LINKPGM
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Program control
address ATTACH
address ATTCHMVS
address ATTCHPGM
PROG1 then issues the OPEN itself.
This case is very similar to case 2 above. However, it raises the additional
possibility that the user is running in ISPF split-screen mode. In split-screen
mode, the user might have initiated several programs and they might all be
active at the same time. Suppose that the user has split his ISPF screen, and
has program PROGA active on the first screen while trying to run PROG1 on
the second screen. In this case, in order for PADS to work for PROG1, PROGA
must be defined to RACF, as well. If you defined it with the NOPADCHK
attribute, you can simply specify PROG1 in the conditional access list as you
did for cases 1 and 2 above. However, if you defined it with PADCHK, you must
have a second conditional access list entry granting PROGA authority to the
data set. For this situation, you would issue the following commands:
RDEFINE PROGRAM PROG1 UACC(READ)
RDEFINE PROGRAM PROGA UACC(READ)
ADDSD some.dataset ACCESS(NONE)
PERMIT some.dataset ID(userid) WHEN(PROGRAM(PROG1)
ACCESS(READ or UPDATE)
PERMIT some.dataset ID(userid or *) WHEN(PROGRAM(PROGA)
ACCESS(READ or UPDATE)
4. The user invokes PROG1 under TSO as above (cases 2 or 3), but you cannot
keep his environment clean. For example, perhaps the user must run programs
that you do not want to define as controlled programs because you do not trust
them. In that case, when the user runs such programs the environment
becomes dirty, and subsequently he cannot invoke PROG1 in a normal fashion
if you want PADS to work.
If you have this situation, and if PROG1 does not need to invoke ISPF services
through ISPLINK, you can still allow use of PADS by having the user run
PROG1 through the TSO/E TSOEXEC command or (from another program) by
the TSO/E IKJEFTSR callable service. Both of these mechanisms can create a
new, temporary program environment that is clean and safe to use with PADS.
The user might invoke PROG1 by issuing TSOEXEC PROG1 or
TSOEXEC CALL *(PROG1) or some similar operation (such as a REXX exec
or CLIST). You can then specify PROG1 in your conditional access list as you
did for cases 1 and 2 above. Note that for this case, even if the user is using
ISPF split-screen mode, you do not need to worry about putting other programs
in the conditional access list.
5. The user invokes PROG1, and PROG1 invokes another program PROG2, and
PROG2 OPENs the data set.
Assumptions:
a. You have defined both PROG1 and PROG2 as controlled programs using
the NOPADCHK attribute.
b. PROG1 invokes PROG2 through the MVS LINK or ATTACH services. If
PROG1 issues MVS LOAD for PROG2, you just define PROG1 in the
conditional access list (allowing you to skip Step 6 below). Conversely, if
PROG1 invokes PROG2 through the MVS XCTL service, you just define
PROG2 in the conditional access list (allowing you to skip Step 6 below).
c. The user invoked PROG1 through some function that uses the MVS
ATTACH service:
v JCL
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Program control
v
v
v
v
Directly as a TSO command

Through TSOEXEC or IKJEFTSR service
Through ISPF SELECT CMD(PROG1),
Through one of the following REXX statements:
address ATTACH
address ATTCHMVS
address ATTCHPGM
6. Considering these assumptions, you have two ways of specifying your

conditional access list:
a. Since PROG2 issues the OPEN, you can specify
WHEN(PROGRAM(PROG2)). You do not need to mention PROG1 in the
conditional access list unless you defined PROG1 with PADCHK.
b. Starting with z/OS V1R4, you can specify WHEN(PROGRAM(PROG1)). You
do not need to mention PROG2 in the conditional access list unless you
defined PROG2 with PADCHK.
Note: With programs written in IBMs C, C++, COBOL, or PL/I, you can usually
specify the name of the main program in the conditional access list.
Rules:
1. When you are creating an entry in a conditional access list, the program name
you specify cannot contain any generic characters. For example, if you specify
WHEN(PROGRAM(*)), WHEN(PROGRAM(IKJ*)), or
WHEN(PROGRAM(ABC00%), the entry does not grant any authority. You must
specify the exact program name. For more information, refer to z/OS Security
2. In certain cases, if you have a program (such as PROG1) that runs under ISPF
and uses the ISPF LMOPEN service to open a data set, you can grant access
using PADS. In order to do this, the users ISPF dialog must invoke PROG1
using SELECT PGM(PROG1). PROG1 can then use ISPLINK to invoke
LMOPEN. You must then specify WHEN(PROGRAM(PROG1)) in the conditional
access list.
3. Program access to data sets does not allow different programs with the same
name to exist in different libraries requiring different access levels. For example,
if you have a program PROGA in library load.library1 and also have a program
PROGA in another.load.library, there would be no distinction between these
programs in the conditional access list.
4. ALTER access authority in a conditional access list does not allow the creation
or deletion of the data set through JCL. To create or delete a particular data set
while running a particular program, and if the data set is to be allocated through
JCL, do not grant ALTER authority through PADS. At the time the system
creates or deletes the data set through JCL, the program specified in the JCL is
not running, and PADS cannot work. You can only allow the creation or deletion
of a data set through PADS if the program asks the system to allocate or delete
the data set during execution, which is not typical of normal program behavior.
To allow the allocation or deletion of data sets through PADS, write an
application to use dynamic allocation (SVC99) to allocate a data set rather than
allocate it using JCL. The creation of the data set while running the new
program can be allowed, and the new program can then invoke the original
application program.
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Program control
Note: As mentioned in case 5 above, beginning with z/OS V1R4, you have more
flexibility in specifying programs in a conditional access list. To explain this, some
familiarity with certain MVS technical terms is necessary. Generally, programs run
under MVS tasks. A program running in one task can attach a subtask (also known
as a child task) using the MVS ATTACH service. A program can also invoke another
program within the same task (rather than a subtask) using the MVS LINK service.
MVS represents a task by a control block called a TCB, and it represents a
program running in a task (TCB) with a program request block (PRB). As a result, if
a program invokes another program through LINK, you now have one task (TCB)
with two programs (PRBs).
When considering what program to specify in the conditional access list, you can
use either the program issuing the OPEN (current PRB, in MVS terms) or you can
specify one of the following:
1. The program represented by the first PRB for the current task (generally the first
program run in the task, unless that program used the MVS XCTL service to
transfer control to another program)
2. The program represented by the first PRB for the current tasks parent task, or
the parent tasks parent, up to the job step task or the task established by
TSOEXEC or IKJEFTSR.
Consequently, if:
1. The user executes PROG1
2. PROG1 LINKs to PROG2
3. PROG2 issues the OPEN
you can specify PROG2 or PROG1 in the conditional access list.
If:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The user executes PROG1

PROG1 LINKs to PROG2
PROG2 ATTACHes PROG3
PROG3 LINKs to PROG4
PROG4 issues the OPEN
you can specify:

v PROG4 (program issuing OPEN)
v PROG3 (first PRB in current task)
v PROG1 (first PRB in parent task)
Remember, this flexibility exists only starting with z/OS V1R4. Prior to that you
would have to specify the program that issues the OPEN.
Choosing between the PADCHK and NOPADCHK operands

With the RDEFINE and RALTER commands for PROGRAM profiles, you can also
specify PADCHK or NOPADCHK with the ADDMEM operand. Your choice affects
how PADS operates, and which programs you must specify in the conditional
access list for a data set when using PADS.
During PADS processing, RACF looks at the program that issued the OPEN for a
data set and at other programs executing in the users program environment. For
example, in a TSO environment, when a user runs a program, such as PROG1,
other programs will most likely be running concurrently (including such programs as
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Program control
ISPF and various parts of TSO/E). When RACF makes its decision to allow access
through PADS, you must have one program in the conditional access list. This can
either be the program that issued the OPEN or a higher program in the execution
hierarchy (as mentioned before). Additionally, if the user has any other non-LPA
programs active, and you defined those programs with PADCHK, you must include
them in the conditional access list as well.
RACF also checks the PADCHK/NOPADCHK status of a program when a user tries
to run a new program. RACF checks if the user has any data sets already open
using PADS. If so, and if you define the new program with PADCHK, RACF ensures
that the program is included in the data sets conditional access list before allowing
the user to run the program.
PADCHK is the default when you define a PROGRAM to RACF or when you create
a new ADDMEM entry for an existing PROGRAM profile.
Recommendations:
1. If you are defining a program that you trust to operate in a safe manner and not
attempt to violate security, specify NOPADCHK to help minimize the size of your
conditional access lists and the work you need to do to administer them. Use
NOPADCHK for the PROGRAM ** or PROGRAM * profiles and for any other
cases where you trust a program to access only the data it should.
PADCHK might be most appropriate for user-written programs that are not
completely trusted. This includes the case where you are willing to call them
controlled and define them with PROGRAM profiles so they can use PADS, but
you want them usable only with data sets you have specifically authorized them
to. You do not trust them to function appropriately in an environment with other
programs running that also make use of PADS.
2. For best results, do not mix PADCHK and NOPADCHK definitions in the same
PROGRAM profile. When some members of a PROGRAM profile have been
defined with PADCHK and some with NOPADCHK, RACF uses PADCHK for all
members.
Program access to SERVAUTH resources in BASIC or ENHANCED

mode
You can allow users to access IP addresses only when executing certain programs
when you protect the names of network security zones (containing IP addresses)
using SERVAUTH class resources. For example, when you control access to
network security zones, you can permit network administrators to access certain
zones only when using the ping and traceroute commands. For more information
about using SERVAUTH resources to control access to network security zones, see
z/OS Communications Server: IP Configuration Guide.
To set up program control for a SERVAUTH resource (representing a network
security zone), create a profile in the SERVAUTH class specifying UACC(NONE), or
specify ID(*) ACCESS(NONE) to ensure no access by general users. Then, permit
certain users using WHEN(PROGRAM(program-name)) with the ID and ACCESS
operands on the PERMIT command:
Example:
RDEFINE SERVAUTH resource-name UACC(NONE)
PERMIT resource-name CLASS(SERVAUTH) ID(user or group or *) ACCESS(READ)
WHEN(PROGRAM(program-name))
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Program control
This example permits the specified users or groups to access network security
zones protected by SERVAUTH resources only when executing the specified
program or command.
Program access to SERVAUTH resources in ENHANCED program security mode
operates much the same as it does in BASIC program security mode, with one
exception. RACF allows program access to SERVAUTH resources to operate in
ENHANCED program security mode only when one of the following is true:
v The program that established the current program environment has the MAIN
attribute
v The current program or the first program executed in the current or a parent MVS
task has the BASIC attribute
Note: For checking MAIN programs, the environment is considered established by
the initial program executed in the job step, or the initial program executed
by TSOEXEC or the IKJEFTSR service, or the initial UNIX program exec()ed
or spawn()ed (non-local case only).
As with program access to data sets, you must maintain a clean environment to
control program access to SERVAUTH resources. (For details, see Maintaining a
clean environment in BASIC or ENHANCED mode on page 309.) Unlike program
access to data sets, the PADCHK/NOPADCHK operands have no meaning and are
ignored.
ENHANCED program security mode

ENHANCED program security mode provides better security for the use of PADS,
program access to SERVAUTH resources, execute-controlled programs, and
optionally for UNIX servers and daemons.
Rules:
1. When you choose to run in ENHANCED program security mode, you must
identify the programs that you expect users to execute that make use of PADS
or program access to SERVAUTH resources, or run execute-controlled
programs.
2. You must identify those programs to RACF as either MAIN (recommended) or
BASIC programs to indicate your higher level of trust in the way they operate.
RACF restricts the use of PADS, program access to SERVAUTH resources, and
execute-controlled programs to a program environment established by one of
those programs. This provides a more controlled, or restricted, environment for
the use of PADS, program access to SERVAUTH resources, and
execute-controlled programs. This further ensures that malicious users cannot
misuse the system to inappropriately gain access to protected data.
Program access to data sets (PADS) in ENHANCED mode

This topic addresses only the differences between using PADS running in
ENHANCED program security mode and PADS running in BASIC program security
mode. Refer to Program access to data sets (PADS) in BASIC mode on page 314
for additional information.
PADS in ENHANCED program security mode operates the same as PADS in
BASIC program security mode, with one exception. RACF allows PADS to operate
in ENHANCED program security mode only when one of the following is true:
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Program control
attribute
Note: For checking MAIN programs, the environment is considered established by
the initial program executed in the job step, or the initial program executed
by TSOEXEC or the IKJEFTSR service, or the initial UNIX program exec()ed
or spawn()ed (non-local case only).
Using EXECUTE access for programs and libraries in ENHANCED

mode
This topic addresses only the differences caused by running in ENHANCED
program security mode. Refer to More complex controls: Using EXECUTE access
for programs or libraries (BASIC mode) on page 310 for additional information.
Just as with PADS, ENHANCED program security mode puts additional restrictions
on the use of execute-controlled programs. It does not matter whether they are
execute-controlled because the user has EXECUTE via a PROGRAM profile or via
a DATASET profile; RACF treats both forms of execute-control the same for this
purpose.
When running in BASIC program security mode, RACF allows access to
execute-controlled programs only when the UACC or access list allowed the access
and the user had a clean (controlled) program environment. When running in
ENHANCED program security mode, just as with PADS, RACF has an additional
requirement. One of the following must be true:
attribute
When to use MAIN or BASIC

When considering whether to define a controlled program as a MAIN program, you
should choose one for the following:
v Programs that the user executes directly using JCL
v Programs that the user executes through the TSO/E TSOEXEC command or
IKJEFTSR callable service
You should not specify MAIN for programs invoked in other ways because RACF
does not honor the MAIN attribute in other cases.
Alternatively, if you have a need to use PADS or execute-controlled programs under
TSO, but not through TSOEXEC or IKJEFTSR, you can define your trusted initial
program as a BASIC program. Using BASIC programs provides less security
against malicious users than using MAIN programs, but is required if you decide to
use PADS or execute-controlled programs in TSO without using TSOEXEC or
IKJEFTSR.
For example:
1. A user must run program PROG1 only in batch using JCL (such as // EXEC
PGM=PROG1) and PROG1 must OPEN a data set through PADS. You expect the
user to only run PROG1 in batch using JCL, and not to run it under TSO/E. You
can define PROG1 with the MAIN attribute and allow this usage.
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Program control
2. A user must run program PROG1 in batch and under TSO/E, but under TSO/E
the user can use TSOEXEC or TSOEXEC CALL *(PROG1) to run it, and
PROG1 must use PADS. Again, you can define PROG1 with the MAIN attribute.
3. A user must run program PROG2, which is an execute-controlled program.
PROG2 should be run using JCL or TSOEXEC. You can define PROG2 with the
MAIN attribute to allow this.
4. A user must run PROG1 (which uses PADS) or PROG2 (an execute-controlled
program) under TSO/E without using TSOEXEC. In this case, you can define
PROG1 or PROG2 with the BASIC attribute to allow it to run.
5. A user must run PROG3 (which invokes another program that uses PADS) or
PROG4 (which invokes an execute-controlled program). If the user runs PROG3
or PROG4 only using JCL or TSOEXEC, you can use the MAIN attribute when
defining PROG3 or PROG4. However, if the user needs to run PROG3 or
PROG4 as a normal TSO command, you would define them using the BASIC
attribute.
Note: If a user runs an APF-authorized program in TSO, and you have identified
that program to TSO/E (through member IKJTSOxx of your system
parameter library) as one that should run with APF authority, TSO/E
automatically uses the IKJEFTSR service to run the program, and you can
define it as MAIN, rather than BASIC.
Effectively, when defining programs, you can indicate several levels of trust in the
way that programs operate, based on the attributes you choose. You could define a
program using the PADCHK operand, indicating that the program must have an
entry in a data sets conditional access list before PADS is allowed with that
program in storage. The program is still a controlled program but is not as trusted
as a program defined with NOPADCHK. NOPADCHK indicates to RACF that you
trust the program not to try to access a data set inappropriately when some other
concurrently-executing program opens a data set using PADS.
Beyond PADCHK and NOPADCHK, you can identify a program as MAIN, BASIC, or
neither. You identify most programs as neither MAIN nor BASIC, by specifying
PROGRAM *, PROGRAM **, or another PROGRAM profile with a name that ends
with an asterisk (*). Again, these programs are controlled, but it is possible that not
enough is known about the way they operate to mark them as trusted (which
initiates an environment in which PADS or execute-controlled programs are used).
Recommendations:
1. When deciding to define a program as MAIN or BASIC, select programs that
perform a well-defined set of operations and do not accept the address of a
user-supplied routine as a parameter.
2. Do not define the TSO/E terminal monitor program (TMP) or any part of it (such
as IKJEFT01, IKJEFT1A, IKJEFT1B, IKJEFT02), or ISPF or any part of it (such
as ISPF, ISPSTART, ISPMAIN) as MAIN or BASIC because these programs
provide too much of a generalized environment controlled by the user.
If you have chosen to enable this stronger security for UNIX servers and daemons
by defining FACILITY profile BPX.MAINCHECK (refer to z/OS UNIX System
Services Planning for details), you must define some UNIX programs as MAIN, and
possibly copy them from the UNIX file system into a standard MVS load library.
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Program control
Defining programs as MAIN or BASIC

Once you have decided which of your programs to define as MAIN and which as
BASIC (if any), you assign these attributes using the APPLDATA operand on an
RDEFINE PROGRAM or RALTER PROGRAM command. Specify an APPLDATA
value of MAIN or BASIC on the RDEFINE or RALTER command for a PROGRAM
profile whose name does not end with an asterisk (*). RACF does not honor the
MAIN or BASIC attributes if the profile name ends in an asterisk, but only honors it
for profiles defining specific programs.
MAIN denotes the program as a MAIN program, assuming it is invoked as the first
program in a job step or through the TSO/E TSOEXEC command or IKJEFTSR
service. BASIC denotes the program as one that can access data through PADS,
or run EXECUTE-controlled programs, whether or not it runs within an environment
started by a MAIN program.
A program cannot be both a MAIN and a BASIC program because RACF honors
the APPLDATA specification only if it is MAIN or BASIC (possibly followed by
blanks).
Tip: If a program needs both the MAIN and BASIC specifications, specify BASIC
and accept the reduced level of security for all uses of the program, or create two
differently-named copies of the program and protect each separately with
PROGRAM profiles, specifying one as MAIN and one as BASIC.
Since RACF restricts usage of PADS and execute-controlled programs to
environments established by a MAIN or BASIC program, there might be situations
where the program that establishes the environment resides in the system link pack
area (LPA, PLPA, FLPA, MLPA, or dynamic LPA). If you need to define such a
program to RACF to indicate to RACF that it has the MAIN or BASIC attribute, use
a library name of LPALST:
RDEFINE PROGRAM LPAPROG ADDMEM(LPALST) APPLDATA(MAIN)
For programs in the link pack area, RACF allows users to execute the program,
regardless of the UACC or access list, and RACF treats the program as having the
NOPADCHK attribute. Define it in the PROGRAM class only if you need to provide
a MAIN or BASIC attribute for it.
Notes:
1. You can optionally specify blanks at the end of the APPLDATA value. RACF
considers, for example, MAIN and MAIN , or BASIC and BASIC
as
equivalent.
2. RACF does not validate the APPLDATA value when you specify it with the
RDEFINE or RALTER command. When RACF is told to run in ENHANCED
program security mode using FACILITY profile IRR.PGMSECURITY, if RACF
reads a PROGRAM profile defining a specific program and finds that
APPLDATA specifies the MAIN or BASIC values, it assigns the attribute to the
program. This is done during the processing of SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM)
or SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH, or during system initialization
(IPL). If APPLDATA contains some other value, RACF ignores it without issuing
an error message.
3. When invoking MVS load modules through z/OS UNIX (such as exec(),
exec_mvs(), or an exec where UNIX loads a load module rather than an HFS
file) the MAIN setting for a PROGRAM is effective only in limited cases.
Specifically, it is effective when the exec() processing results in a new job step
task, but not for the local spawn exec() processing because this processing
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results in the creation of a new subtask rather than a job step task.
Consequently, exec() of load module, exec_mvs(), and non-local spawn(), or
their z/OS UNIX assembler callable service equivalents, preserve the effect of
the MAIN PROGRAM attribute.
4. Using MAIN or BASIC on the definition of programs that are loaded through
the z/OS Run-Time Library Services (RTLS) functions supplied by the
CSVRTLS macro might or might not be effective. First, after loading the module,
the program using CSVRTLS has to invoke the JPA copy of the module using
ATTACH, which is atypical usage of CSVRTLS. Second, even if a program uses
CSVRTLS and ATTACH in this manner, if the you have configured RTLS so the
requested module was pre-loaded into the RTLS cache in CSA, the MAIN or
BASIC attribute does not take effect. However, this affects modules only when
they are accessed through RTLS. Instead, if a module defined to RTLS is
accessed by the normal MVS LINK, LOAD, XCTL, or ATTACH macros, MAIN
or BASIC function normally.
5. When failing a request (or allowing it only due to ENHANCED-WARNING
processing), RACF issues a message indicating the source and name of the
non-MAIN program or the HFS-executable that established the non-MAIN
environment.
How protection works for programs and PADS

This section describes:
v How program control works
v Informational error messages for program control
v Authorization checking for access control to load modules
v Authorization checking for program access to data sets
v How RACF and DFP handle execute-controlled libraries
How program control works

The WHEN(PROGRAM) operand on the SETROPTS command activates program
control and the NOWHEN(PROGRAM) operand deactivates it. You need not
activate the PROGRAM class to have program control active. When program
control is active, during system initialization (IPL) RACF builds an in-storage profile
table composed of the entries in the PROGRAM class (controlled programs). The
table entries describe the programs and who can access them. To refresh this table,
issue SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH.
While building this table, RACF also examines the FACILITY profile
IRR.PGMSECURITY, if it exists and the FACILITY class is active, to determine
whether you want the system to run in BASIC, ENHANCED, or
ENHANCED-WARNING program security mode as described earlier. If you have
FACILITY class profiles resident in-storage (by issuing the SETROPTS
RACLIST(FACILITY) command), RACF examines the in-storage copy of the profile.
Otherwise, RACF reads the profile from the RACF database.
When program control is active, the contents supervision component of MVS
invokes RACF before processing each request to load a module. If the user is not
authorized to execute the program, the system issues an abend and terminates the
request.
Note: If a non-APF authorized program issues a LINK or LOAD and passes
directory information through the DE operand, and the DE information is for
a module from any library that contains a controlled program, contents
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Program control
supervision ignores the supplied DE information and reissues the BLDL
macro just as it would if the DE information indicated that the requested
module was coming from an APF-authorized library. For more information,
refer to z/OS MVS Programming: Assembler Services Reference IAR-XCT
and z/OS MVS Programming: Authorized Assembler Services Guide.
Informational messages for program control

RACF provides several informational error messages in support of your
implementation of program control. These messages are helpful for implementing
WHEN(PROGRAM) access to data sets and SERVAUTH class resources,
execute-control, and ENHANCED program security mode. They also help when
implementing z/OS UNIX servers and daemons in secure systems where the
BPX.DAEMON and BPX.SERVER resources are controlled in the FACILITY class.
(See z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for more information about enabling
z/OS UNIX servers and daemons.)
Authorization checking for access control to load modules

When contents supervision invokes RACF to authorize the loading of a module,
RACF makes several checks. Some of these checks involve program-accessed
data sets. For more information on program-accessed data sets, see Program
access to data sets (PADS) in BASIC mode on page 314.
The checks that RACF makes when a user makes a request to load (execute) a
program are:
1. If program control has been activated with SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM)
2. If program control is active, RACF checks to see whether the program is
protected by a profile in the PROGRAM class
3. If the program is not protected, RACF determines whether there are any data
sets currently open using PADS or whether there are any execute-controlled
programs in storage in the address space.
v If there are no such data sets or programs, RACF marks the environment
dirty (uncontrolled) and allows the user to execute the program.
v If there are data sets currently opened using PADS, or programs to which the
user has only EXECUTE authority, RACF fails the request and the system
abends the task. RACF issues message ICH423I to document the
execute-controlled programs, or message ICH424I to document the PADS
data sets that caused the operation to fail. In this way, RACF prevents
uncontrolled programs from gaining access to protected data or programs
inappropriately.
4. If the program is protected by a profile but the user does not have at least
EXECUTE authority to the program, RACF causes the system to abend the task
because the user is not authorized to execute the program.
5. If the program is protected by a profile and the user has only EXECUTE
authority to the PROGRAM profile or to the library that contains the program
(when the program is loaded from a JOBLIB, STEPLIB, or tasklib), and if the job
step or TSO session is running in ENHANCED program security mode, RACF
checks whether an appropriate program established the program environment.
RACF determines if the first program executed in the job step had the MAIN
attribute, or (if necessary) if the program invoked by TSOEXEC or IKJEFTSR
had the MAIN attribute. If the program does not have MAIN, RACF next
determines if the first program run in the current task (TCB) or the first program
executed in some parent task had the BASIC attribute. If so, RACF allows the
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Program control
request. Otherwise, RACF fails the request and issues message ICH429I to
describe the problem and tell you what program established the environment.
6. If the user is still authorized to execute the program and the program was
defined with the PADCHK attribute, RACF checks whether any
program-accessed data sets are open.
v If no program-accessed data sets are open, RACF allows the user to execute
the program.
v If program-accessed data sets are open, RACF checks the user or program
combination to verify that the combination has at least the same authority to
each data set in the list that was required when each data set was opened.
For more information on the requirements, refer to Program access to data
sets (PADS) in BASIC mode on page 314.
If the use or program combination has sufficient authority to all of the
opened data sets, RACF allows the user to execute the program.
If the user or program combination does not have sufficient authority to all
of the opened data sets, RACF causes the system to end the task (with
abend code 306 or 806).
Note: If you are denied access to a requested resource and you implemented
program control (with or without PADS), RACFs messages should provide
sufficient information to determine the problem. If not, refer to z/OS Security
Server RACF Diagnosis Guide for additional help in determining the cause of
the authorization failure.
Authorization checking for access control to data sets

Whenever a RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH is issued, RACF performs normal
authorization checking for access to a data set. In other words, RACF grants the
request if the UACC is sufficiently high, if the users user ID is in the access list with
sufficient authority, and so forth. If the user is not granted access to the data set
with normal authorization checking, RACF checks the data sets conditional access
list if program control is active and the program currently executing is executing as
a RACF-controlled program in a clean environment.
RACF authorizes the user to open the program-accessed data set with the currently
executing program if all of the following conditions are met:
v The conditional access list contains the name of the currently running program,
the name of the first program currently running in the current task (TCB), or the
name of the first program currently running in a parent task, with the requested
level of access or higher. Prior to z/OS V1R4, RACF required the name of the
currently running program.
v The users group or user ID is associated with the program name in the
conditional access list.
v The current program environment (job step, or task established under TSO/E
using TSOEXEC or IKJEFTSR) is controlled. In other words, it has not loaded an
uncontrolled program. If either of these conditions are not met, the environment
is considered uncontrolled. The users attempt to open the program-accessed
data set fails and the task ends with abend code 913. RACF issues message
ICH417I, specifying what caused the environment to become uncontrolled.
v If the job step or TSO session is running in ENHANCED program security mode,
one of the following is true:
1. The current environment (job step or task created by TSOEXEC or
IKJEFTSR) first ran a program defined with the MAIN attribute.
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Program control
2. The current program running in the current task, or the first program run in
the current task or a parent task, has the BASIC attribute.
If neither of these conditions is met, the users attempt to open the
program-accessed data set fails and the task ends with abend code 913. RACF
issues message ICH426I, specifying the non-MAIN program that established the
current environment.
v If there is more than one controlled program running in the current environment
(job step or task created by TSOEXEC or IKJEFTSR), all of those programs
defined with the PADCHK attribute have conditional access list entries allowing
them to access the data set. If one or more programs in the environment are not
authorized, the attempt fails and the task terminates with abend code 913. RACF
issues message ICH418I specifying one or more programs that were missing
from the conditional access list.
Note: If a TSO user has executed a non-controlled program during the current
session, and then attempts to access a program-accessed data set, the
attempt fails. The TSO user can either log off and log back on, or temporarily
regain a controlled environment by invoking the controlled program through
the TSOEXEC command. When writing a program, you can do the
equivalent by invoking the TSO IKJEFTSR service. For information on using
the IKJEFTSR service, see z/OS TSO/E Programming Guide.
Processing for execute-controlled libraries

When a user or program OPENs a library and has only EXECUTE access to the
library, RACF calls this an execute-controlled library. RACF and the system only
allow usage of the library for loading programs, and do not allow usage of the
library for other I/O that a users program might try to initiate. Effectively, the user
can only use that library as a JOBLIB, STEPLIB, or some other kind of tasklib, for
example, by issuing the TSO/E command:
CALL library_name(program_name)
Opening an execute-controlled library: When a program issues an OPEN request

to READ a data set, the system invokes RACF. If EXECUTE is the highest access
authority that the user is given to the data set, RACF considers the request a
failure, and informs the system of the failure, noting that the user did have
EXECUTE authority. However, RACF does not audit this case unless the DATASET
profile specifies AUDIT(ALL). The system recognizes that the user has EXECUTE
and allows the OPEN to proceed, but marks the control blocks that represent that
data set to indicate that the user had only EXECUTE authority. This means that for
this user, the data set is an execute-controlled data set.
In order to load a program, the program libraries from which it comes must be
opened. The users program does not necessarily code the OPEN. For example, a
JOBLIB or STEPLIB statement causes an OPEN to occur before the module is
fetched.
Notes:
1. Libraries in the system link list concatenation are opened during IPL, and the
programs in them are available to anyone unless the program is defined as a
controlled program. The system link list libraries are never considered
execute-controlled when a user fetches a program through the system link list.
However, if the user specifies a system link list library in a JOBLIB, STEPLIB, or
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Program control
tasklib (for example, through the TSO/E CALL command specifying the library
name) the library is considered execute-controlled for that user if the user has
only EXECUTE authority.
2. If an execute-controlled data set is used in a concatenation of libraries in a DD
statement, the entire concatenation is treated as execute-controlled.
3. If the user has any other access authority to the library (READ, UPDATE,
CONTROL, or ALTER), the library is opened and the user is granted that
access authority.
Fetching a program from an execute-controlled library: After an
execute-controlled library is opened, the user can attempt to execute (fetch) a
program from the library at any time. RACF checks the users program environment
(job step or task established by TSOEXEC or IKJEFTSR) to ensure that it is a
controlled environment.
Notes:
1. If the users program environment (job step or task established by TSOEXEC or
IKJEFTSR) is not controlled, RACF does not allow a program from an
execute-controlled library to be fetched into the environment. Therefore, the
users request to load a program from an execute-controlled library fails, and the
task typically ends with abend code 306 or 806. RACF issues message ICH419I
specifying the program that failed to load, and message ICH420I specifying the
program that caused the environment to become uncontrolled.
2. If the users program environment has used only controlled programs (or no
programs at all), the environment is controlled. RACF allows a program from an
execute-controlled library to be fetched into a controlled environment.
Consequently, RACF grants the users request to fetch a program from the
library.
3. If the users job step or TSO session is running in ENHANCED program security
mode, RACF also checks to ensure that one of the following is true:
a. The first program run in the job step or in the task established by TSOEXEC
or IKJEFTSR had the MAIN attribute
b. The first program run in the current task or the first program run in some
parent task has the BASIC attribute
If neither of these conditions is true, RACF issues message ICH429I to describe
the problem.
Additionally, if the user attempts to fetch a non-controlled program into a
controlled environment, RACF ensures that the user has at least READ
authority to all RACF-defined programs that are currently residing in the users
address space. RACF does not allow a user to fetch a non-controlled program
into an address space that contains an execute-controlled program. The users
attempt to load the non-controlled program fails and the task typically ends with
abend code 306 or 806. RACF issues ICH423I specifying one or more
execute-controlled programs in the current environment.
If a program not running in supervisor state tries to access an execute-controlled
data set other than to load a program through one of the MVS program-loading
services, the system denies the request and abends the program.
EXECUTE access authority has meaning only for a partitioned data set that is used
as a program library. If you specify EXECUTE for any other type of data set (such
as a CLIST or EXEC), effectively the user will have an access authority of NONE.
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Program control
Auditing accesses to programs in execute-controlled libraries: At the time that
an execute-controlled library is opened, OPEN does not know if the user will later
attempt to read the library or to execute a program from the library. OPEN issues a
request for READ authority, and RACF fails the request and sets the reason code
to indicate that the user did have EXECUTE authority. OPEN examines the reason
code and determines that the user has EXECUTE authority, and allows the OPEN
to succeed, but marks its control blocks so that any non-supervisor-state I/O causes
an abend. When RACF detects that the user has only EXECUTE authority, it can
not predict if the access will eventually succeed or fail. If the library data set profile
indicates that all access attempts should be audited, message ICH408I is issued. If
the library data set profile says to audit both successes and failures, RACHECK
interprets this as AUDIT(ALL).
This method of determining access can lead to two confusing scenarios:
1. If the profile says AUDIT(ALL), a user attempting to execute a program might
receive message ICH408I saying that she does not have READ authority and
then see that the program has successfully executed.
2. If the profile says AUDIT(FAILURES), an attempt to read the library can lead to
an abend being issued but no message ICH408I being issued since the user
has EXECUTE authority.
In addition, the SMF records produced for an attempt to read and an attempt to
execute are identical for the same reasons described above.
Examples of controlling programs and using PADS

This section contains some examples of:
v Defining load modules as controlled programs
v Setting up program access to data sets (PADS)
v Setting up an execute-controlled library
v Setting up program control by system ID
Examples of defining load modules as controlled programs

This section contains examples of:
v Protecting programs without using PADS
v Protecting programs that are in several program libraries
v Protecting all programs on the SYSRES volume using '******'
v Protecting a program on any volume by omitting the volume serial number
Example 1. Protecting programs without using PADS

If you do not intend to use PADS, you need to protect a program in a link list
application library to control its use, you can use something similar to the following:
1. SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM)
/* activates program control
*/
2. ADDSD APPL.LOADLIB UACC(NONE)

/* prevents users from copying programs
*/
3. RDEFINE PROGRAM MYPROG ADDMEM(APPL.LOADLIB/VOL123/NOPADCHK) UACC(NONE)

/* makes MYPROG a controlled program. MYPROG must be a member
*/
/* of APPL.LOADLIB on volume 123
*/
4. SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH
/* puts the new PROGRAM profile into storage
*/
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Program control
Example 2. Protecting programs that are in several program

libraries
To protect additional copies of the program in other program libraries, use the
ADDMEM operand on the RALTER command:
RALTER PROGRAM MYPROG ADDMEM(APPL.ANOTHER.LIBRARY/VOL456/NOPADCHK)
Example 3. Using '******' as the volume serial number

If you specify '******' as the volume serial number, the profile controls programs in
all program libraries residing on the system IPL volume. For example, use this
RDEFINE command:
RDEFINE PROGRAM program-name ADDMEM(data-set-name/******/NOPADCHK)
Note: Using '******' works only for the single system IPL volume; it does not work
for extensions of the system residence volume. Rather than using '******' you
might want to simply omit the volser if you have good controls over how
users can create new data sets.
Example 4. Omitting the volume serial number

You can omit the volume serial number in the ADDMEM, denoting that the
controlled program can exist on the specified data set from any volume. For
example, use one of these RDEFINE commands:
RDEFINE PROGRAM MYPROG ADDMEM(APPL.LOADLIB//NOPADCHK)
/* of APPL.LOADLIB
or
RDEFINE PROGRAM MYPROG ADDMEM(APPL.LOADLIB)
/* of APPL.LOADLIB
*/
*/
*/
*/
Examples of setting up program access to data sets

v You have a program named PROG1 in library APP.LOADLIB that users execute
in batch, and when using that program you want the users to have UPDATE
access to data set ABC.DATA. Otherwise, users should have READ access to
the data set. Only users in group GROUPA should have access to PROG1 and
ABC.DATA. You should run in BASIC program security mode. Issue the
following commands:
1. RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.PGMSECURITY APPLDATA(BASIC)
2. ADDSD APP.LOADLIB UACC(READ)
3. RDEFINE PROGRAM PROG1 ADDMEM(APP.LOADLIB//NOPADCHK) UACC(NONE)
4. PERMIT PROG1 CLASS(PROGRAM) ID(GROUPA) ACCESS(READ)
5. ADDSD ABC.DATA UACC(NONE)
6. PERMIT ABC.DATA ID(GROUPA) ACCESS(READ)
7. PERMIT ABC.DATA ID(*) ACCESS(UPDATE) WHEN(PROGRAM(PROG1))
8. SETR WHEN(PROGRAM)
However, if you have previously issued SETR WHEN(PROGRAM):
SETR WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH
v You have a program named PROG2 in library APP.LOADLIB that users execute
in batch, and when using that program you want the users to have UPDATE
access to data set ABC.DATA. Otherwise, users should have READ access to
the data set. Only users in group GROUPA should have access to PROG2 and
ABC.DATA. You should run in ENHANCED program security mode. Issue the
following commands:
1. ADDSD APP.LOADLIB UACC(READ)
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Program control
2. RDEFINE PROGRAM PROG2 ADDMEM(APP.LOADLIB//NOPADCHK)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
UACC(NONE) APPLDATA(MAIN)
PERMIT PROG2 CLASS(PROGRAM) ID(GROUPA) ACCESS(READ)
ADDSD ABC.DATA UACC(NONE)
PERMIT ABC.DATA ID(GROUPA) ACCESS(READ)
PERMIT ABC.DATA ID(*) ACCESS(UPDATE) WHEN(PROGRAM(PROG2))
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.PGMSECURITY APPLDATA(ENHANCED)
SETR WHEN(PROGRAM)
However, if you have previously issued SETR WHEN(PROGRAM):

SETR WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH
Example of setting up an execute-controlled library

The following sequence of RACF commands illustrates one way you can set up an
execute-controlled library. Assume the program is member XCLPGM in program
library KBROWN.PGMLIB2.
1. If program control is not active, enter:
SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM)
After program control is active, it remains active until your installation

deactivates it by issuing the SETROPTS command with the
NOWHEN(PROGRAM) operand.
2. Define a data set profile to protect the private program library by issuing the
ADDSD command with the appropriate operands. The following command
defines a data set profile to protect program library KBROWN.PGMLIB2. The
command assigns a UACC of EXECUTE to allow all users to execute but not
otherwise access the library.
ADDSD KBROWN.PGMLIB2 UACC(EXECUTE)
3. Define a specific profile in the PROGRAM class that protects the controlled
program. The following command identifies only program XCLPGM as a
controlled program:
RDEFINE PROGRAM XCLPGM ADDMEM(KBROWN.PGMLIB2/VOL6A/NOPADCHK)
Note: If you intend to run in ENHANCED program security mode, add

APPLDATA(MAIN) to this RDEFINE command.
4. Refresh the in-storage program control tables by issuing the following
command:
This ensures that the changes take effect immediately.
Example of setting up program control by system ID

Suppose your installation has two systems in a sysplex and you want to let user
Allen run program MYPROG from SYS1 but not from SYS2. You would use these
commands:
1. SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM)
/* activates program control
*/
2. ADDSD SYS1.LINKLIB UACC(EXECUTE)

/* prevents users from copying programs
*/
3. RDEFINE PROGRAM MYPROG ADDMEM(SYS1.LINKLIB/123456/NOPADCHK) UACC(NONE)

/* makes MYPROG a controlled program. MYPROG must
*/
/* be a member of SYS1.LINKLIB on volume 123456
*/
4. PERMIT MYPROG CLASS(PROGRAM) ID(ALLEN) ACCESS(READ) WHEN(SYSID(SYS1))
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Program control
/* user ALLEN can only run the program from system SYS1
5. SETROPTS WHEN(PROGRAM) REFRESH
/* puts the new PROGRAM profile into storage
332
*/
*/
Chapter 10. Operating Considerations

Coordinating Profile Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF Commands for Flushing a VLF Cache . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Started with RACF (after First Installing RACF) . . . . . . . .
Logging On as IBMUSER and Checking Initial Conditions . . . . . .
Defining Administrator User IDs for Your Own Use . . . . . . . . .
Defining at Least One User ID to Be Used for Emergencies Only . . . .
IBMUSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining the Groups Needed for the First Users . . . . . . . . . .
Defining a System-Wide Auditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Group Administrators, Group Auditors, and Data Managers . . .
Protecting System Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting RACF Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Data Security Monitor (DSMON) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JCL Parameters Related to RACF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restarting Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bypassing Password Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to RACF Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Only RACF-Defined Users to Access RACF-Protected Resources
Using the TSO or ISPF Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service by IBM Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Failsoft Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Failsoft Processing with Tape Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Considerations for RACF Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Backup RACF Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Data Set Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting the RACF Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using RACF Data Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sharing Data without Sharing a RACF Database . . . . . . . . . .
Number of Resident Data Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter discusses operating RACF on your system.
Coordinating Profile Updates

You should plan to update profiles so that they remain consistent with other profiles
on the database while making sure that the updating process does not interfere with
other jobs running in the system.
When RACF is enabled for sysplex communication, members of a data sharing
group are notified to create, refresh, or delete their in-storage profiles. The
command is coordinated to ensure that all systems begin to use the refreshed
profiles simultaneously. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for more information on the operands you need for this.
Each individual operation performed by RACF serializes on a RACF database, but
a command or function can perform multiple operations on multiple profiles. For
example, the CONNECT command changes both the user profile and the group
profile. If two or more RACF commands or functions are executing at the same time
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Operating Considerations
and are making contradictory updates, their operations might be interleaved and,
therefore, cause the information in the RACF database to become incomplete or
invalid.
Note: If a user is logged on, and you update the users attributes in the RACF
database using ALTUSER or CONNECT, some changes may not take effect
until the next time the user enters the system. However, a LISTUSER or
LISTGRP command issued immediately after the change shows the new
values.
Some of the changes that are delayed until the user logs on again are the
SPECIAL, OPERATIONS, and AUDITOR attributes and the list of connected groups
examined by RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH.
Example:
In this example, the security administrator inadvertently creates a situation where a
profile exists, but it does not have an owner. The security administrator issues
DELUSER to delete a user from RACF. At the same time, the other user (who has
the ADSP attribute and is logged on) creates a permanent user data set, which
automatically creates a discrete data set profile.
The DELUSER command performs the following operations on the RACF database:
1. Locates the user profile in the RACF database.
2. Locates any user data set profiles.
3. Ensures that the user does not have any user data sets whose high-level
qualifier is his user ID. (RACF cannot delete the user profile until all of his user
data sets are deleted.)
4. Deletes the user profile.
5. Updates the group profile to remove the user as an eligible member of the
group.
As a result of the ADSP attribute, RACF performs one operation on the RACF
database: it adds a data set profile for the permanent user data set.
In this example, if the user adds the new data set profile between Steps 2 and 3 of
the DELUSER command processing, RACF adds a user data set profile to the
RACF database. However, RACF has already deleted the user who owns the
profile. This creates an ownerless profile.
To prevent the creation of ownerless profiles, do not delete a user who is logged
on. Instead, make sure the user is logged off and cannot log on again. If necessary,
have the operator force the user off the system first. Then follow the steps
described in Summary of Steps for Deleting Users on page 91.
RACF Commands for Flushing a VLF Cache

For installations using the IRRACEE class to store security environments with the
Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF), administrators should be aware that issuing certain
RACF commands can delete one or more such objects.
Examples of commands that delete the stored security environment for a user are
DELUSER, PASSWORD, and ALTUSER.
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You can determine the fields that cause VLF purging on ACEE by referring to the
RACF database templates in z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces. A
security-sensitive field has bit 0 of flag 2 turned on. Changes to such a field trigger
VLF purging.
In an installation where no RACF database sharing occurs, issuing commands that
deal with certain general resource classes or profiles can delete all stored security
environments. Examples of this include activating, deactivating, or issuing
SETROPTS NORACLIST(classname) or SETROPTS RACLIST(classname)
REFRESH for these classes:
APPCPORT
APPL
CONSOLE
FACILITY (only when SETROPTS MLS is in effect)
GTERMINL
JESINPUT
SECLABEL
SERVAUTH
TERMINAL
For participants sharing a RACF database, deleting one or more stored security
environments on one system causes all stored security environments to be deleted
by the other participants. Thus, the administration of user profiles in a shared
environment with a performance-oriented participant should be administered from
that system, if possible.
In all cases, any deleted security environment can be restored on demand through
actions such as legitimate logging on or job submission.
For information on using VLF for mapping z/OS UNIX user identifiers (UIDs) and
z/OS UNIX group identifiers (GIDs) in the UNIXMAP class, see Using the
UNIXMAP class and Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF) on page 543.
For more information on VLF, see z/OS MVS Planning: Operations, z/OS MVS
Initialization and Tuning Guide, and z/OS MVS Initialization and Tuning Reference.
Getting Started with RACF (after First Installing RACF)

After you initialize your system with RACF active for the first time, you can quickly
achieve system security. During RACF installation, a basic set of profiles is created
in the RACF database:
Group
Superior group
Owner
Connected users
(Group authority)
SYS1
IBMUSER
IBMUSER (JOIN)
VSAMDSET
SYS1
IBMUSER
IBMUSER (JOIN)
SYSCTLG
SYS1
IBMUSER
IBMUSER (JOIN)
Attributes
Connected groups
(Group authority)
SPECIAL and
OPERATIONS
SYSCTLG (JOIN)
VSAMDSET (JOIN)
There is only one user:

User
Default group
(Group authority)
IBMUSER
SYS1 (JOIN)
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And there are four security labels:
Name
Owner
UACC
SYSHIGH
IBMUSER
NONE
SYSLOW
IBMUSER
NONE
SYSNONE
IBMUSER
NONE
SYSMULTI
IBMUSER
NONE
There is a set of supplied certificate authority (CA) certificates. They are not used to
authenticate CAs until you decide to use them. For more information, see Supplied
digital certificates on page 588.
Restrictions: The basic set of profiles described in this section is supplied with
RACF. These profiles can not be defined by your installation and should not be
deleted. They must exist at initialization time or RACF initialization will automatically
add them.
Logging On as IBMUSER and Checking Initial Conditions

IBMUSER is the first user ID that the security administrator can use. This user ID
has the SPECIAL attribute, which allows IBMUSER to issue most of the RACF
commands (except for those reserved for users with the AUDITOR attribute) and
the OPERATIONS attribute, which allows IBMUSER to access many
RACF-protected resources.
When you enter the system for the first time with the IBMUSER user ID, you must
change the initial password, SYS1, to a new password. A new password prevents
any other user from entering the system as IBMUSER.
Log on as IBMUSER:
LOGON IBMUSER
After entering IBMUSERs old password (SYS1) and defining a new password, list
the system-wide RACF options that are in effect:
SETROPTS LIST
Read through this list to familiarize yourself with the options that are in effect. For
an explanation of what some of the options are and what they mean, see Using
the SETROPTS Command on page 108.
Note: Not all options are displayed at this point, because IBMUSER does not have
the AUDITOR attribute. If you want to see the status of these options, grant
IBMUSER the AUDITOR attribute, log off, and log on again. To see all of the
options, issue SETROPTS LIST again.
For a complete listing of all of the options that are available, see z/OS Security
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Attention
The option for the TERMINAL resource class should be specified as READ.
Do not change it to NONE unless you have defined your terminals to RACF
and authorized the appropriate users and groups to access them. If you
specify TERMINAL(NONE) without first defining your terminals to RACF, you
cannot access your terminals and, consequently, you will be locked out of your
system.
Defining Administrator User IDs for Your Own Use

Define a new user (for example, RACFADM) to RACF for your own use. This user
should have at least the SPECIAL and OPERATIONS attributes. If you are also the
system-wide auditor, you should also give this user ID the AUDITOR attribute.
Depending on the attributes you select, enter one of the following commands:
v ADDUSER RACFADM SPECIAL OPERATIONS
v ADDUSER RACFADM SPECIAL OPERATIONS AUDITOR
Note: You should also plan this users SYS1.UADS entry (see z/OS TSO/E
Customization) or TSO segment. For example, if an administrator (including
IBMUSER) is to work with data set profiles (using the ADDSD or ALTDSD
commands), you should ensure that the user can have volumes mounted
during a TSO session. You can do this by giving the user the MOUNT
attribute in the SYS1.UADS entry, or by giving the user READ access
authority to the MOUNT profile in the TSOAUTH class. See Protecting TSO
Resources on page 526.
Defining at Least One User ID to Be Used for Emergencies Only

To handle emergency situations that could arise, such as if RACF becomes
inoperative or all SPECIAL users become revoked, you should consider setting up
at least one, and preferably two, emergency user IDs. These user IDs should
never be used except in extreme cases, under management supervision. They
should have no TSO segment in their RACF user profiles, and their entries in the
SYS1.UADS data set should give them all attributes.

IBMUSER
Log on as RACFADM and use the default password, SYS1 in this case
(IBMUSERs default group).
You receive a message stating that your password expired. Immediately change the
password, SYS1, to a new password.
First, list all users to ensure that only RACFADM and IBMUSER are defined to
RACF, and that they have the proper attributes.
LISTUSER *
Then, list all of the groups that are defined to RACF:

LISTGRP *
Connect RACFADM to them and make RACFADM the owner of the groups:
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CONNECT RACFADM GROUP(SYS1) AUTH(JOIN)
CONNECT RACFADM GROUP(SYSCTLG) AUTH(JOIN)
CONNECT RACFADM GROUP(VSAMDSET) AUTH(JOIN)
ALTGROUP SYS1 OWNER(RACFADM)
ALTGROUP SYSCTLG OWNER(RACFADM)
ALTGROUP VSAMDSET OWNER(RACFADM)
Then, revoke the IBMUSER user ID so that another user cannot use it:
ALTUSER IBMUSER REVOKE
Note: You cannot delete the IBMUSER user profile.

Define another user to RACF (for example, user ID RACFAD2), to act as your
assistant. Make the new users default group SYS1, and give this assistant the
SPECIAL and OPERATIONS user attributes.
ADDUSER RACFAD2 DFLTGRP(SYS1) AUTH(JOIN) SPECIAL OPERATIONS
Defining the Groups Needed for the First Users

At this point you should consider creating the groups that you need.
The following commands show an example of adding four groups. Three are
departmental groups (GROUP1, GROUP2, and GROUP3), and GROUP2 and
GROUP3 are owned by GROUP1 so that certain authorities can be propagated.
The fourth group (DATAMGT) has global pack maintenance responsibility.
ADDGROUP (GROUP1 DATAMGT)
ADDGROUP (GROUP2 GROUP3) OWNER(GROUP1) SUPGROUP(GROUP1)
Defining a System-Wide Auditor

Define a user (for example, AUDCCC) who has system-wide auditing
responsibilities and privileges.
ADDUSER AUDCCC AUDITOR
Defining Users and Groups

You now add a user (D03DIK) to GROUP3 with authority to protect group data sets.
ADDUSER D03DIK OWNER(GROUP3) AUTH(CREATE) DFLTGRP(GROUP3)
Note: For more information, see Summary of Steps for Defining Users on page
89.
Defining Group Administrators, Group Auditors, and Data Managers

For each group, define a group administrator with the group-SPECIAL attribute.
Only the administrator for GROUP1 has the authority to define new users in that
group. Each of the other administrators has authority over the resources owned by
his or her group, as well as the resources owned by users who are owned by his or
her group.
ADDUSER D01RHG DFLTGRP(GROUP1) CLAUTH(USER) DATA(GROUP1 ADM)
CONNECT D01RHG GROUP(GROUP1) AUTH(JOIN) SPECIAL
ADDUSER D02JMP DFLTGRP(GROUP2) DATA(GROUP2 ADM)
CONNECT D02JMP GROUP(GROUP2) AUTH(CREATE) SPECIAL
ADDUSER D03ABL DFLTGRP(GROUP3) DATA(GROUP3 ADM)
CONNECT D03ABL GROUP(GROUP3) AUTH(CREATE) SPECIAL
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For groups GROUP1, GROUP2, and GROUP3, define a group-auditor. Connect the
user to GROUP1 and give the user the group-AUDITOR attribute. Because
GROUP2 and GROUP3 are owned by GROUP1, the user has auditor authority
over the resources and users belonging to those groups, as well as to GROUP1.
The user does not have auditor authority in any other group.
ADDUSER D01GPB DFLTGRP(GROUP1) DATA(AUDITOR G1 G2 G3)
CONNECT D01GPB GROUP(GROUP1) AUDITOR
The administrator for the data management group, the data manager, is able to
define DASD volumes to RACF in order to perform dump, restore, and data cleanup
operations.
ADDUSER DMGJFS DFLTGRP(DATAMGT) AUTH(JOIN) CLAUTH(USER DASDVOL)
DATA(DATA MGT ADM)
Because of his or her duties, the data manager is connected to SYS1, allowing the
manager to access data sets with SYS1 in their access list and to define SYS1 data
set profiles to RACF. The data manager has the group-SPECIAL attribute in group
SYS1.
CONNECT DMGJFS GROUP(SYS1) AUTH(CREATE) UACC(READ) SPECIAL
At the end of the session, the defined group structure is:

Connected Users
(Group Authority)
Group
Superior Group
Owner
SYS1
RACFADM
IBMUSER (JOIN)
RACFADM (JOIN)
RACFAD2 (JOIN)
DMGJFS (CREATE)
VSAMDSET
SYS1
RACFADM
IBMUSER (JOIN)
RACFADM (JOIN)
SYSCTLG
SYS1
RACFADM
IBMUSER (JOIN)
RACFADM (JOIN)
GROUP1
SYS1
RACFADM
D01RHG (JOIN)
D01GPB (USE)
GROUP2
SYS1
GROUP1
D02JMP (CREATE)
GROUP3
SYS1
GROUP1
D03ABL (CREATE)
DATAMGT
SYS1
RACFADM
DMGJFS (JOIN)
Attributes
Connected Groups
(Group Authority)
The defined users are:

User
Default Group (Group

Authority)
IBMUSER
SYS1 (JOIN)
SPECIAL,
OPERATIONS,
REVOKE
SYSCTLG (JOIN),
VSAMDSET (JOIN)
RACFADM
SYS1 (JOIN)
SPECIAL, AUDITOR,
OPERATIONS
SYSCTLG (JOIN),
VSAMDSET (JOIN)
RACFAD2
SYS1 (JOIN)
SPECIAL,
OPERATIONS
DMGJFS
DATAMGT (JOIN),
SYS1(CREATE)
CLAUTH(USER
DASDVOL), SPECIAL
SYS1(CREATE)
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User
Default Group (Group

Authority)
D01RHG
GROUP1 (JOIN)
CLAUTH(USER),
group-SPECIAL
D02JMP
GROUP2 (USE)
group-SPECIAL
D03ABL
GROUP3 (CREATE)
group-SPECIAL
D01GPB
GROUP1 (CREATE)
group-AUDITOR
D03DIK
GROUP3 (CREATE)
AUDCCC
SYS1 (USE)
Attributes
Connected Groups
(Group Authority)
AUDITOR
Protecting System Data Sets

Create data set profiles to protect your system data sets. These should include the
data sets described in Table 65 on page 711, as well as other data sets that your
installation considers sensitive. The following are some candidates:
v General installation libraries
PROCLIB
TSO help and CLISTs
Compiler libraries
SORTLIB
v System control libraries
Nucleus, SVCLIB, LPALIB
Spool and paging data sets
APF-authorized libraries
Master catalog
DLIB data
SYS1.UADS
PARMLIB
v Sensitive data
Corporate trade secrets
Research results
Employee data
Customer or client lists
v Production libraries
PROCLIBs
LOADLIBs
v Application development programs and data
Source
Load libraries
Documentation
v User data
JCL
Documentation
Source
Load modules
Setting RACF Options

Review Chapter 5, Specifying RACF Options, on page 107 for the RACF options
you wish to set:
v Selecting options with the SETROPTS command (see Using the SETROPTS
Command on page 108)
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v Encrypting RACF user passwords (see Specifying the Encryption Method for
User Passwords on page 142)
v Using started procedures (see Using Started Procedures on page 143)
Using the Data Security Monitor (DSMON)

The data security monitor (DSMON) produces a set of reports that provide
information about the current status of the data security environment at your
installation.
The reports DSMON can produce are:
System Report
Group Tree Report
Program Properties
Table Report
RACF Authorized Caller
Table Report
RACF Class Descriptor
Table Report
RACF Exits Report
RACF Global Access
Checking Table Report
RACF Started Procedures
Table Report
RACF User Attribute Report
RACF User Attribute

Summary Report
Selected Data Sets Reports
Figure 10. Reports produced by DSMON
These reports can help you (1) check the initial steps you took to establish system
security, and (2) make additional security checks periodically.
A short description of each report follows. See z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors
Guide for more information on these reports and how to invoke the data security
monitor.
The System Report
The system report contains information such as the identification and model
of the processor complex, and the name, version, and release of the
operating system. This report also specifies the RACF version and release
number and whether RACF is active. If RACF is inactive, DSMON prints a
message that tells you whether RACF was not activated at IPL or was
deactivated by the RVARY command.
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The Group Tree Report
This report lists, for each requested group, all of its subgroups, all of the
subgroups subgroups, and so on, as well as the owner of each group listed
in the report, if the owner is not the superior group.
You can use the group tree report to examine the overall RACF group
structure for your system. You can also determine the scope of the group
for group-related user attributes (group-SPECIAL, group-OPERATIONS,
and group-AUDITOR).
The Program Properties Table Report
This report lists all of the programs in the MVS program properties table
(PPT). The report also indicates, for each program, whether the program is
authorized to bypass password protection and whether it runs in a system
key.
You can use the program properties table report to verify that only those
programs that the installation has authorized to bypass password protection
are, in fact, able to do so. Such programs are normally communication and
database control programs, and other system control programs.
You can also verify that only those programs that the installation has
authorized are able to run in a system key.
The RACF Authorized Caller Table Report
This report lists the names of all of the programs in the RACF
authorized-caller table. The programs in this table are authorized to issue
the RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY macro to perform user verification, or
the RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro to load profiles into main storage.
You can use this report to verify that only those programs that are
supposed to be authorized to modify an ACEE (accessor environment
element) are able to issue the RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY. This
verification is a particularly important security requirement because the
ACEE contains a description of the current user. This description includes
the user ID, the current connect group, the user attributes, and the group
authorities. A program that is authorized to issue the RACROUTE
REQUEST=VERIFY could alter the ACEE to simulate any user.
You can also use this report to verify that only those programs that are
supposed to be authorized to access profiles are able to issue the
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST. Because profiles contain complete
descriptions of the characteristics that are associated with RACF-defined
entities, you must carefully control access to them.
The RACF Class Descriptor Table Report
This report lists, for each general resource class in the class descriptor
table (CDT), the class name, the default UACC, whether the class is active,
whether auditing is being done, whether statistics are being kept, and
whether OPERATIONS attribute users have access.
You can use the class descriptor table report to determine which classes
(besides DATASET) are defined to RACF and active, and therefore can
contain resources that RACF protects.
The RACF Exits Report
This report lists the names of all of the installation-defined RACF exit
routines and specifies the size of each exit routine module.
You can use the RACF exits report to verify that the only active exit routines
are those that your installation has defined. The existence of any other exit
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routines might indicate a system security exposure, because RACF exit
routines can be used to bypass RACF security checking. Similarly, if the
length of an exit routine module differs from the length of the module when
it was defined by your installation, the module might have unauthorized
modifications.
The RACF Global Access Checking Table Report
This report lists, for each resource class in the global access table, all of
the entry names and their associated resource access authorities.
Because global access checking allows anyone to access the resource at
the associated access authority, you should verify that each entry has an
appropriate level of access authority.
The RACF Started Procedures Table Reports
RACF generates two reports about the started procedures table
(ICHRIN03).
v If the STARTED class is active, the report uses the STARTED class
profiles and contains the TRACE attribute. The trace uses module
ICHDSM00.
v If the STARTED class is not active, the trace uses the installation
replaceable load module, ICHRIN03.
The reports list the procedure name, the user ID and group name to be
associated with the procedure, and whether the procedure is privileged or
trusted.
You can use the report to determine which started procedures are defined
to RACF, and which have the privileged attribute. If a started procedure is
privileged or trusted, it bypasses all REQUEST=AUTH processing (unless
the CSA or PRIVATE operand was specified on REQUEST=AUTH),
including checks for security classification of users and data.
The Selected User Attribute Report
The selected user attribute report:
v Lists all RACF users with the SPECIAL, OPERATIONS, AUDITOR, or
REVOKE attributes
v Specifies whether they possess these attributes on a system-wide (user)
or group level
v Indicates whether they have any user ID associations
You can use this report to verify that only those users who need to be
authorized to perform certain functions have been assigned the
corresponding attribute.
Selected User Attribute Summary Report
The selected user attribute summary report shows the number of
installation-defined users and totals for users with the SPECIAL,
OPERATIONS, AUDITOR, and REVOKE attributes, at both the system and
group level. You can use this report to verify that the number of users with
each of these attributes, on either a system or group level, is the number
that your installation wants. In particular, you should make sure that you
have assigned the SPECIAL attribute (on a system level) to at least one
user and the AUDITOR attribute (on a system level) to at least one user.
The Selected Data Sets Report
This report lists the names of selected system data sets and, for each data
set, specifies the criterion for selection, the serial number of the volume on
which it resides, whether the data set is RACF-indicated or
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RACF-protected, and the universal access authority (UACC). If a data set
meets more than one selection criterion, there is a separate entry in the
report for each criterion. The selected data sets include system data sets,
the MVS master catalog, user catalogs, the RACF primary and backup data
sets, and user-specified data sets.
You can use the selected data sets report to determine which of these data
sets are protected by RACF and which are not. You can also check whether
the UACC associated with each of the data sets is compatible with your
installations resource access control requirements.
JCL Parameters Related to RACF

This section summarizes the JCL parameters that relate to RACF. For complete
information, see z/OS MVS JCL Reference.
v On the JOB statement:
USER parameter: Specify this parameter if user ID propagation is not used or
if the user is submitting a job for another user.
PASSWORD parameter: Specify this parameter only when absolutely
necessary. Specifying this parameter in JCL exposes the password to
potential misuse.
Note: If a JOB statement contains a RACF password, you should establish
procedures to ensure the security of the JOB statement. For example,
ensure that printed job logs are kept secure.
JES suppresses the printing of passwords in output listings.
GROUP parameter: Specify this parameter only if list-of-groups processing is
not in effect and if the user wants the job to run with a group other than the
users default group.
SECLABEL parameter: Specify this parameter if the job is to run with a
security label other than the users current security label.
If user ID propagation is used, all of these parameters are optional. Also, a
TSO SUBMIT installation exit, TSO, or other procedures for handling batch
jobs can place the RACF parameters on the JOB statement.
v On the DD statement:
PROTECT parameter.
LABEL parameter.
MGMTCLAS parameter.
STORCLAS parameter
DSNAME parameter: Use the DSNAME parameter to assign a temporary data
set name to an in-stream data set and to a SYSOUT data set. This name can
be specified as a qualifier in JESSPOOL profile names. For more information,
see Defining Profiles for SYSIN and SYSOUT Data Sets on page 501.
When creating new data sets or tape volumes that require a new discrete
profile, specify PROTECT=YES to automatically define the discrete profile.
Note: If the data set being created is adequately covered by a generic profile,
do not use the PROTECT parameter because this forces the creation
of a discrete profile.
SECMODEL parameter: When creating new data sets or tape volumes that
require a new discrete profile, specify the SECMODEL parameter to copy an
existing data set profile to the new discrete data set profile.
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Note: If the data set being created is adequately covered by a generic profile,
do not use the SECMODEL parameter because this forces the creation
of a discrete profile.
v On the OUTPUT statement:
DPAGELBL parameter: With PSF for OS/390 is installed, use the DPAGELBL
parameter to indicate whether the system should print information related to
the jobs security label on each page of printed output.
SYSAREA parameter: use the SYSAREA parameter to indicate whether the
system should reserve an area on each page of printed output for information
related to the security label.
Restarting Jobs
When a job automatically restarts and returns to a previous checkpoint, RACF
repeats user verification and access authorization checking. If the job changed the
password on the JOB statement, RACF uses the new password for user
verification. But meanwhile, if the PASSWORD command or another job changes
the password, RACF detects an invalid password and fails the job.
When you submit a job for a deferred restart, you can specify your current
password on the JOB statement, or use JES user ID propagation and avoid the
problem of exposing your password on the JOB statement.
For either an automatic or deferred restart, the users current access authority is
checked (the access authority at the time of the restart), and is used for all
resources the job tries to access.
Bypassing Password Protection

You can authorize certain programs to bypass password protection on resources
such as data sets and volumes. You do this by specifying a setting in the MVS
program properties table. Programs that you would normally authorize to bypass
password protection include communication and database control programs, and
other system control programs.
RACF can be used to perform authorization checking, but RACF itself does not
check the bypass password protection setting. Instead, programs that use RACF
services, such as DFSMS, check the setting to determine whether to call RACF.
Therefore, for information about how a product uses the bypass password
protection setting, see its documentation.
Controlling Access to RACF Passwords

Installation personnel should ensure that the security of RACF user passwords is
not violated.
You should restrict the operators use of the JES operator commands. Using JES
commands, the system operator can display JES data areas that contain both the
current and new RACF passwords associated with a job, even though these
passwords are in a masked format. (When a user submits a job and supplies RACF
passwords on the JOB statement, JES stores them for the life of the job.)
It is also possible for the operator to display password information when displaying
real storage at the console. Again, the installation should monitor the operators
activities to ensure that passwords remain secure. You can monitor the operator by
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creating profiles for the appropriate commands in the OPERCMDS class, and
requesting auditing in the OPERCMDS profiles. If the operator has the
OPERATIONS attribute, you may request additional logging by issuing the
SETROPTS OPERAUDIT command. This causes logging of all activity that was
allowed because the user had the OPERATIONS attribute.
Also, the JES3 dump core utility allows users to view stored passwords. You should
restrict access to the JES3 dump core utility.
Note: JES3 allows system programmers to specify a password for the JES3 dump
core utility (not a RACF password). This password is stored in clear text in a
JES3 module. You should protect this module from unauthorized use.
RACF commands that contain passwords should not be issued on the operators
console because these passwords would then show up in SYSLOG. Also, make
sure you protect the GTF trace data set if you have SET TRACE active because
passwords might appear in the trace records that are produced.
You should restrict access to SVC dumps and standalone dumps, which might
contain password information.
If users need to submit jobs for other users, activate the SURROGAT class and
define profiles so that users can allow other users to submit jobs for them. In this
way, a user does not need to know anyone elses password. For more information,
see Surrogate Job Submission on page 481.
If JES support for user ID propagation is installed, batch jobs submitted by TSO
users do not need any RACF identification information (user ID, group name, and
password) in their JOB statements, as long as the following assumptions are true:
v The TSO user is RACF-defined.
v The job is submitted under the users own user ID.
v If the job is submitted on a processor that is part of an NJE (networking job
entry) network, the job runs on the home (users) node.
Note: If a user specifies //DD DATA and neglects to delimit the data (with /* or DLM
specification) when submitting a batch job through a card reader or RJE
work station, subsequent jobs are read as part of the users data until a
delimiter is read. You should be aware that if this situation occurs, RACF
user IDs, group names, passwords, and resource names from the following
jobs JCL become available to the user who failed to supply a delimiter. The
installation should use SMF or JES installation-written exit routines to restrict
the use of the //DD DATA statement to reduce this security exposure.
Authorizing Only RACF-Defined Users to Access RACF-Protected

Resources
If the universal access authority (UACC)for a RACF-protected resource is READ or
higher:
v Non-RACF-defined users can access the RACF-protected resource with the
specified level of universal access.
v Users who enter the system using shared RACF-defined user IDs without the
RESTRICTED attribute, can access the RACF-protected resource with the
specified level of universal access. These users include those who enter the
system:
346
1. By presenting digital certificates that are not registered to RACF, who are
assigned shared user IDs based on certificate name filtering.
2. By accessing application servers that allow users to enter the system without
identifying themselves, who are assigned shared user IDs such as PUBLIC or
ANONYMOS.
Note: For more information, see Defining Restricted User IDs on page 88.
v RACF-defined users who have access authority of NONE can access the
resource with the specified level of universal access by submitting a batch job
without specifying the USER operand on the JCL JOB statement.
The entry ID(*) can be added to the access list to ensure that only RACF-defined
users (who do not have the RESTRICTED attribute) can access a protected
resource. For more information, see Using ID(*) on the Access List on page 9.
These accesses to RACF-protected resources can be prevented using the
SETROPTS BATCHALLRACF and XBMALLRACF options, or by the
REQUEST=AUTH preprocessing exit routine that fails REQUEST=AUTH processing
for users who have entered the system using the RACF default user ID.
If JES user ID propagation is not in effect, this REQUEST=AUTH processing
requires RACF-defined users to identify themselves (using the USER operand) on
batch jobs that access RACF-protected resources and prevents non-RACF users
from accessing RACF-protected resources.
Using the TSO or ISPF Editor

If a user edits a RACF-protected data set to which the user has only READ access
authority, a failure occurs when the user attempts to save the data set. To issue the
SAVE command, the user must have at least UPDATE access authority to the data
set.
Service by IBM Personnel

If IBM support personnel require access to the system for servicing, they must be
defined to RACF if they need to access RACF-protected data sets for servicing.
Also, they need the appropriate access authority to these data sets.
You can define user profiles for IBM support personnel with the REVOKE attribute
set. Then an authorized user can set (and reset), as needed, the REVOKE attribute
in the user profile to allow IBM support personnel to enter the system. (The
REVOKE and RESUME operands of the ALTUSER or CONNECT command alter
the REVOKE attribute. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for more information.)
Failsoft Processing
During failsoft processing (when the RACF database is not active), RACF uses
global access checking tables, REQUEST=LIST in-storage profiles, or a supplied
profile, if any of these are present, to process resource access checking requests.
Note: RACF does not perform generic profile checking, because a generic profile
might allow access to a resource that an existing discrete profile already
protects. If that profile had been retrieved, RACF would not have allowed
access to the resource.
347
RACF calls REQUEST=AUTH and REQUEST=DEFINE preprocessing installation
exits during failsoft processing. (RACF does not call postprocessing exits.) This
action frees the installation to define its own version of failsoft processing. By
defining its own version of failsoft processing, an installation can allow or deny
access to a resource or permit normal failsoft processing to continue.
During failsoft processing, the logging that your installation has specified continues
as when RACF is active. In addition, RACF logs all accesses that the operator
allows or denies.
If no global access checking tables are present, no REQUEST=LIST in-storage
profiles are present, and no profile has been supplied, the preprocessing installation
exits are called first. Then failsoft processing continues as follows:
1. RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH:
v For started procedures, RACF issues an information message to the operator
to describe the name and access mode of the resource. If the started
procedure does not have the privileged attribute through the RACF started
procedures table, RACF issues an operator intervention message to request
permission to allow access to the resource.
v For TSO sessions, RACF issues the information message and, if the
high-level qualifier of the data set name matches the users TSO user ID,
RACF allows access to the resource. If the high-level qualifier does not
match the users TSO user ID, RACF also issues an operator intervention
message to request permission to allow access to the resource. If the system
operator gives a negative response to a request for access, the request is
denied, with, in some cases, an ABEND.
v For all other environments, RACF issues the information message, followed
by the operator intervention message. If the system operator gives a negative
response to a request for access, the request is denied.
2. REQUEST=DEFINE:
RACF issues an operator message to indicate that REQUEST=DEFINE has
been issued and that the request is allowed. If the user had the ADSP attribute,
or if PROTECT=YES was specified on the JCL for the data set, the resource
may be RACF-indicated without a RACF discrete profile being created.
You can use the operator message or SMF log records at a later time to
determine whether the specified resource is in the RACF database. If it is not,
use the ADDSD or RDEFINE command to create a profile for the resource.
Failsoft Processing with Tape Data Sets

When RACF is maintaining TVTOCs, RACF checks the TVTOC during normal
processing to determine the authority level that is required to define a data set or
add a data set to a volume. In failsoft mode, RACF cannot make any of the normal
consistency checks to ensure that the user is only writing to the last data set on the
volume and is authorized to the current data on the tape volume.
Considerations for RACF Databases

The RACF database contains all RACF access control information. RACF
databases can reside on any DASD device that is supported by the operating
system. Each volume that contains a RACF database should be permanently
resident. If RACF is heavily used, plan to put the database on a device accessed
by a channel and control unit that is least likely to affect system performance.
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Backup RACF Database

RACF allows you to provide a backup database to which you can switch should
your primary RACF data base fail. A backup RACF database reflects the contents
of the primary. Once the installation creates the backup, RACF can maintain it
automatically.
For more information about setting up a backup RACF database, maintaining RACF
databases, and switching to alternate RACF databases, see z/OS Security Server
Multiple Data Set Support

As an alternative to maintaining all RACF profiles of your primary RACF database
in a single MVS data set, RACF allows you to have up to 90 primary data sets, and
an equal number of associated backup data sets. You should consider using
multiple RACF data sets to reduce device contention and to reduce the number of
resources that are made unavailable by the loss of one data set or device (although
for installations running in data sharing mode, a single data set may provide
satisfactory performance). The best number of RACF data sets for your installation
depends on the extent to which you use RACF.
For more information about creating multiple RACF data sets, see z/OS Security
Protecting the RACF Database

It is very important that the data sets containing the primary and backup databases
are properly protected. You should also ensure that data sets containing RACF
database information, such as backup copies and unloaded versions of the RACF
database, are also protected. In protecting these data sets, you should ensure that
only those users who have a definite job-related need to read or update the data
have access. Any other users should not have access to the data sets containing
your RACF databases.
v These data sets should be protected with data set profiles that specify
UACC(NONE), NOWARNING, and ERASE. The profiles should not have ID(*) in
the access list. The NOTIFY user ID should be the RACF security administrator.
System programmers who need to use the block update command (BLKUPD) to
repair the RACF database must have UPDATE authority to the database. System
programmers and others who need to run IRRUT400 or IRRUT200 to copy the
database will need READ authority (or UPDATE, if using the LOCKINPUT or
UNLOCKINPUT parameters of IRRUT400). Anyone who needs to run IRRDBU00
against a RACF database will also need UPDATE access, but it may be better to
give them READ access and have them make a copy of the database using
IRRUT200, then run IRRDBU00 against the copy.
v If the installation uses profiles in the DASDVOL class to allow access to volumes,
you should strictly limit the number of users who have READ access authority to
the volumes that hold the data sets containing the RACF database. For more
information, see DASD Volume Authority on page 173.
Note: If making a copy of the database for the purpose of running IRRDBU00,
dont forget to protect the copy as you would the database itself, including
the use of ERASE.
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Using RACF Data Sharing

You can also reduce device contention to the RACF database by using RACF data
sharing. You also need to consider the following when the system is enabled for
sysplex communication:
v Each member of the sysplex data sharing group must share the same database.
v The members of the sysplex data sharing group cannot share the database with
any non-member system.
v Each system must use a compatible data set name table (ICHRDSNT).
v Each system must use an identical database range table (ICHRRNG).
For more information about shared or multiple RACF databases, see z/OS Security
Sharing Data without Sharing a RACF Database

You might find it useful to share RACF data between systems. The RACF remote
sharing facility (RRSF) removes the restrictions of shared DASD. It allows you to
configure your systems into a network of RRSF nodes communicating via VTAM
and APPC/MVS, and share RACF data between these nodes regardless of their
physical proximity. You can:
v Give each RRSF node its own copy of the same RACF database and use
remote sharing functions to keep the databases synchronized.
v Synchronize subsets of the database information, such as the user profiles.
v Administer RACF databases remotely.
v Automatically synchronize passwords for specified user IDs on systems in the
RRSF network.
For more information on administering the RACF remote sharing facility, see
Chapter 12, The RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF), on page 387.
Number of Resident Data Blocks

IBM highly recommends that you use resident data blocks to reduce the number of
I/O requests made to the RACF database. See z/OS Security Server RACF System
Programmers Guide for details.
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Chapter 11. Working With The RACF Database

Using the RACF Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) . . .
Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . .
Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using IRRDBU00 with Universal Groups . . . . . .
Running the Database Unload Utility . . . . . . . .
Input Data Set Specification. . . . . . . . . . .
IRRDBU00 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowable Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The NOLOCKINPUT Parameter . . . . . . . . .
The LOCKINPUT Parameter . . . . . . . . . .
The UNLOCKINPUT Parameter . . . . . . . . .
Using the Database Unload Utility Output Effectively . .
Sort/Merge Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Database Unload Utility Output with the DFSORT
Relational Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Database Unload Utility Output with DB2 . .
Processing User Revocation Information . . . . . .
Database Unload Utility Output Samples . . . . . .
Using the RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) . . . . .
IRRRID00 Job Control Statements . . . . . . . . .
Searching for All Residual References . . . . . . .
Searching for a List of IDs . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifying a Replacement ID . . . . . . . . . .
Finding Residual IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Running IRRRID00 with an Empty SYSIN . . . . .
Creating Commands to Remove IDs . . . . . . . .
Running IRRRID00 with Data in SYSIN . . . . . .
IRRRID00 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuing the Commands Generated by IRRRID00 . . . .
Processing Profiles and Resources . . . . . . . . .
What IRRRID00 Verifies . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Database Objects That Are Not Processed . . . . . .
Processing a Hierarchy of Groups . . . . . . . . .
Processing Global Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processing General Resource Profiles . . . . . . . .
Processing MEMBER Data . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processing Universal Groups . . . . . . . . . . .
IRRRID00 and Tivoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time Required to Run IRRRID00 . . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter describes tasks related to working with and maintaining the RACF
database using the database unload utility (IRRDBU00) and the remove ID utility
(IRRRID00).
For information about using the SMF data unload utility (IRRADU00), see z/OS
Security Server RACF Auditors Guide.
The RACF database holds an installations security data. This data is used to
control access to resources, verify users, and generate a variety of reports dealing
with system usage and integrity. Standard reports are provided and used to
determine whether the installations security objectives are being met.
351
Database Utilities
Using the RACF Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00)

The RACF database unload utility enables installations to create a sequential file
from a RACF database. The sequential file can be used in several ways: viewed
directly, used as input for installation-written programs, and manipulated with
sort/merge utilities. It can also be uploaded to a database manager, such as DB2,
to process complex inquiries and create installation-tailored reports.
Note: Whenever you need to run the database unload utility against a database
that is active on a system that is a member of the RACF sysplex data
sharing group, always run the utility from a system in the group. If you do
not, you receive unpredictable results from the utility.
Diagnosis
You can use the IRRDBU00 utility for some diagnosis functions. Because this utility
reads every profile in the RACF database, it also validates such profile data as
lengths and count fields that are needed to read each profile successfully.
This validation can be used to help identify a profile in error. If IRRDBU00
encounters a profile in error, it may issue message IRR67092. This message
contains an ICHEINTY return and reason code and also the entry name of the
profile being processed.
If a profile abends or ends in another fashion without receiving this message, you
may also be able to determine the profile in error. To do this, look in the output data
set (OUTDD) and find the last profile (at the bottom), that was unloaded. It is likely
that this profile is okay. However, the next profile in the database (in the same
class) could possibly be the profile in error, if indeed a bad profile is causing the
utility to end.
The next profile in the database can be found by examining the output of an
IRRUT200 utility run (specifically, INDEX FORMAT), or by using the block update
command (BLKUPD) to examine an online database.
For more information on diagnosing and correcting the RACF database, see z/OS
Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide and z/OS Security Server
RACF Diagnosis Guide.
Performance Considerations
IRRDBU00 processes either a copy of the RACF database, a backup RACF
database, or the active RACF database. You must have UPDATE authority to the
database. It is recommended that you run the utility against a recent copy of your
RACF database using the NOLOCKINPUT option.
While processing, IRRDBU00 serializes on one profile at a time (this is also the
case in IRRUT100 processing). When IRRDBU00 has finished copying a profile, it
releases the serialization. Consider this possible impact to performance if you select
your active RACF database as input. Running IRRDBU00 against a copy of the
database causes the least impact to system performance.
Note: If your system is enabled for sysplex communication RACF serializes
database accesses by using global resource serialization instead of
hardware RESERVEs when the system is operating in data sharing mode or
in read-only mode and unloading an active database.
352
Database Utilities
An installation can choose to unload its database with one utility invocation, or if it
has split its database, it can unload individual pieces of its database with separate
utility invocations. These utility invocations can execute concurrently.
Operational Considerations
The output records of IRRDBU00 are determined by the structure of the RACF
database. The utility unloads all of the profiles in the database. It does not unload
all of the fields in each profile and treats some fields in a special way. Fields that
contain customer data are unloaded exactly as they appear in the database.
Encrypted and reserved fields are not unloaded. Although the maximum length
unloaded for most fields is 255 bytes, all 1023 bytes of data for the HOME and
PROGRAM fields in the users OMVS segment and the HOME, PROGRAM, and
FSROOT fields in the users OVM segment are unloaded.
See z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces for the conversion rules of
the database unload utility.
The database unload utility uses both the supplied class descriptor table
(ICHRRCDX) and the installation-defined class descriptor table (ICHRRCDE) as it
unloads profiles. If your database is imported from another system, you may also
have to import ICHRRCDX and ICHRRCDE. Classes are unloaded only if there is
an entry for them in ICHRRCDE or ICHRRCDX on the system running the utility,
and the range table on that system correctly identifies the data set where the
profiles are located. If the current range table does not match the database being
unloaded, you must run the IRRDBU00 utility multiple times, specifying only one
data set of the database as INDD1 for each run.
To correlate the RACF profiles with the data unloaded by the utility, see z/OS
Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces.
Using IRRDBU00 with Universal Groups

Using the output from IRRDBU00 is the best way to list the members of a universal
group, because a complete member list for a universal group may not be obtained
from a LISTGRP command. You can use DB2 to process the output of IRRDBU00
to generate a list of universal groups and to list the members of each universal
group by using samples available in SYS1.SAMPLIB. See Using the Database
Unload Utility Output with DB2 on page 362 for more information. Sample
RACFICE reports called GPRM and CUG$ are also available to assist you. See
Reports Based on the Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) on page 359.
Note that IRRDBU00 does not unload a Group Members data record (0102) for
every user connected to a universal group. Only users who are listed in the groups
member list (users with group-level user attributes, such as group-SPECIAL, or
group authority higher than USE) have 0102 records.
For more information about universal groups, see Defining Large Groups with the
Running the Database Unload Utility

The following job control statements are necessary for executing IRRDBU00:
JOB
Initiates the job.
EXEC
Specifies the program name (PGM=IRRDBU00) or, if the job control
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Database Utilities
statements are in a procedure library, the procedure name. You
must request IRRDBU00 processing options by specifying a
parameter in the PARM field.
SYSPRINT DD
Defines a sequential message data set.
INDDn DD
Defines the RACF input data set that makes up the RACF
database. The input data sets must have all of the characteristics of
a RACF database; that is, they must be contiguous single-extent
data sets, non-VIO, with a logical record length (LRECL) of 4096
and a record format (RECFM) of fixed (F).
The n in INDDn refers to the location of the data set name in the
data set name table (ICHRDSNT). If you have not split your RACF
database, you only have to specify INDD1. If you have split your
RACF database, you can unload each part with a separate utility
invocation and specify INDD1 for the input data set, or you can
unload all of the parts with one utility invocation.
Note: When unloading all parts, specify INDD statements in the
same order as they appear in the RACF data set name
table. For example:
INDD1
First data set name
INDD2
Second data set name
See Input Data Set Specification.

OUTDD DD
Defines the single sequential output data set. The output of

IRRDBU00 is a set of variable length records.
The size of the output data set is roughly estimated as twice the
size of the used portion of the input data set, but you must also
consider the type of profiles in your database. For example, profiles
that have variable length fields, such as installation data, require
more space when they are unloaded, because the maximum size of
the field is unloaded (up to 255 bytes or, for the HOME and
PROGRAM fields, up to 1023 bytes).
Determine the percentage of space your database is using by
running the IRRUT200 utility, and use that percentage to guide you
in allocating the output file. For example, if your database has 100
cylinders allocated and you are using 35% of it, you need
approximately 70 cylinders for your output file.
OUTDD is a variable blocked data set (RECFM=VB) with a
minimum recommended LRECL value 6 of 4096.
Input Data Set Specification

Allowable ddnames for the data sets that correspond to the input data sets are
INDD1 through INDD255. The input data sets must be numbered consecutively. For
example, if 25 input data sets are provided, they must be assigned ddnames INDD1
through INDD25. The utility processes the input data sets until a number is omitted.
You must provide at least one input data set (INDD1).
6. The LRECL for the output data set must be at least as large as the largest record created by IRRDBU00. IBM recommends
choosing a larger value so that if the size of the output records increases when new fields are added, you do not have to change
your data set allocations. IBM recommends a value of 4096.
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Database Utilities
The ddname number must correspond to the position of the input data set name in
the data set name table (ICHRDSNT). That is, you must assign INDD1 to the first
data set, INDD2 to the second, and so on.
|
|
Restriction: The input data sets must reside on DASD. Tape input data sets are
not supported.
IRRDBU00 Example
In this example, the database unload utility processes a database that has been
split into three parts. The job control language (JCL) statements that invoke the
utility are:
//USER01
//UNLOAD
//SYSPRINT
//INDD1
//INDD2
//INDD3
//OUTDD
JOB
EXEC
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
Job card...
PGM=IRRDBU00,PARM=NOLOCKINPUT
SYSOUT=*
DISP=SHR,DSN=SYS1.RACFDB.PART1.COPY
DISP=SHR,DSN=SYS1.RACFDB.FLATFILE
Note: You must specify a parameter in the PARM field on the EXEC statement of
the step executing IRRDBU00.
Allowable Parameters
When you run the database unload utility, one of the following parameters must be
specified: NOLOCKINPUT, LOCKINPUT, or UNLOCKINPUT. You can abbreviate the
parameter to N, L, or U, respectively. For the least impact to system performance,
use a copy of your RACF database as input and specify the NOLOCKINPUT
parameter.
When your system is RACF is enabled for sysplex communication and RACF is
running in read-only mode, the only parameter allowed for IRRDBU00 is
NOLOCKINPUT.
Using the backup copy of the RACF database is allowed. Using an active copy of
the RACF database can affect system performance and it is not recommended.
The NOLOCKINPUT Parameter

This value allows the unload to be performed and does not change the state of the
input database. If the database is locked, it remains locked. If it is unlocked, it
remains unlocked.
For the least impact to system performance, use a copy of your RACF database as
input and specify the NOLOCKINPUT parameter.
Attention
If you use NOLOCKINPUT on the active database, your unloaded database
might contain inconsistencies.
The LOCKINPUT Parameter

This value ensures that the RACF database used as input is not updated by other
jobs while the utility is running.
Note: Statistics are updated.
If you are running against an active RACF database, LOCKINPUT is recommended.
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Database Utilities
Specifying LOCKINPUT means updates are no longer allowed to an input data set
until the utility ends. If the RACF database is locked and users logging on attempt
to change their user profiles, the logon may not be allowed, depending on the
change. Users may be unable to:
v Change the password
v Specify a correct password after specifying an incorrect one
v Successfully complete the first logon of the day
For the logon to be allowed, you must apply APAR OY56802 to TSO/E 2.3, TSO/E
2.3.1, or TSO/E 2.4.
If you run IRRDBU00 and use LOCKINPUT, any activity that tries to update the
RACF database (such as users logging on and changing passwords or batch jobs
allocating new data sets requiring the creation of RACF profiles) fails with either an
ABEND483 RC50 or ABEND485 RC50.
When using LOCKINPUT against an active database, do not schedule maintenance
that runs past midnight. If RACF is not running in data sharing mode and the RACF
database remains locked past midnight, new jobs cannot be submitted and users
cannot log on unless you disable the gathering of logon statistics by issuing a
SETROPTS NOINITSTATS command. All steps that require a locked database must
be performed on the same calendar day. This is because RACF updates both
primary and backup logon statistics each day.
The database unload utility unlocks the RACF database after processing with
LOCKINPUT specified if the database was unlocked when the utility started. The
unload utility output is for report generation and does not replace the input
database, which is your primary, active, RACF database.
This is different from the IRRUT400 utility, which keeps the input database locked
and creates a new output database. This is done to maintain integrity between the
input database and the output database.
The UNLOCKINPUT Parameter

UNLOCKINPUT is used to unlock a database that had previously been locked by
the LOCKINPUT parameter. This action enables your input database and allows it
to be updated.
No data unloading is done when this parameter is used.
Using the Database Unload Utility Output Effectively

The output file from the database unload utility can be:
v Viewed directly
v Used as input to your own programs
v Manipulated with sort/merge utilities
v Used as input to a database management system. Installations can produce
reports that are tailored to their requirements.
Sort/Merge Programs
The database unload utility processes all of the profiles in the input database. If you
want a subset of the output records, you can use a standard utility such as
DFSORT to select them. For example, the following DFSORT control statements
select the Group Basic Data records (type 0100) and User Basic Data records (type
0200). All other record types are excluded.
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Database Utilities
SORT
FIELDS=(5,4,CH,A,10,20,CH,A)
INCLUDE COND=(5,4,CH,EQ,C0100,OR,5,4,CH,EQ,C0200)
OPTION VLSHRT
Using Database Unload Utility Output with the DFSORT ICETOOL

IBMs DFSORT product provides a reporting facility called ICETOOL. You can
create ICETOOL reports based on output files from the RACF database unload
utility (IRRDBU00) or the SMF data unload utility (IRRADU00). The SYS1.SAMPLIB
member IRRICE contains DFSORT statements for record selection and ICETOOL
statements for report formatting for a wide variety of reports. The IEBUPDTE utility
processes the IRRICE member and creates a partitioned data set (PDS) that
contains two PDS members for each report. The two members contain:
1. The report format
2. The record selection criteria
Attention: For information about the RACF database unload utility (IRRDBU00),
see Using the RACF Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) on page 352. For
information about the SMF data unload utility (IRRADU00), see z/OS Security
Server RACF Auditors Guide.
The Report Format: The report format has a 14 character name (for example,
UGRP). It contains the ICETOOL statements that control report format and record
summary information, such as SORT, COPY, DISPLAY, and OCCURS statements.
An example of a report format member is shown in Figure 11. This is the report
format member UGRP, which is the report format for the Users With Extraordinary
Group Authorities report.
**********************************************************************
* Name: UGRP
*
*
*
* Find all of the user IDs which have extraordinary RACF privileges, *
* such as SPECIAL, OPERATIONS, and AUDITOR at the group level.
*
**********************************************************************
SORT
FROM(DBUDATA) TO(TEMP0001) USING(RACF)
DISPLAY FROM(TEMP0001) LIST(PRINT) PAGE TITLE(UGRP: Users With Extraordinary Group Authorities) DATE(YMD/) TIME(12:) BLANK ON(10,8,CH) HEADER(User ID) ON(19,8,CH) HEADER(Group ID) ON(88,4,CH) HEADER(Group Special) ON(93,4,CH) HEADER(Group Operations) ON(113,4,CH) HEADER(Group Auditor)
Figure 11. Member UGRP: Users With Extraordinary Group Authorities report format
statements
See z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces for the conversion rules of
the database unload utility.
The Record Selection Criteria: The name of the member containing the record
selection criteria is the report member name followed by CNTL (e.g. UGRPCNTL).
Record selection is performed using DFSORT control statements, such as SORT
and INCLUDE. The SORT command is used to select and sort records. The
INCLUDE command is used to specify conditions required for records to appear in
the report.
357
Database Utilities
An example of a record selection member is shown in Figure 12. This is the report
selection member UGRPCNTL, which contains the selection criteria for the Users
With Extraordinary Group Authorities report. In this example, we are including only
User Connect Data records (record type 0205) when the user has the
group-SPECIAL, group-OPERATIONS or group-AUDITOR attribute.
SORT
FIELDS=(10,08,CH,A)
INCLUDE COND=(5,4,CH,EQ,C0205,AND,
(88,3,CH,EQ,CYES,OR,
93,3,CH,EQ,CYES,OR,
113,3,CH,EQ,CYES))
OPTION VLSHRT
Figure 12. Member UGRPCNTL: Users With Extraordinary Group Authorities Report record
selection statements
See z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces for record format
information for the output records of the IRRADU00 and IRRDBU00 utilities. See
z/OS DFSORT Application Programming Guide for the complete details of the
DFSORT statements.
An Important Note on Column Numbers

Both IRRADU00 and IRRDBU00 create records that are variable-length.
Variable-length records have a four-byte record descriptor word (RDW)
describing the length of the record. DFSORT considers the RDW to be part of
the selectable record columns. This means that you must add 4 to any of the
field positions identified for the IRRADU00 and IRRDBU00 records described
in z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces. In the example in
Figure 12, the IRRDBU00 field for record type 0205 is defined in z/OS Security
Server RACF Macros and Interfaces as beginning at record position 1. We
add 4 to this position to get 5, the value that we must use in both the
DFSORT INCLUDE statement for record selection and the ICETOOL ON
operand to select the fields for the report.
Using the RACFICE Procedure to Generate Reports: You can invoke the
ICETOOL utility with the RACFICE procedure contained in the IRRICE member of
SYS1.SAMPLIB. It simplifies the JCL required to execute ICETOOL reports and
contains JCL symbolic variables that represent the input to the RACFICE
procedure. These variables are:
DBUDATA
Output of IRRDBU00 that is being used as input
ADUDATA
Output of IRRADU00 that is being used as input
REPORT
The name of the report that is being generated

See Reports Based on the Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00)
on page 359 for a list of the reports based on IRRDBU00 output
that are shipped with this support. See z/OS Security Server RACF
Auditors Guide for a list of the reports based on IRRADU00 output
that are shipped with this support.
See Creating Customized Reports on page 361 for information
about creating your own reports.
You dont need to specify each of these variables every time you execute the
RACFICE procedure. For example, if you specify the default IRRDBU00 and
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Database Utilities
IRRADU00 data sets in the RACFICE procedure, you create a report (shown in
Figure 13) that lists all user IDs with extraordinary RACF group authorities with the
following JCL:
//jobname JOB Job card...
//stepname EXEC RACFICE,REPORT=UGRP
If the default IRRDBU00 or IRRADU00 data sets are not correct, you can override
them. For example, if the IRRDBU00 output is in the data set
USER01.TEST.IRRDBU00 and the IRRADU00 output is in the data set
USER01.TEST.IRRADU00, you should enter:
//jobname
//
//
//stepname
1- 1 User ID
-------LCLAUDIT
LCLOPER
LCLSPEC
UCAUDR$Y
UCOPER$Y
UCSPEC$Y
JOB
SET
SET
EXEC
Job card...
ADUDATA=USER01.TEST.IRRADU00
DBUDATA=USER01.TEST.IRRDBU00
RACFICE,REPORT=UGRP
UGRP: Users With Extraordinary Group Authorities

Group ID
-------GROUP1
GROUP1
GROUP1
GPCONNEC
GPCONNEC
GPCONNEC
Group Special
------------NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
Group Operations
---------------NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
99/04/13
Group Auditor
------------YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
Figure 13. Report of All Users with Extraordinary Group Authorities
Reports Based on the Database Unload Utility (IRRDBU00): The following

reports are based on the output of IRRDBU00. You can find a sample of each
report in SYS1.SAMPLIB.
Name
Description
ALDS
Data set profiles which have IDs on the standard access list with
ALTER authority. Value: Identifies users who can alter the access
list of the profile.
ASOC
Users who have explicit RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF)

associations defined. Value: Identifies users who can direct
commands.
BGGR
Discrete general resource profiles with generic characters. Value:

Finds profiles which arent protecting what you think that they are
protecting.
CCON
Count of users connections, flagging those users with more than

x connections. Value: Helps find a performance bottleneck caused
by excessive group connections.
CGEN
Count of general resource profiles. Value: Identifies basic

characteristics of the RACF database.
CPRO
Count of user, group, and data set profiles. Value: Identifies basic
characteristics of the RACF database.
CONN
User IDs with group authorities above USE. Value: Identifies users
with additional privileges.
CUG$
Group names of all universal groups, listing their owners and
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Database Utilities
creation dates. Value: Identifies universal groups that may have
members who do not appear in the groups member list.
360
GIDS
z/OS UNIX GIDs that are used more than once. Value: Identifies
z/OS UNIX groups that are sharing authority characteristics.
GRPM
User IDs of all members of a group, including a universal group,

listing the owner of each connection, and group-related user
attributes for each member. Value: Provides a complete member
listing for universal groups, which is not available using the
LISTGRP command.
IDSC
Data set conditional access list entries with an ID(*) entry of other
than NONE. Value: Identifies data set profiles that allow any
RACF-authenticated user to access data.
IDSS
Data set standard access list entries with an ID(*) entry of other
than NONE. Value: Identifies data set profiles that allow any
RACF-authenticated user to access data.
IGRC
General resource conditional access list entries with an ID(*) entry

of other than NONE. Value: Identifies general resource profiles that
allow any RACF-authenticated user to access data.
IGRS
General resource standard access list entries with an ID(*) entry of

other than NONE. Value: Identifies general resource profiles that
allow any RACF-authenticated user to access data.
NWPI
User IDs that have NOINTERVAL specified as their password

interval. Value: Identifies users who are not required to change
their passwords.
OMVS
User IDs that have an OMVS segment defined. Value: Identifies

users who can use z/OS UNIX with a non-default UID.
PCAM
Program class profiles with specific program names that have

MAIN or BASIC for the APPLDATA. Value: Identifies programs
that can be used as first program in ENHANCED program security
mode.
SUPU
z/OS UNIX superusers (UID of zero). Value: Identifies users who

have extraordinary privileges within the z/OS UNIX environment.
UADS
Data set profiles with UACCs other than NONE. Value: Identifies
data set profiles that allow any user to access data.
UAGR
General resource profiles, excluding profiles in the DIGTCERT

class, with UACCs other than NONE. Value: Identifies general
resource profiles that allow any user to access data.
UGLB
User IDs with extraordinary global authorities. Value: Identifies

users with extraordinary RACF authority.
UGRP
User IDs with extraordinary RACF group authorities. Value:

Identifies users with extraordinary RACF authority.
UIDS
z/OS UNIX UIDs that are used more than once. Value: Identifies
z/OS UNIX users who are sharing authority characteristics.
URVK
User IDs which are currently revoked. Value: Identifies users who
have had a revocation performed.
WNDS
Data set profiles that are in WARNING mode. Value: Identifies data
set profiles that are processing in WARNING mode.
Database Utilities
WNGR
General resource profiles that are in WARNING mode. Value:

Identifies general resource profiles that are processing in
WARNING mode.
In addition, the following reports demonstrate advanced ICETOOL techniques:

Name
Description
$CFQG
A count of the number of fully-qualified generic profiles that are

defined for each high-level qualifier (HLQ). Value: Identifies users
who have defined an excessive number of fully qualified generic
profiles.
$CHLQ
A count of the number of generic profiles that are defined for each
high-level qualifier (HLQ). Value: Identifies a potential performance
bottleneck.
$ULAST90
Identifies the user profiles which have been created within the past
90 days. Value: Shows recent administrative activity.
Note that these reports ($CFQC, $CHLQ, and $ULAST90) are standalone reports
and are not run using the RACFICE PROC.
Creating Customized Reports: You can create your own reports using the
RACFICE procedure by following these steps:
1. Identify the records that you want for the report.
a. Define the DFSORT statements for the record selection criteria.
b. Place them in the RACFICE data set with a unique member name
consisting of a 14 character report identifier followed by CNTL.
If there is an existing report that has similar selection criteria, use it as a model.
For example, if you want to report all the access records created when users
PATTY, MAXINE, and LAVERNE accessed resources, you need to create
DFSORT selection statements that look like Figure 14 and store them in your
RACFICE report data set as the PMLCNTL record selection criteria.
INCLUDE COND=(63,8,CH,EQ,CPATTY,OR,
63,8,CH,EQ,CMAXINE,OR,
63,8,CH,EQ,CLAVERNE)
OPTION VLSHRT
Figure 14. Customized Record Selection Criteria
Note the similarity of this record selection criteria to the Users With
Extraordinary Group Authorities Report record selection criteria shown in
See z/OS DFSORT Application Programming Guide for the complete details of
the DFSORT statements.
2. Identify the report format you want to use.
a. Define the ICETOOL statements for the report format.
b. Place them in the RACFICE data set with a 14 character report identifier
that you chose.
If there is an existing report that has similar report format, use it as a model. For
example, if you wanted your report to contain the user ID, job name, date, time,
and status of the access you could use the ICETOOL report statements shown
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Database Utilities
in Figure 15, and store them in your RACFICE report data set as the PML report
format.
COPY
FROM(ADUDATA) TO(TEMP0001) USING(RACF)
DISPLAY FROM(TEMP0001) LIST(PRINT) PAGE TITLE(Patty, Maxine, and Lavernes Accesses) DATE(YMD/) TIME(12:) BLANK ON(63,8,CH) HEADER(User ID) ON(5,8,CH)
HEADER(Event) ON(12,8,CH) HEADER(Qualifier) ON(23,8,CH) HEADER(Time) ON(32,10,CH) HEADER(Date) ON(184,8,CH) HEADER(Job Name)
Figure 15. Customized Report Format
Note the similarity of this report format to the Users With Extraordinary Group
Authorities report format shown in Figure 11 on page 357.
For complete details on the ICETOOL statements, see z/OS DFSORT
Application Programming Guide.
3. Update the report JCL to invoke the RACFICE procedure with the 14 character
report identifier you chose, as shown in Figure 16.
//jobname JOB Job card...
//stepname EXEC RACFICE,REPORT=PML
Figure 16. Customized Report JCL
Relational Databases
Much of the function of the database unload utility is not realized until the data it
creates is loaded into a relational database management system (DBMS) such as
DB2.
Using the Database Unload Utility Output with DB2

You can use the DB2 load utility or its equivalent to process the records produced
by the database unload utility. The definition and control statements for a DB2
utilization of the output, all of which are contained in SYS1.SAMPLIB, are as
follows:
v Sample data definition language (DDL) statements to define the relational
presentation of the RACF database and sample DB2 definitions which perform
database and index creation. These are contained in member RACDBUTB.
v Sample control statements for the DB2 load utility that map the output from the
database unload utility (IRRDBU00). These are contained in member
RACDBULD.
v Sample structured query language (SQL) queries that perform the following
queries. These are contained in member RACDBUQR.
Listing all of the members of a group, including a universal group
Listing all of the users with the SPECIAL attribute
Finding all of the groups to which a user is connected
Finding all of the data set access lists that contain user IDs that are no longer
valid
362
Database Utilities
Listing of z/OS UNIX user identifiers (UIDs) with associated user ID and
programmer name
Listing of z/OS UNIX group identifiers (GIDs) with associated group name
Listing of UIDs including only those users who are connected to a group that
has a GID (for each UID, the user ID and programmer name are listed)
For more information on DB2, see:
v DB2 Administration Guide
v DB2 SQL Reference
Steps for Using IRRDBU00 Output with DB2: To create and manage a DB2
database that contains the output from the database unload utility, you must:
1. Create one or more DB2 databases.
2. Create one or more DB2 table spaces.
3. Create DB2 tables.
4. Create the DB2 indexes.
5. Load data into the tables.
6. Reorganize the data in the tables (optional).
7. Create performance statistics (optional).
8. Delete table data (optional).
The first three steps are initial setup, and you can choose to run them once. When
you get new data to import into the DB2 database, you delete your current table
data. You then reload and reorganize your tables and create the performance
statistics.
The following sections show examples of the DB2 utility input for these functions.
Creating a DB2 Database for Unloaded RACF Data: A DB2 database names a
collection of table spaces. The following SQL statement creates a DB2 database for
the output of the database unload utility:
CREATE DATABASE databasename
where databasename is supplied by the user.

Creating a DB2 Table Space: A table space is one or more data sets in which
one or more tables are stored. Figure 17 contains examples of SQL statements that
create a table space. There are other methods of allocating a table space. For
details, see the DB2 documentation.
Member RACDBUTB in SYS1.SAMPLIB contains statements that create a table
space.
CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename IN databasename
LOCKSIZE TABLESPACE
SEGSIZE 64
PCTFREE 0
USING STOGROUP storagegroup
PRIQTY 2000
SECQTY 500
CLOSE NO
;
Figure 17. Sample SQL Utility Statements: Defining a Table Space
363
Database Utilities
The user must supply the name of the table space (tablespacename) and the
storage group (storagegroup). The sample shows a value of 64 for SEGSIZE, 2000
for PRIQTY, and 500 for SECQTY.
The samples in RACDBUTB put all of the tables into one table space. The sample
also suggests using a segment size because segmented table spaces improve
performance. Users may want to define their own table spaces rather than use
table spaces that are defined by the storage group.
Installations have a number of other options, such as the number of table spaces to
use, the type of spaces, and the security for the data. They may want to keep the
number of tables per table space fairly small for better performance and may want
to consider putting the larger tables into separate table spaces.
Creating the DB2 Tables: After the database and the table space are created,
SQL statements that define the tables are executed. Figure 18 contains an example
of the SQL statements that are required to create a table for the Group Basic Data
record of the database unload utility.
Member RACDBUTB in SYS1.SAMPLIB contains examples that create separate
tables for each record type that is produced by the database unload utility. The user
must supply the user ID (userid).
CREATE TABLE userid.GROUP_BD (
GPBD_NAME
CHAR(8)
NOT
GPBD_SUPGRP_ID
CHAR(8),
GPBD_CREATE_DATE
DATE,
GPBD_OWNER_ID
CHAR(8)
NOT
GPBD_UACC
CHAR(8)
NOT
GPBD_NOTERMUACC
CHAR(1)
NOT
GPBD_INSTALL_DATA CHAR(254),
GPBD_MODEL
CHAR(44)
)
IN databasename.tablespacename
;
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
Figure 18. Sample SQL Utility Statements: Creating a Table
Creating the DB2 Indexes: DB2 performance improves with the use of indexes.
Member RACDBUTB in SYS1.SAMPLIB creates an index for every primary key and
every foreign key identified in the record types. Figure 19 on page 365 contains
sample statements to create the indexes for the Group Basic Data record.
Notes:
1. Users on DB2 Version 2 Release 2 may wish to code CLOSE NO if the tables
are accessed often.
2. Users on DB2 Version 2 Release 3 may wish to code CLOSE YES.
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Database Utilities
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX userid.GROUP_BD_IX1

ON userid.GROUP_BD
(GPBD_NAME)
USING
STOGROUP storagegroup
PRIQTY 100
SECQTY 50
CLUSTER
PCTFREE 0
CLOSE
NO
;
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX userid.GROUP_BD_IX2
ON userid.GROUP_BD
(GPBD_NAME, GPBD_SUPGRP_ID)
USING
PRIQTY 100
SECQTY 50
PCTFREE 0
CLOSE
NO
;
CREATE INDEX userid.GROUP_BD_IX3
ON userid.GROUP_BD
(GPBD_OWNER_ID)
USING
PRIQTY 100
SECQTY 50
PCTFREE 0
CLOSE
NO
;
CREATE INDEX userid.GROUP_BD_IX4
ON userid.GROUP_BD
(GPBD_MODEL)
USING
PRIQTY 100
SECQTY 50
PCTFREE 0
CLOSE
NO
;
Figure 19. Sample SQL Utility Statements: Creating Indexes
Loading the DB2 Tables: Figure 20 shows the statements that are required to
load the Group Basic Data record. The RACDBULD member of SYS1.SAMPLIB
contains statements that load all of the record types produced by the database
unload utility.
LOAD DATA
INDDN tablespacename
RESUME YES
LOG
NO
INTO
TABLE userid.GROUP_BD
WHEN(1:4)=0100 (
GPBD_NAME
POSITION(006:013)
GPBD_SUPGRP_ID
POSITION(015:022)
GPBD_CREATE_DATE
POSITION(024:033)
GPBD_OWNER_ID
POSITION(035:042)
GPBD_UACC
POSITION(044:051)
GPBD_NOTERMUACC
POSITION(053:053)
GPBD_INSTALL_DATA
POSITION(058:311)
GPBD_MODEL
POSITION(314:357)
)
CHAR(8),
CHAR(8)
DATE EXTERNAL(10),
CHAR(8),
CHAR(8),
CHAR(1),
CHAR(254),
CHAR(44)
Figure 20. DB2 Utility Statements Required to Load the Tables
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Database Utilities
Note: You can choose not to load some of the tables.
Reorganizing the Unloaded RACF Data in the DB2 Database: Queries are
processed faster if they are performed against an organized database. The DB2
utility statement required to reorganize the database is:
REORG TABLESPACE databasename.tablespacename
Creating Optimization Statistics for the DB2 Database: Queries are processed
faster if they are performed against an organized database for which DB2 has
collected performance statistics. The DB2 utility statement required to create these
statistics is:
RUNSTATS TABLESPACE databasename.tablespacename
Deleting Data from the DB2 Database: Before you reload the database with new
data, you should delete the old data. This can be done in several ways:
1. Use the DROP TABLE statement for each table you want to delete.
2. Use the DROP TABLESPACE statement for each tablespace.
3. Delete all of the records in each table.
Figure 21 shows the sample SQL statements that delete the group record data
from the tables.
DELETE
DELETE
DELETE
DELETE
DELETE
FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM
userid.GROUP_BD
userid.GROUP_DFP_DATA
userid.GROUP_INSTALL_DATA
userid.GROUP_SUBGROUPS
userid.GROUP_MEMBERS
;
;
;
;
;
Figure 21. DB2 Utility Statements Required to Delete the Group Records
DB2 Table Names: Member RACDBULD in SYS1.SAMPLIB creates DB2 tables

for each record type. Table 29 provides a useful reference of record type, record
name, and DB2 table name.
For more information, see Database Unload Utility Output Samples on page 369.
Table 29. Correlation of Record Type, Record Name, and DB2 Table Name
366
Record
type
Record name
DB2 table name
0100
Group Basic Data
GROUP_BD
0101
Group Subgroups
GROUP_SUBGROUPS
0102
Group Members
GROUP_MEMBERS
0103
Group Installation Data
GROUP_INSTALL_DATA
0110
Group DFP Data
GROUP_DFP_DATA
0120
Group OMVS Data
GROUP_OMVS_DATA
0130
Group OVM Data
GROUP_OVM_DATA
0140
Reserved
0141
Group TME Role
GROUP_TME_ROLE
0200
User Basic Data
USER_BD
0201
User Categories
USER_CATEGORIES
0202
User Classes
USER_CLASSES
Database Utilities
Table 29. Correlation of Record Type, Record Name, and DB2 Table Name (continued)
Record
type
Record name
DB2 table name
0203
User Group Connections
USER_GROUPS
0204
User Installation Data
USER_INSTALL_DATA
0205
User Connect Data
USER_CONNECT_DATA
0206
User RRSF Data
USER_RRSF_DATA
0207
User Certificate Data
USER_CERT_DATA
0208
User Associated Mappings
USER_NMAP_DATA
0210
User DFP Data
USER_DFP_DATA
0220
User TSO Data
USER_TSO_DATA
0230
User CICS Data
USER_CICS_DATA
0231
User CICS Operation Classes
USER_CICS_OPCLASS
0240
User LANGUAGE Data
USER_LANGUAGE_DATA
0250
User OPERPARM Data
USER_OPERPARM_DATA
0251
User OPERPARM Scope
USER_OPERPARM_SCOP
0260
User WORKATTR Data
USER_WORKATTR_DATA
0270
User OMVS Data
USER_OMVS_DATA
0280
User NETVIEW Data
USER_NETV_DATA
0281
User NETVIEW Operation Classes
USER_NETV_OPCLASS
0282
User NETVIEW Domains
USER_NETV_DOMAINS
0290
User DCE Data
USER_DCE_DATA
02B0
User LNOTES Data
USER_LNOTES_DATA
02C0
User NDS Data
USER_NDS_DATA
02D0
User KERB Data
USER_KERB_DATA
02E0
User PROXY Data
USER_PROXY_DATA
02F0
User EIM Data
USER_EIM_DATA
0400
Data Set Basic Data
DS_BD
0401
Data Set Categories
DS_CATEGORIES
0402
Data Set Conditional Access
DS_COND_ACCESS
0403
Data Set Volumes
DS_VOLUMES
0404
Data Set Access
DS_ACCESS
0405
Data Set Installation Data
DS_INSTALL_DATA
0410
Data Set DFP Data
DS_DFP_DATA
0420
Reserved
0421
Data Set TME Role
DS_TME_ROLE
0500
General Resource Basic Data
GENR_BD
0501
General Resource Tape Volumes
GENR_TAPE_VOLUMES
0502
General Resource Categories
GENR_CATEGORIES
0503
General Resource Members
GENR_MEMBERS
0504
General Resource Volumes
GENR_VOLUMES
0505
General Resource Access
GENR_ACCESS
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Database Utilities
Table 29. Correlation of Record Type, Record Name, and DB2 Table Name (continued)
Record
type
Record name
DB2 table name
0506
General Resource Installation Data
GENR_INSTALL_DATA
0507
General Resource Conditional Access
GENR_COND_ACCESS
0508
General Resource Filter Data
GENR_FILTER_DATA
0510
General Resource Session Data
GENR_SESSION_DATA
0511
General Resource Session Entities
GENR_SESSION_ENT
0520
General Resource DLF Data
GENR_DLF_DATA
0521
General Resource DLF Job Names
GENR_DLF_JOBNAMES
0540
General Resource STDATA Data
GENR_STDATA_DATA
0550
General Resource SVFMR Data
GENR_SVFMR_DATA
0560
General Resource Certificate Data
GENR_GRCERT_DATA
0561
General Resource Certificate References

Data
GENR_CERTR_DATA
0562
General Resource Key Ring Data
GENR_KEYR_DATA
0570
General Resource TME Data
GENR_TME_DATA
0571
General Resource TME Children
GENR_TME_CHILDREN
0572
General Resource TME Resource
GENR_TME_RESOURCE
0573
General Resource TME Group
GENR_TME_GROUP
0574
General Resource TME Role
GENR_TME_ROLE
0580
General Resource KERB Data
GENR_KERB_DATA
0590
General Resource PROXY Data
GENR_PROXY_DATA
05A0
General Resource EIM Data
GENR_EIM_DATA
05B0
General Resource ALIAS Data
GENR_ALIAS_DATA
05C0
General Resource CDTINFO Data
GENR_CDTINFO_DATA
Processing User Revocation Information

The RACF database unload utility (IRRDBU00) creates as output a representation
of the data in the RACF database. Only a minimal amount of interpretation is done.
This differs from some RACF commands such as LISTUSER and LISTGRP, which
interpret the data they find in the RACF database. You may notice this difference
among the output of IRRDBU00, the output of the LISTUSER command, and the
output of the LISTGRP command when reviewing the information that describes
revocation status.
For users and their connections to groups, RACF stores three pieces of information
describing the revocation status:
revoke_date
The date from which the user is revoked
resume_date
The date on which the user is no longer revoked
revoked_flag
A flag indicating if the user has been revoked
At logon or job initiation, RACF compares the current date with the revoke_date and
resume_date. If the current date falls between them, the logon or job initiation is not
allowed or the connection with the group is not considered valid.
368
Database Utilities
LISTUSER and LISTGRP perform similar checks. For example, if the date on which
the LISTUSER command is issued falls between the revoke_date and the
resume_date, LISTUSER reports that the user is revoked. If the date on which the
LISTUSER command is issued does not fall between the revoke_date and the
resume_date, LISTUSER indicates that the user is not revoked even if the
revoke_date, resume_date, and revoked_flag are set in the RACF database.
Note: It is possible to have no data for the revoke_date and resume date.
Because IRRDBU00 does not have a reference date such as the current date, it
cannot interpret the revoke_date, resume_date, and revoked_flag information with a
reference date. IRRDBU00 unloads the values as they are specified in the RACF
database. This means that if you write a query that just checks the revoked_flag,
the results differ from LISTUSER and LISTGRP.
You can incorporate a date check into your queries that performs the same checks
as the LISTUSER and LISTGRP commands. Figure 22 shows a structured query
language (SQL) fragment to do this test for the user-revoked status. Note that
CURRENT DATE can be replaced with any valid DB2 date value.
SELECT
...
WHERE
(CURRENT DATE >= USBD_REVOKE_DATE
CURRENT DATE < USBD_RESUME_DATE)
OR
(CURRENT DATE < USBD_RESUME_DATE
USBD_REVOKE_DATE IS NULL)
OR
(CURRENT DATE >= USBD_REVOKE_DATE
USBD_RESUME_DATE IS NULL)
OR
(USBD_REVOKE_DATE IS NULL AND
USBD_RESUME_DATE IS NULL AND
USBD_REVOKE=Y)
...
AND
AND
AND
Figure 22. An SQL Fragment to Process Revoke and Resume Dates
Database Unload Utility Output Samples

A relational database management system such as DB2 can be used with the
Query Management Facility (QMF) to create reports.
A report many installations find useful is a list of all of the data set profiles that
contain an non-valid ID in the access list. This situation occurs when you delete a
user ID or group name without deleting the authorities the ID may have had in the
RACF database.
To search the data set access list for user IDs and group names that do not have
user or group profiles in the database, perform the following steps:
1. Create a query that compares the entries in the access list with a list of valid
user IDs or group names. A sample SQL query is provided in Figure 23 on page
370.
2. Format the results of the query as provided by the QMF form in Figure 24 on
page 371.
The resulting report is shown in Figure 25 on page 371.
369
Database Utilities
Note: If you use the IRRUT100 utility to check the references to a user or group
name, IRRUT100 requires that the user or group name be known. The
sample query shown here does not have such a requirement. It finds all user
IDs or group names that are not valid.
When your RACF database is unloaded, the IRRDBU00 utility creates a Data Set
Access Record (record type 404) for each user ID or group name in the access list
of each data set.
When you load your IRRDBU00 output into DB2, an AUTH_IDS table is created
that contains the name of every valid user ID and group name.
SQL Query: The sample SQL query compares the ID in the data set access
record (DSACC_AUTH_ID) with the list of valid user and group names (in AUTH_IDS).
When a user ID is found that is not a valid user ID or group name, it is listed. The
query also lists the data set profile name, the authority that the user has, and the
access count.
------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description: Check all of the data set standard access lists and
--verify that each user ID is a valid user or
--group name
----- Tables Accessed: SQL
--"DS_ACCESS"
- A list of data set authorities
--"AUTH_IDS"
- A list of valid users/groups
--------------------------------------------------------------------------SELECT
DSACC_NAME
,DSACC_AUTH_ID
,DSACC_ACCESS
,DSACC_ACCESS_CNT
FROM
USER01.DS_ACCESS X
WHERE NOT EXISTS
( SELECT *
FROM
USER01.AUTH_IDS
WHERE
X.DSACC_AUTH_ID=AUTHID_NAME
)
AND
X.DSACC_AUTH_ID=*
ORDER BY 1
;
Figure 23. A Sample SQL Query
QMF Form: If the SQL query shown in Figure 23 is processed using QMF, the
data that is returned can be processed into a report. Figure 24 on page 371 shows
a report or forms definition. It creates the report shown in Figure 25 on page 371
entitled Data Set Profiles With Access Lists Containing User IDs or Group Names
That Are Not Valid.
370
Database Utilities
COLUMNS:
Total Width of Report Columns: 80
NUM COLUMN HEADING

USAGE INDENT
--- -------------------------------------- ------ -----1 DSACC_NAME
BREAK1 2
2 DSACC_AUTH_ID
2
3 DSACC_ACCESS
2
4 DSACC_ACCESS_CNT
2
PAGE:
WIDTH
----44
8
9
11
EDIT
---C
C
C
L
SEQ
--1
2
3
4
HEADING
===> DATA SET PROFILES WITH ACCESS LISTS CONTAINING

USER IDS OR GROUP NAMES THAT ARE NOT VALID
FOOTING ===>
FINAL:
TEXT
===>
BREAK1: NEW PAGE FOR BREAK? ===> NO
FOOTING ===>
BREAK2: NEW PAGE FOR BREAK? ===> NO
FOOTING ===>
OPTIONS: OUTLINE? ===> YES
DEFAULT BREAK TEXT? ===> NO
Figure 24. A Sample QMF Form
Report Output: Figure 25 shows the report that results from the SQL query shown
in Figure 23 on page 370 and the QMF form shown in Figure 24. Not all of the
resulting rows are shown.
DATA SET PROFILES WITH ACCESS LISTS CONTAINING USER IDS OR GROUP
NAMES THAT ARE NOT VALID
DSACC_NAME
DSACC_AUT DSACC_ACC DSACC_ACCES
-------------------------------- -------- --------- ----------TERRYS.WORK.CNTL
WILLIEC
READ
3
JEFFK
READ
2
JOHNL
READ
2
DIANEB
READ
4
SLICK
READ
5
DICKH
READ
2
CHUCKS
READ
1
ERICAK
READ
2
LIZS
READ
3
TONYL
READ
3
JOES
READ
6
GENEK.DOC.TEXT
SUSANK
JIMV
READ
READ
4
2
ELVIS.TEST.DATA
JOEC
READ
10
ACKAWAY.DESIGN.DATA
SUET
READ
HILDE.*
STINGS
TIMS
UPDATE
READ
6
1
04/31/2000 04:26 PM
PAGE 10
Figure 25. A Sample Report
371
Database Utilities
Using the RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00)

The RACF remove ID utility (IRRRID00) can help you keep your RACF database
current. You can use this utility to remove all references to group IDs and user IDs
that no longer exist in or are about to be removed from the RACF database. Also,
you can specify a replacement ID for those IDs that will be removed.
The remove ID utility processes the output of the RACF database unload utility
(IRRDBU00). You need to have read access to this output. To get this output, run
the database unload utility against a copy of the RACF database. See for more
information.
The remove ID utility:
v Uses the DFSORT utility (or an equivalent program) to create lists of IDs from
the output of the database unload utility or from user input in a SYSIN file.
v Compares these IDs to the user IDs and group names contained in such RACF
data fields as:
Standard access list
Conditional access list
Profile names in certain general resource member classes
OWNER fields
NOTIFY fields
APPLDATA fields of certain general resource profiles
Note: See Finding Residual IDs on page 377 for more information about the
fields searched by the remove ID utility.
v Generates output consisting of commands that change or remove the references
to residual authority IDs or to the IDs you specify. For example, the output could
include:
PERMIT commands to delete references on an access list
Commands to delete profiles, for profile names that contain the ID value
Commands to change references to other values, for references requiring that
an ID value be specified
372
Database Utilities
3
user IDs
2 groups
SYSIN
RACF remove ID utility

Find
residual IDs
RACF
database unload
utility
Produce
RACF
commands
Sort
RACF
flat file
INDD
4
5
RACF
database
copy
Copy
Production
RACF
database
RACF Edit
Run
commands
OUTDD
SYSROUT
SYSPRINT
Figure 26. Using the Remove ID Utility
As shown in Figure 26, heres how to use the remove ID utility:

1. Use the database unload utility to produce a flat file. This file is the main input
to the remove ID utility. You should use a copy of the production RACF
database as input to the database unload utility.
2. Optionally, you can specify a SYSIN file.
If this file is empty or does not contain any valid input, or if it is allocated as
DUMMY, the remove ID utility searches for residual references to user IDs or
group names that do not exist as a user profile or a group profile. See Running
IRRRID00 with an Empty SYSIN on page 378 for an example.
3. The remove ID utility does one of the following:
a. Finds the residual IDs, sorts them, and then uses this list of IDs to produce
output that contains the appropriate RACF commands.
See Finding Residual IDs on page 377 for more information about this
step.
b. Uses a list of user IDs and group names that are specified in the SYSIN file
to produce output that contains the appropriate RACF commands.
See Creating Commands to Remove IDs on page 378 for more information
about this step.
4. The remove ID utility creates an OUTDD file, which contains commands to
change or remove the occurrences of these IDs.
You should review the commands the remove ID utility generates and, if
necessary, edit them.
If you run the remove ID utility with no SYSIN file, or do not specify a
replacement ID, the output shows any references to an ID that requires a
replacement as ?id. This might be the case, for example, in places where a
residual user ID was the owner of other profiles. You should change all
occurrences of ?id, if any, to an existing user ID or group name.
373
Database Utilities
5. As long as you have sufficient authority, you can now run these commands on
the production RACF database. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference for the specific authority requirements for RACF
commands.
Notes:
1. The remove ID utility deals with profiles in the RACF database. So, keep in
mind that the remove ID utility does not produce any commands to delete, or
rename the resources these profiles protect. You must delete, rename, or make
sure other profiles protect those resources that were once protected.
You can use DFSMSdss to rename data sets for IDs that you will be removing
from the RACF database.
2. If you delete profiles before you delete or rename the data sets themselves and
PROTECTALL is in effect, you might need some extra authority to remove these
data sets.
3. If you remove a user ID that had been cross-linked with a DCE principal,
contact the cells DCE administrator to determine whether the DCE principal
should be deleted from the cell.
4. If a residual ID is found in a NOTELINK or NDSLINK profile, an RDELETE
command will be produced to delete the profile. However, if the profile name
contains lower case characters, the RDELETE command cannot be executed
successfully. To delete the profile, you must issue an ADDUSER command for
the user ID specifying the corresponding LNOTES SNAME or NDS UNAME.
Then, a DELUSER can be issued to delete the user profile and the NOTELINK
or NDSLINK profile.
5. If a user ID that you have specified in the SYSIN file is found in the name of a
user profile containing an LNOTES, NDS, or DCE segment, IRRRID00 will
produce a DELUSER command to delete the user profile, but it will not produce
RDELETE commands to delete the corresponding NOTELINK, NDSLINK, or
DCEUUIDS general resource profiles. Deletion of the user ID through
DELUSER processing will cause the deletion of the corresponding general
resource profiles.
IRRRID00 Job Control Statements

The following job control statements are needed to run the remove ID utility:
JOB
Initiates the job.

It is recommended that you run IRRRID00 with a region size of
25M:
EXEC PGM=IRRRID00,REGION=25M
Note: The storage required to run IRRRID00 successfully depends

on the size of the RACF database and other factors that are
controlled by the sort utility your installation uses. If the job
does not run because there is not enough storage available,
try increasing the region size. If your installation has a large
RACF database, a region size of 0M may be required:
EXEC PGM=IRRRID00,REGION=0M
EXEC
Specifies the program name (PGM=IRRRID00) or the procedure

name if the job control statements are in a procedure library.
SYSPRINT DD
Defines a sequential message data set for the messages produced
by IRRRID00.
374
Database Utilities
SYSOUT DD
Defines a sequential message data set for the messages produced

by the DFSORT utility or its equivalent.
SORTOUT DD
Defines a work data set that contains final list records. This data set
should be approximately the same size as the data set allocated to
INDD.
SYSUT1 DD
Defines a work data set that contains intermediary records. This

data set should be approximately the same size as the data set
allocated to INDD.
INDD DD
Defines the sequential input data set that contains the IRRDBU00
output being processed. This statement should refer to the same
data set as the OUTDD statement does in the IRRDBU00 job.
OUTDD DD
Defines the single sequential output data set. The output of

IRRRID00 is a set of variable length records that contain the
commands needed to delete or alter the references to the IDs. This
data set must be allocated as a variable length data set, with a
logical record length (LRECL) of at least 259. If a shorter LRECL is
supplied, IRRRID00 changes the LRECL to 259.
When IRRRID00 opens the OUTDD data set, it verifies that the
block size of the data set is at least 4 greater than the LRECL.
SYSIN DD
Defines the sequential input data set that contains the list of user
IDs or group names to search for. Each ID must be on its own
record. The ID can be up to 8 characters in length. It will be
truncated if longer than 8 characters.
Optionally, you can specify a replacement ID. The replacement ID
must be on the same input record, separated from the original ID
by at least 1 blank. The replacement ID can be up to 8 characters
in length. It will be truncated if longer than 8 characters.
IRRRID00 accepts both fixed length records (RECFM=F or
RECFM=FB) and variable length records (RECFM=V or
RECFM=VB) either with or without record numbers. To allow for
record numbers, IRRRID00 always ignores columns 18 if the
SYSIN records are variable length, and ignores the last eight
columns if the records are fixed length. In addition, IRRRID00
ignores blank records.
Notes:
1. The SYSIN DD is optional.
If SYSIN is specified, IRRRID00 does not validate the ID being searched for or
the replacement ID.
If it is not specified or if it points to a data set that does not contain a list of user
IDs or group names, a message is issued to SYSPRINT and a search is
performed for all references to IDs that no longer exist.
2. The percent (%) and asterisk (*) are processed as regular characters; no
generic processing will be performed. A period (.) should not be used but will be
accepted; a match of IDs will not occur in most cases.
3. Some of the DD names shown are for DFSORT only. If you are using an
equivalent product, refer to that products documentation for the DD names to
use.
375
Database Utilities
Searching for All Residual References

To search for all references to IDs that no longer exist, run IRRRID00 with no IDs
specified. You can do this either by not allocating the SYSIN DD statement or by
allocating it to DUMMY. Figure 27 shows the sample JCL used to run RACF remove
ID utility.
//USER01
//CLEANUP
//SYSPRINT
//SYSOUT
//SORTOUT
//SYSUT1
//INDD
//OUTDD
//SYSIN
/*
JOB
EXEC
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
Job card...
PGM=IRRRID00,REGION=25M
SYSOUT=*
SYSOUT=*
UNIT=SYSALLDA,SPACE=(CYL,(5,5))
DISP=OLD,DSN=USER01.IRRDBU00.DATA
DISP=OLD,DSN=USER01.IRRRID00.CLIST
DUMMY
Figure 27. Searching for All Residual References
Searching for a List of IDs

IRRRID00 can be used to find specific user IDs and group names. Figure 28 shows
the sample JCL used to run RACF remove ID utility and search for the IDs MARK,
BRUCE, and JUNO.
//USER01
//CLEANUP
//SYSPRINT
//SYSOUT
//SORTOUT
//SYSUT1
//INDD
//OUTDD
//SYSIN
MARK
BRUCE
JUNO
/*
JOB
EXEC
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
Job card...
SYSOUT=*
SYSOUT=*
*
Figure 28. Searching for Specific References
Specifying a Replacement ID
Figure 29 on page 377 shows the sample JCL used to run the RACF remove ID
utility and search for the IDs MARK, BRUCE, and JUNO, with a replacement ID for
MARK.
376
Database Utilities
//USER01
//CLEANUP
//SYSPRINT
//SYSOUT
//SORTOUT
//SYSUT1
//INDD
//OUTDD
//SYSIN
MARK ELVIS
BRUCE
JUNO
/*
JOB
EXEC
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
Job card...
SYSOUT=*
SYSOUT=*
*
Figure 29. Specifying a Replacement ID
Finding Residual IDs

The remove ID utility searches these fields for any references to user IDs or group
names that do not exist as a user profile or a group profile:
v Owner
v Superior group
v Subgroup
v Default group
v Connections
v Connection owner
v Notify
v Standard access list
DFP(RESOWNER)
STUSER
STGROUP
GROUPS field of the TME segment for general resource profiles in the ROLE
class
v APPLDATA field of general resource profiles in the following classes:
DCEUUIDS
DIGTCERT
DIGTCRIT
DIGTNMAP
KERBLINK
NDSLINK
NOTELINK
TMEADMIN
v
v
v
v
v
Note: RDELETE commands created for profiles in the following classes may
not be executed successfully if the profile name contains lowercase
characters:
- KERBLINK
- NDSLINK
- NOTELINK
See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for
information about recovering from these failures.
377
Database Utilities
v Data set high-level qualifier
v GLOBAL DATASET high-level qualifier
v Profile names of certain general resource member classes
A list of user IDs and group names is generated from this processing. This list of
IDs is used to create the appropriate RACF commands.
Running IRRRID00 with an Empty SYSIN

You may want to run the remove ID utility regularly, as part of a RACF database
cleanup task that you perform periodically, for example. When you run the utility
with a SYSIN DD DUMMY statement, the output show all occurrences of residual IDs in
your RACF database.
//CLEANUP EXEC PGM=IRRRID00,REGION=25M
//SYSPRINT DD
SYSOUT=*
//SYSOUT
DD
SYSOUT=*
.
.
.
//INDD
//OUTDD
//SYSIN
DD
DD
DD
...
...
DUMMY
Figure 30. Running IRRRID00 with an Empty SYSIN: Sample Input
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
A.B.**
UPROC1
12345
A.B.**
A.B.**
ID(MARK) DELETE
CLASS(TSOPROC) ID(MARK) DELETE
CLASS(ACCTNUM) ID(MARK) DELETE
ID(JUNO) DELETE
OWNER(?JUNO)
Figure 31. Running IRRRID00 with an Empty SYSIN: Sample Output
As shown in Figure 31, IRRRID00 found several references to MARK and JUNO,
even though these users did not have a profile in the USER class. IRRRID00
produces the commands you would need to change or remove these references in
the various fields.
Creating Commands to Remove IDs

A list of IDs from the SYSIN file or from the residual search processing is used to
create the appropriate RACF commands. While creating the RACF commands, the
remove ID utility searches these fields:
v All fields that were searched in finding residual IDs
v All data set qualifiers
v All general resource qualifiers
v Selected member data
See Processing General Resource Profiles on page 383 for more information
about general resources and member data.
Running IRRRID00 with Data in SYSIN

If you run the remove ID utility with oldid newid as input, newid replaces all
references to oldid in these fields:
v DFLTGRP
v OWNER
v RESOWNER
378
Database Utilities
v SUPGROUP
The newid value must follow the oldid value on the same input record, separated
from it by at least 1 blank.
In this example, MARK was specified in SYSIN. IRRRID00 now produces only
RACF commands relative to this user ID. In addition, when you run IRRRID00 with
a list of IDs, delete commands (DELDSD or RDELETE) are created for all data set
and general resource profiles that have one of the IDs as a qualifier. The search for
IDs within profile names is done without regard to any generic character in the
profile name.
//CLEANUP EXEC PGM=IRRRID00,REGION=25M
//SYSPRINT DD
SYSOUT=*
//SYSOUT
DD
SYSOUT=*
.
.
.
//INDD
//OUTDD
//SYSIN
MARK
/*
DD
DD
DD
...
...
*
Figure 32. Running IRRRID00 with Data in SYSIN: Sample Input
ALTDSD
ALTDSD
ALTDSD
PERMIT
PERMIT
A.B.**
A.B.**
A.B.**
A.B.**
A.B.**
OWNER(?MARK)
NONOTIFY
DFP(RESOWNER(?MARK))
ID(MARK) DELETE
WHEN(PROGRAM(ABCD)) ID(MARK) DELETE
Figure 33. Running IRRRID00 with Data in SYSIN: Sample Output
IRRRID00 Output
The output of the RACF remove ID utility is a set of commands that remove or alter
the references to residual authority IDs or to IDs in the list of IDs specified in the
SYSIN data set. References on an access list are deleted with the PERMIT
command. For references requiring that another ID value be specified, commands
are created to change the reference to another value.
When IRRRID00 searches for references, it creates delete commands (DELDSD or
RDELETE) for all data set and general resource profiles that have one of the IDs as
a qualifier. IRRRID00 searches for IDs within profile names without regard to any
generic characters within the profile name.
In some cases, such as an ID in an access list or in a NOTIFY field, the command
simply removes the ID. In other cases, such as an OWNER field, the ID cannot
simply be removed. In these cases, IRRRID00 creates a value that is the
replacement ID value. The default replacement ID value is ?id, where id is the ID
that is being replaced. For example, if the utility was searching for the ID MARK,
which is the owner of profile IRRDBU00.JCL.*, IRRRID00 generates this command:
ALTDSD DA(IRRDBU00.JCL.*) GENERIC OWNER(?MARK)
Because ?MARK is not a syntactically valid ID, you cannot run this command. Use
the editor of your choice to change ?MARK to the ID you want to own this profile. If
MARK owned more than one profile, you can globally change ?MARK to the new ID
379
Database Utilities
field for all of its occurrences with a global edit command. For example, to change
all of MARKs ownership to ELVIS using ISPF, enter:
C ?MARK ELVIS ALL
/****************************************************************/
/*
*/
/* The RACF Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) was executed on
*/
/* 1998-03-23 at 09:00:01.
*/
/*
*/
/* This file contains RACF commands that can be used to
*/
/* identify references to user IDs and group names. Residual
*/
/* references on an access list are deleted with the PERMIT
*/
/* command. For all other references, commands are created to
*/
/* change the reference to another value. The default value
*/
/* is ?id. This allows all references to a particular ID to
*/
/* be easily changed to another value using a text editor.
*/
/*
*/
/* Commands to alter ROLE definitions will be created within
*/
/* comments for informational purposes, though the actual
*/
/* updates should be made from Tivoli. The ROLE will not be
*/
/* updated with a replacement value for a group name.
*/
/****************************************************************/
/****************************************************************/
/* The INDD data set has been scanned for all names that do
*/
/* not have a user or group name defined for them in INDD. This */
/* list of names has been formatted and sorted into the
*/
/* SORTOUT data set.
*/
/****************************************************************/
CONNECT BILL
GROUP(RACFDEV )
OWNER(?ELVIS )
ALTDSD DASDDEF.VCE313S GENERIC OWNER(?JUNO )
PERMIT D12*
CLASS(DASDVOL ) ID(MARK ) DELETE
PERMIT 111111 CLASS(DASDVOL ) ID(BRUCE ) DELETE
PERMIT 222222 CLASS(DASDVOL ) ID(JUNO ) DELETE
RALTER FACILITY IRR.LISTUSER NONOTIFY
RALTER FACILITY IRR.PASSWORD.RESET OWNER(?TERRY )
/* RALTER ROLE DEVELOPMENT TME(DELGROUPS(RACFDEV ))
*/
/****************************************************************/
/* The following commands delete profiles. You must review
*/
/* these commands, editing them if necessary, and then remove
*/
/* the EXIT statement to allow the execution of the commands.
*/
/****************************************************************/
EXIT
RDELETE
DELDSD
DELDSD
DELUSER
DELUSER
DELUSER
DELGROUP
TMEADMIN [email protected]
D69A.BRUCE.TEXT VOLUME(TSO018) NOSET
D69A.MARK.*
BRUCE
JUNO
MARK
RACFDEV
/****************************************************************/
/* IRRRID00 has successfully completed
*/
/****************************************************************/
Figure 34. Sample Output from the IRRRID00 Utility
380
Database Utilities
Issuing the Commands Generated by IRRRID00

Before running the commands that IRRRID00 creates, you need to review the
IRRRID00 output. IRRRID00 places the commands that alter existing profiles before
the commands that delete profiles. IRRRID00 places an EXIT command between
these two sets of commands. By making TSO stop the second set of commands
from running, EXIT prevents the deletion of profiles until after you have reviewed the
commands generated by IRRRID00. You must remove the EXIT statement to run
the commands that follow it.
Processing Profiles and Resources

IRRRID00 creates commands that change the protection of your resources. You
should make sure that the resources protected by the RACF profiles that are being
altered or deleted have been properly renamed, deleted, or protected by other
RACF profiles.
A resource that was protected by a profile that IRRRID00 has deleted is now
protected by another less specific profile, your installations PROTECTALL value (for
data sets only), or any installation exits.
When IRRRID00 generates a DELDSD command to remove a profile for a discrete
data set, it uses the NOSET operand, which leaves the RACF-indicated bit on in
the VTOC.
Any data sets that have a high-level qualifier (HLQ) of a user ID or a group name
that no longer exists should be archived or assigned new high-level qualifiers. You
should consider renaming the data sets to another HLQ to ensure that they have
proper protection and ownership.
IBMs DFSMSdss component (or equivalent) can be used to delete or rename data
sets. With appropriate profiles in the RACF FACILITY class, you can use the
ADMIN option on DFSMSdss commands:
v COPY with delete and rename unconditional
v DUMP with delete followed by RESTORE with rename unconditional.
DFSMSdss also provides the following special patch-flags, which are effective only
when ADMIN is used:
v Changing Default Protection Status During Restore
Offset 13
Turns off the RACF indicator in the volume table of contents
v Bypass Storage and Management Class Authorization Checking During Restore
Offset 16
Bypass failures due to the owner of the resource being a

revoked user ID
v Bypass Storage and Management Class Authorization Checking During Copy7
Offset 3C
Bypasses failures due to the owner of the resource being a

revoked user ID
v Allow COPY with DELETE of RACF Indicated Data Sets and No Discrete Profile7
Offset 3D
Requests a warning instead of an error condition
For more information on:
7. The patch-flags at offset 3C and 3D are recent additions to DFSMSdss 1.2. See the closing text in APARs OW09751 and
OW10314, respectively, for more information.
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Database Utilities
v DFSMSdss commands, see z/OS DFSMSdss Storage Administration Reference.
v The ADMIN option and the appropriate RACF FACILITY class profiles, see z/OS
DFSMSdss Storage Administration Reference.
v The DFSMSdss patch-flags, see z/OS DFSMSdss Diagnosis Guide.
What IRRRID00 Verifies

When doing a residual search for ID values that are no longer valid, IRRRID00
verifies that the ID value is correct in the context that it is used. For example, a
NOTIFY field may only have a user ID as its value. If IRRRID00 determines that a
NOTIFY field contains a group name, IRRRID00 then searches that IRRDBU00
output for all occurrences of that ID and creates commands to delete those
occurrences, allowing you to ensure that the ID has the correct access authorities.
You should always review the SYSPRINT output from IRRRID00 for occurrence of
messages IRR68017I and IRR68018I. If these messages are found, the profiles in
error should be corrected and IRRRID00 should be rerun.
Because IRRRID00 searches for all occurrences of user IDs and group names that
are referenced incorrectly anywhere in the RACF database, you may find IRRRID00
attempting to delete access list entries or profiles that should not be deleted. This
might be the case if you erroneously specified a group name for a command
operand that requires a user ID, or if a user ID is deleted leaving residual data and
the same ID is then used to create a group name.
For example, USER1 has the correct default group of GROUP1 as a result of
executing the following commands:
AG GROUP1
AU USER1 DFLTGRP(GROUP1)
If the following command is then executed, a STARTED profile is defined with

GROUP1 erroneously specified as the USER value in the STDATA field. Message
IRR52144I is issued warning that GROUP1 is not a user ID. However, the profile is
added.
RALTER STARTED AJB.* STDATA(USER(GROUP1))
When IRRRID00 is executed, the following messages appear in SYSPRINT:

IRR68017I
The ID GROUP1 in the STARTED profile AJB.* is not correct.
IRR68018I
The record number is 48. The ID value should be a USER profile.
These messages indicate that GROUP1 is used incorrectly. IRRRID00 searches for
all references to GROUP1 and creates the following commands to remove those
references.
/**********************************************************
/* The INDD data set has been scanned for all names that do
/* not have a user or group id defined for them in INDD.
/* This list of names has been formatted and sorted into
/* the SORTOUT data set.
/**********************************************************
CONNECT
ALTUSER
CONNECT
RALTER
REMOVE
USER1
USER1
?GROUP1
STARTED
USER1
GROUP(?GROUP1 )
DFLTGRP(?GROUP1 )
GROUP(GROUPB
)
AJB.* STDATA( USER(?GROUP1
GROUP(GROUP1 )
))
/**********************************************************
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Database Utilities
/* The following commands delete profiles. You must review
/* these commands, editing them if necessary, and then
/* remove the EXIT statement to allow the execution
/* of the commands.
/**********************************************************
EXIT
DELGROUP GROUP1
/**********************************************************
/* IRRRID00 has successfully completed
/**********************************************************
In this example, the output commands to remove all references to GROUP1 should
not be executed. Instead, you can alter the AJB.* profile to reference an existing
valid user ID. Then, when IRRRID00 is rerun, these output commands will not
appear.
Database Objects That Are Not Processed

RACF requires that several key RACF objects always exists. IRRRID00 does not
create commands that delete these items:
v the user IDs: IBMUSER, irrcerta, irrmulti, and irrsitec
v the group names: SYS1, VSAMDSET, and SYSCTLG
v connections between IBMUSER and SYS1, VSAMDSET, and SYSCTLG
v the superior group of VSAMDSET and SYSCTLG
v the SECLABEL profiles SYSLOW, SYSHIGH, SYSNONE and SYSMULTI.
Processing a Hierarchy of Groups

When IRRRID00 encounters a hierarchy of groups in which a group is a superior
group to a second group and both of the groups are being deleted, IRRRID00
temporarily changes the superior group to SYS1 and deletes the groups.
Processing Global Profiles

GLOBAL data set profiles are processed like data set profiles. If no SYSIN data is
specified, IRRRID00 searches the database looking for potential residual IDs.
During this search, general resource profiles are not searched, with the exception of
GLOBAL data set profiles. GLOBAL data set profile names are processed just like
data set profile names: the HLQs of profiles are examined for residual IDs.
The special qualifier names that are allowed in a GLOBAL data profile, such as
&RACUID and &RACGRP, are not considered residual IDs.
Processing General Resource Profiles

IRRRID00 does not search the names of general resource profiles that do not
contain user ID or group name values. Classes in which profiles names are not
searched for ID values include TAPEVOL, DASDVOL, RACGLIST, SECLABEL, and
SECDATA classes. Member data in these classes or their GLOBAL equivalents is
not searched.
The profile names of VMEVENT and VMXEVENT profiles are searched, but
member data in these classes or their GLOBAL equivalents is not searched.
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Database Utilities
Processing MEMBER Data

IRRRID00 only processes the first 252 characters of data for an ADDMEM or
DELMEM operand. Commands with truncated data are preceded by a question
mark (?). VMEVENT/VMXEVENT member records are not processed.
Processing Universal Groups

If you wish to delete a universal group, you should run IRRRID00, specifying the
group name, to delete the group and remove all member connections. The
DELGROUP command may successfully delete a UNIVERSAL group that has
members connected to it because universal group profiles may not contain all
connected user IDs in the member list. However, when you delete a universal
group, you will receive the ICH05008I informational warning message that the group
is a universal group, reminding you to run IRRRID00. For more information about
universal groups, see Defining Large Groups with the UNIVERSAL Attribute on
page 54.
Be sure to execute the resulting REMOVE commands to remove all users from the
universal group. If you do not, the profiles of those users will contain residual data
regarding the deleted group connection. You should also execute any resulting
PERMIT DELETE commands to remove residual entries from access lists that
contain the deleted universal group.
IRRRID00 and Tivoli

The RACF remove ID utility detects profiles in the TMEADMIN class when the input
user ID is in the APPLDATA field of the TMEADMIN class profile.
IRRRID00 also finds occurrences of group names in the GROUPS field of the TME
segment for general resource profiles in the ROLE class. You should make updates
to ROLE profiles by changing the role definition from the Tivoli desktop and
distributing the change to the z/OS or OS/390 system. The commands generated
by IRRRID00 to remove the group references are commented out in the IRRRID00
output data set. If Tivoli has left a residual group reference in this field, you can
uncomment the command and run the output EXEC.
If a replacement group name is specified in the SYSIN data set, IRRRID00 does
not generate the command to add the new group name to the GROUPS field in the
TME segment. Again, this is because the updates should be performed from the
Tivoli desktop.
A change made locally to RACF does not have any effect on resource access due
to role membership. If this change is not also made to the Tivoli database, the local
RACF modification will be overridden the next time the role is distributed from Tivoli.
Time Required to Run IRRRID00

The amount of processing time IRRRID00 requires and how much I/O it performs
depends on:
v The size of the database it is processing
v The number of IDs it is searching for
v The number of commands it will create
v Whether it is performing a residual search.
Periodically, IRRRID00 displays the number of IRRDBU00 records it has processed.
The message numbers are IRR68019I and IRR68020I. These messages describe
384
Database Utilities
the number of records that have been searched (if a residual processing search
was specified) and the number of records that have been processed looking for
references to IDs.
385
386
Chapter 12. The RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF)

The RRSF Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RRSF Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local and Remote RRSF Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Single-System and Multisystem RRSF Nodes . . . . . . . . .
Local and Remote Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establishing User ID Associations in the RRSF Network . . . . . . .
Types of User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Password Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Message Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output Capturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The RACLINK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining User ID Associations For Your Own User ID . . . . . .
Defining User ID Associations For Other Users . . . . . . . .
Managed User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approving User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Listing User ID Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command Direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commands That Are Not Eligible for Command Direction . . . . . .
Directing Commands Using the AT Option . . . . . . . . . . .
Directing Commands on the Local Node . . . . . . . . . . .
Directing Commands On a Remote Node. . . . . . . . . . .
Capturing Command Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Directing Commands Using the ONLYAT Option . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preparing to Use Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effects of Using OUTPUT and NOTIFY . . . . . . . . . . .
Output Data Set Names for Automatic Direction . . . . . . . .
Notify Messages for Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Output From Automatic Direction . . . . . . . . . . .
Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interaction between Automatic Direction of Commands and Automatic
Direction of Application Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interaction between Automatic Password Direction and Automatic
Direction of Application Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interaction among Password Synchronization, Automatic Direction of
Commands, and Automatic Password Direction . . . . . . .
Using Automatic Direction of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commands Not Eligible for Automatic Direction of Commands . . .
How Automatic Direction of Commands Works . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Command Direction Authorization Checks . . . . . .
The AT Option and Automatic Command Direction . . . . . . .
Summary of Rules for Automatic Direction of Commands . . . . .
Using Automatic Direction of Application Updates . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Rules for Automatic Direction of Application Updates . .
Considerations for the DATASET Class . . . . . . . . . . .
RRSF Considerations for Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . .
Suppression of Private Key Information Propagation. . . . . . .
Using Automatic Password Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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RRSF
Relationship to User ID Associations . . . . . . . .
RRSF Considerations for JES Security . . . . . . .
RRSF Considerations for Network Authentication Service .
Synchronizing Database Profiles . . . . . . . . . . .
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417
This chapter describes aspects of the RACF remote sharing facility (RRSF) that
security administrators should be aware of.
The RACF remote sharing facility allows RACF to communicate via APPC with
other MVS systems that use RACF, allowing you to maintain remote RACF
databases. RRSF extends the RACF operating environment beyond the traditional
single host and shared DASD environments, to an environment made up of RRSF
nodes that are capable of communicating with one another. This support provides
administration of multiple RACF databases from anywhere in the RRSF network.
Benefits of RRSF support for the security administrator include:
v Administration from anywhere in the RRSF network.
With RRSF, a security administrator logged on to one system in the RRSF
network can direct allowed RACF TSO commands to remote RRSF nodes in the
RRSF network. Administration of all the RACF systems in the RRSF network can
take place from a single point of control.
v User ID associations.
By supporting user ID associations and password synchronization, RRSF gives
users with multiple user IDs the option of keeping their user ID passwords
automatically synchronized across multiple systems.
v Automatic synchronization of databases. With automatic direction, RACF can
keep databases synchronized automatically. When a command or application
updates a database, RACF can automatically make the change to other
databases.
The RRSF Network

The RRSF network, the foundation of the RRSF environment, is the structure
through which RRSF functions operate. An RRSF network is made up of RRSF
nodes. An RRSF node is made up of one or more z/OS or OS/390 systems running
with active RACF subsystems. Figure 35 on page 389 illustrates an RRSF network.
388
RRSF
Toronto
London
RACF database
RACF database
New York
Sydney
RACF database
RACF database
Figure 35. An RRSF Network
RRSF Nodes
An RRSF node is an MVS system image that has been defined as an RRSF node
to RACF by a TARGET command. For information about defining RRSF nodes with
the TARGET command, see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers
Guide.
To direct commands or application updates from one MVS system image to another
or synchronize passwords between users on two or more MVS system images,
both system images must first be defined to RACF as RRSF nodes that can
communicate with each other.
Local and Remote RRSF Nodes

In an RRSF network, the local node is the node whose viewpoint you are speaking
from. Its remote nodes are the other nodes in the network the local node
communicates with. For example, in the network shown in Figure 35:
v From the Toronto nodes point of view, the Toronto node is the local node and the
Sydney and London nodes are remote nodes. The Toronto node cannot
communicate with the New York node.
v From the London nodes point of view the London node is the local node and the
Toronto, Sydney, and New York nodes are remote nodes.
v From the Sydney nodes point of view, the Sydney node is the local node and the
Toronto and London nodes are remote nodes. The Sydney node cannot
communicate with the New York node.
v From the New York nodes point of view, the New York node is the local node
and the London node is a remote node. The New York node cannot
communicate with the Sydney and Toronto nodes.
Single-System and Multisystem RRSF Nodes

In an RRSF network, each local or remote node can also be a single-system node
or a multisystem node.
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RRSF
A single-system RRSF node is an RRSF node that consists of one MVS system
image that does not share its RACF database. For example, in the network shown
in Figure 35 on page 389, the Toronto node uses its own RACF database, which it
shares with no other system.
A multisystem RRSF node is an RRSF node that consists of multiple MVS system
images that share the same RACF database. One of the systems is designated as
the main system and receives most of the RRSF communications sent to the node.
For example, in the network shown in Figure 35 on page 389, the New York node
might consist of two systems, Bronx and Brooklyn, that share a RACF database.
One of the systems, Bronx, is designated as the main system. This does not affect
its status as a local or remote node.
Local and Remote Modes

An RRSF node can operate in either local mode or remote mode.
When an RRSF node operates in local mode, it cannot communicate with other
RRSF nodes. A node operating in local mode provides some remote sharing
functions:
v Users with multiple user IDs on the node can synchronize passwords between
those user IDs.
v Users with multiple user IDs on the node can direct commands to run under the
other user IDs.
v Users can direct commands from their user IDs on the node to the same user ID.
This allows you to run commands asynchronously in the RACF subsystem
address space.
When an RRSF node operates in remote mode, it can communicate with other
RRSF nodes. A node operating in remote mode provides all remote sharing
features, so you can perform RACF functions across a network.
Establishing User ID Associations in the RRSF Network

Once the RRSF environment has been configured, users can establish associations
(called user ID associations) between two RACF user IDs on nodes in the network.
The user ID associations are used to:
v Link (associate) two user profiles on the same or different nodes
v Enable password synchronization to occur
Between a users user IDs on the same node
Between a users user IDs on different nodes.
v Allow a user to manually direct most RACF commands to execute on other user
IDs with which the users user ID has an appropriate association.
A RACF user ID can have multiple user ID associations. User ID associations can
be set up by each user or by the security administrator using the RACLINK
command. To enable the use of RACLINK, you need to create a profile in the
RRSFDATA class. Once youve created the profile, you can restrict it to a subset of
users. See Controlling Access to the RACLINK Command on page 267 for more
information on enabling the use of the RACLINK command.
Types of User ID Associations

User ID associations can be either peer or managed associations.
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RRSF
A peer user ID association occurs between two user IDs and enables the user of
either user ID to run allowed RACF commands under the authority of the other
using 2-way command direction. Password synchronization is allowed in peer
associations and these associations can be deleted by either user.
A managed user ID association enables the managing user ID to run allowed RACF
commands under the authority of the managed user ID using 1-way command
direction. Users of the managed user ID cannot run RACF commands under the
authority of the managing user ID. Password synchronization is not allowed in
managed associations and these associations can be deleted by either user.
Password Synchronization
With RRSF, users with multiple user IDs can keep their passwords synchronized
across RACF databases. Password synchronization can be requested between user
IDs when a peer user ID association is established with the RACLINK command
and the PWSYNC option is specified.
The passwords of the user IDs do not need to be synchronized at the time the
association is requested, nor are they synchronized when the association is
established. The passwords are synchronized when either of the associated user
IDs initiates a password change. The password history is updated with the old
password on all systems where the password change occurs.
Password synchronization can occur for password changes initiated by:
v Logon processing
v The PASSWORD command
v The ALTUSER command
v Application programs that use the RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY macro to
supply the users new password in clear text form.
v Application programs that use the ICHEINTY or RACROUTE
REQUEST=EXTRACT,TYPE=REPLACE to supply the users new password in
clear text form.
Note: Password changes initiated by the ADDUSER command do not result in
password synchronization because the new user ID is not yet part of a user
ID association.
The security administrator can enable or disable password synchronization for user
IDs that have established a peer user ID association with password synchronization
requested. See Controlling Password Synchronization on page 267 for more
information.
Message Processing
Messages about the status of a password change and the password
synchronization request can be viewed by editing the users RRSFLIST data set,
depending on the option specified on the SET PWSYNC command. See Capturing
Command Output on page 397 for information about output handling for RACF
commands that execute in the RACF subsystem address space. TSO end users
may receive notification via the TSO SEND command that a password change
request has been processed on their behalf by the command output handling
components of RRSF.
The user who originates the password change is the source user, and the user to
whom the source user directs a password change is the target user.
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RRSF
Messages issued by RRSF are returned as specified on the SET PWSYNC
command.
The password history of the target user is updated with the users old password by
RRSF password synchronization support.
If the RACF database manager is unable to communicate a password change
request to the RACF subsystem address space, message IRR417I is issued to the
operators console via WTO.
Output Capturing
Figure 36 shows captured output from a successful password synchronization
request.
======================================================================
Password synchronization request issued at 15:03:58 on 04/28/98 was
processed at NODE1.TSOUSER on 04/28/98 at 15:04:00
REQUEST ISSUED: From user TSOUSR3 at NODE1 to user TSOUSER at NODE1.
REQUEST OUTPUT:
IRRC013I Password synchronized successfully for TSOUSR3 at NODE1 and
TSOUSER at NODE1.
=====================================================================
Figure 36. Captured Output From a Password Synchronization Request
The RACLINK Command

The RACLINK command is a RACF command that can be used to:
v Define user ID associations between pairs of user IDs
v Approve defined user ID associations
v Establish password synchronization between pairs of user IDs
v Delete pending or approved user ID associations
v View information about user ID associations
The general syntax of the RACLINK command is:
RACLINK ID(userid) DEFINE(node.userid/password) type
APPROVE(node.userid)
UNDEFINE(node.userid)
LIST(node.userid)
The operands you can specify with the RACLINK command are:
Operand
Function
ID(userid)
Specifies one or more user IDs for whom the RACLINK operation is
being performed. If this operand is not specified, the default is the
user ID issuing the command.
DEFINE(node.userid/password)
Associates (links) two user IDs, forming a user ID association.
type
v PEER(NOPWSYNC) (the default)
v PEER(PWSYNC)
v MANAGED
These types of user ID associations are:
v Peer association (with or without password synchronization)
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RRSF
v Managed association (password synchronization is not
permitted).
Command direction is allowed in both types of user ID associations.
In peer associations, command direction is 2-way. In managed
associations, command direction is 1-way, from the managing user
ID to the managed user ID.
The association is considered to be pending until an implicit or
explicit approval of the association is made. While the association is
pending, it cant be used for password synchronization or command
direction.
Explicit approval of the association is needed unless one of the
following is true:
1. The password of the target user ID is specified in the DEFINE
operand
2. You are creating a user ID association and, for both profiles,
one of the following is true:
a. You have SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL authority
b. You have a user ID association with a user who has this
authority
c. You are the owner of the profiles being changed.
Either user in a user ID association can delete the association,
regardless of the type of association established.
Note: The security administrator can enable or disable the use of
the DEFINE operand. See Controlling the Use of the
RACLINK DEFINE Operand on page 267 for more
information.
APPROVE
Indicates approval of a pending user ID association. The

association must be approved by the target of the DEFINE.
UNDEFINE
Deletes a pending or approved user ID association. Either member

of a user ID association can delete the association, regardless of
the type of association established. All associations must be deleted
before a user ID can be deleted.
LIST
Provides the following information about the existing user ID

associations for each of the user IDs specified.
v Association type (peer or managed)
v Password synchronization (yes, no, or not applicable)
v Association status (established or pending).
RACLINK can be issued as an MVS operator command or as a TSO command. It

cannot be used as a directed command. For a complete description of the
RACLINK command, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.
User ID Associations
Using the RACLINK command, you can define, approve, delete, and list user ID
associations.
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RRSF
Defining User ID Associations

You can define these types of user ID associations:
v For your own user ID, with password synchronization
v
v
v
v
For your own user ID, without password synchronization

For other users, with password synchronization
For other users, without password synchronization
Managed user ID associations
Defining User ID Associations For Your Own User ID

To define a user ID association for your own user ID, the syntax of the RACLINK
command is:
RACLINK DEFINE(node.userid/password) type
With Password Synchronization: To define a user ID association with password

synchronization between your two user IDs, WILLIE on MVS01 and WONKA on
MVS03, enter the following command from user ID WILLIE on MVS01:
RACLINK DEFINE(MVS03.WONKA) PEER(PWSYNC)
Without Password Synchronization: To define a user ID association without

password synchronization between your two user IDs, WILLIE on MVS01 and
WONKA on MVS03, enter the following command from user ID WILLIE on MVS01:
RACLINK DEFINE(MVS03.WONKA) PEER(NOPWSYNC)
Defining User ID Associations For Other Users

To define user ID associations for other users, the syntax of the RACLINK
command is:
RACLINK ID(userid) DEFINE(node.userid/password) type
With Password Synchronization: To define a user ID association with password

synchronization between VIOLET on MVS01 and VERUCA on MVS03, enter the
following command on MVS01:
RACLINK ID(VIOLET) DEFINE(MVS03.VERUCA) PEER(PWSYNC)
Without Password Synchronization: To define a user ID association without

password synchronization between VIOLET on MVS01 and VERUCA on MVS03,
enter the following command on MVS01:
RACLINK ID(VIOLET) DEFINE(MVS03.VERUCA) PEER(NOPWSYNC)
Managed User ID Associations

To define a managed user ID association, the syntax of the RACLINK command is:
RACLINK DEFINE(node.userid/password) MANAGED
For example, to define a managed user ID association between VIOLET on MVS01

and VERUCA on MVS03, enter the following command on MVS01:
RACLINK ID(VIOLET) DEFINE(MVS03.VERUCA) MANAGED
Approving User ID Associations

To approve a pending user ID association, the syntax of the RACLINK command is:
RACLINK ID(userid) APPROVE(node.userid)
For example, to approve a pending user ID association between VIOLET on MVS01

RACLINK ID(VIOLET) APPROVE(MVS03.VERUCA)
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RRSF
Deleting User ID Associations

To reject a pending association or to delete an existing association, the syntax of
the RACLINK command is:
RACLINK ID(userid) UNDEFINE(node.userid)
For example, to reject a pending user ID association between VIOLET on MVS01

RACLINK ID(VIOLET) UNDEFINE(MVS03.VERUCA)
Listing User ID Associations

To list user ID associations, the syntax of the RACLINK command is:
RACLINK ID(userid) LIST(node.userid)
The default is RACLINK LIST(*.*).

For example, to see all the associations defined for user ID CHARLIE, you could
issue the following command:
RACLINK ID(CHARLIE) LIST(*.*)
and receive the following output:

ASSOCIATION information for user ID CHARLIE on node MVS01
at 9:27:12 on 04/18/98:
Association
Type
------------
Node.userid
PEER OF
MVS01.VIOLET
YES
ESTABLISHED
PEER OF
MVS03.VERUCA
YES
ESTABLISHED
PEER OF
MVS01.WILLIE
NO
ESTABLISHED
MANAGER OF
MVS03.MIKE
N/A
ESTABLISHED
MANAGER OF
MVS03.AGLOOP
N/A
ESTABLISHED
-----------------
Password Association
Sync
Status
-------- --------------
Figure 37. RACLINK ID(userid) LIST(*.*) Output
Command Direction
Command direction can be used to perform security administration for multiple data
centers from a central site without submitting batch jobs or logging on to the remote
systems when the AT option is specified. Command direction using the AT option is
not usually used when the remote databases are kept synchronized. In that case,
automatic direction is used. Most RACF TSO commands can be manually directed
on the local node or to a remote node within an RRSF network.
Manual command direction extends the users RACF TSO command execution
environment to include any of the RRSF nodes defined as targets of the node the
user is logged on to, provided the user has an associated user ID on the target
node and the associated user ID has the appropriate authority to run the command.
You can enable the use of command direction by creating a profile in the
RRSFDATA class. You can restrict the use of command direction by not creating the
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RRSF
profile (so no one can direct commands) or by creating a profile and restricting
access to it. See Controlling the Use of the AT Operand on page 268 for more
information on restricting the use of the AT option.
Commands That Are Not Eligible for Command Direction

The following commands are not eligible for command direction:
v BLKUPD
v RACDCERT
v RACLINK
v RACF operator commands
v RACF TSO commands, when they are issued as operator commands
Directing Commands Using the AT Option

Once a peer user ID association is established, either user in the association can
use the AT option to direct allowed RACF commands to run under the other users
authority. The commands run in the RACF subsystem address space at the other
users node.
The user specifies as the target node a node in an association and a node the user
is allowed to direct to via RRSFDATA profiles. Commands can be directed only to a
node with which the user has a RACLINK association. In addition, the user must
have access to the DIRECT.nodename profile. If this is not true, the command
cannot be directed unless the commands can be directed to your own ID on the
local node only without any RACLINK association.
The target user ID specified in the AT option becomes the user ID that RRSF uses
to determine if the requested command can be executed. That is, the user ID
effectively becomes the command issuer at the target node and RRSF checks to
see if that user ID has the proper authority to run the requested command.
When the command arrives, RRSF creates a subtask in the RACF subsystem
address space for the specified user ID and performs authority checking while
processing the requested command.
RACF TSO commands that specify command direction run asynchronously, that is,
the command issuer does not wait until the command completes processing, and
the command output is not automatically displayed at the command issuers
terminal. When the command completes processing, the command issuer may
receive a TSO SEND message.
Any command output created via the PUTLINE service is captured by RRSF and
saved in the issuing users RRSFLIST data set.
Directing Commands on the Local Node

If a request specifies that it is to be handled by the local node, it runs in the RACF
subsystem address space on the MVS system the request originates from.
Suppose you are USER2 on NODEC. To make RRSF operating in the RACF
subsystem address space on NODEC process your LISTUSER request and run it
from within the RACF address space, enter:
LISTUSER USER2 AT(NODEC.USER2)
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RRSF
This request makes RRSF start a subtask in the NODEC RACF subsystem address
space for USER2 and invoke the LISTUSER command processor. The output is
captured and put into a data set as described in Capturing Command Output.
If the target user ID on the local node is the same, no user ID association is
needed. You only need a user ID association if the target user ID is different from
the issuers user ID when only one system is involved. Also, you need authority to
the DIRECT.nodename RRSFDATA profile for the local node.
Directing Commands On a Remote Node

If a request specifies that it is to be handled by a remote node, the local node
sends the request to the target node specified by the AT value. The request is
handled by the RRSF at that remote node.
For example, USER1 on NODED could direct a RACF TSO command to run in
either the RACF subsystem address space on NODED under his own user ID
authority, or direct the request to NODEC to run under the authority of USER2
(because USER1 on NODED has an approved user ID association with USER2 on
NODEC.)
The request to have a LISTUSER for USER2 on NODEC issued by USER1 on
NODED would look like:
LISTUSER USER2 AT(NODEC.USER2)
This command causes RRSF on NODED to send the request to NODEC. RRSF
running in the RACF subsystem address space on NODEC creates a subtask for
USER2 in the RACF subsystem address space and runs the LISTUSER command.
The output is captured and sent back to NODED, where RRSF places it into
USER1s RRSFLIST data set, as specified in Capturing Command Output.
Capturing Command Output

When you direct a command, the results are returned to you and are appended to
the bottom of your RRSFLIST user data set. If you do not have a RRSFLIST user
data set, RRSF allocates one and adds the results.
The RRSFLIST user data set name is made up of the users prefix as specified by
the user via the TSO PROFILE command, the user ID, and RRSFLIST. When the
prefix and the user ID are the same, the duplicate qualifier is dropped. Thus, the
data set name would be either prefix.userid.RRSFLIST or userid.RRSFLIST.
You will receive a TSO SEND message when the results are ready for viewing, for
example:
LISTUSER was successful at node NODEC. Output written to USER2.RRSFLIST.
You do not receive a TSO SEND message if you had the TSO PROFILE
NOINTERCOM setting in effect when you directed the command.
Users are responsible for maintaining their own RRSFLIST data sets. If a users
data set becomes full, RRSF uses TSO TRANSMIT to send the command output to
the user. The output begins with a message indicating that the users RRSFLIST
data set was full at the time the output was received.
The contents of the data captured and appended to the RRSFLIST data set varies,
but generally it contains:
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RRSF
v A brief description or summary of the event
v A reproduction, but not necessarily an exact replica, of the command issued.
Command options that are not specified but defaulted by RACF may be included:
security-sensitive data such as passwords or key codes are suppressed.
The command is reproduced up to 255 characters, including the command
options defaulted by RACF, and is truncated at this point. If it is truncated, the
last three characters are replaced by a set of ellipses (...) to indicate that the
remaining letters or options of the command had been omitted.
v The output produced by the command. This output is truncated after 4096 lines.
The following examples show the format of the captured output produced by
commands running in the RACF subsystem address space. The format of the
output shown is the same for both the users RRSFLIST data set, and the
TRANSMIT issued when the users data set is full. Figure 38 shows the format of
captured output for a directed LISTGRP command. Figure 39 shows the format of
captured output for a directed ADDSD command.
========================================================================
LG issued at 07:50:39 on 04/21/98 was processed at MVS03.SMITHJ on
04/21/98 at 07:50:41
COMMAND ISSUED: LG
(SYS1)
COMMAND OUTPUT:
INFORMATION FOR GROUP SYS1
SUPERIOR GROUP=NONE
OWNER=SMITHJ
NO INSTALLATION DATA
NO MODEL DATA SET
TERMUACC
SUBGROUP(S)=SYSCTLG VSAMDSET
USER(S)=
ACCESS=
ACCESS COUNT=
UNIVERSAL ACCESS=
IBMUSER
JOIN
000017
READ
CONNECT ATTRIBUTES=NONE
REVOKE DATE=NONE
RESUME DATE=NONE
=========================================================================
Figure 38. Captured Output from a Directed LISTGRP Command

========================================================================
ADDSD issued at 11:34:29 on 04/21/98 was processed at MVS02.JWS on
04/21/98 at 11:34:31
COMMAND ISSUED: ADDSD
JWS.DEV*
COMMAND OUTPUT:
IRRR008I Command succeeded. There are no messages.
========================================================================
Figure 39. Captured Output from a Directed ADDSD Command
All time stamps shown in the RRSFLIST data set are initially recorded as
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). These time stamps are meant to show the relative
sequence in which the commands were entered and processed. When output or
notify information is written into the RRSFLIST data set, these times are converted
from GMT into local times. The time stamps are as accurate as possible, but they
are not intended to give the exact, precise times of events. In addition, the accuracy
of the time stamps depends on how accurately you have set your system clocks.
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RRSF
Note: RRSF assumes that either all nodes in the RRSF network have their clocks
set to GMT and have appropriate local time offsets in SYS1.PARMLIB, or
that all nodes have their clock set to local time in the same time zone. Any
other configuration will cause errors in the timestamps shown in an
RRSFLIST data set.
Directing Commands Using the ONLYAT Option

The following information pertains only to automatic command direction.
Because automatic command direction provides a facility to keep RACF database
profiles synchronized between RRSF nodes with respect to RACF TSO commands,
there may be a need to fix a situation that has caused the RACF profiles to become
out-of-synch. The ONLYAT option addresses this situation.
The ONLYAT option is restricted to SPECIAL users because it can potentially cause
out-of-synch conditions if used improperly. It is a mechanism to direct RACF TSO
commands to the same or other nodes in the same manner as the AT option,
except that the command is not automatically directed. That is, it runs only on the
node it is directed to. The command is processed in the RACF subsystem address
space under the authority of the specified user ID provided the following
requirements are met:
v Both the command issuer and the target user ID must be SPECIAL.
v If the target user ID is the same as the command issuer (although nodes can be
different), no user ID association is required.
v If the target user ID is different from the command issuer, a user ID association
between command issuer and target user ID is required. (This prevents a
SPECIAL user from unauthorized use of another remote SPECIAL user ID.)
Automatic Direction
Automatic direction is an extension of command direction and password
synchronization that allows some administrative tasks and application updates to be
automated between RRSF nodes. Automatic direction keeps already synchronized
RACF profiles synchronized between two or more remote nodes.
Automatic direction includes:
v Automatic direction of commands, which allows RACF TSO commands that
update the RACF database to be automatically directed to remote nodes in order
to keep profiles synchronized between the nodes. Commands issued with
automatic direction of commands run asynchronously. The results and output
from the commands are returned to specified users (not necessarily the
command issuer).
v Automatic password direction, which keeps already-synchronized RACF user
profiles synchronized between two nodes, with respect to RACF passwords.
v Automatic direction of application updates, which allows updates made by
RACF macros to be propagated to the RACF databases of other systems.
Updates to the RACF database can be made using:
ICHEINTY
RACDEF
RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE
RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT,TYPE=REPLACE
RACXTRT
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RRSF
Automatic direction of application updates allows these changes to be
automatically sent to selected remote nodes. These updates to remote target
nodes take place only after the update has successfully completed on the local
node where it is executing and the macro completes with a return code of 0.
Note: RACF database updates made by the RACDCERT command are
candidates for propagation under the control of automatic direction of
application updates, even though the RACDCERT command itself is not
eligible for automatic command direction. In this case, the individual
updates made by RACDCERT may be successful, and propagated to
other nodes, even though the RACDCERT command as a whole may fail.
The essential elements of automatic direction are:
v Activation and deactivation, which are done with SET command options. See
Preparing to Use Automatic Direction on page 401 and z/OS Security Server
RACF Command Language Reference for more information.
v Controlling which updates get automatically directed to which nodes.
Application updates, password changes, and commands can be controlled by
RRSFDATA profiles.
v Notification of appropriate users of results and output from automatically directed
updates.
An installation must decide who should be notified of results and output from
automatically directed commands, application updates, and passwords. This is
done with the SET command options OUTPUT and NOTIFY. See Output
Processing on page 403 and z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for more information.
Example: Automatic Direction of Commands
Automatic direction of commands works as follows: Suppose NODEA, NODEB, and
NODEC have equivalent profiles in the USER and GROUP classes. All RACF TSO
commands that affect USER and GROUP profiles can be automatically directed
between the nodes. When an ADDUSER command is issued on NODEA, it can be
automatically directed to execute on NODEB and NODEC. When a DELGROUP
command is issued on NODEC, it can be automatically directed to NODEB and
NODEA.
There might also be special situations where automatic direction can be used to
facilitate administrative updates to multiple RACF databases. For example, suppose
a university has a production MVS system and a test MVS system, each with its
own RACF database. At the beginning of each semester, each new student gets a
user ID on each MVS system. By temporarily using automatic direction of
commands, an administrator can enter ADDUSER commands on the production
system and have them automatically directed to the test MVS system.
Example: Automatic Password Direction
Automatic password direction does the following: NODEA, NODEB, and NODEC
have equivalent profiles in the USER class. Password changes can be
automatically directed to RACF user profiles without the need for established
RACLINK PEER PWSYNC associations. When a users password changes on
NODEA, a password synchronization request can be automatically directed to
execute on NODEB and NODEC.
Example: Automatic Direction of Application Updates
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RRSF
Automatic direction of application updates does the following: An installation-written
application that creates profiles in installation-defined class using RACROUTE
REQUEST=DEFINE can execute on NODEA and cause profiles to be created on
NODEB and NODEC as well as NODEA.
Preparing to Use Automatic Direction

1. Check your RACF exits, naming conventions table, templates, and dynamic
parse tables.
If you are keeping profiles synchronized between multiple nodes, the above
items on these nodes should be examined to see if they could cause
out-of-synch conditions. See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers
Guide for more information.
2. Decide which updates to automatically direct and which profiles to keep
synchronized. Updates can be made by command, password changes, and
applications. Decide which ones you want to send to target nodes.
There are many considerations to synchronizing profiles because many profiles
in the RACF database are related in important ways. An installations goal
should be to have RACF updates execute with the same results on each node
(to minimize error conditions and out-of-synch conditions). Here are some
recommendations to help prevent out-of-synch conditions:
a. Use automatic direction to keep USER and GROUP profiles synchronized:
v The same user IDs and groups need to exist on each node, because
updates are automatically directed to the same user IDs.
v The RACF authorities for each user ID authorized to automatically direct
updates on a node should be equivalent to that same user IDs authorities
on each node. This includes user authorities (such as SPECIAL and
CLAUTH) and group authorities (which users are connected to which
groups).
For example, if SYSPROG on NODEA is SPECIAL and automatically
directs commands to SYSPROG on NODEB, SYSPROG on NODEB
should have SPECIAL authority also.
v For automatic direction of commands:
If commands such as PERMIT or other commands that specify a
group name or a user ID as an operand are being kept synchronized,
the specified group names or user IDs must exist on both nodes.
If the CONNECT command is automatically directed, the GROUP
class should be kept synchronized. Otherwise, the automatically
directed CONNECT commands are likely to fail.
v If the USER class is being kept synchronized, it should be noted that the
RACLINK command is not eligible for automatic direction. Because the
RACLINK command adds information to the USER profiles, an installation
should consider whether to manually establish the user ID associations
on each node; otherwise the USER profiles do not remain synchronized.
b. Synchronize profiles by class rather than by command:
v If RDEFINE DASDVOL is automatically directed and RALTER DASDVOL
is not, the DASDVOL profile becomes out-of-synch.
v If ADDSD is automatically directed, but PERMIT DATASET is not, the
DATASET profile becomes out-of-synch.
v If RDEFINE TAPEVOL is automatically directed, but application updates
for the TAPEVOL class are not, the TAPEVOL profiles become
out-of-synch.
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RRSF
c. Keep SETROPTS command settings synchronized:
v This can be done manually (using command direction) if SETROPTS is
issued infrequently.
v Make sure that general resource classes on both nodes are active if
updates are being automatically directed for the class.
d. Considerations for running the IRRRID00 utility:
Because the DELUSER and DELGROUP commands do not automatically
delete access list entries from resource profiles, you can use IRRRID00 to
generate commands to clean up the profiles for a user or group that has
been deleted. If the PERMIT command is being automatically directed, the
user who runs the generated list of commands from IRRRID00 must be
authorized to automatically direct the PERMIT commands. Otherwise, the
resource profiles on the remote system will not be cleaned up.
e. When synchronizing a particular kind of profile between nodes, it is better to
give all users who can update the profiles controlling those profiles the
authority to direct updates automatically. To do this, you can give them
READ authority to the appropriate RRSFDATA profiles, for example.
If there are users who can cause updates to occur locally but cannot direct
them automatically, some updates are not automatically directed, and the
profiles do not remain synchronized. There are special considerations for
automatic direction of application updates for the DATASET class. For these,
see Considerations for the DATASET Class on page 414.
3. Synchronize specified profiles:
v Run IRRRID00 on each RACF database to remove references to user IDs
and group names that no longer exist.
v Synchronize databases. You can do this by manually copying the database
from one system to the other, or by using a tool that can help you
synchronize databases. See Internet sources on page xxvi to find out how
you can get access to this tool.
4. Create AUTODIRECT profiles in the RRSFDATA class as desired to specify
which updates should be automatically directed. Remember to create the
profiles on each node from which automatic direction should occur. For
example, the following commands cause all password updates, commands, and
application updates for the user class to be automatically directed to all remote
nodes:
SETROPTS GENERIC(RRSFDATA) (required if you use generic profiles)
RDEFINE RRSFDATA AUTODIRECT.*.USER.* UACC(READ)
For automatic password direction only, RDEFINE is:

RDEFINE RRSFDATA AUTODIRECT.*.USER.PWSYNC UACC(READ)
Note: The RRSFDATA profile PWSYNC.nodename is not required for using

automatic password direction.
5. Activate the RRSFDATA class on each node, if it has not already been
activated. It is recommended that the class be RACLISTed for performance
reasons. If the class has already been RACLISTed, refresh the profiles. For
example, use one of the following commands:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(RRSFDATA) RACLIST(RRSFDATA)
SETROPTS RACLIST(RRSFDATA) REFRESH
6. Decide who should be notified of the automatic direction results and output.
7. Activate automatic direction when you are ready by issuing the SET command
with the options corresponding to automatic command direction, automatic
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RRSF
password direction, and automatic direction of application updates, with output
and notification options appropriate to your installations needs:
SET AUTODIRECT(...)
SET AUTOPWD(...)
SET AUTOAPPL(...)
Note: IBM recommends the use of a RACF parameter library as specified for
RACF subsystem initialization. The SET command should be in the
default IRROPTxx member of this library so that these options are
reinstated when the subsystem is restarted or the entire system is
reIPLed.
8. At a later date, to temporarily or permanently deactivate one or more automatic
direction functions, issue the SET command with the options corresponding to
automatic command direction, automatic password direction, and automatic
direction of application updates:
SET NOAUTODIRECT
SET NOAUTOPWD
SET NOAUTOAPPL
|
|
See the note in step 7 on page 402 regarding the RACF parameter library.
9. The possibility of failing while attempting to execute a command issued on one
(up-level) system and manually or automatically directed to another (down-level)
system through RACF remote sharing has been present since the introduction
of RACF 2.2. This can occur if the command references a class unknown to the
target system (class descriptor tables are different), if it references a segment or
field unknown to the target system (templates or dynamic parse definition are
different), if it uses a command keyword unknown to the target (dynamic parse
definitions or command processor code is different), or if it specifies a profile or
member name that is unacceptable to the target system (class descriptor tables
have different syntax requirements for profile name length or syntax).
Guideline: Be sure that your class descriptor tables, including dynamic classes,
are compatible across all systems participating in automatic direction.
If an out-of-synchronization condition occurs while using automatic command
direction, a RACF TSO command can be directed with the ONLYAT option to fix
the condition. The command runs on the node specified on the ONLYAT option
and are propagated to any other node. (Note that if the AT keyword is used, the
command can be propagated by automatic command direction to other nodes.)
For information on the ONLYAT option, see Directing Commands Using the
ONLYAT Option on page 399. For a complete list of RACF commands that are
eligible for automatic command direction, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Output Processing
For automatic direction, the installation has many options concerning where the
output and notification information resulting from an RRSF request may be sent.
This flexibility is provided by operands of the SET command. For example, some
installations might choose to notify only one or two administrators when errors are
encountered during automatic direction.
The OUTPUT operand specifies that the output from automatic direction should be
put in the RRSFLIST data set for the specified users. If the output cannot be put in
the RRSFLIST data set for some reason, the output is transmitted to the users. The
output usually contains messages issued during execution, such as informational,
warning, or error messages. After RACF determines the result of execution, it sends
back either a message saying it succeeded or a message giving diagnostic
information.
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RRSF
The NOTIFY operand specifies that TSO SEND commands are issued to the
specified users with the results of automatically directed updates. The information
sent indicates whether the update was successful or unsuccessful, but does not
include other details about the execution.
On both the OUTPUT and NOTIFY operands, you can specify whether the output or
messages should be sent for all or some updates. The ALWAYS option specifies
that results or output from all automatically directed updates are returned to the
specified users. This should be used if the users are interested in the results of
every automatically directed update.
Output includes informational, warning, and error messages. For automatic direction
of commands:
v WARN specifies that results or output from an automatically directed update are
returned to the specified users only when the return code from the update is at
least four. This should be used if the users are interested in those automatically
directed updates that complete with error conditions or warning conditions.
v FAIL specifies that results or output from an automatically directed update be
returned to the specified users only when the return code from the update is at
least 8. This should be used if the users are interested in only those
automatically directed updates which complete with error conditions.
For automatic direction of application updates and passwords:
v WARN and FAIL have the same meaning. Either WARN or FAIL result in returned
output or notification when a directed application update or password fails to
completely take effect on a remote node.
If an automatically directed update error occurs, the RACF profiles become
out-of-synch. An installation should specify at least one person (probably an
administrator who is familiar with required profiles) on the OUTPUT and NOTIFY
options to receive error results and output (FAIL option). If the initial values of
NOOUTPUT and NONOTIFY are used, no one is notified when automatic direction
errors occur. Also, once an update is automatically directed to a remote node, all
output and messages associated with that update are discarded.
For more information and examples on using the SET command to specify options
for automatic direction of updates, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference.
Effects of Using OUTPUT and NOTIFY

After the OUTPUT and NOTIFY operands have been specified on the SET
AUTODIRECT command, they are used in the processing for automatic direction in
the following ways.
Suppose for the examples that the following commands are in effect on NODE1:
SET AUTODIRECT (OUTPUT(WARN(NODE1.ANN)) NOTIFY(FAIL(NODE1.ANN)))
SET AUTOPWD
(OUTPUT(WARN(NODE1.ANN)) NOTIFY(FAIL(NODE1.ANN)))
SET AUTOAPPL
(OUTPUT(WARN(NODE1.ANN)) NOTIFY(FAIL(NODE1.ANN)))
and the following commands are in effect on NODE2:

SET AUTODIRECT (OUTPUT(WARN(NODE2.SAM)) NOTIFY(FAIL(NODE2.SAM)))
SET AUTOPWD
(OUTPUT(WARN(NODE2.SAM)) NOTIFY(FAIL(NODE2.SAM)))
SET AUTOAPPL
(OUTPUT(WARN(NODE2.SAM)) NOTIFY(FAIL(NODE2.SAM)))
1. When an update has been automatically directed to a remote node and

execution is completed, the OUTPUT and NOTIFY settings are used on the
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RRSF
node at which the automatically directed update executes. The OUTPUT and
NOTIFY settings on the node at which the update originally executed are not
relevant.
For example, a user on NODE1 runs an application that performs an update,
and the update is automatically directed to NODE2. On NODE2, the update
runs with a return code of 8. SAM on NODE2 gets a NOTIFY message and the
OUTPUT containing the error messages. Even though the update originally
executed on NODE1, the OUTPUT and NOTIFY settings on NODE2 are used
instead of the OUTPUT and NOTIFY settings on NODE1.
The update has successfully executed on one node and is automatically
directed to another node. The NOTIFY and OUTPUT settings on that second
node determine who is notified of the update completion.
2. When an error occurs while attempting to automatically direct an update to a
remote node, the OUTPUT and NOTIFY settings are used on the node at which
the update originally executes.
For example, a user on NODE1 runs an application that performs an update,
and the update is to be automatically directed to NODE2. As the update is
placed in the OUTMSG workspace data set (which contains work items to be
sent to NODE2), the data set becomes full; therefore, the update is not
automatically directed to NODE2. ANN on NODE1 gets a NOTIFY message and
the OUTPUT containing the error messages.
The update has successfully executed on one node and is to be automatically
directed to another node. An error occurs before the request arrives at the other
node. The NOTIFY and OUTPUT settings on the first node determine who is
notified of the error. This is treated as an error case (like an update which
executed with return code 8), so any user with the FAIL, WARN, or ALWAYS
setting would be notified or would receive output.
Recommendations for Use of OUTPUT and NOTIFY
To make sure that the appropriate users are notified or receive output, specify the
same users on the OUTPUT and NOTIFY operands on the SET command issued
on each node with automatic direction active.
The OUTPUT and NOTIFY lists should include users from at least 2 different
nodes, if possible. This is important in the case of a workspace data set problem.
For example, suppose a command executes successfully on NODE1 but cannot be
sent to NODE2. If all the NOTIFY and OUTPUT users are also on NODE2, it is
possible that RRSF might experience the same problem trying to notify the users as
it experienced trying to send the command. By also specifying a user on NODE1 or
by specifying one local user on each node to get the output, you ensure that RRSF
can find someone to notify.
Output Data Set Names for Automatic Direction

When output from automatic direction is returned to the command issuer (&RACUID
was specified on the OUTPUT operand), the RRSFLIST data set is allocated
exactly as it is for directed commandseither prefix.userid.RRSFLIST or
userid.RRSFLIST. The users prefix is the one in effect at the time the RACF update
was originally issued (as specified by the user via the TSO PROFILE command). It
is recommended that application update output not be sent to &RACUID.
When output from automatic direction is returned to a user other than the issuer,
the output is placed into a data set named either prefix.userid.RRSFLIST or
userid.RRSFLIST. However, the prefix used is taken from the users TSO segment
at the time the output is returned; this prefix is the same as the prefix specified by
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the user via the TSO PROFILE command except if the user is logged on when the
output is received and the user has changed his or her TSO prefix during that logon
session.
If the automatically directed command originated from the operators console (even
if &RACUID is specified on the OUTPUT operand), the TSO prefix is also taken
from the users TSO segment at the time the output is returned. The same is true
for automatic direction of application updates that originate from batch jobs, started
procedures, and other non-TSO environments.
Application update output should not be sent to &RACUID.
Notify Messages for Automatic Direction

The TSO SEND messages for automatic direction are the same messages used for
command direction.
If the NOTIFY operand specifies &RACUID, and the command issuer has the TSO
PROFILE NOINTERCOM setting in effect at the time the command is issued, the
command issuer does not receive a TSO SEND message. This is similar to
processing for a directed command.
For automatic direction of application updates the messages are similar except that
they substitute, for example, Application update has completed successfully...
for Command succeeded.
Sample Output From Automatic Direction

Some sample output from automatic command direction follows:
=========================================================================
ADDUSER issued at 10:42:33 on 4/1/98 was processed at NODE1.LAURIE
on 4/1/98 at 10:43:45
Command was propagated by automatic direction from NODE2.LAURIE
COMMAND ISSUED: ADDUSER (ANDREW) PASSWORD()
NAME(####################) AUTHORITY(USE) NOSPECIAL UACC(NONE)
NOOPERATIONS NOADSP NOGRPACC NOAUDIT
COMMAND OUTPUT:
IRRR008I Command succeeded. There are no messages.
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
RDEFINE issued at 12:33:41 on 4/1/98 was processed at NODE1.LAURIE
on 4/1/98 at 12:35:02
Command was propagated by automatic direction from NODE2.LAURIE
COMMAND ISSUED:
RDEFINE RRSFDATA AUTODIRECT.**
UACC(NONE)
COMMAND OUTPUT:
ICH10102I AUTODIRECT.** ALREADY DEFINED TO CLASS RRSFDATA.
=========================================================================
When errors occur during automatic direction of commands, the command output
appropriately reflects what happened.
If an unexpected error occurred while trying to automatically direct a command to a
remote node, the output may be similar to the following:
=========================================================================
RDEFINE issued at 12:33:41 on 4/1/98 was *not* processed at NODEA.LAURIE
Command was *not* propagated by automatic direction from NODEB.LAURIE
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COMMAND ISSUED:
UACC(NONE)
ERROR INFORMATION:
IRRR016I Command was not sent. Processing code is 502.
=========================================================================
If an unexpected error occurs after an automatically directed command arrives at a

remote node, the output may look as follows:
=========================================================================
RDEFINE issued at 12:33:41 on 4/1/98 was *not* processed at NODEA.LAURIE
Command was propagated by automatic direction from NODEB.LAURIE
COMMAND ISSUED:
UACC(NONE)
ERROR INFORMATION:
IRRC010I UNABLE TO ESTABLISH RACF ENVIRONMENT FOR COMMAND RDEFINE.
IRRC012I TARGET USER ID NODEA.LAURIE DOES NOT EXIST.
=========================================================================
All time stamps shown in the RRSFLIST data set are initially recorded as
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). These time stamps are meant to show the relative
sequence in which the commands were entered and processed. When output or
notify information is written into the RRSFLIST data set, these times are converted
from GMT into local times. The time stamps are as accurate as possible, but they
are not intended to give the exact, precise times of events. In addition, the accuracy
of the time stamps depends on how accurately you have set your system clocks.
Note: RRSF assumes that either all nodes in the RRSF network have their clocks
set to GMT and have appropriate local time offsets in SYS1.PARMLIB, or
that all nodes have their clock set to local time in the same time zone. Any
other configuration will cause errors in the timestamps shown in an
RRSFLIST data set.
Some sample output from automatic direction of application updates follows.
Sample output for a successful RACDEF request:
=========================================================================
Application update request issued at 15:42:33 on 4/1/98
was processed at NODE2.RACFU01
on 4/1/98 at 15:43:45
Request was propagated by automatic direction from NODE1.RACFU01
REQUEST ISSUED: RACDEF TYPE=DEFINE, NEWNAME FROM NODE1.RACFU01
REQUEST OUTPUT:
IRRR101I Application update request completed successfully
for class DATASET, profile name MYNEW.PROFILE.
=========================================================================
Note: NEWNAME is for DATASET or FILE class only (RENAMES).

Sample output for a successful ICHEINTY request:
=========================================================================
on 4/11/98 at 15:53:45
REQUEST ISSUED: ICHEINTY ALTER operation from NODE1.RACFU01
REQUEST OUTPUT:
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for class $MYCLASS, profile name MYNEW.PROFILE.
=========================================================================
Sample output for a successful RACROUTE request:

=========================================================================
on 4/13/98 at 15:53:45
REQUEST ISSUED: RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT from NODE1.RACFU01
REQUEST OUTPUT:
for class $MYCLASS, profile name MYNEW.PROFILE.
=========================================================================
If a request is unsuccessful or if an abend occurs because of the status of the

RACF database on the target, one of three messages is issued:
v IRRR102I if the request type was an ICHEINTY or RACDEF or RACXTRT
v IRRR103I if the request type was a RACROUTE
v IRRR104I if an abend occurred processing a RACROUTE, ICHEINTY, RACDEF,
or RACXTRT.
Password synchronization requests initiated by automatic password direction return
the following output:
========================================================================
Password synchronization request issued at 15:03:58 on 04/18/98 was
processed at NODE2.TSOUSER on 04/18/98 at 15:04:00
Request was propagated by automatic direction from NODE1.TSOUSER
REQUEST ISSUED: From user TSOUSER at NODE1
REQUEST OUTPUT:
IRRC013I Password synchronized successfully for TSOUSER at NODE2 and
TSOUSER at NODE1.
========================================================================
The general output format of error messages is the same.

Synchronization
Each of the automatic direction functions is controlled independently of the other
two. Details of these types of interactions follow:
v Between automatic direction of commands and automatic direction of application
updates
v Between automatic password direction and automatic direction of application
updates
v Among password synchronization, automatic direction of commands, and
automatic password direction
Interaction between Automatic Direction of Commands and

Automatic Direction of Application Updates
These two automatic directions work independently of each other. If automatic
direction of commands is active and automatic direction of application updates is
not active, only RACF command updates are propagated to remote nodes. If
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automatic direction of application updates is active and automatic direction of
commands is not active, only application updates are propagated to remote nodes.
If both automatic direction of application updates and automatic direction of
commands are active, application updates and commands are propagated to
remote nodes.
Interaction between Automatic Password Direction and

Automatic Direction of Application Updates
Automatic password direction propagates user password updates. Automatic
direction of application updates does not propagate user password updates. If
updates to non-password-related fields are made with the same ICHEINTY macro
execution that updates the password, the propagation of the non-password-related
fields is controlled by automatic direction of application updates.
A single ICHEINTY macro TYPE=USR with ACTIONS= that specifies both password
and non-password user information will result in the propagation of two requests to
the target node: one request (to define the user) is propagated by automatic
direction of application updates, and the other (to specify password information for
the same user) is propagated by automatic password direction. Requests
propagated by automatic direction of application updates execute at the target node
using the authority of the user ID associated with the application that issued the
ICHEINTY to define the user. Requests propagated by automatic password
direction execute at the target node using the authority of the user whose password
information is to be changed. Because these two requests execute using the
authority of different user IDs, they can execute concurrently with unpredictable
results.
Unpredictable results may occur with propagation of password and non-password
user information through any combination of ICHEINTY macro executions, such as
a program executing a single ICHEINTY, or multiple ICHEINTY executions within
the same or different programs. For this reason, the recommended methods for
defining RACF users are:
1. Execute the ADDUSER command
2. Invoke the R_admin callable service from an application program
Automatic password direction may be used to propagate a password update for a
user only when that user is defined to RACF on both the source and target nodes.
Interaction among Password Synchronization, Automatic

Direction of Commands, and Automatic Password Direction
Password synchronization, automatic direction of commands, and automatic
password direction can be active at the same time. These functions interact as
follows:
v When a password change is made at logon:
Password synchronization sends the password change to users with approved
PEER PWSYNC associations, if the user changing the password is authorized
to the PWSYNC profile in the RRSFDATA general resource class.
If automatic password direction is enabled on the system, and the user who
changed the password is authorized to one or more profiles, the password
change is automatically directed to the same user IDs on the nodes defined
by the RRSFDATA profiles that protect AUTODIRECT.targetnode.USER.PWSYNC.
v A password changed by the PASSWORD command is not directed by automatic
password direction. It is directed by automatic direction of commands based on
RRSFDATA profile setup. Also, if the user is authorized to the PWSYNC profile in
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the RRSFDATA class, the password changes are sent to users with approved
PEER PWSYNC associations with the user whose password has been changed.
v Password synchronization and automatic password direction do not handle
password updates initiated by the ADDUSER command. Users who participate in
password synchronization must be initially defined to RACF before automatic
direction can occur. The ADDUSER command can be directed by automatic
direction of commands based on RRSFDATA profile setup.
v The ALTUSER and PASSWORD commands must be automatically directed to
maintain the synchronization of user passwords for the same user IDs across
RRSF nodes. The automatic direction of commands RRSFDATA profiles that
protect AUTODIRECT.node.USER.ALTUSER and
AUTODIRECT.node.USER.PASSWORD control this automatic direction. The
RRSFDATA profile that protects automatic password direction
(AUTODIRECT.node.USER.PWSYNC) is not checked for the automatic direction
of the ALTUSER and PASSWORD commands.
v A password change by other methods, such as at logon or by an
installation-written application, is not directed by automatic direction of
commands. These password changes are sent to users with the same name if
automatic password direction is in effect. Also, if the user is authorized to the
PWSYNC profile in the RRSFDATA class, the password changes are sent to
users with approved PEER PWSYNC associations with the user whose password
has been changed.
Using Automatic Direction of Commands

Automatic direction of commands has unique features. These are listed below.
Commands Not Eligible for Automatic Direction of Commands

In general, commands that are ineligible for command direction are also ineligible
for automatic direction of commands. Also, commands that do not update the RACF
database are ineligible for automatic direction of commands. The following
commands are not eligible for automatic direction of commands:
BLKUPD
DISPLAY
LISTDSD
LISTGRP
LISTUSER
RACDCERT
RACLINK
RESTART
RLIST
RVARY
SEARCH
SET
SETROPTS LIST (with no other operands specified)
SIGNOFF
STOP
TARGET
RACF commands can be automatically directed when they are issued in any way
except from the RACF parameter library. For example, if they are issued from a
TSO session, from a batch job, or even as MVS operator commands, they are still
eligible for automatic direction of commands.
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How Automatic Direction of Commands Works

Automatic direction of commands:
v Can take place only if SET AUTODIRECT has been used to activate it.
v Does not use or require user ID associations.
v Requires proper authority as defined in the RRSFDATA class.
v Begins after a command has successfully completed with a return code that is
less than 8.
v Is relative to where a command runs, as opposed to where it originated.
v Only occurs from the node where the command originally runs. Although a
command can be automatically directed to multiple nodes, it is not directed or
propagated beyond those nodes.
Automatic command direction is activated using the SET command and the
AUTODIRECT operand to specify output options. See z/OS Security Server RACF
Command Language Reference for more information about the SET AUTODIRECT
command.
When automatic command direction is active, and a command runs successfully
(with a return code that is less than 8), the command becomes a candidate for
automatic direction. Before it is automatically directed to any other nodes,
authorization checks are made against profiles in the RRSFDATA class. The
authorization checks determine whether the command should be automatically
directed, and which nodes it should be directed to.
Automatic Command Direction Authorization Checks

The following example illustrates how automatic direction of commands works:
1. Suppose:
v NODE1, NODE2, and NODE3 are RRSF nodes that are operative targets of
each other.
v NODE2 and NODE3 have automatic command direction activated between
them with the following RRSFDATA class profiles:
On NODE2: AUTODIRECT.NODE3.* with UACC(READ)
v CHARLIE2 exists on NODE2 and NODE3, but with no user ID association
between nodes.
2. CHARLIE2 on NODE2 issues the following command:
ADDUSER PREMA
3. On NODE2, the ADDUSER PREMA command runs under the authority of

CHARLIE2.
4. After the ADDUSER PREMA command runs successfully (under the authority of
CHARLIE2 at NODE2), it is automatically directed to NODE3.CHARLIE2.
5. At NODE3, the ADDUSER PREMA command runs under the authority of
CHARLIE2.
Notes:
1. The ADDUSER PREMA command is not automatically directed to
NODE1.CHARLIE2 because there is no profile protecting the resource
AUTODIRECT.NODE1.USER.ADDUSER.
2. The destination of notification and output from the ADDUSER PREMA command
that ran on NODE3 is determined by what was specified on SET AUTODIRECT
command issued on NODE3.
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RRSF
3. Once the ADDUSER PREMA command runs on NODE3, it is not automatically
directed back to NODE2. RACF detects that the command was already
automatically directed, and does not further send it to any other nodes.
The AT Option and Automatic Command Direction

The AT option is used to explicitly direct a command to a user ID on a particular
RRSF node. Although explicit command direction using the AT option and automatic
command direction are two distinct forms of command direction, they can both
occur when a command is issued within an RRSF network, as shown in the
following examples.
1. Suppose:
v NODE1, NODE2, and NODE3 are RRSF nodes that are operative targets of
each other.
v NODE2 and NODE3 have automatic command direction activated between
them with the following RRSFDATA class profiles:
v CHARLIE1 on NODE1 has a peer user ID association with CHARLIE2 on
NODE2.
v CHARLIE2 exists on NODE2 and NODE3, but with no user ID association
between nodes.
2. CHARLIE1 on NODE1 issues the following command:
ADDUSER PREMA AT(NODE2.CHARLIE2)
3. Because the AT option was specified, the command is explicitly directed to

NODE2.CHARLIE2.
4. At NODE2, the ADDUSER PREMA command runs under the authority of
CHARLIE2.
5. After the ADDUSER PREMA command runs successfully (under the authority of
CHARLIE2 at NODE2), it is automatically directed to NODE3.CHARLIE2.
Notes:
1. The ADDUSER PREMA command does not run on NODE1.
2. NODE1.CHARLIE1 receives output via the RRSFLIST data set for the
ADDUSER PREMA command that ran on NODE2.
3. The destination of notification and output from the ADDUSER PREMA command
that ran on NODE3 is determined by what was specified on SET AUTODIRECT
command issued on NODE3.
Summary of Rules for Automatic Direction of Commands

Here is the processing flow of checks that are made to determine whether or not a
command should be automatically directed:
1. When a command is issued:
v If AT is not specified, the command runs on the local node in the users
address space.
v If AT is specified, the command runs in the RACF subsystem address space
of the specified local or remote node.
v If appropriate, automatic direction of commands occurs from the node where
the command executed.
2. The command is not automatically directed if any of these is true:
a. Automatic direction of commands is inactive.
b. The command return code is greater than 4.
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c. The command has already been automatically directed.
d. The command is ineligible for automatic direction of commands. See Using
Automatic Direction of Commands on page 410 for more information.
e. The RRSFDATA class is INACTIVE.
f. The RRSFDATA class is ACTIVE and an AUTODIRECT profile covering that
command does not exist.
3. For each remote target node, the following occurs:
a. If the command issuer does not have at least READ authorization to
RRSFDATA profile AUTODIRECT.target-node.classname.command-name,
the command is not automatically directed to this node
b. If the command has passed all checks so far, it is sent to execute on the
remote node under the authority of the same-named user ID on the remote
node. The user ID is the user ID under which the command executed, which
is not necessarily the command issuer (if the command was directed and
then automatically directed, for example).
For example, a command issued by and executed on LAURIE at NODE1 is
automatically directed to LAURIE at NODE2. A command issued by LAURIE
specifying AT(NODE2.ANDREW) is automatically directed to ANDREW at
NODE1. No authorization check with the AUTODIRECT profiles is made on
the receiving node.
Using Automatic Direction of Application Updates

See Controlling Automatic Direction of Passwords on page 271 for information
about the profiles needed for automatic direction of application updates.
Summary of Rules for Automatic Direction of Application

Updates
1. When automatic direction of application updates is active, RACF automatically
directs selected application updates made by the following commands and
macros to selected remote nodes:
v ICHEINTY ADD, ALTER, DELETE, DELETEA, and RENAME requests
v The RACDCERT command
v RACDEF
v RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE
v RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT,TYPE=REPLACE
v RACXTRT specifying TYPE=REPLACE
2. If profiles on two or more RRSF nodes are already synchronized, you can use
automatic direction of application updates to keep the profiles synchronized
with respect to application updates.
3. RACF directs an application update only after the update has successfully
completed on the node where the application is executing.
4. Not all RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE and RACDEF requests update the
RACF database, and RACF does not automatically direct requests that do not
update the database. RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE and RACDEF are not
automatically directed if:
v ENVIR=VERIFY is specified
v RACFIND=NO is specified and DSTYPE=T is not specified
5. RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY and RACINIT update the RACF database by
issuing ICHEINTY macros. RACF automatically directs the following ICHEINTY
requests made by RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY and RACINIT:
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6.
7.
8.
9.
v The ICHEINTY setting the revoke flag in the user profile when a user is
being revoked due to inactivity or password attempts that are not valid
v The ICHEINTY that increments the revoke count when a user enters a
password that is not valid
v The ICHEINTY that resets the revoke count to 0 when a user enters a valid
password, if the revoke count for the user was nonzero before the update
was made
Automatic direction of the ICHEINTY that RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY
issues to change the password in the users profile is controlled by automatic
password direction, and not by automatic direction of application updates.
When a RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE, or a RACDEF, issues an
ICHEINTY, RACF does not direct the ICHEINTY separately.
Automatic command direction determines whether a RACF command is
directed. If a command issues a RACROUTE or ICHEINTY, that RACROUTE
or ICHEINTY is not directed by automatic direction of application updates.
Use the AUTOAPPL and NOAUTOAPPL options on the RACF SET command
to activate and deactivate automatic direction of application updates. Use the
OUTPUT and NOTIFY values of SET AUTOAPPL to specify which users will
be notified of results and receive output from automatically directed application
updates.
10. Profiles in the RRSFDATA class control which application updates are
automatically directed to which nodes.
Considerations for the DATASET Class

Because discrete DATASET profiles are closely tied to the data set they protect and
DATASET profiles for tape data sets are closely tied to profiles in the TAPEVOL
class, the following are important:
v If a discrete profile is created without turning on the RACF indicator bit for the
data set in the VTOC or catalog entry, the profile is not found during authority
checking.
v If a discrete data set profile is renamed and the data set itself is not renamed,
the discrete profile no longer is used for data set protection.
v If a discrete data set profile is deleted and the data set itself is not deleted, its
protection is likely to be changed to an existing generic profile.
v Because RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE and RACDEF only manipulate the
RACF profiles and do not modify the data set itself or its RACF indicator bit, it is
not desirable to propagate these changes to a remote system.
Because these changes are controlled by the AUTODASD and AUTOTAPE profiles,
it is not necessary to turn off propagation of
AUTODIRECT.node.DATASET.APPL
unless your own applications require this.

Neither application update requests nor application update output can be sent to a
node running RACF 2.2. The output is lost, and the attempts degrade performance.
This includes the output to the RRSFLIST data set and the TSO sends (notify).
Message IRRR119I indicates an incorrect attempt to send information to a system
unable to receive it.
RRSF Considerations for Digital Certificates

Updates can be made to digital certificate information in the RACF database by the
RACDCERT, RDEFINE, RALTER and RDELETE commands, and by applications
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RRSF
that invoke the R_datalib and initACEE callable services. These updates can affect
profiles in DIGTCERT, DIGTCRIT, DIGTNMAP, DIGTRING and USER classes.
Since these updates are eligible for automatic direction, you must ensure consistent
propagation across these classes.
Propagation of Command and Application Updates: To ensure RACF database
updates are propagated in a consistent manner across the DIGTCERT, DIGTCRIT,
DIGTNMAP, DIGTRING and USER classes, you should create a single RRSFDATA
profile called AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGT*, or you should ensure that the access
lists for the RRSFDATA resources shown in Table 30 are kept identical:
Table 30. RRSFDATA Resources Used to Control Propagation of Digital Information
Type of automatic direction
RRSFDATA resource
Automatic direction of
application updates
AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGTCERT.APPL
AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGTNMAP.APPL
AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGTRING.APPL
Automatic direction of
commands
AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGTCRIT.command-name
Note: The best way to ensure that RACF database updates are propagated consistently is to
define a single profile called AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGT* to control all the RRSFDATA
resources shown above.
To facilitate consistency, when updates are made in the USER class that pertain to
digital certificates, the RRSFDATA resource AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGTCERT.APPL
is used to determine the authority to propagate. This resource should be protected
by the AUTODIRECT.target-node.DIGT* resource profile. Note that the
AUTODIRECT.target-node.USER.APPL resource is not checked to determine authority
to propagate USER-class updates that are made as a result of processing digital
certificates.
Suppression of Private Key Information Propagation

When automatic direction of application updates is enabled, RACF database
changes affecting certificate information can be propagated to other systems.
However, the private key information about certificates contained in the following
fields of general resource profiles in DIGTCERT class is not propagated:
CERTPRVK
Private key
CERTPRVS
Private key size
CERTPRVT
Private key type
RACF does not store the private key associated with a certificate. Instead, RACF
stores the Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) key token. The private
key itself is stored in the ICSF public key data set (PKDS) and is encrypted under
the master key of the system. Since the automatic direction of application updates
propagates information to remote systems that are likely to have different public key
data sets and different master keys, private key information from the originating
node is unusable.
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Using Automatic Password Direction

When PEER PWSYNC changes a password, the change is not propagated to other
nodes by automatic password direction. However, when automatic password
direction changes a password, that change results in PEER PWSYNC changing the
password on all of the user IDs that have the proper association and profile access.
Automatic password direction and PWSYNC work best together when peer
associations exist only with other user IDs on the local system and the same set of
user IDs are associated with each other on each other system. For example,
NODE1.JOE1 and NODE1.JOE2 have peer PWSYNC and NODE2.JOE1 and
NODE2.JOE2 have peer PWSYNC with each other (but not with Joes user IDs on
node1). When Joe changes his password on NODE1.JOE1, peer PWSYNC carries
it on to JOE2. This keeps both network traffic and complexity of associations to a
minimum, while keeping all of Joes passwords the same.
If you are using automatic password direction between same named users on your
system and another RRSF node, do not establish PEER PWSYNC user
associations between the same user IDs across RRSF systems that use automatic
password direction. Doing so would result in duplication of password
synchronization requests.
Relationship to User ID Associations

No user ID associations are required for automatic password direction. If user ID
associations are present, passwords are synchronized for the users with approved
PEER PWSYNC associations to the user who initiated the password change.
PWSYNC associations can be used in environments with automatic password
direction. In this environment, the passwords of users who have PEER PWSYNC
associations with the originator of the password change are synchronized with the
originators password. Automatic password direction only synchronizes passwords
between the same user IDs on multiple RRSF nodes.
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RRSF Considerations for JES Security
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RRSF functions may be invoked by a batch job. For instance, RACF TSO
commands that are subject to automatic command direction may be issued from
within a batch job. If your JES security approach uses the &RACLNDE profile in the
RACFVARS class, all JES nodes (not RRSF nodes) that you wish to be treated as
local nodes must be defined as members in the &RACLNDE profile. For an example,
see Defining Nodes as Local Input Sources on page 499.
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You must define the JES node where the batch job is submitted as a member of
&RACLNDE because there are no default members in this profile. If you do not define
the submitting JES node as a member of &RACLNDE, the RRSF authority check for
the function invoked by the job, such as the authority check for the RRSFDATA
profile protecting the propagation of the issued command, may fail and prevent the
command from being propagated to remote RRSF nodes.
RRSF Considerations for Network Authentication Service

If your installation has implemented automatic direction and you wish to define
multiple realms, you should review your current RRSF implementation in view of
these important considerations:
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1. The KERB segment of the RACF user profile defines a user as a local principal.
If KERB segment information is directed to a remote RRSF node, users will be
defined as local principals on all Network Authentication Service servers that
share that RACF database.
2. RACF does not distinguish between user passwords and passwords assigned to
local principals for key generation. If user passwords are synchronized with a
remote RRSF node, keys will be generated for those users on the remote node
and they will be recognized as local principals by all Network Authentication
Service servers that share that RACF database.
3. REALM class profiles define information about local and foreign realms. If these
profiles are propagated to a remote RRSF node, all Network Authentication
Service servers that share that RACF database will have duplicate local and
foreign realm definitions.
4. KERBLINK class profiles define the mapping of foreign principals to local RACF
user IDs. If these profiles are propagated to a remote RRSF node, all Network
Authentication Service servers that share that RACF database will attempt to
map those foreign principals to the same RACF user IDs.
See Chapter 22, RACF and z/OS Security Server Network Authentication Service,
on page 603 for more information.
Synchronizing Database Profiles

You can use automatic direction to maintain synchronization of RACF database
profiles that are already synchronized, but you must synchronize the profiles before
you activate RRSF functions. You can do this synchronization manually, but it can
be a time-consuming process. You can also run IRRDBU00 against the databases
you want to synchronize, and use a program or REXX EXEC to compare the
IRRDBU00 output for the databases and generate the commands needed to
synchronize them. IBM provides a sample REXX EXEC, DBSYNC, to help you do
this. IBM does not support the DBSYNC EXEC. For information on how to get this
tool and others from the RACF home page or via anonymous FTP, see Internet
sources on page xxvi.
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Chapter 13. Controlling Access to DB2 Objects

RACF Support for DB2 Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuring the RACF DB2 External Security Module . . . . . .
Migrating to the RACF DB2 External Security Module . . . . . .
RACF Profile Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Matching Schema Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting DB2 Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classification Model 1: Single-Subsystem Scope . . . . . .
Classification Model 2: Multiple-Subsystem Scope (Default) . .
DB2 Object Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resource Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Object Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Privilege Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Administrative Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classification Model 1: Single-Subsystem Scope . . . . . .
Classification Model 2: Multiple-Subsystem Scope (Default) . .
Resource Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Administrative Authorities and Object Names . . . . .
Installation-Defined Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Data Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUBLIC* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implicit Privileges of Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DROP and ALTER INDEX Privileges . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATETMTAB Privilege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATE VIEW Privilege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Any Table Privilege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Any Schema Privilege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UPDATE and REFERENCES Authorization on DB2 Table Columns
The XAPLDIAG Output Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Aliases for System-Directed Access . . . . . . . . . .
Considerations for Remote and Local Resources . . . . . . .
DB2 GRANT commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Object Names With Blank Characters . . . . . . . . .
DB2 Object Names With Special Characters . . . . . . . .
Authority Checking for All Packages in a Collection . . . . . .
AUTOBIND Requests for User-Defined Functions. . . . . . .
Identity Used for Authorization Checks . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering the RACF External Security Module . . . . . . .
Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Failure to Initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Return Codes and Reason Codes From Initialization . . . .
Deferring to Native DB2 Authorization . . . . . . . . . .
Removing the RACF External Security Module . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking (XAPLFUNC = 2). . . . . . . . . .
Return and Reason Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FASTAUTH Return Code Translation . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization processing examples . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 1: Allowing access (auditing for failures) . . . . . . .
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profile checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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DB2
Example 2: Allowing access (auditing for all attempts) .
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profile checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 3: Denying access. . . . . . . . . . .
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 4: Deferring to DB2 . . . . . . . . . .
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 6: Allowing access (single-subsystem scope) .
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Converting DB2 Authorizations to RACF Profiles . . . .
Common Problems and Considerations . . . . . . .
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This chapter provides details about using RACF to provide security for DB2 objects.
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Restriction
This chapter contains information about the RACF external security module for
installations using RACF with DB2 Version 7, or earlier.
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Information about the RACF external security module for installations using
RACF with DB2 for z/OS Version 8, and higher, is found in DB2 RACF
Access Control Module Guide, SC18-7433.
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For information about implementing DB2 in a multilevel-secure environment,

see z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria,
GA22-7509.
Additional reading for DB2 Version 7 and earlier: Before you read this chapter,
you should have a basic understanding of DB2, DB2 security concepts, and
configuring the RACF external security module. For information about:
v DB2 and DB2 security concepts, see the appropriate DB2 publication for your
installationfor example:
DB2 for MVS/ESA Version 4 Administration Guide, SC26-3265
DB2 for OS/390 Version 5 Administration Guide, SC26-8957
DB2 Universal Database for OS/390 Version 6 Administration Guide,
SC26-9003
DB2 Universal Database for OS/390 and z/OS Version 7 Administration
Guide, SC26-9931
v Configuring the RACF external security module with DB2 Version 7 and earlier,
see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
420
DB2
RACF Support for DB2 Authorization

RACF support for DB2 authorization includes the following:
v The RACF external security module, which is provided as a sample assembler
language routine and is shipped as SYS1.SAMPLIB(IRR@XACS). This sample
program is intended to be invoked as the DB2 access control authorization exit
and is a replacement for the default routine shipped with DB2. See z/OS Security
Server RACF System Programmers Guide for more information on installing the
RACF external security module.
v A set of general resource classes provided in the supplied class descriptor table,
ICHRRCDX, to be used by the RACF external security module (when
customization options contain default values).
See Supplied resource classes for z/OS and OS/390 systems on page 639 for
more information.
Notes:
1. This chapter refers to various fields in two parameter lists that are passed to the
RACF external security module: EXPL (DSNDEXPL) and XAPL (DSNDXAPL).
The EXPL is DB2s general exit parameter list and XAPL is the parameter list
specific to the authorization exit. For more information, see the DB2
Administration Guide.
2. For DB2 data sharing, the DB2 group attachment name is used in place of the
DB2 subsystem name.
Configuring the RACF DB2 External Security Module

The steps for configuring the RACF DB2 external security module include the
following:
1. With the system programmer and the DB2 database administrator, choose the
customization options.
See the z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for details.
2. Optionally, the system programmer sets the customization options.
3. Optionally, the system programmer defines general resource classes.
4. Choose which DB2 objects will be protected by the RACF external security
module.
See Migrating to the RACF DB2 External Security Module on page 422 for
details.
5. Define profiles for the DB2 objects that will be protected by the RACF external
security module.
See Protecting DB2 Objects on page 423 for details.
6. Defines profiles for the DB2 administrative authorities.
See DB2 Administrative Authorities on page 427 for details.
7. Activate the general resource classes for the DB2 objects you have chosen to
protect.
See Initialization on page 436 for details.
8. The system programmer assembles and link-edits the RACF external security
module.
9. The DB2 database administrator restarts the DB2 subsystem.
421
DB2
See the DB2 Administration Guide for details.
Migrating to the RACF DB2 External Security Module

When migrating from DB2 internal security to the RACF external security module,
you do not need to migrate protection of all DB2 objects at once. You can begin
using the RACF external security module before defining profiles to protect all DB2
object types. Consider adding the WARNING option of RDEFINE and RALTER
commands when you protect DB2 objects. The use of warnings might ease your
migration by allowing you see ICH408I messages that identify profiles that would
fail a request.
Note: If the WARN option is added to a resource that is requested by a user with a
DB2 administrative authority, such as SYSADM, DBADM or in some cases,
SYSCTRL, that normally allows the user to access the object, the user can
ignore the WARNING message.
For example, suppose only the set of RACF profiles to protect DB2 tables has been
defined and the classes for all other object types have not been made active. In this
case, the RACF external security module performs profile checking for DB2 tables,
views, and indexes and it defers to DB2 for authority checking of other object types,
such as plans, packages, and databases.
Guideline: All DB2 administrative authorities should be defined with UACC(NONE)
before you activate the RACF external security module. You can then selectively
authorize specific users at a higher level by executing the PERMIT command.
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RACF Profile Checking

Each DB2 command, utility, and Structure Query Language (SQL) statement is
associated with a set of sufficient privileges, authorities, or both.
Authority checking performed by the RACF external security module simulates DB2
authority checking:
v DB2 object types map to object class names in RACF
v DB2 privileges map to object profile names in RACF
v DB2 authorities map to administrative authority class and profile names in RACF
v DB2 security rules map to profile checking in RACF
The RACF external security module checks the RACF profiles corresponding to that
set of privileges and authorities.
See Special Considerations on page 431 and Appendix D, RACF External
Security Module: Authorization Checking, on page 675 for more information.
Matching Schema Names

Certain privileges associated with schema objects (such as user-defined functions,
user-defined distinct types, and stored procedures), can be granted if the user
identity matches the schema name. The schema name is a short SQL identifier
used as a qualifier in the name of schema objects and creates a logical grouping of
these objects. It is often, but not always, an DB2 authorization ID. For applicable
privileges, RACF external security module will look for a match on schema name
before checking RACF profiles.
422
DB2
For authorization checking of the CREATEIN schema privilege, the RACF external
security module first checks to see if the user identity in field XAPLUCHK matches
the schema name in XAPLOBJN. If those two fields are equal, the RACF external
security module allows the access. For all other schema privileges, the RACF
external security module first checks to see if the user identity in XAPLUCHK
matches the schema name in XAPLOWNQ. If those two fields are equal, the RACF
external security module allows the access. In each case, when the RACF external
security module allows access, it returns a return code 0 in EXPLRC1 and reason
code 14 in EXPLRC2, and no further checking occurs. If the RACF external security
module does not allow the access, profile checking occurs. See Appendix D, RACF
External Security Module: Authorization Checking, on page 675 for details.
Restriction: On multilevel-secure systems with RACF SETROPTS MLS option
active, the schema match check is not performed.
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Protecting DB2 Objects

The resources that apply to a particular invocation of the RACF external security
module depend on the input object type (XAPLTYPE) and the privilege being
checked (XAPLPRIV). The object types and their associated privileges are shown in
Appendix D, RACF External Security Module: Authorization Checking, on page
675. See DB2 Administration Guide to find the numeric XAPLPRIV values (used by
the RACF external security module) that correspond to the privilege names.
The general resource class and profile names used by the RACF external security
module to protect DB2 objects depend on the options specified by these assembler
SET symbols:
SET symbol
Default value
Description
&CLASSOPT
Specifies the classification model to be used
&CLASSNMT
DSN
Specifies the class name root to be used
&CHAROPT
Specifies the class name suffix to be used
The &CLASSOPT, &CLASSNMT, and &CHAROPT options specify the format of the
class names and resource profile names used by the RACF external security
module. These options are global for each DB2 subsystem, and must be the same
for all classes. Each instance of the RACF external security module can only be set
up to process one classification model or the other, but not both. See z/OS Security
Server RACF System Programmers Guide for more information.
If your installation is using the default values for these options, you can use the
classes in the supplied class descriptor table (ICHRRCDX). Additional classes do
not need to be defined.
Security administrators need to define the correct profiles according to which
options are being set in the RACF external security module.
Class Names
In the supplied class descriptor table (ICHRRCDX), two classes are defined for
each DB2 object type (except the DB2 view object type), so that each object type
has an associated member class and an associated grouping class. Table 31 on
page 426 lists the supported DB2 objects and class abbreviations.
423
DB2
Installations defining their own classes can also define two classes for each object
type if member and grouping classes are desired. If only one class is defined for
each object type, the class name must begin with M (not G).
The actual format of the class names of DB2 objects depends on the classification
model being used.
Note: An additional class can be defined to support DB2 administrative authorities.
See section DB2 Administrative Authorities on page 427.
System programmers can alter the &CLASSOPT field of the modifiable assembler
source statement in the RACF external security module to select the classification
model their installation will use:
Classification model (&CLASSOPT value)
Scope
Single-subsystem scope
Multiple-subsystem scope
Note: This is the default.
Once a classification model is selected, the system programmer can use the
&CHAROPT and &CLASSNMT SET symbols to alter the default naming
conventions for the general resource classes. The naming conventions for the
resource profile names are defined in Resource Names on page 426.
Classification Model 1: Single-Subsystem Scope

When this model is selected, the RACF external security module places the DB2
subsystem name in the class name. Class names have this format:
ayyyyxxz
where:
a
Is M for member class or G for grouping class
yyyy
Is the DB2 subsystem name or, if data sharing, the DB2 group attachment
name (from XAPLGPAT)
xx
Is the type of DB2 object (see Table 31 on page 426 for valid values)
Is the &CHAROPT value (the default is 1)
The resource profile names do not contain the subsystem name.

Installations using single-subsystem scope cannot use the classes provided in the
supplied class descriptor table (ICHRRCDX). They must define their own classes in
the class descriptor table (CDT), unless they are using the default DB2 subsystem
name of DSN and have altered the &CHAROPT variable in the RACF external
security module to be a blank character ( ). In addition, the installation must define
a separate set of classes for each subsystem that will be using the RACF external
security module.
Installations defining their own classes can define two classes for each object type
if member and grouping classes are desired. If only one class is defined for each
object type, the class name must begin with M (not G).
For information about defining your own classes in the CDT, see Chapter 8,
424
DB2
Classification Model 2: Multiple-Subsystem Scope (Default)

subsystem name in the resource name. Class names have this format:
abbbbxxz
where:
a
Is M for member class or G for grouping class
bbbb
Is the &CLASSNMT value (the default value is DSN)
xx
Is the type of DB2 object (see Table 31 on page 426 for valid values)
Is the &CHAROPT value (ignored if &CLASSNMT=DSN)
The resource names are prefixed with the DB2 subsystem name or, if data sharing,
DB2 group attachment name.
Installations using multiple-subsystem scope and the default &CLASSNMT value
(DSN) can use the classes provided in the supplied class descriptor table
(ICHRRCDX). Any subsystem sharing the RACF external security module can use
the same set of classes. A separate set of classes does not need to be defined for
each subsystem.
If &CLASSNMT is set to a value other than the default (DSN), classes must be
defined in the class descriptor table (CDT). You can define two classes for each
object type if member and grouping classes are desired. If only one class is defined
for each object type, the class name must begin with M (not G).
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DB2 Object Types

Each authorization request has an associated object type. DB2 provides the object
type as a 1-character abbreviation in the XAPLTYPE field. This abbreviation is used
by the RACF external security module in conjunction with the privilege code (see
Privilege Names on page 427) to determine which checking to perform.
A non-valid XAPLTYPE or XAPLPRIV passed to the RACF external security module
during authorization checking will cause the RACF external security module to
return a return code of 4 (RACF access not determined; perform DB2 access
checking).
Table 31 on page 426 lists the DB2 objects, the DB2 abbreviations used in the
XAPL, and the abbreviations used in the RACF general resource grouping and
member class names (GDSNxx and MDSNxx):
425
DB2
Table 31. DB2 Object Abbreviations
DB2 object
DB2 object abbreviation
RACF class abbreviation
Buffer pool
BP
Collection
CL
Database
DB
Java archive (JAR)
JR
Package
PK
Plan
PN
Schema
SC
Storage group
SG
Stored procedure
SP
System
SM
Table or index
TB
Table space
TS
User-defined distinct type
UT
User-defined function
UF
View
TB
Resource Names
The format of the resource names built by the RACF external security module
depends on the classification model being used.
For single-subsystem scope the general format is:
[object-name.]privilege-name
For multiple-subsystem scope the general format is:

DB2-subsystem.[object-name.]privilege-name
or, if data sharing:
DB2-group-attachment-name.[object-name.]privilege-name
For multiple-subsystem scope, the DB2 subsystem name is obtained from

XAPLGPAT.
The object name used depends on the object type and privilege. The valid privilege
qualifiers are defined in section Privilege Names on page 427.
Object Names
The RACF external security module constructs the DB2 object resource name using
information passed in various fields (XAPLOBJN, XAPLOWNQ, XAPLREL1, and
XAPLREL2). The content of these fields depends on the input object type,
XAPLTYPE.
Table 32 on page 427 defines the DB2 object name qualifiers used in RACF
profiles:
426
DB2
Table 32. DB2 Object Name Qualifiers for RACF Profiles
DB2 object
Object name qualifiers
Buffer pool
bufferpool-name
Collection
collection-ID
Database
database-name
Java archive (JAR)
schema-name.JAR-name
Package
collection-ID.package-ID
collection-ID
owner
Plan
plan-name
owner
Schema
schema-name
schema-name.function-name
schema-name.procedure-name
schema-name.type-name
Storage group
storage-groupname
Stored procedure
schema-name.procedure-name
System
owner
(BINDAGENT only)
Table, index
table-owner.table-name
table-owner.table-name.column-name
Table space
database-name.table-space-name
schema-name.type-name
schema-name.function-name
View
view-owner.view-name
Note: The format of the DB2 object names is defined by DB2. For more
information, see DB2 SQL Reference.
Privilege Names
The RACF external security module constructs the DB2 resource name using the
DB2 privilege name as the lowest-level qualifier (RACF profile-name suffix) in the
resource name. Each explicit privilege used as a low-level qualifier corresponds to
one of the explicit privilege names that DB2 uses for a particular object. For a
complete reference of all valid privilege names that can be used in a resource
name for each DB2 object, see the tables in Appendix D, RACF External Security
Module: Authorization Checking, on page 675.
Tip: You can authorize a user for all privileges on an object by defining a generic
RACF profile using an asterisk (*) in place of the privilege name. See DB2 GRANT
commands on page 434 for an example. (In contrast with SQL, in RACF a single
asterisk (*) matches characters within the scope of a single qualifier.)
DB2 Administrative Authorities

The RACF external security module supports the DB2 concept of administrative
authorities. DB2 administrative authorities often include privileges that are not
explicit, have no name, and cannot be specifically granted. For example, the ability
to terminate any utility job is included in the SYSOPR authority.
427
DB2
If users were not permitted access to the object through the object resource profile,
subsequent checks are made to determine if the user has been permitted access to
system resources via the DSNADM class profiles. The DB2 Administration Guide
documents the set of privileges each DB2 administrative authority provides. The
administrative authorities that apply to a particular invocation of the RACF external
security module, depend on the input object type (XAPLTYPE) and the privilege
being checked (XAPLPRIV) and are defined in Appendix D, RACF External
Security Module: Authorization Checking, on page 675.
Like the names used to protect DB2 objects, the general resource class and profile
names used to implement DB2 administrative authorities depend on the options
specified with the assembler SET symbols.
Class Names
A RACF class, called the DB2 administrative authority class or DSNADM (the
default class name), allows RACF security administrators to create profiles that are
suffixed with specific DB2 administrative authorities, to allow users to access certain
resources for specified DB2 subsystems or groups. The format is dependent on the
scope (&CLASSOPT) specified.
Classification Model 1: Single-Subsystem Scope

subsystem name in the class name. Class names have this format:
yyyyADMz
where:
yyyy
Is the DB2 subsystem name or, if data sharing, the DB2 group
attachment name (from XAPLGPAT)
ADM
Is the class abbreviation for administrative authority
Is the &CHAROPT value (the default value is 1)
The resource profile names do not contain the subsystem name.

Installations using single-subsystem scope cannot use the DB2 administrative
authority class provided in the supplied class descriptor table (ICHRRCDX) and
must define their own class in the class descriptor table (CDT), unless they are
using the default DB2 subsystem name DSN and have altered the &CHAROPT
variable in the RACF external security module to be a blank ( ). In addition, the
installation must define a separate class for each subsystem that will use the RACF
external security module.
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Classification Model 2: Multiple-Subsystem Scope (Default)

subsystem name in the resource name. Class names have this format:
yyyyADMz
where:
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Is the &CLASSNMT value (the default value is DSN)
ADM
Is the class abbreviation for administrative authority
DB2
z
Is the &CHAROPT value, which is ignored if &CLASSNMT is set to

DSN
The resource names are prefixed with the DB2 subsystem name or, if data sharing,
the DB2 group attachment name.
Installations using multiple-subsystem scope and the default &CLASSNMT value
(DSN) can use the DB2 administrative authority class provided in the supplied class
descriptor table (ICHRRCDX). Any subsystem sharing the RACF external security
module can use the same class. A separate class does not need to be defined for
each subsystem.
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If &CLASSNMT is set to a value other than DSN, a class must be defined in the
class descriptor table (CDT). For information about defining your own classes in the
CDT, see Chapter 8, Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT), on
page 287.
Resource Names
The format of the resource names built by the RACF external security module
depends on the classification model being used.
For single-subsystem scope, the format for the DB2 administrative authority
resources is:
[object-name.]authority-name
For multiple-subsystem scope the general format is:

DB2-subsystem.[object-name.]authority-name
or, if data sharing,
DB2-group-attachment-name.[object-name.]authority-name
For multiple-subsystem scope, the DB2 subsystem name is obtained from

XAPLGPAT. The object name used depends on the DB2 administrative authority.
DB2 Administrative Authorities and Object Names

The RACF external security module will construct the DB2 object resource name
using information passed in various fields (XAPLOBJN, XAPLOWNQ, XAPLREL1 or
XAPLREL2). The content of these fields depends on the input object type,
XAPLTYPE.
Table 33 lists the DB2 administrative authorities and the associated RACF object
qualifiers:
Table 33. DB2 Administrative Authorities
Administrative authority
RACF object qualifiers
DBADM
database-name
DBCTRL
database-name
DBMAINT
database-name
PACKADM
collection-ID
SYSADM
none
SYSCTRL
none
SYSOPR
none
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DB2
Note: The format of the DB2 object names is defined by DB2. For more
information, see DB2 SQL Reference.
Installation-Defined Classes
When the &CLASSOPT or &CLASSNMT assembler SET symbols are changed from
their default values, classes must be defined in the installation class descriptor table
(CDT). An installation must define:
v One class for each of the 13 DB2 object types they want to protect with the
It is not necessary to define classes for DB2 objects that will not be protected by
the RACF external security module.
v The DB2 administrative authority class.
Optionally, the installation can define two classes for each object type and set them
up as associated member and grouping classes. The formats for these class names
are defined in sections Classification Model 1: Single-Subsystem Scope on page
424 and Classification Model 2: Multiple-Subsystem Scope (Default) on page 425.
When using single-subsystem scope, class names are created dynamically by
concatenating the DB2 subsystem name or, if data sharing, the DB2 group
attachment name, with the object type. As a result, multiple DB2 subsystems can
use the same copy of the RACF external security module.
When using multiple-subsystem scope, class names are created dynamically by
concatenating the &CLASSNMT value with the object type. As a result, DB2
subsystems with the same &CLASSNMT value can use the same copy of the
Note: If you want to use installation-defined classes, you must use
installation-defined classes with all objects for the same copy of the RACF
external security module. You cannot mix supplied classes and
installation-defined classes for the same copy of the RACF external security
module. You must use different versions of the RACF external security
module.
Installation-defined classes should have the same class descriptor table
(CDT) attributes as the supplied DB2 classes that they correspond to, except
for the POSIT value. For information about defining your own classes in the
CDT, see Chapter 8, Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table
(CDT), on page 287.
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DB2 Data Sharing

The RACF external security module can be used with DB2 data sharing. When DB2
has been configured for data sharing, it will pass the RACF external security
module the name of the DB2 data sharing group name in place of the DB2
subsystem name. As a result, class names and profile names must be defined with
the DB2 data sharing group name in place of the DB2 subsystem name. To use the
RACF external security module in this environment, all systems in the DB2 data
sharing group must share the same RACF database.
For more information on DB2 data sharing, see DB2 Data Sharing: Planning and
Administration.
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DB2
Special Considerations
In certain instances, the RACF authorization checking done by the RACF external
security module is different from the authorization checking done by DB2. These
instances are described in this section.
PUBLIC*
The RACF external security module does not directly support use of the DB2
authorization name PUBLIC*, which means PUBLIC AT ALL LOCATIONS and is the DB2
value that represents all users in the network. However, you can define a resource
profile using generic characters in multiple-subsystem scope in place of the DB2
subsystem name, with the appropriate UACC level for the object. This profile would
then allow all users from all subsystems to access the resource as desired.
Implicit Privileges of Ownership

When the user is the owner of a DB2 object, the user may have some implicit
privileges, but not all privileges associated with the object. The RACF external
security module supports certain implicit privileges of ownership for the following
DB2 objects and associated privileges.
Table 34. DB2 objects and privileges associated with implicit ownership
DB2 object
Owner field
Implicit privileges
Java archive (JAR)
XAPLREL1
USAGE
Package
XAPLREL1
BIND, COMMENT ON, and

COPY
Plan
XAPLOWNQ
BIND and COMMENT ON
Schema
XAPLREL1
ALTERIN, COMMENT ON,

and DROPIN
Stored procedure
XAPLREL1
DISPLAY, EXECUTE, START,

and STOP
Table
XAPLOWNQ
All privileges except CREATE

SYNONYM, DROP
SYNONYM, and CREATE
VIEW
XAPLREL1
USAGE
XAPLREL1
DISPLAY, EXECUTE, START,

and STOP
View
XAPLOWNQ
COMMENT ON and DROP
To check authorization for the privileges associated with implicit ownership, the
RACF external security module first checks to see if XAPLUCHK or XAPLUPRM
matches the value passed in the owner field. (See Table 34 for the name of the field
that DB2 uses to pass owner information for each object type.) If either of these two
fields are equal, the RACF external security module authorizes access and returns
a return code 0 in EXPLRC1 and reason code 13 in EXPLRC2. If this check fails, a
check is made to see if XAPLUCHK equals the owner field (does the current SQL
ID equal the owner of the object?). If these two fields are equal, access is allowed.
If this check fails, profile checking will occur.
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Restriction: On multilevel-secure systems with RACF SETROPTS MLS option

active, the ownership check is not performed.
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DB2
DROP and ALTER INDEX Privileges

When using DB2 Version 5 or DB2 Version 6, the database name is not available
when the RACF external security module is invoked to check a users authority to
drop or alter an index. As a result, the RACF external security module cannot check
a users DBADM authority for the database that contains the index. To be able to
drop or alter an index, a user must either own the index or have one of the
following:
1. SYSCTRL authority
2. SYSADM authority
3. Access to one of the following resources:
a. For multiple-subsystem scope, in the DSNADM class:
DB2-subsystem-name.DBADM
b. For single-subsystem scope, in the xxxADM class:

DBADM
where xxx is the class name root (&CLASSNMT value).

For the exact class and resource names, see Appendix D, RACF External Security
When using DB2 Version 7, the database name is available for DBADM
authorization checking. Therefore, DBADM authority to the database is sufficient for
a user to be able to drop or alter an index.
CREATETMTAB Privilege
In DB2, the DBMAINT, DBCTRL, and DBADM administrative authorities are
sufficient for the CREATETMTAB privilege. However, with the RACF external
security module, a user must have one of the following:
1. The CREATETMTAB privilege
2. The CREATETAB privilege
3. SYSCTRL authority
4. SYSADM authority
For the exact class and resource names, see Appendix D, RACF External Security
CREATE VIEW Privilege

With DB2 Version 5 or DB2 Version 6, DB2 does not use DBADM authority for a
database to authorize a user to create a view. Beginning with DB2 Version 7, if the
installation option DBADM CREATE VIEW on panel DSNTIPP (ZPARM DBACRVW)
is set to YES during DB2 installation, users with DBADM privilege for a database
may be allowed to create views for others. See DB2 Administration Guide for
information about other privileges required to create a view.
When a view is based on tables or a combination of tables and views from more
than one database, the view creator must have DBADM for at least one database
that contains a table referenced in the view. DB2 Version 7 passes the names of
databases referenced in each CREATE VIEW to the RACF external security module
using a database list pointed to by XAPLREL2.
If SYSCTRL or SYSADM authorization checking does not allow the CREATE VIEW
privilege, and the XAPLCRVW field indicates that DBACRVW is enabled, the RACF
external security module checks the users DBADM authorization for each database
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DB2
in the list. The result of each DBADM check is placed in the XAPLDBDA field
associated with each database. See z/OS Security Server RACF Diagnosis Guide
for information about capturing the results from the RACF external security module.
Any Table Privilege

In DB2, the UPDATE or REFERENCES privilege for a specific column is sufficient
to allow the any table privilege. When the RACF external security module is
invoked for the any table privilege, having the UPDATE privilege or the
REFERENCES privilege is not sufficient to provide the user with the any table
privilege.
Any Schema Privilege

RACF does not perform authorization checks looking for all privileges on all
schemas as DB2 does for the CREATEIN, ALTERIN, DROPIN, and COMMENT
ON privileges on schemas; nor does RACF look for all privileges on all stored
procedures as DB2 does for the EXECUTE privilege for stored procedures. Note
that RACF generic profiles can be used to define protection for sets of similarly
named schemas and stored procedures. RACF variables and RACF grouping
profiles may be used for the protection attributed of schemas and stored procedures
that are not similarly named.
UPDATE and REFERENCES Authorization on DB2 Table Columns

The RACF external security module handles UPDATE and REFERENCES
authorizations associated with columns by first checking for access to the entire
table (example: table.UPDATE) and if not permitted, then to each individual column
(example: table.column.UPDATE).
When performing an authorization check on a column privilege, the RACF external
security module informs DB2 if access is allowed because it is granted on the
whole table or through an individual column. In DB2, this check is performed using
fields UPDATECOLS and REFCOLS. The RACF external security module returns a
value to DB2 in output field XAPLONWT.
When performing the authorization check on the entire table and authorization is
granted to the requestor, the RACF external security module returns a blank ( ) in
the output field XAPLONWT and sends a return code of 0.
If the authorization check is granted on a particular column or set of columns using
a generic profile, the RACF external security module returns an asterisk (*) in
output field XAPLONWT and sends a return code of 0. DB2 provides the column
name included in XAPLREL1 to the RACF external security module.
The XAPLDIAG Output Parameter

The output parameter XAPLDIAG is used to contain return codes and reason
codes. When a RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH check fails to grant access,
the RACF external security module records the failing SAF return code, RACF
return and reason codes in XAPLDIAG. Each word of XAPLDIAG contains a
FASTAUTH SAF return code (1 byte), the RACF return code (1 byte) and the RACF
reason code (2 bytes), from left to right. All return codes and reason codes are
shown in hexadecimal. In this way, DB2 or other programs have a way to trap and
obtain diagnostic information.
See z/OS Security Server RACF Diagnosis Guide for more information.
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DB2
DB2 Aliases for System-Directed Access

RACF applies protection to the base object, not to a DB2 alias. This is because
DB2 authorization checks are made using the base object name, not the alias. By
the time the RACF external security module is passed the object name, it has
already been resolved from the alias name to the base name.
Considerations for Remote and Local Resources

The RACF entity check is always performed for local resources.Remote resources
are always checked by the remote DB2. This also occurs when binding an
application that accesses remote resources.
DB2 GRANT commands

The RACF external security module provides RACF authorization checking of all
privileges for all DB2 objects listed in Privilege Names on page 427. However, the
RACF external security module does not call RACF for DB2 GRANT command
checking but instead defers to DB2 authorization checking. When RACF is called by
the RACF external security module, it does not use DB2 authorizations given using
DB2 GRANT commands but uses only the resources you defined to RACF.
Structured Query Language (SQL) allows authorities to be held with the WITH
GRANT option, which allows users to GRANT those privileges to others. The RACF
external security module does not provide this support.
SQL supports the GRANT ALL privilege for any DB2 object. When you use the
RACF external security module, you can issue a generic RACF PERMIT command
to provide the equivalent support. The following command authorizes a user to all
DB2 privileges on a DB2 table.
Example:
PERMIT DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.* CLASS (MDSNTB) ID(userid) ACCESS(READ)
DB2 Object Names With Blank Characters

In DB2, it is possible to use delimited identifiers to create DB2 object names
containing blank characters. However, RACF resource names cannot contain blank
characters. As a result, when the RACF external security module encounters a DB2
object name containing blank characters, it will translate the blank characters to
underscores (_, X'6D') before performing security checking. To protect DB2 objects
containing blanks, you must define RACF profiles that will match an underscore
(either explicitly or via generics) in place of the blank characters.
DB2 Object Names With Special Characters

In DB2, it is possible to use delimited identifiers to create DB2 object names
containing any character in the EBCDIC syntactic character set. However, RACF
does not allow the use of commas, semicolons, or parentheses in resource names.
To protect DB2 objects containing these characters (or any other characters that are
not allowed by the RACF command processors), you need to define RACF profiles
containing generic characters that will match the unsupported characters.
Authority Checking for All Packages in a Collection

The naming convention for DB2 package objects is:
subsystem-name.collection-ID.package-ID.privilege-name
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DB2
When a DB2 user tries to perform an operation on all packages in a collection, DB2
may pass an asterisk (*) to the RACF external security module in place of
package-ID. To ensure consistent results between the RACF external security
module and the RACF command processors (SEARCH and RLIST), the asterisk (*)
in the resource name should match the asterisk (*) in the profile name.
For example, in DB2, you can BIND a plan using all of the packages from a given
collection. When that plan is subsequently executed, DB2 will check the users
authority to execute all packages in the collection by passing an asterisk (*) in place
of the collection name. For example, suppose the following DB2 commands are
issued for subsystem DSN:
BIND PACKAGE (DSNTEP2) MEMBER(DSNTEP2) ACT(REP) ISO(CS)
BIND PLAN(DSNTEP42) PKLIST(DSNTEP2.*) ACT(REP) ISO(CS)
RUN PROGRAM(DSNTEP2) PLAN(DSNTEP42) -
When DB2 gets to the execution step, it invokes the RACF external security module
to check the users authority to EXECUTE package DSNTEP2.*, where the asterisk
(*) means all packages in the collection.
The RACF external security module checks the users authority to resource:
DSN.DSNTEP2.*.EXECUTE
(in class MDSNPK)
The RACF profile name protecting this resource should contain a single asterisk (*)
to match the asterisk (*) in the resource name.
AUTOBIND Requests for User-Defined Functions

RACF fails all authorization checks associated with AUTOBIND requests for
user-defined functions. That is, when:
v XAPLAUTO (in XAPLFLG1) is non-zero,
v XAPLTYPE indicates a function ("F"), and
v XAPLPRIV is 64 (EXECUTE)
then a return code 8 and reason code 17 are returned, and no resource check is
performed. This causes the AUTOBIND request to fail. A manual REBIND is then
required.
Identity Used for Authorization Checks

The RACF external security module receives user identification information in the
XAPL (DSNXAPL) parameter list that is passed by DB2. In the XAPL, the RACF
external security module receives:
v a pointer to the input ACEE that represents the identity of the requester
(XAPLUPRM).
v the 18-character user ID of the requester (XAPLUPRM).
Note: The XAPLUPRM value is used for all RACF authorization checking,
although RACF actually checks the input ACEE itself to determine this
identity. The identity represented by the ACEE is the same as the user ID
passed in XAPLUPRM.
v the 18-character authorization ID (XAPLUCHK) that DB2 uses for the
authorization check. The XAPLUCHK may contain a value that is not a RACF
user ID or group, and it may differ from the XAPLUPRM.
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DB2
While the RACF external security module uses the XAPLUCHK and XAPLUPRM
values to perform ownership checks, it performs all access authorization checks
using only XAPLUPRM.
It is possible for the XAPLUCHK value to be different from the user ID
(XAPLUPRM) represented in the ACEE pointed to by XAPLACEE. For example,
this can occur when a BIND request is issued and the binder is not the owner of
the plan or package. The RACF external security module is invoked to determine
whether the binder is authorized to do the BIND. If this check is successful, it is
then invoked to check the binders authorization to access each DB2 resource
accessed in the plan or package. For the BIND check, XAPLUPRM and
XAPLUCHK have the authorization ID of the binder. However, for the subsequent
checks on the DB2 resources accessed in the plan or package, XAPLUPRM still
has the authorization ID of the binder, but XAPLUCHK now has the authorization ID
of the plan or package owner. For the BIND to succeed, the binder must have
authorization to bind this plan or package, and be authorized to access all DB2
resources accessed in it. DB2 authorization performs the subsequent checks on the
owner of the plan/package and not the binder.
Administering the RACF External Security Module

The RACF external security module:
v Receives control from the DB2 access control authorization exit point
(DSNX@XAC) to handle DB2 authorization checks
v Provides a single point of control for security administration
v Provides the ability to define security rules before a DB2 object is created
v Allows security rules to persist when a DB2 object is dropped
v Provides the ability to protect multiple DB2 objects with a single security rule
using a combination of generic, grouping, and member profiles
v Eliminates DB2 cascading revoke
v Preserves DB2 privileges and administrative authorities
v Provides flexibility for multiple DB2 subsystems with a single set of RACF profiles
v The ability to validate a user ID before giving it access to a DB2 object
To indicate the function to be performed, DB2 passes one of three function codes to
the RACF external security modulefor initialization, authorization checking, or
termination. See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for
initialization and termination information.
Initialization
Any DB2 classes you want to use must be active during RACF external security
module initialization (XAPLFUNC=1). You cannot activate a DB2 class later and expect
the RACF external security module to perform authorization checking against it,
because the class will not be RACLISTed. RACLISTing is only done during
initialization of the RACF external security module.
To start using DB2 classes that were not previously RACLISTed during initialization,
you will need to stop and restart DB2.
Once the DB2 subsystem has initialized, the following command needs to be issued
to affect profile changes for classes being used by the RACF external security
module:
SETROPTS RACLIST(classname) REFRESH
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DB2
The following informational messages are issued for each initialization: IRR908I,
IRR909I, IRR910I, and IRR911I.
Note: The classes listed in message IRR911I may be a valid subset of the classes
listed in message IRR910I. The RACF external security module is
programmed to RACLIST all supported DB2 classes. Message IRR910I lists
the DB2 classes for which the RACF external security module has initiated
RACLIST. However, message IRR911I lists only the DB2 classes that were
successfully RACLISTed. In order to be successfully RACLISTed, a DB2
class must be active and contain at least one profile. Therefore, there are
valid circumstances where the list of classes contained in IRR911I will be a
subset of those listed in IRR910I.
Failure to Initialize
If the RACF external security module fails to initialize for any reason, messages
IRR900A, IRR901A, IRR902A, and IRR903A are issued to the security console. If
this occurs, you can do the following:
1. Check that the DB2 classes are active, and that there is at least one profile
defined in each class.
2. Examine RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST return and reason codes to determine
why RACLISTing of classes is failing in the RACF external security module.
3. Check if any other required resources (GETMAIN, for example) are obtainable.
Return Codes and Reason Codes From Initialization

Return codes from the RACF external security module are returned in the
DB2-supplied EXPL field EXPLRC1. Reason codes from the RACF external security
module are returned in the DB2-supplied EXPL field EXPLRC2. See z/OS Security
Server RACF System Programmers Guide for the meanings of the return and
reason codes from the initialization of the RACF external security module.
Deferring to Native DB2 Authorization

Deferring to native DB2 authorization may or may not require removal of the RACF
external security module. A return code of 4 from the RACF external security
module indicates that DB2 should defer to DB2 security checking for that particular
authorization check.
Removing the RACF External Security Module

If the RACF external security module is removed, DB2 reverts to using native DB2
authorization, in which authority is determined by DB2 catalogs.
In addition, you may need to:
1. Inactivate any classes related to the DB2 processing
2. Make the necessary GRANTs in DB2
Authorization Checking (XAPLFUNC = 2)

The RACF external security module requires an input ACEE to perform authority
checking. When an input ACEE (XAPLACEE) is not provided to the RACF external
security module, it defers to DB2 for authority checking (EXPLRC1 set to 4). See
the DB2 Administration Guide for the requests for which the input ACEE
(XAPLACEE) is set to zero. For these requests, authority checking must be
implemented using the DB2 GRANT and REVOKE commands. RACF profiles
defined for these requests will not be used.
The RACF external security module performs FASTAUTH checks during
authorization according to the rules described in Appendix D, RACF External
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DB2
Security Module: Authorization Checking, on page 675. In DB2, there is no concept
of negative access level. RACF external security module processing ends when
FASTAUTH returns a return code of 0 or the list of checks for the request has been
exhausted. Failure audit records are only created for the first failing resource. All
audit records associated with the same invocation of the exit contain the same
LOGSTR data. See Authorization processing examples on page 439 for examples.
Return and Reason Codes

The following return and reason codes are shown in decimal notation.
Return Code
Meaning
Access permitted
Reason Code Meaning
Access permitted by FASTAUTH checking.
13
Access permitted by implicit privilege of ownership.
14
Access permitted because current SQL ID matches

schema name.
Unable to determine; perform DB2 authorization checking

Reason Code Meaning
Input class (XAPLTYPE) not active.
11
Input ACEE (XAPLACEE) not provided.
14
The ALET could not be created for cross memory

ACEE.
15
Input privilege code (XAPLPRIV) or input class

(XAPLTYPE) not defined to the RACF external
security module.
16
Input privilege code (XAPLPRIV) does not contain

any rules.
Access denied
Reason code Meaning
0
Access denied.
17
Autobind indicator (XAPLAUTO) is not zero,

indicating AUTOBIND was requested. Manual
REBIND is required.
FASTAUTH Return Code Translation

Each time the RACF external security module is invoked, it may in turn invoke
RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH multiple times. If one of the FASTAUTH
requests completes with a return code of zero, the return code passed back to DB2
will be zero. If none of the FASTAUTH requests complete with a return code of
zero, the collection of return codes from FASTAUTH must be translated into a
single resultant return code. Return code translation can be summarized as follows:
If all object resource checks result in a return code of 4 and none of the DSNADM
checks result in a return code of 0, the RACF external security module passes back
a return code of 4.
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DB2
If at least one object resource check results in a return code of 8 and none of the
DSNADM checks result in a return code of 0, the RACF external security module
passes back a return code of 8.
If no object resource profiles are checked and all of the DSNADM checks result in a
return code of 8, the RACF external security module will pass back a return code of
8. Otherwise, if no object resources are checked and the DSNADM checks result in
a mix of 4s and 8s, the RACF external security module passes back a return code
of 4.
All failing SAF/RACF return codes and RACF reason codes are placed in the output
parameter field in XAPLDIAG, to be returned to DB2. This information is then
available to DB2, SQL, or other programs to obtain diagnostic information from it.
Table 35 illustrates the method used to do this translation.
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Table 35. FASTAUTH return code translation
Return code from object profile
Return code from ADM profile
Output return code
All 4s
04
All 8s
08
Mix
04
All 4s
All 4s
04
All 4s
All 8s
04
All 4s
Mix
04
All 8s
All 4s
08
All 8s
All 8s
08
All 8s
Mix
08
Mix
All 4s
08
Mix
All 8s
08
Mix
Mix
08
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Note: Mix indicates a variety of 4 and 8 return codes.
Authorization processing examples

v Examples 1 through 4 show authority checks performed on tables using supplied
classes for multiple-subsystem scope (&CLASSOPT 2).
v Example 5 shows authority checks performed on tables using installation-defined
classes for multiple-subsystem scope (&CLASSOPT 2).
v Example 6 shows authority checks performed on tables using installation-defined
classes for single-subsystem scope (&CLASSOPT 1).
Example 1: Allowing access (auditing for failures)

This example shows how the RACF external security module allows access to a
DB2 object (a table) based on a DB2 administrative authority profile. Auditing is
activated for failures.
In this example, user ID MIKEJ is trying to alter a table called BDA0828.EMP in
database JBW2000.
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DB2
Setup
v Classification model (&CLASSOPT): 2
v Class name root (&CLASSNMT): DSN
v Class name suffix (&CHAROPT): 1
This is the default value, but it is not used with supplied classes.
v DB2 subsystem name: VHH1
v Profiles:
Defined in the MDSNTB class:
VHH1.BDA0828.EMP.ALTER
- AUDIT(FAILURES(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
Defined in the DSNADM class:
VHH1.SYSADM
- AUDIT(FAILURES(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
- ID(MIKEJ) ACCESS(READ)
v User ID MIKEJ has SYSADM authority.
Profile checking
RACF checks the following resources:
1. VHH1.BDA0828.EMP.ALTER in class MDSNTB
Results:
v Access is denied (return code 8).
v No failure message (ICH408I) is issued.
v No audit records are created.
2. VHH1.JBW2000.DBADM in class DSNADM
Results:
v No profile is found (return code 4).
3. VHH1.SYSADM in class DSNADM
Results:
v Access is granted (return code 0).
Final result
The RACF external security module sends a return code of 0 to DB2.
Example 2: Allowing access (auditing for all attempts)

DB2 object (a table) based on a DB2 administrative authority profile. Auditing is
activated for all access attempts.
database JBW2000.
Setup
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DB2
v Profiles:
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
- ID(MIKEJ) ACCESS(NONE)
VHH1.SYSADM
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
Profile checking
Results:
Results:
Results:
v An audit record is created, which includes the following log string data:
The VHH1.BDA0828.EMP.ALTER profile name
Input parameters identifying the request from DB2.
Final result
Example 3: Denying access

This example shows how the RACF external security module denies access to a
DB2 object (a table). Auditing is activated for all access attempts.
database JBW2000.
Setup
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DB2
v Profile:
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
- ID(MIKEJ) ACCESS(NONE)
Profile checking
Results:
Results:
Results:
Results:
v Failure message (ICH408I) is issued.
Final result
Example 4: Deferring to DB2

This example shows how the RACF external security module defers to native DB2
authorization checking because the DB2 object (a table) is not protected by RACF.
database JBW2000.
Setup
v Profiles:
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DB2
VHH1.SYSADM
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
Profile checking
Results:
Results:
Results:
Final result

DB2 object (a table) based on a DB2 administrative authority profile. The installation
has defined classes MSLH1TB1 and SLH1ADM1. Auditing is activated for all
access attempts.
database JBW2000.
Setup
v
v
v
v
Classification model (&CLASSOPT): 2

Class name root (&CLASSNMT): SLH1
Class name suffix (&CHAROPT): 1
DB2 subsystem name: VHH1
v Profiles:
Defined in the MSLH1TB1 class:
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
Defined in the SLH1ADM1 class:
VHH1.SYSADM
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
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DB2
v User ID MIKEJ has SYSADM authority in DB2.
Profile checking
1. VHH1.BDA0828.EMP.ALTER in class MSLH1TB1
Results:
2. VHH1.JBW2000.DBADM in class SLH1ADM1
Results:
3. VHH1.SYSADM in class SLH1ADM1
Results:
Final result
Example 6: Allowing access (single-subsystem scope)

DB2 object (a table) based on a DB2 administrative authority profile. The installation
has defined classes MVHH1TB1 and VHH1ADM1. Auditing is activated for all
access attempts.
database JBW2000.
Setup
This is the default value, but it is not used in single-subsystem scope.
v Profiles:
Defined in the MVHH1TB1 class:
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
Defined in the VHH1ADM1 class:
SYSADM
- AUDIT(ALL(READ))
- UACC(NONE)
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DB2
Profile checking
1. BDA0828.EMP.ALTER in class MVHH1TB1
Results:
2. JBW2000.DBADM in class VHH1ADM1
Results:
3. SYSADM in class VHH1ADM1
Results:
Final result
Converting DB2 Authorizations to RACF Profiles

You can convert the contents of the SYSIBM.SYSxxxAUTH tables to equivalent
RACF profiles. These RACF profiles are used with the RACF external security
module. A sample conversion tool called RACFDB2 may assist you to build these
RACF profiles. This tool is described in Ready for e-business: OS/390 Security
Server Enhancements, an IBM systems center publication. For information on how
to get this tool and others from the RACF home page or via anonymous FTP, see
Internet sources on page xxvi.
Common Problems and Considerations

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Common problems that could occur as a result of defining special classes in the
class descriptor table (CDT) follow:
v A class is not defined in the CDT.
This results in a return code of 4 (profile not found) from the RACF external
security module.
v If class is defined in the static CDT, there is incorrect linkage editor procedures
from the CDT.
v If class is defined in the static CDT, it is link-edited properly but a re-IPL has not
occurred to pick up the changes.
v If class is defined in the dynamic CDT, the CDTINFO class was not RACLISTed
or refreshed to pick up the changes.
v Single-subsystem scope class names are being used and a new subsystem is
using the RACF external security module before classes for the subsystem have
been defined.
v Messages IRR900A, IRR901A, IRR902A, and IRR903A are issued because the
RACF external security module could not initialize correctly.
1. Check to see if DB2 classes are active.
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DB2
2. Determine if and why RACLISTing of classes is failing in exit by examining
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST return and reason codes.
3. Check to see if any other required resources (such as GETMAIN, for
example) are obtainable.
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446
Chapter 14. RACF and DCE

Defining Cross Linking Information . . . . .
The RACF DCEUUIDS Class . . . . . . . .
Activating the DCEUUIDS Class . . . . . .
Administering DCE Information in RACF . . . .
Single Signon Support for DCE . . . . . . .
Using Encryption with Single Signon . . . .
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447
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449
449
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451
This chapter describes using RACF with z/OS DCE or OS/390 DCE.
Attention
Read z/OS DCE Introduction if you need an overview of DCE technology and
terminology.
Also, see z/OS UNIX application considerations on page 551 in Chapter 20,
RACF and z/OS UNIX.
The interoperation of RACF with DCE enables DCE application servers on z/OS or
OS/390 to map a DCE user identity (principal) to a RACF user ID. The mapping of
a DCE principal to a RACF user ID is known as cross linking. The identity cross
linking information contained in RACF can be used by:
v z/OS DCE and OS/390 DCE to determine which users are eligible for single
signon to DCE
v Application servers residing on z/OS or OS/390 to determine the RACF user ID
of clients

By supporting z/OS DCE and OS/390 DCE, RACF establishes a cross linking of
identity between a RACF user ID and a DCE principal. This support includes the
DCE segment and the DCEUUIDS class, which define profiles that link a DCE
universal unique identifier (UUID) to a RACF user ID. Figure 40 on page 448 shows
these relationships.
447
DCE
RACF User Profile

MVSUSER
DCE segment:
dcecell
dceuser
uuld
dce password
DCE Principal
RACF
MVSSYS
dce user1
dce group1
dce org1
UUID dce user1
DCE
RGY
uuid...
APPLDATA
RACF user ID
(MVSUSER)
RACF DCE UUID Profile

Figure 40. DCE/RACF User ID Cross Linking Example
Between the DCE segment associated with a RACF user profile and the
DCEUUIDS class profile, a RACF identity is cross linked to its corresponding DCE
identity.
Defining Cross Linking Information

Two DCE utilities, mvsimpt and mvsexpt, administer DCE information in the RACF
database and create the initial cross linking information between the RACF user
profile and the DCE principal registry using the import and export processes.
Import process
is the process of defining and updating users to the DCE registry
that were previously defined to RACF
Export process
is the process of defining and updating users to RACF that were
previously defined to the DCE registry
The utilities can be started with information from either the RACF database or DCE
registry:
mvsimpt
is a two-pass utility that creates DCE principal entries in the DCE

registry for the set of RACF users chosen to be cross linked, based
on the output from the RACF database unload utility. The unloaded
RACF database is sorted by the administrator according to RACF
user IDs with a RACF DCE segment and filtered by the utility
according to processed entries from previous mvsimpt and mvsexpt
processing.
mvsexpt
is a two-pass utility that cross populates a set of DCE principals

with a RACF database. It creates and updates the RACF DCE
segment for each DCE principal being cross linked with the RACF
database. mvsexpt takes a specified input file or the DCE registry
for each principal specified and creates the RACF DCE segment
and the RACF general resource class, DCEUUIDS.
For more information on these utilities, see z/OS DCE Administration Guide.
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DCE
The RACF DCEUUIDS Class

RACF uses the general resource class, DCEUUIDS, which contains the cross
linking information for each RACF/DCE user.
As shown on Figure 40 on page 448, profiles defined to the RACF DCEUUIDS
class associate a DCE principal with a RACF user ID on a particular system that is
part of a DCE cell. The profile name is the string form of the DCE cell UUID and
principal UUID. The APPLDATA field of this profile contains the RACF user ID.
Profiles defined to the DCEUUIDS class should include the cells UUID. The
general form of the profiles defined to this class is:
cell-string-form-uuid.principal-string-form-uuid
Using the DCE segment and the DCEUUIDS class profile, applications using a new
SAF callable service, extensions to the kernel, or extensions to the C function
library can determine a users DCE or RACF identity. Ensure that DCE segment
definitions and DCEUUIDS class profiles include the cell UUID.

Whenever DCE information is updated in a USER profile with the RACF ISPF
panels or one of the following commands:
v ALTUSER
v DELUSER
v ADDUSER
the corresponding DCEUUIDS profiles will automatically be updated. When RACF
creates a DCEUUIDS profile as a result of an ADDUSER or ALTUSER command,
the user ID of the command issuer becomes the owner of the DCEUUIDS profile.
In addition, profiles defined to the DCEUUIDS class can be created and maintained
by using DCE import and export utilities.
Activating the DCEUUIDS Class

Before profiles defined to the DCEUUIDS class can be used, the class must be
activated. To activate the DCEUUIDS class enter:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DCEUUIDS)
Administering DCE Information in RACF

Updating a users principal and home cell DCE UUIDs results in automatic updates
to the identity mapping profiles contained in the DCEUUIDS class.
Example:
As RACF administrator, you are changing a RACF-defined user who was previously
processed by the DCE utilities to correct an initial data entry error. Also, the
DCEUUIDS class profile for this user was deleted inadvertently.
The existing RACF user ID, CSMITH, has been cross-linked with the DCE principal
charles.
This DCE user has been assigned a DCE principal UUID of 004386ea-ebb6-1ec3bcae-10005ac90feb and a DCE principal name of charles. This DCE user will
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DCE
become a principal of the mvssys DCE cell. The UUID for the mvssys DCE cell is
003456ab-ecb7-7de3-ebda-95531ed63dae.
ALTUSER CSMITH +
DCE(UUID(004386ea-ebb6-1ec3-bcae-10005ac90feb) +
DCENAME(charles) HOMECELL(/.../mvssys.endicott.ibm.com) +
HOMEUUID(003456ab-ecb7-7de3-ebda-95531ed63dae))
Figure 41. Changing a DCE user with ALTUSER
You should list the DCE segment information for the RACF user ID CSMITH to
ensure that no errors were made entering the data for the ALTUSER command
shown in the example. The corresponding DCE mapping profile in the DCEUUIDS
class is updated to reflect the new information automatically.
LISTUSER CSMITH NORACF DCE
USER=CSMITH
DCE INFORMATION
---------------UUID= 004386ea-ebb6-1ec3-bcae-10005ac90feb
DCENAME= charles
HOME CELL UUID= 003456ab-ecb7-7de3-ebda-95531ed63dae
HOME CELL= /.../mvssys.endicott.ibm.com
DCE AUTOLOGIN= NO
Figure 42. Output of the LISTUSER Command for user CSMITH
Single Signon Support for DCE

RACF support provides for a single signon to DCE feature. DCE single signon logs
z/OS and OS/390 users into DCE automatically if those users have already been
authenticated by RACF. The single signon support is not intended to be used by
application servers. Single signon support should be enabled only for end users.
To start single signon to DCE processing, the following conditions must be met:
v You have requested single signon to DCE processing.
v The user is not currently logged into DCE.
v The user invokes a DCE application.
v The user is defined as a DCE principal to the DCE registry.
Before DCE single signon support can be invoked for a z/OS or OS/390 user, the
user must be enrolled for the single signon to DCE feature. To enroll:
1. RACF setup procedures for DCE interoperability must be completed.
2. A populated DCE segment must be created for the user in the RACF user
profile. The user profile DCE segment must contain the users DCE information.
IBM recommends that you use the DCE utility mvsimpt and the DCE utilities
mvsimpt and mvsexpt as an administrative aid.
3. The AUTOLOGIN value in the users DCE segment must be set to YES to
invoke single signon processing.
4. The user must have saved the current DCE password in the RACF DCE
segment by invoking the DCE storepw command.
Rules:
a. You still need to maintain a separate password for RACF and DCE.
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DCE
b. You must use the DCE storepw to keep current your DCE password that is
stored in RACF. If you change your DCE password that is known to the
DCE registry, you must use the storepw command to save your new DCE
password in RACF.
For more information on single signon restrictions, see z/OS DCE
Administration Guide. For a discussion of the DCE storepw command, see
z/OS DCE Command Reference.
c. You must define a DCE.PASSWORD.KEY profile with an SSIGNON
segment in the KEYSMSTR class, and activate the KEYSMSTR class.
See Steps for storing a key in a KEYSMSTR profile on page 285.
Using Encryption with Single Signon

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When using the secured signon facilities with encryption, some of the Integrated
Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) modules must be put in the link pack area
(LPA) so these modules can be accessed from RACF. The modules can be
dynamically loaded, or added to PLPA or MLPA with the respective PARMLIB
members. The modules are as follows:
v CSNBCKI
v CSNBDEC
v CSNBENC
v CSNBKRC
v CSNBKRD
v CSNBKRW
Depending on the release of ICSF, some of these modules may not exist. RACF
checks ICSF and only uses existing modules.
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452
Chapter 15. RACF and Tivoli Products

RACF provides interfaces to allow profiles on the RACF database to be managed
through the Tivoli User Administration and Tivoli Security Management products.
See the Tivoli product documentation for details on managing RACF profiles using
these products.
Establishing a RACF Identity for a Tivoli Administrator

A RACF identity must be established for a Tivoli administrator so this administrator
can manage security on z/OS and OS/390 endpoints. The requests to update
RACF profile information will run under the authority of the RACF user ID
associated with the Tivoli administrator.
Define a general resource profile in the TMEADMIN class to associate a Tivoli
administrator with a RACF user ID. The profile name is the administrators Tivoli
principal name. If Kerberos is in use, the Tivoli principal name is the Kerberos
principal name. If Kerberos is not in use, the Tivoli principal name is a combination
of the UNIX login name and host name used to access the Tivoli command
language interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI). The format for the Tivoli
principal name (when Kerberos is not in use) is:
unix-login-name@host-name
Note: The Tivoli principal name is displayed in the title bar of the Tivoli desktop.
You may also issue the following command to determine which principal
name Tivoli uses when you issue a Tivoli command or start the GUI from the
current shell:
objcall objcall 0.0.0 get_oserv o_get_principal
For more information about the Tivoli principal name, see Tivoli Framework
Planning and Installation Guide.
The APPLDATA field of this profile must contain the RACF user ID. It is
recommended that each Tivoli administrator user ID map to one and only one
RACF user ID. The sharing of a RACF user ID by multiple Tivoli administrators is
not recommended. Therefore, a profile in the TMEADMIN class should exist for
each Tivoli administrator who is able to perform RACF administration.
For example, the Tivoli administrator jdiamond in the Tivoli Management Region
pok01 has a RACF user ID of JOHND. To define a general resource profile in the
TMEADMIN class to associate jdiamond in the Tivoli Management Region pok01
with the RACF user ID JOHND, a RACF administrator with SPECIAL authority would
issue:
RDEFINE TMEADMIN jdiamond@pok01 APPLDATA(JOHND)
The RACF user IDs used by Tivoli administrators must have the appropriate RACF
authority to manage the set of resources these administrators are responsible for.
Unless the set of managed RACF resources is very limited, the RACF user ID will
require the SPECIAL attribute. To manage the global audit setting in resource
profiles, the RACF user ID will require the AUDITOR attribute.
Listing Profiles in the TMEADMIN Class

You can list a TMEADMIN class profile using the RLIST command.
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Tivoli
For example, to list a TMEADMIN class profile for Tivoli administrator jdiamond in
the Tivoli Management Region pok01, enter:
RLIST TMEADMIN jdiamond@pok01
You will see the following output:

RLIST TMEADMIN jdiamond@pok01
CLASS
----TMEADMIN
LEVEL
----00
NAME
---JDIAMOND@POK01
OWNER
-------IBMUSER
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
---------------NONE
YOUR ACCESS
----------ALTER
INSTALLATION DATA
----------------NONE
APPLICATION DATA
---------------JOHND
AUDITING
-------FAILURES(READ)
NOTIFY
-----NO USER TO BE NOTIFIED
Figure 43. RLIST Output of a TMEADMIN Class Profile
454
WARNING
------NO

Overview of RACF and IMS. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to IMS System Data Sets and Databases
IMS System Generation Considerations . . . . . . . .
Establishing Audit Trail Capabilities . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to IMS Control Regions . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to IMS Transactions . . . . . . . .
Grouping IMS Transactions under a Common Profile . .
Controlling Access to IMS Physical Terminals . . . . . .
Authorization to IMS/ESA Control Region Resources . . .
Defining Application Group Names for IMS . . . . . .
Requesting Authorization Checking . . . . . . . .
The Checking Process . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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455
456
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This chapter describes factors that Information Management System (IMS) owners
and administrators should consider when using IMS and RACF. Note that many of
the names used in the scenarios are arbitrary. The names you use for user IDs,
group names, and other such items will differ, and the procedures that you decide
to follow may vary from those given as examples here.
Overview of RACF and IMS

IMS uses RACF facilities to:
v Provide individual user (terminal operator) identification and authentication
v Control access through operator identification:
Control access to IMS physical terminals
Control access to IMS transactions
Control access to IMS control regions
Control access to control region resources (PSBs, transactions, and logical
terminal names) for message processing regions and batch message
processing regions
v Delegate the ability to define users, protected transactions, and transaction lists
to people outside the data processing department, if desired
v Provide an audit trail of individual operator actions, including database updates,
on the IMS log
v Provide an operator identifier to application programs (through the I/O PCB)
v Control installation-specific resource access by using the AUTH call in IMS
application programs
You should be familiar with the IMS system generation process and the other
security features of IMS, such as password, logical terminal, and transaction
security.
The scenarios in this chapter describe how to use RACF to control access to IMS
resources. The order of the scenarios is, generally, from the easiest and most
cost-effective to the more complex.
455
IMS
Controlling Access to IMS System Data Sets and Databases

As described earlier in this publication, RACF can control access to resources such
as data sets, tape volumes, transactions, and so forth. Many of the IMS system
resources fall into the DATASET class. Examples of these resources are the data
sets that comprise the IMS databases and libraries.
If access to the IMS database and library resources is not controlled, further access
control within IMS is of little value because the controls within IMS depend on these
resources.
It is reasonable, then, to use RACF to control access to these data sets before you
use RACF to control access to resources such as transactions or terminals. In
doing this, it is important to understand that many of the accesses to IMS data sets
and libraries are made by IMS itself. That is, to RACF, the IMS control region is a
user.
If IMS runs as a started procedure, you must assign a RACF user ID to the
procedure and do one of the following:
v Add the name as an entry in the STARTED class. (This is the preferred method.)
v Add the procedures name to the RACF started procedures table (RACF module
name ICHRIN03), unless the started procedures table has already been modified
at your installation to contain a generic entry.
You should assign user IDs with the PROTECTED attribute to the IMS started
procedures. For more information, see Using Started Procedures on page 143.
Before the security or group administrator who has IMS responsibility defines the
IMS control region in the STARTED class or in the started procedures table, this
person must define IMS as a user to RACF.
ADDGROUP IMSPROD OWNER(IMSADMIN)
ADDUSER IMS GROUP(IMSPROD) OWNER(IMSADMIN)
These two RACF commands build a RACF profile for a group named IMSPROD
and a profile for a user whose identifier is IMS and who is a member of the group
IMSPROD. In both cases, the OWNER of these profiles is a user called IMSADMIN.
(The owner of a RACF profile is allowed to issue other RACF commands that affect
the profile. The owner can alter or delete the profile.)
To protect the IMS libraries, a person with appropriate RACF authority can issue the
following type of RACF commands:
ADDSD (IMSPROD.RESLIB,IMSPROD.PROCLIB,IMSPROD.ACBLIB, ...)
UACC(NONE) AUDIT(ALL) OWNER(IMSADMIN)
PERMIT IMSPROD.RESLIB ID(IMS,appropriate-users-or-groups) ACCESS(READ)
PERMIT IMSPROD.RESLIB ID(appropriate-users-or-groups) ACCESS(UPDATE)
A UACC of READ says that anyone can read the data set. A UACC of NONE says
that, to do anything with the data set, the individual (or a group to which the
individual belongs) must be in the access list for the data set with the appropriate
level of permission. In order to prohibit unauthorized parties from opening the IMS
system libraries, you should specify NONE as the UACC for these data sets.
IMS libraries (such as RESLIB, PROCLIB, ACBLIB, FORMAT, MATRIX, and JOBS),
and IMS system data sets (such as QBLKS, SHMSG, and LGMSG) should be
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IMS
RACF-protected with access granted to IMS (or to the group to which IMS belongs)
at the appropriate level, and to the people whose job it is to maintain these libraries
and system data sets.
After access to the IMS system data sets has been controlled to an acceptable
level, the next logical step is to control access to the IMS database data sets. This
can be done in the same manner as described for the IMS system data sets or
access to these data sets can be controlled with generic profiles.
A generic profile provides an access list for a large number of resources (for
example, all data sets whose first two qualifiers are IMS.PROD).
As the appropriate security or group administrator, you can issue RACF commands
similar to the following to establish a generic profile:
ADDSD IMS.PROD.* OWNER(IMSADMIN) AUDIT(ALL) UACC(NONE|READ)
PERMIT IMS.PROD.* ID(IMS,appropriate-users-or-groups) ACCESS(CONTROL)
PERMIT IMS.PROD.* ID(appropriate-users-or-groups) ACCESS(READ)
Issuing the RACF PERMIT command for the user IMS with an access level of
CONTROL is necessary because IMS issues a VSAM VERIFY for its VSAM data
sets. (VERIFY requires a CONTROL level of access.) For OS data sets, IMS opens
the data set at the highest intent in the processing option for the PSB used. A
CONTROL level of access for an OS data set is equivalent to UPDATE. Batch IMS
checks the processing intent of the PSB to be used, and, if it is READ, requests an
open at the READ level.
Note: For data set protection to be complete, the catalogs for the IMS system
libraries and data sets and the database data sets must be RACF-protected
at the appropriate level.
The steps outlined above provide a great deal of control for a small amount of
effort. No IMS system generation or utility runs are needed to achieve this important
degree of control.
IMS System Generation Considerations

To have IMS use RACF to control access to the IMS resources, it is necessary to
go through an IMS system generation process. Regardless of the type of security
chosen, values must be supplied in the IMSCTRL macro and the SECURITY
operand of that macro.
In the IMSCTRL macro, you should specify an IMSID value to indicate the name of
a specific IMS control region if you plan to use any form of resource access control.
The default value for IMSID is IMSA. If multiple IMS control regions share a
common RACF database, the IMSID value must be unique for each control region.
In the SECURITY operand of the IMSCTRL macro, you should specify an RCLASS
value. The default value supplied by IMS is IMS. IMS uses this value to identify
which RACF resource classes belong to a specific IMS control region. For example,
if the default (IMS) is taken, the RACF resource classes for that control region are:
TIMS for the transaction class
GIMS for the group transaction class
AIMS for the application resource class.
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IMS
If RCLASS=ABC had been specified, the RACF resource classes for that control
region would be:
TABC for transactions
GABC for resource grouping profiles for transactions
AABC for the application resource class.
IMS uses these class names to perform checks for resource access. For example,
with transaction authorization active, IMS issues RACROUTE
REQUEST=FASTAUTH when a transaction is received. On RACROUTE
REQUEST=FASTAUTH, IMS requires that the user who issued the /SIGN ON
command have READ access authority to the specified resource.
By making the class names unique for each IMS control region, it is possible to
have the same transaction name on a production system and a test system, yet
have different access lists for each of them with no ambiguity. Table 36 shows this
relationship.
The class names must be defined in IMS as outlined above, and they must also be
defined to RACF. RACF supplies the following IMS-related classes:
Table 36. IMS Class Names, How They Are Specified, and Their Usage
Default Class Names
When RCLASS=xxx Is Specified
Usage
AIMS
Axxx
Application (AGN)
CIMS
Cxxx
Command
DIMS
Dxxx
Grouping class for command
FIMS
Fxxx
Field (in database segment)
GIMS
Gxxx
Grouping class for transaction
HIMS
Hxxx
Grouping class for field
OIMS
Oxxx
Other
PIMS
Pxxx
Database
QIMS
Qxxx
Grouping class for database
SIMS
Sxxx
Segment in database
TIMS
Txxx
Transaction (trancode)
UIMS
Uxxx
Grouping class for segment
WIMS
Wxxx
Grouping class for other
If your installation wishes to define any other class names, add the classes to the
class descriptor table (CDT). For more information, see Chapter 8, Administering
the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT), on page 287.
|
|
|
Notes:
1. By the IMS system generation process, the RACF resource class name is
determined by concatenating the first letter of the resource classes shown
above with the RCLASS value specified in the SECURITY macro in the IMS
generator. If no value is specified, the default IMS is used. These default class
names are shipped with RACF.
2. The IMS resource classes that you define should be created with the same
attributes as the supplied IMS classes.
Activating the IMS classes in RACF has no effect on IMS until options are specified
in the IMS system and IMS is started with the options in effect.
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IMS
Establishing Audit Trail Capabilities

Before you control access to any IMS internal resources, it may be desirable to
have some or all of the users of the online system learn to identify themselves to
the system. This can be done on a voluntary basis, or it can be enforced on the
basis of a user group, by physical terminal, or by the entire system.
When terminal operators use the /SIGN ON command, they supply a user ID and
password and, optionally, a group name. IMS passes this information to RACF. If a
profile is found for that user, RACF checks the supplied password against the
password in the users profile. Before the comparison, both the password in the
user profile and the supplied password are encoded using RACFs implementation
of the DES algorithm. If the supplied password is correct, RACF then checks to see
if the users password has expired. If it has, RACF returns a code indicating this to
IMS. IMS returns a message to the user indicating that a new password is required.
If the password is correct and has not expired, RACF checks to see if the user is a
valid member of the group to which the user is signing on (if a GROUP operand
was supplied), or else uses the default group name from the user profile. Additional
checks are made concerning group membership.
Any time an IMS terminal is signed on, a type X'16' log record is written. This log
record contains the physical terminal identifier, the user identifier, and the IMS
time-stamp. A X'16' record is also written when the terminal is signed off, either as
the result of a /SIGN OFF command or by another /SIGN ON command being entered
from that same terminal.
If a terminal is signed on, the user identifier from the RACF token is placed in
several other log records, including:
v The input message log record (X'01')
v The output message log record (X'03')
v All database change records (X'50', X'51', and X'52')
In addition, the user identifier is made available to the application program in an
extension of the IO/PCB.
These facilities enhance the ability to use the IMS log records as an audit trail,
whether or not RACF is used to control access to any IMS resource.
To cause IMS to use RACF for a sign on, the only thing you need to do is an IMS
system generation with two operands in the SECURITY macro:
SECURITY TYPE=(,RACFTERM)
,SECLVL=(,SIGNON)
(or FORCSIGN)
The RACFTERM operand specifies that IMS is to invoke RACF to identify and
verify the user who issues the /SIGN ON command.
SIGNON or FORCSIGN provide the appropriate values for the EXECUTE statement
in the IMS procedure. SIGNON can be overridden by the master terminal operator
during /NRE processing to deactivate sign on processing. FORCSIGN indicates that
the master terminal operator cannot override sign on processing during an IMS
start.
If this is all that is done, terminal operators can optionally issue the /SIGN ON
command. If operators have been defined to RACF, and if they provide their
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IMS
password correctly, the /SIGN ON command is accepted and all of the actions
described earlier take place. (A rejected sign on results in a DFS2467 message and
a X'10' log record is written.)
To define a user to RACF, a person with proper authorization issues the following
RACF command from TSO:
ADDUSER userid NAME(user-name)
This RACF command causes a user profile to be created in the RACF data base
with a number of defaults. The users password is set equal to the definers group
name and is marked expired. The users default group is set to the definers logon
group. The defined user has no unusual authorities of any kind as far as RACF is
concerned. (To find information on the ADDUSER command, see z/OS Security
Server RACF Command Language Reference or enter HELP ADDUSER from a
TSO terminal.)
You can make a user a member of more than one group by using the RACF
CONNECT command.
Without doing anything other than just described, a user can sign on to IMS, but is
not required to. (Note that any RACF-defined user can use the /SIGN ON command
to gain access to a terminal connected to an IMS control region.)
There are several options available to ensure that users sign on to a particular IMS
control region. These options are described from the simplest to the more complex.
The easiest method to enforce sign on for all users is to run the IMS security
maintenance utility (SMU) with the following:
)(SIGN
STERM ALL
Assuming that the IMS system generation options referenced previously had been
done, this run of the security maintenance utility and the EXECUTE options
specified by the SECLVL operand indicate that IMS is to pass the terminal identifier
of the terminal to RACF when a user signs on. If the RACF TERMINAL class is
active, RACF checks the users authority to use the terminal.
The return code RACF supplies to IMS indicates whether access to the terminal is
to be allowed. There are conditions in RACF that determine this return code. The
first of these conditions is set by the RACF SETROPTS command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TERMINAL) TERMINAL(READ)
This command sets the TERMINAL class of resource in RACF to an active,

system-wide status. All subsystems that use RACF to control access to terminals
now have terminal checking active when this command is issued. The READ option
of the TERMINAL operand indicates how RACF is to view terminals that are not
defined to RACF. READ indicates that, if RACF cannot find a profile for that
terminal, access to the terminal is to be allowed.
The security maintenance utility STERM ALL operands tell IMS that the transactions
can be entered only from signed-on terminals. (With READ specified for undefined
terminals, the IMS terminals do not have to be defined to RACF, but all terminal
operators who use that IMS control region must identify themselves through the use
of the /SIGN ON command.)
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IMS
If you want to be selective about which users are to be forced to sign on, see
Controlling Access to IMS Physical Terminals on page 463.
Note that the IMS command processor is not conversational. Therefore, there is no
opportunity to format the screen before a sign on. Because the screens on the
terminals are not formatted for the /SIGN ON command, the users passwords are
displayed. IBM recommends that you create message format screens to provide the
sign on function so that the operator can enter /FOR SIGN and receive a formatted
screen that requests the password in a non-display field.
Controlling Access to IMS Control Regions

With the steps covered in the previous topics in place, a user must use the /SIGN
ON command to enter a transaction from an IMS terminal. The only problem here is
that any RACF-defined user could use the /SIGN ON command to gain access to the
IMS control region.
To restrict access to a control region to just those users of the system who are
authorized by the nature of their jobs to access it, you must activate the APPL class
in RACF as follows:
RDEFINE APPL (ims-id1,ims-id2,,,,,,ims-idn) UACC(NONE)
PERMIT ims-id1 CLASS(APPL) ID(groupname-1,,,,groupname-n) ACCESS(READ)
SETROPTS CLASSACT(APPL)
where ims-idn is the IMSID value specified on the IMSCTRL macro. (The default
value for IMSID is IMSA.)
IMS supplies the control regions application identifier to RACF during sign on.
RACF checks to see if the user who is signing on has permission to use the
resource pointed to by the APPLID. If no profile in the APPL class has been defined
to RACF, it is assumed that the application is unprotected. RACF makes this check
only at the time a terminal operator uses the /SIGN ON command.
When IMS requires sign on, all users of a particular IMS control region must be
identified and their user IDs, or the names of the groups to which they belong, must
be in the access list for that particular control region name.
Note: You should consider assigning user IDs with the PROTECTED attribute to
the started procedures associated with IMS control regions. For more
information, see Using Started Procedures on page 143.
Controlling Access to IMS Transactions

The TRANAUTH value that you specify with the SECLVL operand of the SECURITY
macro causes IMS to use RACF to control access to IMS transactions:
SECURITY TYPE=(,RACFTERM)
,SECLVL=(TRANAUTH,SIGNON)
You can also include the TRANAUTH value in the initial system generation
described earlier in this chapter. As long as the RCLASS value agrees with the
RACF class descriptor table (CDT), the fact that no transaction profiles have been
defined does not affect IMS operation.
The TRANAUTH value tells IMS to do two things:
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IMS
v During initialization of the control region, IMS issues RACROUTE
REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=NO to copy all of the profiles in the specified class
(TIMS, GIMS) into system storage.
v When IMS receives a message, IMS issues REQUEST=FASTAUTH to check the
users authority to the resource. REQUEST=FASTAUTH checks the in-storage
profiles to determine the users authority. If the profile is found,
REQUEST=FASTAUTH checks to see whether the user is allowed to access the
resource. The return code from REQUEST=FASTAUTH indicates the status of
the request: access-allowed, access-not-allowed, or profile-not-found. Because
IMS treats the profile-not-found return as a not-protected condition, it is perfectly
acceptable to have transaction authorization active, but not have any profiles
specified for a given control region. The amount of overhead caused by a
not-found condition is small.
The RACFTERM value tells IMS to use RACF to process the /SIGN ON command.
Grouping IMS Transactions under a Common Profile

Because of the way IMS uses RACF, users are not the only entities that can be
grouped under a single name. IMS transactions can also be grouped under a
common profile. Assuming that the order entry process requires the use of four
different IMS transactions, they could all be defined to RACF at the same time and
all could share a common access list:
RDEFINE Gxxx ORDENT ADDMEM(TRAN1,TRAN2,TRAN3,TRAN4) UACC(NONE)
PERMIT ORDENT CLASS(Gxxx) ID(GROUP1) ACCESS(READ)
Issuing these two RACF commands is the same as issuing RDEFINE and PERMIT
commands for each of the four transactions, but there is no need to define the
transactions individually. They share a common profile containing all other RACF
information such as ownership, UACC, statistics, and the access list.
You can, of course, have an individual profile for a transaction that is already
defined in the Gxxx class. If both a group profile and an individual profile exist,
REQUEST=LIST merges the two profiles and uses the merged profile. If there are
conflicting specifications in the two profiles, REQUEST=LIST resolves these through
a set of rules that can be specified by flags in RACF exit routines. Although RACF
allows you to name a transaction more than once (for example, once as a member
of an entity in the GIMS class and once as a member of the TIMS class), you
should avoid it, because the REQUEST=LIST function merges the access lists from
the two entries. This merging usually causes excessive use of storage and access
lists that are not what the administrator intended.
After you have set the IMS classes active with the RACF SETROPTS command,
and the IMS start up procedure specifies TRANAUTH, the transactions defined to
RACF at that time are RACF-protected. IMS issues REQUEST=FASTAUTH at four
different times:
v Before placing a transaction in the scheduler message block
v When a CHNG call is issued to a modifiable IO/PCB
v When an ISRT call to a scratch pad area contains a transaction name
v When the /SET, /LOCK, and /UNLOCK commands contain transaction names
Note: Checking calls have an effect on a transaction-to-transaction switch. A
terminal operator could sign on and enter a transaction that may or may not
be RACF-protected. If the transaction were to stay in the queue long enough
to be scheduled after the operator has signed off, there would no longer be a
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IMS
valid RACF token associated with the terminal. If the first transaction then
invoked a protected transaction through a CHNG call to a modifiable
IO/PCB, the scheduling of the protected transaction could fail.
IMS uses RACF to force reverification that the operator who signed on to a given
terminal is the same one who is entering a second or subsequent transaction. This
is done by specifying REVERIFY in the APPLDATA field of the transaction profile:
RDEFINE Txxx tran-name UACC(NONE) APPLDATA(REVERIFY)
Each time users enter this transaction code, they must enter their RACF password
in the place where an IMS password would go if the transaction were
password-protected.
Using this method prevents the problems associated with terminal operators leaving
their terminals in a signed-on state. However, it has adverse implications on
message formats and on usability and productivity. It would be better if supervisors
impressed on the terminal operators the importance of not leaving their terminals in
a signed-on state.
The transaction authorization exit in IMS could be used to check the elapsed time
between transactions, but even this does not ensure that a transaction cannot be
invoked by a person other than the one who signed on and left the terminal
unattended.
You can use generic names in the transaction class (Txxx) or as members in the
group class (Gxxx) to cover multiple transactions with similar names and authority
requirements.
Controlling Access to IMS Physical Terminals

If you want to treat IMS terminals as resources (that is, to allow only certain users
or groups of users to use physical terminals that are connected to IMS), you must
describe the terminals to RACF and build access lists for them.
If a terminal is defined to RACF and the resource manager supplies the terminal
identifier to RACF during RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY processing, RACF
returns a code that indicates whether this user is allowed to use this particular
terminal. As was indicated earlier, the signal to IMS to supply the terminal identifier
comes from the security maintenance utility.
)(SIGN
STERM nodename
STERM lll#ttt
(VTAM,TCAM)
(BTAM relative line and term #)
Entries like the above cause IMS to pass the terminal identifier to RACF during
/SIGN ON processing. If the TERMINAL class is active, RACF performs terminal
authorization checking to ensure that the user is authorized to sign on to that
terminal. For a complete description of setting protection for terminals, see
Protecting Terminals on page 235.
Authorization to IMS/ESA Control Region Resources

IMS control region resources, such as program specification blocks, transaction
names, and logical terminal names, are accessible to programs operating in
dependent regions. To MVS, these dependent regions are normal MVS jobs, and
they can be initiated through the MVS job entry subsystem by anyone. Thus, a
person who is not authorized to access a database through a RACF-protected IMS
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IMS
transaction could access it through a batch message processing region by putting
the proper values in the EXECUTE statement for the BMP.
The application authorization security or resource access security facility of IMS can
use RACF to provide additional control of who can access the resources of the
control region through dependent regions. The vehicle through which this is done in
IMS is the application group name (AGN).
Defining Application Group Names for IMS

Application group names are defined to IMS through the security maintenance
utility. They can be used with or without RACF. If RACF is not used, you must use
an installation exit routine to authorize access to control region resources by
dependent regions. The supplied installation exit routine denies all access with
resource access control active.
When IMS resource access security is implemented using RACF, both IMS and
RACF must be aware of the resource names. You must define profiles in a RACF
general resource class named Axxx, where Axxx is derived from the RCLASS=xxx
value of the IMSCTRL macro. The default value is AIMS. IMS does not use this
facility until told to do so through the system generation process and a start of IMS.
To define the application group names (AGNs) to RACF, issue the RACF RDEFINE,
PERMIT, and SETROPTS commands as with other resource classes:
RDEFINE Axxx (list-of-agnames) OWNER(IMSADMIN) UACC(NONE)
PERMIT agname-1 CLASS(Axxx) ID(appropriate-users-or-groups) ACCESS(READ)
PERMIT agname-2 CLASS(Axxx) ID(appropriate-users-or-groups) ACCESS(READ)
SETROPTS CLASSACT(Axxx)
Requesting Authorization Checking

To cause IMS to request authorization checking during dependent region
initialization, you must code the RACFAGN operand in the SECURITY macro for
the IMS system generation. You code it in the TYPE=(RACFAGN,,) statement.
There is no capability to allow the master terminal operator to override this option
(as there is, for example, in other options in the SECLVL statement.) The
RACFAGN statement causes the inclusion of the call to RACF and conditions the
job control language for the control region to have the value ISIS=1 in the
EXECUTE statement for it. The ISIS=1 specification indicates that RACF is to be
used for resource access security. ISIS=2 says use the resource access exit routine
written by the installation. ISIS=0 says do not use resource access security.
Again, the master terminal operator cannot override these values during a restart of
the system. However, they can be affected by the RGSUF option in the IMS
EXECUTE statement.
Note: Before activating resource access security with RACF, it is important to note
that all dependent region job control language is affected by this feature. If
you start IMS control regions as batch jobs, all job statements must contain
valid RACF-defined user IDs.If you use surrogate or propagated batch job
submission, you can define these user IDs as protected user IDs (see Using
Protected User IDs for Batch Jobs on page 474), or you must supply current
passwords on all job statements. If you choose to supply passwords, you
may define these users to RACF with passwords that never expire. For this
reason, IMS supplies a DDNAME, IMSJOBS, whose data set should be
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IMS
RACF-protected with a UACC of NONE, and the user ID associated with the
IMS started procedure should be in the access list with at least READ
permission.
In addition to this, the EXECUTE statements for the dependent regions must
specify the IMSID of the control region (IMSCTRL macro), the application
group name (defined to RACF and in the security matrix), and, for batch
message processing regions, the names of the resources to be accessed by
this region.
You must run the security maintenance utility to assign control region resource
names to a given application group name.
For message processing regions, the EXECUTE operands include only the control
region name and the application group name. For example:
If a message processing region tries to schedule a transaction that is not in the
)(AGN agname-2
AGTRAN ALL
AGLTERM lterm-n
Figure 44. Message Processing (MPP) Example
application group name for that region, the scheduling fails.

For batch message processing regions, the EXECUTE operands include the control
region name, the application group name, and the names of the transaction, the
program specification block, and the logical terminal that the program wishes to
use. For example:
)(AGN agname-1
AGPSB psb-1
AGPSB psb-2
AGPSB psb-n
AGTRAN tran-1
AGTRAN tran-n
AGLTERM lterm-1
AGLTERM lterm-n
Figure 45. Batch Message Processing (BMP) Example
The Checking Process

The checking process is a two-step process. The first check involves RACF. The
second does not.
1. Each dependent region running as a batch job has a user ID associated with it.
During dependent region initialization, IMS performs a RACF authorization
check to see whether the user can use the application group name. IMS
performs this check using the RACF class name (Axxx) and the name of the
AGN passed to it in the EXEC statement parameter list. If the user is not
allowed to use the application group name, RACF returns a not authorized
return code, and IMS does not allow the dependent region to connect. If RACF
returns an authorized return code, the connection is made.
For the dependent region to make the connection to the control region, the JOB
statements that start the dependent region must have a valid user ID and a
current password for the user. To prevent unauthorized disclosure of the
passwords in these JOB statements, an IMS system data set has been included
in the procedures that bring up the IMS control region. This data set is
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IMS
represented by the IMSJOBS DD name. It should be RACF-protected, and the
IMS started procedure name should be in the access list with READ access. No
one should have access to this data set as a matter of course. When the data
set must be changed, RACF commands can be used to allow update access to
it. The access authorization can then be revoked after the data set has been
updated.
2. The second part of the two-step process is an IMS function only. IMS checks
the name of the transaction or PSB or logical terminal that is being requested
by the dependent region against the entries in the security matrix and allows or
disallows use depending on whether the name is in the entry for the application
group name.
For message processing regions, application resource security is somewhat like
class scheduling in that transactions can be scheduled only in regions whose
application group name allows them.
For batch message processing regions, this level of control prevents
unauthorized users from starting an MVS job that can access the resources
defined in the control region.
Summary
You can enhance the security and integrity features of IMS to a significant degree
by using RACF.
Any security mechanism is only as good as the management control of the people
who use the system. IMS and RACF provide the tools to enhance control of a
critical resource. It is managements responsibility to see that the controls that are
implemented are working the way they are supposed to work, and that variances
are reported to and acted on by management.
In this regard, RACF, with its lists of users and lists of resources, allows
management to delegate the authority to the owners of these entities in such a way
as to maintain the separation of duties while maintaining a flexible, responsive
access control strategy.
In order to be effective, access control must allow management to adopt the
principle of least possible privilege for those resources that are deemed to be
highly sensitive. This principle says that access to these resources is controlled in
such a way that permission to use them is restricted to just those people whose
normal duties require their use. Any unusual use of the resource should be
approved by an administrator or manager, as well as the owner of the resource.
The delegation mechanism in RACF and the easy, nontechnical commands that
change the relationship of a user to a resource mean that adopting the principle of
least possible privilege need not be burdensome nor inflexible when unusual
circumstances dictate that access permission should be changed. When an
unforeseen circumstance requires a change in access privilege, the change can be
made by a nontechnical person with access to a TSO terminal, and management
can be alerted to review the fact that the change was made.
Through the use of RACF, the security functions of IMS can move out of the highly
centralized environment required previously and into a more flexible, responsive,
and secure environment.
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Chapter 17. Providing Security for JES

Planning for Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How JES and RACF Work Together. . . . . . . . . . .
Defining JES as a RACF Started Procedure . . . . . . . .
Forcing Batch Users to Identify Themselves to RACF . . . .
Support for Execution Batch Monitor (XBM) (JES2 Only) . . .
Defining and Grouping Operators. . . . . . . . . . . .
JES User ID Early Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User ID Propagation When Jobs Are Submitted . . . . . .
Allowing Surrogate Job Submission . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling User ID Propagation in a Local Environment . .
Using Protected User IDs for Batch Jobs . . . . . . . . .
Propagating Protected User IDs . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Protected User IDs for Surrogate Job Submission . .
Where NJE Jobs Are Verified . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How SYSOUT Requests Are Verified . . . . . . . . . .
Security Labels for JES Resources . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to Data Sets JES Uses . . . . . . . .
Controlling Input to Your System . . . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Validates Users . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Propagating Security Information . . . . . . . . . .
Propagating Security Information across a Network . . .
Controlling the Use of Job Names . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Who Can Submit Jobs by Job Name . . . .
Controlling Who Can Cancel Jobs by Job Name . . . .
Allowing a TSO User to CANCEL All Jobs Originating from
Surrogate Job Submission . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing the Use of Input Sources . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Network Jobs and SYSOUT (NJE) . . . . . . .
Authorizing Inbound Work . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding NODES Profiles . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up NODES Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding Mixed Security Environments . . . . .
Authorizing Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling User ID Propagation in an NJE Environment .
Using Submitter Information During Job Verification . . .
Authorizing SYSOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Validating SYSOUT Based on the Submitter. . . . . .
Translating Security Information . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding Default User IDs . . . . . . . . . .
How JES Sends Security Information . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles in the NODES Class . . . . . . . .
Defining Nodes as Local Input Sources . . . . . . .
Authorizing Outbound Work . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Security Labels to Control Writers . . . . . . .
Controlling Access to Spool Data . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Data Sets on Spools . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles for SYSIN and SYSOUT Data Sets . . .
Letting Users Create Their Own JESSPOOL Profiles . . .
Protecting JESNEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting JESNEWS for JES2 . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting JESNEWS for JES3 . . . . . . . . . .
Protecting Trace Data Sets (JES2 Only) . . . . . . . .
Protecting SYSLOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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500
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501
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Spool Offload Considerations (JES2 Only) . . . .
Offloading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reloading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Affects Jobs Dumped from and Restored
Dumping Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restoring Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Console Access . . . . . . . . . .
MCS Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Remote Workstations (RJP/RJE Consoles) . . . .
JES3 Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling Where Output Can Be Processed . . . .
Authorizing the Use of Your Installations Printers . . .
Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands . . . .
Commands from RJE Work Stations . . . . . .
Commands from NJE Nodes . . . . . . . . .
Who Authorizes Commands When RACF Is Active .
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to Spool
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You can use JES initialization statements, JES installation exits, RACF, or any other
functionally equivalent program to provide security for JES.
This chapter describes how to use RACF to provide security for JES. In this
chapter, the term JES refers to both JES2 and JES3, except when there is a
difference between the two.
Planning for Security

You and your JES system programmer should develop a security plan for JES.
Together, you should determine which resources you want to protect and decide
who should have access to those resources. Your security plan should address
questions such as:
v What resources must I protect?
v Should I restrict jobs and users from certain information depending on criteria
such as security labels?
v Should I limit the job names users can submit or cancel?
v Is it important to protect SYSIN and SYSOUT?
v Which remote workstations should access my system?
Can other nodes submit jobs to my system?
To which nodes should I allow my system to send data?
Should I limit the commands an operator can use?
Do I want to restrict the consoles an operator can use to enter certain
commands?
v What commands should I allow jobs, workstations, and nodes to submit to my
system?
v Do I want only selected output devices to process particular output?
v Should the security label of the output appear on the header pages?
v
v
v
v
You must gather a great deal of information from your JES system programmer
about specific resources and access requirements. If JES2 is installed on your
system, the JES system programmer should use z/OS JES2 Initialization and
Tuning Guide.
If JES3 is installed on your system, the JES system programmer should use z/OS
JES3 Initialization and Tuning Guide.
468
JES
How JES and RACF Work Together

JES requests RACF services by issuing the RACROUTE macro. The MVS system
authorization facility (SAF) handles the RACROUTE macro invocation. If RACF is
installed, SAF passes the security information specified by JES on the RACROUTE
macro invocation to RACF. RACF evaluates the security information and returns the
results of that evaluation to JES. JES then enforces the results of the security
check, such as permitting or denying access to a data set, or allowing a job to
execute.
Your JES system programmer can use JES2 macros to place additional calls to
SAF in JES installation exits. See z/OS JES3 Customization or z/OS JES2 Macros
and z/OS JES2 Installation Exits.
JES Code That Can Bypass RACF Protection

Your installation can use JES initialization statements and JES installation
exits to provide protection and, in some cases, to bypass RACF protection.
For more information, see z/OS JES2 Initialization and Tuning Guide or z/OS
JES3 Initialization and Tuning Guide.
Defining JES as a RACF Started Procedure

For performance and ease of migration, JES should be defined as a started
procedure with the trusted attribute when RACF is installed.
1. Ask your JES system programmer for the name of your JES started procedure.
2. Verify that the name of your JES started procedure exists as one of the
following:
v An entry in the STARTED class. If it is not defined, you need to create one.
For example, if the name of your started procedure is JES2, issue:
SETROPTS GENERIC(STARTED)
RDEFINE STARTED JES2.* STDATA(USER(jes-userid) TRUSTED(YES))
Be sure to refresh the class after you create the entry. Issue:
SETROPTS RACLIST STARTED REFRESH
Note: This is the preferred method.

v An entry in the RACF started procedures table (module ICHRIN03). If none is
defined, create an entry for JES.
In either case, be sure that JES has the trusted attribute.
3. Create a user profile for the JES started procedure:
|
|
|
|
ADDUSER jes-userid
DATA(JES started procedure)
NOPASSWORD
DFLTGRP(appropriate-group)
For more information on adding a started procedure, see Using Started

Procedures on page 143 and z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers
Guide.
469
JES
Forcing Batch Users to Identify Themselves to RACF

To prevent unauthorized users from running batch jobs, you can require all batch
jobs to have RACF identification. To do this, enter the following:
SETROPTS JES(BATCHALLRACF)
When you specify BATCHALLRACF, any batch job that does not have a
RACF-defined user specified on the USER parameter of the JOB statement, or
propagated security information associated with it, fails.
Specifying NOBATCHALLRACF allows such jobs to run.
Support for Execution Batch Monitor (XBM) (JES2 Only)

Execution batch monitor (XBM) jobs are processed in the same way as normal
batch jobs. To require all XBM jobs to have RACF identification, enter:
SETROPTS JES(XBMALLRACF)
With this operand in effect, any XBM job that does not have a RACF-defined user
ID and password on the JOB statement, or propagated RACF identification
associated with it, fails.
Specifying NOXBMALLRACF allows XBM jobs to run without RACF user IDs.
Note: On systems with the XBMALLRACF operand in effect, the BATCHALLRACF
operand controls batch jobs other than jobs that run under an execution
batch monitor (XBM).
Defining and Grouping Operators

Your security plan may require that system programmers and operators at your
installation be defined to RACF. To improve accountability, you should create user
profiles for any persons who:
v Issue JES commands
v Enter commands from an MCS-managed console
v Update system data sets that JES uses
You can organize your installations support personnel, particularly operators, into
groups that are responsible for a particular area. For example, you may want to
group your installations support personnel by shift, functional area, or both.
To identify and group your installations support personnel, you should:
v List the user IDs of all of the system programmers and operators at your
installation
v Group any of the user IDs together if they:
Perform similar tasks
Work on the same shift
Are responsible for the same area
If you decide to combine users into groups, you must:
Record all of the user IDs in the group
Describe why the users were grouped together
Assign a unique name to the group
470
JES
You should keep a record of user IDs and group name handy for use in securing
other system resources such as spool data, console access, and commands as well
as for updating groups in the future.
JES User ID Early Verification

Early verification is always done, even if the SETROPTS command has been
issued with JES(NOEARLYVERIFY) specified.
User ID Propagation When Jobs Are Submitted

For each previously-validated RACF user who submits a batch job to JES through a
JES internal reader, SAF propagates the following security information to the batch
job:
v If USER is not specified on the JOB statement, the current RACF user ID is
used.
v If PASSWORD is not specified on the JOB statement, the current user password
is not required if the submitter propagates.
v If SECLABEL is not specified on the JOB statement, the submitters current
security label is used.
Note: If GROUP is not specified on the JOB statement, the default connect group
is used from the user profile of the user used for the job.
This has the following advantages:
v It reduces the possible exposure of security information (especially passwords)
stored in clear text in JCL.
v It reduces administrative overhead of maintaining RACF user IDs, passwords,
and security labels in the JOB statements for all batch jobs.
As a result, a TSO user, for example, is not required to specify this security
information for each job submitted.
Note: You can prevent user ID propagation for specific users. See Controlling
User ID Propagation in a Local Environment on page 473.
Allowing Surrogate Job Submission

You can allow the use of surrogate users. A surrogate user is a RACF-defined user
who has been authorized to submit jobs on behalf of another user (the execution
user) without specifying the execution users password. Jobs submitted by the
surrogate user run with the identity of the execution user. For example, if user JOE
submits a job with the following JOB statement, JOE is the surrogate user and TOM
is the execution user:
//jobname JOB
accounting-information,USER=TOM
All access checks are done with TOMs user ID. Any auditing records produced by
RACF because of the surrogate jobs actions include the information that the job is
a surrogate job (unless the PASSWORD parameter is specified on the JOB
statement).
471
JES
Attention
A user should not allow another user to act as surrogate user unless the
surrogate user can be trusted as much as the execution user is trusted. This
is because the surrogate user can do anything the execution user can do
(unless the surrogate user lacks access to a security label that protects a
resource). For example, the surrogate user can submit a job to copy, alter, or
delete the execution users data.
The surrogate user must specify the execution users user ID on the USER
parameter on the JOB statement and must not specify a password. If the
PASSWORD parameter is specified with a password, surrogate processing is not
performed, and audit records generated by the jobs activities do not indicate that
the job is a surrogate job. This applies not only to jobs submitted through the TSO
SUBMIT command, but any time the submitter is a RACF-defined user.
Note: If the SECLABEL class is active, and the SETROPTS MLS option is in
effect, the security label that the job runs under must be equal to or greater
than the current security label of the submitter, and the submitter must have
READ access authority to the security label under which the job runs. After
job verification is complete, a job submitted by a surrogate user runs as
though the execution user had submitted the job. If a SECLABEL is not
specified, the surrogate users job gets the surrogates default SECLABEL,
not the default SECLABEL of the execution user.
To allow surrogate users, do the following:
1. Ensure that the installation exit for the TSO SUBMIT command (IKJEFF10)
does not prevent users from submitting jobs with job names that do not match
their user IDs. The installation exit supplied by IBM meets this requirement,
because it does not check the JCL of submitted jobs. For more information, see
z/OS TSO/E Customization.
2. If your installation implemented the sample ICHRTX00 exit from SYS1.SAMPLIB
member RACINSTL to enable surrogate user processing, you should migrate to
profiles in the SURROGAT class. After RACF is installed, the code in the
ICHRTX00 exit that checks $SUBMIT.userid profiles is not used. You should
copy the $SUBMIT.userid profiles to SURROGAT profiles as follows:
RDEFINE SURROGAT execution-userid.SUBMIT
FROM($SUBMIT.execution-userid) FCLASS(FACILITY)
3. Define resource profiles in the SURROGAT class for each execution user who
needs to allow others to be surrogate users:
RDEFINE SURROGAT execution-userid.SUBMIT UACC(NONE) OWNER(execution-userid)
Note: Specifying the OWNER operand allows the execution user to issue the
PERMIT command for this profile.
4. To specify that another user can act as the surrogate for an execution user, give
the surrogate user READ access authority:
PERMIT execution-userid.SUBMIT CLASS(SURROGAT) ID(surrogate-userid) ACCESS(READ)
Only users and groups that have READ access authority are allowed to submit
jobs on behalf of another user.
To check whether a user can submit jobs for another user, make sure the user
(or a group the user is a member of) is in the access list with READ access
authority:
472
JES
RLIST SURROGAT execution-userid.SUBMIT AUTHUSER
5. When you are ready to control access using the SURROGAT profiles, activate
the SURROGAT class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(SURROGAT)
To turn off surrogate support for a particular user, delete the profile for that
user. To turn off surrogate support for all users, deactivate the SURROGAT
class.
NJE Notes:
The node in which SURROGAT checking occurs depends on the

job statements (see Where NJE Jobs Are Verified on page 474).
For verification done on the receiving node, the SURROGAT
checking is done after any translation due to NODES profiles (see
Understanding NODES Profiles on page 483).
If the submitter of a job is a started procedure, the execution node is not checked
during SURROGAT processing.
Controlling User ID Propagation in a Local Environment

In some environments, such as CICS, jobs submitted without the USER operand
specified on the JOB statement run under a user ID other than the user submitting
the job. For example, if a user running under CICS submits a batch job without
specifying a user ID on the JOB statement, the job runs under the CICS user ID
and has the access authorities of the CICS user ID.
You can prevent the CICS user ID from being propagated to these batch jobs by
defining a profile whose name is the CICS user ID. Follow these steps:
1. Define a profile in the PROPCNTL class where the profile name is the user ID
that is not to be propagated (in this case, user ID CICS1 is not to be
propagated):
RDEFINE PROPCNTL CICS1
2. Activate the PROPCNTL class:

SETROPTS CLASSACT(PROPCNTL)
3. Issue the SETROPTS command with the RACLIST operand to activate

SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the PROPCNTL class:
SETROPTS RACLIST(PROPCNTL)
If you do not activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the PROPCNTL

class, RACF ignores the profiles you create in this class.
The above sequence of commands eliminates user ID propagation of the user ID
CICS1.
Notes:
1. For a profile in the PROPCNTL class, RACF checks only for the presence or
absence of a profile in this class. If a profile exists for a particular user ID, user
ID propagation does not occur for that user ID.
2. RACF performs no logging and issues no messages for profiles in the
PROPCNTL class.
3. PROPCNTL profiles only control propagation for local jobs. If the installation
uses &RACLNDE for its remote nodes, only the PROPCNTL profiles are
necessary. For more information on the use of &RACLNDE, see Defining
Nodes as Local Input Sources on page 499. If the installation uses NODES
profiles, it must also use them to control propagation (see Controlling User ID
Propagation in an NJE Environment on page 490).
473
JES
4. If you have controlled a user ID using the PROPCNTL class, and that user
wants to submit a batch job to run from that user ID, the JOB statement must
contain both the user ID and proper password. For example, if user A submits a
job with USER=A, PASSWORD=password must also be specified.
However, if a different user wants to submit a job using the controlled user ID,
that user may either specify the user ID and password as above, or may use
the facilities provided by the SURROGAT class and just specify the user ID. For
example, if you controlled user A using the PROPCNTL class, user B could
submit a job, specifying only USER=A with the appropriate SURROGAT
authorization.
Using Protected User IDs for Batch Jobs

You can define the user IDs associated with batch jobs as protected user IDs. This
will prevent them from being revoked through inadvertent or malicious incorrect
password attempts, or from being used for another purpose where a password is
normally supplied, such as logging on to the system. See Defining Protected User
IDs on page 87 for information on implementing protected user IDs.
In order to execute a batch job using a protected user ID, you must submit the job
through a means that does not require a password, such as through user ID
propagation or surrogate job submission. Jobs that are submitted with USER= and
PASSWORD= specified on the JOB statement can not be associated with protected
user IDs.
Propagating Protected User IDs

If a started procedure or job executes with a protected user ID (for example,
USERA) and user ID propagation is enabled for USERA, any job submitted by
USERA that does not have USER= specified on the job statement will execute with a
protected user ID, USERA.
See Assigning RACF User IDs to Started Procedures on page 143 for information
on using protected user IDs for started procedures.
Using Protected User IDs for Surrogate Job Submission

Surrogate user IDs and execution user IDs can be defined as protected user IDs. A
started procedure or job that executes with a protected user ID can be authorized to
submit jobs that have USER= specified on the job statements. The execution user
IDs associated with the submitted jobs may also be defined as protected at your
option.
A started procedure or job that does not execute with a protected user ID can be
authorized to submit jobs that execute with protected user IDs.
Where NJE Jobs Are Verified

The following is a simple network showing the path of a job.
Submitting
node
474
JOB
Store and
forward
node
JOB
Execution
node
JES
User verification for NJE jobs normally is done at the execution node. However,
RACF authorization checking may occur additionally at the submitting node,
depending on the following:
v Those jobs sent using the JES2 /*ROUTE XEQ statement or /*XEQ statement
are verified at the execution node only.
v Those jobs sent using the JES2 /*XMIT statement or the JES3 //*ROUTE XEQ or
//XMIT statement have their first JOB statement verified at the submitting node
and their second JOB statement verified at the execution node.
Submitter information is propagated from trusted nodes. The submitter information
is:
v The token for a verified first job card
v The original submitters token if the job was submitted from an internal reader
v The unknown user token if the job was submitted from a physical reader
v NJE header information (no token available) if the job was submitted from a
downlevel node
Whether a job is accepted is based on a combination of the submitters ID, group,
or security label. Whether security information is propagated and translated is
based on the submitters ID (as taken from above). Job acceptance and translation
is done using profiles in the NODES class. RACF finds the best fit among the
profiles in the NODES class and uses the information specified in the UACC and
ADDMEM information.
For more information, refer to Authorizing Network Jobs and SYSOUT (NJE) on
page 482.
How SYSOUT Requests Are Verified

The following is a simple network showing the path of a job:
Submitting
node
JOB
Execution
node
SYSOUT
Printing
node
For inbound SYSOUT, user verification occurs at the printing node instead of the
submitting node (as it can for inbound jobs). On the printing node, RACF
authorization checking occurs in the NODES class, as it does for inbound jobs.
RACF finds the best fit among the profiles in the NODES class and uses the
information specified in the UACC and ADDMEM information.
Whether the SYSOUT is accepted is based on a combination of the owners ID,
group, or security label. Whether the security information is accepted and translated
is based on the owners ID taken from:
v The job token from the NJE header as verified at the executing node
v If no token is available (SYSOUT is from a downlevel node), the owner is
considered to be the NJE undefined user as defined by:
SETROPTS(JES(NJEUSERID(userid)))
In addition, if &SUSER (submitting user) is specified on the ADDMEM operand, the

submitter can be used as the owner if one of the following is also true:
475
JES
v The submitting node is defined as a local node in the &RACLNDE profile in the
RACFVARS class. In this case, the submitting user and group are used as the
SYSOUT owner values and are unchanged (no translation).
v The NODES profile that matches is the profile named submittingnode.USERS.submitter and UACC(CONTROL) is specified.
If there is a translate value, but it is not &SUSER, the SYSOUT owner user ID is
the translate value. If it is &SUSER, the owner is the unchanged submitter user
ID. In addition, a look-up is done for the NODES profile that matches the form
submit-node.GROUPS.submit-group. If this profile has an ADDMEM translate
value, that value is used as the SYSOUT owner group. Otherwise, the
unchanged submit group is used. The UACC for this profile does not matter.
Security Labels for JES Resources

When your installation uses security labels, each protected JES resource can have
a security label associated with it. For spooled data sets, JES maintains the security
label with the data set itself (not in a RACF profile). For other resources like
consoles and DASD data sets, RACF maintains the security label in the resource
profile that protects the resource.
Note: Security labels should be consistent throughout a JES complex to prevent
information from being declassified. For more information about security labels, see
Chapter 4, Classifying Users and Data, on page 95. For details, see z/OS
Controlling Access to Data Sets JES Uses

The JES spool and checkpoint data sets are critical for proper operation of your
JES system. It is critical that JES be the only user that can update the information
in these data sets. However, a limited group of users must be able to re-create the
spool and checkpoint data sets (should the data set become unusable because of
hardware problems). Also, restrict access to the data set that contains the modules
that JES uses. Make sure profiles exist for any data sets you might use for JES2
checkpoint reconfiguration.
You can define data set profiles to protect the system data sets that JES uses to
control its own processing. Protecting your installations system data sets prevents
unauthorized users or jobs from accessing, modifying, or destroying critical system
data.
The JES system programmer should supply you with the following information for
each data set to be protected:
v The name of the data set
v The universal access authority to be associated with the data set
v The security label to be associated with the data set (if labels are being used)
v Whether audit records should be generated:
Each time the data is accessed
When an unauthorized attempt is made to access the data set
When an authorized attempt is made to access the data set
Make sure to define JES as a started procedure with the trusted attribute. See
Defining JES as a RACF Started Procedure on page 469.
476
JES
Controlling Input to Your System

You can use RACF to ensure that jobs entering your JES system are authorized for
processing. JES carries security information about the submitter of a job internally
and invokes the services of RACF at key points during JES processing, such as
when a job enters the system through a TSO SUBMIT command or through a
device reader.
You can protect several job entry resources including the use of job names and
sources of job entry such as internal readers, device readers, RJP, RJE, and
network nodes. This section describes how RACF validates users, how to control
the use of job names, and how to control the use of input sources. Authorizing
Network Jobs and SYSOUT (NJE) on page 482 provides a separate discussion of
how to control security for inbound and outbound network jobs and SYSOUT.
How RACF Validates Users

When RACF is active, RACF ensures that the jobs password, user ID, group name,
and security label are valid before allowing the job to be processed. If security
labels are being used, JES obtains the label from the job card. If the job card does
not specify a label, RACF obtains the security label from the RACF profile
associated with that jobs user ID. If no security label exists in the RACF profile, the
job is automatically assigned a security label of SYSLOW.
The extent to which RACF performs user validation for jobs entering the system
through NJE nodes depends on the universal access authority assigned to that
node. Authorizing Network Jobs and SYSOUT (NJE) on page 482 lists those
values and their effects on user validation.
You can allow the setting up of surrogate users. A surrogate user is a user who
submits jobs on behalf of another user.
Surrogate job submission allows a user to submit jobs on behalf of another user
without having to specify the original users password. Jobs submitted by a
surrogate user execute with the identity of the original user. Although the surrogate
user does not have to provide the password of the original user, RACF ensures that
the jobs security label overrides the surrogates security label and that the original
user is authorized to use the security label associated with the job. For additional
information about defining surrogate job submission, see Surrogate Job
Submission on page 481.
Propagating Security Information

If RACF is active and a job enters the system with some or all security information
missing, SAF propagates the submitters security information to the job. For
example, if JOB1 submits JOB2, and JOB2 does not have SECLABEL= specified
on the JOB JCL statement, SAF passes the value of SECLABEL= from JOB1s
JOB statement to JOB2.
Any user in a currently active session (for example, TSO or an executing batch job)
can have SAF propagate the security information associated with the session by
omitting the information on the JOB statement for the job. If SAF cannot determine
the group or security label information from the current session, SAF uses the
default information in the RACF profile. However, SAF does not propagate security
information to a job that enters the system from an RJE work station or a physical
card reader.
477
JES
Propagating Security Information across a Network

To allow users to submit jobs without specifying security information such as a user
ID, JES propagates the submitters security information when the information is
omitted. For example, you can have users omit their password from their job
statements if you do not want to send passwords through the network. Propagation
also occurs when you use the /*XMIT card to transmit a job to another node in the
network. In this case, SAF passes the information that appears in the first JOB
statement to the JOB statement that follows the /*XMIT card.
If SAF is unable to verify the security information on the first JOB statement:
v If a TSO user submitted the job, SAF passes the TSO users security information
to the second JOB statement.
v If the job entered the system through a local card reader, SAF uses a default
user ID for propagation purposes. (For information about the default user ID, see
Understanding Default User IDs on page 497.)
How JES Sends Security Information on page 498 describes what security
information RACF propagates for NJE jobs.
Controlling the Use of Job Names

You can use profiles in the JESJOBS class to control which job names users can
submit or cancel.
Because most installations have many jobs and users, it might not be practical to
define all of the profiles needed to authorize every job name. A more reasonable
approach would be to restrict the use of only certain job names.
You can specify which job names can be entered from a specific device. For more
information, see Conditional Access Lists for General Resource Profiles on page
205 and the note in step 4 on page 479.
Notes:
1. TSO installation exit IKJEFF53 must be modified to become a dummy exit when
the JESJOBS class is active. See z/OS TSO/E Customization for specific
information.
2. At least one generic profile with a universal access of READ is required for the
TSO SUBMIT command when the JESJOBS class is active. A generic profile is
not required for the TSO CANCEL command. However, without a generic
profile, only the owner of a job or those granted access through RACF profiles
can use the CANCEL command on data sets associated with that job.
3. The JESJOBS class does not apply to jobs submitted via RJE/RJP consoles.
Refer to Remote Workstations (RJP/RJE Consoles) on page 508.
Controlling Who Can Submit Jobs by Job Name

To control who can submit jobs by job name, take the following steps:
1. Ask your TSO system programmer to ensure that TSO installation exit
IKJEFF53 checks if the JESSPOOL or JESJOBS class is active, and if either is
active, returns to the caller with no action. For specific information, see z/OS
TSO/E Customization.
Note: SYS1.SAMPLIB contains a sample of such an exit.
2. Define at least one profile with a universal access of READ to allow users to
submit jobs when the JESJOBS class is activated:
RDEFINE JESJOBS ** UACC(READ)
478
JES
Note: This example assumes that a SETROPTS GENERIC(JESJOBS) was
previously issued to turn generics on for this class and that a
SETROPTS REFRESH was then done.
3. Define profiles with UACC(NONE) for the job names you want to protect.
RDEFINE JESJOBS SUBMIT.nodename.jobname.userid UACC(NONE)
where:
nodename
is your local node name.

Note: It is recommended that you define a profile in the
RACFVARS class named &RACLNDE, and use
&RACLNDE for all profiles in the JESJOBS class.
jobname
is the name of the job specified on the JOB statement.
userid
is the user ID under which the job is to execute (either the

USER operand on the JOB statement or the propagated user
ID).
For example, the following command would prevent any user from submitting
jobs whose job names begin with PAYROLL.
RDEFINE JESJOBS SUBMIT.*.PAYROLL*.* UACC(NONE)
4. To allow users to submit jobs protected by the profile, give them READ access
authority:
PERMIT SUBMIT.*.PAYROLL*.* CLASS(JESJOBS) ID(PAYGROUP) ACCESS(READ)
Note: By denying a user sufficient access to a SUBMIT profile, you can prevent
that user from submitting jobs protected by the profile even if that user
knows the password or is an authorized surrogate user.
For example, the following profile would prevent jobs from being
submitted with USER01 as the user ID:
RDEFINE JESJOBS SUBMIT.*.*.USER01 UACC(NONE)
You can also provide conditional access to the job name, depending on
the class and ID of the port of entry (POE) associated with the submitter
of the job. The class name you would use is determined by what the
submitter is. For a regular submission from a TSO logon session, the
submitters POE is a terminal ID and the class name is TERMINAL. The
submitters POE can also be a JESINPUT device when the submitter of
the job is another job.
Making use of the job name conditional on the JESINPUT device is not
recommended because this is very much dependent on what type of job
was submitted. If the submitting job is a local job, its JESINPUT POE
would be an internal reader, a local card reader, or an RJE reader.
However, if the submitting job is an NJE job (for example, from another
JES node), its JESINPUT POE would be the node name. This
uncertainty can make the use of WHEN(JESINPUT) for the JESJOBS
class difficult. Therefore, you should be careful if you decide to use it.
For example, you can allow a user to submit a job only from a certain
terminal ID by specifying the WHEN(TERMINAL) operand on the
PERMIT command as follows:
PERMIT SUBMIT.*.PAYROLL*.* CLASS(JESJOBS) ID(USER01)
ACCESS(READ) WHEN(TERMINAL(terminal-ID))
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where terminal-ID is the terminal to which the submitter is logged on.
5. When you are ready to use the JESJOBS class to control who can submit jobs,
activate the JESJOBS class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(JESJOBS)
Note: If you activate this class and create no profiles for it, users cannot submit
batch jobs.
Controlling Who Can Cancel Jobs by Job Name

Users are always authorized to cancel jobs that they have submitted. Using RACF,
you can control who can use the TSO CANCEL command to cancel jobs,
depending on the job names. To do this, take the following steps:
1. Ask your TSO system programmer to change TSO installation exit IKJEFF53 to
become a dummy exit. For specific information, see z/OS TSO/E Customization.
2. Define profiles for the job names you want to protect:
RDEFINE JESJOBS CANCEL.nodename.userid.jobname UACC(NONE)
Note: The qualifiers for CANCEL profiles have the same meaning as for
SUBMIT profiles. However, the jobname and userid qualifiers are
reversed in CANCEL and SUBMIT profiles. This is because of the
expected use of the profiles:
v It is likely that many users would submit jobs having common job
names, with certain exceptions. For example, the following profiles
would allow many users to submit jobs whose names begin with
PAYROLL, except when those jobs run with BENs authority:
RDEFINE JESJOBS SUBMIT.*.PAYROLL*.*
UACC(READ)
RDEFINE JESJOBS SUBMIT.*.PAYROLL*.BEN UACC(NONE)
v It is likely that one user would give another the authority to cancel all
of the first users jobs, with certain exceptions. For example, the
following profiles would allow JOE the authority to cancel BENs jobs,
except for his PAYROLL jobs:
RDEFINE JESJOBS CANCEL.*.BEN.* UACC(NONE)
PERMIT CANCEL.*.BEN.* CLASS(JESJOBS) ID(JOE) ACCESS(ALTER)
RDEFINE JESJOBS CANCEL.*.BEN.PAYROLL* UACC(NONE)
v These examples assume that a SETROPTS GENERIC(JESJOBS)

was previously issued to turn generics on for this class and that a
PERMIT CANCEL.*.*.PAYROLL* CLASS(JESJOBS) ID(PAYGROUP) ACCESS(ALTER)
Users must have ALTER access authority to issue the CANCEL command for
the job.
4. If the JESJOBS class is not already active, activate the JESJOBS class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(JESJOBS)
Allowing a TSO User to CANCEL All Jobs Originating from Local

Nodes
To allow a TSO user to cancel all jobs that originate on nodes you treat as local
nodes, do the following:
1. Define a profile named &RACLNDE in the RACFVARS class, specifying on the
ADDMEM operand which nodes are to be treated as local:
RDEFINE RACFVARS &RACLNDE UACC(NONE) ADDMEM(POKMVS1 POKMVS2)
UACC(NONE) is recommended to protect the &RACLNDE profile itself.
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2. Define a profile in the JESJOBS class as follows:
RDEFINE JESJOBS CANCEL.&RACLNDE.*.* UACC(NONE)
This example assumes that a SETROPTS GENERIC(classname) was

previously issued to turn generics on for this class and that a SETROPTS
REFRESH was then done.
3. Give the appropriate access to the TSO user:
PERMIT CANCEL.&RACLNDE.*.* CLASS(JESJOBS) ID(USER1) ACCESS(ALTER)
If there are any other JESJOBS resources that begin with CANCEL, you may
also need to permit users appropriate access to those.
4. If you have not already done so, activate the JESJOBS and RACFVARS
classes:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(JESJOBS RACFVARS)
5. Refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the RACFVARS class for the
change to take effect:
If, later, you decide that node POKMVS2 should no longer be treated as a local
node, do the following:
RALTER
RACFVARS &RACLNDE DELMEM(POKMVS2)
SETROPTS GENERIC(JESJOBS) REFRESH
Also, be sure to issue the SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH or GENERIC

REFRESH commands for any classes that contain profiles that use the RACFVARS
value affected by your change.
If, later, you decide that USER2 should also be allowed to cancel local jobs, do the
following:
PERMIT
CANCEL.&RACLNDE.*.* CLASS(JESJOBS) ID(USER2) ACCESS(ALTER)
SETROPTS GENERIC(JESJOBS) REFRESH
Surrogate Job Submission

You can allow the use of surrogate users. A surrogate user is a RACF-defined user
who has been authorized to submit jobs on behalf of another user (the original
user) without having to specify the original users password. Jobs submitted by the
surrogate user execute with the identity of the original user. This can be useful
when a person is assuming a production workload for someone going on vacation
or a leave of absence.
For information on setting up surrogate users, see Allowing Surrogate Job
Submission on page 471.
Authorizing the Use of Input Sources

You can use RACF to limit which sources of input are valid for job submission,
including RJP workstations, device readers, nodes, and internal readers. For
example, you might want to prevent certain users from entering jobs from a
particular RJP workstation.
To authorize the submission of work from specific input sources, take the following
steps:
1. Ask your JES system programmer for the following information:
v The name of the device. This is described in the section on authorizing the
use of input sources in z/OS JES2 Initialization and Tuning Guide.
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v The user ID or group name of the users you want to authorize or restrict.
v The universal access authority to associate with each device. Valid access
authorities for input devices are:
NONE
Specifies that the input device can be used only by those

users explicitly permitted through the access list.
READ
Specifies the minimum authority required to use the input

source.
2. Define a profile for each input source, as follows:
RDEFINE JESINPUT source-name UACC(NONE)
3. It is strongly recommended that you create a profile with a UACC of READ for
all JES input sources that are otherwise not defined:
RDEFINE JESINPUT ** UACC(READ)
This example assumes that a SETROPTS GENERIC(JESINPUT) was

If you do not, users can access only JES input sources to which they (or their
groups) are explicitly authorized.
4. For each protected input source, grant access to the users or groups who need
to use it:
PERMIT source-name CLASS(JESINPUT) ID(user-or-group) ACCESS(READ)
5. When you are ready to start using the protection provided by the profiles you
have created, activate the JESINPUT class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(JESINPUT) REFRESH
If you activate this class and create no profiles for it, users cannot submit batch
jobs.
Authorizing Network Jobs and SYSOUT (NJE)

This section contains information about how to use RACF to ensure that all work
entering or leaving your node complies with your installations security policy. You
can control:
v Jobs and data received from other nodes in a network, as long as the inbound
job or data includes a standard NJE header. This includes jobs or data from an
RSCS node.
v The extent of security validation performed at your node.
v Jobs and data destined for other nodes in a network.
JES does not validate work passing through your node on its way to another node
in the network, but it does protect the work from unauthorized access while the
work is temporarily stored on spool at your node.
To provide security for Network Job Entry (NJE), activate the NODES class (for
inbound work) or the WRITER class (for outbound work), and define the profiles
needed to enforce your installations NJE security policy. As with other
RACF-protected resources, you must gather information from your JES system
programmer to define profiles.
Before you request this information, you must first work with your JES system
programmer to decide whether you want to protect inbound work, outbound work, or
both. For inbound work, you must decide whether you want to protect jobs,
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SYSOUT, or both. You must also determine which users and groups of users may
submit work, and the security labels that are valid for processing on your node.
Authorizing Inbound Work

The following list outlines the topics discussed in this section:
v Understanding NODES Profiles explains how the values you select for the
NODES profile determine what type of work and which users or security labels
you want RACF to validate.
v Understanding Mixed Security Environments on page 488 explains how
different levels of JES and RACF affect security processing.
v Authorizing Jobs on page 488 explains how you can use RACF to validate
inbound jobs from other nodes in a network.
v Controlling User ID Propagation in a Local Environment on page 473 explains
how you can use RACF to validate inbound jobs from other nodes in a network
when the installation does not use the NODES profile.
v Using Submitter Information During Job Verification on page 490 explains how
you can use RACF to validate inbound jobs using the submitters security
information from the NJE environment.
v Authorizing SYSOUT on page 491 explains how you can use RACF to validate
inbound job output (SYSOUT) from other nodes in a network.
v Validating SYSOUT Based on the Submitter on page 494 explains how RACF
can be used to validate inbound work using the submitters security information
instead of the owners security information.
v Translating Security Information on page 495 explains how RACF can be used
to replace inbound user IDs, group names, or security labels with locally-defined
values.
v Understanding Default User IDs on page 497 describes how JES handles
security information for work from incompatible nodes and explains how JES
handles security information that belongs to store-and-forward work. This section
also describes how you can use RACF to manipulate default security information.
v How JES Sends Security Information on page 498 explains where JES obtains
missing security information for NJE work.
v Defining Profiles in the NODES Class on page 499 shows you how to set up
the protection defined in the profiles and how to activate not only the NODES
class but also the SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the class.
v Defining Nodes as Local Input Sources on page 499 explains how you can use
RACF to treat SYSOUT from another node as if the SYSOUT originated at the
home node.
Understanding NODES Profiles

You can use profiles in the NODES class to control how RACF validates inbound
work on an NJE network. As with other RACF profiles, a NODES profile consists of
a profile name, a profile class, a universal access authority, and an ADDMEM value.
The profile name is a three-part identifier that indicates the origin of the work and
the type of security information you want to validate. The universal access authority
determines the actions that RACF performs on the inbound work. This information
is described in Table 37 on page 489 and Table 38 on page 493.
Note: Access lists do not apply to NODES class profiles. The ADDMEM value is
used to translate to locally-defined values.
A NODES profile name has the following format:
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nodename.worktype.name
where:
nodename
Is the name of the node from which you expect inbound work. For
jobs, this is the submitting node. For SYSOUT, this is the execution
node.
Notes:
1. If &SUSER is specified as an ADDMEM value in a profile that
controls SYSOUT, a second check is done where nodename is
the submitting node.
2. If &DFLTGRP is specified as an ADDMEM value in a profile that
deals with groups (either jobs or SYSOUT), the users default
group is used.
3. It is recommended that you define a profile in the RACFVARS
class named &RACLNDE, and use &RACLNDE for all nodes
that are considered local to your system. For more information,
see Setting Up NODES Profiles on page 485.
worktype
Is the type of work to be controlled by the profile.

Notice that the last character, J or S, indicates the type of work to
be validated. J indicates jobs; S indicates SYSOUT.
RUSER
Controls commands originating from NJE nodes.

The nodename is used as the name on the third
qualifier.
USERJ
Controls jobs by the user ID specified on the third

qualifier. The job is controlled by who the submitter
is. This type of profile is also used to determine the
amount of trust the job has. For details, see
Understanding Mixed Security Environments on
page 488.
USERS
Controls SYSOUT by the user ID specified on the

third qualifier. The SYSOUT is controlled by who
the owner is. This type of profile is also used to
determine the amount of trust the SYSOUT has.
For details, see Understanding Mixed Security
Environments on page 488.
GROUPJ
Controls jobs by the group name specified on the

third qualifier.
GROUPS
Controls SYSOUT by the group name specified on

the third qualifier.
SECLJ
Controls jobs by the security label specified on the

third qualifier.
SECLS
Controls SYSOUT by the security label specified on

the third qualifier.
For example, a value of USERJ specifies that you want RACF to

use the profile to validate inbound jobs; a value of USERS specifies
that you want RACF to use the profile to validate inbound SYSOUT.
name
484
Is the actual user ID, group name, or security label you want
validated. If you are using NODES profiles to allow the use of these
input values, you must either define these values in your RACF
JES
database or use the ADDMEM operand to translate them into
acceptable values for your system. For jobs, the submitter
information is substituted. For SYSOUT, the owner information is
used. (See Understanding Mixed Security Environments on page
488.)
For example, the following profile controls whether jobs coming from user ID
WAYNE at node BERMUDA can be executed here:
BERMUDA.USERJ.WAYNE
You can optionally associate a local user ID with user ID WAYNE by specifying the
user ID on the ADDMEM operand.
You can specify generic characters in the profile name to control a wider range of
work. For example, if you place an asterisk in place of the nodename value, RACF
performs the requested type of validation for work from all nodes in the network
(unless a more specific profile exists). Examples of generic profiles in the NODES
class are shown later in this chapter. For more information, see Choosing Between
Discrete and Generic Profiles in General Resource Classes on page 198.
If you installed RACF and did not activate the NODES class, JES validates jobs
and SYSOUT in the following manner:
v JES runs only those jobs that are destined for your node and that have a valid
user ID and password on the job card if BATCHALLRACF is active. If
BATCHALLRACF is not active, the job can run without a RACF user ID.
v A security label of SYSHIGH is assigned to all SYSOUT destined for your node
(if security labels are being used) and may be printed only on those devices
permitted to SYSHIGH data. JES assigns the default user ID to this SYSOUT.
For information about default user IDs, see Understanding Default User IDs on
page 497.
v All work destined for another node remains unchanged.
If you choose to activate the NODES class, you must gather information from your
JES system programmer so that you can set up profiles to control the work entering
your system. The following sections identify the appropriate values for each type of
work.
Setting Up NODES Profiles

To set up NODES profiles, you must activate the RACFVARS class first, issue
SETROPTS RACLIST, and, if you are going to define generics, make sure that
SETROPTS GENERIC is active for the RACFVARS class. You should consider the
following approach to setting up NODES profiles:
1. Define a profile for each node for which you wish to control inbound work. (If
you have several nodes that you are treating identically, consider creating
RACFVARS profiles and using the RACF variables in NODES profile names.
This can reduce the number of NODES profiles that you must maintain.)
2. Define a top generic profile to control all work not controlled by more specific
NODES profiles.
3. For each node, define profiles with USERx, SECLx or GROUPx qualifiers only if
you want to:
v Prevent work with the specified user ID, security label, or group name from
entering your node (determined by the UACC of the profile).
v Translate the specified user ID, security label, or group name to a local value
(specify the ADDMEM operand to do this).
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4. Define the local node or nodes in the &RACLNDE profile in the RACFVARS
class. Enter:
RDEFINE RACFVARS &RACLNDE ADDMEM(nodea nodeb...)
In effect, this allows security information to be accepted for verification without

the use of NODES profiles. That is, the information is used as passed because
it is considered local.
For SYSOUT, this allows the owner information to be used without a NODES
lookup, or automatically allows the submitter to become the SYSOUT owner
when &SUSER is used (see How SYSOUT Requests Are Verified on page
475).
For jobs, this allows the special JES2 pre-execution reroute case to use the
information as passed without translation, and allows the spool unload and
reload of jobs to propagate the information automatically without requiring
NODES profiles. See Defining Nodes as Local Input Sources on page 499.
Note: Group names are not propagated when the node is defined to
&RACLNDE The execution-users default group is used.
5. If an inbound job has been submitted as a surrogate job on its originating
system (see Allowing Surrogate Job Submission on page 471), the
PASSWORD parameter is not specified on its JOB statement. Therefore, you
must specify UACC(CONTROL) or higher in the NODES profile controlling such
jobs, or UACC(UPDATE) or higher if the job is from an uplevel node to prevent
requiring password verification (see Understanding Mixed Security
Environments on page 488).
RACSLUNK SECLABEL: RACSLUNK is a special SECLABEL, assigned to
SYSOUT, that is received from another node if the SECLABEL class is active on
the receiving node and the NJE header contains an unknown or blank SECLABEL.
Because the RACSLUNK SECLABEL is not predefined, no one is able to access
the SYSOUT. This situation can be handled in one of two ways:
v Define the RACSLUNK to RACF as a valid SECLABEL and authorize users to
access it.
v Use the NODES class translation facility to translate it to a known SECLABEL.
For an exercise to learn which NODES profiles are used, see Figure 46 on page
487.
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Assume the following profiles:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10a)
(10b)
POKMVS.SECLJ.A
POKMVS.SECLS.A
POKMVS.SECL%.A
POKMVS.USERJ.JOHN
POKMVS.USERS.JOHN
POKMVS.USER%.JOHN
POKMVS.USER%.TOM
POKMVS.USER%.*
POKMVS.*.*
*
*.USERJ.*
ADDMEM(ALPHA)
ADDMEM(ALPHA)
ADDMEM(JOHNNY)
ADDMEM(JOHNNY)
ADDMEM(NONAME)
ADDMEM(X)
UACC(READ)
UACC(READ)
UACC(NONE) /*never used*/
UACC(UPDATE)
UACC(UPDATE)
UACC(NONE) /*never used*/
UACC(NONE)
UACC(UPDATE)
UACC(READ)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
1. If a job is submitted from user JOHN at node POKMVS with SECLABEL A,

profiles (1), (4), and (9) are used.
Profile (4) translates the user ID to JOHNNY.
Profile (9) translates the group name to X (there is no profile with the
GROUP operand.)
Profile (1) translates the SECLABEL to ALPHA.
2. Profile (3) would never be used because profiles (1) and (2) are discrete
profiles that cover all work from node POKMVS that has security label A.
Profile (6) would never be used because profiles (4) and (5) are discrete
profiles that cover all work from user JOHN at node POKMVS.
3. If jobs or SYSOUT come in from user TOM at POKMVS, profile (7) fails the
job or purges the output.
4. If a job comes in from anyone other than JOHN or TOM at POKMVS, with
SECLABEL A, profiles (1), (8), and (9) are used.
Profile (8) translates the user ID to NONAME.
Profile (9) translates the group name to X (there is no profile with the
GROUP operand.)
Profile (1) translates the SECLABEL to ALPHA.
Note: Profile (8) translates many user IDs to one. You might do this to
create a guest user ID that can be used by any otherwise unknown
user coming in from POKMVS. With such a user ID, you can allow
people from POKMVS to access certain resources without having to
give each of them a user ID on your system.
5. Because there is no POKMVS profile with the GROUP operand, profile (9) is
the generic that is used to translate group names. Therefore all jobs and
SYSOUT that come from POKMVS get group X. (If profile (9) did not have
ADDMEM specified, there would be no translation of group names.)
Also, all security labels from POKMVS, except security label A, are translated
to X.
6. Profile (10a) fails all NJE jobs and SYSOUT for any other user, group, or
security label that is not covered by a more specific NODES profile. If you
want to have just default control for any NJE jobs, and not control SYSOUT,
use profile (10b) instead.
Figure 46. Which NODES Profiles Are Used?
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JES
Understanding Mixed Security Environments

Your network may be a mixed environment, that is, it can contain nodes in which
different levels of JES and RACF, or non-JES systems, are installed. Networking in
a mixed environment causes JES and RACF to validate work differently in some
cases. For example, certain security information, such as security labels, may not
be sent with work from some systems. The following list categorizes the various
environments into three groups:
v Uplevel security systems
Systems running z/OS or OS/390 where RACF is installed and active.
v Downlevel security systems
Systems running z/OS or OS/390 where RACF is not used but another
security product is being used.
Systems not running z/OS or OS/390.
v Default security systems
Systems running z/OS or OS/390 where no security product is being used.
The terms (uplevel, downlevel, and default) describe the security systems of the
source nodes. This tells JES and RACF how much of the security information has
been verified at the source. They are used to determine how much the receiving
node trusts the source nodes.
For jobs, the amount of trust determines under what circumstances RACF
propagates the submitter. For SYSOUT, it determines under what circumstances
RACF accepts the owner information. NJE uses the NODES profile UACC to
determine level of trust. Use these definitions when the following sections in this
chapter refer to uplevel, downlevel, and default security systems. See Table 37 on
page 489 and Table 38 on page 493.
Authorizing Jobs
You can control which network jobs are authorized for processing at your installation
on the basis of submitters user ID, group name, or security label associated with
the inbound job.
To authorize or restrict jobs entering your system from another node, define a
NODES profile that specifies the criteria on which jobs are accepted. Ask your JES
system programmer for the following:
v The node names from which you expect jobs
v The user IDs or group names from which you expect jobs
v The security labels that you should accept
v The universal access authority, which determines how JES3 processes the job.
Table 37 on page 489 lists the universal access authorities you can assign and
defines the validation that RACF performs.
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Table 37. NODES Class Operands and the UACC Meaning for Inbound Jobs
Type of
Check
(operand)
User ID
(USERJ)
UACC
NONE
Fails the job.
READ
Verifies all security
information available
including password
validation.
UPDATE
CONTROL or greater
If the job is from an

uplevel node, that is, if a
non-default valid
security token is passed,
propagates the
submitters or translated
security information as
the owning security
information without
password validation.
See Understanding
Mixed Security
Environments on page
488.
Same as UPDATE, but

default security or
downlevel information is
allowed. CONTROL
allows a downlevel
system to send jobs to
your node without
passwords. RACF does
not validate passwords.
See Understanding
Mixed Security
488.
If the job is from a

default or downlevel
node, processing is the
same as for a UACC of
READ.
Group
name
(GROUPJ)
Fails the job.
Translates group name to that specified in ADDMEM. If ADDMEM is not

specified, uses the group name received.
Security
Label
(SECLJ)
Fails the job.
Translates the submitters SECLABEL to that specified in ADDMEM. If

ADDMEM is not specified, uses the security label received.
Note: For more details on how NJE jobs are processed, see Authorizing Jobs on page 488.
Note: If no profile exists for a job when the NODES class is active or if the NODES
class is inactive, RACF performs only user ID, group name, and password
validation without performing any translation.
If no profile exists for a job when the NODES class is active, RACF verifies all
security information available and a valid password and user ID must be specified
on the job card.
You can further reduce the risk of security exposures by allowing jobs to be
submitted from other nodes without requiring a password if the sending node
properly validates and transmits a users identity. You can either allow the
submitters identity (that is, the user ID and security label) to be propagated to the
job or you can specify that the submitter is a surrogate submitter who can submit
jobs on behalf of other users without needing a password.
For either case, you indicate in NODES class profiles which nodes are trusted to
provide valid submitter identity information. You can restrict the trusted information
to specified user IDs, group names, or security labels, if desired.
This submitter identity information in combination with user data on the job card is
used to determine the user identity to be used for the job.
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v If no user ID or password is specified on the job card, the submitters identity is
propagated to the job.8
v If a user ID but no password is specified, the user ID is allowed if the submitter is
authorized as a surrogate for that user ID.8
v If both user ID and password are specified on the job card, the submitters
identity is not propagated to the job, but will still be used for JESJOBS checking.
Normal password validation is performed.
Controlling User ID Propagation in an NJE Environment

If an installation does not use NODES profiles for its networking protection (in other
words, it uses the RACFVARS profile &RACLNDE to treat all its remote nodes as
local), propagation control is the same as for actual local jobs (see Controlling User
ID Propagation in a Local Environment on page 473). Otherwise, an installation
wanting propagation control across the network needs to define one or more
NODES profiles, possibly with a RACFVARS profile, similar to the following:
RDEFINE RACFVARS &PROPCON ADDMEM(USER25 USER42 USER19 USER22 USER11)
RDEFINE NODES *.USERJ.&PROPCON UACC(READ)
Be sure that both the RACFVARS and the NODES classes are active and generics
are active for the NODES class, that you bring the classes in storage using
SETROPTS RACLIST, and that you issue a SETROPTS RACLIST REFRESH after
you define the two profiles. You need these profiles on every receiving system
where you want propagation to be controlled. Every user ID that has a PROPCNTL
entry on that system should be included in the ADDMEM list for &PROPCON.
With this setup, if a user ID is not coded on the job card, the job is routed to
another node, and the submitting user ID is a member of &PROPCON on the
receiving side, the job runs with the undefined user ID (default of ++++++++),
assuming SETROPTS(JES(BATCHALLRACF)) and
SETROPTS(JES(XBMALLRACF)) are not in effect.
Note that a better-fitting NODES profile with a higher UACC negates this protection.
For example, if in addition to the two profiles above you have a NODES profile
NODEX.USERJ.CICS1 with UACC(CONTROL), even if CICS1 is a member of
&PROPCON, an incoming job submitted by CICS1 runs as CICS1.
For more information about why you would want user propagation controlled, see
Controlling User ID Propagation in a Local Environment on page 473.
Using Submitter Information During Job Verification

With NJE jobs, as with local jobs, RACF makes several checks based on the
submitter of a job. The submitter information is used during SURROGATE checking
(see Allowing Surrogate Job Submission on page 471). It helps to ensure that the
security label of the job takes precedence over the security level of the submitter.
RACF does this check when security labels are being used, taking into
consideration the setting of the SETROPTS MLS option. Submitter information is
also used for JESJOBS checking during submission of a job (see Controlling Who
Can Submit Jobs by Job Name on page 478).
With local jobs, the submitter information is used as it is passed to RACF. Normally,
it is assumed to be valid. During any of the submitter checks, however, it is subject
to reverification. Any incorrect information causes the specific check to fail.
8. In either case, if SECLABEL is specified on the job card, it is used. If not, the SECLABEL of the submitter is propagated to the job.
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With NJE jobs, the submitter information used depends on whether the submitting
node is trusted. If the submitting node is trusted, the submitter information is either
used as passed or translated through NODES profiles. This information is subject to
reverification during any submit check that may be performed. This is consistent
with local jobs.
If the submitting node is not trusted, the submitter information cannot be used as
passed to RACF. When the submitter is identified by token information, the
submitter is then represented by the NJE unknown user (that is, no user ID). The
original submitter information is discarded. This allows UACC access to the checks
made on behalf of the submitter, such as SURROGATE and JESJOBS.
RACF validates an NJE batch job based on the submitter node and submitter user
ID in a USERJ profile and on the submitter node and submitter group name in a
GROUPJ profile. If there is an ADDMEM value, the NJE batch job submitter user ID
is translated to the ADDMEM value before the validation checks are made.
When RACF determines that a job is not from a trusted node, the submitter user ID
of the NJE batch job is set to the NJE unknown user ID and the submitter group
name is changed to blanks. For a job that is submitted from a trusted node, the
translated submitter user ID is propagated and becomes the user ID with which the
NJE batch job runs.
USERJ NODES profiles are checked before the GROUPJ NODES profiles. After
successful verification based on the submitter node and user ID, GROUPJ NODES
profiles are used to validate NJE batch jobs, based on the submitter node and
group name. If there is an ADDMEM value, the NJE batch job submitter group
name is translated to the ADDMEM value before the validation checks are made.
Note: If no USERJ NODES profile exists, the GROUPJ NODES profile is not
checked.
A GROUPJ NODES profile can be used to fail incoming jobs based on the
submitters group by specifying UACC of NONE in the profile. A GROUPJ NODES
profile can also be used to translate the submitting group to an appropriate group
for the receiving system. This is done by specifying a UACC of at least READ and
an appropriate ADDMEM member.
If the installation does not want incoming jobs to fail based on the groups, a special
ADDMEM of &DFLTGRP can be used. This is not a RACFVARS variable. It just
specifies that for jobs matching this GROUPJ profile, the resulting users default
group should be used in the verification.
Example:
RDEFINE NODES Z.GROUPJ.* UACC(READ) ADDMEM(&DFLTGRP)
Assuming appropriate use of USERJ profiles, all NJE batch jobs from node Z will
have SURROGAT and JESJOBS checking done based on the submit-users default
group. Checking done on the execution-user (assuming the submit group is
propagated, that is, GROUP is not on the jobcard), will be done with the
execution-users default group.
Authorizing SYSOUT
You can control the processing of SYSOUT at your installation based on the user
ID, group name, or security label associated with the inbound SYSOUT. If no profile
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exists for an NJE SYSOUT when the NODES class is active, SYSOUT ownership
cannot be assigned. See Understanding Default User IDs on page 497.
To authorize or restrict SYSOUT entering your system from another node, define
NODES class profiles that identify the criteria on which SYSOUT is accepted. Ask
your JES system programmer for the following:
v The node names from which you expect SYSOUT
v The user IDs, group names, and security labels from which you expect SYSOUT
v The universal access authority, which determines how JES processes the
SYSOUT. RACF can assign ownership based on either the user ID and node that
created the SYSOUT or the user ID and node that submitted the job that created
the SYSOUT.
Notes:
1. If the NODES profile allows the user ID to be associated with the SYSOUT,
but the user security information is incorrect, an IRR808I message is issued
and processing continues with the NJE unknown user as set by SETROPTS
JES(NJEUSERID(userid)).
2. &DFLTGRP can be used for SYSOUT in the same way as in batch jobs.
Specifying ADDMEM of &DFLTGRP in a GROUPS profile will cause
verification to be done on the owning-users default group.
Table 38 on page 493 lists the universal access authorities you can assign and
defines the validation that RACF performs.
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Table 38. NODES Class Operands, UACC and SYSOUT Ownership When Node Is Not Defined to &RACLNDE
Type of
Check
(operand)
User ID
(USERS)
UACC
NONE
READ
UPDATE
CONTROL or greater
Check of User ID and Node That Created SYSOUT

Purges the output.
If the translation value

from ADDMEM is
&SUSER, check
submitting user ID and
node.
If default or no security
information is available,
that is, from a downlevel
or default node,
processing is the same
as a UACC of READ.
Otherwise, assigns
ownership of the output If security information is
to the default NJE user from an uplevel node,
ID (default is ????????). that is, a non-default
valid security token is
passed, assigns the
translation value from
ADDMEM to the output.
When ADDMEM is not
specified, ownership is
assigned to the user ID
that created the output.
See Understanding
Mixed Security
488.
Processing is similar to
UACC(UPDATE) except
RACF translates any
available information
from any type of security
system. This allows
RACF to assign local
user IDs to output from
downlevel systems. See
Understanding Mixed
Security Environments
on page 488.
from ADDMEM is
&SUSER, check
node.

from ADDMEM is
&SUSER, check
node.
Check of Submitting User ID and Node (Only When &SUSER Is Specified for ADDMEM)
Assigns ownership of
the output to the default
NJE user ID (default is
????????).
????????).
????????).
Assigns the translation

value from ADDMEM to
the output, if available.
from ADDMEM is
&SUSER, assigns the
submitting user ID to the
output.
Otherwise, assigns
ownership of the output
to the default NJE user
ID (default is ????????).
Note: When you specify &SUSER for ADDMEM and the submitting node is defined to &RACLNDE,
ownership is assigned to the submitter. See How SYSOUT Requests Are Verified on page 475.
Group
Name
(GROUPS)
Purges the output
Translates group name to that specified in ADDMEM. If ADDMEM is not

specified, uses the group name received.
Security
Label
(SECLS)
Purges the output
Translates SECLABEL to that specified in ADDMEM. If ADDMEM is not

specified, uses the security label received.
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Table 38. NODES Class Operands, UACC and SYSOUT Ownership When Node Is Not Defined to
&RACLNDE (continued)
Type of
Check
(operand)
UACC
NONE
READ
UPDATE
CONTROL or greater
Notes:
1. If the node name is specified in the RACFVARS profile named &RACLNDE, the node is treated as a locally
attached node and RACF verifies the supplied security information.
2. For more details on how NJE SYSOUT is processed, see Authorizing SYSOUT on page 491 and Validating
SYSOUT Based on the Submitter.
Validating SYSOUT Based on the Submitter

JES normally validates SYSOUT based on the owners security information. The
owners security information accompanies each piece of SYSOUT as it travels
through the network.
You can define profiles that cause RACF to assign ownership of the SYSOUT to the
submitter. For example, you can allow a user to submit a job to another node, have
the job execute under another user ID, and allow the submitting user to view the
output on its return.
To translate inbound SYSOUT ownership to the submitter, specify &SUSER as the
value on the ADDMEM operand of the NODES profile.
This works with potentially multiple NODES profiles as follows:
First, the NODES profile is used that matches the form executionnode.USERS.userid. If the UACC is not NONE and the ADDMEM is &SUSER, a
check is made to see if the submitter is set up to be the owner. If the submit node
is found to be a member of the RACFVARS &RACLNDE profile, the submitter user
ID and group are associated with the SYSOUT without change. This is because the
submit node is considered local.
If the submit node is not local in this way, a second NODES profile that matches
the form submit-node.USERS.submitter-id is used; and, if the UACC is CONTROL
and there is an ADDMEM value, the submitter values are associated with the
SYSOUT. If the ADDMEM value is not &SUSER, the ADDMEM value is used as the
SYSOUT owner user ID.
If the ADDMEM is &SUSER, the original submitter is used as the SYSOUT owner
user ID. The second NODES profile cannot be used to purge SYSOUT. The first
NODES profile has already established the level of trust and the second NODES
profile is used only for determining the owning user ID of the SYSOUT. A UACC of
NONE on the second NODES profile assigns the ??????? userid. For more details,
When associating the submitter with the SYSOUT in the non-local case, a third
NODES profile can be used that matches the form submit-node.GROUPS.submitgroup. If this profile exists and has an ADDMEM value, the ADDMEM value is used
as the SYSOUT owner group, regardless of the UACC. Otherwise, the original
submit group is associated with the SYSOUT. Verification of the SYSOUT continues
with the owner values altered as described above.
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Translating Security Information

You can avoid having to maintain identical user IDs, group names, and security
labels in RACF databases throughout a network by translating inbound user IDs,
group names, and security labels into predefined values defined at your node.
Use the ADDMEM operand on the RDEFINE or RALTER command to specify the
translation values for inbound security information. For example, if you want all
inbound work with a security label of VERYCONF to be translated to a security
label of NOLOOKAT at your system, enter:
RDEFINE NODES *.SECL*.VERYCONF ADDMEM(NOLOOKAT) UACC(READ)
Notes:
1. You should specify only one value on the ADDMEM operand. Any subsequent
values are ignored.
2. For jobs, an ADDMEM of &SUSER is ignored, as the NODES profile lookup for
jobs automatically deals with submitter information. It would be treated as
though no ADDMEM were specified for the profile. For more information on
&SUSER, see Validating SYSOUT Based on the Submitter on page 494.
If you do not define profiles that translate inbound user IDs, group names, and
security labels, those inbound values must be defined in your RACF database or
the work does not pass RACF validation.
Note: If the SECLABEL class is not active on your system, inbound security labels
are ignored.
Example: Simple NJE User Translation: Figure 47 shows how user IDs are
translated.
Node A
Job submitted
by user X
Node B
JOB
Job executed
by user Y
Node C
SYSOUT
Output printed
by user Z
On Node B:
On Node C:
RDEFINE NODES
A.USERJ.X
UACC(UPDATE)
ADDMEM(Y)
RDEFINE NODES
B.USERS.Y
UACC(UPDATE)
ADDMEM(Z)
User X is known as user Y on node B, and user Z on node C. In this example,

user X on node A submits a job that runs on node B. The output is printed on
node C under user ID Z.
On node B, the existence of a profile named A.USERJ.X, with ADDMEM(Y)
specified, causes RACF to translate the user ID of jobs from user X at node A.
On node B, such jobs run as if submitted by user Y.
On node C, the existence of a profile named B.USERS.Y, with ADDMEM(Z)
specified, causes RACF to translate the user ID of SYSOUT from user Y at node
B. On node C, such SYSOUT can print as if submitted by user Z.
Figure 47. Example: Simple NJE User Translation
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JES
Example: Simple NJE User Translation Using &SUSER: Figure 48 shows how
user IDs are translated when &SUSER is specified on the ADDMEM operand. This
can be useful when jobs are run on a remote system, but the output is printed on
the submitters system.
Note: If you wish, you could specify &SUSER on a third system (as in node C in
Figure 47 on page 495).
Node A
Node B
Job submitted
by user X
JOB
Job's SYSOUT
is printed on
submitting
node.
SYSOUT
Job executed
by user Y
On Node A:
On Node B:
RDEFINE NODES
B.USERS.Y
UACC(UPDATE)
ADDMEM(&SUSER)
RDEFINE NODES
A.USERJ.X
UACC(UPDATE)
ADDMEM(Y)
RDEFINE NODES
A.USERS.X
UACC(CONTROL)
ADDMEM(&SUSER)
User X is known as user Y on node B. In this example, user X on node A

submits a job that runs on node B. The output is returned to user Xs home node
(node A) to be printed.
On node B, the existence of a NODES profile named A.USERJ.X with
UACC(UPDATE) and ADDMEM(Y) means that jobs from user X at node A are to
be executed under user Y.
On node A, the existence of a NODES profile named B.USERS.Y with
UACC(UPDATE) and ADDMEM(&SUSER) means that SYSOUT from user Y at
node B is to be owned by the user who originally submitted the job, provided the
second lookup is successful. The second lookup involves the submitter of the job
(X) and the node that he submitted it from (A). Therefore, on node A, the
existence of a NODES profile named A.USERS.X with UACC(CONTROL) and
ADDMEM(&SUSER) means that the SYSOUT is to be owned by user X.
Figure 48. Example: Simple NJE User Translation Using &SUSER
Example: Trusted, Semitrusted, and Untrusted Nodes: Figure 49 on page 497

shows a sample NJE network in which some nodes are trusted (see Understanding
Mixed Security Environments on page 488), some nodes are semitrusted
(verification is done on inbound work), and some nodes are not trusted (no inbound
work is allowed to run).
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JES
SEMTNODE
VMNODE
MYNODE
DFLTNODE
TRSTNODE
LOCLNODE
NOTRUST
Profiles are
created on
this node.
In this example, profiles on node MYNODE control inbound work as follows:

Trusted Nodes
RDEFINE NODES TRSTNODE.USER%.* UACC(UPDATE)
RDEFINE NODES LOCLNODE.USER%.* UACC(UPDATE)
RDEFINE NODES VMNODE.USER%.* UACC(CONTROL)
Semitrusted Nodes
RDEFINE NODES SEMTNODE.USER%.* UACC(READ)
RDEFINE NODES DFLTNODE.USER%.* UACC(READ)
Untrusted Node
RDEFINE NODES NOTRUST.*.* UACC(NONE)
Note: To prevent any unknown nodes from submitting work to be done on your node, create the
following profile:
RDEFINE NODES *.*.* UACC(NONE)
Figure 49. Example: Trusted, Semitrusted, and Untrusted Nodes
Understanding Default User IDs

RACF assigns a default user ID to all work that enters your node when:
v SYSOUT enters from one of the following:
A downlevel node
A default node
For more information, see Understanding Mixed Security Environments on page
488.
v SYSOUT or a job enters your node, but your node is an intermediate
(store-and-forward) node on the path to the works final destination. The default
user ID protects work while it resides on spool awaiting transmission.
v SYSOUT enters your node when the NODES class is active and no applicable
USERS profile exists.
RACF uses eight question marks (????????) as the user ID for all inbound work
meeting the above criteria. RACF also assigns the default user ID to all
store-and-forward work that resides temporarily at your node. The default user ID
protects work while it resides on spool.
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JES
You cannot directly permit the default user ID (???????? or installation-defined) to
any resources. However, you can translate the default user ID to a valid user ID if
you want to process any of this type of work at your system.
You can change the ???????? user ID by using the NJEUSERID operand on the
SETROPTS command:
SETROPTS JES(NJEUSERID(?NETWORK))
The user ID you specify on the NJEUSERID operand cannot be a user ID defined
in the RACF database. Also, if you specify a user ID on the NJEUSERID operand,
you cannot later define a user profile for that user ID. This prevents network jobs
from having access to RACF-protected resources on your system.
The following example shows how to do this for jobs:
RDEFINE NODES nodename.USERJ.???????? UACC(READ or higher) ADDMEM(NJEJOBS)
The following example shows how to do this for SYSOUT:

RDEFINE NODES nodename.USERS.???????? UACC(UPDATE or higher) ADDMEM(NJESOUT)
The following example shows how to do this for both SYSOUT and jobs:
RDEFINE NODES nodename.USER%.???????? UACC(READ or higher) ADDMEM(NJEWORK)
Note: This example assumes that a SETROPTS GENERIC(NODES) was

You would also need to create user profiles for the translated user IDs (NJEJOBS,
NJESOUT, or NJEWORK), and permit the user IDs to appropriate resource profiles
(or connect them to appropriate groups).
Local jobs that enter the system without a user ID are assigned a user ID of
++++++++ (8 plus signs). You can specify which user ID to assign to such jobs by
entering the following command:
SETROPTS JES(UNDEFINEDUSER(userid))
Note: The user ID you specify on the UNDEFINEDUSER operand cannot be a

user ID defined in the RACF database. Also, if you specify a user ID on the
UNDEFINEDUSER operand, you cannot later define a user profile for that
user ID. This prevents undefined users from having access to
RACF-protected resources on your system.
However, these user IDs can be used in JESSPOOL profile names. JES
uses these names to associate an owner with the spool data, and to keep
logical undefined users from accessing the data of network undefined users.
How JES Sends Security Information

Security information is sent from node to node in an NJE network. When a node
receives a job through a network, RACF determines who submitted the job. After
determining the submitting user ID, RACF can translate the submitting user ID to a
valid user ID on this system if a profile on the receiving node specifies that the user
ID must be translated. RACF uses the submitting user ID or its translation to supply
any missing security information. Security information that RACF propagates is:
v User ID
v Password
v Security label
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Defining Profiles in the NODES Class

To create profiles in the NODES class, take the following steps:
1. Ask your JES system programmer for the information needed to create the
profiles. This includes the following:
v Information for specifying profile names
v For each profile to be created, the UACC to be specified
v For each profile to be created, the values to be translated (to be specified on
the ADDMEM operand)
Note: You should work with your JES system programmer to determine which
user or group should be specified in the OWNER field of the profiles.
This user or group is responsible for maintaining the profiles.
2. Use the RDEFINE command to create the profiles. For examples, see Figure 46
on page 487, Figure 47 on page 495, Figure 48 on page 496, and Figure 49 on
page 497.
the NODES class and activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the class.
You can do these two actions in one command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(NODES) RACLIST(NODES)
Notes:
a. Any time you make a change to a NODES profile, you must also refresh
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the NODES class for the change to
take effect.
b. RACF does not do any logging nor issue any messages for the NODES
class.
Defining Nodes as Local Input Sources

You can use RACF to treat nodes the same as locally attached devices. To do this,
use the &RACLNDE profile in the RACFVARS class to identify the nodes that you
want RACF to consider as local. See Setting Up NODES Profiles on page 485. A
node name defined to &RACLNDE either shares your RACF database or is the
value you are using to rename your node when you are changing node names.
To do this take the following steps:
1. Ask your JES system programmer for the names of the nodes to be treated as
local.
2. Define profile &RACLNDE in class RACFVARS:
RDEFINE RACFVARS &RACLNDE UACC(NONE)
3. Using the ADDMEM operand on the RALTER command, identify which nodes
are to be treated as local nodes:
RALTER RACFVARS &RACLNDE ADDMEM(node1 node2 node3...)
Notes:
a. If you define a node as a local node, you must ensure that its RACF
database is identical to the one on your node.
b. Because there are no defaults for &RACLNDE profiles in the RACFVARS
class, you must identify your own local node using the ADDMEM operand.
the RACFVARS class and activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the
class. You can do these two actions in one command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(RACFVARS) RACLIST(RACFVARS)
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JES
Notes:
a. Any time you make a change to a RACFVARS profile, you must also refresh
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the RACFVARS class for the change
to take effect.
b. This also activates other functions that are administered through the
RACFVARS class.
Authorizing Outbound Work

You can use the WRITER class to control whether work is authorized for
transmission to a specific NJE node. To do this, create profiles in the WRITER class
that have profile names with the following format:
jesname.NJE.nodename
For more information, see Controlling Where Output Can Be Processed on page
510.
Using Security Labels to Control Writers

If both the WRITER and the SECLABEL class are active when RACF checks a
writers authority to process outbound work, RACF uses reverse MAC (mandatory
access checking). That is, the outbound work must have a security label, and the
security label of the writer must be equal to or greater than the outbound works
security label.
You can use this to limit the sensitivity of the data that writers can process. For
example, if you have some writers that process low-sensitivity information, you can
assign those writers a low-sensitivity security label, such as SYSLOW. This
prevents sensitive work from leaving your node through those writers.
Controlling Access to Spool Data

You can use RACF to provide security for your spool data, including:
v Access to spool data
v Data sets dumped from spool
v Data sets restored to spool
v JESNEWS
v SYSIN data sets
v SYSOUT data sets
v SYSLOG
v Trace data sets (for JES2).
The following sections identify which spool resources you can protect, why you may
want to protect each resource, and what information you must gather from your JES
system programmer so that you can implement RACF protection.
Protecting Data Sets on Spools

You can use RACF to provide access to data sets that reside on spool, including
spool files that JES appends to job output, such as JESNEWS. Using RACF allows
users other than the owner of a data set to read, copy, print, or delete sensitive job
data.
To enable RACF protection of spool data sets, activate the JESSPOOL class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(JESSPOOL)
SETROPTS GENERIC(JESSPOOL)
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Profiles are not required in the JESSPOOL class for protection to be in effect
because the default for the class is failure when no profiles exist. IBM recommends
that you activate the generics for the JESSPOOL class because the profile names
are system generated.
Notes:
1. When the JESSPOOL class is active, RACF ensures that only authorized users
obtain access to job data sets on spool. Authorization to job data sets is
provided through RACF user profiles. If there is no profile for a data set, only
the user that created the data set can access, modify, or delete it.
2. While a job is executing, RACF optionally audits actions against SYSIN and
SYSOUT data sets. For SYSIN data sets, JES invokes RACF each time a
SYSIN data set is allocated, opened, or deleted. For SYSOUT data sets, JES
invokes RACF each time a SYSOUT data set is created, opened, deleted, or
selected for output.
3. For output selection, a data set can be selected by a TSO user through the
TSO OUTPUT command. A profile must exist to enable users other than the
creator to access data sets using the TSO OUTPUT command.
4. External writers, which are usually started tasks that process output to special
devices (such as microfiche), require at least ALTER access to the spool data
sets they process. If your installation has external writers, and you activate the
JESSPOOL class, you must either ensure that the external writers have ALTER
access to appropriate JESSPOOL profiles, or define the external writers as a
started procedure with the trusted attribute. You can define them either in the
STARTED class or in the RACF started procedures table (ICHRIN03).
Otherwise, the external writers cannot process output. Because external writers
are installation-written programs, you are strongly recommended to avoid giving
them the trusted attribute.
5. If SDSF is installed on your system, JESSPOOL profiles control which action
characters and overtypeable fields users can enter on SDSF panels. For
complete information on creating JESSPOOL profiles for use with SDSF, see
z/OS SDSF Operation and Customization.
6. SYSOUT application program interface (SAPI) applications, which are usually
started tasks that process output to special devices (like microfiche), require at
least UPDATE access to the spool data sets they process. If your installation
has SAPI applications, and you activate the JESSPOOL class, you must either
ensure that the SAPI applications have UPDATE access to appropriate
JESSPOOL profiles, or define the applications as a started procedure with the
trusted attribute. You can define them either in the STARTED class or in the
RACF started procedures table. Otherwise, the SAPI applications cannot
process output.
Defining Profiles for SYSIN and SYSOUT Data Sets

Activating the JESSPOOL class provides protection for SYSIN and SYSOUT data
sets. However, you might want to allow specific users to see or work with the
SYSIN and SYSOUT data sets created by other users. To do this, take the following
steps:
1. Create JESSPOOL profiles for the spool data sets:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL profile-name UACC(NONE)
where profile-name is a 6-part name with the following format:

local-nodename.userid.jobname.jobid.dsnumber.name
where:
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JES
local-nodename
is the name of the node on which the SYSIN or SYSOUT data
set currently resides. The local node name appears in the JES
job log of every job.
Note: It is recommended that you define a profile in the
RACFVARS class named &RACLNDE, and use
&RACLNDE for all profiles in the JESSPOOL class.
userid
is the user ID associated with the job. This is the user ID RACF
uses for validation purposes when the job runs.
jobname
is the name that appears in the name field of the JOB

statement.
jobid
is the job ID assigned to the job by JES. The job ID appears in

notification messages and the JES job log of every job.
dsnumber
is the unique data set number JES assigned to the spool data
set. A D is the first character of this qualifier.
name
is the name of the data set specified in the DSN= parameter of

the DD statement. This name cannot be JESYSMSG,
JESJCLIN, JESJCL, or JESMSGLG and follows the naming
conventions for a temporary data set. For the temporary data
set naming conventions, see z/OS MVS JCL Reference. If the
JCL did not specify DSN= on the DD statement that creates the
spool data set, JES uses a single question mark (?).
Note: You can specify generic characters for any of the qualifiers in the profile
name. For example, you can substitute an asterisk (*) for one of the
qualifiers, such as jobid, if it is not known.
A sample JESSPOOL profile name could be as follows. If user MYUSER
submits a job named MYJOB to run on NODEA, and JES assigns a job
ID of JOB08237, and the value of DSN= for a SYSOUT data set is
OUTPUT, the profile name for a SYSOUT data set created by this job
could be:
NODEA.MYUSER.MYJOB.JOB08237.D0000112.OUTPUT
If job MYJOB is run several times, and the same protection is desired for
the OUTPUT data set each time, the profile name could be:
NODEA.MYUSER.MYJOB.*.*.OUTPUT
2. Give users the appropriate access authority, as follows:

PERMIT profile-name CLASS(JESSPOOL)
ID(userid|groupname)
502
NONE
Gives the user no access.
READ
Lets the user view the spool data set, but does not let the user
change the data sets contents or attributes. For example,
READ does not allow the following operands on the TSO
OUTPUT command: DELETE, DEST, NEWCLASS, NOHOLD,
and NOKEEP.
UPDATE
Lets the user read or update the contents of a spool data set.
UPDATE does not allow the user to change the data sets
JES
attributes. UPDATE also allows users to update spool data sets
opened by an application in the same address space.
CONTROL
ALTER
Lets the user read or update a spool data set or change the
attribute of a spool data set. For example, ALTER allows any
operand to be specified on the TSO OUTPUT command,
including operands for deleting and printing. Also, when
specified for a discrete profile, ALTER lets the user change the
profile itself.
Note: If SDSF is installed on your system, JESSPOOL profiles control which action
Letting Users Create Their Own JESSPOOL Profiles

Users can create their own JESSPOOL profiles if they have CLAUTH authority to
the JESSPOOL class. If your installation decides to put the SETROPTS
GENERICOWNER option into effect, you can restrict each user to creating
JESSPOOL profiles only for his or her own spool data.
1. Issue this command:
SETROPTS GENERICOWNER
2. To prevent all users except the system administrator from being able to create
JESSPOOL profiles, issue either of the following commands:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL ** OWNER(sys_admin_id) UACC(NONE)
RDEFINE JESSPOOL * OWNER(sys_admin_id) UACC(NONE)
3. For each user who should be able to create JESSPOOL profiles for his or her
own spool data, create a JESSPOOL profile with the users user ID specified.
Make the user the owner of the profile. For example, for users SMITH and BEN:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL nodename.SMITH.** OWNER(SMITH) UACC(NONE)
RDEFINE JESSPOOL nodename.BEN.**
OWNER(BEN)
UACC(NONE)
Note: These examples assume that a SETROPTS GENERIC(JESSPOOL) was

previously issued to turn generics on for this class and that a
4. Give users CLAUTH authority to the JESSPOOL class:
ALTUSER SMITH CLAUTH(JESSPOOL)
ALTUSER BEN
CLAUTH(JESSPOOL)
5. Users with CLAUTH authority can define their own JESSPOOL profiles:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL profile-name OWNER(SMITH) UACC(NONE)
RDEFINE JESSPOOL profile-name OWNER(BEN)
UACC(NONE)
where profile-name is more specific than the JESSPOOL profile name you
defined for this user in step 3.
6. After defining their own JESSPOOL profiles, the users with CLAUTH can use
the following PERMIT command to grant other users access to the spool data
sets protected by that profile:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(JESSPOOL)
ID(userid|groupname)
503
JES
NONE
Gives the user no access.
READ
Lets the user view the spool data set, but does not let the user
change the data sets contents or attributes. For example,
READ does not allow the following operands on the TSO
OUTPUT command: DELETE, DEST, NEWCLASS, NOHOLD,
and NOKEEP.
UPDATE
Lets the user read or update the contents of a spool data set.
UPDATE does not allow the user to change the data sets
attributes. UPDATE also allows users to update spool data sets
opened by an application in the same address space.
CONTROL
ALTER
Lets the user read or update a spool data set or change the
attribute of a spool data set. For example, ALTER allows any
operand to be specified on the TSO OUTPUT command,
including operands for deleting and printing. Also, when
specified for a discrete profile, ALTER lets the user change the
profile itself.
Note: If SDSF is installed on your system, JESSPOOL profiles control which action
Protecting JESNEWS
JESNEWS is a spool file that contains data to be printed following each jobs
output. Protecting JESNEWS prevents unauthorized users from adding, modifying,
or deleting these files, or (if security labels are used) writing data with a higher
security label into these files.
The procedure for protecting JESNEWS depends on whether JES2 or JES3 is
installed.
Protecting JESNEWS for JES2

To protect JESNEWS for JES2, take the following steps:
1. Ask the JES2 system programmer for the following information:
v The fully qualified name of each JESNEWS file to be protected
v The universal access authority to be associated with each JESNEWS file. For
JESNEWS, this value should always be READ to allow all JES users to
receive JESNEWS.
v The user IDs or group names of operators and users that are to be
authorized to update JESNEWS. Assign each of these users or groups an
access authority of UPDATE to the appropriate profile in the OPERCMDS
class. Ensure that all users and operators are defined to RACF.
v The security label to be associated with each JESNEWS file (if security labels
are being used). For JESNEWS, this value should always be the lowest
security label (SYSLOW) to allow JESNEWS to be printed for all users.
2. Create the following profiles:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL nodename.userid.$JESNEWS.STCtaskid.Dnewslvl.JESNEWS
UACC(READ)
where:
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nodename
is the name of the node that created the JESNEWS data set.
userid
is the user ID associated with your JES2 system.
STCtaskid
is the name of the task that created the JESNEWS data set.
Dnewslvl
is the level of this copy of JESNEWS.
For example, for JESNEWS on NODEB:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL NODEB.*.$JESNEWS.*.*.JESNEWS UACC(READ)
Notes:
a. This example assumes that a SETROPTS GENERIC(JESSPOOL) was
b. To improve system performance, you should consider including an entry for
JESNEWS in the global access checking table. For example:
NODEB.*.$JESNEWS.*.*.JESNEWS/READ
3. To prevent unauthorized updating of JESNEWS, define a profile in the

OPERCMDS class. Any users authorized to update JESNEWS must have
ALTER access to this resource:
RDEFINE OPERCMDS jesname.UPDATE.JESNEWS UACC(NONE)
PERMIT
jesname.UPDATE.JESNEWS CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(user or group) ACCESS(ALTER)
If RACF is not active, JES2 requests authorization to update JESNEWS from

the operator.
Note: If RACF and the SECLABEL class are active, RACF assigns the
SECLABEL of the last job that updated JESNEWS to the JESNEWS
profile. This could cause jobs with lower security labels than the updating
job to miss important information and RACF records security violations
for jobs accessing JESNEWS that did not previously occur. To make
JESNEWS accessible to all users, the job that creates it should have a
SECLABEL of SYSLOW and the data set profile should have a UACC of
READ. If the SECLABEL is greater than SYSLOW, JESNEWS does not
print in the output of any jobs submitted with a lower SECLABEL.
Protecting JESNEWS for JES3

To protect JESNEWS for JES3, take the following steps:
1. Ask the JES3 system programmer for the following information:
v The fully qualified name for the JESNEWS file to be protected.
v The universal access authority to be associated with each JESNEWS file. For
JESNEWS, this value should always be READ to allow all JES users to
receive JESNEWS.
v The user IDs or group names of operators and users that are to be
authorized to update JESNEWS. Assign each of these users an access
authority of UPDATE.
v The security label to be associated with each JESNEWS file (if security labels
are being used). For JESNEWS, this value should always be the lowest
security label (SYSLOW) to allow JESNEWS to be printed for all users.
2. Create profiles as indicated by the JES3 system programmer. For example:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL node.jesname.JOB00000.D0000000.JNEWSLCL UACC(READ)
RDEFINE JESSPOOL node.jesname.JOB00000.D0000000.JNEWSRJP UACC(READ)
RDEFINE JESSPOOL node.jesname.JOB00000.D0000000.JNEWSTSO UACC(READ)
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Note: To improve system performance, you should consider including entries
for JESNEWS in the global access checking table. For example:
node.jesname.JOB00000.D0000000.JNEWSLCL/READ
node.jesname.JOB00000.D0000000.JNEWSRJP/READ
node.jesname.JOB00000.D0000000.JNEWSTSO/READ
3. For users who must update JESNEWS, give UPDATE authority:

PERMIT profile-name CLASS(JESSPOOL) ID(userid or groupname) ACCESS(UPDATE)
Protecting Trace Data Sets (JES2 Only)

For JES2, trace data sets contain information that could compromise your
installations security (for example, user IDs and passwords). You can protect these
data sets by defining profiles in the JESSPOOL class and permitting only those
users that need access to the data sets.
See the following example:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL NODE1.JES.*.*.*.JESTRACE UACC(NONE)
PERMIT
NODE1.JES.*.*.*.JESTRACE CLASS(JESSPOOL) ID(SMITH) UACC(ALTER)
Note: This example assumes that a SETROPTS GENERIC(JESSPOOL) was

Protecting SYSLOG
Your security policy may require that you protect SYSLOG because it is the record
of your systems daily activities.
To control SYSLOG, define a JESSPOOL profile for the data set, specifying an
appropriate universal access, and then grant access to the user IDs or group
names that need a different access.
See the following example:
RDEFINE JESSPOOL NODEB.+MASTER+.SYSLOG.*.*.? UACC(NONE)
PERMIT
NODEB.+MASTER+.SYSLOG.*.*.? CLASS(JESSPOOL) ID(SMITH) UACC(ALTER)
Note: This example assumes that a SETROPTS GENERIC(classname) was

Spool Offload Considerations (JES2 Only)

You should protect offloaded information by defining the offload data set to RACF a
universal access authority of NONE. If you have security labels active, you should
assign the offload data a SECLABEL of SYSHIGH to prevent unauthorized access.
Offloading Data
When you offload data from the spool to another device, JES2 copies the security
information for the data to the offload job and data set headers. No validation is
made of the security information written to the offload data set. JES2 calls RACF to
ensure the operator starting the offload operation has sufficient authority to issue
the command to start the offload.
During the offload process, JES2 calls RACF (using the WRITER class) to ensure
the owner of the SYSOUT data set has at least READ access to the offload device
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JES
by checking the security information associated with the data against the devices
profile in the WRITER class. The offload device profile for offload SYSOUT
transmitter 1 would be:
jesxLOCAL.OFF1.ST
During spool offload, jobs are not checked for access to the device.
Reloading Data
When JES2 reloads the information from an offload data set, it performs any
security validation necessary (similar to reading a job into the system or receiving a
network SYSOUT data set) before writing the data to spool by checking the
JESJOBS class for reloaded jobs and the NODES class. When RACF performs the
NODES class check, if the node associated with the data is in the &RACLNDE
profile, RACF accepts the data.
The following profiles for the JESINPUT class apply to spool reload:
OFFn.JR
OFFn.SR
for jobs
for SYSOUT
As with offload, JES2 calls RACF to ensure the operator starting the reload
operation has sufficient authority to issue the commands.
When reloading a data set that was offloaded on this node, the name of the node
must be defined in the RACFVARS profile &RACLNDE, or NODES profiles are
required for NJE processing to associate user IDs with jobs or data.
How RACF Affects Jobs Dumped from and Restored to Spool (JES3
Only)
RACF performs security validation for all jobs restored to your system using the
JES3 Dump Job facility.
Dumping Jobs
JES3 dumps all security information associated with each job when you use the
dump job facility. However, JES3 does not perform security validation while
dumping jobs.
Restoring Jobs
JES3 calls RACF to revalidate the job. RACF validates the job using the security
information saved when the job was dumped and writes an SMF audit record for
each restored job.
Attention
Jobs and data transported to a complex that uses different security labels may
be inadvertently declassified.
Authorizing Console Access

This section discusses protecting MCS consoles, remote workstations, and JES3
consoles.
MCS Consoles
Your MVS system programmer can require operators to log on to and log off from
MCS-managed consoles by specifying options in the CONSOLxx member of the
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JES
SYS1.PARMLIB data set. When the CONSOLE class is active and a console being
used is protected by a profile in the CONSOLE class, RACF ensures that the
person attempting to LOGON has the proper authority to do so.
For information about controlling access to MCS consoles, see Protecting
Consoles on page 239.
Remote Workstations (RJP/RJE Consoles)

Your JES system programmer can require that remote workstation operators enter a
password during workstation logon. This can be done through RACF or by using
JES initialization statement parameters.
Note: In JES2, remote workstations are called RJE consoles. In JES3, they are
called RJP consoles. If the workstation is connected using BSC, the operator
must issue a /*SIGNON statement. If the workstation is connected using SNA,
the operator must issue a LOGON statement.
If you want RACF to check LOGON or /*SIGNON passwords, you must activate the
FACILITY class and define a profile for each workstation in both the FACILITY and
USER classes. You should also ask your JES system programmer for the
workstation name. If JES2 is installed, the workstation name has the form
RMTnnnn, where nnnn is the remote workstation number. If JES3 is installed, the
workstation name is derived from the RJPWS initialization statement for an SNA
workstation or the RJPTERM initialization statement for BSC. This workstation
name serves as the user ID for the workstation console. Users of the RJP console
have to log on using this terminal ID and supply the same password.
You may also need similar support for NJE nodes for command and user ID
authorization from the network. NJE nodes do not sign on as RJE workstations do,
but rather perform the FACILITY/USERID verification as each command is issued.
Also see Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands on page 512.
Command validation in JES is composed of two parts:
1. Validating that the originator of the command can issue the command.
2. Validating that the originator is authorized to the object of the command.
RACF control is only applied to the issuance of the command. JES continues to
validate what object a particular workstation or node can affect.
Notes:
1. JES password protection or command authorization is used instead of RACF
protection if any of the following conditions exist:
v RACF is not installed.
v No NJE node or remote workstation profile exists in the FACILITY class.
v RACF is active, but the FACILITY class is not active.
2. If RACF is installed but not active, control returns to JES, and JES does its own
password checking or command authorization.
3. Workstation operators can change their user passwords only at logon time.
4. RACF password protection replaces JES password protection for remote
workstations. That is, either RACF or JES, but not both, verifies logons and
passwords. Similarly, RACF command authorization across the network
replaces JES NJE command authorization. That is, RACF or JES, but not both,
verifies these commands.
5. The password for an RJE workstation must be changed the first time the
workstation issues a LOGON or SIGNON.
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6. Because the remote workstation or node name is also used as a port of entry, it
needs to be defined to the JESINPUT class (if active). If it is not defined and
the class is later activated, RJE signons or NJE command authorizations fail
because of incorrect port of entry. For more information, see MVS/ESA and
RACF 1.9 Security Implementation Guide.
To use RACF to check LOGON or /*SIGNON passwords, take the following steps:
1. For each remote workstation or node to be protected, ask your JES system
programmer for the following:
v The ID of the remote workstation. The ID serves as the user ID of the remote
workstation. All users using a particular remote workstation must log on using
this ID and supply the same password. (The password will never expire.) The
ID is one of the following:
If JES2 is installed, the remote ID of the RJE console to be protected,
which takes the form RMTnnnn.
If JES3 is installed, the ID of the console you want to protect.
For NJE nodes, the name of the node to be used as the user ID of that
node.
2. For each remote workstation or NJE node, create a user profile:
ADDUSER userid
DATA(data)
PASSWORD(initial-password)
DFLTGRP(groupname)
where:
userid
is the RJE remote ID or NJE node name.
data
is installation-defined, for example:

DATA(RJE console at xxx, phone yyy)
initial-password
is the initial password (to be changed

immediately to another password that will never
expire).
groupname
is a group that you allow to use certain

RACF-protected resources, such as commands.
Specify that the passwords for these profiles will never expire:
PASSWORD USER(userid) NOINTERVAL
3. For each workstation for which you want RACF to check the users password,
create a profile in the FACILITY class, as follows:
RDEFINE FACILITY RJE.workstation
where workstation has been supplied by the JES system programmer.

Note: The existence of a profile in the FACILITY class for a remote workstation
forces the user to enter a password to be checked by RACF, rather than
by JES. The specification of UACC for these profiles has no effect.
4. For each NJE node for which you want RACF to check the users command
authorization, create a profile in the FACILITY class, as follows:
RDEFINE FACILITY NJE.nodename
where nodename has been supplied by the JES system programmer. The
specification of UACC for these profiles has no effect.
5. Run a batch job with old and new passwords specified to set a new password
(which will never expire).
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JES
have created, activate the FACILITY class:
7. If the class is active, define the workstation or node name to the JESINPUT
class, as follows:
RDEFINE JESINPUT workstation UACC(appropriate-access)
RDEFINE JESINPUT nodename
UACC(appropriate-access)
If the workstation or node name is not defined and the class is later activated,
sign on or command authorization fails because of incorrect port of entry. For
more information, see MVS/ESA and RACF 1.9 Security Implementation Guide.
JES3 Consoles
You cannot use RACF to control access to locally attached JES3 consoles. See
z/OS JES3 Initialization and Tuning Guide.
Controlling Where Output Can Be Processed

You can use the WRITER class to control where output can be printed. For
example, you can authorize or restrict the use of writers for local printers and
punches, remote workstations (RJE and RJP devices), and network nodes. You can
also limit which classification of data can be sent to a particular device or node. For
information about how to use the WRITER class to control outbound jobs and
SYSOUT for NJE, see Authorizing Outbound Work on page 500.
When the WRITER class is active, RACF ensures that the user is authorized to use
a writer. For network devices, RACF also verifies the security of outbound data sets
to ensure that the originator is authorized to send the data set to another node in a
network.
To control where output can be sent, do the following:
v The name of your JES system
v If you are protecting local printers, local punches, or RJE devices, their
device names
v If you are protecting network devices, the name of the node that will
ultimately receive the output
Note: The node name as specified in the JES initialization stream.
v The security label if you want to limit which classifications of output can be
sent to a particular output destination
v The list of users to be authorized or restricted from using a specific output
destination
2. Create a profile in the WRITER class to protect each writer:
RDEFINE WRITER profile-name UACC(appropriate-access)
where profile-name has one of the following formats:

v For local printers and punches:
jesname.LOCAL.devicename
v For JES2 RJE devices:

jesname.RJE.devicename
v For JES3 RJP devices:

jesname.RJP.devicename
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JES
v For data whose destination is a node:
jesname.NJE.nodename
where nodename is the name of the node to ultimately receive the output.
Also, UACC can be one of the following:
NONE
Allows no access
READ
Allows all users to send output to the protected device or node.
3. Give the appropriate access to users and groups:
PERMIT profile-name CLASS(WRITER) ID(user or group)
ACCESS(appropriate-access)
where appropriate-access is one of the following:

NONE
Allows no access
READ
Allows the user or group to send output to the protected device

or node.
4. When you are ready to start controlling access to writers based on the profiles
you have defined, activate the WRITER class:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(WRITER)
Note: If SDSF is installed on your system, WRITER profiles control which

operations related to printers (such as displaying information about a
printer or purging output) users can enter on SDSF panels. For complete
information on creating WRITER profiles for use with SDSF, see z/OS
SDSF Operation and Customization.
Authorizing the Use of Your Installations Printers

You can use RACF to control who can use your installations printers. Printers at
your installation are defined to JES3 by DEVICE statements in the JES3
initialization stream. Printers are also defined in the Hardware Configuration
Definition (HCD) program.
To authorize or restrict the use of your installations printers, take the following
steps:
v A 4-part profile name that represents the printer. The format of the 4-part
profile name is:
sysname.dev-class.modelno.ddd
where:
sysname
identifies the name of the system.
dev-class
specifies the type of device. For printers, you must always

specify unit record (UR).
modelno
specifies the model number of the printer.
ddd
specifies the device number associated with the printer.
v The universal access authority associated with the printer. A UACC of READ
indicates the printer can be allocated to all users in your installation. A UACC
of NONE indicates the printer can only be allocated to the users you specify.
v A list of users and groups that have access other than the UACC. READ
access allows the device to be allocated to the job submitted by the specified
user.
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v The security label associated with the printer (if security labels are being
used).
2. Create a profile in the DEVICES class to protect each writer:
RDEFINE DEVICES profile-name UACC(NONE)
have created, activate the DEVICES classes:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DEVICES)
Authorizing the Use of Operator Commands

You can control which commands operators can enter at consoles. For more
information, see Administering the Use of Operator Commands on page 260.
Commands from RJE Work Stations

To control the commands entering from RJE workstations, do the following:
1. Add a user profile for the workstation. The user ID should be the name of the
remote, with parentheses removed. For example, for RMT(1), the user ID is
RMT1. If you are using RACF to sign on RJE workstations, see Remote
Workstations (RJP/RJE Consoles) on page 508. Here is a sample command:
ADDUSER RMT1
DATA(RJE workstation at xxx, phone yyy)
DFLTGRP(groupname)
2. Permit the RJE user ID to the appropriate command profiles:

PERMIT command-profile-name CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(RMT1)
3. If the OPERCMDS class is not already active, activate it:

SETROPTS CLASSACT(OPERCMDS)
Commands from NJE Nodes

To control the commands entering from NJE nodes, do the following:
1. Take the steps to define a user profile and FACILITY class profile for each
node. FACILITY/USERID for NJE commands are verified as each command
comes through the network. No advance sign on exists as with RJE
workstations. See Remote Workstations (RJP/RJE Consoles) on page 508.
For example, for a node named HYDEPARK:
ADDUSER HYDEPARK
DATA(NJE node at xxx, phone yyy)
DFLTGRP(groupname)
RDEFINE FACILITY NJE.HYDEPARK
2. If the NODES class is active, create a NODES profile with RUSER as the
second qualifier:
RDEFINE NODES nodename.RUSER.userid UACC(appropriate-access)
where appropriate-access is one of the following:

NONE
Reject the command
READ
Reverify
UPDATE or higher
Pass
3. Permit the nodes user ID to the command profiles the node can issue:
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PERMIT command-profile-name CLASS(OPERCMDS) ID(HYDEPARK)
4. If the OPERCMDS and FACILITY classes are not already active, activate them:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(OPERCMDS FACILITY)
Who Authorizes Commands When RACF Is Active

If you are using only MCS-managed consoles and enable RACF command authority
checking, RACF performs all command authorization. However, if you are also
using local or remote JES3 consoles, whether JES3 or RACF performs command
authority checking depends on the source from which the command was entered.
For a description of command authority checking when the OPERCMDS class is
active, see z/OS JES3 Initialization and Tuning Guide.
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Chapter 18. RACF and Storage Management Subsystem (SMS)

Overview of RACF and SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF General Resource Classes for Protecting SMS Classes . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of SMS Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST Processing for MGMTCLAS
and STORCLAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFP Segment in RACF Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFP Segment in User and Group Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . .
Choosing Different Default Values for DFP Constructs . . . . . . .
DFP Segment in Data Set Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Uses the Information in the DFP Segments . . . . . . .
Determining the Owner of an SMS-Managed Data Set . . . . . . .
Retrieving Default DFP Information from User and Group Profiles . . .
Controlling Access to the DFP Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating the FIELD Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Profiles for Field-Level Access Checking . . . . . . . . .
Creating the Access List for Field-Level Access Checking . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of Other SMS Resources . . . . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter describes using RACF with the DFSMSdfp facility Storage
Management Subsystem (SMS). It describes factors that administrators should
consider when using RACF with SMS. A number of scenarios are used to explain
these factors. Many of the names used in these scenarios are arbitrary. The names
you use for user IDs, group names, and resources will differ, and the procedures
you decide to follow might vary from those given as examples in this chapter.
Overview of RACF and SMS

You can use RACF to protect and control the use of SMS classes, data sets,
functions, options, and commands. RACF provides the following facilities to support
DFP:
v Supplied general resource classes that you can use to protect SMS classes
(general resource classes are not the same as SMS classes)
v A DFP segment in both user and group profiles in which you can specify default
information that DFP uses to determine data management and storage
characteristics for data sets
v A DFP segment in data set profiles in which you can specify the owner of
SMS-managed data sets protected by the profile
v Field-level access checking to provide security for fields in the DFP segment of
user, group, and data set profiles
The following sections describe the details of these RACF facilities.
RACF General Resource Classes for Protecting SMS Classes

RACF provides the following general resource classes for protecting SMS
management classes and SMS storage classes. (SMS data classes do not require
RACF protection.)
v MGMTCLAS. Use this RACF resource class to protect specific SMS
management classes. (Management class is the DFP construct name for a
collection of attributes related to the migration and backup of data sets.)
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v STORCLAS. Use this RACF resource class to protect specific SMS storage
classes. (Storage class is the DFP construct name for attributes related to space
for a data set and the device and volume on which a data set resides.)
Note: The RACF general resource classes MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS are
different from, and should not be confused with, the DFP construct names
management class and storage class.
Controlling the Use of SMS Classes

To control the use of SMS classes, issue RACF commands as described below.
First, issue the SETROPTS command with the CLASSACT operand to activate the
RACF general resource classes MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS. The format of the
command is as follows:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(MGMTCLAS STORCLAS)
Then, to define a specific SMS class, issue the RDEFINE command and specify the
appropriate operands. After you define a profile to protect a specific SMS class,
issue the PERMIT command to create entries in the access list of the profile. You
might want to look at Determining the Owner of an SMS-Managed Data Set on
page 520 for more information.
For example, suppose you want to define a profile in the RACF general resource
class STORCLAS to protect an SMS storage class named DFP2STOR. You can
control which users and groups can use DFP2STOR by issuing one of the following
sequences of commands:
v To limit the number of users who can use DFP2STOR:
1. Issue the RDEFINE command to define the profile for DFP2STOR and assign
a UACC of NONE to the profile. The format of the command is as follows:
RDEFINE STORCLAS DFP2STOR UACC(NONE)
This command specifies that no users can access DFP2STOR, except for the
creator of the profile. For more information, see z/OS Security Server RACF
2. Selectively allow certain users and groups access to DFP2STOR by issuing
the PERMIT command and specifying an ACCESS of READ. The format of
the command is as follows:
PERMIT DFP2STOR CLASS(STORCLAS) ID(SMITH JONES) ACCESS(READ)
This command allows SMITH and JONES the use of storage class
DFP2STOR.
v To allow many users the use of DFP2STOR:
1. Issue the RDEFINE command to define the profile for DFP2STOR and assign
a UACC of READ to the profile. The format of the command is as follows:
RDEFINE STORCLAS DFP2STOR UACC(READ)
This command specifies that all users can access DFP2STOR.

2. You can selectively exclude certain users and groups from using DFP2STOR
by issuing the PERMIT command and specifying an ACCESS of NONE. The
format of the command is as follows:
PERMIT DFP2STOR CLASS(STORCLAS) ID(SMITH JONES) ACCESS(NONE)
This command prevents SMITH and JONES from using storage class
DFP2STOR.
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v For SMS resource classes that you want to be available to all users, consider
creating an entry in the global access checking table. For example, to allow all
users access to DFP2STOR, enter:
RDEFINE GLOBAL STORCLAS ADDMEM(DFP2STOR/READ)
SETROPTS GLOBAL(STORCLAS) REFRESH
Global access checking helps reduce processing overhead associated with

RACF authorization checking. For SMS resources that you want to have
available to a limited number of users, consider using SETROPTS RACLIST
processing for STORCLAS and MGMTCLAS to provide the best performance.
After you define profiles in the MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS resource classes, you
should activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for these classes. This can
improve performance by reducing I/O to the RACF database.
To activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS
resource classes, issue the SETROPTS command with the RACLIST operand and
specify the appropriate RACF resource class names. The format of the command is
as follows:
SETROPTS RACLIST(STORCLAS MGMTCLAS)
For more information, see SETROPTS RACLIST Processing on page 128.
Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST Processing for

MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS
If SETROPTS RACLIST processing has been activated for the MGMTCLAS and
STORCLAS resource classes, you must refresh profiles for RACLIST processing for
either class when you do one of the following:
v Define a new profile in the class
v Make changes to existing profiles in the class
Refreshing profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST processing for a RACF resource class
ensures that the most current copy of a profile resides in storage and is available
for RACF authorization checking.
To refresh profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the MGMTCLAS or
STORCLAS resource classes, issue the SETROPTS command with the RACLIST
and REFRESH operands and specify the appropriate RACF resource class names.
The following command refreshes profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST processing for
both MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS:
SETROPTS RACLIST(STORCLAS MGMTCLAS) REFRESH
For more information, see Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST

Processing on page 130.
DFP Segment in RACF Profiles

To support DFP, RACF provides a DFP segment in user, group, and data set
profiles. The following sections describe the information you can specify in this
segment, how RACF and DFP use this information, and how you can use field-level
access checking to control access to the DFP segment.
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DFP Segment in User and Group Profiles

When SMS is installed and active on your system, every SMS-managed data set is
assigned the following DFP constructs:
v Data class, which contains attributes related to the allocation of the data set
v Management class, which contains attributes related to the migration and backup
of the data set
v Storage class, which contains attributes related to space for the data set and the
device and volume on which the data set resides.
RACF provides the DFP segment in user and group profiles in which you can
specify default values for these constructs as well as a data application identifier.
During allocation of a new SMS-managed data set, RACF retrieves these default
values for DFP. DFP, in turn, uses these values as input to the automatic class
selection (ACS) routines that are used by SMS to assign constructs to the new data
set.
The fields contained in the DFP segment of user and group profiles are as follows:
v DATAAPPL, which specifies the identifier for the data set application
v DATACLAS, which specifies the default data class
v MGMTCLAS, which specifies the default management class
v STORCLAS, which specifies the default storage class
For user and group profiles, you can specify information in the DFP segment using
one of the following commands:
v ADDUSER, when defining a new user profile
v ALTUSER, when changing a user profile
v ADDGROUP, when defining a new group profile
v ALTGROUP, when changing a group profile
When defining or changing values in the DFP segment of user or group profiles,
you should consider the following:
v The values that you specify for MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS must be defined as
profiles in their respective RACF general resource classes and the user or group
must be granted at least READ access. Otherwise, RACF does not allow the
user or group to use the specified SMS class. For more information, see
Controlling the Use of SMS Classes on page 516.
v RACF does not control access for DATAAPPL or DATACLAS. However, the
values you specify in these fields should be defined for use on your system.
v Your storage administrator defines the names for the DFP constructs data class,
management class, and storage class. To determine what construct names have
been defined on your system, you can display a list of these names by using the
Interactive Storage Management Facility (ISMF). For information on how to use
ISMF, see z/OS DFSMS: Using the Interactive Storage Management Facility.
You can display the information in the DFP segment of a user profile by issuing the
LISTUSER command with the DFP operand and, for a group profile, by issuing the
LISTGRP command with the DFP operand. For more information on the RACF
commands, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
Note: If you want to display the information in the DFP segment of any RACF
profile, you must have the SPECIAL or AUDITOR attribute or at least READ
access to the segment through field-level access checking. For information
on field-level access checking for the DFP segment, see Controlling Access
to the DFP Segment on page 520.
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Choosing Different Default Values for DFP Constructs

In most cases, the default values for constructs specified in the DFP segment of a
user or group profile are sufficient for managing new data sets. When defining a
new SMS-managed data set, however, a user can choose different default values
for any of the following fields by using JCL or dynamic allocation:
v DATACLAS
v MGMTCLAS
v STORCLAS
For more information, see z/OS MVS JCL Users Guide.
DFP Segment in Data Set Profiles

In data set profiles, the DFP segment contains the RESOWNER field in which you
can specify the owner (RACF-defined user or group) of an SMS-managed data set
protected by the profile. When a user allocates a new SMS-managed data set
protected by this profile, the user ID or group ID that you specify in the
RESOWNER field must have at least READ access authority to the MGMTCLAS or
STORCLAS profile used in the allocation. If RESOWNER is not specified, the user
or group name matching the high-level qualifier is used. In most cases, the owner
of an SMS-managed data set is the user ID or group name that matches the
high-level qualifier of the data set name. RACF provides the RESOWNER field to
give your installation the flexibility to select any RACF-defined user or group to be
the data set owner.
You should specify a value for RESOWNER when the owner of a data set must be
different from the high-level qualifier of the data set name. For example, assume
that you have defined the groups PAYROLL and LEGAL on your system. Assume
also that PAYROLL needs to create some data sets for LEGAL, but LEGAL requires
ownership of the data sets. If you issue the following command, you create the data
set profile PAYROLL.LGL88.** with LEGAL as owner of any SMS-managed data
sets protected by the profile:
ADDSD PAYROLL.LGL88.** DFP(RESOWNER(LEGAL)) UACC(NONE)
The PAYROLL group can then create data sets such as PAYROLL.LGL88.WEEK1,
PAYROLL.LGL88.WEEK2, and PAYROLL.LGL88.MARCH.SUM, but the LEGAL
group actually owns the data sets.
(The profile name PAYROLL.LGL88.** is a generic profile name that uses enhanced
generic naming. Before you issue the above command, both generic profile
checking for the DATASET class and enhanced generic naming must be active. If
these options are not active, issue the SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET) and
SETROPTS EGN commands before you define the generic profile.)
You can specify a value for RESOWNER when you define a new data set profile
using the ADDSD command or when you change an existing data set profile using
the ALTDSD command. You can display the information in this field using the
LISTDSD command. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference for more information on these commands.
Note that the RESOWNER field, which represents the data set owner for data set
allocation purposes, is different from the OWNER field, which represents the user or
group that owns the data set profile and can therefore work with the profile itself.
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How RACF Uses the Information in the DFP Segments

When a user creates a new SMS-managed data set, RACF uses the information in
the DFP segment of a data set profile together with the information in the DFP
segment of a user or group profile as described in the following sections.
Determining the Owner of an SMS-Managed Data Set

DFP invokes RACF during data set allocationto determine the owner of the data
set.
If the data set is not protected by a profile, RACF returns the high-level qualifier of
the data set name as the default value for the owner of the data set.
If there is a data set profile, RACF checks it to determine whether the DFP segment
contains a value for the RESOWNER field. If the RESOWNER field contains a
value (user ID or group name), RACF returns this value to DFP as the owner of the
data set. If the RESOWNER field does not contain a value, RACF uses the
high-level qualifier of the data set name as the default value for the owner of the
data set. In either situation, the value that RACF returns can be used as an input
variable to ACS routines.
Retrieving Default DFP Information from User and Group Profiles

To have SMS use RACF for retrieving default values from the DFP segment of user
and group profiles, your installation must specify ACSDEFAULTS=YES in the
IGDSMSmm member of SYS1.PARMLIB. For more information, see z/OS
DFSMSdfp Storage Administration Reference.
After invoking RACF to determine the owner (user or group) of an SMS-managed
data set, DFP again invokes RACF to retrieve the default values for DATAAPPL,
DATACLAS, MGMTCLAS, and STORCLAS from the DFP segment of the owners
RACF profile. DFP uses these values as input to ACS routines during allocation of
the data set.
Authorization Checking for Protected SMS Classes: During allocation of an
SMS-managed data set, DFP performs a RACF authorization check to verify that
the data set owner is allowed to use the specified MGMTCLAS and STORCLAS. If
the data set owner does not have at least READ authority to both of these classes,
RACF denies the request. As a result, DFP does not allocate the data set.
This authorization checking occurs regardless of the source of the DATACLAS,
MGMTCLAS, or STORCLAS values. It does not matter whether they were supplied
as RACF defaults, through the ACS routines, or by the user through JCL or
dynamic allocation parameters.
Note: If the data set owner is a revoked user ID, the allocation fails.
Controlling Access to the DFP Segment

You can use field-level access checking to control a users ability to add, delete,
modify, or access information in any field of the DFP segment of a user, group, or
data set profile. To implement field-level access checking, issue RACF commands
as described in the following sections.
Activating the FIELD Class

First, activate the FIELD general resource class (if it is not already active). To
activate this class, issue the SETROPTS command with the CLASSACT operand
as follows:
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SETROPTS CLASSACT(FIELD)
Defining Profiles for Field-Level Access Checking

After you activate the FIELD class, you can define profiles that allow you to control
access to fields in the DFP segment of user, group, or data set profiles. (Note that
you can allow other users to define such profiles by assigning them the CLAUTH
attribute for the FIELD class.) To define a profile for field-level access checking,
issue the RDEFINE command and specify the class name as FIELD, the
appropriate profile name, and the universal access authority (UACC) as follows:
RDEFINE FIELD profile-name UACC(access-authority)
When you specify profile-name, use the format shown in the following examples.
Controlling Access to All Fields in the DFP Segment of User Profiles: You can
define a profile that lets you control access to all of the fields in the DFP segment
of all user profiles. Before you define this profile, generic profile checking for the
FIELD class must be active. If generic profile checking is not active, issue the
SETROPTS GENERIC(FIELD) command.
To define this profile, issue the RDEFINE command with a generic profile name. For
example, enter:
RDEFINE FIELD USER.DFP.* UACC(NONE)
Note: When you specify a UACC of NONE, you prevent all users from accessing
the DFP segment in all user profiles, including their own. Likewise, if you
specify a UACC of READ, you allow all users to read the information
contained in all fields of the DFP segment for all user profiles.
If the FIELD class is not yet RACLISTed, you must enter the following command
after you define or alter the profile:
If the FIELD class is already RACLISTed, you must refresh the profiles with the
following command after you define or alter the profile:
Controlling Access to a Specific Field in the DFP Segment of User Profiles:

You can define a profile that allows you to control access to a specific field in the
DFP segment of all user profiles by issuing the RDEFINE command and specifying
profile-name as shown in the following example:
RDEFINE FIELD USER.DFP.DATACLAS UACC(NONE)
This command defines a profile in the FIELD general resource class that protects,
with a UACC of NONE, the DATACLAS field in the DFP segment of all user profiles.
For more information, see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213.
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Controlling Access to All Fields in the DFP Segment of Group Profiles: You
can define a profile that allows you to control access to all fields in the DFP
segment of all group profiles. Before you define the following profile, generic profile
checking for the FIELD class must be active. If it is not active, issue the
SETROPTS GENERIC(FIELD) command before you define the generic profile. To
define this profile, issue the RDEFINE command and specify GROUP.DFP.* for
profile-name as shown in the following example:
RDEFINE FIELD GROUP.DFP.* UACC(NONE)
the DFP segment in all group profiles, including their current connect group.
Likewise, if you specify a UACC of READ, you allow all users to read the
information contained in all fields of the DFP segment for all group profiles.
Controlling Access to a Specific Field in the DFP Segment of Group Profiles:

You can define a profile that allows you to control access to a specific field in the
DFP segment of all group profiles by issuing the RDEFINE command and
specifying profile-name as shown in the following example:
RDEFINE FIELD GROUP.DFP.STORCLAS UACC(NONE)
with a UACC of NONE, the STORCLAS field in the DFP segment of all group
profiles. For more information, see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213.
Controlling Access to All Fields in the DFP Segment of Data Set Profiles: You
can define a profile that allows you to control access to all fields in the DFP
segment of all data set profiles. Before you define this profile, generic profile
checking for the FIELD class must be active. If generic profile checking is not
active, issue the SETROPTS GENERIC(FIELD) command. To define this profile,
issue the RDEFINE command and specify DATASET.DFP.* for profile-name as
shown in the following example:
RDEFINE FIELD DATASET.DFP.* UACC(NONE)
the DFP segment in all data set profiles, including data set profiles that they
own. Likewise, if you specify a UACC of READ, you allow all users to read
the information contained in all fields of the DFP segment for all data set
profiles.
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Controlling Access to a Specific Field in the DFP Segment of Data Set

Profiles: You can define a profile that allows you to control access to a specific
field in the DFP segment of all data set profiles by issuing the RDEFINE command
and specifying profile-name as shown in the following example:
RDEFINE FIELD DATASET.DFP.RESOWNER UACC(NONE)
with a UACC of NONE, the RESOWNER field in the DFP segment of all data set
profiles. For more information, see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213.
Creating the Access List for Field-Level Access Checking

After you define a profile to protect a resource in the FIELD class, you can create
entries in the resources access list using the PERMIT command. The following
example shows how to create an entry that gives user DFPADMIN the authority to
alter the SMS management class (MGMTCLAS field) in the profiles of all DFP
users. Note that UPDATE authority is sufficient to change a value in a field of the
DFP segment.
PERMIT USER.DFP.MGMTCLAS CLASS(FIELD) ID(DFPADMIN) ACCESS(UPDATE)
You can also specify the value &RACUID with the ID operand on the PERMIT
command. When you enter this value on the PERMIT command, you allow all users
access to the specified field within the DFP segment of their own user profiles. For
example, if you issue the following command, you allow all users to read the
DATAAPPL field in the DFP segment of their own user profiles.
PERMIT USER.DFP.DATAAPPL CLASS(FIELD) ID(&RACUID) ACCESS(READ)
Controlling the Use of Other SMS Resources

You can use RACF to control access to the following SMS resources:
v The Interactive Storage Management Facility (ISMF), including:
The entire ISMF component
Individual ISMF applications
ISMF functions, line operators, and commands
v The execution of functions, options, and commands, including:
Catalog functions for SMS data sets
DFSMSdss functions on data sets
Using SMS to activate a configuration
v SMS data sets, including:
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Control data sets
Source data sets for ACS routines
The test library for ACS routines
For information on how to use RACF to protect these resources, see the following
publications:
v MVS/ESA SML: Managing Data, which shows the sequence of RACF commands
you need to issue to protect the various SMS resources
v z/OS DFSMSdfp Storage Administration Reference and z/OS DFSMS: Managing
Catalogs, which show the names of the profiles you need to define to protect the
various SMS resources.
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Chapter 19. RACF and TSO/E

TSO/E Administration Considerations . . . . . .
Protecting TSO Resources . . . . . . . . . .
Field-Level Access Checking for TSO . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the TSO SEND Command . .
Restricting Spool Access by TSO Users . . . . .
TSO Commands That Relate to RACF . . . . . .
Using TSO When RACF Is Deactivated . . . . .
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This chapter describes using RACF with TSO/E.
TSO/E Administration Considerations

In order for users to log on to TSO, they must have an entry in the SYS1.UADS
data set or a TSO segment defined in their RACF user profile. For more
information, see The TSO Segment in User Profiles on page 70.
Note: A TSO installation can write a TSO logon pre-prompt exit to bypass checking
SYS1.UADS for user attribute information. For more information, see z/OS
TSO/E Customization.
You can move TSO user attribute information from SYS1.UADS to the RACF
database. (SYS1.UADS contains an entry for each TSO user that describes the
attributes that regulate the users access to the system.) When you move this TSO
information into the RACF database, it is stored in the TSO segment of the users
profile. When a user logs on to TSO, it uses the information contained in the TSO
segment to build a session for the user.
Moving the TSO user information to the RACF database eliminates the need to
maintain an entry in SYS1.UADS for each TSO user. However, you must maintain
entries in SYS1.UADS for certain users (such as IBMUSER and system
programmers).
For example, if you need to deactivate RACF to perform maintenance on the RACF
database, users authorized to perform this maintenance must be able to log on to
the system. When RACF is inactive, TSO checks entries in SYS1.UADS to
authorize access to the system. When RACF is active, logon verification can
produce an error during RACF processing. However, the logon can proceed by an
alternative method (for example, UADS). This error occurs if the installation does
not use the RACF database to store security-related information for a particular
user, but it does use an alternative method (such as UADS) for the logon
application to perform user verification.
Note: You can use the RACONVRT EXEC to help you convert SYS1.UADS entries
to RACF user profiles. The RACONVRT EXEC creates a CLIST that
contains multiple members. Each member contains RACF commands
needed to add information read from the SYS1.UADS data set to the RACF
database.
Be sure to inspect all members before running them. In particular, all of the
ADDUSER commands that RACONVRT generates connect the users to group
SYS1. Be sure to modify the default groups before running this member. You should
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also check the completeness and accuracy of the conversion that is performed by
the RACONVRT EXEC. For more information on using the RACONVRT EXEC, see
z/OS TSO/E Customization.
Protecting TSO Resources

You can use RACF to protect certain TSO resources. These resources include TSO
logon procedures, account numbers, and performance groups. In addition, you can
protect resources called TSO user authorities, whose settings determine whether a
user can issue certain authorized TSO commands. Examples of TSO user
authorities include ACCT, JCL, MOUNT, OPER, RECOVER, PARMLIB, TESTAUTH,
and CONSOLE. For detailed information about the TSO resources you can protect
with RACF, see z/OS TSO/E Customization.
If you are defining TSO segments in user profiles, you must protect these TSO
resources, using the following general resource classes:
v TSOPROC (for protecting TSO logon procedures)
v ACCTNUM (for protecting TSO account numbers)
v PERFGRP (for protecting TSO performance groups)
v TSOAUTH (for protecting TSO user authorities)
The following access authorities apply to these resources:
NONE
No access allowed.
READ
For TSOPROC, ACCTNUM, and PERFGRP, allows users to specify

the logon procedure, account number, or performance group when
logging on.
For TSOAUTH, gives the user the authority to issue the associated
authorized TSO command.
For PARMLIB, allows the user to issue the PARMLIB LIST
command.
For TESTAUTH, allows the user to invoke a program in authorized
state.
UPDATE
For PARMLIB, allows the user to issue the PARMLIB UPDATE

command. For the other profiles, UPDATE is the same as READ.
CONTROL
Same as READ.
ALTER
Allows users to change the profile, if the profile is discrete.
To control the use of TSO resources, issue RACF commands in the following
sequence:
1. Activate the TSO general resource classes:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(TSOPROC ACCTNUM PERFGRP TSOAUTH)
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Considerations When Activating the TSO Resource Classes

Assume that you have defined a user profile for user SMITH that contains
a TSO segment.
v If you do not activate the TSOPROC and ACCTNUM classes, user
SMITH cannot log on to TSO because RACF cannot check SMITHs
authority to use the logon procedure and account number specified on
the logon panel. TSOPROC and ACCTNUM must be active so that
users whose profiles contain TSO segments can log on to TSO.
v If you do not activate the PERFGRP class and user SMITH specifies a
performance group on the logon panel, SMITH cannot log on to TSO
because RACF cannot check SMITHs authority to access the specified
performance group. However, SMITH can log on to TSO when the
performance group is deleted from the logon panel. Activate the
PERFGRP class if your installation intends to use TSO performance
groups.
v If you do not activate the TSOAUTH class, user SMITH can log on to
TSO but will not have any assigned TSO user authorities such as JCL
or MOUNT. Activate the TSOAUTH class and give SMITH READ access
authority to the appropriate resources in the TSOAUTH class if your
installation is specifying user authorities when defining users to the
system.
2. Create profiles to protect TSO resources. The following example shows how to
define logon procedure LOGPROC1 to the TSOPROC resource class and
assign it a UACC of READ. (A UACC of READ grants all users the ability to use
the logon procedure.)
RDEFINE TSOPROC LOGPROC1 UACC(READ)
To protect a TSO resource so that a limited number of users can access it, you
can define it and specify a UACC of NONE. Then you can create an access list
containing only those users who require access to the resource. The following
example shows how to define a logon procedure, LOGPROC2, in the
TSOPROC resource class and protect it with a UACC of NONE.
RDEFINE TSOPROC LOGPROC2 UACC(NONE)
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Considerations for Creating Profiles for TSO Resources

v For the TSOPROC class, the profile name must be the name of the
logon procedure itself (no generic characters are allowed).
v For the ACCTNUM class, the profile name can be up to 39 characters
long.
You should create at least one profile in the ACCTNUM class.
If you want a particular user to log on without an account number, you
must ensure that the user has no access to any ACCTNUM profile. This
means that you cannot specify UACC(READ) for any ACCTNUM profile.
Also, a user can have access to an ACCTNUM profile by means of a
connect group. If a user has access to one or more account numbers,
the first such account number that RACF encounters when searching
the RACF database becomes that users default account number and is
saved in the TSO segment of the users profile. You can find out which
account number is used by issuing the following command:
SEARCH CLASS(ACCTNUM) USER(userid)
The first account number listed is used. For example, you if you want to
allow only two account numbers, D1001 and D1002, and you want to
ensure that users log on with at least one of them, create the following
profiles:
RDEFINE ACCTNUM D1001 UACC(READ)
RDEFINE ACCTNUM D1002 UACC(READ)
RDEFINE ACCTNUM ** UACC(NONE)
Note: Because of the order in which RACF searches the RACF

database, account number D1001 is the default assigned to any
user who logs on with a blank account number. To determine the
search order in which profiles are used, issue SEARCH or RLIST
command for the class. For example:
SEARCH CLASS(ACCTNUM)
v For the PERFGRP class, the profile name must be the number of the
performance group itself (no generic characters are allowed).
v For the TSOAUTH class, you should consider creating discrete profiles
for each TSO attribute. The following examples assume that only a few
users should be able to request mounts, but that every user (except
those specifically disallowed) should be able to submit batch jobs:
RDEFINE TSOAUTH MOUNT UACC(NONE)
RDEFINE TSOAUTH JCL UACC(READ)
3. Use the PERMIT command to allow users and groups to use the TSO
resources. The following example shows how to allow users USERA and
USERB to specify logon procedure LOGPROC2 when they log on using TSO:
PERMIT LOGPROC2 CLASS(TSOPROC) ID(USERA USERB) ACCESS(READ)
4. Activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the TSO general resource

classes:
SETROPTS RACLIST(TSOPROC ACCTNUM PERFGRP TSOAUTH)
For more information on SETROPTS RACLIST processing, see section

SETROPTS Options to Activate In-Storage Profile Processing on page 126.
528
TSO/E
Note: If SETROPTS RACLIST processing is already activated for the TSO
general resource classes, you must refresh SETROPTS RACLIST
processing:
SETROPTS RACLIST(TSOPROC ACCTNUM PERFGRP TSOAUTH) REFRESH
For more information on refreshing SETROPTS RACLIST processing, see

section Refreshing Profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST Processing on page 130.

When a user logs on to TSO, TSO requests RACF authorization checking for
protected TSO resources such as account numbers and logon procedures. For
example, suppose that during logon, user SMITH requests the use of account
number 12345. If SMITH is authorized to use account number 12345, RACF grants
the request. If SMITH is not authorized to use account number 12345, the following
occur:
v A message is sent to the operator console indicating that user SMITH has been
denied access to a RACF-protected resource.
v An SMF record is generated indicating that RACF failed an attempt to access a
protected resource (unless your installation has specified an alternative auditing
option for account numbers).
v User SMITH is prompted to enter a valid account number.
RACF performs authorization checking in this manner for protected TSO resources
in the TSOPROC, ACCTNUM, and PERFGRP classes. For resources in the
TSOAUTH class, RACF performs authorization checking but no messages are sent
to the operator console and no SMF records are generated.
Field-Level Access Checking for TSO

You can use RACF to control which users can access fields in the TSO segments
of RACF profiles through field-level access checking. For more information on
field-level access checking, see Field-Level Access Checking on page 213.
Controlling the Use of the TSO SEND Command

You can control whether users can receive messages sent with the TSO SEND
command.
Notes:
1. When the SMESSAGE class is active and a profile does not exist for the
specified user, the SEND command completes normally.
2. When the SECLABEL class is active, the receiver of the message must pass
the security label authorization check based on the receivers current security
label and the security label of the message (which was set by the senders
current security label at the time that the sender issued the TSO SEND
command.)
To control the use of the TSO SEND command, do the following:
1. Create profiles in the SMESSAGE class:
RDEFINE SMESSAGE userid-of-receiver UACC(NONE)

PERMIT RECVR1 CLASS(SMESSAGE) ID(SENDER1) ACCESS(READ)
PERMIT RECVR2 CLASS(SMESSAGE) ID(SENDER2) ACCESS(NONE)
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TSO/E
where SENDER1 and SENDER2 are valid RACF user IDs or group names, and
RECVR1 and RECVR2 are valid RACF user IDs. The first PERMIT in the
example allows SENDER1 to send messages to RECVR1. The second PERMIT
in the example prevents SENDER2 from sending messages to RECVR2.
activate both the DIRAUTH class and the SMESSAGE class, and activate
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the SMESSAGE class. SETROPTS
RACLIST processing helps ensure high performance when access authorities
are checked. You can do these actions in one command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(SMESSAGE DIRAUTH) RACLIST(SMESSAGE)
Note: Any time you make a change to an SMESSAGE profile, you must also
refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the SMESSAGE class for
the change to take effect. For example:
SETROPTS RACLIST(SMESSAGE) REFRESH
Restricting Spool Access by TSO Users

Activating the JESSPOOL class provides protection against unauthorized spool
access through the use of the TSO OUTPUT and RECEIVE commands, as shown
in Table 39.
Only authorized users (that is, the creator of a data set or those granted access
through JESSPOOL profiles) have the authority to access SYSOUT data sets when
using the TSO OUTPUT command.
To allow users to use the TSO OUTPUT command, create profiles in the
JESSPOOL class and grant users access that they need. For more information, see
Defining Profiles for SYSIN and SYSOUT Data Sets on page 501.
Table 39. TSO Command Usage When RACF Protection Is Enabled
TSO Command
RACF Protection Provided
OUTPUT
Prevents unauthorized users from reading data sets or

changing the attributes of data sets on spool.
RECEIVE
Prevents unauthorized users from receiving transmitted data

sets that are classified at a level higher than the receivers
current authority.
TSO Commands That Relate to RACF

This section summarizes the TSO commands that relate to RACF. For complete
information on logging on to TSO and on TSO commands, see z/OS TSO/E Users
Guide and z/OS TSO/E System Programming Command Reference.
v Fields on the TSO/E logon panel
PASSWORD and NEW PASSWORD fields: Users should keep their
passwords in confidence. Users should also know how to change passwords
when logging on, and should know how to specify new passwords that pass
the syntax rules.
GROUP IDENT field: Specify this field only if list-of-groups processing is not in
effect and if the user wants the job to run with a group other than the users
default group.
SECLABEL field: Specify this field to log on with a security label other than
the users current security label.
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TSO/E
Users with the OIDCARD attribute must supply a valid operator identification
card during logon.
v Operands on the TSO LOGON command:
NEWPASSWORD (to specify a new password to replace the current
password)
GROUP (to specify the group name to which the user is connected during the
terminal session).
v Settings on the TSO PROFILE command:
PREFIX (used in determining the RRSFLIST data set name)
INTERCOM (determines whether RRSF uses SEND to send messages to the
command issuer for directed commands).
v Sending and receiving messages: Depending on how security labels are used on
your system, and on how SETROPTS options are set, users may need to be
aware of their current security label when they send or receive messages from
other users. For more information, see Controlling the Use of the TSO SEND
Command on page 529.
v Submitting and cancelling jobs: Users have flexibility with regard to which jobs
they can work with using the TSO SUBMIT and CANCEL commands. For more
information, see Surrogate Job Submission on page 481 and Controlling Who
Can Cancel Jobs by Job Name on page 480.
Using TSO When RACF Is Deactivated

While RACF is deactivated as a result of issuing the RVARY command, only users
defined in the SYS1.UADS data set can still log on to TSO, but RACF does not do
any processing. (For example, a user defined in SYS1.UADS who has the ADSP
attribute can allocate DASD data sets, but RACF is not called to define discrete
profiles for those data sets.)
If the TSO user has the WTPMSG option active, the user receives messages in the
session that indicate the identity of the resource being defined or accessed.
Therefore, you should notify users who have the ADSP attribute when RACF is not
active so that they are aware that profiles for newly-created data sets are not being
defined to RACF.
When RACF is reactivated, you should advise RACF users to log off TSO and log
on again to ensure they are connected to their proper RACF group.
531
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Chapter 20. RACF and z/OS UNIX

Defining group identifiers (GIDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining user identifiers (UIDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Listing UIDs and GIDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Superuser authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting z/OS UNIX user limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protected user IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling the use of shared UNIX identities . . . . . . . . .
Sharing IDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining the SHARED.IDS profile in the UNIXPRIV class . . . .
Using the SHARED operand . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enabling automatic assignment of UNIX identities . . . . . . .
Setting up the BPX.NEXT.USER profile . . . . . . . . . .
RRSF Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using default OMVS segments in USER and GROUP profiles . . .
z/OS UNIX performance considerations . . . . . . . . . . .
Converting to stage 3 of application identity mapping . . . . .
Using the UNIXMAP class and Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF). .
Activating the UNIXMAP class . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using UNIXMAP class profiles to map UIDs and GIDs . . . .
Using UNIXPRIV class profiles to manage z/OS UNIX privileges . .
Example of authorizing superuser privileges . . . . . . . . .
Allowing z/OS UNIX users to change file ownerships . . . . .
Using the CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED profile . . . . . . . .
Configuring the group owner for new UNIX files . . . . . . .
Using the FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profile . . . . . .
Protecting file system resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administering ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling access to file system resources for restricted users .
Overriding SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority with ACLs . . .
z/OS UNIX application considerations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Threads and security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application services and security . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application authorization service . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restrictions of RACF client ACEE support . . . . . . . . .
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This chapter describes using RACF with z/OS UNIX. The information presented
here can also be used with OS/390 UNIX unless otherwise indicated. This chapter
describes factors to consider when using RACF to manage group identifiers (GIDs)
and user identifiers (UIDs). It also describes how to map GIDs and UIDs to RACF
group names and user IDs.
The z/OS UNIX security functions provided by RACF include user validation, file
access checking, privileged user checking, and user limit checking. z/OS UNIX
users are defined with RACF commands. When a job starts or a user logs on, the
user ID and password are verified by RACF. When an address space requests an
z/OS UNIX function for the first time, RACF:
1. Verifies that the user is defined as a z/OS UNIX user.
2. Verifies that the users current connect group is defined as a z/OS UNIX group.
3. Initializes the control blocks needed for subsequent security checks.
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z/OS UNIX
Additional Reading
See z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for complete information on setting
up and using RACF in the z/OS UNIX environment.
See Special Considerations for Auditing z/OS UNIX on page 115 for
information on auditing z/OS UNIX security events.
See z/OS Security Server RACF Auditors Guide for complete information on
auditing in the RACF environment.
See z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria for
information about using security labels for z/OS UNIX files and directories.
Note: RACF program control does not control programs that are executed in any
way that bypasses MVS contents supervision, such as load modules
contained in z/OS UNIX files. Therefore, loading a program from a z/OS
UNIX file prevents you from opening a data set in a PADS
(program-access-to-data-sets) environment, and prevents you from loading a
program from an MVS library if you only have EXECUTE authority. You
should use program control to restrict access to any programs, such as
these, that provide facilities for bypassing MVS contents supervision. For
more information, see Chapter 9, Protecting Programs, on page 303.
Defining group identifiers (GIDs)

You can assign a group identifier (GID) to a RACF group by specifying a GID value
in the OMVS segment of the RACF group profile. When a GID is assigned to a
group, all users connected to this group as their default group who have a user
identifier (UID) in their user profile can use z/OS UNIX functions and can access
z/OS UNIX files based on the GID and UID values assigned. If a users current
connect group is not their default group, a GID must also be assigned to the current
connect group.
For example, the following command defines a GID for an existing RACF group:
ALTGROUP SECADMIN OMVS(GID(336))
For more information, see The OMVS Segment in Group Profiles on page 53 and
Using default OMVS segments in USER and GROUP profiles on page 541.
Although the same GID can be assigned to multiple RACF groups, it is not
recommended. If you assign the same GID to multiple groups, control at an
individual group level is lost because the GID is used in z/OS UNIX security checks.
RACF groups that have the same GID assignment are treated as a single group
during z/OS UNIX security checks.
You can enforce identity uniqueness when assigning UNIX identifiers. For more on
controlling GID uniqueness, refer to Controlling the use of shared UNIX identities
on page 537. A unique GID can be defined automatically using the AUTOGID
operand, as described in Enabling automatic assignment of UNIX identities on
page 538.
534
z/OS UNIX
For special considerations about using the RACF list-of-groups checking (GRPLIST)
option for access to z/OS UNIX file system resources, such as HFS files, see
GRPLIST Considerations for z/OS UNIX on page 113.
Defining user identifiers (UIDs)

You can assign a user identifier (UID) to a RACF user by specifying a UID value in
the OMVS segment of the RACF user profile. When assigning a UID to a user,
make sure that the users default group has an assigned GID. If the user specifies a
group during logon or on a batch job, this current connect group must also have an
assigned GID. A user with a UID and a default group (and current connect group, if
applicable) with a GID can use z/OS UNIX functions and access z/OS UNIX files
based on the assigned UID and GID values. If a UID and GID are not available as
described, the user cannot use z/OS UNIX functions.
For example, the following command defines a UID, and other OMVS segment
information, for an existing RACF user:
ALTUSER KAMAL OMVS(UID(122649) HOME(/) PROGRAM(/bin/sh))
For more information, see The OMVS Segment in User Profiles on page 68 and
Using default OMVS segments in USER and GROUP profiles on page 541.
Although you can assign the same UID to multiple users, it is not recommended.
However, it may be necessary for some cases, such as superusers. If you assign
the same UID to multiple users, control at an individual user level is lost because
the UID is used in z/OS UNIX security checks. Users with the same UID
assignment are treated as a single user during z/OS UNIX security checks.
You can enforce identity uniqueness when automatically assigning UNIX identifiers.
For more on controlling UID uniqueness, refer to Controlling the use of shared
UNIX identities on page 537. A unique UID can be defined using the AUTOUID
operand, as described in Enabling automatic assignment of UNIX identities on
page 538.
Listing UIDs and GIDs

You can list the RACF users and groups associated with UIDs and GIDs using the
following methods:
1. ISPF shell. See z/OS UNIX System Services Users Guide for information about
using the ISPF shell.
2. RACF database unload utility (IRRDBU00). See Using the RACF Database
Unload Utility (IRRDBU00) on page 352 for information.
3. If you use UNIXMAP profiles to associate RACF users and groups with UIDs
and GIDs, you can also use RLIST command. For example:
v To see the RACF groups that are associated with GID 237, enter:
RLIST UNIXMAP G237 ALL
v To see the RACF user IDs that are associated with UID 0, enter:
RLIST UNIXMAP U0 ALL
v To see all RACF groups and user IDs associated with GIDs and UIDs, enter:
RLIST UNIXMAP * ALL
For information about the UNIXMAP class, see Using the UNIXMAP class
and Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF) on page 543.
4. For installations at AIM stage 2 or higher, you can list a set of users or groups
with a specific UID or GID, for example using 223 for the UID value and 55
for the GID value, enter:
535
z/OS UNIX
SEARCH CLASS(USER) UID(223)
SEARCH CLASS(GROUP) GID(55)
Superuser authority
A UID of 0 is used to define an z/OS UNIX superuser. A superuser can perform any
z/OS UNIX function and passes all z/OS UNIX security checks. Users running with
the trusted or privileged attribute (for example, started tasks or jobs assigned by a
RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY exit) are considered z/OS UNIX superusers even
if their assigned UID is a value other than 0.
You may choose to assign the UID of 0 to multiple RACF user IDs. However, you
should seek to minimize the assignment of superuser authority in your installation.
You can accomplish this by setting z/OS UNIX user limits, and by managing
superuser privileges through UNIXPRIV profiles. See Using UNIXPRIV class
profiles to manage z/OS UNIX privileges on page 546 for more information.
Setting z/OS UNIX user limits

You can control the amount of resources consumed by certain z/OS UNIX users by
setting individual limits for these users. The resource limits for the majority of z/OS
UNIX users are specified in the BPXPRMxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB. These
limits apply to all users except those with UID 0 (superuser authority). Rather than
assigning superuser authority to application servers and other users so they can
exceed BPXPRMxx limits, you can individually set higher limits to these users.
Setting user limits allows you to minimize the number of assignments of superuser
authority at your installation and reduces your security risk.
You can specify z/OS UNIX user limits by choosing options on the ADDUSER or
ALTUSER commands. The limits are stored in the OMVS segment of the user
profile. The following limits may be set in the OMVS user segment:
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ASSIZEMAX
Maximum address space size (RLIMIT_AS)
CPUTIMEMAX
Maximum CPU time (RLIMIT_CPU)
FILEPROCMAX
Maximum number of files per process
MEMLIMIT
Maximum number of bytes of non-shared memory

per user
MMAPAREAMAX
Maximum memory map size
PROCUSERMAX
Maximum number of processes per UID
SHMEMMAX
Maximum number of bytes of shared memory per

user
THREADSMAX
Maximum number of threads per process
Once you have set individual user limits for users who require higher resource
limits, you should consider removing their superuser authority. You should also
reevaluate your installations BPXPRMxx limits and consider reducing these limits.
See z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for more information.
Protected user IDs

You can define protected user IDs for started procedures associated with z/OS
UNIX, such as the kernel, the initialization started procedure, and important
daemons that are critical to the availability of your z/OS UNIX system. This prevents
these user IDs from being revoked through inadvertent or malicious incorrect
536
z/OS UNIX
password attempts, or from being used for other purposes, such as logging on to
the system. For more information, see Defining Protected User IDs on page 87.
Controlling the use of shared UNIX identities

Controlling the use of shared UNIX identities is a prerequisite to using automatic ID
assignment. See Enabling automatic assignment of UNIX identities on page 538.
Sharing IDs
By default, RACF does not prohibit the sharing of UIDs and GIDs among any
number of users or groups. However, you can control enforcement of unique UNIX
identifiers by defining a profile called SHARED.IDS in the UNIXPRIV class.
Rules:
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1. Application identity mapping (AIM) must be implemented if you wish to define

and use SHARED.IDS. If the RACF command detects that the SHARED.IDS
profile is defined, but the RACF database is not at least at AIM stage 2, the
command fails and message IRR52176I is issued. Refer to z/OS Security
Server RACF System Programmers Guide for more information on using the
IRRIRA00 utility to advance to AIM stage 2.
2. The maximum number of user IDs that can share a UID (or groups that share a
GID) is 129 assuming a length of 8 characters for each. More user IDs or
groups can share if the average length is less than 8 characters each. Once this
limit is reached, you might consider combining user ID functions, such as those
of started tasks or daemons, to reduce the number of user IDs sharing the
same UID. Another option is to administer UNIXPRIV profiles that grant
superuser authorities to reduce your need to share UID 0. For more information,
see Using UNIXPRIV class profiles to manage z/OS UNIX privileges on page
546.
3. RACF can only enforce uniqueness of UIDs and GIDs assigned using the RACF
TSO commands, RACF ISPF panels, or the R_admin callable service
(IRRSEQ00). RACF cannot enforce uniqueness of UIDs and GIDs that are
assigned by installation programs that invoke the ICHEINTY or RACROUTE
macros.
Recommendation: If shared UIDs and GIDs already exist at your installation, make
an effort to minimize their use. Use the IRRDBU00 reports called UIDS and GIDS
to find occurrences of shared IDs, and change them to unique IDs where
appropriate.
Defining the SHARED.IDS profile in the UNIXPRIV class

To control the use of shared IDs, a resource called SHARED.IDS can be defined in
the UNIXPRIV class. Generic characters cannot be used in this profile name. Since
the UNIXPRIV class must be RACLISTed, the administrator needs to refresh the
class after defining or altering the SHARED.IDS profile. The following commands
implement the SHARED.IDS profile:
RDEFINE UNIXPRIV SHARED.IDS UACC(NONE)
SETROPTS CLASSACT(UNIXPRIV) RACLIST(UNIXPRIV)
SETROPTS RACLIST(UNIXPRIV) REFRESH
Once you define this profile, the default behavior of the ADDUSER, ALTUSER,
ADDGROUP, and ALTGROUP commands are changed for the UID and GID
operands for the OMVS segment. Any attempt to assign an ID already in use fails
537
z/OS UNIX
with message IRR52174I being issued. Similarly, if you attempt to assign the same
ID to a group of names on a single command, the command fails with message
IRR52185I being issued.
Once the SHARED.IDS profile has been defined, if you wish to make an exception
to the enforcement of UNIX identity uniqueness, the SHARED operand must be
used.
Using the SHARED operand

After defining SHARED.IDS, if you wish to make an exception and create a shared
UID (as may be the case for UID 0), the SHARED operand must be used. For
example:
ADDUSER SUPERGUY OMVS(UID(0) SHARED HOME(/) PROGRAM(/bin/echo)) NOPASSWORD
ADDGROUP DUDES OMVS(GID(99) SHARED)
To specify the SHARED operand, you must have the SPECIAL attribute or at least
READ authority to the SHARED.IDS profile in the UNIXPRIV class. For example:
PERMIT SHARED.IDS CLASS(UNIXPRIV) ID(USSADMIN) ACCESS(READ)
If specified, the SHARED operand is ignored when:

v
v
v
v
The
The
The
The
SHARED.IDS profile is not RACLISTed

UID or GID operand is omitted
specified UID or GID value is unique
specified UID or GID value is identical to the current UID or GID value.
Enabling automatic assignment of UNIX identities

RACF can automatically generate a unique ID value in the OMVS segment upon
your request. This is done by defining a profile called BPX.NEXT.USER in the
FACILITY class (see Setting up the BPX.NEXT.USER profile on page 539) and
then, specifying:
v the AUTOUID operand of the ADDUSER and ALTUSER commands
v the AUTOGID operand of the ADDGROUP and ALTGROUP commands
For example:
ADDUSER
ALTUSER
ADDGROUP
ALTGROUP
MARCY
COLDEN
DACKS
FORTY6RS
OMVS(HOME(/u/marcy) PROGRAM(/bin/sh) AUTOUID)

OMVS(AUTOUID)
OMVS(AUTOGID)
OMVS(AUTOGID)
Upon successful command completion, informational message IRR52177I is issued

to indicate the assigned value. For example:
IRR52177I User MARCY was assigned an OMVS UID value of 5344.
For the ALTUSER and ALTGROUP commands, AUTOUID and AUTOGID cannot be
used to change the ID value if one exists for the user. However, it is not considered
an error if the existing ID is unique, meaning it is not shared. If it is not unique, the
command fails and message IRR52178I is issued.
If you attempt to use automatic assignment (AUTOUID) with a list of users or
groups, the command will fail with message IRR52184I being issued. For example:
ADDUSER (TOM DICK HARRY) OMVS(AUTOUID)
538
z/OS UNIX
Notes:
v Implementing SHARED.IDS and BPX.NEXT.USER is a prerequisite to completing
successful automatic ID assignment.
v The AUTOUID and AUTOGID operands cannot be specified with the SHARED
operand. Doing so results in command failure and message IRR52186I being
issued.
v AUTOUID is ignored if UID or NOUID is specified.
v AUTOGID is ignored if GID or NOGID is specified.
For more information on these commands, refer to the z/OS Security Server RACF
Setting up the BPX.NEXT.USER profile

BPX.NEXT.USER is a FACILITY class profile that is used by RACF to derive
unused UID and GID values. Note that the FACILITY class does not have to be
active for RACF to use BPX.NEXT.USER. When creating the BPX.NEXT.USER
profile, generic characters cannot be used in the name.
The APPLDATA field contains the starting UID or GID value or range of values
separated by a forward slash (/). The starting value is the value RACF attempts to
use in ID assignment, after determining that the ID is not in use. If it is in use the
value is incremented until an appropriate value is found.
For example, to have RACF start automatic assignment with a UID value of 1 and a
GID value of 0, issue:
RDEFINE FACILITY BPX.NEXT.USER APPLDATA(1/0)
When the maximum value of 2 147 483 647 is reached, subsequent automatic ID
assignment attempts fail and message IRR52181I is issued.
The starting value used is chosen at your discretion. For example, if UID values
02000 are already in use, and GID values 0200 are already in use, you should
use a UID starting value of 2001 and a GID starting value of 201:
RALTER FACILITY BPX.NEXT.USER APPLDATA(2001/201)
Specifying NOAUTO as a qualifier in the APPLDATA, or omitting the qualifier,

prevents automatic ID assignment. For example, if you use employee serial
numbers as convention in assigning UIDs and do not want to use automatic
assignment, but do wish to use automatic GID assignment starting at 3000, issue:
RDEFINE FACILITY BPX.NEXT.USER APPLDATA(NOAUTO/3000)
Ranges can be useful in an RRSF environment. Specify a starting and ending value
separated by a dash (-) if you want to include a range of values. Both values
must be valid UID or GID values and the second must be greater than the first.
Ranges can be specified independently for UIDs or GIDs. For example:
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
BPX.NEXT.USER
BPX.NEXT.USER
BPX.NEXT.USER
BPX.NEXT.USER
APPLDATA(50000-80000/3000-10000)
APPLDATA(50000/3000-10000)
APPLDATA(50000-80000/3000)
APPLDATA(NOAUTO/3000-10000)
Notes:
v You cannot specify blanks in the APPLDATA string.
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v Syntax checking of APPLDATA does not occur until AUTOUID and AUTOGID
operands are specified on the ADDUSER, ALTUSER, ADDGROUP, and
ALTGROUP commands.
v If you have defined BPX.NEXT.USER with incorrect APPLDATA, issuing
AUTOUID or AUTOGID fails with message IRR52187I being issued.
v You can change the APPLDATA values at any time.
v After successful automatic ID assignment, RACF updates the APPLDATA starting
value with either the next potential value or end of range.
RRSF Considerations
RACF does two things to facilitate automatic ID assignment in an RRSF
environment in order to prevent different nodes from arriving at the same ID values
independently for different users and then propagating these updates on the
network.
1. RACF suppresses propagation of its own internal updates to the
BPX.NEXT.USER profile. This prevents RACF from altering the
BPX.NEXT.USER profile on other RRSF nodes when you are using automatic
direction of application updates for the FACILITY class.
2. RACF alters the command image on the source node before propagating it out
to other RRSF nodes. RACF inserts the generated ID value into the command
image so (from the perspective of the target node) an explicit ID assignment is
being requested. This protects you when automatic command direction is in
effect for USER and GROUP profiles.
For example, if you issue
ADDUSER SEYMOUR OMVS(AUTOUID HOME(/u/seymour) PROGRAM(bin/sh))
and RACF arrives at a UID value of 4120 through BPX.NEXT.USER, the command
propagated out is:
ADDUSER SEYMOUR OMVS(AUTOUID UID(4120) HOME(/u/seymour) PROGRAM(/bin/sh))
The BPX.NEXT.USER profile on the target node is not used as a result of receiving
an update that involved automatic ID generation at the source node (when the
ADDUSER command runs on the target node, AUTOUID is ignored because UID is
specified).
To avoid ID collisions on your RRSF network, you should do either of the following:
v Use non-overlapping ID ranges on each of the RRSF nodes to avoid conflicts
when an automatic ID request is made on a given node and propagated to any
other node.
Since you do not want APPLDATA updates being propagated between nodes,
you should be careful when defining and altering BPX.NEXT.USER if automatic
command direction is active for the FACILITY class. Using the ONLYAT operand
(on the RALTER and RDEFINE commands) when you change BPX.NEXT.USER
prevents propagation of a nodes APPLDATA. ONLYAT must be used whether
you are creating the BPX.NEXT.USER profile on a local or remote node.
For example, to define the BPX.NEXT.USER profile on the local node, issue:
RALTER FACILITY BPX.NEXT.USER APPLDATA(10000-19999/10000-19999)
ONLYAT(.MYID)
For example, to define the BPX.NEXT.USER profile on a remote node called

NODEB, issue:
RALTER FACILITY BPX.NEXT.USER APPLDATA(20000-29999/20000-29999)
ONLYAT(NODEB.MYID)
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z/OS UNIX
v Require that user and group updates (specifically, those involving UID and GID
requests) be performed on a single node, and propagated to other RRSF nodes
from this node. Though you do not have to be concerned with the contents of
BPX.NEXT.USER on any node other than the source node (whether or not
automatic command direction or automatic direction of application updates is
being used), all nodes should be running with SHARED.IDS implemented.
Using default OMVS segments in USER and GROUP profiles

You should define a UID for each user and a GID for each group that needs access
to z/OS UNIX functions and resources. If you have a large number of users who
need access to z/OS UNIX applications, such as FTP, you can set up RACF so that
it automatically uses default OMVS segments for users and groups that do not have
OMVS segments in their USER or GROUP profiles. To do this, you need to:
1. Create a FACILITY class profile called BPX.DEFAULT.USER.
2. Specify a user ID, or a user ID and group name, in the application data field of
that profile.
3. Ensure that a USER profile exists for the user ID you specified in step 2, and
that a UID is specified in its OMVS segment. Similarly, ensure that a GROUP
profile exists for the group name, and that a GID is specified in its OMVS
segment, if you specified a group name in step 2.
RACF command processing does not perform any checking to ensure that the
application data points to a valid user ID, or a valid user ID and group name, or
that the USER and GROUP profiles contain OMVS segments. However, in order
for default OMVS segment processing to occur for users who do not have
individual OMVS segments, the USER or GROUP profile must exist.
z/OS UNIX user limits specified in the OMVS segment of the default USER profile
are used during default OMVS segment processing. Therefore, if you expect a large
number of users to use the default USER OMVS segment, you might consider
setting user limits there rather than raising system limits.
If
v
v
v
v
any of the following are true, default OMVS segment processing will not occur:
The FACILITY class is inactive.
The FACILITY class profile BPX.DEFAULT.USER does not exist.
There is no application data in the BPX.DEFAULT.USER profile.
The application data in the BPX.DEFAULT.USER profile does not contain the
name of an existing USER profile, or the names of existing USER and GROUP
profiles.
v When looking for a UID, the USER profile found using the application data does
not contain an OMVS segment, or its OMVS segment does not contain a UID.
v When looking for a GID, the GROUP profile found using the application data
does not contain an OMVS segment, or its OMVS segment does not contain a
GID.
The processing of the default OMVS segments for the user and the current connect
group are independent of each other. The OMVS segment of the user specified on
the initUSP callable service may be used to obtain the UID, and the GID may come
from the group name specified in the FACILITY class profile. Similarly, when the
default UID found via the user ID specified in the FACILITY class profile is used,
the GID may come from the users current connect group. Also, the user ID
specified in the FACILITY class profile does not need to be a member of the group
name specified in that profile. These values are used independently.
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z/OS UNIX
In the following example, the security administrator sets up the default USER and
GROUP OMVS segments in preparation for the installations migration to z/OS
UNIX. In this case, a new user and group profile will be created to contain the
defaults, and the FACILITY class has already been activated.
ADDUSER OEDFLT NAME(OE DEFAULT USER) OMVS(UID(888888) HOME(/u/OEDFLT))
ADDGROUP OEGROUP OMVS(GID(17))
RDEFINE FACILITY BPX.DEFAULT.USER APPLDATA(OEDFLT/OEGROUP)
The format of the application data is exactly as shown when a default is being set
up for both USER and GROUP OMVS segments. To set up a default for the USER
OMVS segment only, the format is:
APPLDATA(OEDFLT)
Note: When defining APPLDATA in the BPX.DEFAULT.USER profile, you may

specify a user ID from which to obtain default OMVS segment information, or
you may specify a user ID and a group name, but you cannot specify only a
group name.
If you wish to use individual USER OMVS segments but make use of a default
GROUP OMVS segment, you must specify both a valid user ID and a valid group
name in the APPLDATA field. RACF will ignore the default USER OMVS
specification for any user who has an individual OMVS segment. Similarly, RACF
will ignore the default GROUP OMVS specification for any group that has an
individual OMVS segment.
At your option, you may define individual USER OMVS segments that do not
contain UIDs for certain user IDs. This will prevent these user IDs from being used
to access z/OS UNIX services. For example, daemons will be unable to switch to
these user IDs.
As an alternative, you may wish to use the default GROUP OMVS segment but
prevent most users at your installation from accessing z/OS UNIX services. Do this
by defining a USER OMVS segment that does not contain a UID in the USER
profile specified in the APPLDATA field of the BPX.DEFAULT.USER profile. RACF
will ignore the default USER OMVS specification for any users who have individual
OMVS segments. If these users have UIDs defined in their OMVS segments, they
will be able to access z/OS UNIX services.
z/OS UNIX performance considerations

Associating RACF user IDs and groups to UIDs and GIDs has important
performance considerations. If your installation shares the RACF database with
systems running releases prior to OS/390 Version 2 Release 10, it is important to
use the Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF) classes IRRUMAP and IRRGMAP and the
UNIXMAP class to improve performance by avoiding sequential searches of the
RACF database for UID and GID associations. If your installation shares the RACF
database with only systems running z/OS, or OS/390 Version 2 Release 10 or
above, you may be able to achieve improved performance without using UNIXMAP.
However, before you can avoid using UNIXMAP, you must ask your system
programmer if your installation has reached stage 3 of application identity mapping
by running the IRRIRA00 conversion utility. If your installation is new to RACF and
you are not running any releases prior to OS/390 Version 2 Release 10, you will
automatically take advantage of application identity mapping at the stage 3 level
without running the IRRIRA00 conversion utility, and you will not need to use
UNIXMAP to achieve improved performance.
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z/OS UNIX
Converting to stage 3 of application identity mapping

Your system programmer can convert your RACF database to stage 3 of application
identity mapping using the IRRIRA00 conversion utility. See z/OS Security Server
RACF System Programmers Guide for information about running the IRRIRA00
conversion utility. In stage 3, RACF locates application identities, such as UIDs and
GIDs, for users and groups by looking in VLF and then using an alias index that is
automatically maintained by RACF. This allows RACF to more efficiently handle
authentication and authorization requests from applications such as z/OS UNIX than
was possible using other methods, such as the UNIXMAP class. Once your
installation reaches stage 3 of application identity mapping, you will no longer have
UNIXMAP class profiles on your system, and you can deactivate the UNIXMAP
class.
Using the UNIXMAP class and Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF)

to OS/390 Version 2 Release 10, it is important to use Virtual Lookaside Facility
(VLF) and the UNIXMAP class to improve performance. You may also need to use
VLF and UNIXMAP class if your system programmer has not yet converted your
systems for stage 3 of application identity mapping. See z/OS Security Server
RACF System Programmers Guide for information about converting to stage 3 by
running the IRRIRA00 conversion utility.
VLF (and the associated VLF classes IRRUMAP and IRRGMAP) and the UNIXMAP
class are used to map UIDs to RACF user IDs and GIDs to RACF group names.
Both VLF and the UNIXMAP class can be either active or inactive. Table 40 shows
how these states affect performance. It is recommended that both the UNIXMAP
class and VLF remain active, and that the VLF classes IRRUMAP and IRRGMAP
should be defined to VLF.
Table 40. The UNIXMAP Class and VLF: Effects on Performance for Installations That Have
Not Reached Stage 3 of Application Identity Mapping
State
Performance
Active
UNIXMAP class
Active
VLF
Active
UNIXMAP class
Inactive
VLF
Inactive
UNIXMAP class
Active
VLF
Running in this state at all times will give you the best
performance.
If VLF is inactive, requests for UID-to-user-ID mapping
and GID-to-group-name mapping must access a
UNIXMAP class profile in the database, which degrades
performance. Running with VLF inactive should be done
only when you need to stop VLF to make changes to it.
If the UNIXMAP class is inactive, requests for
UID-to-user-ID mapping and GID-to-group-name
mapping must search the entire RACF database when
the UID or GID specified is not found in VLF. Running in
this state degrades performance severely. The inactive
state for the UNIXMAP class is provided as a migration
aid. After migration is complete, you should never need
to run with the UNIXMAP class inactive.
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z/OS UNIX
Table 40. The UNIXMAP Class and VLF: Effects on Performance for Installations That Have
Not Reached Stage 3 of Application Identity Mapping (continued)
State
Performance
Inactive
UNIXMAP class
Inactive
VLF
Running with both VLF inactive and the UNIXMAP class

inactive causes requests for UID-to-user-ID mapping
and GID-to-group-name mapping to default to searching
the RACF database on each request. Running in this
state significantly degrades performance of these
functions. It could also affect other systems in a
complex sharing the RACF database because of the
increased I/O to the database. It is recommended that
you never run in this state.
You have the option to cache additional z/OS UNIX security information in VLF. This
capability allows RACF to avoid accessing the RACF database when called to
create a security environment for z/OS UNIX users. To use the cached user security
(USP) packet, the IRRSMAP class must be defined to VLF. For more information,
see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
For information about the effect of certain RACF commands on VLF, see RACF
Commands for Flushing a VLF Cache on page 334.
For more information on VLF, see:
v z/OS MVS Planning: Operations
v z/OS MVS Initialization and Tuning Guide
v z/OS MVS Initialization and Tuning Reference
Activating the UNIXMAP class

The UNIXMAP class is not used for UID and GID lookups until you activate it at
your installation. It should be left inactive until the steps listed below are performed
to initially populate the UNIXMAP class with information that may already exist in
user and group profiles in the database having OMVS segments. z/OS UNIX can
be active while the initial population takes place. Once the UNIXMAP class is
initially populated, it should be activated.
How to initially populate the UNIXMAP class: If your installation already uses
z/OS UNIX, or OS/390 UNIX, and has OMVS segments defined in group or user
profiles, you should perform the following steps. If you have not used z/OS UNIX or
OS/390 UNIX, you do not need to perform these steps.
To
1.
2.
3.
initially populate the UNIXMAP class, do the following:

Quiesce administrative activity against users and groups.
Run the database unload utility (IRRDBU00) against the database.
Read instructions at the beginning of the REXX migration exec (in the
IRR30858 member of SYS1.SAMPLIB) concerning what data sets are to be
used in your environment. After reading the exec and modifying it appropriately,
run it against the database unload utility output. It produces a file containing
RDEFINE and PERMIT commands that will populate the UNIXMAP class. Do
not execute this command file yet.
4. Issue SETROPTS NOADDCREATOR. This is very important because you do
not want the ID of the user who runs the command file produced in step 3 on
the access list of all the profiles in this new class.
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z/OS UNIX
5. Execute the command file produced in step 3. When you execute this file, you
may see messages ICH408I and ICH10102I, indicating that some profile is
already defined to the UNIXMAP class. This occurs if a UID maps to more than
one user ID or if a GID maps to more than one group name.
6. If SETROPTS ADDCREATOR was in effect prior to step 4, issue SETR
ADDCREATOR now to restore that setting.
7. Issue SETROPTS CLASSACT(UNIXMAP). The UNIXMAP profiles will now be
used to do UID and GID lookups. To maintain performance, it is recommended
that the UNIXMAP class remain active.
Administrative activity can now be resumed against users and groups. From this
point, RACF automatically keeps the UNIXMAP profiles synchronized with the user
and group profiles.
Using UNIXMAP class profiles to map UIDs and GIDs

For each UID that is defined in the OMVS segment of a USER profile, a general
resource profile named Uuid in the UNIXMAP class is automatically created. The
access list of the Uuid profile contains all user IDs that have been assigned this
UID.
For each GID that is defined in the OMVS segment of a GROUP profile, a general
resource profile named Ggid in the UNIXMAP class is automatically created. The
access list of the Ggid profile contains all groups that have been assigned this GID.
These mapping profiles are used to provide a cross reference to USER and
GROUP profiles. They provide RACF with a performance-sensitive method of
returning information for a given UID or GID when requested by z/OS UNIX or
application programs.
RACF automatically maintains these mapping profiles when UIDs and GIDs are
added, changed, or deleted. The UNIXMAP class does not have to be active for this
to happen. RACF does this by modifying UNIXMAP class profiles appropriately
when ADDUSER, ALTUSER, DELUSER, ADDGROUP, ALTGROUP, or DELGROUP
commands are issued. When RACF creates UNIXMAP profiles as a result of an
ADDUSER, ALTUSER, ADDGROUP or ALTGROUP command, the user ID of the
command issuer becomes the owner of the UNIXMAP profile.
For example, if the following command is issued:
ADDUSER ORTIZ OMVS(UID(13))
RACF creates a UNIXMAP profile named U13 with ORTIZ contained on the access
list. If the following command is subsequently issued:
ALTUSER ORTIZ OMVS(UID(55))
RACF deletes the U13 profile and creates a U55 profile with ORTIZ contained on
the access list.
In general, you should not alter these profiles. However, it is possible that they
might get inadvertently deleted, or damaged by database corruption. If a profile is
deleted, or if the user is not contained in its access list, RACF will not be able to
retrieve information for the UID or GID that the profile represented. RACF will be
unable to locate the mapping profile and will send z/OS UNIX a return code
indicating that the UID or GID is not known.
If this happens, an authorized user needs to repair the damage. First, see if the
user name associated with the UID or the group name associated with the GID can
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z/OS UNIX
be determined from a message displayed by RACF. For example, suppose you
received an error message associated with user ORTIZ. You should display the UID
associated with the user profile for ORTIZ by entering:
LISTUSER ORTIZ OMVS NORACF
If, for example, LISTUSER displays a UID of 13, you would then enter:
RDEFINE UNIXMAP U13 UACC(NONE)
PERMIT U13 CLASS(UNIXMAP) ACCESS(NONE) ID(ORTIZ)
PERMIT U13 CLASS(UNIXMAP) ID(your-userid) DELETE
If your environment has the SETROPTS NOADDCREATOR option in effect, the

second PERMIT command is not necessary because RDEFINE does not put the
profile creator on the access list.
If you are unable to determine the user name or group name from a RACF
message, look at the output from the database unload utility (IRRDBU00) to find the
user ID or group associated with a given UID or GID. The mapping profiles should
then be added, changed, or deleted as appropriate to be consistent.
Using UNIXPRIV class profiles to manage z/OS UNIX privileges

You can define profiles in the UNIXPRIV class to grant RACF authorization for
certain z/OS UNIX privileges. These privileges are automatically granted to all users
with z/OS UNIX superuser authority. By defining profiles in the UNIXPRIV class,
you may specifically grant certain superuser privileges with a high degree of
granularity to users who do not have superuser authority. This allows you to
minimize the number of assignments of superuser authority at your installation and
reduces your security risk.
Resource names in the UNIXPRIV class are associated with z/OS UNIX privileges.
You must define profiles in the UNIXPRIV class protecting these resources in order
to use RACF authorization to grant z/OS UNIX privileges. The UNIXPRIV class
must be active and SETROPTS RACLIST must be in effect for the UNIXPRIV class.
Global access checking is not used for authorization checking to UNIXPRIV
resources.
See z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for a list of the resource names available
in the UNIXPRIV class, the z/OS UNIX privilege associated with each resource, and
the level of access required to grant the privilege.
Example of authorizing superuser privileges

The following examples apply to superuser privileges, except the privilege
associated with the CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED resource (see Using the
CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED profile on page 547). For example, these are the steps
to authorize selected users to transfer ownership of any file.
1. Define a profile in the UNIXPRIV class to protect the resource called
SUPERUSER.FILESYS.CHOWN. For example:
RDEFINE UNIXPRIV SUPERUSER.FILESYS.CHOWN UACC(NONE)
Note: Generic profile names are generally permitted for resources in the
UNIXPRIV class, though there are certain exceptions such as the
CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED resource. These examples are documented in
their appropriate sections. If you wish to authorize all file-system
privileges, you can use generics and define a profile called
SUPERUSER.FILESYS.**.
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z/OS UNIX
2. Authorize selected users or groups as appropriate:
PERMIT SUPERUSER.FILESYS.CHOWN CLASS(UNIXPRIV)
ID(appropriate-groups-and-users) ACCESS(READ)
3. Activate the UNIXPRIV class, if it is not currently active at your installation:

SETROPTS CLASSACT(UNIXPRIV)
Note: If you do not activate the UNIXPRIV class and activate SETROPTS
RACLIST processing for the UNIXPRIV class, only superusers will be
allowed to transfer ownership of any file.
4. You must activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the UNIXPRIV class, if
it is not already active. For a complete description of this function, see
SETROPTS RACLIST Processing on page 128.
SETROPTS RACLIST(UNIXPRIV)
Note: If SETROPTS RACLIST processing is already in effect for the UNIXPRIV

class, you must refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing in order for
new or changed profiles in the UNIXPRIV class to take effect.
Allowing z/OS UNIX users to change file ownerships

On z/OS UNIX systems, RACF enforces the rules for the POSIX constant called
_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED. This means that, by default, only superusers can change
the ownership of any file to any UID or GID on the system, and that general users
can only change the ownership of files that they own, and only to one of their own
associated GIDs. By defining a profile called CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED, you can
indicate that _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED is not effect. This allows all z/OS UNIX users
to transfer ownership of files they own to any UID or GID on the system.
You can define an additional profile in the UNIXPRIV class protecting a resource
called SUPERUSER.FILESYS.CHOWN to authorize selected z/OS UNIX users to
transfer ownership of any file to any UID or GID. See Example of authorizing
superuser privileges on page 546 for an example of authorizing users using the
SUPERUSER.FILESYS.CHOWN resource.
Using the CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED profile

To allow all z/OS UNIX users to transfer ownership of files they own to any UID or
GID on the system, create a discrete profile in the UNIXPRIV class called
CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED. If this profile is defined on your system,
_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED will not be in effect, and all z/OS UNIX users will be
allowed to issue the chown command to transfer ownership of files that they own.
The profile that you define in the UNIXPRIV class called CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED
must be a discrete profile. Any matching generic profiles will be ignored. No access
list is needed for this profile. RACF checks only for the existence of this profile. Any
access list will be ignored.
To allow z/OS UNIX users to transfer ownership for files they own, take the
following steps:
1. Define the discrete profile in the UNIXPRIV class called
CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED:
RDEFINE UNIXPRIV CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED
2. Activate the UNIXPRIV class, if it is not currently active at your installation:

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z/OS UNIX
Note: If you do not activate the UNIXPRIV class and activate SETROPTS
RACLIST processing for the UNIXPRIV class, only superusers will be
allowed to transfer ownership of files to others.
3. You must activate SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the UNIXPRIV class, if
it is not already active. For a complete description of this function, see
SETROPTS RACLIST Processing on page 128.
Note: If SETROPTS RACLIST processing is already in effect for the UNIXPRIV

class, you must refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing in order for the
CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED profile to take effect.
Configuring the group owner for new UNIX files

When a new UNIX file is created on z/OS, by default, the owning UID is initialized
from the effective UID of the creating process, and the owning GID is copied from
the parent directory. The POSIX standard allows the owning GID to be taken either
from the parent directory, or from the effective GID of the creating process.
Many versions of UNIX and Linux use the set-gid bit of the parent directory to
determine how to set a new objects group owner. If the parents set-gid bit is on,
then the group owner is set to that of the parent directory. Otherwise, it is set from
the effective GID of the process. Further, the set-gid bit for a new directory is
inherited from the parent directory.
This behavior can be configured on z/OS by defining the
FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profile in the UNIXPRIV class.
Using the FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profile

To specify that the group owner of a new HFS file is to come from the effective GID
of the creating process, you need to set up a profile in the UNIXPRIV class called
FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID.
Steps for setting up the FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profile: Perform the
following steps to set up the FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profile:
1.
Define the FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profile. Generic characters cannot be

used in this profile name.
RDEFINE UNIXPRIV FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID
2.
Activate the UNIXPRIV class if it is not currently active at your installation.

3.
Activate the SETROPTS RACLIST processing for the UNIXPRIV class if it is

not already active.
If SETROPTS RACLIST processing is already in effect for the UNIXPRIV class,

you must refresh SETROPTS RACLIST processing in order for the
FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profile to take effect.
Attention: When a new file system is mounted, you must turn on the set-gid bit of
its root directory if you want new objects within the file system to have their group
owner set to that of the parent directory.
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z/OS UNIX
Protecting file system resources

z/OS UNIX file system resources, such as hierarchical file system (HFS) files and
directories, can be protected by permission bits that are stored within the file
system itself in the file security packet (FSP) and by access control lists (ACLs) that
are also stored in the file system.
Permission bits allow specification of read authority, write authority, or search
authority for a directory. They also allow specification of read, write, or execute for a
file. There are three sets of bits so that separate authorities can be specified for the
owner of the file or directory, the owning group, and everyone else (like RACFs
universal access authority, or UACC). The owner is represented by a UID. The
owning group is represented by a GID. Access checking compares the users UID
and GID to the ones stored in the FSP.
Access control lists (ACLs) are used in conjunction with permission bits. ACLs
provide a more granular level of access control for files and directories, allowing
you to control access by individual UIDs and GIDs. Authorization checking for ACLs
is done by RACF. However, you administer ACLs using z/OS UNIX commands,
particularly the setfacl and getfacl commands. For several examples of using these
commands to manage ACLs, see z/OS UNIX System Services Planning. ACLs are
automatically deleted whenever a file is deleted. This occurs even when a file
system with ACLs is mounted on a downlevel system.
z/OS UNIX files and directories can also be protected using security labels. See
z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the Common Criteria for more information.
Administering ACLs
The z/OS UNIX setfacl command is used to create, modify, and delete ACLs. The
z/OS UNIX getfacl command is used to display the contents of ACLs. To create
and administer an ACL for a file, you must either be the file owner or you must have
superuser authority by having UID(0) or READ access to
SUPERUSER.FILESYS.CHANGEPERMS in the UNIXPRIV class.
You can also use setfacl to create default (or model) ACLs for directories. When
new objects are created within the directory, the default ACL is automatically
inherited by the new object. See z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for complete
information on using ACLs.
You must activate the FSSEC class before ACLs can be used in access decisions.
You can define and display ACLs while the FSSEC class is inactive, however they
will not be used for authorization checking. Similarly, if you have defined default
ACLs on directories, the ACLs will be inherited by new objects while the FSSEC
class is inactive but they will not be used for authorization checking.
The following command can be used to activate the FSSEC class.
Example:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(FSSEC)
When a security decision is needed, the file system calls RACF, supplying the ACL,
if present, and the FSP. RACF provides authorization checking and auditing, and
then returns control to the file system. See Authorization Checking for
RACF-Protected Resources on page 719 for details.
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Controlling access to file system resources for restricted users

Users with the RESTRICTED attribute cannot access protected resources they are
not specifically authorized to access. (See Defining Restricted User IDs on page
88 for more information.) However, the RESTRICTED attribute has no effect when a
user accesses a z/OS UNIX file system resource; the files other permission bits
can allow access to users who are not explicitly authorized. To ensure that
restricted users do not gain access to z/OS UNIX file system resources through
other bits, you must perform the following steps.
Steps for controlling access to file system resources for restricted users:
Perform the following steps to prevent restricted users from accessing file system
resources based on the files other bits:
1.
Define a resource called RESTRICTED.FILESYS.ACCESS in the UNIXPRIV

class with UACC(NONE). To prevent all restricted users, do not permit any
users or groups.
Example:
RDEFINE UNIXPRIV RESTRICTED.FILESYS.ACCESS UACC(NONE)
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2.
If needed, explicitly allow certain restricted users to access certain files using
the usual authorization method of adding those users, or one of their groups, to
the files ACL using the setfacl command. (See z/OS UNIX System Services
Command Reference for details.)
Example:
setfacl -m user:thabo:rwx MyFile
Authorization changes made using the setfacl command take effect

immediately.
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3.
If needed, grant exceptions to certain restricted users to allow them to gain

access based on the files other bits. Add those users, or one of their groups,
to the access list with READ authority.
Example:
PERMIT RESTRICTED.FILESYS.ACCESS CLASS(UNIXPRIV) ID(RSTDUSER) ACCESS(READ)
Do not attempt to deny access to certain restricted users by defining this

resource with UACC(READ) and then permitting those users with access of
NONE. The UACC of a resource cannot be used to allow access when the
user is restricted.
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4.
Refresh the UNIXPRIV class to activate changes from Steps 1 and 3.

Example:
For any given z/OS UNIX process, the result of the first check to the
RESTRICTED.FILESYS.ACCESS resource will be cached for the life of the
process. Therefore, subsequent authorization changes to this resource will not
take effect for that process.
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Overriding SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority with ACLs

Any user who is not a superuser with UID(0) or the file owner and is denied access
through the ACL can still access a file system resource if the user has sufficient
authority to the SUPERUSER.FILESYS resource in the UNIXPRIV class. To prevent
this, you can force RACF to use your ACL authorizations to override a users
SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority by performing the following steps.
Steps for overriding SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority with ACLs: Perform the
following steps to prevent users from using their SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority
to access file system resources they are specifically unauthorized to access through
the ACL:
1.
Define a resource called SUPERUSER.FILESYS.ACLOVERRIDE in the

UNIXPRIV class with UACC(NONE). To prevent all users, do not permit any
users or groups.
Example:
RDEFINE UNIXPRIV SUPERUSER.FILESYS.ACLOVERRIDE UACC(NONE)
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2.
If needed, grant exceptions to certain users or groups to allow them to gain

access based on their SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority. Add those users or
groups to the access list with the same level of access they require for the
SUPERUSER.FILESYS resource.
Example:
PERMIT SUPERUSER.FILESYS.ACLOVERRIDE CLASS(UNIXPRIV) ID(PER) ACCESS(READ)
See z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for details about authorizing users
for the SUPERUSER.FILESYS resource.
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3.
Refresh the UNIXPRIV class to activate changes from Steps 1 and 2.

Example:
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SUPERUSER.FILESYS.ACLOVERRIDE is checked only when a users access was
denied by a matching ACL entry based on the users UID or one of the users GIDs.
If the users access was denied by the files permission bits,
SUPERUSER.FILESYS is checked. See Authorizing Access to z/OS UNIX Files
and Directories on page 730 for details.
z/OS UNIX application considerations

z/OS UNIX supports two fundamental types of application servers:
v Multithreaded application servers
v Single-threaded application servers
A multithreaded application has multiple sequential flows of control. In this family of
applications, the application server can process more than one unit of work at a
time.
A single-threaded application has one sequential flow of control. In this family of
applications, the application server processes one unit of work at a time.
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z/OS UNIX provides the pthread_security_np callable service and support through
the C run-time library that enables unauthorized multithreaded applications to create
and delete a RACF security environment in a fashion that is mediated and
controlled by the kernel and RACF.
Note: The term unauthorized refers to applications that are not APF-authorized and
do not run in supervisor state or in a system storage protection key.
The pthread_security_np callable service enables multithreaded applications to
customize the security environment of a thread, allowing it to execute under a
different RACF identity than the server. You need to authorize the server to use the
pthread_security_np service.
For More Information

Administrative considerations of the z/OS UNIX pthread_security_np callable
service are discussed in z/OS UNIX System Services Planning.
Additional information regarding the pthread_security_np service is discussed
in z/OS UNIX System Services Programming: Assembler Callable Services
Reference. The C language support for this service is discussed in z/OS
C/C++ Run-Time Library Reference.
Threads and security

An application that uses the pthread_security_np service can customize the RACF
identity of a thread. For example, a DCE application server on z/OS may accept
requests through DCE remote procedure call (RPC). This server initiates a thread
that processes the clients request. If the server customizes the thread initiated for
the client with the clients RACF identity, any resource access decisions to RACF
protected resources are made using the clients RACF identity and authorizations.
Depending on the trust you place in an application, you have the option of enforcing
whether to use both the application servers RACF identity and the RACF identity of
the client in resource access control decisions.
You can choose one of the following:
v Only the RACF user ID of the client is used in local resource access control
decisions made by RACF.
v Both the RACF user ID of the server and the RACF user ID of the client are
used in local resource access control decisions.
The use of the pthread_security_np service is in part protected by the RACF
FACILITY class profile BPX.SERVER.
v If the RACF user ID that is associated with an application server is permitted with
UPDATE access to this profile, the application server is allowed to establish a
thread-level (task-level) security environment for clients connecting to the server.
With UPDATE authority to BPX.SERVER in the RACF FACILITY class, the server
can act as a surrogate of the client. This means that the identity of the thread
associated with the request from the servers client executes with the RACF user
ID of the servers client.
The RACF identity of the client determines the type of access allowed to system
resources (such as data sets) and z/OS UNIX resources (such as file system
resources), which are accessed by the clients thread in the server.
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v READ access allows the server to establish a thread-level security environment
for the clients it services. However, the user ID of the server and the user ID of
the client must be authorized to the resources the server accesses. A thread
level security environment in which both the clients and servers identities are
used in the access control decision, but a password was not supplied by the
client, is called an unauthenticated client security environment.
Depending on the design and implementation of the client/server application, a
client might need to supply an authenticator to the server.
For example, the client might be prompted to supply a password or a password
substitute, such as a RACF PassTicket, to the server to prove its identity. If a
RACF password or PassTicket is specified as a option on the
pthread_security_np service, and the password or PassTicket is valid for the
client user ID, only the RACF user ID of the client is used in rendering access
control decisions. This task level security environment created by an application
server is called an authenticated client security environment. Because the client
has trusted the application server sufficiently to supply a RACF password or
PassTicket to the server, the server is granted the capability of acting as a
surrogate for that client.
This capability enables you to determine:
On behalf of which user IDs the server can act
What resources the server can access when acting on behalf of one of its
clients
Potentially, for additional security checking, two audit records can be produced to
audit:
v The client accessing the resource
v The server accessing the resource on behalf of the client
If you choose to implement this additional security checking, you might need to
authorize the identity associated with the application server to the resource profiles
that protect the resources accessed by the server on behalf of its clients.
See z/OS UNIX System Services Planning for a complete description of the
administrative planning steps and requirements for using the
pthread_security_service.
Application services and security

Through z/OS UNIX, the C run-time library, and RACF, three services are available
that enable application servers on z/OS to:
v Map a DCE identity to a RACF user ID; or map a RACF user ID to a DCE
identity.
See Chapter 14, RACF and DCE, on page 447 for more information.
v Map an application identity, such as a Lotus Notes for z/OS short name or an
Novell Directory Services for OS/390 user name, to a RACF user ID; or map a
RACF user ID to an application identity.
See RACF Support for NDS and Lotus Notes for z/OS on page 280 for more
information.
v Invoke RACF authorization services
The convert_id_np(BPX1CID) callable service is the z/OS UNIX service that
converts a DCE principals UUID pair (cell UUID and principal UUID) to the RACF
user ID that has been cross linked with the UUID pair. This service also accepts a
RACF user ID and returns the corresponding DCE UUIDs that have been
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cross-linked with the RACF user ID. This z/OS UNIX service is also supported
through the C run-time library via the __convert_id_np() function call.
These services use the SAF callable service, R_dceruid (IRRSUD00), which
accesses the appropriate profile information stored in the RACF database, to
perform the identity conversion. The use of these identity mapping functions is
RACF-protected. The R_dceruid callable service performs an authorization request
to determine if the user ID associated with the application server is authorized to
use the identity conversion service. Controlling the use of these conversion services
is discussed in Controlling applications that invoke R_dceruid on page 616.
For more information about the convert_id_np(BPX1CID) callable service, see z/OS
UNIX System Services Programming: Assembler Callable Services Reference.The
C language support for the __convert_id_np() is discussed in z/OS C/C++
Run-Time Library Reference.
Application authorization service

A DCE application server on z/OS can use DCE security services for access control
to resources that are owned by the application server. As an alternative, the
application developer may wish to use RACF for access control for the set of
resources that are managed by the application server.
Through z/OS UNIX, the auth_check_resource_np(BPX1ACK) callable service
enables application servers to invoke RACF authorization services. This service is
also supported by the C run-time library through the __check_resource_auth_np()
function call.
The service allows z/OS UNIX application servers, such as DCE application
servers, to perform authorization checking for resources that are defined to RACF
general resource classes. For more information on the auth_check_resource_np
callable service, see z/OS UNIX System Services Programming: Assembler Callable
Services Reference.
Restrictions of RACF client ACEE support

As the security administrator, you need to be aware of restrictions of the RACF
client ACEE support, in which both the application servers RACF identity and the
clients RACF identity are used in resolving access decisions.
v RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH processing does not check both the server
and client RACF identities automatically.
Unauthorized application servers cannot use the RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST
instruction to build in-storage profiles for RACF defined resources. Profiles must
reside in storage before RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH can verify a users
access to a resource.
v The client/server relationship is not propagated from the application server.
If you have implemented access control to resources that use both the servers
RACF identity and the clients RACF identity in an access control decision,
application servers that you do not trust should be treated as end points. These
servers should not be allowed to submit batch jobs or use the services of other
servers that run exclusively under the identity of the client. You must ensure that
applications servers that do not meet this criteria are not authorized to the profile
BPX.SERVER in the RACF FACILITY class.
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Chapter 21. RACF and Digital Certificates

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Using RACF to Manage Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Size Restrictions for Private keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the RACDCERT Command to Administer Certificates . . . . . . . .
Controlling the Use of the RACDCERT Command . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Controlling the Use of the RACDCERT Command . . . .
Examples of Adding Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Listing Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Checking Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Altering Digital Certificate Information . . . . . . . . . .
Using the TRUST Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the NOTRUST Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACF and Key Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIGTCERT General Resource Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Certificate Name Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interpreting the X.500 Directory Information Tree . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Certificate Name Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assigning User IDs to Certificate Name Filters . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Certificate Name Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The DIGTNMAP General Resource Class . . . . . . . . . . . .
Types of Certificate Name Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuers Name Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subjects Name Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subjects and Issuers Name Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How RACF Processes Certificate Name Filters . . . . . . . . . . .
Using an Existing Certificate as a Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Excluding a Certificate Using the NOTRUST Option . . . . . . . . . .
Mapping Multiple User IDs Using Additional Criteria . . . . . . . . . .
Using Application Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using System Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Multiple Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Additional Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Registration of Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) Considerations . . . . . .
Using the PCI or PCIX Cryptographic Coprocessor to generate private keys
The irrcerta, irrmulti, and irrsitec User IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewing an expiring certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewing a certificate with the same private key . . . . . . . . . . .
Steps for renewing a certificate issued by an external CA . . . . . . .
Steps for renewing a certificate issued by an local CA . . . . . . . .
Steps for renewing a self-signed certificate in RACF. . . . . . . . .
Renewing with a new private key (rekeying) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steps for rekeying a certificate issued by an external CA . . . . . . .
Steps for rekeying a certificate issued by an local CA . . . . . . . .
Steps for rekeying a self-signed certificate in RACF . . . . . . . . .
Supplied digital certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steps to begin using a supplied CA certificate . . . . . . . . . . . .
Listings of supplied certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementation Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenario 2: Secure Server with a Locally Signed Certificate . . . . . . .
Scenario 3: Migrating an ikeyman or gskkyman Certificate . . . . . . .
Scenario 4: Secure Server-to-Server Session Enablement . . . . . . .
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Digital certificates
Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Scenario 6: Enabling Secure Outbound FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Scenario 7: Sharing One Certificate Between Multiple Servers . . . . . . 600
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This chapter provides information on using RACF to manage digital certificates.

In a client-server network environment, entities identify themselves using digital
certificates. Certificate authorities (such as VeriSign, Inc.) issue digital certificates
that contain information about clients. The combination of a serial number and the
name of the certificate authority (or issuers distinguished name) uniquely identifies
a clients digital certificate.
Certificate authorities are trusted organizations that verify information about client
users and then issue digital certificates that may be accepted by applications as
authentication of client identities when used in a secure handshaking protocol such
as secure sockets layer (SSL). Trusting a certificate issued by certificate authority is
analogous to accepting a passport issued by a national passport agency as proof of
identity. We trust that the agency has taken proper measures to verify the identity of
the bearer of the passport. In a similar manner, application servers may accept
certificate-authority certificates.
In the client-server environment, for example, WebSphere Application Server
authenticates a client using the clients digital certificate and the secure sockets
layer (SSL) protocol. After a user supplies the digital certificate, WebSphere
Application Server checks that the certificate is valid. If the certificate is registered
and is not marked as untrusted, the user does not need to be reauthenticated by
entering a RACF user ID and password.
Using RACF to Manage Digital Certificates

You can use RACF to create, register, store, and administer digital certificates and
their associated private keys, and build certificate requests that can be sent to a
certificate authority for signing. You can also use RACF to manage key rings of
stored digital certificates. Digital certificates and key rings are managed in RACF
primarily by using the RACDCERT command or by using an application that invokes
the R_datalib callable service (IRRSDL00) or the initACEE callable service
(IRRSIA00).
The R_datalib callable service provides an application programming interface to the
CDSA (Common Data Security Architecture) data library functions, and is used by
secure sockets layer (SSL) and System SSL to establish secure sessions between
servers. The initACEE callable service can be used to manage digital certificates for
RACF-authenticated users.
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RACF has three categories for managing digital certificates:
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User certificate
A certificate that is associated with a RACF user ID and is used to
authenticate the users identity. The RACF user ID can represent a
traditional user or be assigned to a server or started procedure.
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Certificate-authority certificate
A certificate that is associated with a certificate authority and is used to
verify signatures in other certificates.
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Site certificate
A certificate that is associated with an off-platform server or other network
entity, such as a peer VPN server. This category of certificate can also be
used to share a single certificate and its private key among multiple RACF
user IDs. When used for sharing, a certificate may be referred to as a
placeholder certificate.
You can use RACF to administer certificates in two ways:
v You can store certificates and associate them with specific user IDs using the
RACDCERT ADD command. You can also generate your own certificates using
the RACDCERT GENCERT command. In either case, a registered certificate
profile is created in RACF. These profiles are sometimes called discrete
certificate profiles.
Registered certificates are stored in certificate profiles. These profiles contain an
exact copy of the certificate and, for user IDs on this system, the private key, if it
exists. Certificates stored in this way can be used to simply associate a
certificate with a user ID or they may be gathered into a collection, or key ring,
for use by other applications as part of a secure network protocol. For details,
see Using the RACDCERT Command to Administer Certificates and RACF and
Key Rings on page 567.
v You can map several certificates, without storing them, to one or more RACF
user IDs using the RACDCERT MAP command. This method is called certificate
name filtering.
The profiles created by RACDCERT MAP are called certificate mapping profiles.
Such profiles are used only to associate certificates with user IDs. They cannot
be connected to key rings for use by other applications. For details, see
Certificate Name Filtering on page 569.
Size Restrictions for Private keys
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RACF has restrictions for the size of the private key for certificates that have
associated private keys. The minimum key size is 512 bits. The maximum key size
is determined by United States export regulations and is controlled by RACF and
non-RACF code in z/OS. Currently, this upper limit is 2048 bits for keys generated
in RACF using the PCI Cryptographic Coprocessor (PCICC) and 1024 bits for keys
generated using cryptographic software or generated outside RACF. For certificates
that do not have associated private keys, the upper limit for the size of the public
key is 2048 bits. Currently, the standard sizes for keys are as follows:
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Key size
512 bits
768 bits
1024 bits
2048 bits
Key type
Low-strength key
Medium-strength key
High-strength key
Very high-strength key
Using the RACDCERT Command to Administer Certificates

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The RACDCERT command is used to store and maintain digital certificate

information in RACF, and should be used for all maintenance of certificate profiles
and related USER profile fields. For more information on these formats refer to
The RACDCERT command can be used to do the following:
v Add, list, modify or delete a certificate definition.
v Add a certificate and its certificate authority chain.
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v
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List a certificate contained in a data set.

Add or remove a certificate from a key ring.
Create, delete or list a key ring.
Generate a public/private key pair and certificate.
Create a certificate request.
Write a certificate or certificate package to a data set.
Add, list, modify or delete a certificate name filter.
The RACDCERT command is your primary administrative tool for managing digital
certificates using RACF. Authority to use the RACDCERT command is controlled
through resources in the FACILITY class. The RACDCERT command is used to
manage resources in the following classes:
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DIGTCERT
Profiles in the DIGTCERT class contain information about digital

certificates, as well as the certificate itself and the private key, if
any.
DIGTRING
Profiles in the DIGTRING class contain information about key rings

and the certificates that are part of each key ring. Key rings are
named collections of the personal, site and certificate-authority
certificates associated with a specific user.
DIGTNMAP
Profiles in the DIGTNMAP class contain information about

certificate name filters.
Note: Profiles in the DIGTCERT, DIGTRING, and DIGTNMAP
classes are maintained automatically through RACDCERT
command processing. You cannot administer profiles in
these classes using the RDEFINE, RALTER, and RDELETE
commands. These commands do not operate with profiles in
the DIGTCERT, DIGTRING, and DIGTNMAP classes. Since
these profiles contain lowercase characters, the SEARCH
FILTER and RLIST commands are not intended for use and
will deliver unpredictable results.
USER
Profiles in the USER class contain information about digital

certificates that are associated with the user.
This information is used by the RACDCERT command itself in its
processing and by the DELUSER command to clean up
certificate-related resources owned by the user ID being deleted.
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Attention
Use caution when executing the DELUSER command from downlevel systems
if your installation shares the RACF database. A DELUSER command
executed from a downlevel system will not manage profiles in the DIGTCERT,
DIGTRING, DIGTNMAP and USER class correctly. You may inadvertently
create inconsistencies in your RACF database, and may leave residual
DIGTCERT, DIGTRING, or DIGTNMAP profiles. See Using the RACF
Remove ID Utility (IRRRID00) on page 372 for information about locating and
removing residual profiles.
information about the RACDCERT command.
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See RRSF Considerations for Digital Certificates on page 414 for information
about propagating updates made by the RACDCERT command to other nodes in
an RRSF network.
Controlling the Use of the RACDCERT Command

Authority to the IRR.DIGTCERT.function resource in the FACILITY class allows a
user to issue the RACDCERT command. To issue the RACDCERT command, users
must have one of the following authorities:
v Sufficient authority to resource IRR.DIGTCERT.function in the FACILITY class.
READ access to IRR.DIGTCERT.function to issue the RACDCERT command
for themselves.
UPDATE access to IRR.DIGTCERT.function to issue the RACDCERT
command for others.
CONTROL access to IRR.DIGTCERT.function to issue the RACDCERT
command for SITE and CERTAUTH certificates. (This authority also has other
uses.)
For detailed information about the RACDCERT command and the authority required
to execute each command, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.
Note that users who have insufficient authority to the IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST resource
can use the RACDCERT CHECKCERT command to display some digital-certificate
information if they have READ authority to the data set containing the certificate.
The output they receive reflects only the certificate information contained in the data
set. Because they lack sufficient authority to the IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST resource,
they will not receive certificate information contained in the RACF database, such
as the TRUST status, the LABEL, or the RACF user ID associated with the
certificate. For an example of this output, see Examples of Checking Digital
Certificate Information on page 565.
Examples of Controlling the Use of the RACDCERT Command

Effective use of RACDCERT requires that its privileges be carefully controlled.
However, end-users and application administrators should be allowed some
flexibility in defining their security characteristics. These guidelines might prove
useful.
v The ability to add certificate authorities and site certificates should be allowed to
only a small set of trusted people.
v End users should be permitted to add, delete, and modify the contents of their
own key rings and add, delete, and alter their own certificates.
v Help desk personnel should be allowed the ability to list certificates and rings.
Assume that your system administrators, who are the only ones who are allowed to
add, alter, or delete certificate-authority certificates or site certificates, are in the
group WEBADMIN. Furthermore, assume that your help desk personnel are in the
group HELPDESK. The commands in Figure 50 on page 560 show one method of
controlling access to RACDCERT functions. Note that similar authorizations may be
defined to allow system administrators and help desk personnel to manage
559
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
FACILITY
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PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
IRR.DIGTCERT.ADDRING
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELRING
IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING
IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD
IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTER
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELETE
IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENREQ
IRR.DIGTCERT.EXPORT
IRR.DIGTCERT.REKEY
IRR.DIGTCERT.ROLLOVER
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
ID(WEBADMIN)
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PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
PERMIT
IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD
IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTER
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELETE
IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST
IRR.DIGTCERT.CONNECT
IRR.DIGTCERT.REMOVE
IRR.DIGTCERT.REKEY
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
CLASS(FACILITY)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
ID(*)
PERMIT
PERMIT
IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST
CLASS(FACILITY) ID(HELPDESK) ACCESS(CONTROL)
IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(HELPDESK) ACCESS(CONTROL)
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IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD
IRR.DIGTCERT.CONNECT
IRR.DIGTCERT.REMOVE
IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST
IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTER
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELETE
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENREQ
IRR.DIGTCERT.EXPORT
IRR.DIGTCERT.REKEY
IRR.DIGTCERT.MAP
IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTMAP
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELMAP
IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTMAP
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
UACC(NONE)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
ACCESS(CONTROL)
Figure 50. Controlling Access to RACDCERT Functions
Examples of Adding Digital Certificate Information

1. User RACFADM with SPECIAL authority requests the addition of a digital
certificate for user NET2. RACFADM has placed the digital certificate in data set
RACFADM.NET2.CERT and wants the status of the certificate to be trusted.
RACFADM issues the following RACDCERT command:
RACDCERT ID(NET2) ADD(RACFADM.NET2.CERT) TRUST
2. User RACFADM with SPECIAL authority requests the addition of a digital

certificate for user NETB0Y. RACFADM has placed the digital certificate in data
set RACFADM.NETB0Y.CERT and wants the status of the certificate to be trusted.
560
In addition, RACFADM wants to associate the saved certificate for user
NETB0Y with a label called Savings Account. RACFADM issues the following
RACDCERT command:
RACDCERT ID(NETB0Y) ADD(RACFADM.NETB0Y.CERT) TRUST
WITHLABEL(Savings Account)
Examples of Listing Digital Certificate Information

1. User RACFADM with SPECIAL authority requests the listing of user ID
GEORGEMs digital certificate information by issuing the RACDCERT command
with the LIST operand. User ID GEORGEM has three certificates, one of which
is not associated with any key rings. Figure 51 on page 562 shows the output of
the following command:
RACDCERT ID(GEORGEM) LIST
561
Digital certificate information for user GEORGEM:

Label: New Cert Type - Ser # 00
Certificate ID: 2QfHxdbZx8XU1WmQMOFmaNA46iXhUBgQOKFmUB7QPDw
Status: TRUST
Start Date: 1996/04/18 03:01:13
End Date:
1998/02/13 03:01:13
Serial Number:
>00<
Issuers Name:
>OU=Internet Demo CA.O=TheCert Software Inc.<
Subjects Name:
>OU=Internet Demo CA.O=TheCert Software Inc.<
Private Key Type: ICSF
Private Key Size: 1024
Ring Associations:
Ring Owner: GEORGEM
Ring:
>GEORGEMsNewRing01<
Ring Owner: GEORGEM
Ring:
>GEORGEMsRing<
Label: New Type Cert - VsignC1
Certificate ID: 2QfHxdbZ8XU1YWmQOOol4VAw4WZo0BgQOWiiYeVw/FA
Status: TRUST
Start Date: 1998/04/22 23:23:26
End Date:
2001/01/15 23:23:26
Serial Number:
>3511A552906FE7D029A44019D411FC3E<
Issuers Name:
>OU=Class 1 Public Primary Certification Authority.O=VeriSign, Inc..C=<
>US<
Subjects Name:
>OU=VeriSign Class 1 CA - Individual Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc..L=Int<
>ernet<
Private Key Type: Non-ICSF
Ring Associations:
Ring Owner: GEORGEM
Ring:
>GEORGEMsNewRing01<
Label: New Type Cert - VsignC2
Certificate ID: 2QfHxdbZ8XU1YWmQOOol4VAw4WZo0BgQOWiiYeVw/JA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1998/03/19 15:39:52
End Date:
1999/03/19 15:39:52
Serial Number:
>50D35294912F79D315E32B31AC8548F0<
Issuers Name:
>US<
Subjects Name:
>OU=VeriSign Class 2 CA - Individual Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc..L=Int<
>ernet<
Private Key Type: None
Ring Associations:
*** No rings associated ***
Figure 51. Output from the RACDCERT LIST Command
2. User RACFADM with SPECIAL authority requests the listing of user ID

GEORGEMs key rings by issuing the RACDCERT command with the
562
LISTRING operand. User ID GEORGEM has three key rings with certificates
and one key ring which has no certificates. Figure 52 shows the output of the
following command:
RACDCERT ID(GEORGEM) LISTRING
Digital ring information for user GEORGEM:

Ring:
>GEORGEMsNewRing01<
Certificate Label Name
-------------------------------New Cert Type - Ser # 00
New Type Cert - VsignC1
New Type Cert - VsignC2
65
Cert Owner
-----------ID(GEORGEM)
ID(GEORGEM)
ID(GEORGEM)
ID(JOHNP)
USAGE
-------PERSONAL
CERTAUTH
SITE
PERSONAL
DEFAULT
------YES
NO
NO
NO
Ring:
>GEORGEMsRing<
-------------------------------GEORGEMs Cert # 48
GEORGEMs Cert # 84
New Cert Type - Ser # 00
Cert Owner
ID(GEORGEM)
ID(GEORGEM)
USAGE
-------PERSONAL
PERSONAL
PERSONAL
DEFAULT
------NO
NO
YES
Ring:
>GEORGEMsRing#2<
-------------------------------GEORGEMs Cert # 84
GEORGEMs Cert # 48
Cert Owner
ID(GEORGEM)
USAGE
-------PERSONAL
PERSONAL
DEFAULT
------NO
NO
Ring:
>GEORGEMsRing#3<
*** No certificates connected ***
Figure 52. Output from the RACDCERT LISTRING Command
3. User NETB0Y requests the listing of his Savings Account digital certificate to
ensure it has been defined, and that it is marked trusted. He has READ
authority to the FACILITY class resource IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST. He issues the
RACDCERT command with the LIST operand, specifying the label to identify his
certificate. Figure 53 shows the output of the following command:
RACDCERT LIST(LABEL(Savings Account))
Digital certificate information for user NETB0Y:

Label: Savings Account
Certificate ID: 2QbVxePC1ujigaWJlYeiQMGDg5aklaNA
Status: TRUST
Serial Number:
>5D666C20207A6638727A413872D8413B<
Issuers Name:
>OU=BobsBank Savers.O=BobsBank.L=Internet<
Subjects Name:
>CN=S.S.Smith.OU=Digital ID Class 1 - NetScape.OU=BobsBank Class 1 - S<
>avingsAcct.O=BobsBank.L=Internet<
Figure 53. Output from the RACDCERT LIST Command with LABEL
563
4. User RACFADM with SPECIAL authority uses the RLIST DIGTCERT * command
to request the listing of all DIGTCERT profiles. This RLIST command lists
information about the profiles that contain digital certificates, rather than
information about the certificates themselves. (Use the RACDCERT LIST
command to list detailed information about certificates.) Figure 54 shows a
partial sample of the output of the following command:
RLIST DIGTCERT *
The RLIST command lists the universal access value for a profile in the
DIGTCERT class differently based on the TRUST status of the digital certificate
contained in the profile:
Trust status
Universal access
Trusted
ALTER
Untrusted
???????
Figure 54 shows the listing of a profile containing a certificate-authority

certificate that was supplied with your RACF system. For more information
about these certificates, see Supplied digital certificates on page 588.
RLIST DIGTCERT *
CLASS
NAME
-------DIGTCERT
[email protected]=ThawtePersonalBasicCA.OU=Certific
ationServicesDivision.O=ThawteConsulting.L=CapeTown.SP=WesternCape.C=ZA
LEVEL
----00
OWNER
-------IBMUSER
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
---------------???????
YOUR ACCESS
----------NONE
WARNING
------NO
INSTALLATION DATA
----------------NONE
APPLICATION DATA
---------------irrcerta
AUDITING
-------FAILURES(READ)
NOTIFY
-----NO USER TO BE NOTIFIED
.
.
.
Figure 54. Output from the RLIST DIGTCERT Command
5. User RACFADM with SPECIAL authority uses the SEARCH CLASS(DIGTCERT)

command to find the names of all DIGTCERT profiles. (For detailed listings of
certificate information, use the RACDCERT LIST command.) Figure 55 on page
565 shows sample output from the following command:
SEARCH CLASS(DIGTCERT)
564
Figure 55 shows several listings of profiles containing certificate-authority
certificates that are supplied with your RACF system. For more information, see
Supplied digital certificates on page 588.
SEARCH CLASS(DIGTCERT)
[email protected]=ThawtePersonalBasicCA.OU=CertificationServic
esDivision.O=ThawteConsulting.L=CapeTown.SP=WesternCape.C=ZA
[email protected]=ThawtePersonalFreemailCA.OU=Certification
ServicesDivision.O=ThawteConsulting.L=CapeTown.SP=WesternCape.C=ZA
[email protected]=ThawtePersonalPremiumCA.OU=CertificationSe
rvicesDivision.O=ThawteConsulting.L=CapeTown.SP=WesternCape.C=ZA
00BA5AC94C053B92D6A7B6DF4ED053920D.OU=Class2PublicPrimaryCertificationAutho
rity.O=VeriSign,Inc..C=US
00E49EFDF33AE80ECFA5113E19A4240232.OU=Class3PublicPrimaryCertificationAutho
rity.O=VeriSign,Inc..C=US
[email protected]=ThawtePremiumServerCA.OU=CertificationServic
esDivision.O=ThawteConsultingcc.L=CapeTown.SP=WesternCape.C=ZA
[email protected]=ThawteServerCA.OU=CertificationServicesDivisio
n.O=ThawteConsultingcc.L=CapeTown.SP=WesternCape.C=ZA
02AD667E4E45FE5E576F3C98195EDDC0.OU=SecureServerCertificationAuthority.O=RSA
DataSecurity,Inc..C=US
325033CF50D156F35C81AD655C4FC825.OU=Class1PublicPrimaryCertificationAuthori
ty.O=VeriSign,Inc..C=US
3381F595.CN=IntegrionCertificationAuthorityRoot.O=IntegrionFinancialNetwork
.C=US
33820AD2.CN=IBMWorldRegistryCertificationAuthority.O=IBMWorldRegistry.C=US
.
.
.
Figure 55. Output from the SEARCH CLASS(DIGTCERT) Command
Examples of Checking Digital Certificate Information

1. User NETADMN has a digital certificate in a data set, and is uncertain who it
belongs to, and whether or not it has been defined. The digital certificate is in
data set NETADMN.SOMEONZ.CERT. NETADMN has UPDATE authority to the
FACILITY class resource IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST. He issues the following
RACDCERT, and the output he receives indicates that it has already been
defined for user GTM:
565
RACDCERT CHECKCERT(NETADMN.SOMEONZ.CERT)
Digital certificate information for user GTM:
Label: LABEL00000001
Certificate ID: 2QbVxePC1ujigaWJlYeiQMGDg5aklaNA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1998/06/05 14:58:37
End Date:
2000/06/04 14:58:37
Serial Number:
>84<
Issuers Name:
>CN=BobsBank Class 2<
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=G.T.Miles.T=President.OU=Loans.O=BobsBank,INC<
>..SP=NY.L=Internet.C=USA<
Private Key Type: ICSF
2. User USERA finds a digital certificate and is uncertain who it belongs to, and
whether or not it has been defined to RACF. The digital certificate is contained
in data set NETADMN.SOMEONZ.CERT and is associated with user GTM. USERA
has READ authority to the data set NETADMN.SOMEONZ.CERT. He issues the
following RACDCERT command. The output he receives reflects only the
certificate information contained in the data set, and does not include certificate
information contained in the RACF database. Note that the listing contains the
same level of information that NETADMN receives in Example 3.
RACDCERT CHECKCERT(NETADMN.SOMEONZ.CERT)
Start Date: 1998/06/05 14:58:37
End Date:
2000/06/04 14:58:37
Serial Number:
>84<
Issuers Name:
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=G.T.Miles.T=President.OU=Loans.O=BobsBank,INC<
3. User NETADMN has a digital certificate in a data set, and is uncertain who it
belongs to, and whether or not it has been defined. The digital certificate is in
data set NETADMN.SOMELSZ.CERT. NETADMN has CONTROL authority to the
FACILITY class resource IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST. He issues the following
RACDCERT, and the output he receives indicates that the certificate is not
associated with a user ID.
566
RACDCERT CHECKCERT(NETADMN.SOMELSZ.CERT)
Start Date: 1998/03/18 14:58:37
End Date:
2000/03/17 14:58:37
Serial Number:
>79<
Issuers Name:
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=J. Miles.T=Manager.OU=Branch2.O=BobsBank,INC<
Examples of Altering Digital Certificate Information

You alter information about a certificate using the RACDCERT ALTER command.
The only alterable information about a certificate is the TRUST status and the label
of a certificate. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for
more information.
Using the TRUST Option

User CERTCTL requests that the status of user ID NET1s certificate from VeriSign
be changed from not trusted to trusted. Because NET1 has more than one
certificate defined, the serial number must be specified. The issuers distinguished
name may also be specified, but is not required because each of the two serial
numbers for user NET1 is unique. User CERTCTL has been given UPDATE access
to resource IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTER in the FACILITY class by RACFADM. Note that
when the distinguished name is specified, the case used must match the actual
digital certificate information:
RACDCERT ID(NET1) ALTER(SERIALNUMBER(41D87A3B05DE6FBD466C2069661E3872)

ISSUERSDN(OU=VeriSign Class 2 CA - Individual
Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc..L=Internet)) TRUST
Using the NOTRUST Option

User CERTCTL requests that the status of user ID NET2s certificate from VeriSign
be changed from trusted to not trusted. Because user NET2 has only one certificate
defined, neither the serial number nor the issuers distinguished name needs to be
specified. User CERTCTL has been given UPDATE access to resource
IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTER in the FACILITY class by RACFADM.
RACDCERT ID(NET2) ALTER NOTRUST
RACF and Key Rings

A key ring is a collection of certificates that identify a networking trust relationship
(also called a trust policy). In a client-server network environment, entities identify
themselves using digital certificates. Server applications on z/OS and OS/390 that
wish to establish network connections to other entities can use RACF key rings and
other related services to determine the trustworthiness of the client or peer entity.
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System SSL and other security middleware use the R_datalib callable service
(IRRSDL00) to retrieve certificate information from RACF. In order for applications
to retrieve certificates and private keys from RACF, the certificates must be
567
connected to a RACF key ring. The key ring is the data store that R_datalib opens,
reads, and closes as directed by the application.
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The usage assigned to a certificate when it is connected to a key ring indicates its
intended purpose. Personal certificates are to be used by the local server
application to identify itself. Certificate-authority certificates are to be used to verify
the peer entitys certificate. Peers with certificates issued by certificate authorities
connected to the key ring are considered trusted network entities. Peers possessing
certificates that can not be verified because the certificate-authority certificate is not
available may also be considered trusted if their personal certificates are connected
to the key ring as a trusted site certificate.
Restrictions:
1. Use caution when connecting a peers certificate to a key ring as a trusted site
certificate. The normal certificate verification tests performed by the server on
the peers certificate are bypassed in this case. Hence, even expired certificates
are considered trusted.
2. Certificates marked NOTRUST cannot be retrieved using the R_datalib callable
service even if they are connected to a key ring. RACF hides them from the
calling application and does not indicate that they connected to the key ring.
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Key rings are associated with specific RACF user IDs. A RACF user ID can have
more than one key ring. Key rings are managed using the RACDCERT command,
and are maintained in the general resource class called DIGTRING.
RACF key rings provide an installation-wide method to share key rings across
multiple servers. You can decentralize responsibility to manage key rings by
granting access to resources in the FACILITY class. (See Examples of Controlling
the Use of the RACDCERT Command on page 559.) However, you can retain sole
ability to connect certificates to key rings at your installation. This will allow you to
implement and maintain a centralized security or trust policy toward certificate
authorities. For example, you can establish key rings for servers that contain
certificates from only approved certificate authorities. You can then delegate other
key-ring responsibilities to server administrators who will be able remove certificates
from their key rings, but not add certificates from unapproved sources.
Key rings are identified by ring names that are 1237 characters in length. Each
key ring profile in the DIGTRING class contains references to those certificates that
are part of that key ring. Profile names are in the form:
userid.ring-name
When you delete a user ID, DELUSER command processing deletes the users key
rings by deleting the associated resources in the DIGTRING class. The certificates
referenced in the key ring are not deleted unless they too are associated with the
user ID being deleted.
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DIGTCERT General Resource Class

RACLISTing the DIGTCERT class is strongly recommended to improve
performance when using digital certificates to access WebSphere Application
Server. If the class is not RACLISTed, digital certificates can still be used, but
performance may be impacted. For best performance, you should RACLIST the
DIGTCERT class by issuing the SETROPTS RACLIST(DIGTCERT) command. After
creating a new digital certificate, you should refresh the DIGTCERT class by issuing
568
the SETROPTS RACLIST(DIGTCERT) REFRESH command. If you do not refresh
the RACLISTed DIGTCERT profiles, RACF will still use the new digital certificate.
However, performance may be impacted.
Note: RACF will use the RACLISTed digital certificates first, so any RACLISTed
digital certificates that have been altered, re-added, or deleted will not reflect
those changes until the DIGTCERT class has been refreshed.
Profile names in the DIGTCERT class are in the form:
serial-number.issuers-distinguished-name
For example:
41D87A3B05DE6FBD466C2069661E3872
OU=VeriSign Class1.O=VeriSign.L=Internet
(serial number)
(issuers distinguished name)
Any characters that would not be valid in a profile name, such as a blank, will be
replaced with X'4A' (). The profile name for this DIGTCERT profile would be:
41D87A3B05DE6FBD466C2069661E3872.OU=VeriSignClass1.O=VeriSign.L=Internet
In this profile, the APPLDATA contains the RACF user ID associated with this digital
certificate. The UACC of profiles in this class is the status of the certificate. When a
certificates status is set to TRUST, the initACEE callable service allows it to be
mapped to the RACF user ID contained in the APPLDATA field.
Certificate Name Filtering

As more and more users access your system from the Web, you face an increasing
administrative burden to securely manage their digital certificates. Certificate name
filtering is a method for administering large numbers of user certificates, without
storing each certificate in the RACF database. Certificates managed using
certificate name filtering:
v Require no individual administration to be registered or to be replaced when they
expire.
v Occupy very little space in the RACF database.
v Can be used to allow several users to share the same user ID in a secure
manner.
v Can be selectively mapped to different user IDs based on system and application
criteria.
v Are logged on use with audit records that include the associated user ID and the
certificates full subjects and issuers name.
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Restriction: Certificate name filters are established for client authentication

purposes only. They are used to determine the operational user ID when RACF is
called to create a security context for a client login using a certificate, such as
through SSL with client authentication. Certificate name filters cannot be used in
protocols where an actual certificate or private key is required.
Interpreting the X.500 Directory Information Tree

When you use certificate name filtering, RACF provides the ability to allow several
users to share the same user ID on your system based on the subjects
distinguished name and the issuers distinguished name as contained in X.509
certificates. The subjects distinguished names and issuers distinguished names for
three sample certificates are listed in Table 41 on page 570 and are shown in the
address form used by RACF:
569
Table 41. Subjects and Issuers Distinguished Names
Subjects distinguished name
Issuers distinguished name
CN=Agneta Berglund.OU=Sales.OU=New
York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
OU=VeriSign Class 1 Individual

Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet
CN=Hiro Ogura.OU=Admin.OU=New
York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp

CN=Timo Kokkonen.OU=Sales.OU=Los
Angeles.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp

The distinguished names contained in the certificates shown in Table 41 are

represented in the X.500 directory information tree shown in Figure 56. For a list of
the components of the subjects X.509 distinguished name, see the syntax of the
RACDCERT command in z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.
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/ \
/
\
/
\
O=World Sales Corp
L=Internet
/
\
/
O=VeriSign, Inc.
/
\
OU=US
OU=VeriSign Class 1
/
\
Individual Subscriber
/
\
/
\
OU=New York
OU=Los Angeles
/
\
\
/
\
\
OU=Sales
OU=Admin
OU=Sales
/
\
\
/
\
\
CN=Agneta Berglund
CN=Hiro Ogura
CN=Timo Kokkonen
Figure 56. Example of an X.500 Directory Information Tree
Now, lets look at the left branch of the tree in Figure 56 as representing a
hierarchical organization, with each level of the tree, or node, representing a
different level within an organization. For example, Agneta works in the Sales
department in New York for the US division of the World Sales Corporation. If
viewed as a hierarchy of user groups, each level of the tree may represent
increased access authority, with each group consisting of the groups below it.
For example, as an employee of World Sales, Agneta may have access to the
internal phone numbers of all World Sales employees. As a member of the US
division, she may also have access to the US division internal Web site, in addition
to the phone numbers of all employees. Being in New York may allow her to run
sales reports for the New York office, as well as to access the Web site and
employee phone numbers. Being in the Sales department may allow her to place
customer orders, in addition to all other access authorities.
You can associate a user ID with each node in a directory information tree using
certificate name filtering. Each user ID may represent a number of users, each of
whom has one or more digital certificates. Therefore, you can administer several
certificates and the access authorities for several users, through a single user ID.
570
For each node that you associate with a user ID, you create a certificate name filter
that contains partial or full distinguished names, depending on where the node falls
in the hierarchy.
Creating Certificate Name Filters

You create certificate name filters using the RACDCERT MAP command. Certificate
name filters are used by RACF (specifically, the initACEE callable service) to
analyze the subjects and issuers distinguished names in a given certificate to
determine the user ID to associate with it. You can create filters based on the full
issuers distinguished names in order to administer all certificates by a given issuer
as a single user ID. You can also create filters based on portions of the subjects
distinguished name, and a variety of filters based on certain combinations of partial
and full distinguished names. See Types of Certificate Name Filters on page 572.
Example:
The RACDCERT MAP command shown in Figure 57 creates a certificate name
filter based on the full issuers distinguished name. This filter associates the user ID
WEBUSER to any user presenting a certificate issued by VeriSign Class 1, who does
not have an individual certificate registered with RACF on your system.
RACDCERT ID(WEBUSER) MAP WITHLABEL(INTERNET OTHERS) TRUST

IDNFILTER(OU=VeriSign Class 1 Individual
Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet)
SETROPTS RACLIST(DIGTNMAP) REFRESH
Figure 57. Sample RACDCERT MAP Command for Creating an Issuers Name Filter
information about the RACDCERT MAP command.
Assigning User IDs to Certificate Name Filters

You must define a RACF user ID for each user ID you associate with a certificate
name filter. Since these user IDs will be shared, you should consider assigning the
PROTECTED and RESTRICTED attributes to each one. For example:
ALTUSER WEBUSER NOPASSWORD RESTRICTED
The PROTECTED attribute protects the user ID from being used to logon directly to
the system and from being revoked through incorrect password attempts. See
Defining Protected User IDs on page 87.
The RESTRICTED attribute ensures that the user ID will not be used to access
protected resources it is not specifically authorized to access. See Defining
Restricted User IDs on page 88.
Activating Certificate Name Filtering

When you create a certificate name filter, RACDCERT MAP processing
automatically creates a mapping profile in the DIGTNMAP class to represent the
new filter. The DIGTNMAP class must be active and SETROPTS RACLIST
processing must be active for the DIGTNMAP class. Before creating any certificate
name filters using the RACDCERT MAP command, you must issue the following
command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DIGTNMAP) RACLIST(DIGTNMAP)
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Once SETROPTS RACLIST processing is active for the DIGTNMAP class, you
must refresh the DIGTNMAP class in order for new or changed certificate name
filters to take effect. After creating or changing a certificate name filter, you must
issue the following command:
The DIGTNMAP General Resource Class

RACDCERT MAP processing automatically creates mapping profiles in the
DIGTNMAP class for each certificate name filter you create. When you map a
certificate name filter to a RACF user ID, both the filter and the user ID are stored
in the mapping profile. DIGTNMAP profiles should not be administered using the
RDEFINE, RALTER or RDELETE commands. These commands do not operate
with the DIGTNMAP class.
Attention
Use caution when executing the RACDCERT MAP command from systems
that do not support the DIGTNMAP class, if your installation shares the RACF
database with downlevel systems. A RACDCERT command executed from a
downlevel system will not manage profiles in the DIGTNMAP class. You may
inadvertently create inconsistencies in your RACF database, and may leave
residual DIGTNMAP profiles. See Using the RACF Remove ID Utility
(IRRRID00) on page 372 for more information about locating and removing
residual profiles.
The SEARCH FILTER and RLIST commands are not intended for use with profiles
in the DIGTNMAP class and will deliver unpredictable results. These profiles can
only be displayed using the RACDCERT LISTMAP command: For example:
RACDCERT ID(WEBUSER) LISTMAP
Based on the output of the RACDCERT LISTMAP command shown in Figure 58,
there is one certificate name filter associated with the WEBUSER user ID.
Mapping information for user WEBUSER:

Label: INTERNET OTHERS
Status: TRUST
Issuers Name Filter:
>OU=VeriSign Class 1 Individual Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet<
Subjects Name Filter:
><
Figure 58. Sample Output from the LISTMAP Command for an Issuers Name Filter
information about the RACDCERT LISTMAP command.
Types of Certificate Name Filters

There are three basic types of certificate name filters, based on the X.509
distinguished names referenced in the filter definition. They are:
1. Issuers name filter
2. Subjects name filter
3. Subjects and issuers name filter
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Issuers Name Filter

An issuers name filter contains a full or partial issuers distinguished name. For an
example of using the RACDCERT MAP command to create an issuers name filter,
see Figure 57 on page 571. For an example of the output of a RACDCERT
LISTMAP command displaying mapping information for an issuers name filter, see
Subjects Name Filter

A subjects name filter may contain a full or partial subjects distinguished name.
Using the directory information shown in Figure 56 on page 570, suppose we want
to associate all users in the New York office with the user ID NYUSER, and all users
in the New York sales department with user ID NYSALES. We will create two subjects
name filters, based on the following significant portions of the subjects
distinguished names:
OU=Sales.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
Examples: The RACDCERT MAP commands shown in Figure 59 create two
subjects name filters based on partial subjects distinguished names.
RACDCERT ID(NYSALES) MAP WITHLABEL(NY SALES REPS) TRUST

SDNFILTER(OU=Sales.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp)
RACDCERT ID(NYUSER) MAP WITHLABEL(NY OTHERS) TRUST
SDNFILTER(OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp)
Figure 59. Sample RACDCERT MAP Commands for Creating Subjects Name Filters
The filter labeled NY SALES REPS contains the portion of the subjects distinguished
name that identifies the user as an employee of the Sales department in the New
York office of the US division of the World Sales Corporation. Based on this filter,
RACF will associate the user ID NYSALES to any user presenting a certificate
containing this significant portion of the subjects distinguished name, who does not
have an individual certificate registered with RACF.
The filter labeled NY OTHERS contains the portion of the subjects distinguished
name that identifies the user as an employee in the New York office of the US
division of the World Sales Corporation. Based on this filter, RACF will associate
the user ID NYUSER to any user presenting a certificate containing this significant
portion of the subjects distinguished name, who does not have an individual
certificate registered with RACF.
Users that present certificates that contain subjects distinguished names that match
both filters will be associated with the user ID of the most specific filter. In this case,
the most specific filter is the filter labeled NY SALES REPS. For example, if the
users Agneta and Hiro, whose certificate information is shown in Table 41 on page
570, present certificates while these two subjects name filters are in effect, the
following will result:
1. Agneta will be associated with the user ID NYSALES, based on the filter labeled
NY SALES REPS.
2. Hiro will be associated with the user ID NYUSER, based on the filter labeled NY
OTHERS.
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Note: If either Agneta or Hiro had individual certificates registered to RACF,
they would have been assigned the user ID specified when the
certificates were registered.
Details for Processing Subjects Name Filters: Using the previous example,
Hiro presents a certificate that is not registered with RACF. The following represents
the sequence of processing that RACF, specifically the initACEE callable service,
will complete to process a subjects name filter.
1. The sequence shown in How RACF Processes Certificate Name Filters on
page 576 is followed, until the full subjects name is used to check for a
matching profile in the DIGTNMAP class, to determine if there is an applicable
certificate name filter.
Result: No DIGTNMAP profile is found to match:
CN=Hiro Ogura.OU=Admin.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
2. A partial subjects name is formed by removing the most specific node (the CN
node) and used to check for a matching profile in the DIGTNMAP class.
OU=Admin.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
3. The next partial subjects name is formed by removing the next most specific
node (OU=Admin) and used to check for a matching profile in the DIGTNMAP
class.
Result: A DIGTNMAP profile is found to match:
OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
4. Processing by initACEE continues using the user ID NYUSER for Hiros certificate.
Subjects and Issuers Name Filter

A subjects and issuers name filter contains a combination of a full or partial
subjects distinguished name, and the full issuers distinguished name. These filters
can be used when either the subjects name alone or the issuers name alone does
not provide enough information to associate a certificate with a user ID. This
happens when two different certificate authorities issue certificates for the same
subject name, or, most commonly, when one certificate authority issues certificates
for many different subject names.
A subjects and issuers name filter can contain the full subjects name, including the
CN node, and the full issuers name. In such a case, you can consider registering
the certificate that contains these full names using the RACDCERT ADD command.
However, if you register the certificate, RACF will store the certificate as a
DIGTCERT profile and you will need to take action when the certificate expires to
remove or replace it.
Using the directory information shown in Figure 56 on page 570, suppose we add
another filter to our previously defined name filters. This filter will associate all users
in the Administration department of the New York office with the user ID NYADMIN.
We will create a subjects and issuers name filter, based on the following significant
portion of the subject name, and the full issuers name:
OU=Admin.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
OU=VeriSign Class 1 Individual Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet
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Example: The RACDCERT MAP command shown in Figure 60 creates a subjects
and issuers name filter based on the partial subjects distinguished name and the
full issuers name.
RACDCERT ID(NYADMIN) MAP WITHLABEL(NY ADMIN) TRUST

SDNFILTER(OU=Admin.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp)
Figure 60. Sample RACDCERT MAP Command for Creating a Subjects and Issuers Name
Filter
This filter contains the portion of the subjects distinguished name that identifies the
user as an employee of the Administration department in the New York office of the
US division of the World Sales Corporation, and the full issuers distinguished name
that identifies the issuer as VeriSign Class 1. Based on this filter, RACF will
associate the user ID NYADMIN to any user presenting a certificate issued by
VeriSign Class 1 containing this significant portion of the subjects distinguished
name, who does not have an individual certificate registered with RACF.
Therefore, if the users Timo and Hiro, whose certificate information is shown in
Table 41 on page 570, present certificates while all defined name filters are in
effect, the following will result:
1. Hiro will be associated with the user ID NYADMIN, based on the filter labeled NY
ADMIN.
2. Timo will be associated with the user ID WEBUSER, based on the filter labeled
INTERNET OTHERS.
Note: If either Hiro or Timo had individual certificates registered to RACF, they
would have been assigned the user ID specified when the certificates
were registered.
Details for Processing Subjects and Issuers Name Filters: Timo presents a
digital certificate that is not registered with RACF. The following represents the
sequence of processing that RACF, specifically the initACEE callable service, will
complete in order to process full and partial subjects names.
page 576 is followed, until the full subjects name and issuers name is used to
check for a matching profile in the DIGTNMAP class, to determine if there is an
applicable certificate name filter.
CN=Timo Kokkonen.OU=Sales.OU=Los Angeles.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp |
2. A partial subjects name is formed by removing the most specific node (the CN
node) and used to check for a matching profile in the DIGTNMAP class.
OU=Sales.OU=Los Angeles.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp | OU=VeriSign Class 1
Individual Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet
3. The next partial subjects name is formed by removing the next most specific
node (OU=Sales) and used to check for a matching profile in the DIGTNMAP
class.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
OU=Los Angeles.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp | OU=VeriSign Class 1 Individual

The next partial subjects name is formed by removing the next most specific
node (OU=Los Angeles) and used to check for a matching profile in the
DIGTNMAP class.
OU=US.O=World Sales Corp | OU=VeriSign Class 1 Individual
The last partial subjects name is formed by removing the next most specific
node (OU=US) and used to check for a matching profile in the DIGTNMAP class.
O=World Sales Corp | OU=VeriSign Class 1 Individual
The full issuers name is then used to check for a matching profile in the
DIGTNMAP class.
Processing by initACEE continues using the user ID WEBUSER for the Timos
certificate.
How RACF Processes Certificate Name Filters

When user presents a digital certificate as identification and the initACEE callable
service is called to associate the certificate with a user ID, initACEE first searches
the DIGTCERT class using the certificates serial number and issuers distinguished
name to see if the certificate was previously registered to RACF. If no match is
found in the DIGTCERT class, initACEE attempts to locate an appropriate certificate
name filter by searching the DIGTNMAP class using a series of full and partial
distinguished names until the most specific matching filter is found. If no match is
found, and the certificate does not contain a hostIdMappings extension (see Using
a hostIdMappings extension on page 612), the certificate cannot be used to identity
the user to RACF.
The following values are used in sequence to search for a matching certificate
name filter:
1. subjects-full-name.issuers-full-name
2. subjects-partial-name.issuers-full-name
3. subjects-full-name
4. subjects-partial-name
5. issuers-full-name
6. issuers-partial-name
As soon as a matching certificate name filter is found, the user ID associated with
the filter is used to identify the user of the certificate. Note that searching is not
done for the following values:
subjects-full-name.issuers-partial-name
subjects-partial-name.issuers-partial-name
Each step of the search using a partial name may actually involve a series of
searches for partial name values based on the full name. Each partial name value
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in the series is determined by removing the next most specific node in the name.
For details on searching for a series of partial name values, see the next example
using Timos certificate.
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Using an Existing Certificate as a Model

An existing digital certificate can be used as a model for a certificate name filter, if it
is available in a cataloged data set. Using the RACDCERT MAP command with the
MAP(data-set-name) option, a stored certificate can be used to model the subjects
name filter, the issuers name filter, or both. The subjects distinguished name in the
certificate is used beginning with the value specified with the SDNFILTER. The
issuers distinguished name in the certificate is used beginning with the value
specified with the IDNFILTER.
For example, lets assume that Ines Sotos certificate is available in data set
CERTADM.SOTO, and that it contains the following subjects and issuers names:
CN=Ines Soto.OU=Admin.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp
The RACDCERT MAP commands shown in Figure 61 can be used to create

certificate name filters using Ines Sotos certificate as a model. Note that only the
starting point for each filter needs to be specified to indicate where the filter name
should begin.
RACDCERT ID(WEBUSER) MAP(CERTADM.SOTO) WITHLABEL(INTERNET OTHERS)

IDNFILTER(OU=) TRUST
RACDCERT ID(NYUSER) MAP(CERTADM.SOTO) WITHLABEL(NY OTHERS)
SDNFILTER(OU=N) TRUST
RACDCERT ID(NYADMIN) MAP(CERTADM.SOTO) WITHLABEL(NY SALES REPS)
SDNFILTER(OU=)
IDNFILTER(OU=) TRUST
Figure 61. Sample RACDCERT MAP Commands Using a Model Certificate
The RACDCERT MAP commands in Figure 62 can be used to create the same
certificate name filters as those created by the RACDCERT MAP commands in
Figure 61. Note that the RACDCERT commands in Figure 61 using the model
certificate are shorter and may minimize typographic errors when defining long filter
names.
RACDCERT ID(WEBUSER) MAP WITHLABEL(INTERNET OTHERS) TRUST

RACDCERT ID(NYUSER) MAP WITHLABEL(NY OTHERS) TRUST
SDNFILTER(OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp)
RACDCERT ID(NYADMIN) MAP WITHLABEL(NY ADMIN) TRUST
SDNFILTER(OU=Admin.OU=New York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp)
Figure 62. Sample RACDCERT MAP Commands Not Using a Model Certificate
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Excluding a Certificate Using the NOTRUST Option

You can use certificate name filtering to prevent a digital certificate from being
associated with a user ID by defining a name filter with the NOTRUST option, as
long as it is the most specific filter that matches the certificate you wish to exclude.
Certificate name filters defined with the NOTRUST option are not used to associate
a user ID to a certificate. The NOTRUST option can be used to exclude one or
more certificates.
The RACDCERT MAP command in Figure 63 defines a fully distinguished subjects
and issuers name filter labeled NOT FRANS with the NOTRUST option to prevent a
certificate from being mapped to the NYADMIN user ID.
RACDCERT ID(NYADMIN) MAP WITHLABEL(NOT FRANS) NOTRUST

SDNFILTER(CN=Frans De Graaff.OU=Admin.OU=New
York.OU=US.O=World Sales Corp)
Figure 63. Sample RACDCERT MAP Command Using the NOTRUST Option
Mapping Multiple User IDs Using Additional Criteria

You may need to assign more than one user ID to a certificate, based on the
particular circumstances in which the certificate is presented. Such circumstances
may include the following:
v The user of the certificate needs access to more than one application, and each
application requires a different user ID.
v The same application may run on more than one system, and each system
requires a different user ID.
Certificate name filtering allows you to associate more than one user ID to a
certificate using additional criteria, such as APPLID and SYSID. Other criteria, such
as SSL encryption level, may be used if this information passed with the certificate
by the caller of the initACEE callable service. For information about passing
additional criteria to initACEE, see z/OS Security Server RACF Callable Services.
You specify multiple user IDs for a filter using the RACDCERT MAP command with
the MULTIID option, and creating one general resource profile in the DIGTCRIT
class for each user ID you wish to associate with the filter. The name of the
DIGTCRIT profile consists of one or more criteria values. The user ID is specified
as the APPLDATA value. When you use RACDCERT MAP with the MULTIID option,
you do not specify a user ID. Instead, you use the CRITERIA option of RACDCERT
MAP to specify one or more variable names that correspond to values in the
DIGTCRIT profile names. Therefore, each MULTIID filter is associated with profiles
in the DIGTCRIT class instead of a user ID.
Using Application Criteria

When users have only one certificate but need to connect to multiple applications
that require different user IDs, you can assign user IDs based on the application
identifier (APPLID).
Example: Michaels Music Company has two Web-based applications: an on-line
royalties application, and an on-line inventory application. The company has
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contracted VeriSign to issue certificates to its users, one certificate for each user.
When one of the companys users connects to the royalties application, the users
certificate should be assigned the ROYALID user ID. When one of the companys
users connects to the inventory application, the users certificate should be
assigned the INVID user ID.
The RACDCERT MAP and RDEFINE commands shown in Figure 64 create a full
issuers name filter that maps these two user IDs based on the application being
accessed by the user of the certificate. The RACDCERT command uses the
MULTIID option to specify additional criteria contained in the DIGTCRIT class using
the predefined variable &APPLID. The RDEFINE commands create two profiles in the
DIGTCRIT class that associate each APPLID value with the user ID indicated by
the APPLDATA value.
RACDCERT MULTIID MAP WITHLABEL(All Michaels Music Employees) TRUST

IDNFILTER(OU=Michaels Music General Subscriber.O=VeriSign,
Inc.L=Internet)
CRITERIA(APPLID=&APPLID)
RDEFINE DIGTCRIT APPLID=EROYAL APPLDATA(ROYALID)
RDEFINE DIGTCRIT APPLID=EINV APPLDATA(INVID)
SETROPTS RACLIST(DIGTCRIT) REFRESH
Figure 64. Sample RACDCERT MAP and RDEFINE Commands for Mapping Multiple User
IDs
You can display mapping information for a MULTIID filter using the RACDCERT
LISTMAP command with the LABEL option. For example:
RACDCERT MULTIID LISTMAP(LABEL(All Michaels Music Employees))
Figure 65 shows sample output based on this RACDCERT LISTMAP command.
Mapping information for MULTIID:

Label: All Michaels Music Employees
Status: TRUST
Issuers Name Filter:
>OU=Michaels Music General Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet<
Subjects Name Filter:
><
Criteria:
APPLID=&APPLID
Figure 65. Sample Output from the LISTMAP Command for a MULTIID Filter
For details about using the RACDCERT MAP command with the MULTIID option,
RACDCERT LISTMAP, and the RDEFINE command, see z/OS Security Server
If a user certificate is used for additional applications and should be associated with
a user ID for these applications, you can create a generic DIGTCRIT profile named
APPLID=* to cover all other applications. For example, the addition of the following
DIGTCRIT profile to the MULTIID filter created in Figure 64 specifies that the
ALLAPPS user ID should be associated with all certificates used to access all other
applications.
579
SETROPTS GENERIC(DIGTCRIT)
RDEFINE DIGTCRIT APPLID=* APPLDATA(ALLAPPS)
Note: If the caller of the initACEE callable service does not specify the APPLID
variable, only the APPLID=* profile in the DIGTCRIT class will be used to
determine the RACF user ID.
Using System Criteria

When users have only one certificate but need to connect to multiple systems that
require different user IDs, you can assign user IDs based on the system identifier
(SYSID). The SYSID is the 4-character SID value specified in the SMFPRMxx
member of SYS1.PARMLIB on each system. You specify system criteria using the
predefined variable &SYSID with the CRITERIA option of the RACDCERT MAP
command for MULTIID filters. You must use the RDEFINE command to create
profiles in the DIGTCRIT class to associate each SYSID value with the user ID
indicated by the APPLDATA value.
Using Multiple Criteria

You can use multiple additional criteria with your certificate name filters by
specifying multiple values with the CRITERIA option of the RACDCERT MAP
command.
Example: Jamals Bank has contracted with VeriSign to provide certificates to its
customers and its account representatives. Both customers and account
representatives access the companys systems through SSL. Customer SSL
connections go through system A (SYSID=SYSA) and are only allowed access to
general information about the companys offerings. Account representatives connect
through system B (SYSID=SYSB) and need access to confidential customer
information. Both systems A and B share the RACF database.
The application that serves the companys data invokes initACEE and passes user
certificates with information about the SSL encryption level used by each user to
connect to the system. This information is passed to initACEE as a variable called
ENCRLVL, and the following values are assigned by the application based on the
SSL encryption strength of the connection:
HIGH
SSL encryption strength using at least 128-bit encryption
LOW
SSL encryption strength using 40-bit encryption
The RACDCERT MAP and DIGTCRIT commands shown in Figure 66 on page 581
set up an issuers name filter that uses multiple user IDs based on SYSID and
ENCRLVL. In this example, there is a certificate available for use as a model in
data set JAMALDC. The certificate contains the following issuers name.
OU=Jamals Bank General Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet
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RACDCERT MULTIID MAP(JAMALDC) WITHLABEL(All Jamals Users)

IDNFILTER(OU) CRITERIA(SYSID=&SYSID.ENCRLVL=&ENCRLVL)
SETROPTS
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
SETROPTS
GENERIC(DIGTCRIT)
DIGTCRIT SYSID=SYSB.ENCRLVL=HIGH APPLDATA(ACCTREP)
DIGTCRIT SYSID=SYSB.ENCRLVL=*
APPLDATA(GENERAL)
DIGTCRIT SYSID=SYSA.ENCRLVL=*
APPLDATA(GENERAL)
RACLIST(DIGTCRIT) REFRESH
Figure 66. Sample RACDCERT MAP and RDEFINE Commands using Multiple Criteria
The issuers name filter created in Figure 66 associates the following user IDs:
GENERAL
For all customers, and account representatives connecting with

low-strength encryption.
ACCTREP
For account representatives connecting with high-strength

encryption.
Details for Processing an Issuers Name Filter with Multiple Criteria: For
example, if a customer accesses the Jamals Bank system using an unregistered
user certificate, the following represents the sequence of processing that RACF,
specifically the initACEE callable service, will complete to process multiple criteria
using a DIGTCRIT profile.
page 576 is followed, until the full issuers name is used to check for a matching
profile in the DIGTNMAP class, to determine if there is an applicable certificate
name filter.
OU=Jamals Bank General Subscriber.O=VeriSign, Inc.L=Internet
2. The criteria definitions, SYSID=&SYSID.ENCRLVL=&ENCRLVL are found in the
DIGTNMAP profile, and the supplied values are substituted for each variable:
SYSID=SYSA and ENCRLVL=LOW.
Result: A DIGTCRIT profile is found to match:
SYSID=SYSA.ENCRLVL=*
3. Processing by initACEE continues using the user ID GENERAL for the customers
certificate.
Note: In this example, if the application calling the initACEE callable service
does not pass the ENCRLVL variable, only the SYSID= value is used to
determine the user ID. Therefore, the DIGTCRIT profile named
SYSID=SYSA.ENCRLVL=* is found to match, and the user ID GENERAL is still
used for the customers certificate.
Activating Additional Criteria

When you create a certificate name filter using the MULTIID option of the
RACDCERT MAP command, you must create corresponding profiles in the
DIGTCRIT class to specify the multiple user IDs associated with the filter. The
DIGTCRIT class must be active and SETROPTS RACLIST processing must be
active for the DIGTCRIT class. Before creating any profiles in the DIGTCRIT class,
you must issue the following command:
SETROPTS CLASSACT(DIGTCRIT) RACLIST(DIGTCRIT)
581
Once SETROPTS RACLIST processing is active for the DIGTCRIT class, you must
refresh the DIGTCRIT class in order for new or changed profiles to take effect. After
creating or changing a DIGTCRIT class profile, you must issue the following
command:
Automatic Registration of Digital Certificates

Your installation can provide a user interface to allow users to register their own
digital certificates. You can provide an HTML Web page and CGI program accessed
through WebSphere Application Server. (See the sample provided in
SYS1.SAMPLIB member RACINSTL.) The registration page can be used to prompt
for registration of the users certificate for his or her RACF user ID. When the user
clicks on the registration box, a secure session is set up using SSL and the users
digital certificate. The user is prompted for his or her RACF user ID and password,
which is passed from WebSphere Application Server to z/OS UNIX, then to RACF
through the initACEE callable service (IRRSIA00) for registration. RACF verifies the
user ID and password and creates an ACEE. Note that because the validity of the
certificate is established when the SSL connection is set up, the DIGTCERT profile
for this certificate is marked TRUSTed.
See Registering user certificates on page 612 for details about using the
registration function of the initACEE callable service.
Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) Considerations

Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) is a software element of z/OS and
OS/390 that provides the application programming interfaces to the cryptographic
hardware. ICSF is recommended for the storage of the private keys associated with
digital certificates. ICSF is a more secure solution than non-ICSF private key
management. ICSF ensures that private keys are encrypted under the ICSF master
key and that access to them is controlled by RACF general resources in the
CSFKEYS and CSFSERV classes. In addition, operational performance is improved
because ICSF utilizes the hardware CMOS Cryptographic Coprocessor.
If ICSF is implemented at your installation, you can specify its use for storage of
private keys by using the ICSF keyword on the RACDCERT GENCERT and
RACDCERT ADD commands (and the PCICC keyword on the RACDCERT
GENCERT command). You can also use ICSF to generate private keys using the
PCICC keyword. For information about specifying ICSF or PCICC with the
RACDCERT command, see z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language
Reference.
You can migrate non-ICSF private keys to ICSF simply by issuing the RACDCERT
ADD command, and using the ICSF keyword and data set that contains the existing
certificate specified. If the certificate data set is no longer available, it may be
recreated using the RACDCERT EXPORT command.
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Using the PCI or PCIX Cryptographic Coprocessor to generate private

keys
ICSF can use the PCI or PCIX cryptographic coprocessor to generate RSA
public/private key pairs. The PCICC keyword (on the RACDCERT command) is
used to detect when PCI or PCIX hardware is available, and use it to generate a
public/private key pair. The PCI or PCIX cryptographic coprocessor is only used if
ICSF is active and configured to use it.
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The irrcerta, irrmulti, and irrsitec User IDs

The irrcerta, irrmulti, and irrsitec user IDs are defined in USER profiles that
are supplied with RACF and can not be defined by your installation. They are used
to anchor certain profiles in the DIGTCERT and DIGTNMAP class that are not
associated with individual user IDs, and cannot be used for any other purpose.
v User certificates that you add using the RACDCERT ADD command with the
CERTAUTH option are automatically associated with the user ID irrcerta.
v User certificates that you add using the RACDCERT ADD command with the
SITE option are automatically associated with the RACF user ID irrsitec.
v Certificate name filters that you add using the RACDCERT MAP command with
the MULTIID option are automatically associated with the RACF user ID
irrmulti.
The use of these user IDs in DIGTCERT and DIGTNMAP profiles is automatic and
cannot be changed using RACF commands. These user IDs cannot be
administered using the ADDUSER, ALTUSER, DELUSER, LISTUSER and
CONNECT commands. Since profiles that are associated with these user IDs
contain lowercase characters, the SEARCH FILTER command is not intended for
use in locating them and will deliver unpredictable results.
The irrcerta, irrmulti, and irrsitec user ID profiles should not be deleted. They
must exist at initialization time or RACF initialization will automatically add them. In
addition, the remove ID utility (IRRRID00) will not create commands to process
these user IDs. For more information about IRRRID00 and the processing of
DIGTCERT and DIGTNMAP profiles, see Finding Residual IDs on page 377.
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Renewing an expiring certificate

When a certificate approaches its expiration date, you can renew the certificate and
continue using it. You can choose to renew the certificate using the same private
key, thereby extending the life of the private key. Or you can retire the private key
and replace it with a new private key (also called certificate rekeying or key
rollover). The following procedures are shown as examples of common scenarios in
which you will handle various types of expiring certificates by either renewing
private keys or by replacing private keys.
Renewing a certificate with the same private key
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You may receive a notification from your certificate authority that a certificate is
nearing its expiration date. When you renew a certificate using the same private
key, you extend the life of the private key and all information in the expiring
certificate is updated to reflect the renewal, including the key ring connection
information. The following procedures outline the steps to renew a certificate
labeled My Web Server Cert and is associated with the RACF user ID WEBSRV. In
each procedure, the expiring certificate was either issued by an external certificate
authority, issued by a local certificate authority, or was self-signed within RACF.
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Steps for renewing a certificate issued by an external CA
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1.
Perform the following steps to renew an expiring certificate issued by an external

certificate authority using the same private key.
Create a certificate request based on the expiring certificate and store it in a
MVS data set SYSADM.CERT.REQ by executing the following command:
RACDCERT ID(WEBSRV) GENREQ(LABEL(My Web Server Cert))
DSN(SYSADM.CERT.REQ)
583
_____________________________________________________________
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2.
Send the certificate request to the CA and receive the newly signed and
reissued certificate back from the CA into MVS data set SYSADM.CERT.B64.
Restriction: The certificate request data contained in the data set must be sent
to, and received from, the external CA using the process defined by the CA.
Those steps are not included.
_____________________________________________________________
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3.
Add the newly signed certificate into RACF and replace the existing certificate
by executing the following command:
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You have now renewed a certificate that was issued by an external certificate
authority using the same private key. All information in the certificate is updated to
reflect the renewal, including the key ring connection information.
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Steps for renewing a certificate issued by an local CA
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1.
2.
RACDCERT ID(WEBSRV) ADD(SYSADM.CERT.B64)
_____________________________________________________________
Perform the following steps to renew an expiring certificate using the same private
key when the certificate was generated by RACF and issued by a local certificate
authority. The expiring certificate was signed by a CERTAUTH certificate labeled
Local RACF CA.
_____________________________________________________________
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Renew and replace the existing certificate by executing the following command:
RACDCERT ID(WEBSRV) GENCERT(SYSADM.CERT.REQ)
SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(Local RACF CA))
_____________________________________________________________
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You have now renewed a certificate that was signed by a local certificate authority
and you renewed it using the same private key. All information in the certificate is
updated to reflect the renewal, including the key ring connection information.
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Steps for renewing a self-signed certificate in RACF
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1.
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2.
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You have now renewed an expiring self-signed certificate using the same private
key. All information in the certificate is updated to reflect the renewal, including the
key ring connection information.
Perform the following steps to renew an expiring self-signed certificate in RACF

using the same private key.
_____________________________________________________________
Execute the following command to renew and replace the expiring self-signed
certificate:
RACDCERT ID(WEBSRV) GENCERT(SYSADM.CERT.REQ)
SIGNWITH(LABEL(My Web Server Cert))
_____________________________________________________________
584
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Renewing with a new private key (rekeying)
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When you renew a certificate using a new private key, you retire the private key
and replace it with a new one. This process is commonly called certificate rekeying
or key rollover. You choose this option to prevent a private key from being
overused. (The more a key is used, the more susceptible it is to being broken and
recovered by an unintended party.)
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All information in the renewed certificate is updated to reflect the renewal, including
the key ring connection information. Once you retire and replace the old certificate,
you can now begin to use the new certificate and its private key. You can continue
to use the old, retired certificate until it expires to verify previously generated
signatures. However, you cannot use the retired certificate to sign new certificates.
Additionally, do not connect the retired certificate to any key rings as the default
certificate.
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When you rekey and rollover a private key, you use the REKEY and ROLLOVER
operands of the RACDCERT command. The REKEY operand makes a self-signed
copy of the original certificate with a new public-private key pair. The ROLLOVER
operand finalizes the rekey operation by replacing the use of the original certificate
with the new certificate in every key ring to which the original certificate is
connected. It also destroys the original private key and copies over the information
about its serial number base in case the certificate was being used to sign new
certificates.
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In the following procedures, the expiring certificate was either issued by an external
certificate authority, issued by a local certificate authority, or was self-signed within
RACF. In each case, you will replace the private key with a new one.
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Steps for rekeying a certificate issued by an external CA
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Perform the following steps to rekey a certificate issued by an external certificate

authority using a new private key.
1.
In this procedure, you are renewing a CERTAUTH certificate with label Local PKI
CA. It was issued by a commercial CA and is being used by PKI Services for the
PKI templates as a certificate authority (CA) certificate, making the PKI Services CA
a subordinate CA. The PCI cryptographic coprocessor will to be used to generate
the new key-pair. The size of the new private key will be 1024 bits (RACF default
size).
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Initiate the rekeying by executing the following RACF command:

RACDCERT CERTAUTH REKEY(LABEL(Local PKI CA))
WITHLABEL(Local PKI CA-2) PCICC
_____________________________________________________________
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2.
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3.
Create a request for an external CA to sign the new public key and reissue the
certificate. Create the request for the new key and store it in MVS data set
SYSADM.CERT.REQ by executing the following command:
RACDCERT CERTAUTH GENREQ(LABEL(Local PKI CA-2)) DSN(SYSADM.CERT.REQ)
_____________________________________________________________
Send the certificate request to the CA and receive the newly signed and
reissued certificate back from the CA into MVS data set SYSADM.CERT.B64.
585
_____________________________________________________________
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4.
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5.
You are now ready to retire the original certificate and must stop all use of the
original private key. If you are rekeying the PKI Services CA certificate, stop the
PKI Services daemon.
At this point, the original certificate and its private key exist in RACF with label
Local PKI CA. The new certificate and its private key exist in a separate
entry in RACF with label Local PKI CA-2. You can proceed to rollover the
key.
_____________________________________________________________
6.
Finalize the rollover by entering the following command:
Add the newly signed certificate into RACF and replace the self-signed rekeyed
certificate by executing the following command:
RACDCERT CERTAUTH ADD(SYSADM.CERT.B64)
_____________________________________________________________
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RACDCERT CERTAUTH ROLLOVER(LABEL(Local PKI CA))

NEWLABEL(Local PKI CA-2)
_____________________________________________________________
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7.
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You have now rekeyed a certificate that was issued by an external certificate
authority, using a new private key. All information in the certificate is updated to
reflect the renewal, including the key ring connection information. You have retired
and replaced the old certificate. You can now begin to use the new certificate and
its private key. You can continue to use the old certificate for signature verification
purposes until it expires. However, you cannot use the old certificate to sign new
certificates. Additionally, do not connect the old certificate to any key rings, as the
default certificate.
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Steps for rekeying a certificate issued by an local CA
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Perform the following steps to rekey a certificate issued by a local CA and replace
the private key.
1.
If you rekeyed the PKI Services CA certificate for the PKI templates, restart the
PKI Services daemon.
_____________________________________________________________
In this procedure, you are rekeying the certificate associated with the user ID
FTPSRV with label My FTP Server Cert. The certificate was issued by a
CERTAUTH certificate with label Local RACF CA that was generated by RACF.
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RACDCERT ID(FTPSRV) REKEY(LABEL(My FTP Server Cert))
WITHLABEL(My FTP Server Cert-2)
_____________________________________________________________
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2.
3.
Create a certificate request based on the new self-signed certificate and store it
in a MVS data set SYSADM.CERT.REQ by executing the following command:
RACDCERT ID(FTPSRV) GENREQ(LABEL(My FTP Server Cert-2))
_____________________________________________________________
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Sign the new certificate by executing the following command:

RACDCERT ID(FTPSRV) GENCERT(SYSADM.CERT.REQ)
SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(Local RACF CA))
_____________________________________________________________
586
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4.
5.
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original private key.
My FTP Server Cert. The new certificate and its private key exist in a
separate entry in RACF with label My FTP Server Cert-2. You can now
proceed to rollover the key.
_____________________________________________________________
Finalize the rollover by executing the following command:
RACDCERT ID(FTPSRV) ROLLOVER(LABEL(My FTP Server Cert))
NEWLABEL(My FTP Server Cert-2)
_____________________________________________________________
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You have now renewed a certificate that was signed by a local certificate authority
and you renewed it using a new private key. All information in the certificate is
updated to reflect the renewal, including the key ring connection information. You
have retired and replaced the old certificate. You can now begin to use the new
certificate and its private key. You can continue to use the old certificate for
signature verification purposes until it expires. However, you cannot use the old
certificate to sign new certificates. Additionally, do not connect the old certificate to
any key rings, as the default certificate.
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Steps for rekeying a self-signed certificate in RACF
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Perform the following steps to renew an expiring self-signed certificate in RACF by

replacing the private key.
1.
In this procedure, you are rekeying a self-signed certificate in RACF that is

associated with the user ID FTPSRV and is labeled My FTP Server Cert.
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RACDCERT ID(FTPSRV) REKEY(LABEL(My FTP Server Cert))
WITHLABEL(My FTP Server Cert-2)
_____________________________________________________________
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2.
original private key.
My FTP Server Cert. The new certificate and its private key exist in a
separate entry in RACF with label My FTP Server Cert-2. You can now
proceed to rollover the key.
3.
Finalize the rollover by entering the following command:
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RACDCERT ID(FTPSRV) ROLLOVER(LABEL(My FTP Server Cert))

NEWLABEL(My FTP Server Cert-2)
_____________________________________________________________
You have now renewed an expiring self-signed certificate using a new private key.
All information in the certificate is updated to reflect the renewal, including the key
ring connection information. You have retired and replaced the old certificate. You
can now begin to use the new certificate and its private key. You can continue to
use the old certificate for signature verification purposes until it expires. However,
you cannot use the old certificate to sign new certificates. Additionally, do not
connect the old certificate to any key rings, as the default certificate.
587
Supplied digital certificates

For your convenience, RACF supplies certificates for the following certificate
authorities so you do not need to define them yourself. The supplied certificates are
listed below using their complete names as issued by the certificate authority. Each
certificate is identified in RACF by its RACF label (a 32-character name). See
Listings of supplied certificates on page 589 to find the label for each supplied
certificate shown below.
1. VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
4. VeriSign Class 1 Individual Certification Authority
6. VeriSign International Server Certification Authority
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
RSA Secure Server Certification Authority

Thawte Server Certification Authority
Thawte Premium Server Certification Authority
Thawte Personal Basic Certification Authority
Thawte Personal Freemail Certification Authority
Thawte Personal Premium Certification Authority
Integrion Certification Authority Root
Identrus Root Interoperability Certificate Authority
15. GTE CyberTrust Root Certificate Authority

16. Entrust.net Secure Server Certificate Authority
17. Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
The supplied certificate-authority certificates are not connected to any key ring and
are defined as untrusted. This means that they will not be used for authenticating
these certificate authorities until you decide to use them.
Do not delete these certificates. If they do not exist at IPL time, RACF initialization
will automatically add them. Therefore, if you delete them, they will be recreated at
the next IPL.
Steps to begin using a supplied CA certificate

Perform the following steps to begin using a supplied certificate-authority certificate.
1.
Determine which of the supplied certificates you want to use.

You can issue the following command to view the current certificate information
listing for all certificate-authority certificates on your system, or see Listings of
supplied certificates on page 589 for a listing of each supplied certificate.
Example:
RACDCERT CERTAUTH LIST
_____________________________________________________________
2.
Modify each certificate to add the TRUST attribute.

Example:
RACDCERT CERTAUTH ALTER(LABEL(VeriSign Class 3 Primary CA)) TRUST
_____________________________________________________________
3.
588
Add a key ring for your server application, such as your Web server.
Example:
RACDCERT ADDRING(SSLring) ID(WEBSRV)
_____________________________________________________________
4.
Add each of your selected certificates to the key ring.

Example:
RACDCERT ID(WEBSRV) CONNECT(CERTAUTH LABEL(VeriSign Class 3 Primary CA)
RING(CARING)
Repeat this step for each certificate you want your server to accept.
_____________________________________________________________
5.
Unless already done, generate or acquire a certificate and private key for your
server. Certificates can be generated using a product such as z/OS Security
Server PKI Services, or by RACF using the RACDCERT GENCERT command.
_____________________________________________________________
Listings of supplied certificates

This section contains a complete listing for each supplied certificate-authority
certificate as it is supplied with RACF and does not reflect any changes you may
have made to these certificates.
The following listings were created using the RACDCERT LIST command, which is
the preferred method for listing certificate information. The profiles containing the
supplied certificates can also be listed using the RLIST or SEARCH commands. For
examples, see Figure 54 on page 564 and Figure 55 on page 565.
Note: The following times are shown in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Label: Verisign Class 3 Primary CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeWFmYmiiYeVQMOTgaKiQPNA15mJlIGZqEDDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/01/29 00:00:00
End Date:
2028/08/01 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>70BAE41D10D92934B638CA7B03CCBABF<
Issuers Name:
>US<
Subjects Name:
>US<
Ring Associations:

Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeWFmYmiiYeVQMOTgaKiQPJA15mJlIGZqEDDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/01/29 00:00:00
End Date:
2028/08/01 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>2D1BFC4A178DA391EBE7FFF58B45BE0B<
Issuers Name:
>US<
Subjects Name:
589
>US<
Ring Associations:

Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeWFmYmiiYeVQMOTgaKiQPFA15mJlIGZqEDDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/01/29 00:00:00
End Date:
2020/01/07 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>325033CF50D156F35C81AD655C4FC825<
Issuers Name:
>US<
Subjects Name:
>US<
Ring Associations:

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Label: Verisign Class 1 Individual CA

Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeWFmYmiiYeVQMOTgaKiQPFAyZWEiaWJhKSBk0DDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1998/05/11 24:00:00
End Date:
2008/05/12 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>0D8B4FEEAAD2185BF4756A9D29E17FFB<
Issuers Name:
>US<
Subjects Name:
>CN=VeriSign Class 1 CA Individual Subscriber-Persona Not Validated.OU<
>=www.verisign.com/repository/RPA Incorp. By Ref.,LIAB.LTD(c)98.OU=Ver<
>iSign Trust Network.O=VeriSign, Inc.<
Key Usage: CERTSIGN
Ring Associations:

Label: Verisign Class 2 Individual CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeWFmYmiiYeVQMOTgaKiQPJAyZWEiaWJhKSBk0DDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1998/05/11 24:00:00
End Date:
2004/01/06 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>52C820137C85A7EDF217CE82C8451673<
Issuers Name:
>US<
Subjects Name:
>CN=VeriSign Class 2 CA - Individual Subscriber.OU=www.verisign.com/re<
>pository/RPA Incorp. By Ref.,LIAB.LTD(c)98.OU=VeriSign Trust Network.<
>O=VeriSign, Inc.<
Key Usage: CERTSIGN
Ring Associations:
6. VeriSign International Server Certification Authority

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Label: Verisign International Svr CA

Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeWFmYmiiYeVQMmVo4WZlYGjiZaVgZNA4qWZQMPB
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1997/04/16 24:00:00
590
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End Date:
2011/10/24 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>236C971E2BC60D0BF97460DEF108C3C3<
Issuers Name:
>US<
Subjects Name:
>OU=www.verisign.com/CPS Incorp.by Ref. LIABILITY LTD.(c)97 VeriSign.O<
>U=VeriSign International Server CA - Class 3.OU=VeriSign, Inc..O=Veri<
>Sign Trust Network<
Key Usage: CERTSIGN
Ring Associations:
7. RSA Secure Server Certification Authority

Label: RSA Secure Server CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgdniwUDihYOkmYVA4oWZpYWZQMPB
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1994/11/09 00:00:00
End Date:
2010/01/07 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>02AD667E4E45FE5E576F3C98195EDDC0<
Issuers Name:
>OU=Secure Server Certification Authority.O=RSA Data Security, Inc..C=<
>US<
Subjects Name:
>OU=Secure Server Certification Authority.O=RSA Data Security, Inc..C=<
>US<
Ring Associations:
8. Thawte Server Certification Authority

Label: Thawte Server CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeOIgaajhUDihZmlhZlAw8FA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/08/01 00:00:00
End Date:
2020/12/31 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>01<
Issuers Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Server CA.OU=Certification Services<
> Division.O=Thawte Consulting cc.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Cape.C=ZA<
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Server CA.OU=Certification Services<
> Division.O=Thawte Consulting cc.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Cape.C=ZA<
Ring Associations:
9. Thawte Premium Server Certification Authority

Label: Thawte Premium Server CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeOIgaajhUDXmYWUiaSUQOKFmaWFmUDDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/08/01 00:00:00
End Date:
2020/12/31 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>01<
Issuers Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Premium Server CA.OU=Certificatio<
>n Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting cc.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Cap<
>e.C=ZA<
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Premium Server CA.OU=Certificatio<
>n Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting cc.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Cap<
591
>e.C=ZA<
Ring Associations:
10. Thawte Personal Basic Certification Authority

Label: Thawte Personal Basic CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeOIgaajhUDXhZmilpWBk0DCgaKJg0DDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/01/01 00:00:00
End Date:
2020/12/31 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>00<
Issuers Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Personal Basic CA.OU=Certificatio<
>n Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Cape.C<
>=ZA<
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Personal Basic CA.OU=Certificatio<
>n Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Cape.C<
>=ZA<
Ring Associations:
11. Thawte Personal Freemail Certification Authority

Label: Thawte Personal Freemail CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeOIgaajhUDXhZmilpWBk0DGmYWFlIGJk0DDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/01/01 00:00:00
End Date:
2020/12/31 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>00<
Issuers Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Personal Freemail CA.OU=Certif<
>ication Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting.L=Cape Town.SP=Western <
>Cape.C=ZA<
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Personal Freemail CA.OU=Certif<
>ication Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting.L=Cape Town.SP=Western <
>Cape.C=ZA<
Ring Associations:
12. Thawte Personal Premium Certification Authority

Label: Thawte Personal Premium CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgeOIgaajhUDXhZmilpWBk0DXmYWUiaSUQMPB
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/01/01 00:00:00
End Date:
2020/12/31 23:59:59
Serial Number:
>00<
Issuers Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Personal Premium CA.OU=Certific<
>ation Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Ca<
>pe.C=ZA<
Subjects Name:
>[email protected]=Thawte Personal Premium CA.OU=Certific<
>ation Services Division.O=Thawte Consulting.L=Cape Town.SP=Western Ca<
>pe.C=ZA<
Ring Associations:
13. Integrion Certification Authority Root
592
Label: Integrion CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgcmVo4WHmYmWlUDDwUBA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1997/05/20 10:03:48
End Date:
2017/05/20 10:03:48
Serial Number:
>3381F595<
Issuers Name:
>CN=Integrion Certification Authority Root.O=Integrion Financial Netwo<
>rk.C=US<
Subjects Name:
>CN=Integrion Certification Authority Root.O=Integrion Financial Netwo<
>rk.C=US<
Ring Associations:
14. Identrus Root Interoperability Certificate Authority

Label: Identrus Interoperability CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgcmEhZWjmaSiQMmVo4WZlpeFmYGCiZOJo6hAw8FA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 2000/02/08 14:21:54
End Date:
2010/02/05 14:21:54
Serial Number:
>38A02637<
Issuers Name:
>CN=Identrus Root Interoperability Certificate Authority.OU=Identrus R<
>oot Certificate Authority.O=Identrus LLC<
Subjects Name:
>CN=Identrus Root Interoperability Certificate Authority.OU=Identrus R<
>oot Certificate Authority.O=Identrus LLC<
Key Usage: HANDSHAKE, DATAENCRYPT, DOCSIGN
Ring Associations:
15. GTE CyberTrust Root Certificate Authority

Label: GTE CyberTrust Root CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgcfjxUDDqIKFmeOZpKKjQNmWlqNAw8FA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1996/02/23 23:01:00
End Date:
2006/02/23 23:59:00
Serial Number:
>01A3<
Issuers Name:
>CN=GTE CyberTrust Root.O=GTE Corporation.C=US<
Subjects Name:
Ring Associations:
16. Entrust.net Secure Server Certificate Authority

Label: Entrust.net Secure Server CA
Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgcWVo5mkoqNLlYWjQOKFg6SZhUDihZmlhZlAw8FA
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 2001/08/21 20:02:09
End Date:
2006/01/01 23:59:00
Serial Number:
>03<
Issuers Name:
Subjects Name:
>CN=Entrust.net Secure Server Certification Authority.OU=(c) 1999 Entr<
>ust.net Limited.OU=www.entrust.net/CPS incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)<
>.O=Entrust.net.C=US<
593
Key Usage: CERTSIGN
Ring Associations:
17. Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
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Label: Equifax Secure CA

Certificate ID: 2QiJmZmDhZmjgcWYpImGgadA4oWDpJmFQMPB
Status: NOTRUST
Start Date: 1998/08/22 12:41:51
End Date:
2018/08/22 12:41:51
Serial Number:
>35DEF4CF<
Issuers Name:
>OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority.O=Equifax.C=US<
Subjects Name:
>OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority.O=Equifax.C=US<
Key Usage: CERTSIGN
Ring Associations:
Implementation Scenarios
Authority
Secure servers require the ability to retrieve the certificate that is associated with a
particular server, along with the ability to perform operations with the private key of
the server, such as establishing an SSL session. Assume that we have a secure
server which has the distinguished name of OU=Inventory,O=XYZZY,C=US and a
domain name of xyzzy.com. This server executes on z/OS with the user ID
INVSERV. The steps to implement a server certificate are:
1. Generate a self-signed certificate for the server. This certificate is associated
with the user ID that is associated with the secure server.
RACDCERT ID(INVSERV)
GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(CN(xyzzy.com)
OU(Inventory)
O(XYZZY)
C(US))
WITHLABEL(Inventory Server)
Note: SSL requires that the domain name must be the common name (CN).
2. Create a certificate request to send to our chosen certificate authority. The
certificate request that we are creating is based on the certificate that we
created in the step above. Place this certificate into the data set
MARKN.INVSERV.GENREQ.
GENREQ(LABEL(Inventory Server))
DSN(MARKN.INVSERV.GENREQ)
3. Send the certificate request to the certificate authority. The certificate request is
in base64-encoded text. Typically, the request is sent to the certificate authority
by using cut and paste to place the certificate request into an e-mail that is
sent to the certificate authority.
Note: RACF is not involved with this step.
594
4. The certificate authority validates the certificate. If the certificate is approved by
the certificate authority, it is signed by the certificate authority, and returned to
the requestor.
5. Receive the returned certificate into a data set (for
example,MARKN.INVSERV.CERT). The returned certificate is in base64-encoded
text. This may be done with cut and paste, FTP, or other technique.
6. Replace the self-signed certificate with the certificate signed by the certificate
authority. Note that the certificate is only replaced if the user ID that is
specified as the ID value on the RACDCERT ADD command is the same user
ID that was specified when the certificate was created. If the ID is not the
same, then the certificate is added anew.
ADD(MARKN.INVSERV.CERT)
7. Connect the certificate to INVSERVs existing key ring and mark it as the
CONNECT(LABEL(Inventory Server)
RING(RING01)
DEFAULT)
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8. Assuming the chosen certificate authority certificate has already been added to
RACF under CERTAUTH with the label of External Inventory CA, connect it
to the key ring as well. This completes the certificate hierarchy from root to
inventory server.
CONNECT(CERTAUTH LABEL(External Inventory CA)
RING(RING01))
9. Give user INVSERV permission to read its own key ring:

RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING UACC(NONE)
PERMIT IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(INVSERV) ACCESS(READ)
10. Configure INVSERVs software to use RING01 for SSL. For example, for the
z/OS HTTP Server, set the keyFile directive to KeyFile RING01 SAF.
Scenario 2: Secure Server with a Locally Signed Certificate

This is similar to Scenario 1: Secure Server with a Certificate Signed by a
Certificate Authority on page 594 with the exception that the certificate assigned to
the secure server is a locally signed certificate rather than one signed by a
certificate authority. Assume that the local certificate authority has the distinguished
name of OU=Local Certificate Authority,O=XYZZY,C=US. The steps to implement
a locally signed server certificate are:
1. Generate a self-signed certificate to represent the local certificate authority.
This certificate is used as the certificate-authority certificate.
RACDCERT CERTAUTH
GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(OU(Local Certificate Authority)
O(XYZZY)
C(US))
KEYUSAGE(CERTSIGN)
WITHLABEL(XYZZY Local Certificate Authority)
595
2. Export the certificate to a data set, in this case MARKN.LOCCERTA.CERT.
RACDCERT CERTAUTH
EXPORT(LABEL(XYZZY Local Certificate Authority))
DSN(MARKN.LOCCERTA.CERT)
3. Place the certificate into the z/OS UNIX hierarchical file system (HFS).
OPUT MARKN.LOCCERTA.CERT /u/loccerta/certauth.cacert

4. Configure WebSphere Application Server to recognize the file
/u/loccerta/certauth.cacert as a certificate-authority MIME type.
5. Each end user must point their browser to the HFS file containing the
certificate and run an acceptance dialog to allow the browser to accept the
self-signed certificate. Each browser has its own mechanism for performing
this step.
6. Logon to the server user ID INVSERV and create a certificate for the server,
signed with the certificate-authority certificate that was created in step 1 on
page 595.
GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(CN(xyzzy.com)
OU(Inventory)
O(XYZZY)
C(US))
SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH
LABEL(XYZZY Local Certificate Authority))
7. Connect the certificate to INVSERVs existing key ring and mark it as the
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CONNECT(LABEL(Inventory Server)
RING(RING01)
DEFAULT)
8. Connect the local certificate authority certificate to the key ring as well. This
completes the certificate hierarchy from root to inventory server.
CONNECT(CERTAUTH LABEL(XYZZY Local Certificate Authority)
RING(RING01))
9. Give user INVSERV permission to read its own key ring:

10. Configure INVSERVs software to use RING01 for SSL. For example, for the
z/OS HTTP Server, set the keyFile directive to KeyFile RING01 SAF.
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Scenario 3: Migrating an ikeyman or gskkyman Certificate

The installation needs to migrate their existing certificates on z/OS. These
certificates were created with the ikeyman or gskkyman utility and reside in the z/OS
UNIX HFS. The steps to migrate these certificates are:
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596
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1. Using ikeyman or gskkyman, export the certificate from the ikeyman or gskkyman
key database file as a PKCS#12 export file and place it into the z/OS UNIX
HFS.
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2. Export the file to an MVS data set, in this case MARKN.IMPORTED.CERT.
Now you can use the certificate on z/OS as desired.
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Recommendation: Delete the ikeyman or gskkyman copy of the certificate so that

the private key cannot be used inadvertently.
OGET /u/markn/cert.usercert MARKN.IMPORTED.CERT BINARY
3. Add the certificate to the RACF database and assign it a user. Assume that
ikeyman or gskkyman encrypted the certificate with the password xyz.
RACDCERT ID(MARKN)
ADD(MARKN.IMPORTED.CERT)
WITHLABEL(Mark"s Personal Certificate)
TRUST
PASSWORD(xyz)
Scenario 4: Secure Server-to-Server Session Enablement

A company wishes to use two different secure servers for two different applications.
The first application is for its internal employee data, which allows employees to
read their own information, and allows designated employees to modify information.
This server is called internal_ss. The company also has an external secure server,
which is used by client applications running on the customers systems, to order
materials and check the status of orders. This server is called external_ss. The
internal_ss server executes with a user ID of INSS, and accepts certificates only
from the companys internal certificate authority, whose name is ACME Local
Certificate Authority. The external_ss server executes with a user ID of EXSS,
and accepts certificates from either the internal certificate authority called ACME
Local Certificate Authority or the external certificate authority called Really Big
Certificate Authority. Really Big Certificate Authoritys certificate is in the data
set REALBIG.CERTIF.
The commands to accomplish this are shown below. The authority checks that are
shown assume that the person who issues these commands does not have
SPECIAL authority, and is neither the user ID INSS or the user ID EXSS.
1. Create the user IDs for the secure servers.
ADDUSER INSS
ADDUSER EXSS
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Authority required: CLAUTH for the USER class and JOIN in the default
group to which they are connected.
2. Create the internal certificate authority.
RACDCERT CERTAUTH GENCERT SUBJECTSDN(CN(ACME CA) O(ACME) C(US))
WITHLABEL(ACME)
Authority required: CONTROL to the IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT and

IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD resources in the FACILITY class.
3. Add the external certificate authority certificate.
RACDCERT CERTAUTH ADD(REALBIG.CERTIF) TRUST WITHLABEL(Really Big)
Authority required: CONTROL to the IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD resource in the

FACILITY class.
597
4. Generate the server certificates and the associated private keys. On platforms
other than z/OS or OS/390, this is performed using a facility such as mkkf,
ikeyman, or equivalent. On z/OS or OS/390, this is performed using the
RACDCERT GENCERT command. To generate the certificates for the two
servers, these two RACDCERT commands are required:
RACDCERT ID(INSS)
GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(CN(Internal Secure Server) C(US))
WITHLABEL(INSS-001)
SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(ACME))
RACDCERT ID(EXSS)
GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(CN(External Secure Server) C(US))
WITHLABEL(EXSS-001)
The internal server certificate was signed by the internal certificate authority.
However, the external server certificate must be signed by the "Really Big"
external certificate authority. To do that, follow steps 26 in Scenario 1
replacing the ID and LABEL values specified with ID(EXSS) and
LABEL(EXSS-001).
Authority required: UPDATE to the resources IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD and
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENREQ in the FACILITY class, along with CONTROL to the
resource IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT in the FACILITY class.
5. Create key rings for the secure servers.
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RACDCERT ID(EXSS) ADDRING(RING01)

RACDCERT ID(INSS) ADDRING(RING01)
Authority required: UPDATE to the resource IRR.DIGTCERT.ADDRING in the

FACILITY class.
6. Connect the certificates to INSSs key ring.
RACDCERT ID(INSS) CONNECT(ID(INSS) LABEL(INSS-001) RING(RING01) DEFAULT)
RACDCERT ID(INSS) CONNECT(CERTAUTH LABEL(ACME) RING(RING01))
Authority required: CONTROL to the resource IRR.DIGTCERT.CONNECT in

the FACILITY class.
7. Connect the certificates to EXSSs key ring.
RACDCERT ID(EXSS) CONNECT(ID(EXSS) LABEL(EXSS-001) RING(RING01) DEFAULT)
RACDCERT ID(EXSS) CONNECT(CERTAUTH LABEL(ACME) RING(RING01))
RACDCERT ID(EXSS) CONNECT(CERTAUTH LABEL(Really Big) RING(RING01))
Authority required: CONTROL to the resource IRR.DIGTCERT.CONNECT in

the FACILITY class.
8. Give user INSS permission to read its own key ring:
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PERMIT IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(INSS) ACCESS(READ)
9. Configure INSSs software to use RING01 for SSL. For example, for the z/OS
HTTP Server, set the keyFile directive to KeyFile RING01 SAF.
10. Give user EXSS permission to read its own key ring:
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PERMIT IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(EXSS) ACCESS(READ)
11. Configure EXSSs software to use RING01 for SSL. For example, for the z/OS
HTTP Server, set the keyFile directive to KeyFile RING01 SAF.
598

Certificate
The installation wishes to locally issue client browser certificates. This is similar to
Scenario 2: Secure Server with a Locally Signed Certificate on page 595 in that a
local certificate-authority certificate must first be created. In this case, a client
certificate is created, locally signed, exported from RACF in PKCS#12 format, and
imported into the users browser.
1. Follow steps 1 through 6 as described in Scenario 2: Secure Server with a
Locally Signed Certificate on page 595 to create a local certificate-authority
certificate to use for signing client browser certificates.
2. User MARKN can obtain a local browser certificate for himself using the following
command:
RACDCERT ID(MARKN)
GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(CN(Mark Napolitano)
OU(Local Certificate Authority)
O(XYZZY)
C(US))
WITHLABEL(My Browser Cert)
KEYUSAGE(HANDSHAKE)
SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(XYZZY Local Certificate Authority))
3. Export the certificate and private key to an MVS data set in PKCS#12 binary
form where the password is The circus is coming:
RACDCERT ID(MARKN)
EXPORT
LABEL(My Browser Cert)
DSN(MARKN.BROWSERC.P12BIN)
PASSWORD(The circus is coming)
FORMAT(PKCS12DER)
4. Use FTP to send the exported certificate data set in binary format to the target
workstation. Use the appropriate browser-specific procedure to import the
PKCS#12 package.
5. Optionally, the certificate labeled My Browser Cert may be deleted from the
RACF database if an appropriate certificate name filter is available to provide a
user ID association, and the specific association between this certificate and the
user ID MARKN is not required.
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Scenario 6: Enabling Secure Outbound FTP

A company wishes to allow its employees to make FTP requests from z/OS to three
FTP servers out on the Internet. The clients (z/OS users) will authenticate to the
FTP servers with preestablished user IDs and passwords. For privacy protection,
the company wishes to use secure FTP to encrypt the information being
transferred. Therefore, SSL will be used without client authentication. To use the
FTP client with SSL, a key ring containing the certificate authority certificates must
be created for the target FTP servers. Client authentication, such as a client
certificate, is not required. One key ring will suffice for all users. In this scenario, the
CA certificates for the three FTP servers have been obtained and reside in the
following three data sets: FTPD.CACERT1, FTPD.CACERT2, and FTPD.CACERT3.
1. Add the three certificate authority certificates to RACF:
RACDCERT CERTAUTH ADD(FTPD.CACERT1) WITHLABEL(CA For FTP Server 1)
599
2. Create a key ring to hold the three certificate authority certificates. (This key ring
represents the FTP trust policy for this company.) The key ring must be
associated with a single user ID even though it will be shared by multiple users.
Therefore, the key ring in this scenario is associated with the local FTP server
daemon user ID, FTPD:
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RACDCERT ID(FTPD) ADDRING(RING01)
3. Connect the three certificate authority (CA) certificates to the FTP servers key
ring. Because this key ring will contain only CA certificates, it will not have a
default certificate. Therefore, the DEFAULT keyword is not specified.
RACDCERT ID(FTPD) CONNECT(CERTAUTH LABEL(CA For FTP Server 1) RING(RING01))
4. Permit the z/OS users who need to invoke FTP (USER01 and USER02) read
access to the shared key ring:
PERMIT IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(USER01,USER02) ACCESS(UPDATE)
5. Configure the FTP client to use the shared key ring by specifying its fully
qualified name for the KEYRING directive:
KEYRING FTPD/RING01
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Scenario 7: Sharing One Certificate Between Multiple Servers
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This is similar to Scenario 1: Secure Server with a Certificate Signed by a

Certificate Authority on page 594 with the exception that this scenario involves
sharing a single certificate (and its private key) between two servers, the inventory
server and the FTP server. The inventory server is associated with the user ID
INVSERV, while the FTP server is associated with user ID FTPD.
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Restriction: You may be restricted from sharing certificates if, for example, you use
a protocol that requires different certificate extensions each server.
1. Generate a self-signed placeholder certificate for the two servers. Since this will
be a shared certificate, it should be associated with SITE rather than the
INVSERV user ID:
RACDCERT SITE GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(CN(xyzzy.com) OU(Shared) O(XYZZY) C(US))
WITHLABEL(Shared Server)
2. Create a certificate request to send to our chosen certificate authority. The

certificate request that we are creating is based on the certificate that we
created in the step above. Place this certificate into the data set
MARKN.SHRSERV.GENREQ.
RACDCERT SITE DSN(MARKN.SHRSERV.GENREQ)
3. Send the certificate request to the CA and receive the returned certificate from
the CA into data set MARKN.SHRSERV.CERT.
4. Replace the self-signed certificate with the certificate signed by the certificate
authority. The example command uses the SITE keyword because the
self-signed placeholder certificate was created under SITE and will only be
replaced if the SITE keyword is specified on the RACDCERT ADD command. If
SITE is not specified, then the certificate is added as a new certificate.
RACDCERT SITE ADD(MARKN.SHRSERV.CERT) WITHLABEL(Shared Server)
600
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5. Create a key ring to be shared between the two user IDs. (The key ring must be
associated with a single user ID even though it will be shared by the two
servers. Therefore, associate the key ring with the user ID of one of the two
servers.) Then, connect the shared certificate to INVSERVs key ring and mark
it as the default certificate.
RACDCERT ID(INVSERV) ADDRING(RING01)
RACDCERT ID(INVSERV) CONNECT(LABEL(Shared Server) RING(RING01) DEFAULT)
6. Protect the shared key ring and permit the user IDs of each server access to
read it. (Because the key ring is associated with INVSERV, the user ID for the
inventory server needs only READ access.)
PERMIT IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(FTPD) ACCESS(UPDATE)
7. Protect the private key and permit the user IDs of each server to access it. They
both need CONTROL access.
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT UACC(NONE)
PERMIT IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT CLASS(FACILITY) ID(INVSERV,FTPD) ACCESS(CONTROL)
8. Configure each server to use the shared key ring. Because the key ring is
associated with INVSERV, the KEYRING directive need not be fully qualified for
when you configure the INVSERV server. For the FTP server, specify the fully
qualified name.
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Server user ID Key ring directive

INVSERV
KEYRING RING01
FTP
KEYRING INVSERV/RING01
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If INVSERV is a z/OS HTTP Server, set the keyFile directive to:
Note: RACF is not involved in this step.
KeyFile RING01 SAF
601
602
Chapter 22. RACF and z/OS Security Server Network

Authentication Service
Customizing your local environment . . . . . .
Defining your local RRSF node . . . . . .
Defining your local realm . . . . . . . . .
Defining local principals . . . . . . . . .
Generating keys for local principals . . . .
Automatic local principal name mapping . . .
System considerations for KERBLINK profiles
Considerations for local principal names . .
Customizing your foreign environment . . . . .
Defining foreign realms . . . . . . . . .
Mapping foreign principal names . . . . . .
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603
604
604
605
606
607
608
608
608
609
609
This chapter provides information on using RACF with z/OS Security Server
Network Authentication Service.
Network Authentication Service uses RACF to store and administer information
about principals and realms, using RACF user profiles and general resource
profiles. The KERB segment of the user profile is used to store information about
Network Authentication Service principals on your local system. The general
resource class KERBLINK allows you to map principals to RACF user IDs on your
system. The general resource class REALM defines the local Network
Authentication Service realm and its trust relationships with foreign realms.
RACF also provides a callable service named R_ticketserv (IRRSPK00) for
application servers that use Network Authentication Service services. See
Controlling applications that invoke R_ticketserv on page 619 for more information.
This chapter describes how to use RACF to complete the following steps in the
implementation of Network Authentication Service.
1. Customizing the local environment.
a. Defining your local RRSF (RACF remote sharing facility) node.
b. Defining your local realm.
c. Defining local principals.
2. Defining your foreign environment.
a. Defining foreign realms.
b. Mapping RACF user IDs for foreign principals.
See the Network Authentication Service product documentation for implementation
details.
Customizing your local environment

Before beginning to create RACF definitions to support your Network Authentication
Service implementation, you must define your local system as the local RRSF node.
If you have already implemented RRSF, you should review RRSF Considerations
for Network Authentication Service on page 416 before beginning to create RACF
definitions for principals and realms.
603
Network Authentication
In this section, we will discuss defining your local server as the local realm. Once
this definition is complete, you can begin defining your users as local principals and
ensuring that their keys are registered with your local server.
Defining your local RRSF node

You must define your local system as the local RRSF node using the TARGET
command, even if you are not planning to exploit RRSF functions. For example:
@TARGET NODE(ENDMVSA) LOCAL
You must define your local system as the local RRSF node to allow keys to be
generated for local principals who have their passwords changed through
application updates. If the local RRSF node is not defined, RACF will not generate
keys for local principals who change their own passwords. See Generating keys for
local principals on page 606 for more information.
If RRSF is already implemented, you might have already defined your local system
as a local RRSF node. However, be sure to review RRSF Considerations for
Network Authentication Service on page 416.
Defining your local realm

You must define your local realm to RACF before you define local principals. This is
because the local realm name is used to generate keys for local principals. You
define your local realm by creating a profile in the REALM class called KERBDFLT.
Using the KERB option of the RDEFINE and RALTER commands, you can specify
the following information about your local realm:
KERBNAME
Name of the local realm.
MINTKTLFE
Minimum ticket lifetime for the local realm.
DEFTKTLFE
Default ticket lifetime for the local realm.
MAXTKTLFE
Maximum ticket lifetime for the local realm.
ENCRYPT
Key encryption options (DES, DES3, DESD).
PASSWORD
Value of the password for the local realm.

Notes:
1. This password is not a RACF user password. Therefore, it is not
constrained by SETROPTS password rules that can be
specified to control user passwords. In addition, the
installation-defined new-password exit (ICHPWX01) is not
invoked.
2. A password value must be supplied.
3. Uppercase and lowercase letters are accepted and maintained
in the case in which they are entered.
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for detailed
information about using the KERB option of the RDEFINE and RALTER commands
to administer profiles in the REALM class.
Example of defining the local realm
The following example shows a local realm KRB2000.IBM.COM being defined with a
minimum ticket lifetime of 30 seconds, a default ticket lifetime of 10 hours, a
604
maximum ticket lifetime of 24 hours, and a password of 744275. All of the ticket
lifetimes are specified in seconds. The administrator then lists the new REALM
profile.
RDEFINE REALM KERBDFLT KERB(KERBNAME(KRB2000.IBM.COM) MINTKTLFE(30)
DEFTKTLFE(36000) MAXTKTLFE(86400) PASSWORD(NEW1pw))
RLIST REALM
CLASS
----REALM
KERBDFLT KERB NORACF

NAME
---KERBDFLT
KERB INFORMATION
---------------KERBNAME= KRB2000.IBM.COM
MINTKTLFE= 0000000030
MAXTKTLFE= 0000086400
DEFTKTLFE= 0000036000
KEY VERSION= 001
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for RLIST
authorization requirements.
If Kerberos is in use at your installation and you wish to define a realm name, you
must consider the following. In order to help you distinguish between RACF and
Kerberos REALM names since RACF allows differentiation in the nomenclature, you
can use the RDEFINE command to define the non-Kerberos profile names in the
REALM class. For example, if you want to define the SAFDFLT profile in the
REALM class (as opposed to the KERBDFLT profile) using the APPLDATA field to
define the RACF realm name, issue:
RDEFINE REALM SAFDFLT APPLDATA(racf.winmvs2c)
As a result, the realm name of racf.winmvs2c is selected to give a name to the set
of user IDs and other user information held in the security manager database.
Defining local principals

You must define local principals as RACF users using the ADDUSER and
ALTUSER commands with the KERB option. This creates a KERB segment in the
user profile. Each local principal must have a RACF password. Therefore, do not
use the NOPASSWORD option when defining local principals.
You can specify the following information for your local principals:
KERBNAME
Local principal name.

Note: Uppercase and lowercase letters are accepted and
maintained in the case in which they are entered.
MAXTKTLFE
Maximum ticket lifetime for the local principal.
ENCRYPT
Key encryption options (DES, DES3, DESD).
information about using the KERB option of the ADDUSER and ALTUSER
commands to administer user profiles for local principals.
For example:
ALTUSER LEMIEUX KERB(KERBNAME(JacquesLemieux))
Chapter 22. RACF and z/OS Security Server Network Authentication Service
605
Generating keys for local principals

Each local principal must have a key registered with the local Network
Authentication Service server in order to be recognized as a local principal. The
users definition as a local principal is not complete until the key is generated. The
key is generated from the principals RACF user password at the time of the users
password change. If you want a key to be generated, be sure to use a password
change facility that will not result in an expired password that the user must change
at next logon. For example, you can use the NOEXPIRED option of the ALTUSER
command.
System considerations for key generation: In order to successfully complete
password changes for key generation, the RACF address space must be started
and must be executing under the authority of a user ID that is associated with a
user identifier (UID). In addition, each user or administrator who generates keys
must also have an associated UID. As an alternative to defining individual UIDs for
each user ID, you can customize your z/OS UNIX security environment to allow
default OMVS segment processing. For more information, see Defining user
identifiers (UIDs) on page 535 and Using default OMVS segments in USER and
GROUP profiles on page 541.
SETROPTS KERBLVL processing: You can use the SETROPTS KERBLVL
command to control the key types that can be used for authentication by users and
realms on your RACF system. The supported key types are DES, DES3, and DESD
(DES with derivation). They can be set using the KERB ENCRYPT operand of the
ADDUSER, ALTUSER, RDEFINE and RALTER commands. The SETROPTS
KERBLVL(0) setting allows only DES keys to be used for all users and realms. The
SETROPTS KERBLVL(1) setting allows the DES, DES3, and DESD keys to be
used, based on the options specified or defaulted in each user and realm profile.
information about using the ADDUSER, ALTUSER, RDEFINE and RALTER
commands to set KERB ENCRYPT options.
When KERBLVL(0) is in effect, only DES keys are generated at key generation
time, and are used for authentication, regardless of the settings indicated in each
user and realm profile. When KERBLVL(1) is effect, all three key types are
generated at key generation time, regardless of the settings indicated in each user
and realm profile; however, only the key types indicated in the profiles will be used.
If no key types are indicated, no key will be available for authentication, and the
user or realm will be unable to use the facilities of Network Authentication Service.
Once SETROPTS KERBLVL(1) has been enabled, it is inadvisable to reset to
KERBLVL(0). This might create inconsistencies in the processing of encryption
information for user and realm profiles. In these cases, the profiles might indicate
that DES3 and DESD keys should be used, but they will not be used until
KERBLVL(1) is enabled again.
Before enabling KERBLVL(1) for the first time, you can choose to specify the DES3
or DESD encryption options in advance for each user and realm while KERBLVL(0)
is still in effect. The options will be ignored, but once KERBLVL(1) is enabled, these
keys will be available for use, as soon as they are generated at next key generation
time.
Coexistence considerations: If your installation shares the RACF database among
systems that support KERB segments for user profiles and those that do not, you
should not allow users to change their own passwords for key generation from
systems that do not support the KERB segment. Keys will only be generated when
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users change their passwords from systems that support the KERB segment.
Password changes made from systems that do not support the KERB segment will
not generate keys to complete the users local principal definitions.
If your installation shares the RACF database among systems that support the
SETROPTS KERBLVL option and those that do not, you should not enable
KERBLVL(1). This could allow the creation of keys that are unusable on downlevel
systems. If KERBLVL(1) is desired, you should ensure that keys are not generated
or authenticated on downlevel systems.
Methods for generating keys: Security administrator method: You can change
a users password so that a key can be generated using the ALTUSER command
with the NOEXPIRED option. For example:
ALTUSER LEMIEUX PASSWORD(new1pw) NOEXPIRED
Notes:
1. Do not use the NOPASSWORD option.
2. You must specify a password value so a key can be generated.
3. All characters of the password will be folded to uppercase.
Alternatively, you can add a KERB segment for a local principal and generate the
required key using a single RACF command. For example:
ALTUSER LEMIEUX PASSWORD(NEW1PW) NOEXPIRED KERB(KERBNAME(JacquesLemieux))
User method: Users can change their own passwords, completing their own
definitions as local principals, by using any standard RACF password-change
facility, such as one of the following:
v TSO PASSWORD command (without the ID option)
v TSO logon
v CICS signon
Notes:
1. Password change requests from applications that encrypt the password prior to
calling RACF will not result in usable keys.
2. All characters of the password will be folded to uppercase.
A local principals key will be revoked whenever the users RACF user ID is revoked
or the RACF password is considered expired. If the users key is revoked, the
server will reject ticket requests from this user.
Automatic local principal name mapping

For each local principal you define on your system using the KERB option of the
ADDUSER and ALTUSER commands, RACF automatically creates a mapping
profile in the KERBLINK class. When you issue the ALTUSER command with the
NOKERB option or issue a DELUSER for a user with a KERB segment, RACF
automatically deletes the KERBLINK profile.
The KERBLINK profile maps the local principal name to the users RACF user ID.
The name of the KERBLINK profile for a local principal is the principal name
specified as the KERBNAME value with the ADDUSER or ALTUSER command.
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System considerations for KERBLINK profiles

Your installation might share the RACF database among systems that support
KERBLINK class profiles and those that do not. However, you should not administer
user profiles containing KERB segments from systems that do not support the
KERBLINK class profiles.
Attention
Do not execute the DELUSER command, or an ALTUSER command with the
NOKERB option, for a user profile that contains a KERB segment from RACF
systems that do not support the KERBLINK class. These systems do not
automatically manage KERBLINK profiles. You will inadvertently leave residual
mapping profiles in the KERBLINK class. For information about recovery
procedures, see z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide.
Considerations for local principal names

The name of the KERBLINK profile contains the local principal name that is being
mapped. Local principal names can contain imbedded blanks and lower case
characters.
Blanks are not permitted as a part of a RACF profile name. Therefore, when
building the KERBLINK profile name, as a result of specifying KERBNAME with the
ADDUSER or ALTUSER command, RACF command processing will replace each
blank with the X'4A' character (which often resolves to the symbol). This can be
seen in the output from the RLIST KERBLINK * command, and in the output from the
RACF data base unload utility (IRRDBU00). RACF command processing also
prevents the X'4A' character () from being specified as part of the actual local
principal name.
You should use caution when specifying embedded blanks and lower case
characters in local principal names if:
v Your installation shares the RACF database among systems that support the
KERBLINK class and systems that do not.
v Administrators can issue DELUSER commands, or ALTUSER commands with
the NOKERB option, from systems that do not support the KERBLINK class.
Residual KERBLINK profiles will be left if these commands are issued from systems
that do not support the KERBLINK class. If the profile name contains blanks or
lower case characters, you might be unable to remove these profiles using RACF
commands. For information about recovery procedures, see z/OS Security Server
For information about the set of characters supported for local principal names, see
Customizing your foreign environment

Your local Network Authentication Service server can trust authentications
completed by other servers, and can be trusted by other servers, by participating in
trust relationships. See the Network Authentication Service product documentation
for details about trust relationships.
To participate in trust relationships, you must define each server as a foreign realm.
Then, you can allow users who are authenticated in foreign realms (foreign
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principals) to access protected resources on your local system by mapping one or
more RACF user IDs to foreign principal names. You do not need provide foreign
principals ability to logon to your local system. You can simply provide mapping to
one or more local user IDs so they can gain access privileges for local resources
that are under the control of an application server, such as DB2.
Defining foreign realms

You define foreign realms by creating profiles in the REALM class. The profile name
of the REALM class profile contains the fully qualified name of both servers in the
relationship. The profile name uses the following formats:
/.../realm_1/KRBTGT/realm_2
Using the KERB option of the RDEFINE and RALTER commands, you define a
REALM profile and specify the following information:
PASSWORD
Value of the password for this trust relationship with a foreign realm.
Notes:
1. This password is not the same as a RACF user password. Therefore, it
is not constrained by the SETROPTS password rules that can be
specified to control user passwords.
2. A value must be supplied to establish a trust relationship with this
foreign realm.
information about using the KERB option of the RDEFINE and RALTER commands
to administer profiles in the REALM class.
For example:
RDEFINE REALM /.../KERBZOS.ENDICOTT.IBM.COM/KRBTGT/KER2000.ENDICOTT.IBM.COM
KERB(PASSWORD(1276458))
Mapping foreign principal names

You map foreign principals names to RACF user IDs on your local system by
defining general resource profiles in the KERBLINK class. You can map each
principal in a foreign realm to its own user ID on your local system, or you can map
all principals in a foreign realm to the same user ID on your system.
RACF user IDs that map to foreign principals do not need KERB segments. These
user IDs are intended to be used only to provide local RACF identities to associate
with access privileges for local resources that are under the control of an
application server, such as DB2.
Each mapping profile in the KERBLINK class is defined and modified using the
RDEFINE and RALTER commands. The name of the KERBLINK profile for a
foreign principal contains the principal name, fully qualified with the name of the
foreign realm. The profile name uses the following format:
/.../foreign_realm/[foreign-principal_name]
If you wish to map a unique RACF user ID to each foreign principal, you must
specify the foreign realm name and the foreign principal name. If you wish to map
the same RACF user ID to every foreign principal in the foreign realm, you need
only specify the foreign realm name. In each case, you specify the local user ID
using the APPLDATA option of the RDEFINE or RALTER command.
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Example of mapping foreign principal names
In the following example, the users SYKORA and NEDVED will have their foreign
principal names mapped with individual user IDs on the local z/OS system. All other
foreign principals presenting tickets from the KERBZOS.ENDICOTT.IBM.COM server will
be mapped to the ENDKERB user ID on the local z/OS system.
RDEFINE KERBLINK /.../KERBZOS.ENDICOTT.IBM.COM/SYKORA APPLDATA(PETRS)
RDEFINE KERBLINK /.../KERBZOS.ENDICOTT.IBM.COM/NEDVED APPLDATA(PAVELN)
RDEFINE KERBLINK /.../KERBZOS.ENDICOTT.IBM.COM/
APPLDATA(ENDKERB)
Note: All characters of the foreign realm name and the foreign principal name will
be folded to uppercase.
information about using the RDEFINE and RALTER commands to administer
mapping profiles for foreign principals in the KERBLINK class.
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Chapter 23. Controlling applications that invoke callable

services
Controlling applications that invoke initACEE . . . . .
Registering user certificates . . . . . . . . . . .
Deregistering user certificates . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing certificate-authority certificates . . . . . .
Using a hostIdMappings extension . . . . . . . .
Administering profiles in the SERVAUTH class . . .
Using the HIGHTRUST option . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_admin . . . . .
Defining applications as RACF users . . . . . . .
Permitting access to IRR.RADMIN resources . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_cacheserv . . . .
Authorizing servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_datalib . . . . .
Extracting private keys . . . . . . . . . . . .
User certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CERTAUTH and SITE certificates . . . . . . .
Managing certificate serial numbers . . . . . . . .
User certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CERTAUTH and SITE certificates . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_dceruid . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_PKIServ. . . . .
Authorizing end-user functions . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing administrative functions . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_proxyserv . . . .
Authorizing servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlling applications that invoke R_ticketserv . . . .
Defining applications as RACF users . . . . . . .
Permitting access to the IRR.RTICKETSERV resource .
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This chapter provides information about using RACF to authorize applications that
invoke SAF callable services. It also provides additional usage information specific
to the RACF implementation of SAF callable services.
SAF callable services are supported by RACF and may be supported by other
security products. See z/OS Security Server RACF Callable Services for detailed
information about invoking these services.
Controlling applications that invoke initACEE

Authorized applications, such as servers, that invoke the initACEE callable service
(IRRSIA00) can administer certificates associated with users and certificates
associated with certificate authorities. You authorize these applications by
administering the same FACILITY class resources checked by the RACDCERT
command. See Controlling the Use of the RACDCERT Command on page 559.
Authorized applications, such as web servers, can also present a clients certificate
containing a hostIdMappings extension and invoke the initACEE callable service to
request to have a security context (ACEE) created or have the clients user ID
queried and returned. You authorize these applications by administering profiles in
the SERVAUTH class.
611
Callable services
Registering user certificates

Applications can invoke the initACEE callable service (IRRSIA00) and pass a user
certificate requesting registration. If the callers user ID has at least READ authority
to the IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD resource, the certificate is associated with that user ID.
This initACEE register function performs the same function as the RACDCERT ADD
command. Therefore, a profile is created in the DIGTCERT class with the user ID in
the APPLDATA field, and the users profile is updated with the name of the
DIGTCERT profile. Once the certificate is registered, it can be used in the same
manner as a certificate that was registered using the RACDCERT command.
Note: RACF generates a label name for user certificates registered through the
initACEE callable service. The generated label name is of the form
LABELnnnnnnnn where nnnnnnnn is the first integer value (starting at 00000001)
that generates a unique label name.
Deregistering user certificates

Applications can invoke the initACEE callable service (IRRSIA00) requesting
deregistration of a user certificate. This deregistration function performs the same
function as the RACDCERT DELETE command, and disassociates the certificate
from the current user ID. If the callers user ID has at least READ authority to the
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELETE resource, the profile in the DIGTCERT class associating
the certificate with this user ID is deleted, and the name of the DIGTCERT profile is
removed from the users profile.
Replacing certificate-authority certificates

Applications can invoke the initACEE callable service (IRRSIA00) and pass a
certificate-authority certificate, requesting replacement of a previously registered
certificate-authority certificate. If the callers user ID has at least CONTROL
authority to the IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD resource and the previously registered
certificate-authority certificate is eligible for replacement, the certificate will be
replaced and the new certificate will be associated with the irrcerta user ID.
A previously registered certificate-authority certificate is eligible for replacement
when:
1. Its public key matches that of the input certificate-authority certificate.
2. Its subjects distinguished name matches that of the input certificate-authority
certificate.
3. It has a private key.
If the caller has CONTROL authority to the IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD resource but the
previously registered certificate-authority certificate is not eligible for replacement, it
will not be replaced. The input certificate will be added as a user certificate and will
be associated with the user ID of the caller. See Registering user certificates.
Using a hostIdMappings extension

Authorized applications, such as web servers, can present a clients certificate
containing a hostIdMappings extension and invoke the initACEE callable service
(IRRSIA00) to request to have a security context (ACEE) created or have the
clients user ID queried and returned. For the format of the hostIdMappings
extension, see z/OS Security Server RACF Callable Services.
In these cases, the application is seeking to complete a login for a client whose
certificate includes a hostIdMappings extension that may specify the user ID to be
used on a particular server (host). Controlling an identity used for login purposes is
612
Callable services
a very important security objective. Therefore, you should exercise administrative
control in the following areas by authorizing:
1. Which certificates with a hostIdMappings extension will be honored
2. Which servers will be authorized to accept logins using certificates that contain
explicit user IDs and host names
When an application calls the initACEE callable service for this purpose and passes
a certificate that has a hostIdMappings extension, the caller must have READ
authority for the IRR.HOST.host-name resource defined in the SERVAUTH class,
and the certificate must have been issued by a certificate authority that is defined
with the HIGHTRUST option.
The initACEE callable service builds a security context (ACEE) for the user ID
contained in hostIdMappings extension only if the certificate presented is not
registered in the RACF database, and there is no matching certificate name filter.
Administering profiles in the SERVAUTH class

You authorize servers to accept logins for clients whose certificates contain a
hostIdMappings extension by administering profiles in the SERVAUTH class. Be
sure that each server you wish to authorize is defined as a RACF user, if not
already defined. Servers may run as jobs or started procedures. For example:
ADDGROUP WEBSRVGP
ADDUSER WEBSRV1 GROUP(WEBSRVGP) NOPASSWORD
ADDUSER WEBSRV2 GROUP(WEBSRVGP) NOPASSWORD
Note: You should assign protected user IDs for servers using the NOPASSWORD
option. See Assigning RACF User IDs to Started Procedures on page 143.
Define resources in the SERVAUTH class using the following format:
IRR.HOST.host-name
Permit servers to access this resource with READ authority. This will allow them to
accept logins for the host name specified in the resource name. For example, to
allow the servers in the WEBSRVGP to accept logins for the host system called
MVSDSN1, execute the following commands:
RDEFINE SERVAUTH IRR.HOST.MVSDSN1 UACC(NONE)
PERMIT
IRR.HOST.MVSDSN1 CLASS(SERVAUTH) ID(WEBSRVGP) ACCESS(READ)
SETROPTS CLASSACT(SERVAUTH)
In this example, if a server running under the authority of user ID WEBSRV1 presents
a client certificate issued by a certificate authority with HIGHTRUST status and the
certificate contains a hostIdMappings extension that includes a user ID mapping for
host name MVSDSN1, a security context (ACEE) will be created for the user ID
mapped to MVSDSN1, as indicated in the hostIdMappings extension.
Using the HIGHTRUST option

You can control which certificates with a hostIdMappings extension will be honored
by authorized servers. You do this by defining the certificate authority that issues
these certificates as highly trusted on your system. For example:
RACDCERT CERTAUTH ALTER(LABEL(Local Certificate Authority)) HIGHTRUST
See z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference for details about
syntax and authorization required for using the RACDCERT command.
613
Callable services
Controlling applications that invoke R_admin

Authorized applications, such as servers, can invoke the R_admin callable service
(IRRSEQ00) to execute RACF commands. For detailed information about invoking
the R_admin callable service, see z/OS Security Server RACF Callable Services.
authorization to use the R_admin callable service. Applications that do not run in
system key or in supervisor state require RACF authorization.
To authorize applications that do not run in system key or supervisor state, you
must define RACF user IDs for them. These RACF user IDs must be given READ
access to RACF general resources in the FACILITY class. These resource names
correspond to RACF command names and follow the form:
IRR.RADMIN.command-name
Defining applications as RACF users

Each application server must be defined as a RACF user, if not already defined. It
may run as a job or a started procedure. If the application server executes as a
batch job, the RACF user ID that is added is the user ID associated with the batch
job. If the server executes as a started procedure, you must assign a RACF user ID
using one of the following methods:
preferred method.)
generic entry.
Permitting access to IRR.RADMIN resources

Authorization to use the R_admin callable service (IRRSEQ00) is controlled through
general resources called IRR.RADMIN.command-name in the FACILITY class. You
must define a profile for each command you wish to protect, and then permit
application user IDs to access the appropriate resources with READ authority. Each
resource name that you define for a specific command must include the full
command name even if the applications you authorize use the abbreviated form of
the command name.
Attention
inadvertently grant R_admin authority by default. It is recommended that you
define a profile named IRR.RADMIN.* with UACC(NONE) to protect all RACF
commands until you determine which commands you wish to protect and
which applications you wish to authorize.
The following example protects all RACF commands using the IRR.RADMIN.*
resource in the FACILITY class with UACC(NONE). It also authorizes an application
server called APPL04 to use the R_admin callable service to execute the LISTUSER
command.
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SETROPTS
RDEFINE
RDEFINE
PERMIT
GENERIC(FACILITY)
FACILITY IRR.RADMIN.*
UACC(NONE)
FACILITY IRR.RADMIN.LISTUSER UACC(NONE)
IRR.RADMIN.LISTUSER CLASS(FACILITY) ID(APPL04) ACCESS(READ)
The FACILITY class must be active to enable applications to use R_admin. If it is not
already active at your installation, you must activate the FACILITY class using the
SETROPTS command.

FACILITY class after you define or alter any profiles protecting IRR.RADMIN
resources:
Controlling applications that invoke R_cacheserv

Authorized applications, such as servers, can invoke the R_cacheserv callable
service (IRRSCH00) to request the storage or retrieval of security-relevant
information from a cache.
Authorizing servers
You authorize these application servers by administering a FACILITY class resource
called IRR.RCACHESERV.cachename. The server must be associated with a RACF
user ID or group that has at least READ authority to this resource to successfully
invoke IRRSCH00.
With READ authority, the server is authorized to use only the Fetch function of
IRRSCH00. With UPDATE authority or higher, the server can use all functions of
the service.
If the FACILITY class is inactive or the resource is not defined, only servers running
in system key or supervisor state may use IRRSCH00.
Authorization changes that you make for a server currently invoking IRRSCH00 will
not take effect until the job step task invoking the service ends and a new one is
started
Controlling applications that invoke R_datalib

Authorized applications, such as servers, that invoke the R_datalib callable service
(IRRSDL00) can extract private keys and manage certificate serial numbers. You
authorize these applications for these functions by administering the same
FACILITY class resources checked by the RACDCERT command. See Controlling
the Use of the RACDCERT Command on page 559.
Extracting private keys

Applications can invoke the R_datalib callable service (IRRSDL00) to extract the
private keys from certain certificates.
User certificates
An application can extract the private key from a user certificate if the following
conditions are met:
1. The callers user ID is the user ID associated with the certificate.
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Callable services
2. The certificate is connected to its key ring with the PERSONAL usage option.
CERTAUTH and SITE certificates

An application can extract the private key of a CERTAUTH or SITE certificate if the
following conditions are met:
1. The callers user ID has at least CONTROL authority to the resource
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT in the FACILITY class.
2. The certificate is connected to its key ring with the PERSONAL usage option.
Managing certificate serial numbers

Applications can invoke the R_datalib callable service (IRRSDL00) to manage
serial numbers for certain certificates.
User certificates
An application can increment the last serial number issued (CERTLSER) for a
user certificate if the following conditions are met:
1. The callers user ID is the user ID associated with the certificate.
2. The callers user ID has at least READ authority to the resource
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT in the FACILITY class.
CERTAUTH and SITE certificates

An application can increment the last serial number issued (CERTLSER) for a
CERTAUTH or SITE certificate, if the callers user ID has at least CONTROL
authority to the resource IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT in the FACILITY class.
Controlling applications that invoke R_dceruid

You need to define the IRR.RDCERUID profile in the FACILITY class to control the
use of the SAF R_dceruid callable service. This maps the DCE UUID to the RACF
user ID. Applications that use this service must have READ access or higher to the
resource IRR.RDCERUID.
Controlling applications that invoke R_PKIServ

Authorized applications, such as servers, that invoke the R_PKIServ callable
service (IRRSPX00) can request the generation, retrieval, and administration of
PKIX-compliant X.509 Version 3 certificates and certificate requests. Applications
can request end-user functions or administrative functions related to these requests.
You authorize these applications by administering RACF profiles in the FACILITY
class, based on whether the application requests end-user functions or
administrative functions.
See z/OS Security Server RACF Callable Services for the details of invoking
IRRSPX00.
Authorizing end-user functions

The end-user functions are:
EXPORT
Retrieves (exports) a previously requested certificate.
GENCERT
Generates an auto-approved certificate.
GENRENEW
Generates an auto-approved renewal certificate.

Note: The request submitted is automatically approved.
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Callable services
REQCERT
Requests a certificate that an administrator must approve before it

is created.
REQRENEW
Requests certificate renewal. The administrator needs to approve

the request before the certificate is renewed.
REVOKE
Revokes a certificate that was previously issued.
VERIFY
Confirms that a given user certificate was issued by this CA and, if

so, returns the certificate fields.
For end-user functions, FACILITY class profiles protect this interface. The form of
the FACILITY class profiles is:
IRR.RPKISERV.<function>
<function>
Is one of the following end-user function names in the preceding

list. The user ID for the application (user ID from the ACEE
associated with the address space) is used to determine access
authority:
NONE Access is denied.
READ Access is permitted based on subsequent access checks
against the callers user ID. To determine the caller, the
current TCB is checked for an ACEE. If one is found, the
authority of that user is checked. If there is no ACEE
associated with the current TCB, the ACEE associated with
the address space is used to locate the user ID.
UPDATE
Access is permitted based on subsequent access checks
against the applications user ID.
CONTROL (or user ID is RACF SPECIAL)
Access is permitted, and no subsequent access checks are
made.
For SAF GENCERT and EXPORT requests where the application has READ and
UPDATE access, subsequent access checks are performed against the
IRR.DIGTCERT.<function> FACILITY profiles. These are identical to the checks the
RACDCERT TSO command makes. See z/OS Security Server RACF Command
Language Reference for more information.
For PKI Services EXPORT, GENCERT, GENRENEW, REQCERT, REQRENEW,
REVOKE, and VERIFY requests in which the application has READ and UPDATE
access, subsequent access checks are performed against the
IRR.DIGTCERT.<function> FACILITY profiles. The following table summarizes the
access requirements for the user ID whose access is checked:
Table 42. Summary of accesses required for PKI Services request
Request
Access
EXPORT
v IRR.DIGTCERT.EXPORT
UPDATE access if no passphrase is specified on the call
READ access if a passphrase is specified.
CONTROL access if you want to export a PKS#7 certificate
617
Callable services
Table 42. Summary of accesses required for PKI Services request (continued)
Request
Access
GENCERT
v IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT CONTROL access

v IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD
UPDATE access if any hostIdMappings information is specified in
the certificate request parameter list or the UserId field in the
certificate request parameter list indicates the certificate is being
requested for another user other than the caller
READ access otherwise
GENRENEW
v IRR.DIGTCERT.GENRENEW READ access

v IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT CONTROL access
Note: It is assumed that the calling application has already verified the
input certificate using the VERIFY function.
REQCERT
v IRR.DIGTCERT.REQCERT READ access
REQRENEW
v IRR.DIGTCERT.REQRENEW READ access

input certificate using the VERIFY function.
REVOKE
v IRR.DIGTCERT.REVOKE READ access

target certificate using the VERIFY function.
VERIFY
v IRR.DIGTCERT.VERIFY READ access

Note: It is assumed that the calling application has already verified that
the end user possesses the private key that correlates to the input
certificate.
Authorizing administrative functions

The administrative functions are:
CERTDETAILS
Get detail information about one PKI Services

issued certificate.
MODIFYCERTS
Change PKI Services issued certificates.
MODIFYREQS
Change PKI Services certificate requests.
QUERYCERTS
Query PKI Services issued certificates.
QUERYREQS
Query PKI Services about certificate requests.
REQDETAILS
Get detail information about one PKI Services

certificate request.
For the administrative functions, a single FACILITY class profile

IRR.RPKISERV.PKIADMIN protects this interface:
v If the caller is RACF SPECIAL, no further access is necessary
v Otherwise, the caller needs:
READ access to perform read operations (QUERYREQS, QUERYCERTS,
REQDETAILS, and CERTDETAILS)
UPDATE access for the action operations, (MODIFYREQS and
MODIFYCERTS).
618
Callable services
To determine the appropriate access level of the caller, the current TCB is checked
for an ACEE. If one is found, the authority of that user is checked. If there is no
ACEE associated with the current TCB, the ACEE associated with the address
space is used to locate the user ID.
Attention: UPDATE access to the IRR.RPKISERV.PKIADMIN resource also
controls who can act as PKI Services administrators. PKI Services administrators
play a very powerful role in your organization. The decisions they make when
managing certificates and certificate requests determine who will access your
computer systems and what privileges they will have when doing so.
Recommendation: Give UPDATE authority only to those individuals whom you
would trust with the RACF SPECIAL attribute. If you assign PKI Services
administrators who do not have the RACF SPECIAL attribute, do not also give
these individuals direct access to the end-user functions of the R_PKIServ callable
service as described in the previous section.
Controlling applications that invoke R_proxyserv

Authorized applications, such as servers, can invoke the R_proxyserv callable
service (IRRSPY00) to request the services of the z/OS LDAP Server to retrieve
information from a directory information tree (DIT) on an LDAP directory. (For an
example of an X.500 DIT, see Figure 56 on page 570.) IRRSPY00 can be
successfully invoked by applications that execute in Language Environment (LE)
and by those that do not.
Use of IRRSPY00 requires the installation of z/OS LDAP Server or OS/390 LDAP
Server and it must be configured to support PC call and the extended operations
backend. See z/OS Integrated Security Services LDAP Server Administration and
Use for information about configuring this support.
Authorizing servers
You authorize these servers by administering a FACILITY class resource called
IRR.RPROXYSERV. The server must be associated with a RACF user ID or group
that has at least READ authority to this resource to successfully invoke IRRSPY00.
If the FACILITY class is inactive or the resource is not defined, only servers running
in system key or supervisor state can successfully invoke IRRSPY00.
Controlling applications that invoke R_ticketserv

Authorized applications, such as servers, can invoke the R_ticketserv callable
service (IRRSPK00) to extract principal names from a GSS-API context token. This
enables an application server to determine the client principal who originated an
application-specific request, when the request includes a GSS-API context token
and the intended recipient is the application server. For detailed information about
invoking the R_ticketserv callable service, see z/OS Security Server RACF
Callable Services.
authorization to use the R_ticketserv callable service. Applications that do not run
in system key or in supervisor state require RACF authorization.
619
Callable services
To authorize applications that do not run in system key or supervisor state, you
must define RACF user IDs for them. These RACF user IDs must be given READ
access to a RACF general resource called IRR.RTICKETSERV in the FACILITY
class.
Defining applications as RACF users

Each application server must be defined as a RACF user, if not already defined. It
may run as a job or a started procedure. If the application server executes as a
batch job, the RACF user ID that is added is the user ID associated with the batch
job. If the server executes as a started procedure, you must assign a RACF user ID
using one of the following methods:
preferred method.)
generic entry.
Permitting access to the IRR.RTICKETSERV resource

Authorization to use the R_ticketserv callable service (IRRSPK00) is controlled
through a RACF general resource called IRR.RTICKETSERV in the FACILITY
class. You must define a profile to protect this resource, and then permit application
user IDs to access the resource with READ authority.
Attention
inadvertently grant this authority by default. It is recommended that you create
a profile to protect the IRR.RTICKETSERV resource with UACC(NONE) until
you determine which applications require access.
The following example protects the IRR.RTICKETSERV resource in the FACILITY

class with UACC(NONE) and authorizes an application server called SERVER9 to use
R_ticketserv.
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.RTICKETSERV UACC(NONE)
PERMIT IRR.TICKETSERV CLASS(FACILITY) ID(SERVER9) ACCESS(READ)
The FACILITY class must be active to enable applications to use R_ticketserv. If it

is not already active at your installation, you must activate the FACILITY class using
the SETROPTS command.

FACILITY class after you define or alter any profiles protecting the
IRR.RTICKETSERV resource:
620
Chapter 24. Configuring z/OS to participate in an EIM domain

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Defining RACF as the local EIM registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

Defining Kerberos or X.509 registry names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
This chapter provides information on using RACF commands to configure z/OS to
participate in an enterprise identity mapping (EIM) domain.
Servers that use an EIM domain require the name and location of the EIM domain
and the appropriate credentials to bind to the LDAP directory service containing the
EIM domain. The EIM domain name, its URL, bind distinguished name, and bind
password can be stored in RACF profiles.
You have a couple of options to choose from when setting up the RACF profiles for
EIM. The simplest is to have all servers use the same EIM domain so that you only
have to setup the IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS profile in the FACILITY class. For
example:
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS
PROXY(LDAPHOST(hostname) BINDDN(binddn) BINDPW(bindpw))
EIM(DOMAINDN(domaindn) OPTIONS(ENABLE))
OPTIONS(ENABLE) is the default value.

If a server has to reference an EIM domain other than the system default, then the
user ID associated with the application can be defined with the EIM domain. First,
define the domain in the LDAPBIND class and then update the user profile by
issuing the following commands:
RDEFINE LDAPBIND eim-domain
PROXY(LDAPHOST(hostname) BINDDN(binddn) BINDPW(bindpw))
EIM(DOMAINDN(domaindn) OPTIONS(ENABLE))
ADDUSER ASERVER EIM(LDAPPROF(eim-domain))
When the server establishes a connection with an EIM domain using EIM services,
the EIM services will look for the domain distinguished name, bind distinguished
name, and bind password in the following order:
1. Input parameters to the EIM service.
2. The LDAPBIND profile named in the EIM segment of the callers USER profile.
3. IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS profile in the FACILITY class.
EIM services require a host name, bind distinguished name, bind password, and
domain distinguished name before they can establish a connection with an EIM
domain. The services return a configuration error if some, but not all, of the required
values are provided in the input parameters, the LDAPBIND profile, or the
IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS profile.
You can temporarily disable a server or system from using the configured EIM
domain without deleting the EIM information from the RACF profiles. This option
can be used when you want to stop the system or server from establishing new
connections with the EIM domain. When an EIM domain is disabled, existing
connections to the domain are allowed to complete their work. If an EIM service is
attempting to establish a connection with a domain and the domain is disabled via a
RACF profile, the EIM does not look further for a domain that is enabled.
To disable a server from using the configured EIM domain, issue:
621
EIM
RALTER LDAPBIND eim-domain EIM(OPTIONS(DISABLE))
To disable the use of the system-wide default EIM domain, issue:

RALTER FACILITY IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS EIM(OPTIONS(DISABLE))
Defining RACF as the local EIM registry

You can provide an application or server that uses EIM services with an
installation-specific name for RACF on the local system. This name must
correspond to the name given to that RACF registry in the EIM domain because the
application uses the local RACF registry name when retrieving the mapping of a
user ID. To define the registry name, issue the following commands to bring the
name into storage for use by the application:
RALTER FACILITY IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS EIM(LOCALREG(RACFSYS1))
The EIM administrator can provide you the name given to the local RACF registry in
the EIM domain.
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Defining Kerberos or X.509 registry names
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If your EIM application or server handles Kerberos tickets or digital certificates, you
can issue the following command to define default registry names for the configured
EIM domain.
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The registry names you define must correspond to the names given to the Kerberos
and X.509 registries in the EIM domain because your EIM application uses them
when retrieving the mapping of a user ID. See z/OS Integrated Security Services
EIM Guide and Reference or see your EIM administrator for more information.
RALTER FACILITY IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS

EIM(KERBREGISTRY(kerberos-registry-name)
X509REGISTRY(X.509-registry-name))
622
Chapter 25. RACF and z/OS LDAP Server

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Defining an LDAPBIND class profile . . . . .

Overview of LDAP event notification . . . . .
LDAP notification occurs in real-time only. . .
RRSF considerations for applications exploiting
Activating LDAP change notification . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
password enveloping
. . . . . . . .
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623
624
625
625
626
This chapter provides information on using RACF with z/OS LDAP Server. It covers
two topics:
1. Defining proxy information about z/OS LDAP Server so that other products can
communicate with an LDAP directory. (Using a PROXY segment in the
LDAPBIND profile is required for this communication.)
2. Setting up LDAP event notification for user changes, such as password changes
and other updates. (Using a PROXY segment in the LDAPBIND profile is not
required for LDAP event notification.)
Defining an LDAPBIND class profile

A profile defined to the LDAPBIND class that contains a PROXY segment holds
information needed by products to communicate with an LDAP directory. That
information includes:
v The LDAP server URL and port (LDAPHOST)
v The distinguished name (DN) to use when authenticating to the LDAP server
v The password to use when authenticating to the LDAP server
In the following example:
v The profile name is MY.LDAP.SERVER1
v The LDAP server URL is ldap://some.ldap.host:389
v The bind DN is cn=Joe User, ou=Poughkeepsie,o=IBM,c=US
v The bind password is MYPASS1 (which is case sensitive)
RDEFINE LDAPBIND MY.LDAP.SERVER1
PROXY(LDAPHOST(ldap://some.ldap.host:389)
BINDDN(cn=Joe User,ou=Poughkeepsie,o=IBM,c=US) BINDPW(MYPASS1))
The segment can be listed using the RLIST command. Note that the bind password
is not displayed and only an indication of whether or not it is present is shown (YES
or NO).
RLIST LDAPBIND MY.LDAP.SERVER PROXY NORACF
CLASS
NAME
------------LDAPBIND
MY.LDAP.SERVER1
PROXY INFORMATION
----------------LDAPHOST=LDAP://SOME.LDAP.HOST:389
BINDDN=cn=Joe User,ou=Poughkeepsie,o=IBM,c=US
BINDPW=YES
v To get PKI Services to use the above information, you must update the PKI
Services configuration to specify the LDAPBIND class profile. For example:
[LDAP]
NumServers=1
BindProfile1=MY.LDAP.SERVER1
623
LDAP
Optionally, default LDAP binding information can be defined in the PROXY
segment of the IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS profile in the FACILITY class. For
example:
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.PROXY.DEFAULTS
PROXY(LDAPHOST(ldap://some.ldap.host:389)
BINDDN(cn=Joe User,ou=Poughkeepsie,o=IBM,c=US) BINDPW(MYPASS1))
In this case, no BindProfile statement should appear in the PKI Services

configuration file for that server. For more information, refer to z/OS
Cryptographic Services PKI Services Guide and Reference.
v For information on how EIM uses the above information, see Chapter 24,
Configuring z/OS to participate in an EIM domain, on page 621.
For information about storing keys that encrypt LDAP bind passwords, see Storing
encryption keys using the KEYSMSTR class on page 284.
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Overview of LDAP event notification
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LDAP event notification is used by IBM Directory Integrator, in conjunction with

password envelopes (see Chapter 26, Password enveloping, on page 627), to
enable a heterogeneous password synchronization solution.
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RACF can be configured to create LDAP change log entries in response to changes
to RACF user profiles. This provides an open, remote method of change
notification. An LDAP client can read the LDAP change log, detect updates to RACF
users, and retrieve RACF user entries using only LDAP interfaces. To use this
function, the LDAP server must be configured to enable the SDBM backend. See
z/OS Integrated Security Services LDAP Server Administration and Use for details.
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Event notification, through the creation of an LDAP change log entry, is controlled
by the NOTIFY.LDAP.USER resource in the RACFEVNT class. If RACFEVNT is
active, and the NOTIFY.LDAP.USER resource is protected (by either a discrete or
generic profile), then an LDAP change log entry will be created for the following
types of user updates.
1. Password changes, regardless of the interface used, as long as the new
password is enveloped. (See Chapter 26, Password enveloping, on page 627
for a description of the password enveloping function, including the conditions
under which a password is enveloped.)
2. Updates to a users revoke status (that is, changes to the FLAG4 field in the
USER profile), regardless of the interface used
3. User additions made using the ADDUSER command
4. User modifications made using ALTUSER and PASSWORD commands
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5. User deletions made using the DELUSER command
NOTIFY.LDAP.USER acts on a system-wide basis.
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It is not necessary to define profiles in the LDAPBIND class to enable notification of

user status changes.
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Restrictions:
v Changes to group connection information are not supported. These changes are
normally performed using the CONNECT and REMOVE commands.
v Use of the UACC and AUTHORITY operands of the ALTUSER command also
update group connection information, and are not supported.
624
LDAP
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v Other RACF commands that update user profiles, such as RACDCERT and
RACLINK, are not supported.
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Notes:
1. The RACF panels and the R_admin callable service (IRRSEQ00) issue TSO
commands internally, so these interfaces are included. Note that the RACF
panels may generate multiple commands while processing a user profile, and
this may result in multiple change log entries.
2. An application that updates user profiles through means other than TSO
commands can create its own change log entry using a new function of the
R_Proxyserv callable service (IRRSPY00), documented in z/OS Security Server
RACF Callable Services.
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The LDAP change log entry will contain information such as the change initiator, the
affected user, the type of update (add, modify, or delete), and the time and date of
the change. It will not contain a list of fields which were changed, nor will it contain
the new values for these fields.
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In the case of a password change, a change log entry will only be created if the
users password was enveloped. (See Chapter 26, Password enveloping, on page
627.) This change log entry will contain the changes attribute identifying the
password field as the changed field. The changes attribute will not contain the actual
password value, but will contain a value of *ComeAndGetIt*, denoting that there is
an encrypted password envelope which can be subsequently retrieved.
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If other RACF profile fields are changed in the same request that updates the
password, such as in the case of the ALTUSER userid PASSWORD(newpass)
RESUME) command, then two change log entries are created: one to describe the
password update, and another to describe the non-password update).
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See z/OS Integrated Security Services LDAP Server Administration and Use for
information on the change log.
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LDAP notification occurs in real-time only

If the LDAP server is unavailable at the time the RACF change occurs, then that
change log entry is lost. There is currently no queuing mechanism whereby a
change notification can be retried at a later point in time. This does not affect the
RACF database itself; LDAP notification is attempted only after the RACF database
has been updated.
RRSF considerations for applications exploiting password enveloping

Applications which exploit LDAP change log entries for registry synchronization
must take network topology into account when propagating locally initiated RACF
changes to other z/OS RACF systems in the network. In particular, if RACF is
configured in an RRSF network, and user or password updates are being kept in
sync across RRSF nodes, then application deployment must include consideration
of which propagation mechanism is used for specific types of changes to specific
systems. Neglecting the interaction of the various propagation mechanisms could
result in an unending cascade of updates for the same RACF change. For example,
for an RRSF network which fully mirrors user profile and password updates, an
LDAP based propagation mechanism should only communicate with a single RRSF
node, and let that node propagate the change to other RACF nodes. Further, this
RACF node should be the only node configured to perform LDAP event notification
for user updates.
Chapter 25. RACF and z/OS LDAP Server
625
LDAP
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Activating LDAP change notification

v Define the RACFEVNT class profile named NOTIFY.LDAP.USER.
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RDEFINE RACFEVNT NOTIFY.LDAP.USER
A generic profile could also be used.

v Activate the RACFEVNT class.
SETROPTS CLASSACT(RACFEVNT)
626
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Chapter 26. Password enveloping
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Overview of password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signing hash algorithm and encryption strength used to create the password
envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The IRR.PWENV.KEYRING key ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The IRR.RADMIN.EXTRACT.PWENV profile . . . . . . . . . . . .
The NOTIFY.LDAP.USER profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting up password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preparing RACF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining a local certificate authority certificate using RACF as the certificate
authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Generating a X.509 V3 certificate for user password enveloping . . . . .
Activating password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Planning considerations for heterogeneous password synchronization . . .
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This chapter provides information about creating password envelopes that enable
authorized applications to recover user passwords. Password envelopes are used
by IBM Directory Integrator, in conjunction with LDAP notification (see Overview of
LDAP event notification on page 624), to enable a heterogeneous password
synchronization solution.
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627
628
628
629
629
629
629
630
630
631
634
636
Overview of password enveloping
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RACF can be configured to save user passwords such that the clear text can be
recovered by an authorized application. This ability can be restricted to a subset of
your users. When an eligible users password is changed, the new password is
encrypted under a public key which is contained within a key ring associated with
the RACF subsystem address space identity. The encrypted password is then
stored in the users profile. When an application requests the password, RACF
decrypts the password, and then encrypts it in PKCS#7 format for recipients whose
digital certificates have been placed on the same RACF key ring. The application
can then decrypt the password envelope using their private key.
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The R_Admin callable service (IRRSEQ00) provides the interface by which an

application can retrieve the password envelope. See z/OS Security Server RACF
Callable Services for interface documentation, including a description of the
envelope structure.
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For the most part, any new password will be enveloped for an eligible user, with the
following exceptions:
v Initial ADDUSER passwords.
v When the new password is the same as the current password.
v When the ALTUSER or PASSWORD command is used to change the password,
and the new password is equal the users default group name
v When an application uses RACROUTE or ICHEINTY, rather than a RACF
command, to set the password, and the password contains characters that are
not accepted by the RACF commands. RACF commands only accept the
characters AZ, 09, X'5B' ($), X'7B' (#), and X'7C' (@).
v When an application uses RACROUTE or ICHEINTY to set the password and
specifies ENCRYPT=NO.
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627
Password enveloping
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The PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile
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The PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile in the RACFEVNT class controls whether new

passwords are enveloped for a given user. If the user whose password is being
changed has at least READ access to this resource, then the new password is
enveloped. Thus, you can use this profile to subset the users whose passwords will
be enveloped. For example, you can exclude sensitive user IDs from password
enveloping, if necessary.
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Notes:
1. Generic characters may not be used in this profile name.
2. The enveloped password will neither be displayed by LISTUSER nor unloaded
by IRRDBU00, although IRRDBU00 will indicate the presence of a password
envelope for a given user with a YES/NO field. See z/OS Security Server RACF
Macros and Interfaces for more information.
3. There will be no SMF records created as a result of failed access checks to this
resource. Audit options in the profile can be used to log successes, and thus
maintain a history of whose passwords have been enveloped.
4. If the user cannot be verified (RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY), then a new
password will not be enveloped. For example, if a revoked users password is
changed by an administrator, the new password will not be enveloped. If you
want the new password to be enveloped in this scenario, specify the RESUME
operand when you use the ALTUSER command to specify the new password.
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ALTUSER userid PASSWORD(new-password) RESUME
Signing hash algorithm and encryption strength used to create the

password envelope
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Both the signing hash algorithm and encryption strength are configurable attributes.
The APPLDATA of the PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile is used to specify the
signing hash algorithm used to sign the PKCS#7 password envelope, and the
encryption strength used when encrypting the password envelope. The syntax of
the APPLDATA string consists of a character string indicating the signing hash
algorithm, followed by a forward slash (/), followed by a string indicating the
encryption strength.
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Allowable values for the signing hash algorithm:

v MD5 (default)
v SHA1
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Allowable values for the encryption strength:

v STRONG (default)
v MEDIUM
v WEAK
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Recommendation: Use the strongest encryption possible. If you must use weaker
encryption, for example, due to export regulations, then protect yourself against
offline attacks by carefully controlling access to the RACF database, and any other
repository in which password envelopes may be stored after being retrieved from
RACF.
Table 43. Encryption strength values
Value
Data encryption method
STRONG
Triple DES. A 168-bit encryption key
MEDIUM
DES. A 56-bit encryption key
628
Password enveloping
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Table 43. Encryption strength values (continued)
Value
Data encryption method
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WEAK
RC2. A 40-bit encryption key
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Note: Strong encryption may not be available on all customer systems depending
on government export regulations. See z/OS Crytographic Services System
Secure Sockets Layer Programming for more information.
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If the APPLDATA is not specified in the profile, the defaults are taken as noted
above. If an empty qualifier exists in the APPLDATA, then the default value will be
taken for that qualifier. For example, if the APPLDATA is specified as SHA1, then
SHA1 will be used as the signing hash algorithm, and triple DES will be used as the
encryption algorithm. If the APPLDATA is specified as /MEDIUM, then MD5 will be
used as the signing hash algorithm, and DES will be used as the encryption
algorithm.
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If the APPLDATA is specified incorrectly, an error message will be issued to the

console the next time a user who is eligible for password enveloping changes his
password, or the next time an application requests the retrieval of a password
envelope, and the defaults will be used.
The APPLDATA can be changed at any time.
The IRR.PWENV.KEYRING key ring
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IRR.PWENV.KEYRING is the name of a key ring associated with the identity of the
RACF subsystem address space (RASP). It contains a certificate with private key
for the RASP itself. This certificate is used to encrypt a users new password. It is
also used to decrypt the stored password when a PKCS#7 envelope is retrieved by
an authorized application. The contents of the returned envelope are signed using
this certificate.
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IRR.PWENV.KEYRING also contains certificates of all the principals who are

intended to retrieve a users changed password from RACF. A changed password is
encrypted using the public keys contained within these certificates. RACF will
encrypt passwords for up to 20 certificates on this key ring.
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The IRR.RADMIN.EXTRACT.PWENV profile

IRR.RADMIN.EXTRACT.PWENV is a FACILITY class resource that authorizes the
retrieval of the enveloped password from RACF using the R_admin callable service
(IRRSEQ00). Audit options in the profile can be used to log successes, and thus
maintain a history of whose passwords have been retrieved, and by whom. Failures
may also be logged. The logstring identifies the user whose password has been
retrieved.
The NOTIFY.LDAP.USER profile

If the NOTIFY.LDAP.USER profile is defined, then an LDAP change log entry will be
created when a users password is enveloped. See Overview of LDAP event
notification on page 624 for details.
Setting up password enveloping

There are several RACF setup steps to perform in order for recipients to be able to
retrieve users password changes.
629
Password enveloping
Tip: While you are initially configuring and testing this function, check the console
for error messages. As RACF detects errors during the password enveloping
process, they will be reported to the console, not to the end user who initiates a
password change.
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Preparing RACF
v Add an OMVS segment to the RACF address space user ID, and to its default
group. The output of the SET LIST command will identify the subsystem user ID.
Adding an OMVS segment may not be necessary if you have set up a default
UNIX identity (by implementing the BPX.DEFAULT.USER profile in the FACILITY
class), but you should not set up the default UNIX identity just for the password
enveloping function.
Recommendation: You can specify any UID value you choose. For example, if
the RACF subsystem is running under a user ID of RACFSUB, whose default
group is STCGRP:
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ALTUSER RACFSUB OMVS(AUTOUID HOME(/) PROGRAM(/bin/sh))

ALTGROUP STCGRP OMVS(AUTOGID)
Note: This example takes advantage of the AUTOUID and AUTOGID keywords
to automatically assign a unique UID and GID. See Enabling automatic
assignment of UNIX identities on page 538 for instructions on how to
enable automatic UID/GID assignment. Alternatively, a unique UID can be
explicitly assigned using the UID operand, and a GID can be explicitly
assigned using the GID operand.
v If the RACF subsystem identity does not have the TRUSTED or PRIVILEGED
attribute, it will require the necessary FACILITY class authorization in order to
extract certificates from a key ring. (The certificate setup is described in
Generating a X.509 V3 certificate for user password enveloping on page 631.)
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PERMIT IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING CLASS(FACILITY) ID(RACFSUB) ACCESS(READ)
You may already be protecting this resource, perhaps with a generic profile.
Modify this step as needed for your environment.
Recommendation: Assign the TRUSTED attribute to the RACF address space
user ID.
Defining a local certificate authority certificate using RACF as the

certificate authority
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If you want to use RACF as your certificate authority (CA), create a CA certificate, if
you have not already done so. The following command creates a certificate
authority (or signer) certificate identified by the label RACFCA that will be used to
create subsequent certificates, such as the certificate that RACF will use during the
password enveloping process. Command values, such as subjectsdn,
organization, and country, can be modified to reflect the naming structure and
conventions used at your installation.
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Recommendation: Use ICSF to store private keys, as shown in the RACDCERT

command example. If you do not use ICSF, then omit this operand from the
command.
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Note: Certificates signed with this local CA certificate show an issuer of

cn=RACFCA,o=ibm,c=us when listed with the RACDCERT LIST command.
RACDCERT CERTAUTH GENCERT SUBJECTSDN(CN(RACFCA) O(ibm) C(us))

WITHLABEL(RACFCA) NOTAFTER(DATE(2020-12-31)) ICSF
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Password enveloping
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RACF signs the password envelope so that a recipient can verify that the envelope
signature was created using RACFs certificate (created in Generating a X.509 V3
certificate for user password enveloping). If the recipient also wants to check the
veracity of RACFs certificate, this CA certificate is needed. In this case, the CA
certificate must be exported to a key ring known to the recipient application and
marked as trusted.
Generating a X.509 V3 certificate for user password enveloping
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v A digital certificate containing a private key must be generated for RACF use.
This certificate and its associated private key will be used in the RACF password
enveloping process. In the following example, RACDCERT commands are used
to generate a certificate for the RACF address space, whose RACF user ID is
RACFSUB. This certificate is signed by RACF, which is the certificate authority in
the context of this example. The local CA certificate is identified by the label
RACFCA.
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The actual user ID for your subsystem is defined by setting up a started task
identity using either the started procedures table (ICHRIN03), or by defining a
profile in the STARTED class. See z/OS Security Server RACF System
Programmers Guide for information about setting up the RACF subsystem. If you
change the user ID under which the RACF subsystem runs, then you will need to
create and populate the key ring for this new identity as described below.
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RACDCERT ID(RACFSUB) GENCERT

SUBJECTSDN(CN(RACF AddrsSpace System 1)O(ibm)C(us))
WITHLABEL(RASP1)SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(RACFCA))
KEYUSAGE(HANDSHAKE DATAENCRYPT DOCSIGN)
NOTAFTER(DATE(2020-12-31)) ICSF
Recommendations:
Use ICSF to store private keys, as shown. If you do not use ICSF, then omit
this operand from the command.
After performing the setup, avoid changing RACFs private key. If you change
it, RACF will not be able to build PKCS#7 envelopes for existing passwords.
(Because the passwords were encrypted under the old public key, they cannot
be decrypted under the new private key.) Normal operation will resume as
users subsequently change their passwords.
Note: The label RASP1 is shown as an example only. You can specify a value of
your choice.
v Create a RACF key ring named IRR.PWENV.KEYRING. Note that the name of the
key ring is case-sensitive.
RACDCERT ID(RACFSUB) ADDRING(IRR.PWENV.KEYRING)
v Connect RACFs certificate to the key ring as the default certificate.

RACDCERT ID(RACFSUB) CONNECT(LABEL(RASP1) RING(IRR.PWENV.KEYRING)
DEFAULT USAGE(PERSONAL))
RACFs certificate must be defined as the default certificate.

Using these examples will create a certificate that is trusted. However, it is
always a good idea to verify this by listing the certificate using the RACDCERT
LIST command. This also applies to the certificates created in the following
steps. If the certificate is not trusted, use the following command to mark it
trusted.
RACDCERT ID(RACFSUB) ALTER (LABEL(RASP1)) TRUST
At the time a users password is changed, if the user is eligible for enveloping
(see below) then the users new password is encrypted under the public key of
631
Password enveloping
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the default certificate only, and stored back in the users USER profile. When an
application requests the envelope, the password is decrypted using the private
key of the default certificate, and a PKCS#7 password envelope is created for all
of the recipients on the key ring.
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Note: Note that any user with READ access to the RACF database, or who is
authorized to invoke the RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT macro, can
obtain the default certificates private key and any users encrypted
password. As always, you should protect the RACF database and its
copies against inappropriate access. Further, you should verify that
applications retrieving passwords do so using only the R_admin interface.
v During the RACF password enveloping process, RACF encrypts data that can
only be recovered by the intended recipient of that data. An intended recipient,
such as the identity of the IBM Directory Integrator process running on a
non-z/OS platform, is identified by an X.509 V3 certificate. Certificates that
identify intended recipients of RACF password envelopes must be connected to
the key ring IRR.PWENV.KEYRING associated with the user ID of the RACF
subsystem address space. Note that these certificates are only used to encrypt
password information; they are not used to bind to LDAP or to authenticate to
RACF.
Recommendation: Generally speaking, permit only trusted applications, not
users, to recover user passwords.
Certificates for intended recipients may be created by RACF, and exported to
non-z/OS processes, for instance. The creation of the certificates may be
accomplished using the following sample RACDCERT commands that generate
certificates for IDI1 and APP2 (the identities of processes that are authorized to
retrieve RACF password envelopes). These certificates are signed with the local
CA (RACF) certificate that is identified by the label RACFCA.
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RACDCERT ID(IDI1) GENCERT

SUBJECTSDN(CN(IBM Directory Integrator Server 1) O(ibm) C(us))
WITHLABEL(IDI1) SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(RACFCA))
RACDCERT ID(APP2) GENCERT
SUBJECTSDN(CN(Application Server 2) O(ibm) C(us))
WITHLABEL(APP2) SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(RACFCA))
Rule: The KEYUSAGE attributes HANDSHAKE, DATAENCRYPT and DOCSIGN

must be specified for the certificates.
You may also create certificates directly on the recipient platform and import
them into RACF. Any key management system can be used to create the
recipient key pair and certificate, as long as it can export certificates in an
industry standard format understood by RACFs RACDCERT command.
The following example uses keytool, the key management tool available with
many Java virtual machines (JVMs), including the JVM shipped with IBM
Directory Integrator.
You may not need to perform all of the steps below if you already have a key
management infrastructure. The examples below assume you are starting new.
Create certificates:
Use of RSA as a key algorithm is required. (If keytool uses the default value
DSA, you must change it to RSA.
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keytool -genkey -alias IDI1 -keypass xxxxxx

-storepass xxxxxx -keystore recipient.jks
-dname "CN=(IBM Directory Integrator Server 1),O=(ibm),C=(us)"
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Password enveloping
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-keyalg RSA
keytool -genkey -alias APP2 -keypass xxxxxx
-storepass xxxxxx -keystore recipient.jks
-dname "CN=(Application Server 2),O=(ibm),C=(us)" -keyalg RSA
The keytool commands above create two self-signed certificates. For example
purposes, this is sufficient. In a production environment, you may wish to use
something other than a self-signed certificate.
Export certificates:
The rfc keyword specifies base64-encoded output.
keytool -export -alias IDI1 -file IDI1.b64 -keystore recipient.jks -storepass
xxxxxx -rfc
keytool -export -alias APP2 -file APP2.b64 -keystore recipient.jks -storepass
xxxxxx -rfc
The following example uses IBM Key Management, running on Windows 2000.
The commands are slightly different from those in the previous example, but the
procedure is the same.
Create key database:
gsk5cmd.exe -keydb -create -db recipient.kdb -pw xxxx
Create certificates:
gsk5cmd.exe -cert -create -db recipient.kdb -pw xxxx -label IDI1 -dn
"CN=(IBM Directory Integrator Server 1),O=(ibm),C=(us)"
gsk5cmd.exe -cert -create -db recipient.kdb -pw xxxx -label APP2 -dn
"CN=(Application Server 2),O=(ibm),C=(us)"
The gsk5cmd commands above create two self-signed certificates. For example
purposes, this is sufficient. In a production environment, you may wish to use
something other than a self-signed certificate.
Export certificates:
gsk5cmd.exe -cert -extract -db recipient.kdb -pw xxxx -label
"IDI1" -target IDI1.b64 -format ascii
gsk5cmd.exe -cert -extract -db recipient.kdb -pw xxxx -label
"APP2" -target APP2.b64 -format ascii
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At this point, using either example above, the contents of the certificates are
contained in the files IDI1.b64 and APP2.b64.
Copy the certificates to the host system. Because the certificates were exported
in base64, they can be cut and pasted into a host file, using a text editor. If you
use FTP, transfer them using in ASCII (not binary) mode. The files should start
with -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- and end with -----END CERTIFICATE----when viewed on the host. For this example, the files are copied to
CERT.IDI1.TEXT and CERT.APP2.TEXT.
Import the certificates in RACF using the RACDCERT command:
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If you created self-signed certificates, RACF will warn that the certificate authority
is not defined to RACF, but will properly import the certificates.
v Connect the recipient certificates to the key ring. RACF will encrypt the password
for up to 20 recipient certificates:
RACDCERT ID(IDI1) ADD(CERT.IDI1.TEXT) TRUST WITHLABEL(IDI1)

RACDCERT ID(APP2) ADD(CERT.APP2.TEXT) TRUST WITHLABEL(APP2)
633
Password enveloping
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RACDCERT ID(RACFSUB) CONNECT(ID(IDI1) LABEL(IDI1)

RING(IRR.PWENV.KEYRING) USAGE(PERSONAL))
RACDCERT ID(RACFSUB) CONNECT(ID(APP2) LABEL(APP2)
RING(IRR.PWENV.KEYRING) USAGE(PERSONAL))
RACF constructs the PKCS#7 password envelope at the time the envelope is
requested. So, if you add a certificate for a principal, that principal will be able to
decrypt the password for any eligible user whose current password has already
been changed (assuming the principal has the authorization which is described in
the next step). Likewise, if a certificate is removed from the key ring, the principal
will not be able to decrypt any password envelopes, even if the password was
changed when the certificate was on the ring, and even if the authorization
described in the next step has not been removed for the principal.
You should export RACFs certificate to the recipient key database. This is used
to verify the signature of password envelopes as they are decrypted to ensure
they came from RACF. You need to export both the RACF CA certificate and the
RACF address space certificate. These were created above.
Start with the CA certificate:
RACDCERT CERTAUTH EXPORT(LABEL(RACFCA)) DSN(CERT.RACFCA.TEXT) FORMAT(CERTB64)
RACDCERT ID(RACFSUB) EXPORT(LABEL(RASP1)) DSN(CERT.RASP.TEXT) FORMAT(CERTB64)
These files must be transferred to the recipient system. Use FTP (ASCII mode)
or simply cut and paste them to create the racfca.cert and rasp.cert files.
Then, import the files:
Using the keytool command:
keytool -import -alias RACFCA -file racfca.cert -keystore recipient.jks -storepass xxxxxx
keytool -import -alias RASP1 -file rasp.cert -keystore recipient.jks -storepass xxxxxx
Using the gsk5cmd command:

gsk5cmd.exe -cert -add -db recipient.kdb -pw xxxx -label
"RACFCA" -file racfca.cert -format ascii
gsk5cmd.exe -cert -add -db recipient.kdb -pw xxxx -label
"RASP1" -file rasp.cert -format ascii
v Authorize these same principals to the R_admin function that retrieves the
password envelope from RACF:
RDEFINE FACILITY IRR.RADMIN.EXTRACT.PWENV UACC(NONE)
PERMIT IRR.RADMIN.EXTRACT.PWENV CLASS(FACILITY) ID(IDI1 APP2) ACCESS(READ)
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Failed access attempts to this resource are logged by default. The log string of
the audit record contains the user ID whose password envelope being retrieved.
Recommendation: Given the sensitive nature of this function, log successful
accesses as well. For example, a user with the RACF AUDITOR attribute would
execute the following command:
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Assuming the FACILITY class is already ACTIVE and RACLISTed, refresh the
class.
RALTER FACILITY IRR.RADMIN.EXTRACT.PWENV AUDIT(ALL(READ))
Activating password enveloping

This procedure involves defining resources in the RACFEVNT class, and activating
this class.
v Define the profile called PASSWORD.ENVELOPE that controls password enveloping.
The APPLDATA field of this profile is used to specify the signing hash algorithm
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634
Password enveloping
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used to sign the PKCS#7 password envelope, and the encryption strength used
when encrypting the password envelope. For example, to specify the strongest
signing and encryption:
RDEFINE RACFEVNT PASSWORD.ENVELOPE UACC(NONE) APPLDATA(MD5/STRONG)
v Enable password enveloping for users whose passwords are to be encrypted for
the intended recipients whose digital certificates were set up above. This is done
by permitting a given user or group to the PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile.
PERMIT PASSWORD.ENVELOPE CLASS(RACFEVNT) ID(USER1 USER2 GROUPA GROUPB) ACCESS(READ)
The profile is shown giving UACC(READ) to activate system-wide password

propagation, although you can define UACC(NONE) and permit specific users
and groups.
Recommendation: In general, avoid assigning UACC(READ) to the
PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile because this enables password enveloping for highly
privileged users, such as system-SPECIAL users, and users that are defined for
emergency recovery purposes. You might consider using UACC(READ) only if
sensitive user IDs are specifically permitted to this resource with
ACCESS(NONE).
Notes:
1. Protected user IDs do not require specific permission with UACC(NONE)
because protected user IDs do not have passwords and, therefore, are not
eligible for password enveloping.
2. Restricted user IDs are not authorized by UACC(READ) so you must
specifically authorize them, by user ID or group, to the PASSWORD.ENVELOPE
profile if you want their passwords to be enveloped.
If you take a non-global approach, you must include newly added users and
groups into the access scheme so that users passwords are properly enveloped
or not, over time. In particular, you may want to have intended group connections
in place for all new users before their initial logons when they must change their
passwords. Also, keep in mind that if a user is connected to several groups, his
effective authority is the highest allowed by any of his groups (assuming he isnt
specifically permitted by user ID, in which case this authority overrides that
granted by any of his groups). For example, if list-of-groups processing
(SETROPTS GRPLIST option) is active, and user BOB is connected to groups
GROUP1 and GROUP2, and GROUP1 is permitted with ACCESS(NONE),
GROUP2 is permitted with ACCESS(READ), and BOB is not explicitly permitted,
then BOBs effective access to PASSWORD.ENVELOPE is READ, and BOBs
password will be enveloped.
v Optionally, an LDAP change log entry can be created whenever a users new
password is enveloped. This step is required if you use an application like IBM
Directory Integrator to implement a heterogeneous password synchronization
solution. See Overview of LDAP event notification on page 624 for details on
LDAP event notification.
v Enable password enveloping by activating the RACFEVNT class. It can be
RACLISTed to improve performance but this is not required.
SETROPTS CLASSACT(RACFEVNT) RACLIST(RACFEVNT)
v Stop and restart the RACF subsystem address space after defining the
PASSWORD.ENVELOPE profile and activating the RACFEVNT class. If the RACF
subsystem address space is already up and running when you configure
password enveloping and you do not stop and restart the address space, it will
not have the proper environment set up to perform the function and will fail any
request to envelope passwords.
635
Password enveloping
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Planning considerations for heterogeneous password synchronization
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Before implementing password enveloping, carefully weigh the risks against the
benefits. RACF has always implemented one-way encryption when storing a users
new password. This implementation makes it impossible for even a system
administrator to obtain a users password once that user has changed his initial
logon password. This implementation protects users against unauthorized use of
their passwords, and increases system accountability. Implementing this function
will make it possible for an authorized user or application to retrieve a users current
password. Subsequent use of this password will result in a loss of accountability,
resulting in the question: Who actually entered the user ID and password and is
now working under the users identity? A RACF administrator currently has the
capability of simply changing the users password, and then logging on as that user.
However, in this case, the user will become aware at next logon time that his
password has changed.
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Looking at a wider view, IBM Directory Integrator uses password enveloping to

implement a heterogeneous password synchronization solution. While password
synchronization is a topic somewhat outside the scope of RACF, it can be
considered a security exposure in that it reduces the security of your enterprise.
z/OS has traditionally been viewed as a highly secure platform, in much part due to
the security of user passwords. In an heterogeneous environment, a password
synchronization application can open up a z/OS system to a successful hack from
any other platform, such as Windows or UNIX.
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On the other hand, password synchronization can be viewed as a usability

enhancement. These days, a given user may have many accounts on many
different systems. Therefore, managing the different passwords that have different
syntax requirements, as well as different expiration dates, can have a significant
impact to user productivity. This complexity can itself lead to a loss of overall
security because users may be tempted to write down their passwords, or select
easy-to-guess passwords, in an attempt to manage the complexity.
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There are other solutions that perform password synchronization in which z/OS is a
participating platform. Such applications hook into RACF exits to intercept password
changes. The PKCS#7 password enveloping function, in conjunction with LDAP
event notification, provides a simpler way for such applications to subscribe to
password changes, but does not by itself provide a higher or lower degree of
security than is already put in place by such applications. Ultimately, it is the
application that you must rely on to maintain the security of RACF passwords from
the point the passwords are intercepted. For example, the application should not
send a clear text password across a network and should protect any repository that
might contain clear text passwords.
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It is the installations choice to evaluate password synchronization software, and

enable PKCS#7 password enveloping in support of such software. Part of deploying
such software is ensuring proper user education and network security. Several
RACF implementation features help to minimize the risks:
v As with all new RACF enhancements, password enveloping is not enabled by
default. You must enable it before any passwords are enveloped and retrievable.
v Public key cryptography protects passwords as they are sent across the network,
and makes them available only to authorized principals whose certificates you
connect to a RACF key ring. Using RACF key rings to authorize principals keeps
the trust policy within your scope, as the RACF security administrator.
v The encryption and retrieval of password envelopes is fully dynamic with respect
to key ring changes. (The password envelope is created on demand when it is
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636
Password enveloping
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requested, using the current contents of the key ring.) Therefore, if the private
key of a recipient is compromised, you can remove the recipients certificate from
the RACF key ring to dynamically render password envelopes indecipherable to
the thief of the recipients private key. Even if the thief is able to masquerade as
the intended recipient, bind to LDAP, and retrieve the password envelope under
the recipients identity, he will not be able to decipher it using the stolen private
key.
v Profiles in the RACFEVNT class establish password enveloping policy. This
policy allows you to scope password enveloping to a subset of RACF users,
allowing you to exclude sensitive user IDs at your discretion.
v Policy changes are logged to SMF for each privileged operation associated with
password enveloping, such as changes to the key ring, changes to the
enveloping policy, and actual retrievals of password envelopes from RACF.
637
638
Appendix A. Supplied class descriptor table entries

This appendix describes the general resource classes you can find in the supplied
class descriptor table (CDT) and contains the following sections:
v Supplied resource classes for z/OS and OS/390 systems
v Supplied resource classes for z/VM and VM systems on page 646
See z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces to find details (such as
POSIT values) for each class.
Supplied resource classes for z/OS and OS/390 systems

Table 44 lists the supplied CDT classes that can be used on z/OS and OS/390
systems.
Table 44. Resource Classes for z/OS and OS/390 Systems
Class Name
Description
ALCSAUTH
Supports the Airline Control System/MVS (ALCS/MVS) product.
APPCLU
Verifying the identity of partner logical units during VTAM session

establishment.
APPCPORT
Controlling which user IDs can access the system from a given LU
(APPC port of entry). Also, conditional access to resources for users
entering the system from a given LU.
APPCSERV
Controlling whether a program being run by a user can act as a server

for a specific APPC transaction program (TP).
APPCSI
Controlling access to APPC side information files.
APPCTP
Controlling the use of APPC transaction programs.
APPL
Controlling access to applications.
CACHECLS
Contains profiles used for saving and restoring cache contents from the
RACF database.
CBIND
Controlling the clients ability to bind to the server.
CDT
Contains profiles for installation-defined classes for the dynamic CDT.
CONSOLE
Controlling access to MCS consoles. Also, conditional access to other

resources for commands originating from an MCS console.
CSFKEYS
Controlling use of Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF)

cryptographic keys. See also the GCSFKEYS class.
CSFSERV
Controlling use of Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF)

cryptographic services.
DASDVOL
DASD volumes. See also the GDASDVOL class.
DBNFORM
Reserved for future IBM use.
DEVICES
Used by MVS allocation to control who can allocate devices such as:
v Unit record devices (printers and punches) (allocated only by PSF,

JES2, or JES3)
v Graphics devices (allocated only by VTAM)
v Teleprocessing (TP) or communications devices (allocated only by
VTAM)
DIGTCERT
Contains digital certificates and information related to them.
DIGTCRIT
Specifies additional criteria for certificate name filters.
639
CDT classes
Table 44. Resource Classes for z/OS and OS/390 Systems (continued)
Class Name
Description
DIGTNMAP
Mapping class for certificate name filters.
DIGTRING
Contains a profile for each key ring and provides information about the
digital certificates that are part of each key ring.
DIRAUTH
Setting logging options for RACROUTE REQUEST=DIRAUTH requests.

Also, if the DIRAUTH class is active, security label authorization checking
is done when a user receives a message sent through the TPUT macro
or the TSO SEND, or LISTBC commands. Profiles are not allowed in this
class.
DLFCLASS
The data lookaside facility.
FACILITY
Miscellaneous uses. Profiles are defined in this class so that resource

managers (typically program products or components of MVS or VM) can
check a users access to the profiles when the users take some action.
Examples are catalog operations (DFP) and use of the vector facility (an
MVS component).
RACF does not document all of the resources used in the FACILITY
class by other products. For information on the FACILITY class resources
used by a specific product (other than RACF itself), see the products
documentation.
FIELD
Fields in RACF profiles (field-level access checking).
GCSFKEYS
Resource group class for CSFKEYS class.
GDASDVOL
Resource group class for DASDVOL class.
GLOBAL
Global access checking table entry.
GMBR
Member class for GLOBAL class (not for use on RACF commands).
GSDSF
Resource group class for SDSF class.
GTERMINL
Resource group class for TERMINAL class.
IBMOPC
Controlling access to OPC/ESA subsystems.
JESINPUT
Conditional access support for commands or jobs entered into the

system through a JES input device.
JESJOBS
Controlling the submission and cancellation of jobs by job name.
JESSPOOL
Controlling access to job data sets on the JES spool (that is, SYSIN and
SYSOUT data sets).
KEYSMSTR
Contains profiles that hold keys to encrypt data stored in the RACF
database, such as LDAP BIND passwords and DCE passwords.
LDAPBIND
Contains the LDAP server URL, bind distinguished name, and bind
password.
LOGSTRM
Reserved for MVS/ESA.
NODES
Controlling the following on MVS systems:
1
1
v Whether jobs are allowed to enter the system from other nodes
v Whether jobs that enter the system from other nodes have to pass
user identification and password verification checks
640
NODMBR
Member class for NODES class (not for use on RACF commands).
OPERCMDS
Controlling who can issue operator commands (for example, JES and
MVS, and operator commands). 2
PMBR
Member class for PROGRAM class (not for use on RACF commands).
PROGRAM
Controlled programs (load modules).
CDT classes
|
|
|
Class Name
Description
PROPCNTL
Controlling if user ID propagation can occur, and if so, for which user IDs
(such as the CICS or IMS main task user ID), user ID propagation is not
to occur.
PSFMPL
Used by PSF to perform security functions for printing, such as separator

page labeling, data page labeling, and enforcement of the user printable
area.
PTKTDATA
PassTicket key class enables the security administrator to associate a

RACF secured signon secret key with a particular mainframe application
that uses RACF for user authentication. Examples of such applications
are IMS, CICS, TSO, VM, APPC, and MVS batch.
RACGLIST
Class of profiles that hold the results of RACROUTE

REQUEST=LIST,GLOBAL=YES or a SETROPTS RACLIST operation.
RACGLIST

RACGLIST

RACGLIST

RACGLIST

RACFEVNT
Class of profiles that control one or both of the following events:

v LDAP change log notification for changes to user profiles
v New password enveloping for a given user.
RRSFDATA
Used to control RACF remote sharing facility functions.
RVARSMBR
Member class for RACFVARS (not for use on RACF commands).
SCDMBR
Member class for SECDATA class (not for use on RACF commands).
SDSF
Controls the use of authorized commands in the System Display and

Search Facility (SDSF). See also GSDSF class.
SECDATA
Security classification of users and data (security levels and security

categories). 1
SECLABEL
If security labels are used, and, if so, their definitions.
SECLMBR
Member class for the SECLABEL class (not for use on RACF
commands).
SERVAUTH
Contains profiles used by servers to check a clients authorization to use

the server or to use resources managed by the server. Also, can be used
to provide conditional access to resources for users entering the system
from a given server.
SERVER
Controlling the servers ability to register with the daemon.
SMESSAGE
Controlling to which users a user can send messages (TSO only).
SOMDOBJS
Controlling the clients ability to invoke the method in the class.
STARTED
Used in preference to the started procedures table to assign an identity

during the processing of an MVS START command.
SURROGAT
If surrogate submission is allowed, and if allowed, which user IDs can act
as surrogates.
SYSMVIEW
Controlling access by the SystemView for MVS Launch Window to

SystemView for MVS applications.
TAPEVOL
Tape volumes.
641
CDT classes
Class Name
Description
TEMPDSN
Controlling who can access residual temporary data sets. You cannot
create profiles in this resource class.
TERMINAL
Terminals (TSO or VM). See also GTERMINL class.
VTAMAPPL
Controlling who can open ACBs from non-APF authorized programs.
WRITER
Controlling the use of JES writers.

CICS classes
2
ACICSPCT
CICS program control table.
BCICSPCT
Resource group class for ACICSPCT class.
CCICSCMD
Used by CICS/ESA 3.1, or later, to verify that a user is permitted to use

CICS system programmer commands such as INQUIRE, SET,
PERFORM, and COLLECT. 1
CPSMOBJ
Used by CICSPlex System Manager, which provides a central point of

control when running multiple CICS systems, to determine operational
controls within a CICS complex.
CPSMXMP
Used by CICSPlex System Manager to identify exemptions from security

controls within a CICS complex.
DCICSDCT
CICS destination control table.
ECICSDCT
Resource group class for DCICSDCT class.
FCICSFCT
CICS file control table.
GCICSTRN
Resource group class for TCICSTRN class.
GCPSMOBJ
Resource grouping class for CPSMOBJ.
HCICSFCT
Resource group class for FCICSFCT class.
JCICSJCT
CICS journal control table.
KCICSJCT
Resource group class for JCICSJCT class.
MCICSPPT
CICS processing program table.
NCICSPPT
Resource group class for MCICSPPT class.
PCICSPSB
CICS program specification blocks (PSBs).
QCICSPSB
Resource group class for PCICSPSB class.
SCICSTST
CICS temporary storage table.
TCICSTRN
CICS transactions.
UCICSTST
Resource group class for SCICSTST class.
VCICSCMD
Resource group class for the CCICSCMD class.
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
DB2 classes
642
DSNADM
DB2 administrative authority class.
DSNR
Controls access to DB2 subsystems.
GDSNBP
Grouping class for DB2 buffer pool privileges.
GDSNCL
Grouping class for DB2 collection privileges.
GDSNDB
Grouping class for DB2 database privileges.
GDSNJR
Grouping class for Java archive files (JARs).
GDSNPK
Grouping class for DB2 package privileges.
GDSNPN
Grouping class for DB2 plan privileges.
GDSNSC
Grouping class for DB2 schemas privileges.
CDT classes
Class Name
Description
GDSNSG
Grouping class for DB2 storage group privileges.
GDSNSM
Grouping class for DB2 system privileges.
GDSNSP
Grouping class for DB2 stored procedure privileges.
GDSNSQ
Grouping class for DB2 sequences.
GDSNTB
Grouping class for DB2 table, index, or view privileges.
GDSNTS
Grouping class for DB2 tablespace privileges.
GDSNUF
Grouping class for DB2 user-defined function privileges.
GDSNUT
Grouping class for DB2 user-defined distinct type privileges.
MDSNBP
Member class for DB2 buffer pool privileges.
MDSNCL
Member class for DB2 collection privileges.
MDSNDB
Member class for DB2 database privileges.
MDSNJR
Member class for Java archive files (JARs).
MDSNPK
Member class for DB2 package privileges.
MDSNPN
Member class for DB2 plan privileges.
MDSNSC
Member class for DB2 schema privileges.
MDSNSG
Member class for DB2 storage group privileges.
MDSNSM
Member class for DB2 system privileges.
MDSNSP
Member class for DB2 stored procedure privileges.
MDSNSQ
Member class for DB2 sequences.
MDSNTB
Member class for DB2 table, index, or view privileges.
MDSNTS
Member class for DB2 tablespace privileges.
MDSNUF
Member class for DB2 user-defined function privileges.
MDSNUT
Member class for DB2 user-defined distinct type privileges.

DCE classes
DCEUUIDS
Used to define the mapping between a users RACF user ID and the
corresponding DCE principal UUID.
Enterprise Java Beans classes
EJBROLE
Member class for Enterprise Java Beans authorization roles.
GEJBROLE
Grouping class for Enterprise Java Beans authorization roles.
JAVA
Contains profiles that are used by Java for z/OS applications to perform
authorization checking for Java for z/OS resources.
IMS classes
AIMS
Application group names (AGN).
CIMS
Command.
DIMS
Grouping class for command.
FIMS
Field (in data segment).
GIMS
Grouping class for transaction.
HIMS
Grouping class for field.
IIMS
Program specification block (PSB).
JIMS
Grouping class for program specification block (PSB).
643
CDT classes
Class Name
Description
LIMS
Logical terminal (LTERM).
MIMS
Grouping class for logical terminal (LTERM).
OIMS
Other.
PIMS
Database.
QIMS
Grouping class for database.
SIMS
Segment (in database).
TIMS
Transaction (trancode).
UIMS
Grouping class for segment.
WIMS
Grouping class for other.

Infoprint Server class
PRINTSRV
Controls access to printer definitions for Infoprint Server.

Information/Management (Tivoli Service Desk) classes
GINFOMAN
Grouping class for Information/Management (Tivoli Service Desk)

resources.
INFOMAN
Member class for Information/Management (Tivoli Service Desk)

resources.
LFS/ESA classes
LFSCLASS
Controls access to file services provided by LFS/ESA.

License Manager class
ILMADMIN
Controls access to the administrative functions of IBM License Manager.
Lotus Notes for z/OS and Novell Directory Services for OS/390 classes
NDSLINK
Mapping class for Novell Directory Services for OS/390 user identities.
NOTELINK
Mapping class for Lotus Notes for z/OS user identities.

MQSeries classes
GMQADMIN
Grouping class for MQSeries administrative options.
GMQCHAN
Reserved for MQSeries.
GMQNLIST
Grouping class for MQSeries namelists.
GMQPROC
Grouping class for MQSeries processes.
GMQQUEUE
Grouping class for MQSeries queues.
MQADMIN
Protects MQSeries administrative options.
MQCHAN
Reserved for MQSeries.
MQCMDS
Protects MQSeries commands.
MQCONN
Protects MQSeries connections.
MQNLIST
Protects MQSeries namelists.
MQPROC
Protects MQSeries processes.
MQQUEUE
Protects MQSeries queues.
1
1
NetView classes
644
NETCMDS
Controlling which NetView commands the NetView operator can issue.
NETSPAN
Controlling which NetView commands the NetView operator can issue

against the resources in this span.
NVASAPDT
NetView/Access Services.
CDT classes
Class Name
Description
PTKTVAL
Used by NetView/Access Services Secured Single Signon to store

information needed when generating a PassTicket.
RMTOPS
NetView Remote Operations.
RODMMGR
NetView Resource Object Data Manager (RODM).

Network Authentication Service classes
KERBLINK
Mapping class for user identities of local and foreign principals.
REALM
Used to define the local and foreign realms.
SMS (DFSMSdfp) classes

MGMTCLAS
SMS management classes.
STORCLAS
SMS storage classes.
SUBSYSNM
Authorizes a subsystem (such as a particular instance of CICS) to open

a VSAM ACB and use VSAM record level sharing (RLS) functions.
Tivoli classes
ROLE
Specifies the complete list of resources and associated access levels that
are required to perform the particular job function this role represents and
defines which RACF groups are associated with this role.
TMEADMIN
Maps the user IDs of Tivoli administrators to RACF user IDs.

TSO classes
ACCTNUM
TSO account numbers.
PERFGRP
TSO performance groups.
TSOAUTH
TSO user authorities such as OPER and MOUNT.
TSOPROC
TSO logon procedures.
DIRACC
Controls auditing (using SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS) for access checks

for read/write access to HFS directories. Profiles are not allowed in this
class.
DIRSRCH
Controls auditing (using SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS) of HFS directory

searches. Profiles are not allowed in this class.
FSOBJ
Controls auditing (using SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS) for all access

checks for HFS objects except directory searches. Controls auditing
(using SETROPTS AUDIT) of creation and deletion of HFS objects.
Profiles are not allowed in this class.
FSSEC
Controls auditing (using SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS) for changes to the

security data (FSP) for HFS objects. Profiles are not allowed in this class.
IPCOBJ
Controlling auditing and logging of IPC security checks.
PROCACT
Controls auditing (using SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS) of functions that

look at data from, or affect the processing of, z/OS UNIX processes.
Profiles are not allowed in this class.
PROCESS
Controls auditing (using SETROPTS LOGOPTIONS) of changes to UIDs

and GIDs of z/OS UNIX processes. Controls auditing (using SETROPTS
AUDIT) of dubbing and undubbing of z/OS UNIX processes. Profiles are
not allowed in this class.
UNIXMAP
Contains profiles that are used to map z/OS UNIX UIDs to RACF user
IDs and z/OS UNIX GIDs to RACF group names.
UNIXPRIV
Contains profiles that are used to grant z/OS UNIX privileges.
z/OS UNIX classes
645
CDT classes
Class Name
Description
Notes:
1. You cannot specify this class name on the GENCMD, GENERIC, and
GLOBAL/NOGLOBAL operands of the SETROPTS command.
2. You cannot specify this class name on the GLOBAL operand of SETROPTS or, if you do,
the GLOBAL checking is not performed.
3. You cannot specify this class name on the GENCMD and GENERIC operands of the
SETROPTS command.
Supplied resource classes for z/VM and VM systems

Table 45 lists the supplied classes you can use on z/VM and VM systems. These
classes are primarily relevant if you share your RACF database with a z/VM or VM
system.
Table 45. Resource Classes for z/VM and VM Systems
Class Name
Description
DIRECTRY
Protection of shared file system (SFS) directories.
FACILITY
Miscellaneous uses. Profiles are defined in this class so resource

managers (typically program products or components of MVS or VM) can
check a users access to the profiles when the users take some action.
Examples are using combinations of options for tape mounts, and use of
the RACROUTE interface.
RACF does not document all of the resources used in the FACILITY
class by other products. For information on the FACILITY class resources
used by a specific product (other than RACF itself), see that products
documentation.
646
FIELD
Fields in RACF profiles (field-level access checking).
FILE
Protection of shared file system (SFS) files.
GLOBAL
Global access checking.
GMBR
Member class for GLOBAL class (not for use on RACF commands).
GTERMINL
Terminals whose IDs do not fit into generic profile naming conventions.
PSFMPL
When class is active, PSF/VM performs separator and data page labeling
as well as auditing.
PTKTDATA
PassTicket key class.
PTKTVAL
Used by NetView/Access Services Secured Single Signon to store

information needed when generating a PassTicket.
RACFVARS
RACF variables. In this class, profile names, which start with &
(ampersand), act as RACF variables that can be specified in profile
names in other RACF general resource classes.
RVARSMBR
Member class for RACFVARS (not for use on RACF commands).
SCDMBR
Member class for SECDATA class (not for use on RACF commands).
SECDATA
Security classification of users and data (security levels and security

categories). 1
SECLABEL
If security labels are used and, if so, their definitions.
SFSCMD
Controls the use of shared file system (SFS) administrator and operator
commands.
CDT classes
Table 45. Resource Classes for z/VM and VM Systems (continued)
Class Name
Description
TAPEVOL
Tape volumes.
TERMINAL
Terminals (TSO or VM). See also GTERMINL class.
VMBATCH
Alternate user IDs.
VMBR
Member class for VMEVENT class (not for use on RACF commands).
VMCMD
Certain CP commands and other requests on VM.
VMEVENT
Auditing and controlling security-related events (called VM events) on VM

systems.
VMMAC
Used in conjunction with the SECLABEL class to provide security label

authorization for some VM events. Profiles are not allowed in this class.
VMMDISK
VM minidisks.
VMNODE
RSCS nodes.
VMRDR
VM unit record devices (virtual reader, virtual printer, and virtual punch).
VMSEGMT
Restricted segments, which can be named saved segments (NSS) and

discontiguous saved segments (DCSS).
VXMBR
Member class for VMXEVENT class (not for use on RACF commands).
VMXEVENT
Auditing and controlling security-related events (called VM events) on VM

systems.
VMPOSIX
Contains profiles used by OpenExtensions VM.
WRITER
VM print devices.
Notes:
1. You cannot specify this class name on the GENCMD, GENERIC, and
GLOBAL/NOGLOBAL operands of the SETROPTS command.
2. You cannot specify this class name on the GLOBAL operand of the SETROPTS
command or, if you do, the GLOBAL checking is not performed.
647
CDT classes
648

Summary of commands and their functions . . . . .
Summary of Authorities and Commands . . . . . .
The SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL Attribute . . . .
The AUDITOR or group-AUDITOR Attribute . . . .
The OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS Attribute
The CLAUTH Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Access Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Profile Ownership Authority . . . . . . . . . .
Other Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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649
653
654
654
655
655
656
657
657
658
This appendix summarizes the RACF commands and authorities.
Summary of commands and their functions

RACF commands allow you to list, modify, add, and delete profiles for users,
groups, connect entries, and resources. Table 46 shows, in alphabetic order, each
of the commands and its functions.
Table 46. Functions of RACF Commands
RACF Command
Command Functions
ADDGROUP
v
v
v
v
v
Define one or more new groups as a subgroup of an existing group.

Specify a model data set profile for a group.
Define default DFP information for a group.
Define the z/OS UNIX information for a group.
Define a group as a universal group.
ADDSD
v
v
v
v
RACF-protect one or more existing data sets.

RACF-define one or more data sets brought from another system where they were RACF-protected.
RACF-define generic data set profiles.
Create a new data set model profile.
ADDUSER
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Define one or more new users and connect the users to their default connect group.
Specify a model data set profile for a user.
Define CICS operator information.
Define default DFP information for a user.
Define the EIM information for a user.
Define the preferred national language.
Define default operator information.
Define default TSO logon information for a user.
Define default work attributes.
Define the z/OS UNIX information for a user.
Define the DCE information for a user.
Define default NetView operator information.
Define the COMMAND field of the logon panel.
Define the LNOTES and NDS information for a user.
Define access checking with the RESTRICTED and NORESTRICTED keywords.
Define the KERB information for a user.
Define the PROXY information for a user.
ALTDSD
v Change one or more discrete or generic data set profiles.

v Protect a single volume of a multivolume, non-VSAM DASD data set.
v Remove protection from a single volume of a multivolume, non-VSAM DASD data set.
ALTGROUP
v Change the information in one or more group profiles (such as the superior group, owner, or model
profile name).
v Change or delete the default DFP information for a group.
v Add, change, or delete the information for the z/OS UNIX group.
649
Commands and Authorities

Table 46. Functions of RACF Commands (continued)
RACF Command
Command Functions
ALTUSER
v Change the information in one or more user profiles (such as the owner, universal access authority, or
security level).
v Revoke or reestablish one or more users privileges to access the system.
v Specify logging of information about the user, such as the commands the user issues.
v Change or delete CICS operator information.
v Change or delete the default DFP information for a user.
v Define, change or delete the EIM information for a user.
v Change the preferred national language.
v Change or delete the default operator information.
v Change or delete the default TSO logon information for a user.
v Change or delete the default work attributes.
v Add, change, or delete the information for the z/OS UNIX user.
v Change the DCE information for a user.
v Change or delete NetView operator information.
v Manipulate the COMMAND field of the logon panel.
v Change the LNOTES and NDS information for a user.
v Change access checking methods with the RESTRICTED and NORESTRICTED keywords.
v Add or change the KERB information for a user.
v Add or change the PROXY information for a user.
CONNECT
v Connect one or more users to a group.

v Modify one or more users connection to a group.
v Revoke or reestablish one or more users privileges to access the system.
DELDSD
v Delete one or more discrete or generic data set profiles.

v Delete a discrete data set profile for a tape data set, while retaining the data set name in the TVTOC.
v Remove a data set profile, but leave the data set RACF-indicated, when moving a RACF-protected
data set to another system that has RACF.
DELGROUP
v Delete one or more groups and their relationship to the superior group.
DELUSER
v Delete one or more users and remove all of their connections to RACF groups.
DISPLAY
v Display users signed on to a RACF subsystem.
HELP
v Display the function and proper syntax of RACF commands.
LISTDSD
v List the details of one or more discrete or generic data set profiles, including the users and groups
authorized to access the data sets.
v Determine the most specific matching generic profile for a data set.
v Perform a local refresh of generic DATASET profiles.
LISTGRP
v List the details of one or more group profiles, including the users connected to the group.
v List only the information contained in a specific segment (RACF, DFP, or OMVS) of the group profile.
v Display limited information if the group is a UNIVERSAL group.
LISTUSER
v List the details of one or more user profiles, including all of the groups to which each user is
connected.
v List only the information contained in a specific segment (for example, DFP or OMVS information) of a
user profile.
PASSWORD
v Change one or more users passwords.

v Change one or more users password change interval.
v Reset one or more users passwords to a known default value.
PERMIT
v
v
v
v
650
Give or remove authority to access a resource to specific users or groups.

Change the level of access authority to a resource for specific users or groups.
Copy the list of authorized users from one resource profile to another.
Delete an existing access list.

RACF Command
Command Functions
RACDCERT
v List information about the existing certificate definitions for a specified RACF-defined user ID or the
requesters user ID.
v Add a certificate definition and associate it with a specified RACF-defined user ID or the requesters
user ID and set the TRUST flag.
v Check to see if a certificate has been defined to RACF.
v Alter the TRUST flag for an existing definition.
v Delete an existing definition.
v Add or remove a certificate to a key ring.
v Create, delete, or list an existing key ring.
v Generate a public/private key pair and certificate.
v Write a certificate or certificate package to a data set.
v Create a certificate request.
v Create, alter, delete, or list a certificate name filter.
v Gather diagnostic information.
RACLINK
v Define, approve, and delete (undefine) a user ID association.

v List information related to a user ID association.
v Establish password synchronization between user IDs.
RACPRIV
v List, activate, and inactivate the users write-down setting.

v Reset the users write-down setting to the installation-defined default.
RALTER
v Change the discrete or generic profiles for one or more resources whose class is defined in the class
descriptor table.
v Maintain the global access checking tables.
v Maintain security category and security level tables.
v List the encryption keys used if the profile has a KERB segment.
v Maintain CDTINFO, DLFDATA, SESSION, SSIGNON, and STDATA segment information in the
profiles.
v Define, change, or delete the DOMAINDN, OPTIONS and LOCALREGISTRY information in the EIM
segment.
v Change profiles associated with a SystemView for MVS application.
v Define, change, or delete the LDAPHOST address, BINDDN and BINDPW information in the PROXY
segment.
RDEFINE
v RACF-protect by a discrete or generic profile any resource whose class is defined in the class
descriptor table.
v Define entries in the global access checking table.
v Define security category and security level tables.
v Define the encryption keys used if the profile has a KERB segment.
v Define CDTINFO, DLFDATA, SESSION, SSIGNON, and STDATA segment information in the profiles.
v Define the EIM segment and the DOMAINDN, OPTIONS and LOCALREGISTRY information for the
segment.
v Define the list of classes for which RACF is to save RACLISTed results on the RACF database.
v Define profiles associated with a SystemView for MVS application.
v Create, alter, or delete additional criteria for a certificate name filter.
v Define the LDAPHOST address, BINDDN and BINDPW information if the profile has a PROXY
segment.
v Define the SHARED.IDS profile in the UNIXPRIV class, which controls the default behavior of adding
or altering UIDs and GIDs in the OMVS segment.
v Modify the processing of z/OS UNIX System Services by defining profiles in the UNIXPRIV class that
either:
Serve as system-wide options (such as the CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED or
FILE.GROUPOWNER.SETGID profiles).
Define an individual superuser capability (such as the ability to change file ownership using the
SUPERUSER.FILESYS.CHOWN resource), which can be granted to a user instead of assigning
UID(0).
RDELETE
v Remove RACF-protection from one or more resources whose class is defined in the class descriptor
table.
v Delete the global access checking tables.
v Delete the security category and security level tables.
v Delete a class from the list of classes for which RACF saves RACLISTed results on the RACF
database.
REMOVE
v Remove one or more users from a group and assign a new owner for any group data sets owned by
the users.
651

RACF Command
Command Functions
RESTART
v Restart a function in the RACF subsystem address space.

v Restart the connection to a specific member system on a multisystem node.
RLIST
v List the details of discrete or generic profiles for one or more resources whose class is defined in the
class descriptor table.
v List the contents of the CDTINFO, DLFDATA, SESSION, SSIGNON, and STDATA segments in the
profiles.
v List the DOMAINDN, OPTIONS and LOCALREGISTRY information if the profile has an EIM segment.
v List the encryption keys used if the profile has a KERB segment.
v List the LDAPHOST address, BINDDN information and whether or not a BINDPW exists if the profile
has a PROXY segment.
v Perform a local refresh of generic general resource profiles.
RVARY
v
v
v
v
SEARCH
v Obtain a list of RACF profile names that meet the search criteria for a class of, resources, users, or
groups. These profile names can then be displayed on your terminal.
Profile names that contain a specific character string
Profiles for resources that have not been referenced for more than a specific number of days
Profiles that RACF recognizes as model profiles
Data set and general resource profiles that contain a level equal to or greater than the level you
specify
User and resource profiles that contain a security label that matches the security label you specify.
User and resource profiles that contain a security level that matches the security level that you
specify
User and resource profiles that contain an access category that matches the access category that
you specify.
User profiles that contain an OMVS UID equal to the UID you specify.
Group profiles that contain an OMVS GID equal to the GID you specify.
Profiles for tape volumes that contain only data sets with an expiration date that matches the
criteria you specify.
Profiles for data sets that reside on specific volumes (or VSAM data sets that are cataloged in
catalogs on specific volumes).
Profiles for tape data sets, non-VSAM DASD data sets, or VSAM data sets.
v Format the selected profile names with specific character strings into a series of commands or
messages and retain them in a CLIST data set.
v Create a CLIST of the RACF profile names that meet a search criteria for a class of resources.
SET
v
v
v
v
v
652
Dynamically deactivate and reactivate the RACF function.

Dynamically deactivate and reactivate the RACF primary and backup database.
Switch the primary and backup RACF databases.
Deactivate resource protection, for any resource whose class is defined in the class descriptor table,
while RACF is deactivated.
v Select operational mode when RACF is enabled for sysplex communication.
List information related to RACF remote sharing facility (RRSF) on the local node.
LIST the rrrrrrrr.aaaaaaaa value for the template version following the FMID/APAR value.
Specify the name of a member of the RACF parameter library to be processed by RRSF.
Set tracing on or off for specified operands.
Specify options for automatic command direction.

RACF Command
Command Functions
SETROPTS
Dynamically set system-wide options relating to resource protection, specifically:

v Choose the resource classes that RACF is to protect.
v Gather and display RACF statistics.
v Set the universal access authority (UACC) for terminals.
v Set the KERBLVL to be used if a profile has a KERB segment.
v Specify logging of certain RACF commands and events.
v Permit list-of-groups access checking.
v Display options currently in effect.
v Enable or disable generic profile checking on either a class-by-class or system-wide level.
v Control user password syntax rules.
v Activate password processing for checking previous passwords, limit invalid password attempts, and
warn of password expiration.
v Control global access checking for selected individual resources or generic names with selected
generalized access rules.
v Set the passwords for authorizing use of the RVARY command.
v Initiate refreshing of in-storage generic profile lists and global access checking tables.
v Enable or disable shared generic profiles for general resources in common storage.
v Enable or disable shared profiles through RACLIST processing for general resources.
v Activate or deactivate auditing of access attempts to RACF-protected resources based on
installation-defined security levels.
v Activate enhanced generic naming.
v Control the use of automatic data set protection (ADSP).
v Activate profile modeling for GDG, group, and user data sets.
v Activate protection for data sets with single-level names.
v Control logging of real data set names.
v Control the job entry subsystem (JES) options.
v Activate tape data set protection.
v Control whether or not data sets must be RACF-protected.
v Control the erasure of scratched DASD data sets.
v Activate program control.
v Control whether a profile creators user ID is automatically added to the profiles access list.
v Control use of the dynamic class descriptor table.
v Control multilevel security options
SIGNOFF
v Sign off users from a RACF subsystem.
STOP
v Stop the RACF subsystem address space.
TARGET
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
List the controls and operational characteristics of the specified target RRSF nodes.
Specify the name of the target RRSF node.
Request an operational state for connection to the target RRSF node.
Delete an RRSF node from the local node.
Specify a description of the target RRSF node.
Purge the workspace data sets managed by RRSF in the RACF subsystem address space.
Specify the protocol type for the transport mechanism to be used in communication between the two
RRSF nodes.
Specify the relationship between the target RRSF node and the node being configured.
Specify a prefix for the workspace data sets allocated by and used by RRSF for each target node.
Specify the characteristics of the workspace data sets associated with the node being defined to
RRSF.
Specify the name of a multisystem node.
Identify the main system in a multisystem RRSF node.
Summary of Authorities and Commands

This section summarizes the attributes and authorities that can be assigned to
users, and the RACF commands and operands that can be issued for each
authority. It provides information for the following categories:
v User attributes (SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL, AUDITOR or group-AUDITOR,
OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS, and CLAUTH)
v Group authorities (USE, CREATE, CONNECT, JOIN)
v Access authorities (NONE, EXECUTE, READ, UPDATE, CONTROL, and ALTER)
653

v Other authorities not specified above.
The SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL Attribute

If you have the SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL attribute, you can issue the commands
and operands shown in Table 47.
Table 47. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the SPECIAL or group-SPECIAL Attribute
ADDSD1
with all operands
ADDGROUP
with all operands
ADDUSER
with all operands, but for group-SPECIAL user only when user also has CLAUTH(USER)
ALTDSD
with all operands except GLOBALAUDIT
ALTGROUP
with all operands
ALTUSER
with all operands except UAUDIT or NOUAUDIT. Also, you must have the SPECIAL attribute to use
the NOEXPIRED operand or to issue the NOCLAUTH operand for a class name that is not in the
class descriptor table (group-SPECIAL does not suffice).
CONNECT
with all operands
DELDSD
with all operands
DELGROUP
with all operands
DELUSER
with all operands
with all operands
LISTDSD
LISTGRP
with all operands
LISTUSER
with all operands
PASSWORD
with all operands
PERMIT
with all operands
RALTER
RACDCERT
with all operands. You must have the SPECIAL attribute to issue the RACDCERT command
(group-SPECIAL does not suffice).
RACLINK
with all operands
RDEFINE
with all operands
RDELETE
with all operands
REMOVE
with all operands
RLIST
with all operands
SEARCH
with all operands
SETROPTS
with all operands except AUDIT, NOAUDIT, CMDVIOL, NOCMDVIOL, APPLAUDIT, NOAPPLAUDIT,
LOGOPTIONS, OPERAUDIT, NOOPERAUDIT, SAUDIT, NOSAUDIT, SECLABELAUDIT,
NOSECLABELAUDIT, SECLEVELAUDIT, and NOSECLEVELAUDIT, which require the AUDITOR
attribute. Users with the group-SPECIAL attribute can only issue REFRESH GENERIC and LIST.
This command applies to z/OS and OS/390 systems. However, you can issue this command on a VM system to
maintain a RACF database that is shared among z/OS, OS/390, and VM systems.
The AUDITOR or group-AUDITOR Attribute

If you have the AUDITOR or group-AUDITOR attribute, you can issue the
commands and operands shown in Table 48 on page 655.
654

Table 48. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the AUDITOR or group-AUDITOR Attribute
|
|
|
|
ALTDSD1
only with GLOBALAUDIT
ALTUSER
only with UAUDIT or NOUAUDIT
LISTDSD1
with all operands, lists GLOBALAUDIT option
LISTGRP
with all operands
LISTUSER
with all operands, lists UAUDIT or NOUAUDIT operand
RALTER
only with GLOBALAUDIT
RLIST
with all operands, lists GLOBALAUDIT option
SEARCH
with all operands
SETROPTS
only with APPLAUDIT, NOAPPLAUDIT, AUDIT, NOAUDIT, CMDVIOL, NOCMDVIOL,

LOGOPTIONS, OPERAUDIT, NOOPERAUDIT, SAUDIT, NOSAUDIT, SECLABELAUDIT,
NOSECLABELAUDIT, SECLEVELAUDIT, NOSECLEVELAUDIT, LIST, REFRESH GENERIC, or
REFRESH RACLIST
The OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS Attribute

If you have the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS attribute, you can issue the
commands and operands shown in Table 49.
Table 49. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS Attribute
ADDSD1
when adding new profiles for group data sets
LISTDSD
RLIST
SEARCH
with all operands
SETROPTS
only with REFRESH
The CLAUTH Attribute

If you have the CLAUTH attribute, you can issue the commands and operands
shown in Table 50.
Table 50. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the CLAUTH Attribute
ADDUSER1
ALTUSER
3 5
RALTER ,
4 5
RDEFINE ,
with all operands except OPERATIONS, NOOPERATIONS, SPECIAL, NOSPECIAL, AUDITOR or NOAUDITOR
only with CLAUTH or NOCLAUTH
only with ADDVOL
with all operands (special rules apply to ADDMEM)
655

Table 50. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have the CLAUTH Attribute (continued)
1
This command applies when you have the CLAUTH attribute of USER and you either are the owner of a group, have JOIN
authority in the default group specified in the command, or the profile is within the scope of a group in which you have the
group-SPECIAL attribute.
This command applies when you have the CLAUTH attribute for the class to be added or deleted, the class name is in the class
descriptor table (CDT), and either you are the owner of the users profile, or the profile is within the scope of a group in which
you have the group-SPECIAL attribute.
This command applies when you have the CLAUTH attribute of TAPEVOL and you also have sufficient authority to issue the
command.
These commands apply when you have the CLAUTH attribute for the specified class.
For ADDMEM, special rules apply, depending on access to individual resources. For more information, see the description of the
ADDMEM operand in z/OS Security Server RACF Command Language Reference.
Group Authority
If you have a group authority, you can issue the commands and operands shown in
Table 51.
Table 51. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have a Group Authority
Group Authorities
Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have This Authority
USE
For group resources, the authority allowed the group.
CREATE
CONNECT
JOIN
ADDSD1
with all operands except NOSET
ADDSD1,5
ALTUSER
only with GROUP, AUTHORITY or UACC
CONNECT
with all operands except SPECIAL, NOSPECIAL, OPERATIONS,

NOOPERATIONS, AUDITOR, or NOAUDITOR
LISTGRP
only with group name
REMOVE
with all operands
ADDGROUP2
with all operands
ADDSD1,5
ADDUSER
ALTGROUP
656
with all operands except OPERATIONS, SPECIAL or AUDITOR

4
only with SUPGROUP
ALTUSER
CONNECT
with all operands except SPECIAL, NOSPECIAL, OPERATIONS or

NOOPERATIONS
DELGROUP2
with all operands
LISTGRP
only with group name
REMOVE
with all operands

Table 51. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have a Group Authority (continued)
Group Authorities
This command applies to group data sets only.
This command applies to the superior group.
This command applies only if you have the JOIN group authority in the default group specified in the ADDUSER
command and if you also have the CLAUTH(USER) attribute.
This command applies to current and new superior groups. You can have JOIN authority in one group and be
owner of or be connected with the group-SPECIAL attribute to another group.
Access Authority
If you have an access authority, you can issue the commands and operands shown
in Table 52.
Table 52. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Have an Access Authority
Access Authorities
NONE
EXECUTE
None
READ
UPDATE
CONTROL
ALTER
LISTDSD1
with all operands except AUTHUSER or ALL
RLIST
with all operands except AUTHUSER or ALL
SEARCH
with all operands
ALTDSD1,2
with all operands except OWNER, NOSET or GLOBALAUDIT
DELDSD1,2
LISTDSD
PERMIT
1,2
RALTER
RDELETE2
RLIST
with all operands

with all operands
with all operands except OWNER, ADDVOL3 or GLOBALAUDIT
with all operands
with all operands
This command applies to discrete profiles only.
This command applies to ADDVOL operand only if you also have CLAUTH attribute for TAPEVOL.
Profile Ownership Authority

If you own a profile, you can issue the commands and operands shown in Table 53
on page 658.
657

Table 53. Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Own a Profile
Owner of RACF Profile
Commands and Operands You Can Issue If You Are the Owner
Owner of user profile
Owner of group profile
ALTUSER1
only with user ID, NAME, OWNER, DFLTGRP, DATA, GRPACC,

NOGRPACC, ADSP, NOADSP, REVOKE, RESUME, PASSWORD,
NOPASSWORD, OIDCARD, NOOIDCARD, CLAUTH or NOCLAUTH
DELUSER
with all operands
LISTUSER
with all operands
PASSWORD
only with USER
RACLINK
with all operands
ADDGROUP2
ADDUSER
Owner of resource profile
with all operands

with all operands except OPERATIONS, SPECIAL or AUDITOR
ALTGROUP4
with all operands
ALTUSER
CONNECT
with all operands except SPECIAL, NOSPECIAL, OPERATIONS or

NOOPERATIONS
DELGROUP5
with all operands
LISTGRP
with all operands
REMOVE
with all operands
ALTDSD7
with all operands except NOSET or GLOBALAUDIT
DELDSD
LISTDSD7
with all operands
PERMIT
with all operands
RALTER
RDELETE
with all operands
RLIST
with all operands
SEARCH
with all operands
This command applies to CLAUTH or NOCLAUTH only if you have the CLAUTH attribute for the class to be
added or deleted, and the class name is in the class descriptor table (CDT).
This command applies to the superior group.
This command applies to the default group specified and only if you have the CLAUTH attribute of USER.
This command applies to current and new superior groups. You can have JOIN authority in one group and be
owner of another group.
This command applies to the superior group or group to be deleted.
This command applies to the ADDVOL operand only when you also have CLAUTH attribute of TAPEVOL.
Other Authorities
Table 54 on page 659 shows the commands and operands you can issue for
reasons not already covered previously.
658

Table 54. Commands and Operands You Can Issue for Miscellaneous Reasons
User ID Relationship
User ID is current user
Commands and Operands You Can Issue for Miscellaneous Reasons

ALTUSER
only with NAME or DFLTGRP
LISTUSER
only with user ID
PASSWORD
only with PASSWORD or INTERVAL
User ID is high-level qualifier

ADDSD
of data set name (or qualifier
supplied by a command
ALTDSD
installation exit)
DELDSD
None
None
with all operands

with all operands except OWNER or GLOBALAUDIT
with all operands
LISTDSD
with all operands
PERMIT
with all operands
SEARCH
with all operands
RVARY1
with all operands
RACF MVS Operator Commands:

DISPLAY
Authority granted by OPERCMDS class:

See Table 23 on page 262 and z/OS Security Server RACF
RESTART
Authority granted by OPERCMDS class
SET
SIGNOFF
Authority granted by OPERCMDS class:

See Table 23 on page 262 and z/OS Security Server RACF
STOP
TARGET
Any RACF TSO command issued as an operator command
Although no special authority is needed to issue this command, the system operator must supply the appropriate
RVARY password, as established by the SETROPTS command with the RVARYPW operand, to approve any
change in RACF status.
659
660
Appendix C. RACF Profile Summaries

User Profile Contents Summary . . . . .
Group Profile Contents Summary. . . . .
Connect Profile Contents Summary . . . .
Data Set Profile Contents Summary . . . .
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661
665
666
667
668
This appendix summarizes the contents of each type of RACF profile.
User Profile Contents Summary

Table 55. User Profile Contents: ADDUSER Command
Operand of ADDUSER command
Description
userid
NAME('user-name')
DATA('installation-defined-data')
DFLTGRP(groupname)
OWNER(userid or groupname)
The user profile name (required)

The users name
The users default group
The owner of the profile
The default universal access authority for all new
profiles the user defines while connected to the
default group
The users level of group authority (USE, CREATE,
CONNECT, or JOIN)
The classes for which the user is authorized to
define profiles (or none)
The users AUDITOR attribute setting
The users OPERATIONS attribute setting
The users SPECIAL attribute setting
A setting that indicates whether the user must
supply an operator identification card during logon
The users initial password (or none). For a user
with the NOOIDCARD attribute, NOPASSWORD
indicates that the user has the PROTECTED
attribute.
The times when the user is authorized to access the
system from a terminal
The security categories that the user is allowed to
access
The users default security label
The users default security level
The setting for automatic data set protection for data
sets created by this user
The setting for group access to any group data sets
protected data set profiles defined by the user
The name of a profile to be used as a model
Indicates whether global access checking, the ID(*)
entry on the access list, or the UACC is used to
allow this user to access a resource, other than a
z/OS UNIX file system resource.
AUTHORITY(group-authority)
CLAUTH | NOCLAUTH
AUDITOR | NOAUDITOR
OPERATIONS | NOOPERATIONS
SPECIAL | NOSPECIAL
OIDCARD | NOOIDCARD
PASSWORD | NOPASSWORD
WHEN([DAYS(day-info)][TIME(time-info)])
ADDCATEGORY(category-name ...)
SECLABEL(security-label)
SECLEVEL(security-level)
ADSP | NOADSP
GRPACC | NOGRPACC
MODEL(dsname)
RESTRICTED | NORESTRICTED
To prevent a restricted user from gaining access to

a z/OS UNIX file system resource unless specifically
authorized, see Controlling access to file system
resources for restricted users on page 550.
661
Profiles
Table 55. User Profile Contents: ADDUSER Command (continued)
Description
CICS
OPCLASS(operator-class1,operator-class2,...)
CICS segment information:

The CICS operator classes for which the user will
receive BMS (basic mapping support) messages
The users CICS operator identifier
The users CICS operator priority
The amount of time that the user can be idle before
being signed off by CICS
A setting that indicates whether the user will be
signed off by CICS when an XRF takeover occurs
OPIDENT(operator-id)
OPPRTY(operator-priority)
TIMEOUT(timeout-value)
XRFSOFF(FORCE | NOFORCE)
DCE
AUTOLOGIN(NO | YES)
DCENAME(user-principal-name)
HOMECELL(dce-cell-name)
HOMEUUID(home-cell-uuid)
UUID(universal-unique-identifier)
DCE segment information:

Indicates whether DCE is to automatically log this
user in to DCE
The DCE principal name
The DCE cell name for this RACF user
The DCE UUID for the cell that this user is defined
to
The DCE UUID of the DCE principal defined in
DCENAME
DFP
DATAAPPL(application-name)
DATACLAS(data-class-name)
MGMTCLAS(management-class-name)
STORCLAS(storage-class-name)
DFP segment information:

The DFP data application identifier
The default DFP data class
The default DFP management class
The default DFP storage class
KERB
KERBNAME(local_principal_name)
ENCRYPT
([DES | NODES] [DES3 | NODES3] [DESD | NODESD])
MAXTKTLFE(max_ticket_life)
KERB segment information:

The users local principal name
The users key encryption options
LANGUAGE
PRIMARY(language)
SECONDARY(language)
LANGUAGE segment information:

The users primary national language
The users secondary national language
LNOTES
SNAME(short-name)
LNOTES segment information:

The users Lotus Notes for z/OS short name
NDS
UNAME(user-name)
NDS segment information:

The users Novell Directory Services for OS/390
user name
NETVIEW
CONSNAME(console-name)
CTL(GENERAL GLOBAL SPECIFIC)
DOMAINS(domain-names)
IC('commands')
NETVIEW segment information:

MCS console identifier
Specifies GLOBAL, GENERAL, or SPECIFIC control
Domain identifier
Initial command or list of commands to be executed
by NetView when this NetView operator logs on
Indicates whether the operator will receive
unsolicited messages
MSGRECVR(NO YES)
662
The users maximum ticket life
Profiles
Description
NGMFADMN(NO YES)
Indicates whether this operator can use the NetView

graphic monitor facility
Class of the operator
OPCLASS(classes)
OMVS
ASSIZEMAX(address-space-size)
CPUTIMEMAX(cpu-time)
FILEPROCMAX(files-per-process)
HOME(initial-directory-name)
MEMLIMIT(non-shared-memory-size)
MMAPAREAMAX(memory-map-size)
PROCUSERMAX(processes-per-UID)
PROGRAM(program-name)
SHMEMMAX(shared-memory-size)
THREADSMAX(threads-per-process)
UID(user-identifier)
OPERPARM
ALTGRP(alternate-console-group)
AUTH(MASTER | ALL | INFO | any others)
AUTO(YES | NO)
CMDSYS(system-name | *)
DOM(NORMAL | ALL | NONE)
KEY(searching-key)
LEVEL(message-level)
LOGCMDRESP(SYSTEM | NO)
MFORM(message-format)
MIGID(YES | NO)
MONITOR(events)
MSCOPE(system-names | * | *ALL)
ROUTCODE(ALL | NONE | routing-codes)
OMVS segment information:

Users z/OS UNIX RLIMIT_AS (maximum address
space size)
Users z/OS UNIX RLIMIT_CPU (maximum CPU time)
Users z/OS UNIX maximum number of files per
process
The users z/OS UNIX home directory path name
Users z/OS UNIX non-shared memory limit
Users z/OS UNIX maximum memory map size
Users z/OS UNIX maximum number of processes
per UID
The users initial z/OS UNIX shell program
Users z/OS UNIX maximum shared memory size
Users z/OS UNIX maximum number of threads per
process
The users z/OS UNIX user identifier
OPERPARM segment information:
The alternate console group to be used for recovery
of the users MCS console
The authority that the users MCS console has to
issue operator commands
A setting that indicates whether the users MCS
console can receive messages that have been
automated by the Message Processing Facility
(MPF) in the sysplex
The system to which commands issued from the
users MCS console are to be sent
console receives delete operator message (DOM)
requests
The console key to be associated with the users
MCS console
The types of messages that the users MCS console
is to receive
A setting that indicates whether command
responses from the users MCS console are to be
logged
The format in which messages are to be displayed
at the users MCS console
The migration ID that is to be assigned to the users
MCS console
The information that should be displayed at the
users MCS console when jobs, TSO sessions, or
data set status are being monitored
The systems from which the users MCS console
can receive messages that are not directed to a
specific console
The routing codes of messages that the users MCS
console is to receive
663
Profiles
Description
STORAGE(amount)
The amount of storage in the TSO users address

space that can be used for message queueing to
the users MCS console
console is to receive undelivered messages
UD(YES | NO)
OVM
FSROOT(directory-name)
HOME(initial-directory-name)
PROGRAM(program-name)
UID(user-identifier)
PROXY
LDAPBIND(ldap_host)
LDAPHOST(ldap_url)
BINDDN(bind_distinguished_name)
BINDPW(bind_password)
TSO
ACCTNUM(account-number)
DEST(destination-id)
HOLDCLASS(hold-class)
JOBCLASS(job-class)
MAXSIZE(maximum-region-size)
MSGCLASS(message-class)
PROC(logon-procedure-name)
SIZE(default-region-size)
SYSOUTCLASS(sysout-class)
COMMAND
UNIT(unit-name)
USERDATA(user-data)
WORKATTR
WAACCNT(account-number)
WAADDRn (address-line)
WABLDG(building)
WADEPT(department)
664
OVM segment information:

The users OpenExtensions VM file system directory
name
The users OpenExtensions VM home directory path
name
The users initial OpenExtensions VM shell program
The users OpenExtensions VM user identifier
PROXY segment information:
Information needed by certain applications, such as
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Enterprise
Identity Mapping (EIM), to communicate with an
LDAP registry.
The URL of the LDAP server that z/OS LDAP
Server will contact when acting as a proxy.
The distinguished name that z/OS LDAP Server will
use when acting as a proxy.
The LDAP BIND password that z/OS LDAP Server
will use when acting as a proxy.
TSO segment information:
The users default TSO account number at logon
The default destination to which the user can route
dynamically allocated SYSOUT data sets
The users default hold class
The users default job class
The maximum region size the user can request
during logon
The users default message class
The name of the users default logon procedure
The security label specified by the user during logon
to TSO
The minimum region size if the user does not
request a region size during logon
The users default SYSOUT class
The default command at logon
The default name of a device or group of devices
that a procedure uses for allocations
WORKATTR segment information:
An account number for APPC/MVS processing
Up to four additional address lines for SYSOUT
delivery
The building to which SYSOUT information is to be
delivered
The department to which SYSOUT information is to
be delivered
Profiles
Description
WANAME(name)
The name of the user to which SYSOUT information

is to be delivered
The room to which SYSOUT information is to be
delivered
WAROOM(room)
Table 56. User Profile Contents: RACDCERT Command

Operand of RACDCERT command
Description
ADD dataset-name
TRUST | NOTRUST
WITHLABEL(label-name)
PASSWORD(pkcs12-password)
Assigns a digital certificate for the user ID.

Specifies the trust status of the certificate.
Specifies the label associated with the certificate.
Specifies the password associated with the PKCS
#12 certificate package.
Specifies that RACF should attempt to store the
private key associated with this certificate in ICSF.
Specifies that RACF should use PCICC to attempt
to store the private key associated with this
certificate in ICSF.
Associates a certificate name filter with a user ID.
Specifies the label of the certificate name filter.
Creates the name of the DIGTNMAP class profile
that contains the certificate name filter associated
with this user ID.
Creates a public/private key pair and generates a
digital certificate.
Specifies the subjects X.509 distinguished name.
ICSF
PCICC
MAP dataset-name
WITHLABEL
IDNFILTER
SDNFILTER
GENCERT(request-dataset-name)
SUBJECTSDN
Table 57. User Profile Contents: RACLINK Command
Operand of RACLINK command
Description
PEER(PWSYNC)
A peer-to-peer association between two user IDs

that provides password synchronization and two-way
command direction. The association can be ended
by either user.
A peer-to-peer association between two user IDs
that provides two-way command direction, but not
password synchronization. The association can be
ended by either user.
An association between two user IDs that provides
one-way command direction, but not password
synchronization. The association can be ended by
either user.
PEER(NOPWSYNC)
MANAGED
Group Profile Contents Summary

Table 58. Group Profile Contents: ADDGROUP Command
Operand of ADDGROUP command
Description
groupname
SUPGROUP(groupname)
The group profile name (required)

The profiles superior group
665
Profiles
Table 58. Group Profile Contents: ADDGROUP Command (continued)
Operand of ADDGROUP command
Description
MODEL(dsname)
TERMUACC | NOTERMUACC
UNIVERSAL
The name of a profile to be used as a model
The type of terminal authorization for the group
Universal group
DFP
DATAAPPL(application-name)
DATACLAS(data-class-name)
MGMTCLAS(management-class-name)
STORCLAS(storage-class-name)

The DFP data application identifier
The default DFP data class
The default DFP management class
The default DFP storage class
OMVS
GID(group-identifier)
OMVS segment information:

The groups z/OS UNIX group identifier
OVM
GID(group-identifier)
OVM segment information:

The groups OpenExtensions VM group identifier
TME
ROLES(profile-name ...)
TME segment information:

Specifies the complete list of roles that refer to this
group
Connect Profile Contents Summary

Table 59. Connect Profile Contents: CONNECT Command
Operand of CONNECT command
Description
userid...
GROUP(groupname)
AUTHORITY(group-authority)
The user or users to be connected

The group to be connected to
The owner of the connect profile
The users level of group authority (USE, CREATE,
CONNECT, or JOIN)
The default universal access authority for all new
resources the user defines while connected to the
group
The users group-AUDITOR attribute setting while
the user is connected to the group
The users group-OPERATIONS attribute setting
while the user is connected to the group
The users group-SPECIAL attribute setting while the
user is connected to the group
A setting that indicates that RACF is to prevent the
user from logging on and connecting to the group,
either immediately or as of the specified date
A setting that indicates that RACF is to allow the
user to log on and connect to the group, either
immediately or as of the specified date
The setting for automatic data set protection for data
sets created by this user while the user is connected
to the group
The setting for group access to any group data sets
protected by data set profiles defined by the user
while the user is connected to the group
UACC[(access-authority)]
AUDITOR | NOAUDITOR
OPERATIONS | NOOPERATIONS
SPECIAL | NOSPECIAL
REVOKE[(date)]
RESUME[(date)]
ADSP | NOADSP
GRPACC | NOGRPACC
666
Profiles
Data Set Profile Contents Summary

Table 60. Data Set Profile Contents: ADDSD Command
Operand of ADDSD command
Description
profile-name-1
/password
GENERIC | MODEL | TAPE
The name of the data set profile (required)

The password of a password-protected data set
A setting that indicates whether the profile is a
generic profile, a model profile, or a profile that
protects a tape data set
The user who is to be notified whenever RACF uses
this profile to deny access to a data set
The universal access authority for the data set or
data sets protected by the profile
The type of auditing to be performed for the data set
or data sets protected by the profile
The name of a profile that is to be used as a model
The class of the model profile
A setting that indicates that the model profile name
is to be treated as a generic name
The volume that is to be used to locate the model
profile
The file sequence number of a tape data set
The security retention period for a tape data set
The security categories to be assigned to the data
set or data sets protected by the profile
The security label of the data set or data sets
protected by the profile
The security level of the data set or data sets
A setting that indicates whether the data set or data
sets protected by the profile are to be erased when
they are scratched
An installation-defined level
A setting that specifies the RACF-indication status of
the data set or data sets protected by the profile
The unit type on which the data set resides
The volume on which the data set resides
A setting that indicates that RACF is to issue a
warning message and allow access to the data set
or data sets protected by the profile even if access
authority is insufficient
NOTIFY[(userid)]
AUDIT(access-attempts(audit-access-level)...)
FROM(profile-name-2)
FCLASS(profile-name-2-class)
FGENERIC
FVOLUME(profile-name-2-serial)
FILESEQ(number)
RETPD(nnnnn)
SECLEVEL(security-level)
ERASE
LEVEL(nn)
NOSET | SET | SETONLY
UNIT(type)
VOLUME(volume-serial ...)
WARNING
DFP
RESOWNER(userid or groupname)

The user ID or group name of the actual owner of
the data set or data sets protected by the profile
TME
ROLES(role-access-specification ...)

Specifies the complete list of roles and associated
access levels related to this profile
667
Profiles
Table 61. Data Set Profile Contents: Access Lists
Operand of PERMIT command
Description
profile-name-1
The name of the data set profile (required)

The access authority to be associated with the
names identified on the ID operand. This operand
maintains the standard access list.
The names of the users or groups to be associated
with the access authority
Modifies the access authority. Specifies that the
identified users or groups have the specified access
authority when executing commands and jobs
originating from the specified partner LU.
originating from the specified system console.
authority when entering the system through the
specified JES input device.
authority when executing the specified program.
authority when using an IP address protected by the
named SERVAUTH profile.
authority when logged on to the specified terminal.
ID(name ...|*)
WHEN(APPCPORT(partner-luname ...|*))
WHEN(CONSOLE(console-id ...|*))
WHEN(JESINPUT(device-name ...|*))
WHEN(PROGRAM(program-name ...|*))
WHEN(SERVAUTH(SERVAUTH-profile-name ...|*))
WHEN(TERMINAL(terminal-id ...|*))

Table 62. General Resource Profile Contents: RACDCERT Command
MAP(data-set-name)
ID(userid)
SDNFILTER(subjects-distinguished-name-filter)
IDNFILTER(issuers-distinguished-name-filter)
CRITERIA(criteria-profile-name-template)
TRUST | NOTRUST
Description
Base segment information (DIGTNMAP class
only):
Specifies a certificate name filter.
Specifies the user ID associated with the certificate
name filter.
Specifies the significant portion of the subjects
X.509 distinguished name used in a certificate name
filter.
Specifies the significant portion of the issuers X.509
distinguished name used in a certificate name filter.
Indicates additional criteria used with MULTIID
Specifies the label of the certificate name filter.
Indicates the trust status of the certificate name
filter.
CERTDATA segment information (DIGTCERT
class only):
668
Profiles
Table 62. General Resource Profile Contents: RACDCERT Command (continued)
Description
ADD(data-set-name)
Assigns a digital certificate for a user ID, site or

certificate authority.
Indicates that the status of the certificate being
added is not trusted. When a certificate is not
trusted, it is not used by RACF to validate an entity.
Indicates that the status of the certificate being
added is trusted. When the certificate is trusted, it
can be used by RACF to validate an entity.
Indicates that the certificate authority is considered
highly trusted. When a certificate is highly trusted, it
is enabled for the same usages as a trusted
certificate.
Creates a public/private key pair and generates a
digital certificate.
Specifies the subjects X.509 distinguished name.
Specifies the size of the private key.
Specifies the local date and time from which the
certificate is valid.
Specifies the local date and time after which the
certificate is no longer valid.
Specifies the label assigned to this certificate.
NOTRUST
TRUST
HIGHTRUST
GENCERT(request-dataset-name)
SUBJECTSDN
SIZE(key-size)
NOTBEFORE(DATE(yyyy-mm-dd) TIME(hh:mm:ss))
NOTAFTER(DATE(yyyy-mm-dd) TIME(hh:mm:ss))
SIGNWITH(CERTAUTH LABEL(label-name))
SIGNWITH(SITE LABEL(label-name))
SIGNWITH(LABEL(label-name))
ALTNAME(DOMAIN(internet-domain-name))
ALTNAME(EMAIL(email-address))
ALTNAME(URI(universal-resource-identifier))
Specifies the certificate and private key that are

signing the certificate.
Specifies that RACF should attempt to store the
private key associated with this certificate in ICSF.
Specifies that RACF should use PCICC to attempt
to store the private key associated with this
certificate in ICSF.
Specifies that the key is for identification and key
exchange during security handshakes, such as SSL.
Specifies that the key is for encrypting data.
Specifies that the key is for legally binding
signatures and non-repudiation.
Specifies that the key is for signing other certificates
and certificate revocation lists (CRLs).
Specifies the internet protocol address in Version 4
dotted-decimal format.
Specifies the internet domain name.
Specifies the fully qualified e-mail address.
Specifies the universal resource identifier.
ADDRING(ring-name)
CERTDATA segment information (DIGTRING

class only):
Specifies the creation of a key ring for a user ID.
ICSF
PCICC
KEYUSAGE(HANDSHAKE)
KEYUSAGE(DATAENCRYPT)
KEYUSAGE(DOCSIGN)
KEYUSAGE(CERTSIGN)
ALTNAME(IP(numeric-ip-address))
Table 63. General Resource Profile Contents: RDEFINE Command

Operand of RDEFINE command
Description
classname
The name of the class to which the resource or

resources to be protected belong
The name of the profile
profile-name-1
669
Profiles
Table 63. General Resource Profile Contents: RDEFINE Command (continued)
Description
ADDMEM(member ...)
The member names to be added to the profile (for

resource grouping classes only)
Application-defined data
The user who is to be notified whenever RACF uses
this profile to deny access to a resource
The universal access authority for the resource or
resources protected by the profile
The type of auditing to be performed for the
resource or resources protected by the profile
The name of a profile that is to be used as a model
The class of the model profile
A setting that indicates that the model profile name
is to be treated as a generic name
The volume that is to be used to locate the model
profile
The security categories to be assigned to the
resource or resources protected by the profile
The security label of the resource or resources
The security level of the resource or resources
An installation-defined level
The tape volume protected by this profile can
contain only one data set (TAPEVOL class only)
A setting that specifies that RACF is to create a tape
volume table of contents (TVTOC) when a user
creates the first output data set on the tape volume
(TAPEVOL class only)
The time zone in which a terminal resides
(TERMINAL class only)
The times when the terminal or terminals protected
by the profile can be used to access the system
(TERMINAL class only)
A setting that indicates that RACF is to issue a
warning message and allow access to the resource
or resources protected by the profile even if access
authority is insufficient
APPLDATA('application-data')
NOTIFY[(userid)]
AUDIT(access-attempts[(audit-access-level)])
FROM(profile-name-2)
FCLASS(profile-name-2-class)
FGENERIC
FVOLUME(volume-serial)
SECLABEL(seclabel-name)
SECLEVEL(seclevel-name)
LEVEL(nn)
SINGLEDSN
TVTOC
TIMEZONE({E | W} hh[.mm])
WHEN([DAYS(day-info)][TIME(time-info)])
WARNING
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CDTINFO
CASE(UPPER | ASIS)
DEFAULTRC(0 | 4 | 8)
DEFAULTUACC
(ALTER | CONTROL | UPDATE | READ | NONE)
FIRST
(ALPHA,NUMERIC,NATIONAL,SPECIAL)
GENLIST(ALLOWED | DISALLOWED)
GROUP(grouping-class-name)
KEYQUALIFIERS(0 | nnn)
670
CDTINFO segment information (CDT class only):

Specifies whether mixed-case profile names are
allowed for the class
Specifies the default return code for the class
Specifies UACC for the class
Specifies character restrictions on the first character
of the profile name
Specifies whether SETROPTS GENLIST is allowed
for the class
Specifies the grouping class name
Specifies the number of matching qualifiers for
profile name
Profiles
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Description
MACPROCESSING(NORMAL | REVERSE | EQUAL)
Specifies the type of mandatory access control

(MAC) processing required for the class
Specifies the maximum length of resource and
profile names in the class when MAXLENX is not
specified
Specifies the maximum length of resource and
profile names in the class when ENTITYX is
specified on the RACROUTE macro, or when the
profile is added or changed using the RACF
commands
Specifies the member class name
Specifies whether the OPERATIONS authority is
considered when RACF authorization occurs
Specifies character type restrictions for characters in
the profile name other than the first character
Specifies the POSIT value associated with the class
Specifies whether profiles can be defined in this
class
Specifies whether SETROPTS RACLIST is allowed,
disallowed or required for this class
Specifies whether a security label is required for this
class when SETROPTS MLACTIVE is in effect
Specifies whether an ENF signal should be sent to
listeners when RACLISTed profiles are created,
updated, or deleted for authorization processing
MAXLENGTH(8 | nnn)
MAXLENX(nnn)
MEMBER(member-class-name)
OPERATIONS(YES | NO)
OTHER(ALPHA,NUMERIC,NATIONAL,SPECIAL)
POSIT(nnn)
PROFILESALLOWED(YES | NO)
RACLIST(ALLOWED | DISALLOWED | REQUIRED)
SECLABELSREQUIRED(YES | NO)
SIGNAL(YES | NO)
DLFDATA
RETAIN(YES | NO)
JOBNAMES(jobname-1 ...)
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DLFDATA segment information (DLFCLASS class

only):
A setting that indicates whether the DLF object can
be retained after use
The list of objects that can access the DLF objects
EIM
DOMAINDN
OPTIONS
KERBREGISTRY(registry_name)
LOCALREG(registry_name)
X509REGISTRY(registry_name)
EIM segment information:

The domain distinguished name
The EIM options
The Kerberos registry name
The local registry name
The X.509 registry name
KERB
KERBNAME(local_realm_name)
ENCRYPT
([DES | NODES] [DES3 | NODES3] [DESD | NODESD])
MINTKTLFE(min_ticket_life)
MAXTKTLFE(max_ticket_life)
DEFTKTLFE(def_ticket_life)
PASSWORD(password)
KERB segment information (REALM class only):

The name of the local realm
The key encryption options for the local realm.
PROXY
LDAPHOST(ldap_url)
PROXY segment information:

The URL of the LDAP server that z/OS LDAP
Server will contact when acting as a proxy.
The distinguished name that z/OS LDAP Server will
use when acting as a proxy.
BINDDN(bind_distinguished_name)
The
The
The
The
minimum ticket life for the local realm

maximum ticket life for the local realm
default ticket life for the local realm
value of the password
671
Profiles
Description
BINDPW(bind_password)
The LDAP BIND password that z/OS LDAP Server

will use when acting as a proxy.
SESSION
SESSION segment information (APPCLU class

only):
The levels of security checking performed when
conversations are established with the LU protected
by this profile
The maximum number of days that the session key
is valid
A setting that indicates that the profile is locked,
preventing all session establishment from
succeeding
The session key
CONVSEC
INTERVAL(n)
LOCK
SESSKEY(session-key)
SSIGNON
KEYENCRYPTED(key-value)
KEYMASKED(key-value)
STDATA
USER(userid | =MEMBER)
GROUP(groupname | =MEMBER)
PRIVILEGED(NO | YES)
TRACE(NO | YES)
TRUSTED(NO | YES)
SVFMR
PARMNAME(parm-name)
SCRIPTNAME(script-name)
TME
CHILDREN(profile-name ...)
GROUPS(groupname ...)
PARENT(profile-name ...)
RESOURCE(resource-access-specification ...)
ROLES(role-access-specification ...)
672
SSIGNON segment information:

Indicates that you want to encrypt the value of the
application key or secured signon key
Indicates that you want to mask the key value using
the masking algorithm
STDATA segment information (STARTED class
only):
Specifies the user ID to be associated with this entry
Specifies the group name to be associated with this
entry
Specifies whether the started task should run with
the RACF PRIVILEGED attribute
Specifies whether a message should be issued to
the operator when this entry is used to assign an ID
to the started task
Specifies whether the started task should run with
the RACF TRUSTED attribute
SystemView segment information:
Specifies the name of the parameter list associated
with this application
Specifies the name of the list of default logon scripts
associated with this application
Specifies the complete list of roles that inherit
attributes from this role
Specifies the complete list of groups that should be
permitted to resources defined in this role profile
Specifies the name of a role from which this role
inherits attributes
Specifies the complete list of resources and
associated access levels for groups defined in this
role profile
Specifies the complete list of roles and associated
access levels related to this profile
Profiles
Table 64. General Resource Profile Contents: Access Lists
Operand of PERMIT command
Description
profile-name-1
CLASS(profile-name-1-class)
The name of the general resource profile (required)

The name of the class to which the general
resource profile belongs (required)
The access authority to be associated with the
names identified on the ID operand. This operand
maintains the standard access list.
The names of the users or groups to be associated
with the access authority
originating from the specified partner LU.
originating from the specified system console.
authority when entering the system through the
specified JES input device.
identified users or groups have the authority to
create or delete entries in the conditional access list
of the specified data set or SERVAUTH profile. (For
use with SERVAUTH class profiles only.)
authority when using an IP address protected by the
named SERVAUTH profile.
authority to a particular program when loading the
program on the specified system.
authority when logged on to the specified terminal.
ID(name ...|*)
WHEN(APPCPORT(partner-luname ...|*))
WHEN(CONSOLE(console-ID ...|*))
WHEN(JESINPUT(device-name ...|*))
WHEN(PROGRAM(program-name ...|*))
WHEN(SERVAUTH(SERVAUTH-profile-name ...|*))
WHEN(SYSID(system-ID ...|*))
WHEN(TERMINAL(terminal-ID ...|*))
673
Profiles
674
Appendix D. RACF External Security Module: Authorization

Checking
|
Usage notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buffer pool privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Collection privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 administrative authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PACKADM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATE IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Database privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 administrative authority . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DBCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATETAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHANGE NAME QUALIFIER . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAYDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DROP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IMAGCOPY, MERGECOPY, MODIFY RECOVERY, QUIESCE
RECOVERDB, REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPAIR, RUN REPAIR UTILITY . . . . . . . . . . .
REPAIR DBD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RUN CHECK UTILITY, STATS . . . . . . . . . . . .
STARTDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STOPDB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TERM UTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TERM UTILITY ON DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . .
Java archive (JAR) privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
USAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Package privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMMENT ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DROP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXECUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
All package privileges (PACKADM or SYSADM) . . . . .
All package privileges (PACKADM, SYSADM, or SYSCTRL)
Plan privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMMENT ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXECUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schema privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ALTERIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHANGE NAME QUALIFIER . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMMENT ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATEIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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678
678
678
678
679
679
679
679
679
679
679
679
680
680
680
680
681
681
681
682
682
682
683
683
683
683
684
684
684
684
684
685
685
685
685
686
686
686
686
687
687
687
687
688
688
688
688
688
689
689
689
675
DB2 Privileges
DROPIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storage group privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DROP, ALTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stored procedure privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXECUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 administrative authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SYSADM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SYSCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ALTER BUFFERPOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BINDADD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BINDAGENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CANCEL | START | STOP DDF, DISPLAY | START | STOP RLIMIT
CREATEALIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATEDBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATESG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATETMTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY, DISPLAY BUFFERPOOL . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY ARCHIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MONITOR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MONITOR2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RECOVER BSDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RECOVER INDOUBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SET ARCHIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STOPALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STOSPACE UTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
USE ARCHIVE LOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DB2 privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ALTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ALTER INDEX, DROP INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHANGE NAME QUALIFIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMMENT ON, COMMENT ON INDEX, DROP . . . . . . .
CREATE SYNONYM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREATE VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DROP ALIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DROP SYNONYM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INSERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOCK TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RENAME TABLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SELECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRIGGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UPDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Any of the table privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
676
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690
690
690
690
691
691
691
691
691
692
692
693
693
693
693
693
693
693
694
694
694
694
695
695
695
696
696
696
696
697
697
697
697
698
698
698
699
699
699
699
700
700
700
700
701
701
701
702
702
702
703
703
703
704
704
705
DB2 Privileges
Tablespace privileges . . . . . .
DROP, ALTER . . . . . . .
USE . . . . . . . . . .
User-defined distinct type privileges .
USAGE . . . . . . . . .
User-defined function privileges . .
DISPLAY . . . . . . . .
EXECUTE . . . . . . . .
START . . . . . . . . .
STOP . . . . . . . . . .
View privileges . . . . . . . .
COMMENT ON . . . . . .
DELETE . . . . . . . . .
DROP. . . . . . . . . .
INSERT . . . . . . . . .
REGENERATE VIEW . . . .
SELECT . . . . . . . . .
UPDATE . . . . . . . . .
Any table authority . . . .
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705
705
705
706
706
706
706
706
706
706
707
707
708
708
708
708
708
709
709
709
709
710
710
This appendix includes information about the RACF authorization checking through
the RACF external security module for the following DB2 objects:
B
Buffer pools
C
Collections
D
Databases
E
User-defined distinct types
F
User-defined functions
J
Java archives (JARs)
K
Packages
M
Schemas
O
Stored procedures
P
Application plans
R
Tablespaces
S
Storage groups
T
Tables
U
Systems
V
Views
|
|
Restriction
This chapter contains information about the external security module for
installations using RACF with DB2 Version 7, or earlier.
|
|
|
Information about the external security module for installations using RACF
with DB2 for z/OS Version 8, and higher, is found in DB2 RACF Access
Control Module Guide, SC18-7433.
The sections that follow outline the series of authorization checks that occur in the
RACF external security module to determine if the requesting user is authorized to
use a particular DB2 privilege against a particular DB2 object type. If any
authorization check in the series is successful, the privilege is granted. For
Appendix D. RACF External Security Module: Authorization Checking
677
DB2 Privileges
examples of authorization processing in the RACF external security module, see
Authorization processing examples on page 439.
In order to perform authorization checks, the RACF external security module uses
the values passed with the following parameters to determine the DB2 object types
and privileges:
XAPLTYPE
DB2 object type
XAPLPRIV
DB2 privilege
Restriction: The sections that follow show only the name of each
DB2 privilege passed with the XAPLPRIV parameter. The RACF
external security module uses a numeric XAPLPRIV value. See the
DB2 macro DSNXAPRV in prefix.SDSNMACS to find the numeric
value associated with each DB2 privilege name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Usage notes
The following notes apply to each resource name format shown in each table of this
appendix.
1. The resource name formats shown in this appendix are applicable only if you
are in multiple-subsystem scope (&CLASSOPT 2) and are not using DB2 data
sharing.
2. If you are using DB2 data sharing in multiple-subsystem scope (&CLASSOPT 2),
substitute DB2-group-attachment for DB2-subsystem in each resource name
format shown in this appendix.
3. If you are using single-subsystem scope (&CLASSOPT 1), exclude DB2-subsystem
from each resource name format shown in this appendix.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buffer pool privileges

Resources: Buffer pools
Resource type: B
DB2 privileges
USE
XAPLPRIV value: USEAUT
The user must have sufficient authority to:
|
|
One of these resources:
In class:
DB2-subsystem.buffer-pool-name.USE
MDSNBP or GDSNBP
DB2-subsystem.SYSCTRL
DSNADM
DB2-subsystem.SYSADM
DSNADM
Note: DB2-subsystem may not be required, or may be substituted by DB2-group-attachment,

at your DB2 installation. See Usage notes.
678
DB2 Privileges
Collection privileges
Resources: Collections
Resource type: C
DB2 administrative authorities

PACKADM
XAPLPRIV value: PKADMAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.collection-ID.PACKADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

at your DB2 installation. See Usage notes on page 678.
DB2 privileges
CREATE IN
XAPLPRIV value: CRTINAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.collection-ID.CREATEIN
MDSNCL or GDSNCL
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

Database privileges
Resources: Databases
Resource type: D
DB2 administrative authority

DBCTRL
XAPLPRIV value: DBCTLAUT
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.DBCTRL
DSNADM
DB2-subsystem.database-name.DBADM
DSNADM
679
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

DB2 privileges
CREATETAB
XAPLPRIV value: CRTTBAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.CREATETAB
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DB2-subsystem.database-name.DBMAINT
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

CHANGE NAME QUALIFIER

XAPLPRIV value: QUALAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

CREATETS
XAPLPRIV value: CRTTSAUT
680
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.CREATETS
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:

DISPLAYDB
XAPLPRIV value: DSPDBAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.DISPLAYDB
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DB2-subsystem.SYSOPR
DSNADM
DB2-subsystem.DISPLAY
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

DROP
XAPLPRIV value: DROPAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.DROP
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

IMAGCOPY, MERGECOPY, MODIFY RECOVERY, QUIESCE

XAPLPRIV values: IMCOPAUT, MERGEAUT, MODAUT, QUIESAUT
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.IMAGCOPY
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
681
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:

RECOVERDB, REPORT
XAPLPRIV values: RECDBAUT, REPRTAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.RECOVERDB
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

REORG
XAPLPRIV value: REORGAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.REORG
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

REPAIR, RUN REPAIR UTILITY

XAPLPRIV values: REPARAUT, DIAGAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.REPAIR
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

682
DB2 Privileges
REPAIR DBD
XAPLPRIV value: RDBDAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

RUN CHECK UTILITY, STATS

XAPLPRIV values: CHECKAUT, STATSAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.STATS
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

STARTDB
XAPLPRIV value: STARTAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.STARTDB
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

STOPDB
XAPLPRIV value: STOPAUT
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.STOPDB
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
683
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

TERM UTILITY
XAPLPRIV value: TERMAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

TERM UTILITY ON DATABASE

XAPLPRIV value: TERMDAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

Java archive (JAR) privileges

Resources: Java archives (JARs)
Resource type: J
DB2 privileges
USAGE
XAPLPRIV value: USAGEAUT
Does the user own the Java archive (JAR)?
If so, XAPLUPRM or XAPLUCHK must match the owner name passed from DB2 by
the XAPLREL1 parameter.
684
DB2 Privileges
If not, the user must have sufficient authority to:
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.JAR-name.USAGE
MDSNJR or GDSNJR
DSNADM

Package privileges
Resources: Packages
Resource type: K
DB2 privileges
BIND
XAPLPRIV value: BINDAUT
Does the user own the package?
In class:
DB2-subsystem.collection-ID.package-ID.BIND
MDSNPK or GDSNPK
DB2-subsystem.owner.BINDAGENT
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
|
|

|
|
COMMENT ON
|
|
||
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
|
|
|

XAPLPRIV value: COMNTAUT
685
DB2 Privileges
COPY
XAPLPRIV value: COPYAUT

|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.collection-ID.package-ID.COPY
MDSNPK or GDSNPK
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

DROP
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

EXECUTE
XAPLPRIV value: CHKEXEC
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.collection-ID.package-ID.EXECUTE
MDSNPK or GDSNPK
DSNADM
DSNADM

All package privileges (PACKADM or SYSADM)

XAPLPRIV value: ALLPKAUT
686
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

All package privileges (PACKADM, SYSADM, or SYSCTRL)

XAPLPRIV value: SUBPKAUT
In class:
DB2-subsystem.PACKADM
DSNADM
The user has authority to all collections.

DSNADM
The user has authority to collection-ID.
|
|
DSNADM
DSNADM

Plan privileges
Resources: Application plans
Resource type: P
DB2 privileges
BIND
XAPLPRIV value: BINDAUT
Does the user own the plan?
the XAPLOWNQ parameter.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.plan-name.BIND
MDSNPN or GDSNPN
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

687
DB2 Privileges
|
|
COMMENT ON
Does the user own the plan?
|
|
the XAPLOWNQ parameter.
||
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
|
|
|

EXECUTE

|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.plan-name.EXECUTE
MDSNPN or GDSNPN
DSNADM

Schema privileges
Resources: Schemas
Resource type: M
DB2 privileges
ALTERIN
XAPLPRIV value: ALTINAUT
Does the user match the schema name?
If so, XAPLUPRM or XAPLUCHK must match the schema name passed from DB2
by the XAPLOWNQ parameter.
If not, does the user own the object?
688
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.object-name.ALTERIN
MDSNSC or GDSNSC
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM


|
|
|
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
Notes:
1. No RACF audit record or ICH408I message is generated for a failure related to this
privilege. RACF will audit successes, if specified.
2. DB2-subsystem may not be required, or may be substituted by DB2-group-attachment, at
your DB2 installation. See Usage notes on page 678.
COMMENT ON
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.object-name.ALTERIN
MDSNSC or GDSNSC
DSNADM
DSNADM

CREATEIN
XAPLPRIV value: CREINAUT
by the XAPLOBJN parameter.
689
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.CREATEIN
MDSNSC or GDSNSC
DSNADM
DSNADM

DROPIN
XAPLPRIV value: DRPINAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.object-name.DROPIN
MDSNSC or GDSNSC
DSNADM
DSNADM

Storage group privileges

Resources: Storage groups
Resource type: S
DB2 privileges
DROP, ALTER
XAPLPRIV values: DROPAUT, ALTERAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

690
DB2 Privileges
USE
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.storage-groupname.USE
MDSNSG or GDSNSG
DSNADM
DSNADM

Stored procedure privileges

Resources: Stored procedures
Resource type: O
DB2 privileges
DISPLAY
XAPLPRIV value: DISPAUT
If not, does the user own the stored procedure?
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.procedure-name.DISPLAY
MDSNSP or GDSNSP
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

EXECUTE
|
Does the user own the stored procedure?
|
|
691
DB2 Privileges
|
||
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.procedure-name.EXECUTE
MDSNSP or GDSNSP
DSNADM
|
|
|

START
XAPLPRIV value: STRTAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

STOP
XAPLPRIV value: STPAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

692
DB2 Privileges
System privileges
Resources: Systems
Resource type: U
DB2 administrative authorities

SYSADM
XAPLPRIV value: SYSAAUTH
|
|
In class:
DSNADM

SYSCTRL
XAPLPRIV value: SYSCAUTH
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

DB2 privileges
ALTER BUFFERPOOL
XAPLPRIV value: CHKALTBP
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

BINDADD
XAPLPRIV value: BINDAAUT
In class:
DB2-subsystem.BINDADD
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
693
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

BINDAGENT
XAPLPRIV value: BNDAGAUT
|
|
In class:
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

CANCEL | START | STOP DDF, DISPLAY | START | STOP RLIMIT

XAPLPRIV values: CHKSTART, CHKSTOP, CHKDSPL, CHKDDF
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

CREATEALIAS
XAPLPRIV value: CRTALAUT
In class:
Restriction: The CREATEALIAS check is done only when XAPLCRVW (bit 1 of XAPLFLG1)
is on.
|
|
DB2-subsystem.CREATEALIAS
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

CREATEDBA
XAPLPRIV value: CRTDBAUT
694
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.CREATEDBA
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DB2-subsystem.CREATEDBC
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

CREATESG
XAPLPRIV value: CRTSGAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.CREATESG
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

CREATETMTAB
XAPLPRIV value: CRTTMAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.CREATETMTAB
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DB2-subsystem.CREATETAB
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM

DISPLAY, DISPLAY BUFFERPOOL

XAPLPRIV values: CHKDISPL, CHKDSPBP
|
|
In class:
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

695
DB2 Privileges
DISPLAY ARCHIVE
XAPLPRIV value: DARCHAUT
|
|
In class:
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DB2-subsystem.ARCHIVE
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

MONITOR1
XAPLPRIV value: MON1AUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.MONITOR1
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

MONITOR2
XAPLPRIV value: MON2AUT
|
|
In class:
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

RECOVER BSDS
XAPLPRIV value: CHKBSDS
696
In class:
DB2-subsystem.BSDS
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:

RECOVER INDOUBT
XAPLPRIV value: CHKRECOV
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.RECOVER
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

SET ARCHIVE
XAPLPRIV value: SARCHAUT
|
|
In class:
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

STOPALL
XAPLPRIV value: CHKSUBSY
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.STOPALL
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

STOSPACE UTILITY
XAPLPRIV value: STOAUT
697
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.STOSPACE
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

TRACE
XAPLPRIV value: CHKTRACE
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.TRACE
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

USE ARCHIVE LOG

XAPLPRIV value: ARCHAUT
|
|
In class:
MDSNSM or GDSNSM
DSNADM
DSNADM

Table privileges
Resources: Tables
Resource type: T
Note about SYSCTRL

The SYSCTRL administrative authority does not apply to user tables. DB2
turns on bit 7 of the XAPLFLG1 field for a user table. If this bit is on, the
RACF external security module bypasses checking for the SYSCTRL authority.
This allows RACF processing to model DB2 processing.
|
|
|
|
698
DB2 Privileges
DB2 privileges
ALTER
XAPLPRIV value: ALTERAUT
Does the user own the table?
If so, XAPLUPRM or XAPLUCHK must match the table name qualifier passed from
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.ALTER
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

ALTER INDEX, DROP INDEX

XAPLPRIV values: ALTIXAUT, DRPIXAUT
Does the user own the index?
If so, XAPLUPRM or XAPLUCHK must match the index name qualifier passed from
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM


|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
This check is bypassed for user tables.
DSNADM
DSNADM

699
DB2 Privileges
COMMENT ON, COMMENT ON INDEX, DROP
|
|
XAPLPRIV values: COMNTAUT, CMTIXAUT, DROPAUT

DB2.
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

CREATE SYNONYM
XAPLPRIV value: CRTSYAUT
There are no authorization checks (return code 4).
CREATE VIEW
XAPLPRIV value: CRTVUAUT
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
Note: DBADM authority can be used to allow a user to create views. See CREATE VIEW
Privilege on page 432 for more information.
|
|
DB2-subsystem.DB2-database-name-1.DBADM
DB2-subsystem.DB2-database-name-2.DBADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
.
.
.
DB2-subsystem.DB2-database-name-n.DBADM
.
.
.
DSNADM

DELETE
XAPLPRIV value: DELETAUT
DB2.
700
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.DELETE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

DROP ALIAS
XAPLPRIV value: DRPALAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

DROP SYNONYM
XAPLPRIV value: DRPSYAUT
There are no authorization checks (return code 4).
INDEX
XAPLPRIV value: INDEXAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.INDEX
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

701
DB2 Privileges
INSERT
XAPLPRIV value: INSRTAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.INSERT
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

LOAD
XAPLPRIV value: LOADAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.LOAD
MDSNDB or GDSNDB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

LOCK TABLE
XAPLPRIV value: LOCKAUT
DB2.
702
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.SELECT
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM

REFERENCES
XAPLPRIV value: REFERAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.REFERENCES
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.column.REFERENCES
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

RENAME TABLE
XAPLPRIV value: RNTABAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

SELECT
XAPLPRIV value: SELCTAUT
703
DB2 Privileges
DB2.
|
|
In class:
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

TRIGGER
XAPLPRIV value: TRIGAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.TRIGGER
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

UPDATE
XAPLPRIV value: UPDTEAUT
DB2.
704
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.UPDATE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.column.UPDATE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM

Any of the table privileges

XAPLPRIV value: ANYTBAUT
DB2.
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.REFERENCES
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.INDEX
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.INSERT
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.DELETE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.table-owner.table-name.UPDATE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

Tablespace privileges
Resources: Tablespaces
Resource type: R
DB2 privileges
DROP, ALTER
XAPLPRIV values: DROPAUT, ALTERAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

705
DB2 Privileges
USE
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.database-name.tablespace-name.USE
MDSNTS or GDSNTS
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

User-defined distinct type privileges

Resources: User-defined distinct types
Resource type: E
DB2 privileges
USAGE
XAPLPRIV value: USAGEAUT
Does the user own the user-defined distinct type?
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.type-name.USAGE
MDSNUT or GDSNUT
DSNADM

User-defined function privileges

Resources: User-defined functions
Resource type: F
DB2 privileges
DISPLAY
XAPLPRIV value: DISPAUT
706
DB2 Privileges
If not, does the user own the user-defined function?
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.function-name.DISPLAY
MDSNUF or GDSNUF
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

EXECUTE
|
Does the user own the user-defined function?
|
|
||
In class:
DB2-subsystem.schema-name.function-name.EXECUTE
MDSNUF or GDSNUF
DSNADM
|
|
|

START
XAPLPRIV value: STRTAUT
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
707
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DSNADM

STOP
XAPLPRIV value: STPAUT
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
DSNADM

View privileges
Resources: Views
Resource type: V
DB2 privileges
COMMENT ON
Does the user own the view? (If so, XAPLUPRM or XAPLUCHK must match the
view name passed from DB2 by the XAPLOWNQ parameter.)
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

DELETE
XAPLPRIV value: DELETAUT
708
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.DELETE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM

DROP
|
|
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM

INSERT
XAPLPRIV value: INSRTAUT
In class:
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.INSERT
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM
|
|

|
|
REGENERATE VIEW
|
|
||
In class:
DSNADM
DSNADM
|
|
|

SELECT
XAPLPRIV value: ALTERAUT
XAPLPRIV value: SELCTAUT
709
DB2 Privileges
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.SELECT
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM

UPDATE
XAPLPRIV value: UPDTEAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.UPDATE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.column-name.UPDATE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DSNADM

Any table authority

XAPLPRIV value: ANYTBAUT
|
|
In class:
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.SELECT
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.INSERT
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.UPDATE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
DB2-subsystem.view-owner.view-name.DELETE
MDSNTB or GDSNTB
This check is bypassed when bit 7 of XAPLFLG1 is on.
DSNADM
DSNADM

710
Appendix E. Security for System Data Sets

This appendix contains some guidelines for defining UACC values for system data
sets.
Table 65 lists the UACC values that should be assigned to many of the system data
sets. Note that your security policy may require a UACC of NONE for some data
sets. For example, you can specify UACC(NONE) for macro libraries if you give
READ access to programmers who need to assemble or compile programs that use
those libraries. For a discussion of system data sets, see Protecting DASD System
Data Sets on page 172.
For guidelines about the security labels to assign system data sets on a
multilevel-secure system, see z/OS Planning for Multilevel Security and the
Common Criteria.
You should consider creating a generic profile to protect system data sets, as
follows:
ADDSD SYS1.* UACC(NONE) SECLABEL(SYSHIGH)
Specifying a UACC of NONE for the SYS1.* profile protects any system data sets
that are added to the system by new products. If new system data sets need a
UACC higher than NONE or a SECLABEL of SYSLOW, you can create more
specific profiles for them.
You should also create specific profiles for particular data sets (or groups of data
sets, such as SYS1.DUMPxx data sets), using the information in Table 65.
For any data set that is listed with a UACC of READ or higher, you should consider
creating an entry in the global access checking table. For more information, see
Setting Up the Global Access Checking Table on page 206.
For system data sets that are listed in the table with a UACC higher than NONE,
you might prefer to specify UACC(NONE) and create an access list entry of
ID(*) ACCESS(access-authority). This entry prevents restricted users and users
who are not defined to RACF from accessing the data sets.
Restricted users enter the system with a user ID that is defined with the
RESTRICTED attribute, and may be shared by many users. Restricted users are
prevented from gaining access to protected resources through the global access
checking table, UACC, or the ID(*) entry on the access list. User IDs defined with
the RESTRICTED attribute must be specifically authorized with sufficient authority
on the access list of any protected resource they must access. Therefore, to allow
restricted users to access any data set listed with UACC of READ or higher in
Table 65, each user ID with the RESTRICTED attribute must be specifically
authorized at the level of access indicated by the UACC value.
Table 65. UACC Values for System Data Sets
Data set
UACC
Master catalog
READ
User catalogs
UPDATE
Checkpoint data sets
NONE
Comments
711
System Data Sets

Table 65. UACC Values for System Data Sets (continued)
Data set
UACC
Distribution library data sets
NONE
ISPF panel libraries
READ
JES2 offload data sets
NONE
Load libraries
READ
Page data sets
NONE
PSF secure font data sets
NONE
PSF secure overlay data sets
NONE
PSF secure page segment data sets
NONE
RMF
712
data sets
NONE
Comments
Panel definitions, skeletons, CLISTs,

and so forth. Specify UACC(NONE) if
access must be restricted.
Include PLPA, common, and local

page data sets. See z/OS MVS
Initialization and Tuning Guide.
VSAM data sets.
Security definitions data sets
NONE
SMP data sets
NONE
Swap data sets
NONE
SYS1.AMACLIB
READ
SYS1.AMODGEN
READ
SYS1.ASAMPLIB
READ
SYS1.BRODCAST
READ
SYS1.CMDLIB
READ
SYS1.DAE
NONE
SYS1.DUMPxx
NONE
See z/OS MVS Initialization and

Tuning Reference.
SYS1.HELP
READ
TSO online help.
SYS1.IMAGELIB
NONE
SYS1.JESPARM
NONE
SYS1.JES3LIB
READ
SYS1.LINKLIB
READ
SYS1.LOGREC
NONE
SYS1.LPALIB
READ
SYS1.MACLIB
READ
SYS1.MANx
NONE
SYS1.MIGLIB
READ
SYS1.MODGEN
READ
SYS1.NUCLEUS
READ
SYS1.OVERLIB
READ
UACC can be NONE or READ

depending on installation security
policy.
SMF data sets. See z/OS MVS

Initialization and Tuning Reference.
System Data Sets

Table 65. UACC Values for System Data Sets (continued)
Data set
UACC
Comments
SYS1.PARMLIB
READ
UACC should be NONE if any

members contain passwords, or other
sensitive information, such as the
ACBPW password in the TSOKEYxx
member.
SYS1.PROCLIB
READ
SYS1.RACF
NONE
SYS1.SAMPLIB
READ
SYS1.STGINDEX
NONE
SYS1.SVCLIB
NONE
SYS1.TELCMLIB
READ
SYS1.UADS
NONE
SYS1.VTOCIX.___
NONE
SYS1.VVDS.___
NONE
SYS1.VTAMLIB
READ
SYS1.VTAMLST
NONE
Trace data sets
NONE
User dump data sets
NONE
Can have other names in your

installation.
Appendix E. Security for System Data Sets
713
System Data Sets
714
Appendix F. Debugging Problems in the RACF Database

Checklist: Resolving Problems When Access Is Denied Unexpectedly . . .
Checklist: Resolving Problems When Access Is Allowed Incorrectly . . . .
When Changes to Data Set Profiles Take Effect . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking for RACF-Protected Resources . . . . . . . .
When Authorization Checking Takes Place and Why . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Resources . . . . . . . . .
Pictorial View of RACF Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories. . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Terminals . . . . . . . . . .
Authorizing Access to Consoles, JES Input Devices, APPC Partner LUs, or
IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Checking for RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH Requests
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Applications . . . . . . . . .
Security Label Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Types of Security Label Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Summary for SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) and
MLS(WARNINGS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Summary for SETROPTS NOMLS . . . . . . . . .
Authorization Summary for SETROPTS MLACTIVE . . . . . . . .
Special Access Rule for SPECIAL Users . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relationships among the SECLABEL class, SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES),
SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and SETROPTS MLQUIET . . .
Problems with User ID Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
When Logon or Job Initialization Processing Takes Place and Why . . .
Logon/Job Initialization Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
715
717
718
719
719
720
725
730
732
. 733
735
. 735
. 736
. 737
.
.
.
.
737
738
738
739
.
.
.
.
740
740
740
741
This appendix explains how to debug the profile definitions in the RACF database
and the current RACF options. It also discusses RACF authorization checking and
refresh timing.
This appendix describes how to debug problems with your profile definitions. It is
designed to help you determine how your current RACF options and profiles work
for you. For example, if users have access to resources that they should not have,
or if users do not have access to resources that they should have, this section
might be helpful in determining how to correct the problem.
Note: If you have a problem that you suspect is caused by RACF, and not by your
use of RACF, see z/OS Security Server RACF Diagnosis Guide for
information on correcting the problem.
Checklist: Resolving Problems When Access Is Denied Unexpectedly

When a user or job requires access to a protected resource, and RACF denies the
requested access, you must often analyze the problem before deciding what action
to take. Here are some basic steps to take when analyzing access problems:
v First, get the complete text of the ICH408I message that RACF issued when
denying the access. Also, take note of any other messages that were issued. The
ICH408I message often indicates what profile RACF checked, and what class the
profile was in, when denying access. For a description of the ICH408I message,
see z/OS Security Server RACF Messages and Codes.
715
Debugging
Note: List the profile you believe should have given access. If it contains an *,
%, or &, make sure it is also followed by a G. If you do not have the G, it
is not generic and would not be granting any access.
If the ICH408I message indicates that access was denied because of a revoked
user ID, you may want to resume that user ID. Check if the user ID is associated
with the started procedure. If there was a user ID associated with the started
procedure, this started procedure could not have begun successfully. After you
resume the user ID, you must restart the started procedure or re-IPL.
If the ICH408I message indicates that access was denied because of a profile,
check the profile listing to make sure the user or job should have access. You
should check not only the UACC and access lists, but the security classification
of the resource profile and the user. Also, please note that installation exits (both
RACF exits and certain exits in products that call RACF, such as JES) can affect
a users access to resources. To check the users access to the resource, ask
the user who had the problem to list the profile protecting the resource.
For data sets, the user can issue the LISTDSD command.
For general resources, the user can issue the RLIST command.
In the listing, have the user check the YOUR ACCESS field.
If the user cannot issue the LIST command, do it yourself. In the listing supplied
by RACF, the following fields can, by themselves, deny access to a user:
The security level or security category, or both
The security label
The standard access list (ID and ACCESS)
The universal access authority (UACC)
If the profile listing indicates that the user or job should have access, and the
profile is in a class for which SETROPTS RACLIST processing or SETROPTS
GENLIST processing is in effect, make sure that any in-storage profiles are
refreshed by doing the following:
If the resource is protected by a generic profile in a class that is not
RACLISTed or GENLISTed, ask the user to log off and log on again, or
resubmit the job. This refreshes the users copy of the profile.
Issue the SETROPTS GENERIC(classname) REFRESH or SETROPTS
RACLIST(classname) REFRESH command again.
For information about SETROPTS REFRESH processing on shared systems,
see Refreshing Shared Systems (REFRESH Option) on page 132.
You can use audit records to gather information that you would not otherwise
have. In particular, you can request that audit records be generated for all
accesses to protected resources, or for only failed accesses. You can also
request that audit records be kept for a particular user. With the auditing in effect,
you can use the RACF report writer to view the access requests associated with
the access requests.
Note: In some cases (such as some resources in the OPERCMDS class), a
RACROUTE request from a resource manager can include a log string,
which is a string of characters to be placed in the SMF record if the
access is audited. The log string can be useful in determining what kind of
action the user was taking. For example, the log string might include the
exact operator command, as the operator issued it.
716
Debugging
Checklist: Resolving Problems When Access Is Allowed Incorrectly

You may see occurrences when a user or job obtains access to a protected
resource and you believe that the user should not have that access. There are
many reasons why this could happen. The following checklist can eliminate some of
them:
v Make sure that RACF is active, and that message ICH520I has been issued for
this IPL. (To see if RACF is active, issue a RACF command, such as the
LISTUSER command. If RACF is not active, the command will fail.)
Note: Even though RACF is active, resource managers for which external
security is optional (such as CICS) might not be using RACF. You must
ensure that such resource managers are calling RACF. Also, there may be
other options that control which general resource classes are protected by
RACF. Therefore, you must make sure that the resource manager is
calling RACF for the particular resource class. For CICS, you must ensure
that the particular CICS region is using external security. For information
specifically related to CICS, see CICS RACF Security Guide.
v If the resource is a general resource (in other words, not protected by a profile in
the DATASET class), make sure that the general resource class is active. For
example, for tape volumes, make sure that the TAPEVOL class is active. To do
this, issue the SETROPTS LIST command.
v Check for a global access checking table entry for the resource. An entry in the
global access checking table can allow access for all users, except those with
the RESTRICTED attribute, when a profile protecting the resource would deny
access. For example, for data sets, enter:
RLIST GLOBAL DATASET
Note: Do not ignore the presence of entries containing &RACGPID or

&RACUID.
v If the profile is a generic profile, use the SETROPTS LIST command to ensure
that generic profile checking is in effect for the class.
v Make sure you know which profile is actually protecting the resource. For
example, a more specific profile might actually be used instead of the generic
profile you believe protects the resource. The more specific profile might grant
the user the access. To do this, issue the LISTDSD and RLIST command,
specifying the resource name. For the LISTDSD command, if you receive a
message indicating that no profile is found, issue the command again with the
GENERIC operand to check for any generic profiles that might protect the
resource.
v Check the users access to the resource. You can do this in two ways:
Ask the user to list the profile protecting the resource. For example, the user
can issue the LISTDSD and RLIST command, specifying the resource name.
For the LISTDSD command, if the user receives a message indicating that no
profile is found, have the user issue the command again with the GENERIC
operand to check for any generic profiles that might protect the resource.
Have the user check the YOUR ACCESS field in the profile listing. If this field
indicates that the user or job should have access, use the steps described in
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Resources on page 720 to analyze
the profile for reasons why the user or job has that access.
If the user cannot issue the LIST command, do it yourself. In the listing
supplied by RACF, the following fields can, by themselves, allow access to a
user:
717
Debugging
- For data sets and mini-disks, the high-level qualifier
- The standard access list
- The conditional access list
- UACC
- WARNING
If list-of-groups processing is in effect on your system, check to see if a group
of which the user is a member is in the access list. Check both the standard
access list and the conditional access list. Also, note that installation exits
(both RACF exits and certain exits in products that call RACF, such as JES)
can affect a users access to resources.
v If your analysis of the protecting profile shows that the user should not have
access, continue with the following checks.
v If the SETROPTS RACLIST processing or SETROPTS GENLIST processing is in
effect, make sure that any in-storage profiles are refreshed.
If the resource is protected by a generic profile in a class that is not
RACLISTed or GENLISTed, ask the user to log off and log on again, or
resubmit the job. This refreshes the users copy of the profile.
Issue the SETROPTS GENERIC(classname) REFRESH or SETROPTS
RACLIST(classname) REFRESH command again.
For information about SETROPTS REFRESH processing on shared systems,
see Refreshing Shared Systems (REFRESH Option) on page 132.
v You can use audit records to gather information that you would not otherwise
have. In particular, you can request that audit records be generated for all
accesses to protected resources, or for only successful accesses. You can also
request that audit records be kept for a particular user. With the auditing in effect,
you can use the RACF report writer to view the access requests associated with
the access requests.
Note: In some cases (such as some resources in the OPERCMDS class), a
RACROUTE request from a resource manager can include a log string,
which is a string of characters to be placed in the SMF record if the
access is audited. The log string can be useful in determining what kind of
action the user was taking. For example, the log string might include the
exact operator command, as the operator issued it.
When Changes to Data Set Profiles Take Effect

If a user is currently using a data set, changing the data set profile protecting the
data set may not affect the users current access until that user logs on again.
The change affects the users access immediately in the following cases:
v If the user is not logged on. You can check to see if a user is logged on with the
TSO STATUS command:
STATUS userid
If the user is logged on, the system displays a message indicating that a job with
the letters TSU in it is executing.
v If the user is logged on and has not yet opened the data set or a data set
protected by the same generic profile (for example, by browsing or editing).
If the user is logged on and has opened the data set, and you change his access,
two situations could occur:
v If the profile is a discrete profile, the users access changes after closing the data
set.
718
Debugging
v If the profile is a generic profile, the users access changes after one of the
following occurs:
The user issues the LISTDSD command as follows:
LISTDSD DATASET(dataset-protected-by-the-profile) GENERIC
This places a fresh copy of the profile in the users address space.
A SETROPTS GENERIC(DATASET) REFRESH is issued on the system the
user is logged on to or from another system in the RACF sysplex data sharing
group, if RACF is enabled for sysplex communication.
The user references more than four data sets with different high-level
qualifiers, and the data sets are protected by generic profiles.
The user logs off and then logs back on.
Authorization Checking for RACF-Protected Resources

This section includes the following information:
v When Authorization Checking Takes Place and Why
v Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Resources on page 720
v Pictorial View of RACF Authorization Checking on page 725
v Authorizing Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories on page 730
v Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Terminals on page 732
v Authorizing Access to Consoles, JES Input Devices, APPC Partner LUs, or IP
Addresses on page 733
v Authorization Checking for RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH Requests on
page 735
v Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Applications on page 735
v Security Label Authorization Checking on page 736
When Authorization Checking Takes Place and Why

When a user requests access to a RACF-protected resource (such as a data set),
the resource manager issues the RACROUTE macro with REQUEST=AUTH
specified (or the RACHECK macro9). For ease of reference, this section calls such
a request a RACF authorization request.
Based on the specifications on the RACF authorization request, RACF determines
whether the requesting user is authorized to access the resource.
v If the user is authorized to the resource, RACF returns a successful return code
to the resource manager. The resource manager then allows the request to
complete.
v If the user is not authorized to the resource, RACF returns an unauthorized
return code to the resource manager. The resource manager then fails the
request.
RACF issues a message indicating that the resource is not protected.
v If the resource is not protected (for example, if no profile exists for it), RACF
returns the default return code for the class.
For general resource classes, the default return code is the not protected return
code, unless otherwise specified in the class descriptor table (CDT) entry for the
class.
9. If the RACHECK macro is issued instead of RACROUTE, authorization processing begins at Step 6 on page 720.
719
Debugging
For the DATASET class, the default return code is the not protected return
code, unless the SETROPTS PROTECTALL(FAILURES) option is in effect, in
which case the default return code is the not authorized return code.
If the not protected return code is issued, the resource manager then either fails
or allows the request. Most resource managers allow the request.
RACF issues a message indicating that the resource is not protected.
Notes:
1. SMF log records or messages may be generated, depending on the options in
effect and whether RACF granted or denied access to the resource.
2. When checking authorization for a directed command, RACF uses the
authorization of the target user ID, not the issuing user ID.
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Resources

To perform authorization checking for RACF-protected resources, RACF makes the
following checks. RACF stops processing when the request is granted or denied.
For a pictorial view of the following steps, see Figure 68 on page 726 through
Note: The following steps do not apply to accessing z/OS UNIX resources. For
authorization steps related to accessing z/OS UNIX resources, see
Authorizing Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories on page 730.
1. The SAF router exits can grant or deny access before RACF authorization
processing occurs.
2.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Note: Before master scheduler initialization (MSI), this is the ICHRTX01 exit
routine. After master scheduler initialization (MSI), this is the ICHRTX00
exit routine.
If the entry for the class in the RACF router table has NONE specified, RACF
returns the not protected return code. This also occurs if the caller specified
the REQSTOR and SUBSYS operands on the RACROUTE macro, did not
also specify DECOUPL=YES or give the REQSTOR and SUBSYS information
in the RACF router table entry.
If RACF is not active, RACF returns the not protected return code.
For general resource classes, if the class of the resource is not active, RACF
returns the not protected return code.
If the RACF class must be RACLISTed, as specified in the class descriptor
table (CDT), but is not currently RACLISTed, RACF returns the not protected
return code.
If the user requesting access is trusted or privileged, RACF grants the
request. See the following:
v If the user has the trusted attribute, RACF grants the request (unless the
CSA or PRIVATE operand was specified on the authorization request). Such
requests can be audited only by using the LOGOPTIONS operand on the
SETROPTS command (which audits access requests issued by all users).
v If the user has the privileged attribute, RACF grants the request (unless the
CSA or PRIVATE operand was specified on the authorization request). Such
requests cannot be audited.
7. RACF invokes the naming convention table if:
v The naming convention routine exists
v The resource being checked is a CLASS data set
720
Debugging
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
The naming convention table can continue REQUEST=AUTH processing or

deny the request.
The REQUEST=AUTH preprocessing exit (ICHRCX01) can grant or deny the
request.
If the requesting user has a default user token (created by SAF), RACF denies
the request.
If SETROPTS MLQUIET is in effect (see Quiescing RACF Activity (MLQUIET
Option) on page 136), RACF denies the request unless the user has the
SPECIAL attribute, has the privileged or trusted attribute, or is logged on at a
system console.
If the user ID in the RTOKEN for the resource matches the user ID in the
UTOKEN for the user making a request, RACF grants the request.
This allows a user to cancel one of the users own jobs using the TSO
CANCEL command without being affected by the users current security label.
If global access checking is active for the class, RACF searches the global
access table (unless the CSA or PRIVATE operand was specified on the
authorization request). If RACF finds a matching entry that allows access to
the resource, RACF grants the request for all users, except those with the
RESTRICTED attribute.
RACF looks for a profile in storage or in the RACF database. If no profile is
found that protects the resource, RACF returns the default return code of the
class. See the entry for the class in the class descriptor table (CDT) described
in z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces.) Specifically, no profile
is found in the following cases:
v Profiles for the class exist in the users storage or in a data space, but no
profile matches the resource name.
v Profiles for the class do not exist in the users storage, in a data space, or in
the RACF database.
Note: If you expect generic profiles to be used by RACF authorization

checking, list their profile names using the SEARCH command. If the
profile names listed by the SEARCH command are not followed by (G),
RACF does not treat them as generic profiles. To recover, take the
following steps:
a. Issue SETROPTS NOGENERIC(classname).
b. Issue SETROPTS NOGENCMD(classname).
c. Delete the profiles. (If the profiles have complicated specifications,
such as long access lists, you might wish to define dummy profiles
modeled on them before deleting them. Specify the FROM operand
on the RDEFINE command.
d. Issue SETROPTS GENERIC(classname).
e. Define the profiles again.
14. If your installation has activated the SECLABEL class, RACF performs security
label authorization checking. For a complete description, see Security Label
Authorization Checking on page 736. If security label authorization checking
succeeds, RACF authorization checking continues with Step 16 on page 722.
15. If the SECLABEL class is not active, the SECDATA class is active, and the
requested resource has a security level or security category specified, RACF
makes two checks in the sequence described below.
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Debugging
a. RACF compares the security level (SECLEVEL) in the user profile with the
security level in the resource profile. If the resource has a higher security
level than the user, or if the user has no security level, RACF denies the
request.
For a terminal session, RACF uses the lower of the users SECLEVEL and
the terminals SECLEVEL when authorizing access to a resource. For
example, if the user has a SECLEVEL of 100 and the terminal has a
SECLEVEL of 50, RACF uses the terminals SECLEVEL during
authorization checking. Thus, in this case, the user cannot access, through
the terminal, any resource with a SECLEVEL greater than 50. (If the
terminal is not defined to RACF or is defined without a SECLEVEL, RACF
uses the users SECLEVEL to determine the resources that can be
accessed.)
If the security level check passes, authorization checking continues with
the following check.
b. RACF compares the list of security categories in the user profile with the
list of security categories in the resource profile. If the resource profile
contains a security category that is not in the users profile, RACF denies
the request.
Unlike the security level check, RACF uses only the users security
category list for a terminal session.
If both checks succeed, RACF continues authorization checking with Step 16.
16. If users attempt to access their own resources, RACF grants the request. For
example:
v For tape and DASD data sets, if the user ID of the requesting user is the
high-level qualifier of the data set name, RACF grants the request.
v For spool data sets, if the JESSPOOL class is active, RACF compares the
user ID and node of the requester with the user ID and node of the creator
of the spool data set (using the security token). If the user IDs match, RACF
grants the request.
17. RACF checks the users access authority in the standard access list. If the
user is in the list and if the specified access authority is sufficient to allow
access, RACF grants the request. If the user is in the list and if the specified
access authority is less than the requested access, RACF continues
processing at Step 22 on page 723 (conditional access list checking). This
prevents access based on ID(*), UACC, or the OPERATIONS attribute.
This could happen if, for example, user JOE requests UPDATE access, and
the standard access list includes ID(JOE) ACCESS(READ).
18. RACF determines whether the user has access to the resource because the
user is a member of a group and the group is on the standard access list.
Which group is used depends on whether list-of-groups processing is in effect.
(List-of-groups processing is in effect if the SETROPTS command has been
issued with the GRPLIST operand.) RACF determines which group to use
according to the following rules:
v If list-of-groups processing is not in effect, RACF uses only the users
v If list-of-groups processing is in effect, RACF finds all of the groups to which
the user is connected that are also in the access list. Of these groups,
RACF uses the group that has the highest access authority to the resource.
(For example, assume that a user is a member of groups A, B, and C. If
722
Debugging
group A has NONE access authority, group B has READ access authority,
and group C has UPDATE access authority, RACF uses group C to
determine the users access.)
If the highest access authority is sufficient to allow the requested access,
RACF grants the request. If the highest group that was found in the list does
not have the requested authority, RACF continues processing at Step 22
(conditional access list checking). This prevents access based on ID(*),
UACC, or the OPERATIONS attribute.
19. If a user ID of * is found on the standard access list, the current user is
defined to RACF without the RESTRICTED attribute, and the access authority
granted to * is:
v Sufficient to allow the requested access, RACF grants the request.
v Not sufficient to allow the requested access, RACF continues processing at
Step 21 (OPERATIONS attribute checking).
20. If the universal access authority (UACC) for the resource provides sufficient
access authority and the requesting user is not defined with the RESTRICTED
attribute, RACF grants the request.
21. If the requesting user has the OPERATIONS attribute (or group-OPERATIONS
if the resource is within the scope of that group) and OPERATIONS access is
allowed for the class, RACF grants the request.
22. RACF checks the users access authority in the conditional access list
specified with WHEN(TERMINAL), WHEN(CONSOLE), WHEN(APPCPORT),
WHEN(JESINPUT) or WHEN(SERVAUTH). If the user is in the list, if the user
meets the specified condition (such as logged on at the specified terminal),
and if the specified access authority is sufficient to allow access, RACF grants
the request. If the user is in the list with insufficient access authority, RACF
authorization processing continues at Step 25 on page 724.
23. RACF determines whether the user has access to the resource because the
user is a member of a group that meets a condition specified on the
conditional access list specified with WHEN(TERMINAL), WHEN(CONSOLE),
WHEN(APPCPORT), WHEN(JESINPUT) or WHEN(SERVAUTH). Which group
is used depends on whether list-of-groups processing is in effect.
(List-of-groups processing is in effect if the SETROPTS command has been
issued with the GRPLIST operand). RACF determines which group to use
according to the following rules:
(For example, assume that a user is a member of groups A and B. If A has
READ access authority and B has UPDATE access authority, RACF uses
group B to determine the users access.)
If the group to be used according to the preceding rules has sufficient access
authority to allow the requested access, RACF authorization processing
continues at Step 25 on page 724. If none of the users groups has sufficient
authority, RACF does not grant the request, and continues with the next step.
24. If a user ID of * is found on the conditional access list specified with
WHEN(TERMINAL), WHEN(CONSOLE), WHEN(APPCPORT),
WHEN(JESINPUT) or WHEN(SERVAUTH), and if the current user is defined to
RACF without the RESTRICTED attribute, and if the current user meets the
723
Debugging
specified condition (such as logged on at the specified terminal), and the
access authority granted to * is sufficient to allow the requested access, RACF
grants the request.
25. RACF checks the users access authority in the conditional access list
specified with WHEN(PROGRAM). If the user is in the list, if the user meets
the specified condition (such as running the specified program), and if the
specified access authority is sufficient to allow access, RACF grants the
request.
26.
27.
28.
29.
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724
Note: For DASD data sets, if program control is active and a controlled
program is executing, RACF performs authorization checking for
program access to data sets. If the user/program combination is in the
conditional access list with sufficient authority to allow access to the
data sets, RACF grants the request. If the user/program combination is
in the conditional access list with insufficient authority, RACF denies the
request. For more information, see Authorization checking for access
control to data sets on page 326.
RACF determines whether the user has access to the resource because the
user is a member of a group that meets a condition specified on the
conditional access list (such as running a specified program). Which group is
used depends on whether list-of-groups processing is in effect. (List-of-groups
processing is in effect if the SETROPTS command has been issued with the
GRPLIST operand.) RACF determines which group to use according to the
following rules:
(For example, assume that a user is a member of groups A and B. If A has
READ access authority and B has UPDATE access authority, RACF uses
group B to determine the users access.)
If the group to be used according to the preceding rules has sufficient access
authority to allow the requested access, RACF grants the request. If the group
is specified in the list with insufficient access authority, RACF denies the
request.
If a user ID of * is found on the conditional access list specified with
WHEN(PROGRAM), and if the current user is defined to RACF without the
RESTRICTED attribute, and if the current user meets the specified condition
(such as logged on at the specified terminal or running the specified program),
and the access authority granted to * is sufficient to allow the requested
access, RACF grants the request.
If the WARNING flag is ON in the profile (set using the WARNING operand on
the ADDSD, ALTDSD, RDEFINE, or RALTER command), RACF grants the
request.
If SETROPTS CATDSNS(FAILURES) is in effect, RACF denies the request
unless at least one of the following is true:
v The data set is newly created in this job, or is a system temporary data set.
v The data set is on tape, and the request is for UPDATE access.
v The data set is protected by a discrete profile.
v The data set is cataloged in the master catalog.
v The data set is cataloged in a STEPCAT and the user has READ access to
FACILITY resource ICHUSERCAT.
Debugging
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v The user has access to FACILITY resource ICHUNCAT.dataset-name

(truncated to 39 characters, if necessary).
v The user has the SPECIAL attribute.
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Note: If the user gains access through having the SPECIAL attribute and
none of the prior conditions were true, RACF issues a warning
message and creates an SMF record as though
CATDSNS(WARNING) were in effect.
30. The postprocessing exit (ICHRCX02) can grant or deny the request.
31. For the DATASET class, if no profile is found and the SETROPTS
PROTECTALL(FAILURES) option is in effect, RACF denies the request. If no
profile is found and the SETROPTS PROTECTALL(WARNING) option is in
effect, RACF grants the request.
Pictorial View of RACF Authorization Checking

For a complete description of the numbered steps described in the following figures,
see Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Resources on page 720.
Callers
pre-RACROUTE
exit
(if it exists)
RACROUTE
call
Callers
post-RACROUTE
exit
(if it exists)
Figure 67. Process Flow of Callers of RACF for RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH Requests
Note: For information about exits that affect RACROUTE calls, see the
documentation for the calling product.
725
Debugging
Numbered
Steps
RACROUTE
1
Deny
SAF router exit

(ICHRTX00 or ICHRTX01
can do a security check
as desired and provide
a return code.
Pass
Not protected
Pass
Requested function
has failed.
No RACF decision
Call to RACF router
RC from RACF
Return to Caller
Figure 68. Process Flow of SAF Router for RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH Requests
726
Requested function
has completed successfully.
Debugging
Numbered
Steps
From SAF
Yes. No RACF decision
Class has matching

entry in RACF router
table with ACTION=NONE?
No
No RACF decision
RACF is active?
Yes
No RACF decision
RACF class is active?
Yes
Class must be RACLISTed

but currently is not?
No RACF decision
Yes
Control passes to
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH
processing
RC from REQUEST=AUTH
Return to SAF Router
Figure 69. Process Flow of RACF Router
727
Debugging
Numbered
Steps
From RACF router
Privileged or trusted
Pass
Return to RACF router
No
7
Naming convention routine

Preprocess exit
exists
Deny REQUEST=AUTH preprocess

exit (ICHRCX01)
Pass
Deny Denied if user is the

default user (TOKDFLT)
No
10
Deny
Denied if MLQUIET is on
and user does not meet
certain requirements.
No
11
If TSO CANCEL command,

and user ID of RTOKEN
matches user ID of UTOKEN
No
Pass
(continued in
next part of figure)
Figure 70. Process Flow of RACF Authorization Checking (Part 1 of 3)
728
Debugging
Passed by global access

checking table, except
RESTRICTED users
12
Pass
No
13
No
Profile found?
Default RC of class
Yes
SECLABEL Check
14
Deny
or
15
SECLEVEL/CATEGORY
Okay
or not active
Pass
16
User owns resource

Insufficient
Access
17
18
19
Standard access list

- User
- Group
- ID(*) except RESTRICTED
users
20
UACC, except RESTRICTED

users
Pass
Pass
Insufficient
access
21
OPERATIONS attrib. Match

(WHEN(TERMINAL, CONSOLE,
APPCPORT, or JESINPUT)):
-User
-Group
-ID(*) except RESTRICTED
users
22
23
24

(WHEN(PROGRAM)):
-User
-Group
-ID(*) except RESTRICTED
users
25
26
27
28
WARNING indicator on
Deny
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
(continued in
(continued in
729
Debugging
Deny
29
For data sets, if

CATDSNS(FAILURES) is on,
a special check can deny
the request.
Deny
For data sets, if

CATDSNS(FAILURES) is on,
a special check can deny
the request.
REQUEST=AUTH postprocessing exit (ICHRCX02)

could change existing return code to any other
(such as deny to pass, pass to deny, and so forth).
30
PROTECTALL(FAILURES)
31
Deny
Pass
For data sets,

PROTECTALL option sets
default return code.
NOPROTECTALL
or
PROTECTALL
(WARNING)
Return to RACF router
Authorizing Access to z/OS UNIX Files and Directories

To perform authorization checking for z/OS UNIX files and directories, RACF makes
the following checks. RACF stops processing when the request is granted or
denied.
Notes:
v The effective UID and effective GID of the process is used in determining access
decisions. The only exception is that when CREDFUNCTION is AFC_ACCESS, the real
UID and real GID are used. In other words, if file access is being tested, rather
than requested, the real UID and GID are used instead of the effective UID and
GID. The real and effective IDs are generally the same for a process, but if a
set-uid or set-gid program is executed, they can be different.
v If the requesting user is represented by an unauthenticated client ACEE, then
Steps 227 are performed first for the client, and then, if successful, for the
server. Both client and server must have access to the file in order for the
request to succeed.
1. The SAF callable services router exit (IRRSXT00) can grant or deny access
before RACF authorization processing occurs.
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Debugging
2. If the system (kernel) is the caller, then access is failed if either of the following
conditions occurs:
v The request includes execute authority for a file and execute authority
cannot be granted. In this condition, none of the permissions bits grant
execute access, and, if an ACL is present and the FSSEC class is active, no
ACL entry grants execute access.
v Security label authorization checking fails. In this condition, the SECLABEL
class is active, the object being accessed is a directory, the directorys
SECLABEL is not SYSMULTI, and the CRED contains a SECLABEL.
Otherwise, access is granted.
3. If the SECLABEL class is not active, then go to Step 14.
4. If the user has the TRUSTED or PRIVILEGED attribute, then access is granted
automatically unless the user is executing a file. If the user is executing a file,
access is denied only if none of the permissions bits grant execute access,
and, if an ACL is present and the FSSEC class is active, no ACL entry grants
execute access. Otherwise, access is granted.
5. If the user has the RACF AUDITOR attribute, and has read or search access
for a directory is requested, access is granted.
6. If SETROPTS MLFSOBJ is active and the file does not have a security label,
the request is failed.
7. If SETROPTS MLS is active, and the user has a security label but the file does
not, and write access is explicitly requested but the user is not in write-down
mode, then the request is failed.
8. If the file has a security label but the user does not, then the request is failed.
9. If the users security label is equivalent to the security label of the file (this
condition is also satisfied if either security label is SYSMULTI), then continue
at Step 15.
10. If ANY access is requested, then two security label dominance checks
(RACROUTE REQUEST=DIRAUTH) are performed: one for READ and one for
WRITE. If either succeeds, then continue at Step 15. Otherwise, the request is
failed.
11. If the user is requesting write access along with read or search/execute
access, then a READWRITE dominance check is performed. If it succeeds,
then continue at Step 15. Otherwise, the request is failed.
12. If the user is requesting only read or search/execute access, then a READ
dominance check is performed. If it succeeds, then continue at Step 15.
Otherwise, the request is failed.
13. If the user is requesting only write access, then a WRITE dominance check is
performed. If it succeeds, then continue at Step 15. Otherwise, the request is
failed.
14. If the user has the RACF AUDITOR attribute, and read or search access for a
directory is requested, access is granted.
15. If the user has UID(0), then access is granted automatically unless the user is
executing a file. If the user is executing a file, access is denied only if none of
the permissions bits grant execute access, and, if an ACL is present and the
FSSEC class is active, no ACL entry grants execute access. Otherwise,
access is granted.
16. If the UID matches the file owner UID, the files owner permission bits are
checked. If the owner bits allow the requested access, then access is
granted. Otherwise, go to Step 26 on page 732.
731
Debugging
17. If the FSSEC class is active, and an ACL exists, and there is an ACL entry for
the requesting UID, then the permission bits of that ACL entry are checked. If
the ACL entry allows the requested access, then access is granted. Otherwise,
go to Step 25.
18. If the GID matches the file owner GID, the files group permission bits are
checked. If the group bits allow the requested access, then access is
granted.
the requesting GID, then the permission bits of that ACL entry are checked. If
the ACL entry allows the requested access, then access is granted. If not, then
the next ACL entry is checked until there are no more entries.
20. If any of the users supplemental GIDs match the file owner GID, the files
group permission bits are checked. If the group bits allow the requested
access, then access is granted.
any of the users supplemental GIDs, then the permission bits of that ACL
entry are checked. If the ACL entry allows the requested access, then access
is granted. If not, then the next ACL entry is checked until there are no more
entries.
22. If at least one matching ACL entry was found for the GID, or any of the
supplemental GIDs, then processing continues with Step 25. If the GID, or any
of the supplemental GIDs, matched the file owner GID, then processing
continues with Step 26. Otherwise (neither the GID nor any of the
supplemental GIDs matched either the file owner GID or an ACL entry),
processing continues with the next step.
23. If the requesting user has the RESTRICTED attribute, and the UNIXPRIV class
is active and RACLISTed, and the RESTRICTED.FILESYS.ACCESS resource
is protected by a profile in the UNIXPRIV class, and the user does not have at
least READ access, then go to Step 26.
24. The files other permission bits are checked. If the other bits allow the
requested access, then access is granted. Otherwise, go to Step 26.
25. If the UNIXPRIV class is active and RACLISTed, and if the
SUPERUSER.FILESYS.ACLOVERRIDE resource is protected by a profile in
the UNIXPRIV class, then the user must have the correct access level as
documented for the ck_access (IRRSKA00) callable service in z/OS Security
Server RACF Callable Services. If the profile exists, it determines whether file
access is granted or denied.
26. If the UNIXPRIV class is active and RACLISTed, and if the
SUPERUSER.FILESYS resource is protected by a profile in the UNIXPRIV
class, then the user must have the correct access level as documented for the
ck_access (IRRSKA00) callable service in z/OS Security Server RACF Callable
Services. If the profile exists, it determines whether file access is granted or
denied.
27. Access is denied.
28. The SAF callable services router exit (IRRSXT00) can grant or deny access
after RACF authorization processing occurs.
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Terminals

When a RACF-defined user logs on to TSO or signs on to IMS or CICS using a
terminal protected by a profile in the TERMINAL or GTERMINL class and the
TERMINAL class is active, RACF performs authorization checking to verify that the
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Debugging
user is permitted use of the terminal. RACF performs this authorization checking
during REQUEST=VERIFY processing at the same time as it performs user
identification and verification.
RACF performs terminal authorization checking in the following sequence:
succeeds, RACF authorization checking continues with the next step.
2. If the requesting user has at least READ access authority to the terminal, RACF
processing continues at Step 5. If the users access authority is NONE, RACF
denies use of the terminal and stops terminal authorization checking.
3. If the requesting users current connect group (or, if you activate list-of-groups
checking, one of the users other connect groups) has at least READ access
authority to the terminal, RACF processing continues at Step 5. If the groups
access authority is NONE, RACF denies use of the terminal and stops terminal
4. If the profile has a universal access authority (UACC) of at least READ and your
installation has not specified NOTERMUACC for the users current connect
group, RACF processing continues at Step 5. Otherwise, RACF denies use of
the terminal and stops terminal authorization checking.
Note: For defined terminals, you can specify the universal access authority
(UACC) with the RDEFINE or RALTER command. For undefined
terminals, you can specify the universal access authority with the
TERMUACC operand of the SETROPTS command.
For more information, see Limiting Specific Groups of Users to Specific
Terminals on page 237.
5. If your installation authorizes the use of the terminal on this particular day and
time, RACF grants access to the terminal. (You can specify the terminal time
and day-of-week restrictions with the RDEFINE and RALTER commands.)
RACF also checks whether your installation has authorized the user to access
the system on this particular day and time. (You can specify the user time and
day-of-week restrictions with the ADDUSER and ALTUSER commands.)
Notes:
1. The REQUEST=AUTH and REQUEST=VERIFY preprocessing and
postprocessing exit routines are available during terminal authorization
checking.
2. Global access checking is not available during terminal authorization checking
performed by REQUEST=VERIFY.
3. Profiles in the GTERMINL class are ignored unless SETROPTS RACLIST
processing is in effect.
Authorizing Access to Consoles, JES Input Devices, APPC Partner

LUs, or IP Addresses
When a RACF-defined user logs on to a JES or MCS console, submits a batch job
from a JES input device, submits an APPC request from a partner LU, or accesses
the network through an IP address, RACF can perform authorization checking to
verify that the user is permitted use of the RACF-protected console, JES input
device, partner LU, or IP address. RACF performs this authorization checking
during REQUEST=VERIFY processing at the same time as it performs user
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Debugging
identification and verification. For RACF to perform this authorization checking, your
installation must activate the appropriate class, as follows:
v For JES or MCS consoles, activate the CONSOLE class.
v For JES input devices, activate the JESINPUT class.
v For APPC partner LUs, activate the APPCPORT class.
v For IP addresses, activate the SERVAUTH class.
The resource must be protected by a profile in the appropriate class. If no profile
exists for the resource, RACF fails the request.
Notes:
1. If the resource is a terminal, console, partner LU, JES writer, or IP address,
RACF compares the security level of the user with the security level of the
resource. If the resource has a higher security level than the user, RACF denies
the request. For a terminal session, the security level that RACF uses for the
user is the lower of the users SECLEVEL and the terminals SECLEVEL. Thus,
if the terminal has a SECLEVEL of 50 and the user has a SECLEVEL of 100,
the user cannot access through that terminal any data that has a SECLEVEL of
over 50.
2. RACF compares the list of security categories in the users profile with the list of
security categories in the resources profile. If RACF finds any security category
in the resource profile that is not in the users profile, RACF denies the request.
If RACF does not deny the request, RACF continues with authorization
processing. If there are no categories in the resource profile, RACF continues
with authorization processing.
The rest of this section uses the term device authorization checking to refer to the
authorization checking done for any of the above resources.
RACF performs device authorization checking in the following sequence:
succeeds, RACF authorization checking continues with the next step.
2. If the requesting user has at least READ access authority to the device, RACF
grants the request with no further processing. If the users access authority is
NONE, RACF denies use of the device and stops device authorization checking.
If the requesting user is not in the access list, device authorization checking
continues with the next step.
3. If the requesting users current connect group (or, if you activate list-of-groups
checking, one of the users other connect groups) has at least READ access
authority to the device, RACF grants the request with no further processing. If
the groups access authority is NONE, RACF denies use of the device and
stops device authorization checking. If the group is not in the access list, device
authorization checking continues with the next step.
4. If the profile has a universal access authority (UACC) of at least READ, RACF
grants the request with no further processing. Otherwise, RACF denies use of
the device and stops device authorization checking.
Notes:
a. The TERMUACC operand of the SETROPTS command has no effect on
consoles or JES input devices.
b. You cannot specify time or day-of-week restrictions for consoles or JES
input devices. (You can specify user time and day-of-week restrictions with
the ADDUSER and ALTUSER commands.)
734
Debugging
Notes:
postprocessing exit routines are available during device authorization checking.
2. Global access checking is not available during device authorization checking
performed by REQUEST=VERIFY.
Authorization Checking for RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH

Requests
Some resource managers, such as CICS, have high performance requirements. In
order to do resource authorization checking with RACF, they use RACF facilities to
load all of the profiles for a given class into the users storage area or into a
common storage area called a data space. The resource managers can do a fast
authorization check against profiles in the users storage, or profiles in the data
space, or both.
See z/OS Security Server RACF System Programmers Guide for information about
processing RACLISTed profiles. See z/OS Security Server RACROUTE Macro
Reference for information on using RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST to place profiles
in storage.
Fast authorization checking is different from normal authorization checking as
follows:
v The privileged and trusted attributes are ignored.
v The global access checking table is not used.
v Security labels are only used for READ and READWRITE MAC (mandatory
access checking) requests.
v WHEN(PROGRAM) conditional access checking is done for SERVAUTH class
resources.
v If reverification is required for the transaction (IMS only), the user must also enter
the SIGN ON password with the transaction request.
Note: For details on using RACF to provide security for CICS, see the CICS RACF
Security Guide.
Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected Applications

You can control access to some applications (for example, IMS and CICS regions)
by defining them to RACF as resources in the APPL class. When the user attempts
to sign on the application, the application uses RACF to verify the users identity
and his authority to use that application. RACF does an authorization check to
determine the users authorization to the application.
v If there is a matching profile in the APPL class, RACF performs normal
authorization checking as described in Authorizing Access to RACF-Protected
Resources on page 720.
v If there is no matching profile in the APPL class, RACF allows the user to access
the application.
Notes:
postprocessing exit routines are available during application authorization
checking.
2. Global access checking is not available during application authorization
checking performed by REQUEST=VERIFY.
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Debugging
3. See Chapter 16, RACF and Information Management System (IMS), on page
455 for more information on how to protect IMS with RACF.
4. See CICS RACF Security Guide for information on how to protect CICS with
RACF.
Security Label Authorization Checking

Note: This sequence of authorization checks begins in one of the sequences in
Authorization Checking for RACF-Protected Resources on page 719.
When the SECLABEL class is active on your system, and a user or job requests
access to a resource, RACF compares the security label of the user with the
security label of the resource. For a general description of these comparisons, see
Comparing Security Labels on page 99.
1. If the user requesting access does not have a security label and the resource
does have a security label, RACF fails the request.
2. If the SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) option is in effect and the resource
does not have a security label associated with it, and the resource class is
DATASET or another class that requires security labels as defined in the class
descriptor table (CDT), RACF fails the request.
3. If the SETROPTS MLACTIVE(WARNING) option is in effect, RACF makes the
same checks as in Step 2. If the access check fails because the resource does
not have a security label, RACF issues a warning message and grants the
request.
4. If the SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) option is in effect, RACF makes the tests
shown in Table 67 on page 738 and fails the request if the test fails.
If the SETROPTS COMPATMODE option is in effect, RACF checks to see if the
users UTOKEN indicates that the ACEE was created with an older protocol
(pre-RACF 1.9.0). If both are true, then RACF checks to see if the user has
access to a security label that could allow the requested access to the resource.
v If the user has no access to any such security label, RACF fails the request.
v If the user does have access to such a security label, RACF continues
authorization checking and logs the request.
5. If the SETROPTS MLS(WARNING) option is in effect for this resource class,
RACF makes the same checks as in Step 4. If any test fails the request, RACF
issues a warning message and grants the request.
6. If the SETROPTS NOMLS option is in effect, RACF makes the tests shown in
Table 68 on page 738 and fails the request if the test fails.
If the SETROPTS COMPATMODE option is in effect, RACF checks to see if the
users UTOKEN indicates that the ACEE was created with an older protocol
(pre-RACF 1.9.0). If both are true, then RACF checks to see if the user has
access to a security label that could allow the requested access to the resource.
v If the user has no access to any such security label, RACF fails the request.
v If the user does have access to such a security label, RACF continues
authorization checking and logs the request.
If the resource is a JES spool data set, RACF uses the security label in the token
associated with the data set (specified on the RTOKEN parameter of the
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH macro). Otherwise, RACF uses the security label
kept in the resource profile protecting the resource, in the FSP for files, or in the
ISP for IPC objects.
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Debugging
Types of Security Label Authorization Checking

When the SECLABEL class is active on your system, RACF authorization checking
uses mandatory access control (MAC), rather than discretionary access controls
(DAC). (See Characteristics of a Multilevel-Secure Environment on page 11.)
There are three types of MAC for security label authorization checking. The type of
checking used for a particular resource depends on how the resource class is
defined in the class descriptor table (CDT).
Table 66 lists the mandatory access control (MAC) authorization types defined in
the class descriptor table (CDT), and specifies the relationship that must exist
between the users security label and the security label of the resource in order for
the security label authorization to be successful.
Table 66. Required Relationship Between Security Levels for Each MAC Checking Type
Type of MAC
checking
Relationship between security labels
normal MAC
The security label of the user must dominate the security label of the
resource in order for the user to be granted access to the resource.
This is the default attribute in the class descriptor table and is in
effect when neither RVRSMAC nor EQUALMAC is defined as an
attribute.
reverse MAC
The security label of the resource must dominate the security label
of the user in order for the user to be granted access to the
resource. This is defined by the RVRSMAC attribute in the class
descriptor table.
equal MAC
The security label of the user and the security label of the resource
must be equivalent in order for the user to be granted access to the
resource. This is defined by the EQUALMAC attribute in the class
descriptor table.
The MAC authorization types described in Table 66 are used for the following levels
of authorization request for resource access. (See Security Labels on page 96 for
descriptions and examples of each requested access level.)
v Read-only
v Read-write
v Write-only
The security label relationships for each MAC authorization type are applied
differently depending on the setting of the SETROPTS MLS option. See
Authorization Summary for SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) and MLS(WARNINGS)
and Authorization Summary for SETROPTS NOMLS on page 738.
Authorization Summary for SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) and

MLS(WARNINGS)
Table 67 on page 738 shows the required relationship that must exist between the
users security label and the security label of the resource in order for user to gain
access to the resource while the SECLABEL class is active and SETROPTS
MLS(FAILURES) or MLS(WARNING) is in effect, based on the type of MAC
checking and the requested access level.
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Debugging
Table 67. Security label authorization checking when SECLABEL class is active and either
SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) or MLS(WARNING) is in effect
Requested access
level
Normal MAC
Reverse MAC
Equal MAC
Read-only
User dominant
Resource dominant
Equivalent
Equivalent
Equivalent
Read-write
Write-only
Equivalent
Resource dominant
Unpredictable
Equivalent
Notes:
1
z/OS does not support write-only requests for data sets or tape volumes. All write-only
requests are tested as both read-only and write-only requests. Therefore, the security
labels must be equivalent.
2
Users can not write to a resource that has a lower security label than the users current
security label. This inability to write-down is enforced when SETROPTS
MLS(FAILURES) is in effect to ensure that a user does not declassify data.
3
The test for write-only is not supported for classes defined with the reverse MAC
attribute.
Authorization Summary for SETROPTS NOMLS

Table 68 shows the required relationship that must exist between the users security
label and the security label of the resource in order for user to gain access to the
resource while the SECLABEL class is active and SETROPTS NOMLS is in effect,
or the user is in write-down mode, based on the type of MAC checking and the
requested access level.
Table 68. Security label authorization checking when SECLABEL class is active and either
SETROPTS NOMLS is in effect or the user is in write-down mode.
Requested access
level
Read-only
Read-write
Write-only
Normal MAC
Reverse MAC
Equal MAC
User dominant2
Resource dominant
Equivalent
Resource dominant
Equivalent
User dominant
User dominant or
resource dominant
Unpredictable
Equivalent
Notes:
1
z/OS does not support write-only requests for data sets or tape volumes. All write-only
requests are tested as both read-only and write-only requests. Therefore, the security
labels must be equivalent.
2
If SETROPTS MLS(WARNING) is active instead of NOMLS in these cases, an ICH408I
warning message is written to the security console.
3
The test for write-only is not supported for classes defined with the reverse MAC
attribute.
Authorization Summary for SETROPTS MLACTIVE

Table 69 on page 739 describes the results of security label authorization when the
SECLABEL class is active and either the users or resources security label is
missing. The results vary depending on the SETROPTS MLACTIVE setting and
whether or not the resource class being checked requires security labels. The
supplied class descriptor table (ICHRRCDX) specifies which resource classes
require security labels. For a listing of the supplied class descriptor table (CDT)
entries, see the z/OS Security Server RACF Macros and Interfaces.
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Debugging
Attention: Do not issue the SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) command unless
you have assigned appropriate security labels to users and to the resources that
they must access. To recover from such a situation, logon as a user with the
SPECIAL attribute, specifying SYSHIGH as the current security label. Then either
assign security labels, or issue SETROPTS NOMLACTIVE. If you turn on
MLACTIVE and do not correctly define all profiles that need security labels, IPL
failures or other serious problems can occur. Therefore, it is recommended that you:
v Back up your RACF database with a database that you know you can IPL to.
v Define new system profiles (including classes such as DATASET, TERMINAL,
TAPEVOL, APPL or any other that has SLBLREQ=YES in the class descriptor
table) and ensure it has the correct security label.
v Turn MLACTIVE on in WARNING mode.
v Watch out for relevant warning messages.
Table 69. Effects of MLACTIVE Settings on Security Label Authorization
Missing user
security label
(resource security
label is present)
Missing resource
security label (user
security label is
present)
Missing both user

and resource
security labels
MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and resource class

requires security labels
Fail1
Fail
Fail1
MLACTIVE(WARNING) and resource class

requires security labels
Fail
Pass and warning

message sent to
security console
Pass and warning

message sent to
security console
NOMLACTIVE and resource class requires

security labels
Fail
Pass
Pass
MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and resource class

does not require security labels
Fail1
Pass
Pass1
MLACTIVE(WARNING) and resource class

does not require security labels
Fail
Pass
Pass
NOMLACTIVE and resource class does not

require security labels
Fail
Pass
Pass
Environment
Note: 1 In these cases, the user has a missing security label while SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) is in effect
because the user logged in without a security label before SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) was activated.
Authorization requests are passed or failed according to the entries in Table 69. If such a user attempts to log on to
the system while SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) was in effect, the user is not allowed to log on unless the user
has access to the SYSLOW security label. Users who have access to SYSLOW at logon time when
MLACTIVE(FAILURES) is active will be assigned and run with SYSLOW.
Special Access Rule for SPECIAL Users

If SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES) are active,
a SPECIAL user logged on with the security label SYSHIGH is allowed to access
resources as if SETROPTS MLS(WARNING) and MLACTIVE(WARNING) were both
in effect. In this case, RACF issues warning messages instead of failing the
requests. If SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES)
have been turned on without sufficient preparation, such as without assigning
security labels to resources, this special access rule enables the security
administrator to access resources on the system.
Restriction: To prevent inadvertent declassifications or write-downs, read-only
access to resources is allowed with a warning message, while write accesses fail.
For more information about authorizing users with the write-down privilege, see
Controlling the write-down Privilege on page 103.
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Debugging
Relationships among the SECLABEL class, SETROPTS

MLS(FAILURES), SETROPTS MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and SETROPTS
MLQUIET
Table 70 shows the relationships of the SECLABEL class and the SETROPTS MLS,
MLACTIVE(FAILURES) and MLQUIET options.
Table 70. Relationships among the SECLABEL class, SETROPTS MLS(FAILURES), SETROPTS
MLACTIVE(FAILURES), and SETROPTS MLQUIET
SECLABEL
class
MLS
(FAILURES)
MLACTIVE
(FAILURES)
MLQUIET
Effect
Inactive
Off
Off
Off
Security labels have no effect on authorization

checking.
Active
Off
Off
Off
RACF uses security labels and allows writing to

a lower security label.
Active
On
Off
Off
RACF uses security labels and prevents writing

to a lower security label (no write down).
Active
On
On
Off
All resources must be labeled, RACF uses

security labels, and RACF prevents writing to a
lower security label.
Active
Off
On
Off
Those resources required to have security

labels by definition in the class descriptor table
(CDT), resources in the DATASET class, and
users must have security labels.
Active
Either
Either
On1
All attempts to access the system or resources

fail (unless the attempt is made by the trusted
computing base, a security administrator, or a
console operator).
Note:
To activate SETROPTS MLQUIET, you must also enable SETROPTS MLSTABLE.
Problems with User ID Authentication

This section includes the following information:
v When Logon or Job Initialization Processing Takes Place and Why
v Logon/Job Initialization Processing on page 741
When Logon or Job Initialization Processing Takes Place and Why

When a user requests access to the system, the application controlling the users
access can issue the RACROUTE macro with REQUEST=VERIFY or
REQUEST=VERIFYX specified (or the RACINIT macro). For ease of reference, this
section calls any such a request a verify request, and the program issuing the
request is called an application.
Some of the places verify requests occur are:
v When interactive users log on (through TSO)
v When batch jobs are submitted through JES
v When NJE jobs or SYSOUT are received
v When APPC/MVS allocation requests are received
v When CICS, IMS, or NetView/Access Services allow users to sign on
v When other APF-authorized applications allow users to access the system
Based on the specifications on the verify request, RACF determines whether the
requesting user is authorized to enter the system.
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Debugging
v If the user is authorized to enter the system, RACF returns a successful return
code (return code 0) to the application. The application then allows the request to
complete.
v If the user is not authorized to enter the system, RACF returns an unauthorized
return code (other than 0) to the application. In general, the application then fails
the request.
Notes:
1. The REQUEST=VERIFY and REQUEST=VERIFYX preprocessing and
postprocessing exit routines are available during verification processing.
2. RACF authorization checks can be requested by RACF or the application (for
example, to determine if a user is authorized to use a particular terminal).
REQUEST=AUTH preprocessing and postprocessing exits are available during
this authorization processing.
3. SMF log records or messages can be generated. (Failures are always recorded.
Successes can be recorded if the application requests it on the
REQUEST=VERIFY request).
Logon/Job Initialization Processing

When users cannot log on (or jobs cannot be initiated) or started procedures fail,
check the following:
v For all types of users and jobs, check for an authorization message that indicates
the cause of the failure, such as:
User profile not defined
User ID revoked
Invalid or no password
Invalid group name
Invalid or no security label (depending on RACF options)
Attempt to change password when RACF is in read-only mode or when the
RACF database is locked
If the applications message does not clearly indicate the source of the problem,
check the RACF message. This message (ICH408I or ICH409I) may provide
more information.
Notes:
1. You can find the message in one of the following places:
The users terminal
The job log
The security console
The system log
Also, equivalent information is in audit records generated by RACF. Some
information might be in audit records generated by the caller of RACF.
2. For NJE jobs and SYSOUT, be aware that NODES profiles can cause the
user ID, connect group, and security label to be translated to local values.
3. For NJE jobs, if password verification is required by the NODES profile used
to verify the user ID, any password sent with the job must be the password
associated with the user ID on the execution node.
4. If the ICH408I message indicates that access was denied because of a
revoked user ID, you may want to resume that user ID. Check if the user ID
is associated with the started procedure. If there was a user ID associated
with the started procedure, this started procedure could not have begun
successfully. After you resume the user ID, you must restart the started
procedure or re-IPL.
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Debugging
v REQUEST=VERIFY processing might do some RACF authorization checks for
the user. Also, the caller of RACF, or initial EXECs or procedures that are
invoked automatically might require RACF authorization checking.
See Table 71 to see which resource classes could be checked from various types
of sessions.
v Check if an installation exit is causing the problem. Candidates include:
The SAF exits
Exits in the caller of RACF, such as JES or TSO
The REQUEST=VERIFY exits
Table 71. Resource Classes Checked for Logon/Job Initialization Requests
Type of session
Classes that might be checked
TSO logons
TERMINAL, SECLABEL, TSOPROC, ACCTNUM,

PERFGRP, TSOAUTH, and (depending on the users TSO
logon procedure) DATASET or others
CICS signons
TERMINAL, SECLABEL, and APPL
IMS signons
TERMINAL, SECLABEL, and APPL
Operators logging on to MCS consoles
CONSOLE and SECLABEL
Batch jobs
JESINPUT, SECLABEL, JESJOBS, SURROGAT
Inbound NJE jobs
NODES, JESINPUT, SECLABEL, JESJOBS, SURROGAT
Inbound SYSOUT
NODES, JESINPUT, SECLABEL
RJE remote signons or logons
JESINPUT, SECLABEL, FACILITY (checks for existence

of RJE.userid profile)
For NJE and RJE remote (commands)
CONSOLE, NODES, SECLABEL, OPERCMDS, FACILITY

(for each command, a check is made against the
NJE.userid or RJE.userid profile in the FACILITY class)
MOUNT (MVS operator requests that a DASD device be

made active), system address space, and started
procedures
Check the STARTED class or started procedures table

(ICHRIN03) entry
APPC/MVS allocation requests
APPCPORT, APPCLU, APPCTP, APPCSERV, APPCSI,

SECLABEL, APPL, DATASET
742
Appendix G. Accessibility
Accessibility features help a user who has a physical disability, such as restricted
mobility or limited vision, to use software products successfully. The major
accessibility features in z/OS enable users to:
v Use assistive technologies such as screen readers and screen magnifier
software
v Operate specific or equivalent features using only the keyboard
v Customize display attributes such as color, contrast, and font size
Using assistive technologies

Assistive technology products, such as screen readers, function with the user
interfaces found in z/OS. Consult the assistive technology documentation for
specific information when using such products to access z/OS interfaces.
Keyboard navigation of the user interface

Users can access z/OS user interfaces using TSO/E or ISPF. Refer to z/OS TSO/E
Primer, z/OS TSO/E Users Guide, and z/OS ISPF Users Guide for information
about accessing TSO/E and ISPF interfaces. These guides describe how to use
TSO/E and ISPF, including the use of keyboard shortcuts or function keys (PF
keys). Each guide includes the default settings for the PF keys and explains how to
modify their functions.
z/OS information
z/OS information is accessible using screen readers with the BookServer/Library
Server versions of z/OS books in the Internet library at:
www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/bkserv/
One exception is command syntax that is published in railroad track format;

screen-readable copies of z/OS books with that syntax information are separately
available in HTML zipped file form upon request to [email protected].
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Notices
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746
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Notices
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RACF Glossary
This glossary defines technical terms and
abbreviations used in RACF documentation. If you
do not find the term you are looking for, refer to
the index of the appropriate RACF publication or
view IBM Glossary of Computing Terms, available
from: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/terminology.
Sequence of entries
For purposes of clarity and consistency of style,
this glossary arranges the entries alphabetically on
a letter-by-letter basis, which means:
v Only the letters of the alphabet are used to
determine sequence, and
v Special characters and spaces between words
are ignored.
Organization of entries
Each entry consists of:
v A single-word term,
v A multiple-word term,
v An abbreviation for a term, or
v An acronym for a term.
This entry is followed by a commentary, which
includes one or more items (definitions or
references) and is organized as follows:
1. An item number, if the commentary contains
two or more items.
2. A usage label, indicating the area of
application of the term, for example, In
programming, or In TCP/IP. Absence of a
usage label implies that the term is generally
applicable to IBM, or to data processing.
3. A descriptive phrase, stating the basic
meaning of the term. The descriptive phrase is
assumed to be preceded by the term is
defined as.... The part of speech being
defined is indicated by the opening words of
the descriptive phrase: To ... indicates a
verb, and Pertaining to ... indicates a
modifier. Any other wording indicates a noun
or noun phrase.
4. Annotative sentences, providing additional or
explanatory information.
5. References, pointing to other entries or items
in the dictionary.
References
The following cross-references are used in this
glossary:
v Contrast with: This refers to a term that has
an opposed or substantively different meaning.
v See: This refers the reader to (a) a related
term, (b) a term that is the expanded form of an
abbreviation or acronym, or (c) a synonym or
more preferred term.
v Synonym for: This indicates that the term has
the same meaning as a preferred term, which is
defined in its proper place in the glossary.
v Synonymous with: This is a reference from a
defined term to all other terms that have the
same meaning.
v Obsolete term for: This indicates that the term
should not be used and refers the reader to the
preferred term.
Selection of terms
A term is the word or group of words being
defined. In this glossary, the singular form of the
noun and the infinitive form of the verb are the
terms most often selected to be defined. If the
term has an acronym or abbreviation, it is given in
parentheses immediately following the term. The
abbreviations definition serves as a pointer to the
term it abbreviates, and the acronyms definition
serves as a pointer to the term it represents.
A
access. The ability to use a protected resource.
access authority. (1) The privileges granted to a
particular user or group when accessing a protected
resource (such as the ability to read or to update a data
set). For resources protected by RACF profiles, the
access authorities are NONE, EXECUTE, READ,
UPDATE, CONTROL, and ALTER. These authorities are
hierarchical, with READ also granting EXECUTE,
UPDATE granting READ, and so forth. (2) RACF also
has access authorities of READ, WRITE, and
EXECUTE (or SEARCH) when dealing with files and
directories in the HFS. Note that these authorities are
not hierarchical, and HFS files are not protected by
RACF profiles, although they do have access
authorities.
access ACL. An ACL that is used to provide protection
for a file system object.
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Glossary
access control. In computer security, ensuring that
the resources of a computer system can be accessed
only by authorized users in authorized ways.
APPC/MVS. The implementation of SNAs LU 6.2 and

related communication services in the MVS base control
program.
access control list (ACL). (1) In computer security, a

collection of all access rights for one object. In computer
security, a list associated with an object that identifies
all the subjects that can access the object and their
access rights; for example, a list associated with a file
that identifies users who can access the file and
identifies their access rights to that file. (2) In z/OS
UNIX, an extension to the base POSIX permission bits.
Similar to the access list of a RACF profile, an ACL for
a file system object contains entries that specify access
permissions for individual users and groups.
application identity mapping (AIM). Allows mapping

between RACF user IDs and various application
identities, such as those associated with z/OS UNIX,
Novell Directory Services, and Lotus Notes.
application programming interface (API). A software
interface that enables applications to communicate with
each other. An API is the set of programming language
constructs or statements that can be coded in an
application program to obtain the specific functions and
services provided by an underlying operating system or
service program.
ACL. See access control list.

access list. Synonym for standard access list.
Contrast with conditional access list.
ACEE. (accessor environment element) A control block
that contains a description of the current users security
environment, including user ID, current connect group,
user attributes, and group authorities. An ACEE is
constructed during user identification and verification.
See ENVR object.
application user identity. An alternate name by which

a RACF user can be known to an application.
appropriate privileges. Describes which users can
perform an action (such as execute a command, issue a
syscall, and so forth) in a UNIX environment. Usually
refers to having superuser authority or an appropriate
subset of superuser authority.
attribute. See user attribute and group-related user
attribute.
ADAU. See automatic direction of application updates.

ADSP. See automatic data set protection.
ADSP attribute. A user attribute that establishes an
environment in which all permanent DASD data sets
created by the user are automatically defined to RACF
and protected with a discrete profile. See automatic
data set protection.
Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
(APPC). A set of interprogram communication services
that support cooperative transaction processing in an
SNA network. APPC is the implementation, on a given
system, of SNAs LU type 6.2. See LU type 6.2 and
APPC/MVS.
AIM. See application identity mapping (AIM).
AUDIT request. The issuing of the RACROUTE macro

with REQUEST=AUDIT specified. An AUDIT request is
a general-purpose security request that a resource
manager can use to audit.
AUDITOR attribute. A user attribute that allows the
user to specify logging options on the RACF commands
and list any profile (including its auditing options) using
the RACF commands. Contrast with group-AUDITOR
attribute.
AUTH request. The issuing of the RACROUTE macro
with REQUEST=AUTH specified. The primary function
of an AUTH request is to check a users authorization to
a RACF-protected resource or function. The AUTH
request replaces the RACHECK function. See
APF-authorized. A type of system authorization using

the authorized program facility (APF) that allows an
installation to identify system or user programs that can
use sensitive system functions. To maintain system
security and integrity, a program must be authorized by
the APF before it can access restricted functions, such
as supervisor calls (SVC) or SVC paths.
authentication. (1) Verification of the identity of a user

or the users eligibility to access an object. (2)
Verification that a message has not been altered or
corrupted. (3) A process used to verify the user of an
information system or protected resources. See also
password.
API. See application programming interface.
authority. The right to access objects, resources, or

functions. See access authority, class authority, and
group authority.
APPC. See Advanced Program-to-Program

Communication.
APPC application. See transaction program (TP).
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authorization checking. The action of determining

whether a user is permitted access to a protected
resource. Authorization checking refers to the use of
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH, RACROUTE
REQUEST=FASTAUTH, or any of the RACF callable
Glossary
services unless otherwise stated. Note, however, that
other RACF functions can also perform authorization
checking as a part of their processing. For example,
RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY can also check a
users authority to use a terminal or application.
automatic command direction. An RRSF function
that enables RACF to automatically direct certain
commands to one or more remote nodes after running
the commands on the issuing node. Commands can be
automatically directed based on who issued the
command, the command name, or the profile class
related to the command. Profiles in the RRSFDATA
class control to which nodes commands are
automatically directed. See automatic direction of
application updates, automatic password direction, and
command direction.
automatic data set protection (ADSP). A system
function, enabled by the SETROPTS ADSP specification
and the assignment of the ADSP attribute to a user with
ADDUSER or ALTUSER, that causes all permanent
data sets created by the user to be automatically
defined to RACF with a discrete RACF profile.
automatic direction. See automatic command
direction, automatic password direction, and automatic
direction of application updates.
automatic direction of application updates. An
RRSF function that automatically directs ICHEINTY and
RACROUTE macros that update the RACF database to
one or more remote systems. Profiles in the RRSFDATA
class control which macros are automatically directed,
and to which nodes. See automatic command direction
and automatic password direction.
automatic password direction. An RRSF function
that extends password synchronization and automatic
command direction to cause RACF to automatically
change the password for a user ID on one or more
remote nodes after the password for that user ID is
changed on the local node. Profiles in the RRSFDATA
class control for which users and nodes passwords are
automatically directed. See password synchronization,
automatic command direction, and automatic direction
of application updates.
automatic profile. A tape volume profile that RACF
creates when a RACF-defined user protects a tape data
set. When the last data set on the volume is deleted,
RACF automatically deletes the tape volume profile.
Contrast with nonautomatic profile.
B
backup data set. A data set in the backup RACF
database. For each data set in the primary RACF
database, an installation should define a corresponding
backup data set. See backup RACF database.
backup RACF database. A RACF database that

reflects the contents of the primary RACF database.
Backup RACF databases may be designated in the
data set name table (ICHRDSNT) or specified at IPL
time. You can switch to a backup database without a
re-IPL if the primary RACF database fails. See primary
RACF database.
base ACL entry. Same as permission bits (owner,
group, other). The permissions can be changed using
chmod. They are not physically part of the ACL.
base segment. The portion of a RACF profile that
contains the fundamental information about a user,
group, or resource. The base segment contains
information that is common to all applications that use
the profile.
BER. This term represents the Basic Encoding Rules
specified in ISO 8825 for encoding data units described
in abstract syntax notation 1 (ASN.1). See also DER.
block update command (BLKUPD). A RACF
diagnostic command used to examine or modify the
content of individual physical records in a RACF data
set.
C
cache structure. A coupling facility structure that
contains data accessed by systems in a sysplex.
callable service. In z/OS UNIX, a request by an active
process for a service. Synonymous with syscall.
category. See security category.
CDMF. See Commercial Data Masking Facility.
CDT. See class descriptor table.
certificate. See digital certificate.
certificate authority. An organization that issues
digital certificates. The certificate authority authenticates
the certificate owners identity and the services that the
owner is authorized to use, issues new certificates,
renews existing certificates, and revokes certificates
belonging to users who are no longer authorized to use
them.
certificate-authority certificate. A type of certificate
managed by RACF. See digital certificate.
certificate name filter. A general resource profile
created by the RACDCERT MAP command that maps
multiple user IDs to a digital certificate in order to
simplify administration of certificates, conserve storage
space in the RACF database, maintain accountability, or
maintain access control granularity.
CICS. See Customer Information Control System.
RACF Glossary
751
Glossary
class. A collection of RACF-defined entities (users,
groups, and resources) with similar characteristics.
Classes are defined in the class descriptor table (CDT),
except for the USER, GROUP, and DATASET classes.
class authority (CLAUTH). An attribute enabling a
user to define RACF profiles in a class defined in the
class descriptor table. A user can have class authorities
to zero or more classes.
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class descriptor table (CDT). A table consisting of an

entry for each class except the USER, GROUP, and
DATASET classes. The CDT contains the classes
supplied by IBM and the installation-defined classes.
When this term appears without the preceding modifiers
dynamic or static, it refers to the combination of the
dynamic CDT, if it exists, and the static CDT.
classification model 1. See single-subsystem scope.
classification model 2. See multiple-subsystem
scope.
CLAUTH attribute. See class authority.
command direction. An RRSF function that allows a
user to issue a command from one user ID and direct
that command to run in the RACF address space on the
same system or on a different RRSF node, using the
same or a different user ID. Before a command can be
directed from one user ID to another, a user ID
association must be defined between them using the
RACLINK command.
command prefix facility (CPF). An MVS facility that
provides a registry for command prefixes. CPF ensures
that two or more subsystems do not have the same or
overlapping command prefixes for MVS operator
commands.
Commercial Data Masking Facility (CDMF). An
encryption function that uses a weaker key (40 bit) of
the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. RACF
uses CDMF to mask the data portion of RRSF
transaction processing message packets. CDMF is part
of the IBM Common Cryptographic Architecture.
common programming interface (CPI). An evolving
application programming interface (API), supplying
functions to meet the growing demands from different
application environments and to achieve openness as
an industry standard for communications programming.
CPI-C provides access to interprogram services such as
sending and receiving data, synchronizing processing
between programs, and notifying a partner of errors in
the communication.
conditional access list. The portion of a resource
profile that specifies the users and groups that may
access the resource at a specified level when a
specified condition is true. For example, with program
access to data sets, the condition is that the user must
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be executing the program specified in the access list.

Contrast with standard access list.
coordinator system. In a RACF data sharing group,
the system on which the system operator or
administrator enters a RACF command that is
propagated throughout the group. Contrast with peer
system.
coupling facility. The hardware element that provides
high-speed caching, list processing, and locking
functions in a sysplex.
CPF. See command prefix facility.
CPI-C. See common programming interface.
current connect group. The group specified by a
user when logging on to the system, or the users
default group if the user did not specify a group when
logging on. With SETROPTS NOGRPLIST in effect,
RACF uses the users authority and this groups
authority during access checking. With SETR GRPLIST
in effect, RACF includes the authority of the users other
groups, if any, but the user still has only one current
connect group. You can use the &RACGPID variable in
members of GLOBAL profiles to refer to the users
current security label. The security label that RACF
uses in RACF authorization checking if the SECLABEL
class is active. For interactive users, this is the security
label specified when the user logged on, or (if no
security label was specified) the default security label in
the users user profile. For batch jobs, this is the
security label specified in the SECLABEL operand of
the JOB statement, or (if no security label was
specified) the users current security label in the user
profile associated with the job.
Customer Information Control System (CICS). A
program licensed by IBM that provides online
transaction processing services and management for
critical business applications. CICS runs on many
platforms (from the desktop to the mainframe) and is
used in various types of networks that range in size
from a few terminals to many thousands of terminals.
The CICS application programming interface (API)
enables programmers to port applications among the
hardware and software platforms on which CICS is
available. Each product in the CICS family can interface
with the other products in the CICS family, thus enabling
interproduct communication.
D
DASDVOL authority. A preferred alternative to
assigning the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS
attribute, DASDVOL authority allows you to authorize
operations personnel to access only those volumes that
they must maintain. Using DASDVOL authority is also
more efficient for functions such as volume dumping,
Glossary
because only one authorization check for the volume
needs to be issued, instead of individual requests for
each data set on the volume. Note that modern data
management software (such as DFSMSdss) does not
require DASDVOL authority. Contrast with
OPERATIONS attribute, and group-OPERATIONS
attribute.
Data Lookaside Facility (DLF). A facility that
processes DLF objects. A DLF object contains data from
a single data set managed by Hiperbatch. The user (an
application program) is connected to the DLF object,
and the connected user can then access the data in the
object through normal QSAM or VSAM macro
instructions.
data security. The protection of data from intentional
or unintentional unauthorized disclosure, modification, or
destruction.
data security monitor (DSMON). A RACF auditing
tool that produces reports enabling an installation to
verify its basic system integrity and data security
controls.
data set profile. A profile that provides RACF
protection for one or more data sets. The information in
the profile can include the data set profile name, profile
owner, universal access authority, access list, and other
data. See discrete profile and generic profile.
data sharing group, RACF. A collection of one or
more instances of RACF in a sysplex that have been
identified to XCF and assigned to the group defined for
RACF sysplex data sharing. RACF joins group
IRRXCF00 when enabled for sysplex communication.
data sharing mode. An operational RACF mode that
is available when RACF is enabled for sysplex
communication. Data sharing mode requires installation
of coupling facility hardware.
DB2 administrative authority. A set of privileges,
often covering a related set of objects, and often
including privileges that are not explicit, have no name,
and cannot be specifically granted. For example, the
ability to terminate any utility job is included in the
SYSOPR authority.
DB2 explicit privilege. A privilege that has a name,
and is held as the result of an SQL GRANT statement.
DCE. See Distributed Computing Environment.
default ACL. An ACL that is specifically associated
with a directory, and which gets inherited by an object
created within the directory.
default group. The group specified in a user profile
that provides a default current connect group for the
user. See current connect group.
DEFINE request. The issuing of the RACROUTE

macro with REQUEST=DEFINE specified or using a
RACF command to add or delete a resource profile
causes a DEFINE request. The DEFINE request
replaces the RACDEF function.
delegation. The act of giving users or groups the
necessary authority to perform RACF operations.
DER. This term represents the Distinguished Encoding
Rules, which are a subset of the Basic Encoding Rules.
See also BER.
digital certificate. A digital document that binds a
public key to the identity of the certificate owner, thereby
enabling the certificate owner to be authenticated. A
certificate is issued by a certificate authority.
RACF can manage three types of digital certificates:
v Certificate-authority certificate. A certificate
associated with a certificate authority and is used to
verify signatures in other certificates.
v Site certificate. A certificate associated with a server,
or network entity other than a user or certificate
authority.
v User certificate. A certificate associated with a
RACF user ID that is used to authenticate the users
identity, and may also be used to represent a server.
DIRAUTH request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=DIRAUTH specified. A DIRAUTH
request works on behalf of the message-transmission
managers to ensure that the receiver of a message
meets security-label authorization requirements.
directed command. A RACF command that is issued
from a user ID on an RRSF node. It runs in the RACF
subsystem address space on the same or a different
RRSF node under the authority of the same or a
different user ID. A directed command is one that
specifies AT or ONLYAT. See command direction and
automatic command direction.
directory default ACL. A model ACL that gets
inherited by subdirectories that are created within the
parent directory.
directory model ACL. See directory default ACL.
discrete profile. A resource profile that provides
RACF protection for a single resource. Contrast with
generic profile and fully-qualified generic profile.
discretionary access control. An access control
environment in which the resource owner determines
who can access the resource. Contrast with mandatory
access control.
disjoint. Pertaining to security labels, when the set of
security categories that defines the first does not include
the set of security categories that defines the second,
and the set of security categories that defines the
second does not include the set of security categories
RACF Glossary
753
Glossary
that defines the first. This also means that the first does
not dominate the second and the second does not
dominate the first. See dominate.
EIM domain. An LDAP name space that contains the

enterprise identifiers, registry users, and relationships or
associations between them.
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). The

Open Group specification (or a product derived from this
specification) that assists in networking. DCE provides
such functions as authentication, directory service (DS),
and remote procedure call (RPC).
Enterprise identity mapping (EIM). An infrastructure

that user administration applications, servers, operating
systems, and auditing tools can use to store identity
mappings in a centralized, distributed registry (LDAP).
The information is stored in LDAP to allow one user ID
to be mapped to another (as long as the identities
belong to the same application) using this support.
DLF object. When Data Lookaside Facility (DLF) is

active, the first attempt to access a QSAM or VSAM
data set defined to DLF creates a DLF object. A DLF
object contains data from a single data set managed by
Hiperbatch. The user (an application program) is
connected to the DLF object, and the connected user
can then access the data in the object through normal
QSAM or VSAM macro instructions.
dominate. One security label dominates a second
security label when the security level that defines the
first is equal to or greater than the security level that
defines the second, and the set of security categories
that defines the first includes the set of security
categories that defines the second. A security label
dominates itself since comparison of a security label
with itself meets this definition.
DSMON. See data security monitor.
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dynamic CDT. An optional portion of the class

descriptor table that contains RACF classes built from
profiles in the CDT general resource class. It does not
include the required classes that comprise the supplied
CDT (module ICHRRCDX) nor the optional classes that
comprise the installation-defined CDT (module
ICHRRCDE), if it exists. The dynamic CDT is processed
as a logical extension of the static CDT. See also static
CDT.
ENVR object. A transportable form of the ACEE that

can be used within a single system to create the original
ACEE without accessing the RACF database. It can be
used, with limits, elsewhere in a single sysplex to
recreate the original ACEE without accessing the RACF
database.
equivalence. Two security labels that contain the
same security level and the same set of categories are
considered equivalent, with each being dominated by
and dominating the other.
erase-on-scratch. The physical overwriting of data on
a DASD data set when the data set is deleted
(scratched).
extended ACL entry. An ACL entry for an individual
user or group.
EXTRACT request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=EXTRACT specified. An
EXTRACT request retrieves or replaces certain
specified fields from a RACF profile or encodes certain
clear-text (readable) data. The EXTRACT request
replaces the RACXTRT function.
effective group identifier (effective GID). When the

user connects to the system (for example, logs on to a
TSO/E session), one group is selected as the users
current group. When a user becomes a z/OS UNIX
user, the GID of the users current group becomes the
effective GID of the users process. The user can
access resources available to members of the users
effective GID. See group identifier (GID) and contrast
with real GID.
effective user identifier (effective UID). When a user
becomes a z/OS UNIX user, the UID from the users
RACF user profile becomes the effective UID of the
users process. The system uses the effective UID to
determine if the user is a file owner. See user identifier
(UID) and contrast with real UID.
EIM. See Enterprise identity mapping.
754
entity. A user, group, or resource (for example, a

DASD data set) that is defined to RACF.
failsoft processing. (1) Processing that occurs when

no data sets in the primary RACF database are
available (RACF is installed but inactive). RACF cannot
make decisions to grant or deny access. The operator is
prompted frequently to grant or deny access to data
sets. The resource manager decides on the action for
general resource classes with a return code of 4. (2)
Failsoft processing can also occur as the result of
RVARY INACTIVE (temporary failsoft) or as the result of
a serious system error requiring a re-IPL (permanent
failsoft).
FASTAUTH request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=FASTAUTH specified. The
primary function of a FASTAUTH request is to check a
users authorization to a RACF-protected resource or
function. A FASTAUTH request uses only in-storage
profiles (brought into storage using RACF functions
such as RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST) for faster
Glossary
performance than an AUTH request. The FASTAUTH
request replaces the FRACHECK function. See
(CDT). General resources include DASD volumes, tape

volumes, load modules, terminals, IMS and CICS
transactions, and installation-defined resource classes.
field-level access checking. The RACF facility by

which a security administrator can control access to
segments, other than the base segment, in a RACF
profile and fields in those segments.
general resource profile. A profile that provides

RACF protection for one or more general resources.
The information in the profile can include the general
resource profile name, profile owner, universal access
authority, access list, and other data.
file default ACL. A model ACL that is inherited by files

that are created within the parent directory.
file model ACL. See file default ACL.
file permission bits. In z/OS UNIX, information about
a file that is used, along with other information, to
determine if a process has read, write, or
execute/search permission to a file or directory. The bits
are divided into three parts, which are owner, group,
and other.
file security packet (FSP). In z/OS UNIX, a control
block containing the security data (files owner user
identifier (UID), owner group identifier (GID), and the
permission bits) associated with the file. This data is
stored with the file in the file system.
file system object. Used to generically refer to either
a file or directory.
file transfer protocol (FTP). In the Internet suite of
TCP/IP-related protocols, an application-layer protocol
that transfers bulk-data files between machines or
hosts.
FMID. See function modification identifier.
FRACHECK request. RACROUTE
REQUEST=FASTAUTH replaces the FRACHECK
function. See FASTAUTH request.
FSP. See file security packet.
FTP. See File Transfer Protocol.
fully-qualified generic profile. A DATASET profile
that was defined using the GENERIC operand and has
a name that contains no generic characters. A
fully-qualified generic profile protects only resources
whose names exactly match the name of the profile.
Contrast with discrete profile and generic profile.
function modification identifier (FMID). A
7-character identifier that is used in elements associated
with z/OS and OS/390 to identify the release of the
element.
G
GDG. See generation data group.
general resource. Any resource, other than an MVS
data set, that is defined in the class descriptor table
general user. A user who has limited RACF privileges,

such as logging on, accessing resources, and creating
data sets. General users typically use and create
RACF-protected resources, but have no authority to
administer resources other than their own.
generation data group (GDG). A collection of data
sets with the same base name, such as PAYROLL, that
are kept in chronological order. Each data set in the
GDG is called a generation data set, and has a name
such as PAYROLL.G0001V00, PAYROLL.G0002V00,
and so forth.
generic profile. A resource profile that can provide
RACF protection for zero or more resources. The
resources protected by a generic profile have similar
names and identical security requirements, though with
RACFVARS, a generic profile can protect resources
with dissimilar names, too. For example, a generic data
set profile can protect one or more data sets. Contrast
with discrete profile.
global access checking. The ability to allow an
installation to establish an in-storage table of default
values for authorization levels for selected resources.
RACF refers to this table before performing normal
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH processing and grants
the request without performing an AUTH request if the
requested access authority does not exceed the global
value. RACF uses this table to process AUTH requests
faster and with less overhead (no checking of access
lists, no auditing) when you have resources for which
you decide to grant access to all users, except those
with restricted user IDs. If the requested access does
not exceed the access granted by the table, RACF
bypasses most of its normal AUTH processing. Global
access checking can grant the user access to the
resource, but it cannot deny access.
global resource serialization. A mechanism using
ENQ with the SYSTEMS option (or, in some older
programs, the RESERVE option) to serialize resources
across multiple z/OS or OS/390 images. It is used by
RACF to serialize access to its database and to
in-storage tables and buffers.
globally RACLISTed profiles. In-storage profiles for
RACF-defined resources that are created by
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST and that are anchored
from an ACEE. Globally RACLISTed in-storage profiles
are shared across a system, such as the way that
RACF Glossary
755
Glossary
in-storage profiles created by SETROPTS RACLIST are
shared. Contrast with locally RACLISTed profiles.
group. A collection of RACF-defined users who can
share access authorities for protected resources.
group-ADSP attribute. A group-related user attribute
similar to the ADSP attribute for a user, but assigned by
using the CONNECT command to restrict its effect to
those cases where the user creates data sets with that
group as the high level qualifier of the data set name (or
as determined by the naming convention table or exit).
group-AUDITOR attribute. A group-related user
attribute similar to the AUDITOR attribute for a user, but
assigned by using the CONNECT command to restrict
the users authority to resources that are within the
scope of the group. Contrast with AUDITOR attribute.
group authority. An authority specifying which
functions a user can perform in a group. The group
authorities are USE, CREATE, CONNECT, and JOIN.
group data set. A RACF-protected data set in which
either the high-level qualifier of the data set name or the
qualifier supplied by an installation-naming convention
table or exit routine is a RACF group name.
group-GRPACC attribute. A group-related user
attribute similar to the GRPACC attribute for a user, but
assigned by using the CONNECT command to restrict
its effect to the specific group. Contrast with GRPACC
attribute.
group ID. Obsolete term for group name.
group identifier (GID). A number between 0 and
2 147 483 647 that identifies a group of users to z/OS
UNIX. The GID is associated with a RACF group name
when it is specified in the OMVS segment of the group
profile. See real GID. Contrast with effective group
identifier (effective GID).
group name. A string of 18 characters that identifies
a group to RACF. The first character must be A through
Z, # (X'7B'), $ (X'5B'), or @ (X'7C'). The rest can be A
through Z, #, $, @, or 0 through 9.
group-OPERATIONS attribute. (1) A group-related
user attribute similar to the OPERATIONS attribute for a
user, but assigned by using the CONNECT command to
restrict its effect to those resources that are within the
scope of the group. (2) If a person needs to perform
maintenance activities on DASD volumes, it is more
efficient (for RACF processing) and better (for limiting
the resources the person can access) to give the
person authority to those volumes using the PERMIT
command than to assign the person the OPERATIONS
or group-OPERATIONS attribute. Contrast with
DASDVOL authority and OPERATIONS attribute.
group profile. A profile that defines a group. The

information in the profile includes the group name,
profile owner, and users in the group.
grouping profile. A profile in a resource group class.
group-related user attribute. A user attribute,
assigned at the group level, that enables the user to
control the resource, group, and user profiles associated
with the group and its subgroups. Group-related user
attributes include group-SPECIAL attribute,
group-AUDITOR attribute, and group-OPERATIONS
attribute. Contrast with user attribute.
group-REVOKE attribute. Assigned through the
CONNECT command that prevents the user from using
that group as the current connect group. Also prevents
RACF from considering that group during authorization
checking.
group-SPECIAL attribute. A group-related user
attribute similar to the SPECIAL user attribute, but it is
assigned by the CONNECT command to restrict the
users authority to users, groups, and resources within
the scope of the group. Within this scope, it gives the
user full control over everything except auditing options.
However, it does not give the user authority to change
global RACF options that will affect processing outside
the groups scope. Contrast with SPECIAL attribute.
GRPACC attribute. With this attribute, any group data
sets that the user defines to RACF (through the ADSP
attribute, the PROTECT operand on the DD statement,
or the ADDSD command) are automatically made
accessible to other users in the group at the UPDATE
level of access authority if the user defining the profile is
a member of the group. Contrast with group-GRPACC
attribute.
H
HFS. See hierarchical file system.
hierarchical file system (HFS). The file system for
z/OS UNIX that organizes data in a tree-like structure of
directories.
I
ICB. See inventory control block.
ICL. See Issued certificate list (ICL).
ICHRIN03. See started procedures table.
inheritance. The act of automatically associating an
ACL with a newly created object without requiring
administrative action.
issued certificate list (ICL). PKI Services database
containing the history of issued certificates.
756
Glossary
interprocess communication facilities (IPC). IPC
facilities are services that allow different processes to
communicate. Message passing (using message
queues), semaphore sets, and shared memory services
are forms of interprocess communication facilities.
inventory control block (ICB). The first block in a
RACF database. The ICB contains a general description
of the database and, for the master primary data set,
holds the RACF global options specified by
SETROPTS.
IPC. See interprocess communication facilities.
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installation-defined CDT. An optional portion of the

CDT (module ICHRRCDE) that is installed by the
installation. The function provided by this module can be
replaced with the dynamic CDT function.
issuers distinguished name (IDN). The X.509 name
that is associated with a certificate authority.
K
kernel. The part of z/OS UNIX that provides support
for such services as UNIX I/O, process management,
and general UNIX functionality.
kernel address space. The address space in which
the z/OS UNIX kernel runs. See kernel.
key. In cryptography, a sequence of symbols that is
used with a cryptographic algorithm for encrypting or
decrypting data. See private key and public key.
key ring. A named collection of certificates for a
specific user or server application used to determine the
trustworthiness of a client or peer entity.
L
label. A usable handle for a certificate.
LDAP. See lightweight directory access protocol.
lightweight access directory protocol (LDAP).
Similar to directory access protocol (DAP), but simpler
to use and has a programming interface; LDAP is
composed of entries identified by their distinguished
names.
link pack area (LPA). An area of virtual storage
containing reenterable routines from system libraries
that are loaded at IPL time and can be used
concurrently by all tasks in the system. The LPA
presence in main storage saves loading time.
LIST request. The issuing of the RACROUTE macro
with REQUEST=LIST specified. A LIST request builds
in-storage profiles for a RACF general resource class.
The LIST request replaces the RACLIST function.
list-of-groups checking. A RACF option (SETROPTS

GRPLIST) that enables a user to access all resources
available to all groups of which the user is a
nonrevoked member, regardless of the users current
connect group. For any particular resource, RACF
allows access based on the highest access among the
groups in which the user is a member.
local logical unit (local LU). A logical unit that resides
on the local system. Contrast with partner logical unit
(partner LU), or remote logical unit (remote LU), which
typically resides on a remote system. When both the
local and partner LUs reside on the same system, the
LU through which communication is initiated is the local
LU, and the LU through which communication is
received is the partner LU.
local mode. An RRSF node is operating in local mode
when it has no RRSF logical node connection with any
other RRSF node.
local transaction program (local TP). A transaction
program that resides on the local system. Contrast with
partner transaction program (partner TP), which typically
resides on a remote system.
locally RACLISTed profiles. In-storage profiles for
RACF-defined resources that are created by
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST and that are anchored
from an ACEE. Locally RACLISTed in-storage profiles
are not shared across a system, the way that in-storage
profiles created by SETROPTS RACLIST are shared.
Contrast with globally RACLISTed profiles.
logging. The recording of audit data about specific
events.
logical connection. See RRSF logical node
connection.
logical unit (LU). A type of network accessible unit
that enables users to gain access to network resources
and communicate with each other.
logical unit type 6.2 (LU type 6.2). The SNA logical
unit type that supports general communication between
programs in a cooperative processing environment.
Also, the SNA logical unit type on which CPI-C and
APPC/MVS TP conversation services are built.
LPA. See link pack area.
LU. See logical unit.
LU type 6.2. See logical unit type 6.2.
M
MAC. See mandatory access control.
main system. The system on a multisystem RRSF
node that is designated to receive most of the RRSF
communications sent to the node.
RACF Glossary
757
Glossary
managed user ID association. A user ID association
in which one of the associated user IDs is a managing
user ID, and the other is a managed user ID. The
managing user ID can run allowed RACF commands
under the authority of the managed user ID. The
managed user ID cannot run commands under the
authority of the managing user ID. A managed user ID
association does not allow password synchronization
between the associated user IDs. Contrast with peer
user ID association.
mandatory access control (MAC). A means of
restricting access to objects on the basis of the
sensitivity (as represented by a label) of the information
contained in the objects and the formal authorization
(clearance) of subjects to access information of such
sensitivity.
mask. A technique to provide protection against casual
viewing of a password that has been defined or altered,
when an encryption function is not available.
master primary data set. The first data set activated
in the primary RACF database.
MCS. See multiple console support.
MCS console. A non-SNA device defined to MVS that
is locally attached to an MVS system and is used to
enter commands and receive messages.
member. A user belonging to a group.
member profile. A profile that defines a member and
security level for that member.
member system. Any one of the MVS system images
in a multisystem RRSF node.
model ACL. See default ACL.
modeling. See profile modeling.
multilevel security. A security policy that allows the
classification of data and users based on a system of
hierarchical security levels (for example: unclassified,
secret, top secret) combined with a system of
non-hierarchical security categories (for example:
Project A, Project B, Project C). The system imposes
mandatory access controls restricting which users can
access data based on a comparison of the classification
of the users and the data.
multiple console support (MCS). The operator
interface in an MVS system.
multiple-subsystem scope. A RACF classification
model used in conjunction with the RACF external
security module to construct DB2 resource names.
Default for the highest-level qualifier is the DB2
subsystem or group name.
multisystem node. See multisystem RRSF node.
758
multisystem RRSF node. An RRSF node consisting

of multiple MVS system images that share the same
RACF database. One of the systems is designated to
be the main system, and it receives the unsolicited
RRSF communications sent to the node.
multi-subsystem scope. A classification model used
in conjunction with the RACF/DB2 external security
module to construct DB2 classes with the subsystem ID
as part of the class name. Contrast with
single-subsystem scope.
MVS. (multiple virtual storage) The mainframe
operating system that allows multiple users to work
simultaneously using the full amount of virtual storage.
N
NCSC. National Computer Security Center. The part of
the U.S. Department of Defense that determines
defense and security criteria.
network-qualified name. An identifier for a partner LU
in the form netid.luname, where netid is a 18 character
network identifier and luname is a 18 character LU
name.
node. See RRSF node.
nonautomatic profile. A tape volume profile that
RACF creates when an RDEFINE command is issued
or when tape data set protection is not active. A tape
volume profile created in this manner is called a
nonautomatic profile because RACF never deletes the
profile except in response to the RDELETE command.
Contrast with automatic profile.
non-data sharing mode. One of two normal modes of
operation when RACF is enabled for sysplex
communication and is the mode in which RACF
communicates information using sysplex facilities to
other instances of RACF, but does not make use of the
coupling facility in doing so.
O
OpenExtensions VM. A feature of VM systems that
provides a set of UNIX-based programming interfaces,
such as shells and utilities, in support of selected
POSIX and X/OPEN portability guide (XPG) standards.
OPERATIONS attribute. A user attribute that grants
the equivalent of ALTER access to all data sets unless
the user or one of the users connect groups appears
explicitly in the access list of a data sets profile. If a
user needs to perform maintenance activities on DASD
volumes, granting DASDVOL authority to those volumes
using the PERMIT command is preferred over assigning
the OPERATIONS or group-OPERATIONS attribute.
Note that most modern DASD maintenance programs
Glossary
do not require the OPERATIONS attribute. Contrast with
DASDVOL authority and group-OPERATIONS attribute.
access to the host system without sending the RACF

password across the network.
operator identification card (OIDCARD). A small

card with a magnetic stripe encoded with unique
characters and used to verify the identity of a terminal
operator to RACF.
password. A string of characters known to a user who

must specify it to gain full or limited access to a system
and to the data stored within it. RACF uses a password
to verify the identity of the user.
OS/390. A program licensed by IBM that not only

includes and integrates functions previously provided by
many IBM software products, including the MVS
operating system, but also:
1. Is an open, secure operating system for the IBM
S/390 family of enterprise servers
2. Complies with industry standards
3. Is Year 2000 ready and enabled for network
computing and e-business
4. Supports technology advances in networking server
capability, parallel processing, and object-oriented
programming
OS/390 UNIX group identifier (GID). See group
identifier (GID).
OS/390 UNIX System Services (OS/390 UNIX). The
set of functions provided by the shells, utilities, kernel,
file system, debugger, Language Environment, and
other elements of the OS/390 operating system that
allows users to write and run application programs that
conform to UNIX standards.
OS/390 UNIX user identifier (UID). See user identifier
(UID).
owner. The user or group that creates a profile, or is
specified as the owner of a profile. The owner can
modify, list, or delete the profile.
P
PADS. See program access to data sets (PADS).
partner logical unit (partner LU). A logical unit that
typically resides on a remote system. Often
synonymous with remote logical unit (remote LU).
Contrast with local logical unit (local LU), which resides
on the local system. When both the local and partner
LUs reside on the same system, the LU through which
communication is initiated is the local LU, and the LU
through which communication is received is the partner
LU.
partner transaction program (partner TP). A
transaction program that resides on a remote system.
Contrast with local transaction program (local TP),
which typically resides on the local system.
PassTicket. An alternative to the RACF password that
permits workstations and client machines to
communicate with the host. It allows a user to gain
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password envelope. A container stored in the users

profile that contains the users encrypted password so
that it can be retrieved and decrypted by authorized
users of the R_Admin callable service (IRRSEQ00) as
part of a password synchronization solution, such as
IBM Directory Integrator.
password synchronization. An option that can be
specified when a peer user ID association is defined
between two user IDs. If password synchronization is
specified for a user ID association, then whenever the
password for one of the associated user IDs is
changed, the password for the other user ID is
automatically changed to the newly defined password.
See automatic password direction.
peer system. In a RACF data sharing group, any
system to which RACF propagates a command entered
by the system operator or administrator. Contrast with
coordinator system.
peer user ID association. A user ID association that
allows either user ID to run allowed RACF commands
under the authority of the other user ID using command
direction. A peer user ID association can also establish
password synchronization between the associated user
IDs. Contrast with managed user ID association.
permission bits. In z/OS UNIX, part of security
controls for directories and files stored in the
hierarchical file system (HFS). Used to grant read, write,
search (just directories), or execute (just files) access to
owner, file or directory owning group, or all others.
persistent verification (PV). A VTAM security option
for conversation-level security between two logical units
(LUs) that provides a way of reducing the number of
password transmissions by eliminating the need to
provide a user ID and password on each attach
(allocate) during multiple conversations between a user
and a partner LU. The user is verified during the signon
process and remains verified until the user has been
signed off the partner LU.
PKCS. See public key cryptographic standards.
PKI. See public key infrastructure.
PKIX. See public key infrastructure standards.
POSIT. A number specified for each class in the class
descriptor table that identifies a set of flags that control
RACF processing options.
RACF Glossary
759
Glossary
POSIX. (Portable Operating System Interface For
Computer Environments) An IEEE standard for
computer operating systems.
protected user ID. A user ID that cannot enter the

system by any means that requires a password, and
cannot be revoked by invalid password attempts.
Assigning a protected user ID to z/OS UNIX, a UNIX
daemon, or another important started task or subsystem
assures that the ID cannot be used for other purposes,
and that functions will not fail because the ID has been
revoked.
primary data set. A data set in the primary RACF

database. See master primary data set.
primary RACF database. The RACF database
designated in the data set name table (ICHRDSNT), or
specified at IPL time, that contains the RACF profiles
used for authorization checking. The primary RACF
database may consist of as many as 90 data sets. See
backup RACF database.
public key. In public key cryptography, a key that is

made available to everyone. Contrast with private key.
public key cryptography. Cryptography in which
public keys and private keys are used for encryption
and decryption. One party uses a common public key
and the other party uses secret private key. The keys
are complementary in that if one is used to encrypt
data, the other can be used to decrypt it.
private key. In public key cryptography, a key that is

known only to its owner. Contrast with public key.
problem state. A state during which a processing unit
cannot execute input/output and other privileged
instructions. Contrast with supervisor state.
public key cryptographic standards (PKCS). Set of

standards developed by RSA Corporation to facilitate
interoperability for cryptographic protocols.
process. In z/OS UNIX, a function created by a fork()

request. See task.
public key infrastructure (PKI). The set of hardware,

software, people, policies, and procedures needed to
create, manage, store, distribute, and revoke public key
certificates based on public key cryptography.
profile. Data that describes the significant

characteristics of a user, a group of users, or one or
more computer resources. A profile contains a base
segment, and optionally, a number of other segments.
See data set profile, discrete profile, general resource
profile, generic profile, group profile, and user profile.
public key infrastructure Standards (PKIX). Set of

standards needed to support an X.509-based PKI.
profile list. A list of profiles indexed by class (for

general resources) or by the high-level qualifier (for data
set profiles) and built in storage by the RACF routines.
profile modeling. The ability for a user or an
installation to copy information (such as universal
access authority or access lists) from an existing
resource profile when defining a new resource profile.
This might occur automatically when using ADDSD
based on the MODEL specification in a USER or group
PROFILE, or manually with the FROM keyword of the
ADDSD and RDEFINE commands, or with keywords on
RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE.
program access to data sets (PADS). A RACF
function that enables an authorized user or group of
users to access one or more data sets at a specified
access authority only while running a specified
RACF-controlled program. See program control.
program control. A RACF function that enables an
installation to control who can run RACF-controlled
programs. See program access to data sets.
protected resource. A resource defined to RACF for
the purpose of controlling access to the resource. Some
of the resources that can be protected by RACF are
DASD volumes, tape volumes, load modules, terminals,
IMS and CICS transactions, and installation-defined
resource classes.
760
PV. See persistent verification.
R
RACDEF request. The DEFINE function replaces the
RACDEF function. See DEFINE request.
RACF. See Resource Access Control Facility.
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RACF access control module. A DB2 module that

receives control from the DB2 access control
authorization exit point (DSNX@XAC) to handle DB2
authorization checks. This term applies only to the DB2
module available beginning with DB2 Version 8.
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RACF DB2 external security module. A RACF

module that receives control from the DB2 access
control authorization exit point (DSNX@XAC) to handle
DB2 authorization checks. This term applies to the
RACF module available for DB2 Version 7 and earlier.
RACF database. The repository for the security
information that RACF maintains.
RACF data set. One of the data sets comprising the
RACF database.
RACF-indicated. Pertaining to a data set for which the
RACF indicator is set on. If a data set is
RACF-indicated, a user can access the data set only if
a RACF profile or an entry in the global access
checking table exists for that data set. On a system
Glossary
without RACF, a user cannot access a RACF-indicated
data set until the indicator is turned off. For VSAM data
sets, the indicator is in the catalog entry. For non-VSAM
data sets, the indicator is in the data set control block
(DSCB). For data sets on tape, the indicator is in the
RACF tape volume profile of the volume that contains
the data set.
RACF manager. The routines within RACF that
provide access to the RACF database. Contrast with
RACF storage manager.
RACROUTE macro. An assembler macro that

provides a means of calling RACF to provide security
functions, including the AUDIT request, AUTH request,
DEFINE request, DIRAUTH request, EXTRACT request,
FASTAUTH request, LIST request, SIGNON request,
STAT request, TOKENBLD request, TOKENMAP
request, TOKENXTR request, VERIFY request, and
VERIFYX request.
RACSTAT request. The STAT request replaces the
RACSTAT function. See STAT request.
RACF-protected. Pertaining to a resource that has

either a discrete profile or an applicable generic profile.
A data set that is RACF-protected by a discrete profile
must also be RACF-indicated.
RACXTRT request. The EXTRACT request replaces

the RACXTRT function. See EXTRACT request.
RACF remote sharing facility (RRSF). RACF

services that function within the RACF subsystem
address space to provide network capabilities to RACF.
read-only mode. A recovery mode of operation when

RACF is enabled for sysplex communication. Read-only
mode does not allow updates to be made to the RACF
database except for statistics generated during logon
and job initiation.
RACF remove ID utility. A RACF utility that identifies

references to user IDs and group names in the RACF
database. The utility can be used to find references to
residual user IDs and group names or specified user
IDs and group names. The output from this utility is a
set of RACF commands that can be used to remove the
references from the RACF database after review and
possible modification. See residual user ID.
RACF report writer. A RACF function that produces
reports on system use and resource use from
information found in the RACF SMF records. However,
the preferred method for producing RACF SMF reports
is the RACF SMF data unload utility (IRRADU00).
RACF segment. Obsolete term for base segment.
RACF SMF data unload utility (IRRADU00). A RACF
utility that enables installations to create a sequential file
from the security-relevant audit data. The sequential file
can be viewed directly, used as input for
installation-written programs, and manipulated with
sort/merge utilities. It can also be uploaded to a
database manager (such as DB2) to process complex
inquiries and create installation-tailored reports. See
SMF records.
RACF storage manager. Manages the allocation of
storage for the RACF programs running on a system.
RACHECK request. The AUTH request replaces the
RACHECK function. See AUTH request.
RACINIT request. The VERIFY request replaces the
RACINIT function. See VERIFY request.
RACLIST request. The LIST request replaces the
RACLIST function. See LIST request.
RACLISTed profiles. See locally RACLISTed profiles
and globally RACLISTed profiles.
RBA. See relative byte address.
real GID. The attribute of a process that, at the time of

process creation, identifies the group of the user who
created the process. See group identifier (GID).
Contrast with effective group identifier (effective GID).
real UID. The attribute of a process that, at the time of
process creation, identifies the user who created the
process. See user identifier (UID). Contrast with
effective user identifier (effective UID).
relative byte address (RBA). The address in the
RACF database.
relative distinguished name (RDN). One component
of a distinguished name.
remote logical unit (remote LU). A logical unit that
resides on a remote system. Often synonymous with
partner logical unit (partner LU). Contrast with local
logical unit (local LU), which typically resides on the
local system.
residual authority. References in the RACF database
to group names and user IDs that have been deleted.
residual group name. References in the RACF
database to a group name that has been deleted.
residual user ID. References in the RACF database
to a user ID that has been deleted.
Resource Access Control Facility (RACF). A
program (licensed by IBM) that provides access control
by identifying and verifying the users to the system,
authorizing access to protected resources, logging
detected unauthorized attempts to enter the system,
logging unauthorized attempts to enter the system, and
logging detected accesses to protected resources.
RACF Glossary
761
Glossary
RACF is included in the Security Server and is also
available as a separate program for the MVS and VM
environments.
has been defined as an RRSF node, single-system

RRSF node, or multisystem RRSF node to RACF by a
TARGET command. See RRSF logical node connection.
resource group profile. A general resource profile in

a resource grouping class. A resource group profile can
provide RACF protection for one or more resources with
unlike names. See resource grouping class.
RTOKEN. The RACF resource security token. An

RTOKEN is an encapsulation or representation of the
security characteristics of a resource. Resource
managers, for example JES, can assign RTOKENs to
the resources they manage; for example, JES spool
files. See UTOKEN and STOKEN.
resource grouping class. A RACF class in which

resource group profiles can be defined. A resource
grouping class is related to another class, sometimes
called a member class. For example, the resource
grouping class GTERMINL is related to the class
TERMINAL. See resource group profile.
resource profile. A profile that provides RACF
protection for one or more resources. USER, GROUP,
and CONNECT profiles are not resource profiles. The
information in a resource profile can include the profile
name, profile owner, universal access authority, access
list, and other data. Resource profiles can be discrete
profiles or generic profiles. See discrete profile and
generic profile.
RESTRICTED attribute. A user attribute that can be
assigned to a shared user ID, such as PUBLIC or
ANONYMOS, or a user ID used with a certificate name
filter, to prevent the user ID from being used to access
protected resources it is not specifically authorized to
access. Restricted users cannot gain access to
protected resources through global access checking,
UACC, or an ID(*) entry on the access list, and
optionally, to a z/OS UNIX file system object through the
other bits.
reverse mandatory access check. A mandatory
access check in which the security label of the resource
must dominate the security label of the user in order for
the user to be granted access to the resource.
REVOKE attribute. A user attribute that prevents a
RACF-defined user from entering the system.
role. In Tivoli products, a functional grouping of user
authorizations. A ROLE profile represents a role and
identifies the authorizations associated with that role.
RRSF. See RACF remote sharing facility.
RRSF logical node connection. Two RRSF nodes
are logically connected when they are properly
configured to communicate through APPC/MVS, and
they have each been configured by the TARGET
command to have an OPERATIVE connection to the
other.
S
SAF. See System Authorization Facility.
secured signon. A RACF function providing an
alternative to the RACF password and also providing
enhanced security across a network.
security. See data security.
security category. A non-hierarchical grouping of
sensitive information used to control access to data.
security classification. The use of security
categories, a security level, or both, to impose additional
access controls on sensitive resources. An alternative
way to provide security classifications is to use security
labels.
security label. An installation-defined name that
corresponds to a specific RACF security level with a set
of zero or more security categories. This is equivalent to
the NCSC term sensitivity label.
security level. An installation-defined name that
corresponds to a numerical security level; the higher the
number, the higher the security level.
Security Server. A licensed feature of z/OS that is
comprised of Resource Access Control Facility (RACF),
DCE Security Server, z/OS LDAP Server, z/OS Firewall
Technologies, Open Cryptographic Enhanced Plug-Ins
(OCEP), and Network Authentication Service.
security token. A collection of identifying and security
information that represents data to be accessed, a user,
or a job. This contains a user ID, group name, security
label, node of origin, and other information.
segment. A portion of a profile. The format of each
segment is defined by a template.
SETROPTS RACLISTed profiles. See globally
RACLISTed profiles.
SFS. See Shared File System.
RRSF network. Two or more RRSF nodes that have

established RRSF logical node connections to each
other.
shared GID. An OMVS GID value that has been

assigned to more than one group.
RRSF node. An MVS system image or a group of

MVS system images sharing a RACF database, which
shared UID. An OMVS UID value that has been

assigned to more than one user.
762
Glossary
shared file system (SFS). On VM/ESA, a part of CMS
that lets users organize their files into groups known as
directories and selectively share those files and
directories with other users.
commands, except for commands and operands related

to auditing. Contrast with group-SPECIAL attribute.
split database. A RACF database that has been
divided among multiple data sets.
signed-on-from list. A list of user entries identifying

those users who have been signed on from a partner
LU to a local LU and is associated with persistent
verification.
standard access list. The portion of a resource profile

that specifies the users and groups that may access the
resource and the level of access granted to each.
Synonymous with access list. Contrast with conditional
access list.
SIGNON request. The issuing of the RACROUTE

macro with REQUEST=SIGNON specified. A SIGNON
request is used to manage the signed-on-from lists
associated with persistent verification.
started procedures table (ICHRIN03). Associates the

names of started procedures with specific RACF user
IDs and group names. It can also contain a generic
entry that assigns a user ID or group name to any
started task that does not have a matching entry in the
table. However, it is recommended that you use the
STARTED class for most cases rather than the started
procedures table.
single-subsystem scope. A classification model used

in conjunction with the RACF/DB2 external security
module to construct DB2 classes with the subsystem ID
as part of the class name. Contrast with
multi-subsystem scope.
single-system node. See single-system RRSF node.
single-system RRSF node. An RRSF node consisting
of one MVS system image.
site certificate. A type of certificate managed by
RACF. See digital certificate.
SMF. See System Management Facility.
SMF data unload utility. See RACF SMF data unload
utility.
SMF records. (1) Records and system or job-related
information collected by the System Management
Facility (SMF) and used in billing users, reporting
reliability, analyzing the configuration, scheduling jobs,
summarizing direct access volume activity, evaluating
data set activity, profiling system resource use, and
maintaining system security. (2) Variable-length process
or status records from the SMF data set that are written
to the SMF log data set. These records vary in layout
based on the type of system information they contain.
See RACF SMF data unload utility.
SMS. See Storage Management Subsystem.
SNA. See System Network Architecture (SNA).
source user ID. The source half of a source user ID
and target user ID pair that has an established user ID
association between them. For command direction the
source user ID is the user ID that issued the command
that is being directed. For password synchronization the
source user ID is the user ID whose password changed,
causing a change to the password of the target user ID.
Contrast with target user ID.
SPECIAL attribute. A user attribute that gives the user
full control over all of the RACF profiles in the RACF
database and allows the user to issue all RACF
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static CDT. The non-dynamic portion of the class

descriptor table that is contained in the supplied CDT
(module ICHRRCDX) and the optional
installation-defined CDT (module ICHRRCDE). See also
dynamic CDT.
STAT request. The issuing of the RACROUTE macro
with REQUEST=STAT specified. A STAT request
determines if RACF is active and (optionally) if a given
resource class is defined to RACF and active. The
STAT request replaces the RACSTAT function.
STOKEN. A UTOKEN associated with a user who has
submitted work. See UTOKEN and RTOKEN.
Storage Management Subsystem (SMS). A DFSMS
facility used to automate and centralize storage
management by providing the storage administrator with
control over data class, storage class, management
class, storage group, and automatic class selection
routine definitions.
structure. See cache structure.
stub. (1) A function that connects with the specified
library, but remains outside the specified library. (2) A
protocol extension procedure.
subjects distinguished name (SDN). The X.509
name in a digital certificate that is associated with the
name of the subject.
superuser. In z/OS UNIX, a system user who
operates with the special privileges needed to perform a
specified administrative task.
superuser authority. In z/OS UNIX, the unrestricted
authority to access and modify any part of the operating
system, usually associated with the user who manages
the system.
RACF Glossary
763
Glossary
supervisor. The part of a control program that
coordinates the use of resources and maintains the flow
of processing unit operations. Synonym for supervisory
routine.
supervisor state. A state during which a processing
unit can execute input/output and other privileged
instructions. Contrast with problem state.
supervisory routine. A routine, usually part of an
operating system, that controls the execution of other
routines and regulates the flow of work in a data
processing system. Synonymous with supervisor.
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supplied CDT. The required portion of the CDT

(module ICHRRCDX) that is supplied by IBM and
shipped with RACF. Classes defined in the supplied
CDT must not be modified by the installation.
syscall. See callable service.
sysplex (system complex). Multiple systems
communicating and cooperating with each other through
multisystem hardware elements and software services
to process the installations workloads.
sysplex communication. An optional RACF function
that allows the system to use XCF services and
communicate with other systems that are also enabled
for sysplex communication.
system authorization facility (SAF). An interface
defined by MVS that enables programs to use system
authorization services in order to control access to
resources, such as data sets and MVS commands. SAF
either processes security authorization requests directly
or works with RACF, or other security product, to
process them.
system call. In z/OS UNIX, a synonym for callable
service.
system complex. See sysplex.
System Management Facility (SMF). The part of the
operating system that collects and records system and
job-related information used in billing users, reporting
reliability, analyzing the configuration, scheduling jobs,
summarizing direct access volume activity, evaluating
data set activity, profiling system resource use, and
maintaining system security. The information is recorded
in the SMF log data set.
Systems Network Architecture (SNA). The IBM
architecture that defines the logical structure, formats,
protocols, and operational sequences for transmitting
information units through, and controlling the
configuration and operation of, networks. The layered
structure of SNA allows the ultimate origins and
destinations of information, that is, the users, to be
independent of and unaffected by the specific SNA
network services and facilities used for information
exchange.
764
T
tape volume set. The collection of tape volumes on
which a multivolume data set resides. A volume set is
represented in one RACF profile.
tape volume table of contents (TVTOC). Information
about a tape data set that RACF stores in the tape
volume profile for the volume on which the data set
resides. The TVTOC includes the data set name, data
set sequence number, creation date, and an indicator
as to whether a discrete tape data set profile exists.
target node. An RRSF node that a given RRSF node
is logically connected to, as a result of a TARGET
command. See local node and remote node.
target user ID. The target half of a source user ID and
target user ID pair that has an established user ID
association between them. For command direction, the
target user ID is the user ID specified on the AT or
ONLYAT keyword, and is the user ID under whose
authority the command is run on the specified node. For
password synchronization, the target user ID is the user
ID whose password RACF automatically updates when
the password for the source user ID is changed.
Contrast with source user ID.
task. A basic unit of work to be performed or a
process and the procedures that run the process.
template. Contains mappings of the profiles on the
RACF database.
TOKENBLD request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=TOKENBLD specified. A
TOKENBLD request builds a UTOKEN.
TOKENMAP request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=TOKENMAP specified. A
TOKENMAP request maps a token in either internal or
external format, allowing a caller to access individual
fields within the UTOKEN.
TOKENXTR request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=TOKENXTR specified. A
TOKENXTR request extracts a UTOKEN from the
current address space, task or a caller-specified ACEE.
TP. See transaction program.
tranquility. Keeping the security classification of a
resource constant while it is in use; keeping the security
classification of a user constant while active.
transaction program (TP). A program that processes
transactions in an SNA network.
TVTOC. See tape volume table of contents.
Glossary
U
UACC. See universal access authority.
UADS. See user attribute data set.
universal access authority (UACC). The default
access authority that applies to a resource if the user or
group is not specifically permitted access to the
resource, unless the user is restricted. The universal
access authority can be any of the access authorities.
universal group. A user group defined using the
UNIVERSAL operand of the ADDGROUP command.
Universal groups are expected to have a large number
of members and are unlikely to be deleted. Group
profiles for universal groups do not contain complete
membership information, and the LISTGRP command is
not recommended to list members. Using the output of
the database unload utility (IRRDBU00) is the best way
to list members of a universal group.
user. A person who requires the services of a
computing system.
user attribute. The extraordinary privileges,
restrictions, and processing environments assigned to a
user. The user attributes are SPECIAL, AUDITOR,
CLAUTH, OPERATIONS, GRPACC, ADSP, and
REVOKE.
user attribute data set (UADS). In TSO, a partitioned
data set with a member for each authorized user. Each
member contains the appropriate passwords, user
identifications, account numbers, LOGON procedure
names, and user characteristics that define the user.
user certificate. A type of certificate managed by
RACF. See digital certificate.
user data set. A data set defined to RACF in which
either the high-level qualifier of the data set name or the
qualifier supplied by an installation exit routine is a
RACF user ID.
user ID. A RACF user ID. A string of 18 alphanumeric
characters that uniquely identifies a RACF user,
procedure, or batch job to the system. For TSO users,
the user ID cannot exceed 7 characters and must begin
with an alphabetic, #, $, or @ character. The user ID is
defined by a user profile in the RACF database and is
used as the name of the profile.
system during logon or batch job processing. RACF

identifies the user by the user ID and verifies the user
by the password, PassTicket, verified digital certificate,
DCE credentials, or operator identification card supplied
during logon processing or the password supplied on a
batch JOB statement.
user identifier (UID). A number between 0 and
2 147 483 647 that identifies a user to z/OS UNIX.
The UID is associated with a RACF user ID when it is
specified in the OMVS segment of the user profile. It
can be contained in an object of type uid_t, that is used
to identify a system user. When the identity of the user
is associated with a process, a UID value is referred to
as a real UID, an effective UID, or an (optional) saved
set UID. See real UID. Contrast with effective user
identifier (effective UID).
user name. In RACF, 120 alphanumeric characters
that represent a RACF-defined user. Contrast with user
ID.
user profile. A description of a RACF-defined user
that includes the user ID, user name, default group
name, password, profile owner, user attributes, and
other information. A user profile can include information
for subsystems such as TSO and DFP.
UTOKEN. The RACF user security token. A UTOKEN
is an encapsulation or representation of the security
characteristics of a user. RACF assigns a UTOKEN to
each user in the system. See STOKEN and RTOKEN.
V
verification. See user identification and verification.
VERIFY request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=VERIFY specified. A VERIFY
request is used to verify the authority of a user to enter
work into the system. The VERIFY request replaces the
RACINIT function.
VERIFYX request. The issuing of the RACROUTE
macro with REQUEST=VERIFYX specified. A VERIFYX
request verifies a user and builds a UTOKEN, and
handles the propagation of submitter ID.
user ID association. A relationship between two user

IDs, established through the RACLINK command, which
is required for command direction and password
synchronization between the user IDs. See peer user ID
association and managed user ID association.
Virtual Machine (VM). (1) An operating system that

appears to be at the exclusive disposal of the particular
user, but whose functions are accomplished by sharing
the resources of a real data processing system. (2) In
VM/ESA, the operating system that represents the
virtual processors, virtual storage, virtual devices, and
virtual channel subsystem allocated to a single user. A
virtual machine also includes any expanded storage
dedicated to it.
user identification. See user ID.
VM. See Virtual Machine.
user identification and verification. The acts of

identifying and verifying a RACF-defined user to the
RACF Glossary
765
Glossary
W
workspace data sets. VSAM data sets used by RACF
for queuing requests sent to and received from target
nodes in an RRSF environment.
write-down mode. The setting of an address space at
which it can create output data at a lower security label
than the current security label of the address space on
a system where write-down is normally disallowed
because the RACF MLS(FAILURES) option is in effect.
write-down privilege. The ability of users to set their
address spaces to write-down mode in which they are
able to write data to an object with a lower security label
than the users current security label on a system where
write-down is normally disallowed because the RACF
MLS(FAILURES) option is in effect.
X
X.500. ITU/ISO 9594 standard for an open system
directory information tree; includes protocols for access
and security.
Z
z/OS. A program licensed by IBM that not only
includes and integrates functions previously provided by
many IBM software products, including the MVS
operating system, but also:
1. Is an open, secure operating system for IBM
enterprise servers
2. Complies with industry standards
3. Is based on the new 64-bit z/Architecture
4. Supports technology advances in networking server
capability, parallel processing, and object-oriented
programming
z/OS UNIX group identifier (GID). See group
identifier (GID).
z/OS UNIX System Services (z/OS UNIX). The set of
functions provided by the shells, utilities, kernel, file
system, debugger, Language Environment, and other
elements of the z/OS operating system that allows
users to write and run application programs that
conform to UNIX standards.
z/OS UNIX user identifier (UID). See user identifier
(UID).
766
Index
Special characters
_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED constant 547
??????? UACC 564
???????? user ID 498
$SUBMIT.userid profile (FACILITY class)
migrating to SURROGAT profiles 472
* (asterisk)
generic character in profile names
specifying 156, 200
on the ID operand of the PERMIT command
authorization checking 723, 724
contrasted with UACC 9, 163, 346
specifying 9, 163
** (double asterisk)
specifying 156, 200
suggested replacement for %* in general resource
profile names 201
**SYSUT data set
reserved name 157
**SYSUT high-level qualifier
protect-all 120
% (percent sign)
specifying 156, 200
%*
in general resource profile names 201
&;
generic character in general resource profile names
specifying 200
&&TEMP data set
reserved name 157
&CHAROPT 423
&CLASSMNT 423
&CLASSOPT 423
&RACGPID
comparison with GRPACC attribute 211
global access checking 209
&RACLNDE
and PROPCNTL profiles 473
creating 480
recommended for JESJOBS profiles 479
recommended for NODES profiles 484
&RACLNDE profile
checked when JES2 reloads offloaded data 507
creating 499
description 228, 499
&RACLNDE variable
recommended for JESSPOOL profiles 502
&RACUID
field-level access checking 214
using with USER.OMVS profiles 68
&SUSER value
on ADDMEM operand in NODES class
check of submitting user ID and node 493
description 475
&SUSER value (continued)

on ADDMEM operand in NODES class (continued)
example showing simple NJE user
translation 496
++++++++ user ID 498
ID(*) access list entry
contrasted with UACC 9
specifying 9
Numerics
3480 tape drives with IDRC feature
and IEC.TAPERING profile in FACILITY class
3490 tape drives
and IEC.TAPERING profile in FACILITY class
4-digit device
using 254
188
188
A
ACBs
controlling who can open 274
access
to DB2 objects
controlling 420
access attempts
logging 4
access authority
description 8
for applications 735
for consoles 240
for DASD data sets 169
for tape volume profiles 179
granting or denying for general resource class 204
required by IBM support personnel 347
required for terminals 732
responsibility for assigning 3
summary of authorities and commands 657
TSO resources 526
using started procedures 143
access control lists (ACLs)
for z/OS UNIX data 549
access list
assigning access authorities for consoles 240
assigning access authorities for DASD data
sets 169
authority of a user not in for data set 162
authority of a user not in for general resource 204
conditional
data set profiles 162
general resource profiles 205
controlling access to data sets on tape volume 180
creating for DFP field-level access checking 523
creating for field-level access checking 214
creating for IMS physical terminals 463
example of command to create entry for tape
volume 181
767
access list (continued)

example of command to delete from tape volume
profile 181
for discrete data set profile 155
in GDG base name profile 167
limiting the size 205
listing invalid user IDs in 362
reducing effort of maintaining 55
refreshing for global access checking 132
sharing for a multivolume tape data set 189
access to resources
authorizing only for RACF-defined users 346
RACF authorization checking for 719
access to system
limiting 86
terminals 238
accessibility 743
account number for TSO
protecting 526
ACCTNUM class
activating 526
authorization checking for 529
considerations 528
description 645
protecting TSO account numbers 526
RACF variable example 229
SETROPTS RACLIST processing 528
UACC authorities 526
achieving system security after the first IPL with RACF
installed 335
ACICSPCT class
description 642
activating
DES processing 142
IMS resource classes 458
program control 134
SETROPTS RACLIST processing
for TSO general resource classes 528
system-wide RACF options with SETROPTS
command 108
tape data set protection 123
tape volume protection 124
TSO general resource classes 526
ADDMEM operand
RALTER command
for global access checking table 210
RDEFINE command
protecting terminals with a GTERMINL
profile 236
ADDUSER command
description 62
NOPASSWORD option 87
RESTRICTED option 88
administration
classroom courses xxiv
delegating tasks 12
RACF commands for group 16
RACF commands for user 15
sharing responsibilities 58
using groups to allow flexibility 51
768
administrative authorities
DB2 427
DSNADM class 428
administrative control
allowed by RACF 9
administrative group
defining 50
ADMINISTRATOR option
DFDSS commands 174
ADSP (automatic data set protection) attribute
bypassing system-wide 122
description of 18, 78
limitation on assigning 84
planning for the use of 38
to protect data set with discrete profile 155
when protecting tape data sets 178
when RACF is deactivated 531
advanced program-to-program communication
See APPC
AGN (application group name)
defining for IMS 464
AIMS class
description 643
use 458
ALCSAUTH class
description 639
algorithm, masking
secured signon application key 245
algorithms, Network Authentication Service key
encryption 606
aliases
DB2
special considerations 434
ALLOCATE command (TSO)
using the PROTECT operand on 168
using the SECMODEL operand on 168
allocation of devices
controlling with DEVICES profiles 253
ALTER access authority
as related to RACF commands 657
for general resources 205
for RACF-protected tape volume labels 191
to a tape volume 187
ALTER INDEX privilege 432
ALTUSER command
description 62
RESTRICTED option 88
APPC (advanced program-to-program
communication) 276
protecting with RACF 276
APPC application
defining PTKTDATA profiles 243
APPC transaction program
protecting with APPCTP profiles 277
WORKATTR segments 71
APPCLU class
activating for VTAM LU 6.2 bind 232
conversation security options 278
defining for VTAM LU 6.2 bind 231
APPCLU class (continued)

description 639
example for VTAM LU 6.2 bind 232
granting access 232
SESSION segment 232
SESSION segment fields 217
SETROPTS RACLIST not used 232
VTAM session interval 134
APPCPORT class
authorization checking 734
conditional access 162, 206
description 639
protecting the port of entry (POE) 276
APPCSERV class
authorizing APPC servers 278
description 639
APPCSI class
description 639
protecting CPI-C side information 277
APPCTP class
description 639
protecting APPC transaction programs 277
APPL class
activating 233
controlling LU attach request 277
description 639
protecting applications 233
protecting conversations between partner LUs
protecting IMS control regions 461
APPLDATA field
RDEFINE command 463
application
authorizing access to a RACF-protected 735
authorizing for SAF callable services 611
protecting with APPL profiles 233
application identifier
IMS control region 461
application identity mapping, stage 3 542
application key
See secured signon key
application name
assembler SET symbols
&CHAROPT 423
&CLASSMNT 423
&CLASSOPT 423
assigning
access authorities to DASD data sets 171
group as owner of RACF profile 57
group authorities 58
optional user attributes 16
ownership of data set profile 155
ownership of RACF group 57
ownership of resource profile 22
user attributes 84
associations
user ID
approving 394
defining 394
278
associations (continued)
user ID (continued)
defining for other users 394
defining for your user ID 394
deleting 395
listing 395
managed 394
AT operand
controlling use of 268
AT option 396
attribute
ADSP (automatic data set protection)
bypassing system-wide 122
limitation on assigning 84
assigning user or group 16
AUDITOR
listing users with 85
suggestions for assigning 84
checking users group-related 112
CLAUTH (class authority)
definition of user and group 7
group-AUDITOR
scope of authority 80
group-OPERATIONS
compared to DASDVOL authority 76
compared to DFDSS authorization 77, 174
group-SPECIAL
illustration of scope of authority 83
GRPACC (group access)
OPERATIONS
compared to DASDVOL authority 76
compared to DFDSS authorization 77, 174
RESTRICTED 18
description of 79
REVOKE
description of 78
scope of control of group-level 16
SPECIAL
summary 653
UNIVERSAL, for groups 54
user 73
assigning at the group level 79
verifying
with DSMON reports 85
Index
769
AUDIT operand
using for general resource profiles 197
audit record
debugging your security arrangements 716, 718
audit trail
establishing capabilities for IMS 459
auditing
message traffic 276
messages sent with TSO SEND, LISTBC, or
TPUT 276
unknown operator command 265
auditing information
authority to display 74
auditor
defining
example 338
duties of 12
responsibilities during implementation planning 36
AUDITOR attribute
authentication
of passwords
exit routines for 25
authentication, user ID
brief description 740
authority
checking after restarting a job 345
DASDVOL
compared to DFDSS authorization 174
DASDVOL and DFDSS authorization 174
definition of group 7
delegation to group authority 58
EXECUTE
restriction on dumps 252
limits at the group level 80
of auditor 74
of CLAUTH (class authority) user 77
of OPERATIONS user 75
of profile owner to access data set 155
of started procedure to access resources 143
of user with group-level attribute 79
of users and groups to use terminals 237
OPERATIONS and DASDVOL 76
OPERATIONS and DFDSS authorization 77, 174
required to access terminals 732
required to create a data set 153
required to issue RACF commands 649
required to open a nonlabeled tape 191
required to perform catalog operations on a protected
VSAM catalog 172
required to refresh global access checking lists 132
required to refresh in-storage lists 131
required to run DSMON program 74
requirements for tape labels 191
requirements for TAPEVOL and TAPEDSN
options 187
scope of for user with group-level attributes 80
structure at group level 82
770
authority (continued)
summary 649
to access a general resource 204
to access applications 735
to access consoles 240
to access DASD data sets 169
to access data set when not in access list 162
to access protected tape data sets 175
to access protected tape volumes 176
to access tape volume profiles 179
to assign or revoke the ADSP attribute 79
to assign the GRPACC attribute 78
to assign the RESTRICTED attribute 79
to create profiles 22
to modify generic profiles 161
to modify or delete profiles 22
to revoke a user from system 78
to work with profiles through attributes at group
level 80
to write to a tape data set or tape volume 185
when owning a RACF group 57
when owning a user profile 73
authority checking
by RACF external security module 422
DB2
for all packages in a collection 434
authority for TSO user
protecting 526
authorization
DB2, native
deferring to 437
authorization checking
bypassing for general resource classes 115
CICS transactions 735
description 3
for a tape data set 179
for access to protected consoles 733
for access to protected IP addresses 733
for access to protected JES input devices 733
for access to protected terminals 732
for DB2 resources 677
for fields in a RACF profile 213, 529
for multivolume tape data sets 189
for protected SMS classes 520
for RACF-protected resources 719
for security labels 736
for TSO resources 529
IMS transactions 735
RACF external security module 437
FASTAUTH return code translation 438
reason codes 438
return codes 438
repeating when restarting a job 345
SAF router exits 720
specifying for general resource classes 115
using exits to performing additional 25
authorization processing
RACF external security module
examples 439
authorized access attempts

logging 4
authorized caller table report
from DSMON 342
authorizing
another user to submit jobs for you 471
inbound work (JES) 483, 500
outbound work 500
use of printers 511
authorizing only for RACF-defined users
access to resources 346
automatic assignment
for UNIX identities 538
automatic data set protection attribute
See ADSP attribute
automatic direction
of application updates 399
of commands 399
controlling 269
of passwords 399, 416
controlling 271, 272
automatic direction of commands 399
automatic password direction 416
automatic TVTOC tape volume profile 183
B
backup RACF database 349
base name profile
access list in GDG 167
base segment
group profile 52
user profile 63
BASIC attribute for programs
defining 323
overview 321
BASIC program security mode
maintaining a clean environment 309
migrating to ENHANCED mode 311
more complex controls 310
program control by SMFID 308
program control for SERVAUTH 319
simple program protection 306
using execute control 310
using program access to data sets (PADS) 314
batch job
authority to access a data set 162
preventing security exposures for 346
preventing unauthorized users from running 470
user identification with USER operand 347
batch message processing region for IMS 465
batch monitor
running jobs under execution batch monitor 470
batch user
assigning user ID to 41
BCICSPCT class
description 642
benefits of using RACF groups 55
bind profile, LDAP 623
bind, password on
RACF support for 231
BLKUPD command
overview 27
block update command 27
BLP
See bypass label processing (BLP)
BPX.DEFAULT.USER profile 541
BPXPRMxx
setting user limits 536
BTAM terminal
defining name for 235
bypass label processing (BLP)
authorizing with FACILITY profile 190
bypass password protection
DSMON report 342
use by callers of RACF 345
bypassing
ADSP attribute 122
authorization checking for general resource
classes 115
password protection 21
password protection of tape data sets 175
password protection of tape volumes 176
protection of data sets when DASDVOL class is
active 173
RACF protection of a system data set during system
access 172
write-enable protection for tapes 188
bypassing PassTicket replay protection 248
C
CACHECLS class
description 639
callable services, authorizing applications that
invoke 611
CANCEL command (TSO)
controlling job cancellation 480
cancelling jobs
controlling 480
capturing output
of RACF TSO commands 397
produced by password synchronization 392
capturing the output of RACF commands 29
catalog
assigning access authority to 171
master catalog
global access checking table entries 211
protecting 172
protecting with FACILITY profiles 172
user catalog
global access checking table entries 211
CATDSNS operand
SETROPTS command 120
categories
maintaining in an RRSF environment 98
CBIND class
description 639
CCA (common cryptographic architecture) 246
Index
771
CCICSCMD class
description 642
CDT class
description 639
CDTINFO segment
user profile
FIELD profile names 215
certificate authorities 556
certificate name filters 569
checking process 465
CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED profile 547
CICS
brief description and cross-reference 279
general resource classes 642
using with RACF 279
CICS application
defining a PTKTDATA profile 243
CICS segment
description 19
user profile
contents of 65
CICS signon table
deleting user entry 92
CICS transaction
CIMS class
description 643
use 458
class
defining
overview 21
class authority attribute
See CLAUTH attribute
class descriptor table
See CDT
class descriptor table (CDT)
adding installation-defined classes
details 286
overview 21
obtaining security report 342
supplied classes for z/OS and OS/390 systems 639
supplied classes for z/VM and VM systems 646
class descriptor table report
from DSMON 342
class name
list of supplied general resource classes 639, 646
class names
for DB2 objects 423
CLASSACT operand
CLASSACT(*) operand
SETROPTS command
recommendations 109, 115
classes
DCE
DCEUUIDS 449
KEYSMSTR 284
DCEUUIDS 449
activating 449
772
classes (continued)
DCEUUIDS (continued)
defining 449
DSNADM
and DB2 administrative authorities 428
installation-defined
DB2 430
KEYSMSTR
activating 286
defining 285
RRSFDATA
controlling access to RACLINK command 267
controlling access to RRSF functions 266
controlling automatic direction 269
controlling password synchronization 267
controlling use of AT operand 268
controlling use of RACLINK DEFINE
operand 267
controlling use of RACLINK PWSYNC
operand 267
STARTED 144
and STDATA segment 145
setting up 144
STARTED profile names 145
UNIXMAP
profiles for 545
z/OS UNIX considerations 543
z/OS UNIX event auditing
DIRACC 115
DIRSRCH 115
FSOBJ 115
FSSEC 115
IPCOBJ 115
PROCACT 115
PROCESS 115
classifying
data 95
users 95
classroom courses, RACF xxiv
CLAUTH (class authority) attribute
assigning for TAPEVOL class 178
delegating 77
example for JESSPOOL class 503
FACILITY class 219
with JOIN group authority 58
clean environment 309
client/server environment
secured signon 240
CLIST
creating user IDs with 73
command authorization
in an MCS sysplex 261
command direction 395
AT option 396
on local node 396
on remote node 397
ONLYAT option 399
commands
AT operand
automatic direction 399
controlling automatic direction of 269
ONLYAT operand
output capturing 397
RACDCERT
controlling access to 559
RACLINK 392
controlling use of DEFINE operand 267
controlling use of PWSYNC operand 267
START 145
summary 649
common cryptographic architecture
See CCA
communications device
controlling allocation with DEVICES profiles 253
COMPATMODE operand
conditional access
CONSOLE class 162, 205
OPERCMDS class 206, 266
conditional access list
during authorization checking 723, 724
CONNECT command
using to specify attributes at the group level 79
connect group
specifying on TSO LOGON command 531
using current connect group checking 113
CONNECT group authority
description 58
connect profile
contents summary 666
console
access authorities for 240
creating a RACF user profile for 265
protecting 239
protecting with SECLABEL profiles 240
CONSOLE class
activating 240
and SECLABEL class 240
description 639
LOGON 507
protecting MCS consoles 239
CONSOLE command (TSO)
and OPERPARM segment 68
console, extended MCS
OPERPARM segment in user profiles 68
CONTROL access authority

control region
as IMS user 456
controlling access to IMS 461
controlling dependent region access to
resources 463
dependent regions as users of IMS 465
identifying resource classes belonging to 457
controlled program
example of command to define 331
controlling
cancelling jobs by job name 480
submitting jobs by job name 478
conversation security options
SESSION segment of APPCLU profile 278
conversion
of DB2 data
to RACF profiles 445
conversion utility, IRRIRA00 542
CONVSEC field
APPCLU profile 278
coordinating profile updates 333
courses about RACF xxiv
CPI-C side information
protecting with APPCSI profiles 277
CPSMOBJ class
description 642
CPSMXMP class
description 642
CPU-ID field
SMF CONTROL file 245
CREATE group authority
allows OPERATIONS user to define data set
profiles 76
description 58
for protecting data sets in group 151
CREATE VIEW privilege 432
CREATETMTAB privilege 432
creating
a new data set
authority required 153
access list for field-level access checking 214
TVTOC (tape volume table of contents) 182
user data sets 152
cross linking
DCE segment 447
DCEUUIDS class 447
defining 448
example 448
RACF and DCE 447
cross-reference utility
See IRRUT100 utility
cryptographic architecture
See CCA
cryptographic product
requirements for secured signon 246
CSFKEYS class
description 639
Index
773
CSFKEYS class (continued)

protecting ICSF keys 279
relation to GCSFKEYS class 222
CSFSERV class
description 639
protecting ICSF services 279
CSVLLA prefix
FACILITY profile 255
current connect group checking
activating 113
deactivating 113
Customer Information Control System
See CICS
D
DAC
See discretionary access control
DADSM scratch function
DASDVOL authority 173
DASD data set
activating or deactivating erase-on-scratch
processing 125
DFP-managed
preventing access to 120
erasing of scratched 171
multivolume considerations 168
protecting 20, 150, 169
protecting with discrete profile 155
protecting with discrete profile through ADSP
attribute 78
protecting with the PROTECT operand on TSO
ALLOCATE command 168
protecting with the SECMODEL parameter on TSO
ALLOCATE command 168
scratching when protected with discrete profile 156
DASD volume
authority 173
DASDVOL and DFDSS authorization 174
OPERATIONS and DASDVOL authority 76
OPERATIONS and DFDSS authorization 77, 174
requirements for RACF databases 348
DASDVOL class
alternatives
DFDSS authorization 174
bypassing protection of individual data sets 173
compared to OPERATIONS attribute 76, 174
description 639
OPERATIONS attribute allows access 75
recording statistics for 118
relation to GDASDVOL class 222
data
classifying 95
data blocks
number of resident 350
data control group
defining 51
774
Data Facility Data Set Services

See DFDSS
Data Facility Hierarchical Storage Manager
See DFHSM
Data Facility Product
See DFP
data lookaside facility
See DLF
data security monitor
See DSMON program
data set
accessing if critical profile deleted 119
activating tape data set protection 123
controlling access 456
controlling creation of 153
creating with protect-all in effect 119
defining automatically with ADSP attribute 18
determining owner of SMS-managed 520
dumping and restoring on a DASD volume 173
for which RACF protection is bypassed during
system access 172
for which RACF protection is enforced during system
access 173
generic profile checking 158
HFS, considerations for 549
IMS system 456
listing all invalid user IDs with access 362
logging real data set names 123
option for protecting all 119
overview of RACF protection 38
ownership of profile 155
password-protected 166
protecting data set that has single-qualifier
name 152
protecting duplicate-named residing on different
volumes 167
protecting for a group 153
protecting GDG 166
protecting non-VSAM with the JCL PROTECT
parameter 168
protecting non-VSAM with the JCL SECMODEL
parameter 168
protecting single-qualifier named data sets 123
protecting with a dummy group ID 154
protecting with discrete profile 155
attribute 78
protecting with generic profile 156
protecting with security category and security
level 98
RACF authorization checking for users own 722
recovering if critical profile deleted 119
security classification of 23, 95
system temporary data sets
system-wide modeling options 122
table-driven naming conventions 151
transferring to another system 161
types that RACF can protect 20
data set (continued)

uncataloged permanent data sets
using a group to control 51
using discrete profiles to protect multivolume 168
using profile modeling when protecting 39
z/OS UNIX considerations for protecting files 549
data set profile
authority granted through group-level attributes 80
authority of OPERATIONS user over 75
conditional access list 162
controlling access to DFP segment 522
controlling who can create 152
default UACC for 162
default UACC when connected to a group 85
defining to protect program library 331
DFP segment 519
high-level qualifier of profile name 151
ownership of 155
preventing duplicate-named 168
protecting multivolume data set with discrete 168
protecting program dumps 251
rules for defining 151
sharing a common 168
when changes take effect 718
data sharing
DB2 430
database
sharing data between remote systems 350
database cross-reference utility
database IMS
IMS system 456
database profiles
synchronizing 417
database unload utility
See IRRDBU00 utility
database unload utility (IRRDBU00) 352
database, DB2
for IRRDBU00 output 363
database, RACF
See RACF database
DATASET class
bypassing recording of statistics 118
days of week
terminal can access system 87, 238
user can access system 86
DB2
access control authorization exit 421
administrative authorities 427
DSNADM class 428
aliases
allowing access to object
example of 439, 440, 443, 444
authority checking
for all packages in a collection 434
DB2 (continued)
authorization
AUTOBIND requests 435
creating a DB2 table space for IRRDBU00
output 363
creating DB2 tables for IRRDBU00 output 364
creating optimization statistics for the DB2
database 366
creating the DB2 indexes for IRRDBU00 output DB2
performance 364
data
converting to RACF profiles 445
data sharing 430
database for IRRDBU00 output 363
DB2 utility statements required to delete the group
records 366
deferring to
example of 442
deleting the IRRDBU00 data from the DB2
database 366
denying access to object
example of 441
GRANT ALL 434
installation-defined classes 430
loading the DB2 tables for IRRDBU00 output 365
native authorization
deferring to 437
object names 426
objects
class names 423
names with blank characters 434
names with special characters 434
protecting 420, 423
providing security for 420
types 425
parameter lists
EXPL 421
XAPL 421
parameters
XAPLDIAG 433
privilege names 427
privileges 432
ALTER INDEX 432
any schema 433
any table 433
CREATE VIEW 432
CREATETMTAB 432
DROP INDEX 432
of ownership, implicit 431
REFERENCES 433
UPDATE 433
PUBLIC* user ID
reorganizing the unloaded RACF data in the DB2
database 366
resource names 426, 429
resources
Index
775
DB2 (continued)
resources (continued)
local 434
remote 434
SQL utility statements
creating indexes for IRRDBU00 output 365
for creating a table for IRRDBU00 output 364
SQL utility statements defining a table space for
IRRDBU00 output 363
table columns
REFERENCE authorization 433
UPDATE authorization 433
table names provided in SYS1.SAMPLIB 366
using with IRRDBU00 output 363
using with RACF 279
utility statements required to load the tables with
IRRDBU00 output 365
WITH GRANT option 434
DB2 load utility
sample statements for IRRDBU00 output 362
DB2 queries
sample statements for IRRDBU00 output 362
DBSYNC EXEC 417
DCE
administering 449
cross linking 447
DCEUUIDS class 449
interoperation with RACF 447
KEYSMSTR class 284
single signon support 450
DCE segment
user profile
contents of 65
DCICSDCT class
description 642
DD statements (JCL)
parameters related to RACF 344
ddname
for IRRDBU00 input data sets 354
deactivating
SETROPTS GENLIST processing 127
unused user ID 111
deadlocks
avoiding 252
debugging
problems with profile definitions 715
default group
assigning a user to 7
connecting a user to 79
default NJE user ID
ownership of SYSOUT based on NODES
profiles 491
specifying with SETROPTS command 498
default user IDs
concepts 497
description 497
776
DEFER mode
logging access attempts when operating in 5
DEFINE operands
RACLINK command
defining
general resources
summary of steps 196
groups 15
groups and users 50
IMS as a RACF user 456
profiles for field-level access checking of DFP
segment 521
RACF group
summary of steps 59
resources with CLAUTH authority 77
rules for defining data set profiles 151
tape volume without a TVTOC 180
tape volumes to RACF 176
tape volumes with a TVTOC 178
user IDs 72
users 15
summary of steps 89
users to RACF using ICF 90
delegating
administration 93
helpdesk functions 219
ownership of FACILITY profiles 219
deleting
groups
summary of steps 60
DELMEM operand
RALTER command
for global access checking table 210
dependent region
as user of IMS control regions 465
controlling access to IMS control region
resources 463
initializing 465
DES (data encryption standard) algorithm
encrypting session keys 232
replacing 142
DES, DESD, DES3 encryption, Network Authentication
Service keys 606
Device Support Facilities (ICKDSF)
DEVICES class
activating 255, 512
controlling access to printers 511
controlling device allocation 253
defining profiles 512
description 639
example 255
UACC authorities 255, 511
DFDSS (Data Facility Data Set Services)
and OPERATIONS attribute 75
authorized storage administration 77, 174
authorizing with FACILITY profiles 174
compared to OPERATIONS attribute 77, 174
DFDSS (Data Facility Data Set Services) (continued)

authorized storage administration (continued)
description 174
publication cross-reference 174
DFDSS command
ADMINISTRATOR option 174
DFP segment
data set profile
field-level access checking 520, 523
RACF processing 520
SMS-managed data sets 519
description 19
group profile
contents of 53
DFSMS storage administrator 59
overriding default values 519
RACF processing 520
user profile
contents of 66
RACF processing 520
DFP-managed temporary data sets
protecting with TEMPDSN profiles 234
DFSMS/MVS
DFDSS-authorized storage administration 174
DFSMSdfp
DFSORT ICETOOL 357
digital certificate name filters 569
digital certificates
administering through initACEE callable service
(IRRSIA00) 611
administering through R_datalib callable service
(IRRSDL00) 615
administering with the RACDCERT command 557
and WebSphere Application Server 568
applications that administer 611, 615
automatic registration using WebSphere Application
Server 582
excluding 578
exporting certificates using R_PKIServ callable
service 616
extracting private keys 615
generating certificates using R_PKIServ callable
service 616
grouped in key rings 567
implementation scenarios 594
introduction 556
irrcerta, irrsitec, and irrmulti user IDs 583
issuers X.509 distinguished name 570
managing serial numbers 616
modeling 577
NOTRUST option 578
digital certificates (continued)

RACF private key size restrictions 557
retrieving certificates using R_PKIServ callable
service 616
storing in Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility
(ICSF) 582
subjects X.509 distinguished name 570
supplied 588
using the DIGTCERT class 568
X.500 directory information tree 569
DIGTCERT class 568
description 639
DIGTCRIT class 581
description 639
DIGTNMAP class 571
description 640
DIGTRING class 567
description 640
DIMS class
description 643
description as resource group class 222
relation to CIMS class 222
use 458
DIRACC class
description 645
z/OS UNIX event auditing 115
DIRAUTH class
activating 276, 530
auditing all access attempts 276
checking security labels for messages 274
description 640
DIRECTRY class
description 646
DIRSRCH class
description 645
disability 743
discrete profile
authority to create 22
authority to modify or delete 22
building for tape data set and tape volume 177
creating for data set through ADSP attribute 78
creating to control access to specific field in TSO
segment 214
creating to protect non-VSAM data set with JCL
PROTECT parameter 168
creating to protect non-VSAM data set with JCL
SECMODEL parameter 168
creating with ADSP attribute 18
defining to protect GDG data set 167
defining with PROTECT parameter in JCL 189
description of 20
disposition of when scratching a DASD data
set 174
protecting data sets with 155
protecting duplicate-named data sets with 167
protecting multivolume data sets with 168
user with GRPACC attribute 18
discretionary access control (DAC)
definition 11
Index
777
displaying
auditing information 74
information from RACF profiles 29
user IDs or group names in RACF database 26
DLF (data lookaside facility)
controlling access to DLF objects 256
DLF installation exit 257
DLF object
protecting with DLFCLASS profiles 181, 256
DLFCLASS class
activating 258
description 640
DLFDATA segment 256
example 258
granting access to profiles 258
protecting DLF objects 256
DLFDATA segment
DLFCLASS profile
contents 256
documents, licensed xxv
DPAGELBL parameter
on OUTPUT statement in JCL 345
DROP INDEX privilege 432
DSMON (data security monitor)
AUDITOR attribute 74
authorized caller table report 342
class descriptor table report 342
global access checking table report 343
group tree report 80, 342
list of reports produced 341
program properties table (PPT) report 342
protecting with PROGRAM profiles 28, 74
RACF exits report 342
selected data sets report 343
selected user attribute report 343
selected user attribute summary report 343
started procedures table report 343
system report 341
using 28, 341
verifying
user attributes 85
DSNADM class
and DB2 administrative authorities 428
description 642
DSNAME parameter
on DD statement in JCL 344
DSNDEXPL 421
DSNDXAPL 421
DSNR class
description 642
dumped jobs
protecting 507
dumps
non-RACF methods for controlling access to
program 253
778
dumps (continued)
protecting with data set profiles 251
restriction on
with EXECUTE authority 252
dynamic started procedures table 144
and STARTED class 144
E
EARLYVERIFY operand
ECICSDCT class
description 642
EDIT command (TSO)
using 347
EGN operand
EIM (enterprise identity mapping) 621
EJBROLE class
description 643
elapsed time checking
IMS 463
encoding
definition of 142
encrypting
APPCLU session key 232
encryption, Network Authentication Service keys 606
end-user function 616
enhanced generic naming
DATASET class
activating or deactivating 121
when installing RACF for the first time 109
ENHANCED program security mode
migrating from BASIC mode 311
overview 320
program control by SMFID 308
program control for SERVAUTH 319
simple program protection 306
using execute control 321
using program access to data sets (PADS) 320
ENHANCED-WARNING program security mode 311
enterprise identity mapping (EIM) 621
Enterprise Java Beans
enveloping, passwords 627
erase-on-scratch processing
activating or deactivating system-wide 125
controlling 171
errors
secured signon function
preventing 249
event notification for LDAP user changes 624
events
z/OS UNIX auditing 115
EXECs
DBSYNC 417
EXECUTE authority
restriction on dumps 252
execute-controlled library
example of setting up 331
in ENHANCED program security mode 321
processing 327
execution batch monitor
running jobs under 470
exit routine
list of all defined 342
REQUEST=LIST exit
resource group profiles 224
using to tailor RACF 24
exit routines
password authentication 25
exits
DB2 access control authorization 421
EXPDT operand of JCL statement
to specify security retention period for data set
EXPL 421
EXPORT
accesses required 617
extended MCS console
OPERPARM segment in user profiles 68
extending a private key 583
external writer
access to JESSPOOL profiles 501
access to spool data sets 501
F
FACILITY class
activating (first profile) 218
activating (LLA-managed data sets) 256
activating (NJE node) 510
activating (operator commands) 513
activating (program dumps) 252
activating (RJE workstation) 510
activating (vector facility) 250
authorizing DFDSS administration 174
bypass label processing for tapes 190
CLAUTH attribute 219
delegating profile ownership 219
ICHBLP profile 190
ICHUNCAT.dataset-name 725
ICHUNCAT.dataset-name profile 121
ICHUSERCAT profile 121
IEAABD.DMPAKEY profile 251
IEAABD.DMPAUTH profile 251
IEAVECTOR profile 250
IEC.TAPERING profile 188
IRR.DIGTCERT 62, 559
IRR.LISTUSER 219
IRR.PASSWORD.RESET 220
planning profiles 218
protecting catalogs 172
protecting LLA-managed data sets 255
protecting NJE nodes 509
protecting program dumps 251
protecting RJE workstations 509
protecting vector facilities 250
SETROPTS RACLIST processing 218, 252
186
FACILITY class (continued)

UACC authorities
LLA-managed data sets 256
FACILITY class profile
IRR.RPKISERV.PKIADMIN 618
failsoft processing 347
FCICSFCT class
description 642
relation to HCICSFCT class 222
FIELD class
activating 215
activating (DFP segment) 520
description 529, 640, 646
example of command to permit access to
profile 214
protecting DFP segment fields 520, 523
protecting fields in RACF profiles 213
protecting OMVS segment fields 53, 68
FIELD profile names
CDTINFO segment of general profile 215
CICS segment of user profile 215
DCE segment of user profile 215
DFP segment of data set profile 216
DFP segment of group profile 216
DFP segment of user profile 216
DLFDATA segment of DLFCLASS profile 216
LANGUAGE segment of user profile 216
LNOTES segment of user profile 216
NDS segment of user profile 216
NETVIEW segment of user profile 216
OMVS segment of group profile 216
OMVS segment of user profile 216
OPERPARM segment of user profile 216
OVM segment of group profile 217
OVM segment of user profile 217
SESSION segment of APPCLU profile 217
SSIGNON segment of PTKTDATA profile 217
STDATA segment of STARTED profile 217
SVFMR segment of general resource profile 217
TME segment of data set profile 217
TME segment of general resource profile 217
TME segment of group profile 217
TSO segment of user profile 218
WORKATTR segment of user profile 218
field-level access checking
creating access list for 214
description 213
DFP segment in data set profile 520, 523
DFP segment in group profile 520, 523
DFP segment in user profile 520, 523
with FIELD profiles 213
FILE class
description 646
filters, certificate name 569
FIMS class
description 643
use 458
flushing a VLF cache
using RACF commands 334
Index
779
foreign principals, Network Authentication Service 609

foreign realms, Network Authentication Service 609
FRACHECK macro
See RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH macro
FSOBJ class
description 645
FSP (file security packet)
definition 549
FSSEC class
description 645
functional group
defining 51
fundamental elements of RACF
users and groups 15
G
GCICSTRN class
description 642
GCPSMOBJ class
description 642
GCSFKEYS class
description 640
protecting ICSF keys 279
GDASDVOL class
description 640
GDG (generation data group)
defining generic resource profile
with enhanced generic naming active 166
protecting GDG data sets 166
security retention period processing for 186
GDSNBP class
description 642
GDSNCL class
description 642
GDSNDB class
description 642
GDSNJR class
description 642
GDSNPK class
description 642
GDSNPN class
description 642
GDSNSC class
description 642
GDSNSG class
description 643
GDSNSM class
description 643
GDSNSP class
description 643
GDSNSQ class
description 643
780
GDSNTB class
description 643
GDSNTS class
description 643
GDSNUF class
description 643
GDSNUT class
description 643
GEJBROLE class
description 643
GENCERT
general resource
overview of RACF protection 38
protecting 195
using profile modeling when protecting 39
general resource class 642
activating for IMS 458
bypassing recording of statistics 118
default for IMS 457
defining
overview 21
for protecting SMS classes 515
generic profile checking 202
ineligible for global access checking 212
product use of
CICS 642
DB2 642
DCE 643
DFSMSdfp 645
Enterprise Java Beans 643
IMS 643
Infoprint Server 644
Information/Management 644
LFS/ESA 644
License Manager 644
Lotus Notes for z/OS 644
MQSeries 644
NetView 644
Novell Directory Services for OS/390 644
SMS 645
Tivoli 645
Tivoli Service Desk 644
TSO 645
z/OS Security Server Network Authentication
Service 645
z/OS UNIX 645
supplied 639, 646
to protect TSO resources 526
general resource classes
for DB2 objects 423
general resource profile
authority of CLAUTH user to define 77
authority of OPERATIONS user over 75
conditional access list 205
default UACC for 204
general resource profile (continued)

default UACC when connected to a group 85
defining 196
sharing in-storage 126
generation data group
See GDG
generic character
when defining generic profiles
with enhanced generic naming active 156, 200
generic command processing
GENERIC operand
to define generic profile for data set 156
to find most specific profile for data set 158
generic profile
authority to create 22
authority to modify 161
authority to modify or delete 22
choosing 199
defining for data sets 156
defining to protect GDG data sets 166
description of 20
finding the most specific for a data set 158
fully-qualified
protecting duplicate-named data sets with 167
order of checking 158
protecting data sets using 156
protection while transferring data sets to another
system 161
rationale for using 10, 38
rationale for using for data sets 156
refreshing in-storage profile lists 131
renaming a multivolume data set protected with
a 168
restricting creation in general resource classes 114
top generic profiles for general resource classes 20
top profile in JESJOBS class 478
generic profile checking
activating for FIELD general resource class 214
for data sets 158
using during failsoft processing 347
with ADSP attribute 79
generic profiles
effect on performance 199
GENERIC(DATASET) operand
GENERICOWNER operand
related to CLAUTH attribute 18, 77, 91, 219
GENLIST operand
GENRENEW
getting started with RACF 335
GID mapping
and VLF 543
UNIXMAP class profiles 545
GIMS class
activating 223
description 643
use 458
GINFOMAN class
description 644
global access checking
creating table entries 207
defining an entry for the vector facility 251
during authorization checking 721
protecting frequently accessed system data
sets 173
refreshing in-storage checking lists 132
global access checking table
entries for JESNEWS 505, 506
entries for STORCLAS and MGMTCLASS
profiles 517
listing 212
performance benefits 198
global access checking table report
from DSMON 343
GLOBAL class
relation to GMBR class 222
GLOBAL operand
SETROPTS command 118, 212
use of 212
GLOBAL=YES option 260
GMBR class
relation to GLOBAL class 222
GMQADMIN class
description 644
GMQNLIST class
description 644
GMQPROC class
description 644
GMQQUEUE class
description 644
GRANT ALL
DB2 command 434
graphics device
group
as owner of data set profile 155
as owner of resource profile 22
assigning as owner of RACF profile 57
attributes 7
authority 7
authority structure 82
authority to access data set when not in access
list 162
authority to access general resource when not in
access list 204
authorizing to access resources 7
benefits of using RACF groups 55
Index
781
group (continued)
defining 50
summary of steps 59
defining for users with no common access
requirements 52
defining to RACF 15, 50
definition 6
deleting
summary of steps 60
determining the owner of 342
large 54
listing all connections for a user 362
maximum number of users in 50
naming conventions for 55
ownership of a RACF 57
RACF commands for administration 16
rationale for using 41
relationships of users within 42
scope of a 16
specifying group terminal option 59
summary of group-related user attributes 653
UNIVERSAL attribute 54
user attributes at group level 79
using &RACGPID for global access checking 209
using a dummy to protect data sets 154
group access attribute
See GRPACC attribute
group administrator
creating group for 50
delegating responsibility to 58
limits of authority of at the group level 80
role of 12
group already defined in RACF
SYS1 (highest group in RACF structure) 15
group authority
assigning to user 18
checking during list-of-groups checking 112
during authorization checking 722, 723, 724
types 57
group class
defining
overview 21
group data set
allowing access to using GRPACC attribute 78
global access checking table entries using
&RACGPID 211
protecting 153
user with GRPACC attribute 18
GROUP IDENT field
on TSO/E logon panel 530
group identifiers (GIDs) 534
group members
listing all 362
group name
as high-level qualifier for data set 153
associating started procedure names with 143
displaying from RACF database 26
selecting 41
782
group name (continued)

specifying as prefix for data set with single-qualifier
name 123
group names
mapping GID to 534
mapping profiles for 545
mapping to GIDs 543
translating 495
group ownership of UNIX files 548
GROUP parameter
on JOB statement in JCL 344
group profile
DFP segment 518
retrieving SMS information 520
GROUP profiles
using default OMVS segment 541
group structure 15
establishing a RACF 42
example 42
mapping RACF to an existing 50
group terminal option 59
specifying on ADDGROUP or ALTGROUP
command 237
group tree report
DSMON (data security monitor) 80
from DSMON 342
group-AUDITOR attribute
group-OPERATIONS attribute
alternatives
DFDSS authorization 77, 174
group-SPECIAL attribute
authority of user connected to group 57
authority over data set profile owned by group 155
illustration of scope of authority 83
GROUP.OMVS.* profile (FIELD class) 53
GROUP.OMVS.GID profile (FIELD class) 53
GROUPJ qualifier
on NODES profiles 484
GROUPS qualifier
GRPACC (group access) attribute
comparison with &RACGPID 211
GRPLIST operand
with hierarchical file system (HFS) 113
GSDSF class
description 640
description as resource group class
GTERMINL class
activating 223
description as resource group class
example 222
protecting several terminals 236
222
222
H
hardware configuration definition (HCD) program
device numbers 254
unit names for devices 254
Hardware Configuration Definition (HCD) program
JES printer definitions 511
unit names for devices 254
HCD
See Hardware Configuration Definition program
HCICSFCT class
description 642
hierarchical file system
See HFS
hierarchical file system (HFS)
GRPLIST option 113
protecting data 549
hierarchical storage manager
See HSM
high-level qualifier
during authorization checking
for data sets 722
of data set profile name 151
requirements for prefix 123
HIGHTRUST option 613
HIMS class
description 643
use 458
Hiperbatch
creating DLFCLASS profiles for 256
HISTORY suboperand
PASSWORD operand
holding group
defining 51
limit on number of users 51
hostIdMappings extension 612
HSM (hierarchical storage manager)
considerations for tape data sets 188
I
IBMUSER user ID
description 336
logging on as 336
revoking 338
ICETOOL, DFSORT 357
ICF (Information Center Facility)
using to define users to RACF
90
ICHBLP profile (FACILITY class)

authorization checking if TAPEVOL class is
active 190
defining 190
ICHCNX00 exit routine
largely replaced by ICHNCV00 module 152
ICHDEX01 exit routine
description of 25
using to encrypt passwords 142
ICHDEX11 exit routine
description of 25
ICHDSM00 module
See DSMON (data security monitor)
ICHEINTY macro
and field-level access checking 213
ICHNCV00 module
description 151
ICHPWX01 exit routine
description of 25
ICHRTX00 exit
migrating $SUBMIT.userid profiles to SURROGAT
profiles 472
ICHRTX01 exit
ICHSECOP module
preventing duplicate-named data set profiles 168
ICHUNCAT.dataset-name
FACILITY profile 725
protecting with FACILITY profile 121
ICHUSERCAT profile
FACILITY class 121
ICKDSF (Device Support Facilities) system utility
ICSF (Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility)
and digital certificates 582
private keys, suppression of information during RRSF
propagation 273
ID(*) access list entry
contrasted with UACC 163, 346
for system data sets 711
specifying 163, 346
identification label
printed on output 99
IEAABD.DMPAKEY profile (FACILITY class)
defining to protect program dumps 252
IEAABD.DMPAUTH profile (FACILITY class)
defining to protect program dumps 251
IEAVECTOR profile (FACILITY class)
defining 250
IEC.TAPERING profile in the FACILITY class
defining 188
IEHMOVE system utility
data sets with reserved names 157
duplicate-named data sets 167
IIMS class
description 643
IKJEFF53 installation exit
and JESJOBS class 478, 480
Index
783
ILMADMIN class
description 644
implementing RACF
checklist for team 46
preparing plan 37
implicit ownership, associated DB2 privileges 431
IMS (Information Management System)
audit trail capabilities 459
controlling access to control regions 461
controlling access to IMS transactions 461
controlling access to physical terminals 463
controlling dependent region access to control region
resources 463
databases
defining as a RACF user 456
dependent region initialization
libraries
protecting 456
RACF overview 455
RACF support for 455, 466
system data set
system generation considerations 457
using RACF for a sign on 459
IMS application
defining a PTKTDATA profile 243
IMS control region
protecting with APPL profiles 461
IMS security maintenance utility (SMU)
enforcing sign on for all IMS users 460
IMS transaction
IMSCTRL macro (IMS)
controlling access to IMS resources 457
IMSID value 461
RCLASS value 464
IMSJOBS DD name 464, 465
in-storage profile
activating 126
RACGLIST class 259
refreshing generic profile lists 131
saving 259
SETROPTS GENLIST processing for 126
SETROPTS options 126
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for 128
INACTIVE operand
inbound work
authorizing with NODES profiles 483, 500
INFOMAN class
description 644
relation to GINFOMAN class 222
Infoprint Server
Information Management System
See IMS
784
Information/Management
initACEE callable service 556
controlling the use 611
passing additional criteria 578
initialization
initialization statements
protecting JES resources 468
INITSTATS operand
input sources
defining nodes as local sources 499
installation exit
IKJEFF53 478
using to tailor RACF 24
installation exits
password authentication 25
installation security plan 468
installation-defined class
defining
overview 21
Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility
See ICSF
Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF)
and digital certificates 582
private keys, suppression of information during RRSF
propagation 273
interprocess communication objects, restricting
access 139
interval
for changing passwords 110
INTERVAL suboperand
PASSWORD operand
introduction
security administration 2
invalid user IDs
listing in data set access lists 362
IODEVICE statement (MVSCP) 254
IP address
conditional access to SERVAUTH class 206
IP address control with SERVAUTH resources 319
IPCOBJ class
description 645
IRR.DIGTCERT.function 559
IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD 560, 597, 612, 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.ADDRING 560, 598
IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTER 560, 567
IRR.DIGTCERT.ALTMAP 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.CONNECT 560, 598
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELETE 560, 612
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELMAP 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.DELRING 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.EXPORT 560, 617
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT 560, 616, 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENRENEW 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENREQ 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.LIST 559, 560, 563
IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTMAP 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.LISTRING 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.MAP 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.REKEY 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.REMOVE 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.REQCERT 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.REQRENEW 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.REVOKE 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.ROLLOVER 560
IRR.DIGTCERT.VERIFY 618
IRR.HOST.host-name 613
IRR.LISTUSER 219
IRR.PASSWORD.RESET 220
IRR.RCACHESERV.cachename 615
IRR.RPROXYSERV 619
IRR.RTICKETSERV resource 620
IRR@XACS 421
IRRACEE class 334
IRRADU00 utility
logging 5
overview 27
irrcerta user ID 583
IRRDBU00 utility
allowable parameters
LOCKINPUT 355
NOLOCKINPUT 355
UNLOCKINPUT 356
and RACGLIST profiles 353
checking category profiles in the SECDATA
class 98
creating a DB2 database 363
creating a DB2 table space 363
creating optimization statistics for the DB2
database 366
creating the DB2 indexes 364
creating the DB2 tables 364
DB2 table names 366
DB2 utility statements
for deleting group records 366
for loading tables 365
deleting data from the DB2 database 366
description 352
diagnostic capability 352
example 355
executing
input data set specification 354
listing universal group members 353
loading the DB2 tables 365
OMVS segment of user profile 353
operational considerations 353
overview 26
performance considerations 352
QMF form 370
record types 366
reorganizing the unloaded RACF data in the DB2
database 366
report output 371
reports using RACFICE 359
IRRDBU00 utility (continued)

sample report 371
sample SQL query 370
samples using the IRRDBU00 utility output 369
SQL query 370
SQL utility statements
for creating indexes 365
for defining a table space 363
SQL utility statements creating a table 364
steps for using IRRDBU00 output with DB2 363
universal groups 353
usage of the class descriptor table (CDT) 353
using output with DB2 362
using output with DFSORT ICETOOL 357
IRRIRA00 conversion utility 542
IRRMIN00 utility
overview 26
irrmulti user ID 583
IRRRID00 utility
considerations for NOTELINK and NDSLINK
profiles 374
deleting universal groups 384
description 372
examples 376
general resource processing 383
member processing 384
output 379
overview 27
removing universal group members 384
time requirements 384
Tivoli considerations 384
universal groups 384
IRRSCH00 callable service
IRRSDL00 callable service 556
IRRSEQ00 callable service 614
IRRSIA00 callable service 556
irrsitec user ID 583
IRRSPK00 callable service 619
IRRSPX00 callable service
IRRSPY00 callable service
IRRUT100 utility
listing user IDs or group names 26
IRRUT200 utility
overview 26
IRRUT400 utility
overview 26
ISPF panels
compared to RACF TSO commands 13
installation requirements for using 9
sample for password rules 15
using in lieu of commands 9
using instead of commands 13
issuers name filters 573
issuers X.509 distinguished name 570
Index
785
J
JAVA class
description 643
JCICSJCT class
description 642
JCL (job control language)
PROTECT parameter in JCL 188
PROTECT parameter on DD statement 168
replacing password with PassTicket 243
restricting the use of //DD DATA statement 346
SECMODEL parameter on DD statement 168
tape data sets 188
JES (job entry subsystem)
See also JES2, JES3
activating or deactivating options for 120
password print suppression 344
restricting use of JES3 operator commands 345
security 468
STARTED class 469
started procedures table (ICHRIN03) 469
working with RACF 469
JES commands
operator
protecting with OPERCMDS profiles 261
JES input device
allowing access depending on JES input
device 162, 206
protecting with JESINPUT profiles 481
JESINPUT class
activating 482
description 640
protecting JES input devices 481
protecting NJE nodes 510
protecting RJE workstations 510
specifying with WHEN operand on PERMIT
command 162, 206
spool reload 507
JESJOBS class
activating 480
and &RACLNDE profile 228
description 640
finding profiles whose names include a particular
user ID 92
protecting job cancellation 480
protecting job names 478
protecting job submission 478
protecting spool reload 507
JESNEWS data set
protecting with JESSPOOL profile 504, 506
JESSPOOL class
activating 500
and &RACLNDE profile 228
and SETROPTS GENERICOWNER 114
786
JESSPOOL class (continued)

and TSO OUTPUT command 530
and TSO RECEIVE command 530
authorizing users to create profiles 503
description 640
external writer access to profiles 501
user ID 92
protecting JESNEWS data set 504, 506
protecting SYSIN 500, 504
protecting SYSOUT 500, 504
protecting trace data sets 506
JIMS class
description 643
job cancellation
protecting with JESJOBS profiles 480
job control language
See JCL
job data sets
protecting 500
Job Entry Subsystem
See JES
job execution
refreshing global access checking lists 132
refreshing in-storage generic profile lists 131
job initialization
job names
protecting with JESJOBS classes 478
job spool reload
JESINPUT profiles 507
JOB statement (JCL)
ensuring the security of 344
for started procedures 143
specifying password for deferred restart on 345
started procedure system-generated 143
verifying
user ID data 471
job submission
JOBNAMES field
DLFCLASS profile 257
jobs
authorizing NJE 488
restarting 345
starting 145
JOIN group authority
description 58
K
KCICSJCT class
description 642
KERB segment
user profile
contents of 66
Kerberos principal name
KERBLINK class
description 645
453
KERBLINK class (continued)

profiles 608
KERBLVL processing, Network Authentication
Service 606
key encryption, Network Authentication Service 606
key generation, Network Authentication Service 606
key rings 567
key, secured signon
and RACF database 245
defining 241
protecting 245
keyboard 743
KEYENCRYPTED value
RALTER command 246
RDEFINE command 246
KEYMASKED value
RALTER command 246
RDEFINE command 246
KEYSMSTR class 284
L
LABEL parameter (JCL DD statement)
LAN (local area network)
secured signon 241
LAN File Services/ESA
See LFS/ESA
LAN File Services/ESA (LFS/ESA)
See LFS/ESA (LAN File Services/ESA)
LANGUAGE operand
LANGUAGE segment
user profile
contents of 66
large groups 54
large profile size considerations 205
LDAP server
defining an LDAP bind profile 623
event notification 624
user change notification 624
LDAP Server
BIND password 284
LDAPBIND profile 623
LFS/ESA (LAN File Services/ESA)
protecting file services with LFSCLASS profiles
LFSCLASS class
activating 234
description 644
protecting LFS/ESA file services 234
library lookaside (LLA) security 255
library, IMS
protecting 456
License Manager
licensed documents xxv
234
limited use of %* in general resource profile

names 201
limiting
access to system for terminal 238
OPERATIONS users authority 76
size of access lists 205
when a user can log on to system 86
limits for z/OS UNIX users 536
LIMS class
description 644
line drop facility
on TSO 238
link pack area
See LPA
list-of-groups checking
activating 112
deactivating 112
during authorization checking 733, 734
effect on user with group-level attribute 79
LISTBC command (TSO)
auditing when used 276
LISTDSD command
finding out which profile protects a data set 160
LISTUSER command
description 62
PROTECTED attribute 87
RESTRICTED attribute 88
LLA (library lookaside) security 255
LLA-managed data sets
LNOTES segment
user profile
contents of 67
LNOTES segment, USER profile 280
local mode for an RRSF node
description 390
local node 389
local nodes
treating some network nodes as local nodes 499
local principals, Network Authentication Service 605
local realms, Network Authentication Service 604
log record
contents of for IMS 459
log string
using to debug your security 716, 718
logging
access attempts to resources 4
nonstandard data set names in SMF 152
real data set names 123
logging on
preventing user IDs 87
to TSO from another terminal 238
LOGON command with RECONNECT operand on
TSO 238
logon initialization
logon procedure for TSO
protecting 526
Index
787
LookAt message retrieval tool xxiv

Lotus Notes for z/OS 280
LU 6.2 bind
LU security capabilities
with APPC 278
M
MAC
See mandatory access control
MAIN attribute for programs
defining 323
overview 321
managed
user ID associations
defining 394
mandatory access control (MAC)
definition 11
mapping
GIDs
and VLF 543
UIDs
and VLF 543
mapping profiles
for UIDs and GIDs 545
masking
master scheduler initialization (MSI) 720
matching schema names 422
maximum field length unloaded by IRRDBU00 353
maximum number of users per group 50
maximum security for secured signon application
keys 246
maximum VTAM session interval length 134
MCICSPPT class
description 642
MCS
See multiple console support
MCS console
protecting 239
protecting with CONSOLE profiles 239
MCSOPER macro
MDSNBP class
description 643
MDSNCL class
description 643
MDSNDB class
description 643
MDSNJR class
description 643
MDSNPK class
description 643
MDSNPN class
description 643
MDSNSC class
description 643
MDSNSG class
description 643
788
MDSNSM class
description 643
MDSNSP class
description 643
MDSNSQ class
description 643
MDSNTB class
description 643
MDSNTS class
description 643
MDSNUF class
description 643
MDSNUT class
description 643
member class
defining
overview 21
merged profiles, size considerations 205
message
password expiration 111
putting real data set names into 123
unauthorized access attempt 5
warning
message processing
password synchronization 391
message processing region
application resource security for IMS 466
message processing region for IMS 465
message retrieval tool, LookAt xxiv
message traffic
auditing 276
controlling 273
MGMTCLAS class
description 645
protecting SMS management classes 515
MGMTCLAS parameter (JCL DD statement)
migration
converting from LEVEL to SECLEVEL 98
defining JES
as a started procedure 469
with the trusted attribute 469
of existing user IDs to RACF 73
protecting existing data 38
surrogate users 472
MIMS class
description 644
MLACTIVE operand
relationship to SECLABEL class 740
security labels and tapes 181
MLFSOBJ operand
MLIPCOBJ operand
MLNAMES operand
MLQUIET operand
MLS operand
MLS(FAILURES) option
SETROPTS command
security labels and tapes 181
MLSTABLE operand
mode
local 390
remote 390
model data set profile
for GDG data sets 167
system-wide processing options 122
ways to use 39, 163
model general resource profile
ways to use 39
MODEL operand
ADDGROUP command 164
ADDSD command 163
for group data sets 165
ADDUSER command 163
ALTGROUP command 164
ALTUSER command 163
for GDG data sets 167
for group data sets 165
for user data sets 164
modeling certificate name filters 577
MODIFY LLA command
controlling the use of 255
MQADMIN class
description 644
MQCMDS class
description 644
MQCONN class
description 644
MQNLIST class
description 644
MQPROC class
description 644
MQQUEUE class
description 644
MQSeries
MULTIID option of RACDCERT MAP command 578
multilevel security
and SMESSAGE class 274
enforcing fully 137
enforcing partially (compatibility mode) 137
multiple console support
sysplex
command authorization in 261
multiple profiles
for resource groups
resolving conflicts 224
multisystem node 389
multivolume data set

non-VSAM DASD data set
considerations for protecting 168
protecting 168
tape data set
VSAM DASD data set
multivolume tape data set
protecting 177
RACF processing for 189
scratching a 174
MVS message service
and SETROPTS LANGUAGE command 126
MVS system commands
MODIFY LLA command
operator
example of protecting 266
START LLA command
MVS/Data Facility Product
See MVS/DFP
MVSCP
See MVS Configuration Program
N
name
defining for group 55
defining for user 72
name filters, certificate 569
name qualifier
&RACUID and &RACGPID for global access
checking 209
name-hiding, with security labels 140
naming convention table
See also ICHCNV00 module
erasing sensitive temporary data sets 172
protecting temporary data sets with protect-all
naming conventions
conforming or not conforming to 152
for data set profiles 151
for group 55
for user 72
making use of existing 42
table-driven for data sets 151
ways to enforce for data sets 151
national language
users preferred primary and secondary
languages 66
NCICSPPT class
description 642
NDS segment
user profile
contents of 67
NDS segment, USER profile 280
NDSLINK class 281
and IRRRID00 utility processing 374
Index
120
789
NDSLINK class (continued)

description 644
NETCMDS class
description 644
NETSPAN class
description 644
NetView
NETVIEW segment
user profile
contents of 67
network
NJE
propagation in 498
Network Authentication Service
defining foreign principals 609
defining foreign realms 609
defining local principals 605
defining local realms 604
IRR.RTICKETSERV resource 620
IRRSPK00 619
KERBLINK profiles 608
KERBLVL processing 606
key generation 606
protecting resources 603
R_ticketserv callable service 619
network security
NJE network 482
secured signon 240
network security zone, controlling 319
networking profiles
description 483
understanding 483
NEW PASSWORD field
NJE
authorizing jobs 488
authorizing SYSOUT 491
controlling user ID propagation 490
validating SYSOUT 494
NJE header
and security tokens 475
NJE jobs 488
verifying 474
NJE network
propagation
across nodes 498
NJE nodes
NJE security 482
NJE SYSOUT 491
NJEUSERID operand
NOADSP operand
revoking ADSP attribute 79
790
nodes
local
remote
treating some network nodes as local nodes 499
NODES class
activating 499, 513
and RACFVARS class 490
and RACFVARS profiles 485
authorizing inbound work (JES) 483, 500
checking 475
controlling commands from NJE nodes 512
description 640
user ID 92
profiles with RUSER as second qualifier 512
protecting spool reload 507
relation to NODMBR class 222
NODES profiles
description 483
understanding 483
nodes, RRSF 389
local 389
local mode 390
multisystem 389
remote 389
remote mode 390
single-system 389
NODMBR class
description 640
relation to NODES class 222
NOEXPIRED operand 220
NOGLOBAL operand
NOHISTORY suboperand
PASSWORD operand
non-VSAM data set
nonautomatic TAPEVOL profile 184
NONE access authority
nonstandard naming conventions
changing with the naming convention table 151
NOOIDCARD operand 87
NOPADCHK option, with program access to data sets
(PADS) 318
NOPASSWORD operand 87
NORESTRICTED operand 88
NOSTATISTICS operand
NOTELINK class 281
and IRRRID00 utility processing 374
description 644
NOTERMUACC operand
for group terminal option 59, 237
Notices 745
notification, LDAP user changes 624
NOTRUST option of the RACDCERT command

Novell Directory Services for OS/390 280
NVASAPDT class
description 644
567
O
object names
DB2 426
object types
DB2 425
offloading spool (JES2 only) 506
OIDCARD (operator identification card)
storing information in the RACF database 142
using as a password 3
OIMS class
description 644
use 458
OMVS segment
description 19, 20
group profile
contents of 53
list-of-groups checking 113
in GROUP profiles
using default segment 541
in USER profiles
using default segment 541
protecting with FIELD profiles 53, 68
user profile
contents of 68
IRRDBU00 utility 353
ONLYAT operand
ONLYAT option 399
operands
AT
DEFINE
controlling use of on RACLINK command 267
ONLYAT
PWSYNC
controlling use of on RACLINK command 267
operating RACF
considerations for administrators 333
OPERATIONS attribute
alternatives
DFDSS authorization 77, 174
comparison to DASDVOL authority 174
delegating 77
scratching temporary data sets when TEMPDSN
class is active 234
OPERATIONS attribute (continued)

Operations Planning and Control/Advanced
See OPC/A
operator command
JES3
restricting 345
MVS
example of protecting 266
unknown
auditing 265
operator identification card
See OIDCARD
operators
assigning to RACF groups 470
creating user IDs 73
defining to RACF 470
OPERAUDIT operand
SETROPTS command 76
OPERCMDS class
activating 266, 512, 513
auditing for password security 345
description 640
example 266
protecting JESNEWS data sets 504
protecting operator commands 261
protecting SDSF panels 261
protecting unknown operator commands 265
OPERPARM segment
description 19
user profile
contents of 68
options
controlling RACF 108
of commands
AT 396
ONLYAT 399
selecting RACF 24
selecting system-wide with SETROPTS
command 108
organization chart as pattern
for group-user structure with RACF 15
origin LU authorization
APPL class 278
outbound work
authorizing with WRITER profiles 500
using security labels 500
output capturing
for password synchronization 392
for RACF TSO commands 397
OUTPUT command (TSO)
controlling use 530
output destination
controlling with WRITER profiles 510
output of RACF commands, capturing 29
Index
791
output parameters
DB2
XAPLDIAG 433
OUTPUT statement (JCL)
overriding
default UACC for a data set profile 162
default UACC for general resource 204
overriding SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority 551
overwriting
a tape data set or tape volume 185
authority to overwrite a tape data set 187
OVM segment
description 19, 20
group profile
contents of 54
user profile
contents of 69
owner
GENERICOWNER operand on SETROPTS
command 114
ownerless profile 334
ownership
of data set profile 155
of RACF group 57
of RACF profile 9
of RACF user profile 73
resource profile 22
various concepts of 23
ownership structure
establishing for your installation 41
P
PADCHK option, with program access to data sets
(PADS) 318
PADS
See program access to data sets
parameter lists
EXPL 421
XAPL 421
parameters
DB2
XAPLDIAG 433
partner LU
protecting conversations with APPL profiles 278
partner LU name device
conditional access to APPCPORT class 162, 206
PassTicket
See also secured signon
applications that generate 247
bypassing PassTicket replay protection 248
definition 241
enabling 249
generating 247
protecting with PTKTDATA profiles 241
792
PassTicket (continued)
time range 247
validating 247
verifying
the environment 249
password
activating or deactivating monitoring options 110
alternative to 241
automatic direction 416
bypassing protection 342, 345
change interval 110
checking after restarting a job 345
consecutive incorrect passwords to revoke user
ID 111
controlling access to RACF passwords 345
delegating authority to reset 220
encryption of RACF user 142
for RVARY command processing 113
maintaining for password-protected data sets 189
number of previous passwords to be saved 111
preventing revocation of user IDs 87
preventing unauthorized disclosure of on IMS 465
print suppression by JES 344
processing exit 25
replacing with PassTicket in JCL 243
resetting
using IRR.PASSWORD.RESET authority 220
specifying on TSO LOGON command 531
syntax rules 109
validating 247
warning message for password expiration 111
password authentication
exit routines for 25
password authentication exits 25
password enveloping 627
PASSWORD field
password on bind
PASSWORD operand
PASSWORD parameter
consideration for inbound NJE jobs 486
consideration for surrogate job submission 471
password protection
bypassing 21, 342
utilizing or bypassing for tape data sets 175
utilizing or bypassing for tape volumes 176
password rules
ISPF panel for 14
controlling 267
defining
for other users 394
for your user ID 394
message processing 391
output capturing 392
password-protected data set 166
password-protected data set (continued)

providing protection for 189
passwords
controlling automatic direction of 271, 272
PCICSPSB class
description 642
PERFGRP class
activating 526
considerations 528
description 645
protecting TSO performance groups 526
performance
and DASDVOL authority 173
and UNIXMAP class 543
and VLF 543
for general resource profiles 198
generic profiles 199
performance group for TSO
protecting 526
permission bits
for z/OS UNIX data 549
PERMIT command
to limit OPERATIONS users authority 76
PIMS class
description 644
use 458
planning
JES system programmer 468
security 468
PMBR class
description 640
relation to PROGRAM class 222
POSIT value in class descriptor table (CDT)
extends CLAUTH authority 77
POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED constant 547
PPT (program properties table)
bypass password protection setting 342, 345
DSMON report 342
system key setting 342
prefix
for single-qualifier data set name during authorization
checking 158
PREFIX operand
single-qualifier data set names 152
preventing
accesses to resources with REQUEST=AUTH
preprocessing routine 347
changes to security labels 135
duplicate-named data set profiles 168
security exposure due to //DD DATA statement 346
user from accessing system 78
primary language
installation defaults 126
primary RACF database 349
principal name, Kerberos 453
principal name, Tivoli 453

Print Services Facility (PSF)
See also PSF (Print Services Facility)
See also PSF/MVS
identification label 99
Print Services Facility/MVS
See PSF/MVS
printer security
PRINTSRV class
description 644
private key
extending 583
RACF size restrictions 557
rekeying 585
renewing 583
replacing 585
retiring 585
rollover 585
private keys
extracting using R_datalib callable service 615
storing in Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility
(ICSF) 582
suppression of information during RRSF
propagation 273
privilege names
DB2 427
privileged attribute
determining which started procedures have 343
started procedure 144
privileges
DB2
ALTER INDEX 432
any schema 433
any table 433
CREATE VIEW 432
CREATETMTAB 432
DROP INDEX 432
REFERENCES 433
UPDATE 433
of ownership
implicit 431
problems
jobs cannot be initiated 741
started procedures fail 741
users cannot log on 741
PROCACT class
description 645
PROCESS class
description 645
products supported by RACF
DCE 447
DFSMSdfp 515
IMS 455, 466
JES 468
SMS (Storage Management Subsystem) 515
TSO 525, 531
Index
793
products, IBM
using with RACF
CICS 279
profile
connect
coordinating updates 333
data set
description of discrete and generic 20
description of group 52
description of user 62
general resource
group
contents of 19
group ownership of a 57
IRR.DIGTCERT.ADD 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.EXPORT 617
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENCERT 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.GENRENEW 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.REQCERT 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.REQRENEW 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.REVOKE 618
IRR.DIGTCERT.VERIFY 618
listing information from RACF 29
owning a data set 155
owning a group 57
recording statistics in 28
rules for defining data set 151
searching for 31
secured signon 241
size considerations 205
types of RACF 9
user
contents of 19
profile modeling
automatic 163
ways to use 39
profile name
for PTKTDATA class 242
high-level qualifier of data set 151
rules for specifying
profile ownership
delegating for FACILITY class 219
profiles
database
synchronizing 417
in RRSFDATA class
controlling automatic direction 269
mapping
PWSYNC
controlling password synchronization 267
RACF
migrating DB2 data to 445
794
profiles (continued)
UNIXMAP class
USER
program
program access to data sets (PADS)
choosing PADCHK or NOPADCHK option 318
examples 329
in BASIC program security mode 314
in ENHANCED program security mode 320
PROGRAM class
description 640
examples 329
protecting DSMON 28, 74
relation to PMBR class 222
command 206
program control
by system identifier (SMFID)
overview 308
ENHANCED program security mode 320
example of command to activate 331
examples 329
informational messages 324
IP addresses, protecting with 319
migrating from BASIC to ENHANCED mode 311
overview 303
program security modes 305
protecting program libraries 313
SERVAUTH resources, protecting with 319
using MAIN or BASIC attributes 321
program dump
protecting with data set profiles 251
protecting with EXECUTE authority 252
using non-RACF methods to control access to 253
program library
defining data set profile to protect 331
examples of protecting 329
protecting, overview 313
program properties table
See PPT
program properties table report
from DSMON 342
program security modes
overview 305
program-accessed data set 162
programs
protecting 303
sample
IRR@XACS 421
using with RACF
DB2 279
propagation
across a network 478
propagation (continued)
across nodes
in NJE network 498
controlling a user ID 473, 490
definition 477
in an NJE environment 490
PROPCNTL profiles 473
support for JES user identification 346
PROPCNTL class
activating 473
and &RACLNDE variable 473
and RACF variables 490
controlling user ID propagation 473
description 641
PROTECT parameter (JCL DD statement)
for a new data set 185
planning for the use of 38
protecting non-VSAM data sets 168
protecting tape volumes and tape data sets 189
tape data sets 188
when protecting tape data sets 178
protect-all processing
PROTECTALL operand
with generic profile checking 161
PROTECTED user attribute 87
protected user IDs
and IMS 456, 461, 464
and JES batch jobs 474
and started procedures 143
description 87
with z/OS UNIX 536
protecting
a multivolume tape data set 177
all data sets 119
batch user IDs 474
cataloged tape data set 177
catalogs 172
consoles 239
DASD data sets 169
data on tape 174
data sets 20, 150
data sets that have single-qualifier data set
names 152
data sets with a dummy group name 154
data sets with discrete profiles 155
data sets with discrete profiles through ADSP
attribute 78
data sets with generic profiles 156
DFP-managed temporary data sets 234
duplicate-named data sets residing on different
volumes 167
existing data on tape 177
file system resources in the z/OS UNIX
environment 549
GDG data sets 166
general resources 195
protecting (continued)
group data sets 153
group terminals 59
HFS files 549
IMS libraries 456
IMS user IDs 464
JES batch user IDs 474
multivolume data sets with discrete profiles 168
Network Authentication Service resources 603
new data on tape 178
non-VSAM data sets using JCL PROTECT
parameter 168
non-VSAM data sets using the JCL SECMODEL
parameter 168
programs 303
RACF database 349
started procedure user IDs 143
tape volumes 178
terminals 235
TSO resources 526
uncataloged tape data set 177
user IDs 87
vector facility 250
z/OS UNIX user IDs 536
PROXY segment
user profile 70
PSF (Print Services Facility)
PSF for OS/390 (Print Services Facility)
protecting services with PSFMPL profiles 275
PSF.DPAGELBL resource 275
PSFMPL class
protecting PSF functions 275
PTKTDATA class
activating 241
APPC application profile name 243
application names 245
CICS application profile name 243
example of defining a profile 247
HTTP Server 245
IMS application profile name 243
MVS batch job profile name 243
profile names 242
protecting PassTickets 241
TSO profile name 244
VM profile name 245
PTKTVAL class
PUBLIC* user ID
DB2
publications
on CD-ROM xxiii, xxiv
softcopy xxiii, xxiv
Index
795
PWSYNC operand
RACLINK command
PWSYNC profile
in RRSFDATA class 267
Q
QCICSPSB class
description 642
QIMS class
description 644
use 458
QMF form 370
R
R_admin callable service 614
R_cacheserv callable service
R_datalib callable service 556
R_dceruid callable service
R_PKIServ
end-user functions 616
R_PKIServ callable service
R_proxyserv callable service
R_ticketserv callable service 619
RACDBULD
member of SYS1.SAMPLIB 362
RACDBUQR
RACDBUTB
RACDCERT command
administering digital certificates 557
LISTMAP option 572
MULTIID option 578
NOTRUST option 567
TRUST option 567
RACDEF macro
See RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE macro
RACF
and z/OS UNIX 533
authorization checking
database unload utility (IRRDBU00) 352
publications
on CD-ROM xxiii, xxiv
softcopy xxiii, xxiv
remove ID utility (IRRRID00) 372
support for DB2 authorization 421
using with other programs
DB2 279
RACF administration
796
RACF commands
attributes and authorities required 653
effecting a VLF cache flush 334
for group administration 16
for user administration 15
logging attempts to issue 4
operator
summary of 649
to display information from RACF profiles 29
to search for RACF profile names 31
using 13
using exits to perform additional authorization
checking 25
RACF database
backup RACF database 349
considerations for 348
coordinating profile updates 333
multiple data sets 349
multiple IMS control regions sharing a 457
protecting secured signon application keys 245
protection of 349
sample DDL statements 362
sharing 350
sharing among z/OS, OS/390, and VM systems 13
sharing data using RRSF 350
switching to alternate 349
RACF database cross-reference utility
RACF database unload utility
See IRRDBU00 utility
RACF exits report
from DSMON 342
administering 436
allowing access to DB2 object
example of 439, 440, 443, 444
authority checking 422
FASTAUTH return code translation 438
reason codes 438
return codes 438
authorization processing
examples 439
configuring 421
deferring to DB2
example of 442
denying access to DB2 object
example of 441
initialization 436
migrating to 422
reason codes 437
removing 437
return codes 437
RACF implementation
organizing 35
RACF indication
for data sets 155
RACF naming convention table
See ICHCNV00 module
RACF options
listing system-wide
example 336
selecting 24
selecting system-wide with SETROPTS
command 108
using 108
RACF profile
description 9
listing information from 29
logging attempts to modify 4
recording statistics in 28
searching for 31
RACF protection
activating or deactivating for general resource
class 115
bypassing during system access of system data
sets 172
enforcing during system access of system data
sets 173
need for 2
tailoring 24
RACF report writer
debugging your security arrangements 716, 718
performance 5
stabilization 5, 28
using 4
RACF security topics
RACF TSO commands
compared to ISPF panels 13
RACF variable
&RACLNDE profile 228
and PROPCNTL class 490
defining with RACFVARS profiles 226
example 227
using 227
using in profile names 226
RACF-indicated data set
definition of 155
RACFDB2 utility 445
RACFEVNT class
description 641
RACFICE procedure 357
RACFVARS class
&RACLNDE profile 499
activating 227, 499
analyzing profiles from SEARCH 33
and NODES class 490
and NODES profiles 485
and PROPCNTL class 490
choosing 199
defining RACF variables 226
description 646
local nodes 499
relation to RVARSMBR class 222
using 227
RACGLIST class
and IRRDBU00 353
RACGLIST class (continued)

description 641
saving in-storage profiles 259
RACHECK macro
See RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH macro
RACINIT macro
See also RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY macro
See RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFYX macro
RACLINK command 392
DEFINE operand
description 62
PWSYNC operand
RACLIST macro
See RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro
RACLIST operand
RACLIST processing
profile size considerations 205
RACLISTing
See SETROPTS RACLIST processing
RACONVRT EXEC
helps to convert SYS1.UADS entries to RACF user
profiles 71, 73
RACROUTE REQUEST=AUTH macro
for authorizing access to resources 719
for tapes 191
tailoring with installation exit routine 24
RACROUTE REQUEST=DEFINE macro
for tapes 191
to define tape volumes to RACF 176
RACROUTE REQUEST=EXTRACT macro
and field-level access checking 213
RACROUTE REQUEST=FASTAUTH macro
RACROUTE REQUEST=LIST macro
RACLIST 260
RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFY macro
brief description of RACF processing 740
using with profiles in the APPL class 233
RACROUTE REQUEST=VERIFYX macro
brief description of RACF processing 740
RACSLUNK security label 486
RALTER command
for PTKTDATA profiles 242
RDEFINE command
for PTKTDATA profiles 241
to define tape volumes to RACF 176
READ access authority
editing a data set to which you have 347
Index
797
real data set names option

effect on single-qualifier names 152
REALDSN operand
REALM class
description 645
reason codes
from the RACF external security module 437
RECEIVE command (TSO)
auditing when used 276
controlling use 530
receiving data
auditing 276
reconnecting to existing TSO session from another
terminal 238
recording
bypassing for statistics 118
real data set names 123
REQUEST=VERIFY processing statistics 118
statistics for resources 118
statistics in RACF profiles 28
reducing
I/O requests to the RACF database 350
REFERENCE authorization
on DB2 table columns 433
REFRESH operand
refreshing
global access checking lists 132
in-storage generic profile lists 131
in-storage profiles
how to avoid 56
profiles for SETROPTS RACLIST processing 517
SETROPTS GENLIST processing 127
for TSO general resource classes 529
rekeying a private key 585
remote mode for an RRSF node
description 390
remote node 389
remote sharing
See RRSF (RACF remote sharing facility)
remote workstations
protecting 508
remove ID utility (IRRRID00) 372
renaming a data set
multivolume with generic profile 168
renewing a private key 583
replacing a private key 585
replay protection for PassTickets, bypassing 248
report output 371
report writer
using the RACF 28
reports
produced by DSMON 341
Reports based on the database unload utility
(IRRDBU00) 359
798
REQCERT
REQRENEW
REQUEST=AUTH preprocessing exit
during failsoft processing 348
to prevent access to resources 347
REQUEST=DEFINE preprocessing installation exit
during failsoft processing 348
overriding normal RACF authorization 153
REQUEST=FASTAUTH
for authorization checking to IMS transaction 458
when IMS issues 462
REQUEST=LIST
listing programs authorized to issue 342
REQUEST=LIST exit
REQUEST=VERIFY
listing programs authorized to issue 342
REQUEST=VERIFY exits
problems 742
REQUEST=VERIFY processing
REQUEST=VERIFY statistics
bypassing collection of 117
requirements
encryption
secured signon function 246
resetting passwords
delegating authority for 220
RESGROUP operand
RLIST command 223
residual IDs
using IRRRID00 utility to find 377
resource
deciding what to protect 37
protecting 20
rules for naming profiles
resource access authority
resource class
belonging to an IMS control region 457
defining
overview 21
resource group class
defining
overview 21
resource group profiles
choosing 199
description 221
resource groups
rules for multiple profiles
default 224
user exits 224
resource member class
defining
overview 21
resource names
DB2 426, 429
resource profile
ownership 22
resources
DB2
local 434
remote 434
RESOWNER field
compared to OWNER field 23
restored jobs
protecting 507
RESTRICTED attribute
RESTRICTED operand 88
RESTRICTED user attribute 88
restricted user IDs
description 88
RESTRICTED.FILESYS.ACCESS profile 550
restricting
access to SVC dumps containing passwords 346
use of //DD DATA statement 346
user IDs 88
users access to resources 79
RESUME operand
ALTUSER command 112
CONNECT command 56
to activate a previously revoked user ID 111
RETAIN field
DLFCLASS profile 257
retiring a private key 585
RETPD operand
to specify security retention period for data sets 186
return codes
from the RACF external security module 437
translation
FASTAUTH 438
REVERIFY value
APPLDATA field
RDEFINE command 463
reverse MAC (mandatory access checking)
for outbound work 500
REVOKE
REVOKE attribute
REVOKE operand
CONNECT command 56
REVOKE suboperand
PASSWORD operand
revoked user ID
using the RESUME operand to activate a 111
revoking
IBMUSER user ID 338
preventing 87
revoking (continued)
the ADSP attribute 79
unused user ID 111
user ID based on consecutive incorrect
passwords 111
users access to system 78
users access to the system 91
REXX RACVAR function package
determining current security label 105
RJE consoles
protecting 507, 508
RJE workstation
RJP consoles
protecting 508
RJP workstation
RLIST command
to list information in TVTOC of tape volume
profile 182
RLIST DIGTCERT 564
RMTOPS class
description 645
RODMMGR class
description 645
ROLE class
description 645
rollover of private key 585
routines
sample
IRR@XACS 421
RRSF (RACF remote sharing facility) 388
introduction 350
local mode 390
local node 389
multisystem node 389
nodes 389
remote mode 390
remote node 389
security categories
maintaining in an RRSF environment 98
single-system node 389
suppression of private-key information
propagation 273
RRSFDATA class
controlling
access to RACLINK command 267
access to RRSF functions 266
use of AT operand 268
use of RACLINK DEFINE operand 267
use of RACLINK PWSYNC operand 267
controlling automatic direction
of commands 269
of passwords 271, 272
description 641
RSCS node
control of inbound jobs or data 482
Index
799
rules
establishing password syntax 109
ISPF panel 14
for data set qualifiers 157
for defining data set profiles 151
for defining generic profiles
for generic data set profiles 157
for generic profile checking of data sets 158
for generic profile checking of general
resources 202
for high-level qualifiers of a data set name 158
for naming groups 55
for naming users 72
for protecting group data sets 153
for protecting user data sets 152
resolving multiple profiles
default 224
user exits 224
RUSER qualifier
in NODES profiles 484, 512
RVARSMBR class
relation to RACFVARS class 222
RVARY command
protection 265
setting password for processing 113
RVARYPW operand
S
SAF (system authorization facility)
handling of JES RACROUTE macro calls 469
ICHRTX00 router exit routine 720
ICHRTX01 router exit routine 720
propagation of security information
across a network 478
from incoming jobs 471, 477
router exits
description 720
diagram of RACF router 727
diagram of SAF router 725
problems 742
user token 721
z/OS UNIX services 549
SAF callable services, authorizing applications that
invoke 611
sample
ISPF panel 15
QMF form 370
report from IRRDBU00 output 371
SAVE command
requirements for issuing 347
SCDMBR class
relation to SECDATA class 222
schema names 422
SCICSTST class
description 642
800
scope of a group
description 16
resources that are within 80
using the group tree report to show 342
scratch function
SCRATCH function
to scratch data sets on a volume 173
scratch pool volume
definition 178
predefining for tape data sets 184
scratching temporary data sets
when TEMPDSN class is active 234
SDSF (System Display and Search Facility)
protecting panels with OPERCMDS profiles 261
WRITER profiles 511
SDSF class
description 641
relation to GSDSF class 222
SEARCH CLASS(DIGTCERT) 565
SEARCH command
and RACFVARS profiles 33
example to identify cataloged group data sets 60
example to identify cataloged user data sets 92
to find all data sets with expired security retention
period 185
with CLIST option
to maintain security categories in an RRSF
environment 98
searching
for RACF profile names 31
SECDATA class
assigning security categories to users 85
assigning security levels to users 85
relation to SCDMBR class 222
SECLABEL class
and CONSOLE class 240
and JESNEWS 505
and PSF for OS/390 275
and SMESSAGE class 274
and spool offload 506
and surrogate job submission 472
and TSO SEND command 529
and WRITER class 500
assigning security labels to users 85
planning considerations 104
protecting consoles 240
protecting terminals 238
RACSLUNK label 486
relationship to SETROPTS MLS, MLACTIVE, and
MLQUIET settings 740
SETROPTS options for 135
tape volume considerations 181
SECLABEL field
SECLABEL parameter
SECLABELCONTROL operand
SECLBYSYSTEM operand
SECLJ qualifier
SECLMBR class
description 641
SECLS qualifier
SECMODEL parameter
on DD statement in JCL 344
SECMODEL parameter in JCL
protecting non-VSAM data sets 168
secondary language
installation defaults 126
secured signon application key
and RACF database 245
defining 241
encrypting 246
masking 245
protecting 245
secured signon function
See also passticket
activating the PTKTDATA class 241
changing profiles 242
example of defining a profile 247
in a shared environment 246
overview 240
problem prevention 249
protecting keys 245
verifying
the environment 249
security
for DB2 objects 420
security administration
delegating 93
introduction 2
security administrator
limits of authority of at the group level 80
role of 12
tools to manage the RACF database 25
tools to monitor and control RACF 25
security category
assigning to users 85
assigning with SECDATA profiles 85
definition 8
deleting UNKNOWN categories 98
how RACF uses 23, 95
maintaining categories in an RRSF environment 98
tape volume 181
understanding 97
security classification of users and data
definition 8
security classification of users and data (continued)

how RACF uses 23, 85, 95
understanding 97
security console
sending warning messages to 5
security events
z/OS UNIX auditing 115
security implementation team
responsibilities 36
selecting 36
security information
sent across nodes
in NJE network 498
security label
activating by system image 140
assigning to users 85
assigning with SECLABEL profiles 85
checking for messages with DIRAUTH profiles 274
compatibility mode 137
console considerations 105
consoles 240
copying from model profile 40
definition 8
description 99
enforcing multilevel security 137
JES writer 500
JES writer considerations 105
planning considerations 104
preventing copying to a lower security label 136
protecting 135
restricting access to file system resources 139
restricting access to interprocess communication
objects 139
SETROPTS MLS option 40
system data sets 711
tape volume considerations 181
tape volumes 181
terminal considerations 105
terminals 238
using name-hiding 140
security level
assigning with SECDATA profiles 85
converting from LEVEL to SECLEVEL 98
definition 8
how RACF uses 23, 85, 95
tape volume 181
understanding 97
SECURITY macro (IMS)
FORCSIGN value of SECLVL operand 459
RACFAGN operand 464
RACFTERM operand 459
SIGNON value of SECLVL operand 459
security retention period
how RACF uses for tape data sets 185
searching for all tape data sets with expired 185
system-wide for tape data sets 124
security topics for RACF
Index
801
segment
APPCLU profile 217, 232
CDTINFO segment
CICS segment
contents 65
DCE segment
contents 65
DFP segment
contents 53, 66
DFSMS storage administrator 59
RACF processing 520
SMS-managed data sets 518, 519
DLFCLASS profile 216, 256
DLFDATA segment
contents 256
group profile
contents of 52
KERB segment
contents 66
LANGUAGE segment
contents 66
LNOTES segment
contents 67
NDS segment
contents 67
NETVIEW segment
contents 67
OMVS segment
contents 53, 68
IRRDBU00 utility 353
list-of-groups checking 113
OPERPARM segment
contents 68
OVM segment
contents 54, 69
profile modeling 39
PROXY segment 70
PTKTDATA profile 217
SESSION segment
contents 232
SSIGNON segment
STARTED profile 217
802
segment (continued)
STDATA segment
SVFMR segment
TME segment
contents 54
TSO segment
contents 70
controlling access to fields in 214
example 90
SECLABEL field 101
user profile
contents 63
WORKATTR segment
contents 71
segments
STDATA 145
selected data sets report
from DSMON 343
selected user attribute report
from DSMON 343
selected user attribute summary report
from DSMON 343
SEND command (TSO)
controlling with SMESSAGE profiles 529
sending messages
TSO SEND command
SERVAUTH class 613
description 641
SERVER class
description 641
session interval, VTAM
maximum 134
SESSION segment
APPCLU profile
contents 232
maximum VTAM session interval 134
password 134
SESSIONINTERVAL operand
SESSKEY value for APPCLU class profiles 232
EARLYVERIFY operand 471
GENLIST operand 126
hints for selected options 108
in-storage profiles 126
RACLIST operand 126
specifying system-wide RACF options with 108
SETROPTS GENLIST processing
SETROPTS GENLIST processing (continued)

deactivating 127
refreshing 127
SETROPTS KERBLVL processing, Network
Authentication Service 606
SETROPTS MLS option
effect on copying of security label in profile
modeling 40
SETROPTS RACLIST processing
activating for TSO general resource classes 528
APPCLU class, not used 232
APPL class 233
avoiding deadlocks 252
CONSOLE class 240
CSFKEYS class 279
CSFSERV class 279
deactivating 129
DEVICES class 255
DLFCLASS class 258
FACILITY class (first profile) 218
FACILITY class (program dumps) 252
FIELD class 215
GCSFKEYS class 279
how to avoid refreshing 56
member classes 225
MGMTCLAS class 517
NODES class 499
OPERCMDS class 266
performance benefits 198
profile size considerations 205
PROPCNTL class 473
PTKTDATA class 241
RACFVARS class 227, 499
refreshing 130
refreshing for TSO general resource classes 529
refreshing profiles for SMS classes 517
resource group classes 225
SMESSAGE class 274, 530
STORCLAS class 517
TERMINAL class 223, 236
UNIXPRIV class 547, 548
VTAMAPPL class 275
SETROPTS STATISTICS option
maintaining two sets of statistics in a discrete
resource profile 116
setting
ADDCREATOR options for DASD 169
ADDCREATOR options for tape 169
NOADDCREATOR options for DASD 169
NOADDCREATOR options for tape 169
SFSCMD class
description 646
shared in-storage profile
SETROPTS GENLIST processing for 126
SETROPTS RACLIST processing for 128
shared RACF database 350
across multiple IMS control regions 457
and secured signon function 246
sharing among z/OS, OS/390, and VM systems 13
shared user IDs

restricting access to resources 79
shortcut keys 743
SID value
SMFPRMxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB 243, 244
sign on
enforcing for all IMS users 460
SIMS class
description 644
use 458
single signon support for DCE 450
single-qualifier data set name
how RACF prefixes during authorization
checking 158
protecting data set that has 123, 152
single-system node 389
SINGLEDSN operand
indicating tape volume contains one data set 184
RDEFINE command
effect on tape volumes 184
size considerations for profiles 205
SMESSAGE class 274
activating 274, 530
controlling the TSO SEND command 529
defining profile 274
description 641
protecting receipt of TSO messages 273
SMF (system management facility)
control of logging to data set 74
listing RACF-generated records 28
logging records to 4
SMF CONTROL file
and PTKTDATA profile 245
SMF data unload utility
performance 5
SMF system identifier
for PTKTDATA profile 243, 244, 245
SMFPRMxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB
and PTKTDATA profile 243, 244
SMS
SMS (Storage Management Subsystem)
controlling use of additional resources 523
controlling use of SMS classes 516
DFP segment in RACF profiles 517
general resource classes for protecting SMS
classes 515
management classes
protecting with MGMTCLAS profiles 515
storage classes
protecting with STORCLAS profiles 516
SMS-managed data set
determining owner of 520
DFP segment of group profile 518
DFP segment of user profile 518
Index
803
SMS-managed data set (continued)

password protection for 166
SMS-managed volume
DASDVOL authority restriction 174
DFDSS-authorized storage administration 174
SNAME field, LNOTES segment 280
SOMDOBJS class
description 641
SPECIAL attribute
listing users with 85, 362
spool
protecting
dumped jobs 507
job data sets 500
restored jobs 507
SYSIN data sets 500
SYSOUT data sets 500
system data sets 476
trace data sets 506
restricting access 530
spool offload
considerations for JES2 506
WRITER class 506
spool reload
protecting with NODES profiles 507
SQL query
sample statements for IRRDBU00 output 362, 370
SSIGNON operand
RALTER command 246
RDEFINE command 241, 246
SSIGNON segment
PTKTDATA profile
stage 3 of application identity mapping 542
standard access list
standard naming conventions
when defining data set profiles 151
START command 145
START LLA command
STARTED class 144
description 641
JES (job entry subsystem) entry 469
setting up 144
STARTED profile names 145
STDATA segment 145
started procedure
bypassing security classification checking 144
considerations 147
defining
using the STARTED class 144
using the started procedures table
(ICHRIN03) 146
804
started procedure (continued)

effect on SURROGAT checking 473
failsoft processing for 348
granting access to during authorization
checking 720
identifying by user ID 6
IMS running as a 456
preventing logon and revocation of user IDs 87
using 143
started procedures table (ICHRIN03)
creating 146
dynamic, using the STARTED class 144
JES (job entry subsystem) entry 469
started procedures table report
from DSMON 343
statistics
bypassing recording of 118
bypassing REQUEST=VERIFY processing 117
maintaining 117
recording for classes 118
recording for REQUEST=VERIFY processing 118
recording in RACF profiles 28
using RACF to keep 5
statistics collection
using SETROPTS STATISTICS 116
STATUS suboperand
RVARYPW operand (SETROPTS command) 113
STDATA segment 145
STARTED profile
STORCLAS class
description 645
protecting SMS storage classes 516
STORCLAS parameter (JCL DD statement)
subjects and issuers name filters 574
subjects name filters 573
subjects X.509 distinguished name 570
SUBMIT command (TSO)
controlling 346
controlling job submission 478
IKJEFF53 installation exit 478
submitter information
for local jobs 490
for NJE jobs 490
from not trusted nodes 490
from trusted nodes 490
submitter validation 494
submitting jobs
allowing another user to submit jobs for you 481
controlling 478
surrogate users 471, 481
SUBSYSNM class
description 645
summary
defining a RACF group 59
defining general resources 196
defining users 89
deleting groups 60
summary (continued)
deleting users 91
of RACF authorities 649
of RACF commands 649
superuser authority 536
SUPERUSER.FILESYS authority, overriding 551
SUPERUSER.FILESYS.ACLOVERRIDE profile 551
SURROGAT class
activating 473
authorizing surrogate users 472
controlling TSO SUBMIT command 346
description 641
migrating from $SUBMIT.userid FACILITY-class
profiles 472
RACF variable example 229, 230
setting up surrogate users 471, 481
started task 473
surrogate job submission
across NJE networks 486
authorizing 471, 481
surrogate user
authorizing 481
authorizing with SURROGAT profiles 471, 472
SVC dump
restricting access to dumps containing
passwords 346
SVFMR segment
SWITCH suboperand
RVARYPW operand (SETROPTS command) 113
switching
to alternate RACF databases 349
synchronization
of database profiles
establishing 417
SYS1.HELP data set
global access checking table entries for
SYS1.HELP 210
SYS1.PARMLIB data set
CONSOLxx member 239
SMFPRMxx member 243, 244
SYS1.SAMPLIB
RACDBULD member 362
RACDBUQR member 362
RACDBUTB member 362
SYS1.UADS data set
converting with RACONVRT EXEC 71, 73
deleting user entry 92
maintaining for certain users 71, 525
SYSAREA parameter
on OUTPUT statement in JCL 345
SYSIN data sets
protecting 500, 501
protecting with JESSPOOL profiles 500, 504
SYSLOG data sets
protecting with JESSPOOL profile 506
SYSMVIEW class
description 641
SYSOUT data sets
authorizing NJE 491
protecting 500, 501
protecting with JESSPOOL profiles 500, 504
RACSLUNK security label 486
SYSOUT requests
&SUSER value 475
how verified 475
SYSOUT spool reload
sysplex
MCS
command authorization in 261
sysplex communication
data sharing option 652
sysplex data sharing option
parameters 355
performance 352
system authorization facility
See SAF
system data set
IMS system 456
protecting 172
security labels 711
System Display and Search Facility
See SDSF
System Display and Search Facility (SDSF)
See SDSF (System Display and Search Facility)
system generation, IMS
considerations 457
system identifier (SMFID)
using for program control
system key
DSMON report 342
system management facility
See SMF
system operators
system programmer
system report
from DSMON 341
system resources
checking the status of 341
system security
administering 12
checking by using DSMON reports 341
decentralizing administration 12
system-wide RACF options
activating or deactivating using SETROPTS
command 108
T
table space for DB2
creating 363
Index
805
tables
dynamic started procedures
and STARTED class 144
started procedures
creating 146
dynamic 144
tape data set
activating or deactivating protection for 174
activating protection for 123
authority to access a protected 175
authorization requirements for TAPEVOL and
TAPEDSN options 187
authorizing access to data set on tape volume with a
TVTOC 179
checking the security retention period 185
command to protect an existing
example 177
creating discrete tape volume profile 155
deleting RACF protection 185
description of TVTOC 182
DFP-managed
example of command to create generic profile
for 179
HSM considerations 188
maximum number of TVTOC entries 182
maximum number of volumes 178, 183
predefining tape volume profiles for 184
PROTECT parameter in JCL 188
protecting 20, 150
protecting a cataloged 177
protecting an existing 177
protecting an uncataloged 177
protecting multivolume 177
protecting new 178
attribute 78
protecting with PROTECT parameter in JCL 189
protection for nonlabeled (NL) tapes 191
protection with nonstandard labels (NSL) 191
protection with TAPEVOL and TAPEDSN
options 175
providing password protection for 189
RACF processing for a multivolume 189
specifying DISP=DELETE 156
system-wide security retention period 124
tape label
authorization requirements for 191
bypassing tape label processing 190
data set and volume protection for nonlabeled
tapes 191
data set and volume protection with nonstandard
labels 191
tape volume
activating protection for 124
authority to access a protected 176
authorizing access to data set on a 179
automatic TVTOC tape volume profile 183
defining with a TVTOC 178
806
tape volume (continued)

defining without a TVTOC 180
example of command define with a TVTOC 179
example of command to define without a
TVTOC 180
example of command to delete access lists 181
maximum number a data set may span 183
maximum span 178
nonautomatic tape volume profile 184
OPERATIONS users authority to create or destroy
labels 75
protecting 178
protecting with PROTECT parameter in JCL 189
protection and bypass label processing (BLP) 190
protection for nonlabeled (NL) tapes 191
protection with nonstandard labels (NSL) 191
protection with TAPEVOL and TAPEDSN
options 175
providing password protection for data sets on 189
removing write-enable ring when user has READ
access authority 188
tape volume profile
containing a TVTOC 182
contents of 183
predefining for tape data sets 184
tape volume table of contents
See TVTOC
tape VTOC
See TVTOC
TAPEDSN operand
TAPEDSN options
effect on tape volume and tape data set
protection 175
TAPEVOL class
activating 124, 175
defining profiles with a TVTOC 178
defining profiles without a TVTOC 180
example of using on RDEFINE command 179
must be active for bypass label processing 190
TAPEVOL options
effect on tape volume and tape data set
protection 175
TCAM terminal
TCICSTRN class
description 642
relation to GCICSTRN class 222
technical support personnel
role of 12
teleprocessing device
TEMPDSN class
activating 234
description 642
protecting DFP-managed temporary data sets 234
temporarily preventing significant RACF activity 136
temporary data sets
erasing 172
global access checking table 120
nonstandard names 120
protect-all 120
protecting with TEMPDSN profiles 234
terminal
allowing access depending on terminal 162, 205
controlling access to IMS 463
controlling access to resources based on security
levels 86, 96
limiting access to system 238
limiting when terminal can be used 86
preventing the use of undefined 236
protecting 235
protecting with GTERMINL profiles 236
protecting with SECLABEL profiles 238
protecting with TERMINAL profiles 235, 460, 463
specifying group terminal option 59
time and day-of-week access checking 87
UACC authorities for undefined terminals 133
TERMINAL class
activating 223, 236
protecting IMS terminals 460, 463
protecting terminals 235
relation to GTERMINL class 222
command 162, 205
terminal name
on a VTAM, TCAM or BTAM system 235
TERMINAL operand
terminal operator for IMS
forcing reverification 463
identifying and verifying 459
TERMUACC operand
specifying on ADDGROUP or ALTGROUP
command 237
time of day
terminal can access system 87, 238
user can access system 86
time range
PassTicket 247
timed PERMIT
providing 56
TIMS class
activating 223
description 644
relation to GIMS class 222
use 458
Tivoli
defining administrators 453
Tivoli (continued)
Tivoli principal name 453
Tivoli Service Desk
TME segment
data set profile
group profile
contents of 54
TMEADMIN class
description 645
use 453
token
submitter information propagated from trusted
nodes 475
TPUT macro
auditing when users receive data sent 276
trace data set
protecting with JESSPOOL profile 506
transaction
authorization checking in CICS 735
authorization checking in IMS 735
controlling access in IMS 461
defining in IMS 462
entering from a terminal 461
grouping under a single name in IMS 462
IMS 461
transaction authorization exit (IMS)
elapsed time checking 463
translating
group names 495
security labels 495
user IDs 495
TRANSMIT command (TSO)
controlling use 530
TRUST option of the RACDCERT command 567
trusted attribute
started procedure 144
TSO
using when RACF is deactivated 531
VTAM generic resource name 244
TSO account number
protecting with ACCTNUM class 526
specifying with TSO/E logon panel 71
TSO command
ALLOCATE
protecting data sets with discrete profiles 155
using the PROTECT operand on 168
using the SECMODEL operand on 168
and RACF 530
CANCEL
controlling job cancellation 480
CONSOLE
Index
807
TSO command (continued)

EDIT
using 347
LISTBC
auditing 276
LOGON with RECONNECT operand 238
OUTPUT
RECEIVE
auditing 276
SEND
SUBMIT
controlling 346
controlling job submission 478
IKJEFF53 installation exit 478
TRANSMIT
TSO Extensions
See TSO/E
TSO Information Center Facility
See TSO ICF
TSO line drop facility 238
TSO logon procedures
protecting with TSOPROC class 526
TSO messages
protecting with SMESSAGE profiles 273
TSO performance groups
protecting with PERFGRP class 526
TSO resources
protecting 526
TSO segment
controlling access to fields in 214
description 19
overriding information in 71
user profile
contents of 70
example 90
SECLABEL field 101
TSO session
building from information in TSO segment 70
TSO user attributes
moving from SYS1.UADS to RACF database 70
TSO user authorities
protecting with TSOAUTH class 526
TSO/E
RACF support for 525, 531
TSOAUTH class
activating 526
considerations 528
description 645
protecting TSO user authorities 526
808
TSOAUTH class (continued)

TSOPROC class
activating 526
considerations 528
description 645
protecting TSO logon procedures 526
TVTOC (tape volume table of contents)
authorizing access to data set on tape volume
with 179
defining tape volume without a 180
defining tape volumes with a 178
description 182
HSM considerations 188
maximum number of data set entries 182
TVTOC operand
creating TVTOC for tape volume 184
example of using on RDEFINE command 179
U
UACC (universal access authority)
ACCTNUM class 526
checking what is specified for system data sets 343
CONSOLE class 240
contrasted with ID(*) 9
contrasted with ID(*) 163, 346
coverage of
batch jobs not associated with a RACF-defined
user 162
RACF-defined users only 346
users not defined to RACF 162, 346
DATASET class 162
default for user when connected to a group 85
DEVICES class 255
DLFCLASS class 257
during authorization checking for devices 734
during authorization checking for terminals 733
FACILITY class
for data sets 162
for system data sets 711
for undefined terminals 133
JESINPUT class 482
overriding 204
overriding for a data set profile 162
PERFGRP class 526
RACFVARS class 226
SMESSAGE class 274
specifying default for undefined terminals 236
SURROGAT class 472
TAPEVOL class 179
TSOAUTH class 526
TSOPROC class 526
VTAMAPPL class 275
UACC (universal access authority) (continued)

WRITER class 511
UCICSTST class
description 642
UID mapping
and VLF 543
UNIXMAP class profiles 545
UIMS class
description 644
use 458
UNAME field, NDS segment 280
unauthorized access attempts
logging 4
uncataloged data sets
undefined user
capabilities on a RACF-protected system 61
UNDEFINEDUSER operand
unit record device
universal access authority
See UACC
universal groups
defining 54
deleting 384
listing members 353
RACFICE reports 360
removing members 384
using database unload (IRRDBU00) 353
using database unload (IRRRID00) 384
UNIXMAP class
description 645
populating 544
UNIXMAP class profiles
UNIXPRIV class
CHOWN.UNRESTRICTED profile 547
description 645
managing z/OS UNIX privileges 546
unknown operator command
auditing 265
unknown security categories
deleting 98
unknown user token
for jobs submitted from a physical reader 475
UPDATE access authority
UPDATE authorization
on DB2 table columns 433
USE group authority
description 57
user
accountability of individual 5
as owner of data set profile 155
user (continued)
as owner of resource profile 22
assigning user and group attributes 16
attributes 7, 73
authority required to define new user 58
authority to access data set when not in access
list 162
authority to access general resource when not in
access list 204
authorizing to access resources 7
classifying 95
defining 50
summary of steps 89
defining IMS as a RACF 456
defining to RACF 15, 61
defining to RACF using ICF 90
deleting
summary of steps 91
educating system users 44
encryption of RACF user passwords 142
excluding from system 18
forcing batch users to identify themselves to
RACF 470
identification with USER operand 347
identifying by user ID 6
identifying control region users for IMS 461
limiting when user can log on 86
maximum number connected to a group 50
naming conventions for 72
RACF commands for administration 15
relationships within a group 42
requirements to log on to TSO 530
restricting access to resources 79
revoking access to system 78
sending warning messages to 5
support for JES user ID propagation 346
verification
checking when restarting jobs 345
verifying
use of console 733
use of IP address 733
use of JES input device 733
use of terminal 732
user attribute
description of various 73
specifying 16
user authority for TSO
protecting 526
user data set
protecting 152
user ID
activating a previously revoked 111
as high-level qualifier for data set 152
assigning to batch user 41
associating started procedure names with 143
controlling propagation of 473
creating blocks of using CLIST 73
deactivating an unused 111
default user IDs 498
Index
809
user ID (continued)
displaying from RACF database 26
during authorization checking
for data sets 722
early verification of by JES 471
extended password and user ID processing 110
invalid
listing in data set access lists 362
migrating to RACF 73
preventing logon and revocation 87
propagation for jobs that have no validated user
ID 471
protected 87
restricted 88
revoking an unused 111
revoking based on consecutive incorrect
passwords 111
selecting 41
specifying as prefix for data set with single-qualifier
name 123
translating 495
using &RACUID for global access checking 209
user ID associations
approving 394
defining 394
for other users 394
for your user ID 394
deleting 395
listing 395
managed
defining 394
user ID authentication
user ID propagation
control in an NJE environment 490
when jobs are submitted 471
user identifiers (UIDs) 535
user IDs
???????? 498
++++++++ 498
creating for RRSF users 73
creating for system operators 73
DB2
PUBLIC* 431
mapping profiles for 545
mapping to UIDs 543
mapping UID to 535
security default 497
suggestions for defining 72
user limits for z/OS UNIX 536
USER parameter
user profile
authority of CLAUTH user to define 77
contents 63
DFP segment 518
810
user profile (continued)

for the IBM support personnel 347
ownership of 73
profiles 63
retrieving SMS information 520
user
contents 63
USER profiles
user structure 15
user token 721
USER.OMVS.* profile (FIELD class) 68
USER.OMVS.HOME profile (FIELD class) 68
USER.OMVS.PROGRAM profile (FIELD class) 68
USERJ qualifier
USERS qualifier
using the NOINITSTATS option
for REQUEST=VERIFY processing statistics 117
utilities
database unload (IRRDBU00) 352
IRRADU00 27
IRRDBU00 26
IRRIRA00 542
IRRMIN00 26
IRRRID00 27
IRRUT100 26
IRRUT200 26
IRRUT400 26
mvsexpt 448
mvsimpt 448
overview 25
RACFDB2 445
remove ID (IRRRID00) 372
V
validation
security 494
VCICSCMD class
description 642
vector facility
protecting with FACILITY profile 250
VERIFY
verifying
NJE jobs 474
Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF)
z/OS UNIX performance considerations 543
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method
See VTAM
VLF (Virtual Lookaside Facility)
z/OS UNIX performance considerations 543
VLF cache
flushing with RACF commands 334
VM
finding information for RACF tasks 13
sharing a RACF database among z/OS, OS/390, and
VM systems 13
VMBATCH class
description 647
VMBR class
description 647
relation to VMEVENT class 222
VMCMD class
description 647
VMEVENT class
description 647
relation to VMBR class 222
VMMAC class
description 647
VMMDISK class
description 647
VMNODE class
description 647
VMPOSIX class
description 647
VMRDR class
description 647
VMSEGMT class
description 647
VMXEVENT class
description 647
relation to VXMBR class 222
volume authority
DASD volume 173
VSAM data set
protecting
using commands 157
VTAM (Virtual Telecommunications Access Method)
VTAM application programs
protecting with VTAMAPPL profiles 274
VTAM generic resource name for TSO 244
VTAM LU 6.2 bind
activating APPCLU class 232
controlling 231
example of APPCLU class 232
using APPCLU class 231, 232
VTAM password on bind
enforcing 231
VTAM session interval
maximum 134
VTAM session-level security
controlling 231
VTAM terminal
VTAMAPPL class
activating 275
description 642
protecting VTAM applications 274
VXMBR class
description 647
relation to VMXEVENT class
222
W
warning message
number of days before password expires 111
unauthorized access attempt 5
WARNING suboperand
PASSWORD operand
WebSphere Application Server 556
providing automatic registration of digital
certificates 582
using digital certificates to access 568
WHEN operand
PERMIT command
specifying when terminal can access system 87
WHEN(APPCPORT) operand
of PERMIT command 162, 206
WHEN(CONSOLE) operand
on PERMIT command 162, 205
WHEN(JESINPUT) operand
WHEN(PROGRAM) operand
of PERMIT command 206
WHEN(SERVAUTH) operand
of PERMIT command 162, 206
WHEN(SYSID) operand
on PERMIT command 206
WHEN(TERMINAL) operand
WIMS class
description 644
use 458
WITH GRANT option
DB2 434
work entering system
run by a RACF-defined user 137
WORKATTR segment
user profile
contents of 71
workstations
secured signon 240
write-enable ring
removing when opening a tape data set for
input 188
when opening a tape data set for input 187
WRITER class
activating 511
and SDSF 511
authorizing outbound work 500
controlling output destination 510
Index
811
WRITER class (continued)

spool offload 506
writer, external
access to spool data sets
501
X
X.500 directory information tree 569
X.509 issuers distinguished name 570
X.509 subjects distinguished name 570
XAPL 421
XAPLDIAG 433
XAPLFUNC
and RACF external security module
initialization 436
XAPLPRIV 423
XAPLTYPE 423
Z
z/OS Security Server Network Authentication
Service 603
z/OS UNIX
access control lists (ACLs) 549
and RACF 533
auditing security events 115
automatic assignment of UNIX identities 538
file system resources, restricting access 139
group identifiers (GIDs) 534
group ownership of files 548
hierarchical file system (HFS) 549
permission bits 549
protected user IDs 536
SETROPTS MLFSOBJ in effect 139
setting user limits 536
sharing UNIX identities 537
superuser authority 536
user identifiers (UIDs) 535
Virtual Lookaside Facility (VLF) 543
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z/OS

Security Server RACF

Security Server RACF

Seventh Edition, March 2005

Listing Information from RACF Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Chapter 2. Organizing for RACF Implementation . . . .

Chapter 3. Defining Groups and Users . . . . . . . .

Chapter 4. Classifying Users and Data . . . . . .

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Comparing Security Labels . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 5. Specifying RACF Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Quiescing RACF Activity (MLQUIET Option) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 6. Protecting Data Sets on DASD and Tape . . . . . . . . .

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Authorization Requirements for Tape Data Sets When TAPEVOL Is Active

Controlling the Use of Undefined Terminals . . . . . . . . . .

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Chapter 8. Administering the Dynamic Class Descriptor Table (CDT)

Chapter 9. Protecting Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 10. Operating Considerations . . . . . . . .

Defining Administrator User IDs for Your Own Use . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 12. The RACF Remote Sharing Facility (RRSF) . . . . . . . . 387

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Establishing User ID Associations in the RRSF Network . . . .

AUTOBIND Requests for User-Defined Functions. . .

Chapter 14. RACF and DCE . . . . . . . .

Chapter 15. RACF and Tivoli Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Chapter 16. RACF and Information Management System (IMS)

Chapter 17. Providing Security for JES . . . . . .

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Where NJE Jobs Are Verified . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 18. RACF and Storage Management Subsystem (SMS) . . . .

Chapter 19. RACF and TSO/E . . . . . . . .

Chapter 20. RACF and z/OS UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Defining user identifiers (UIDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 21. RACF and Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . .

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Chapter 22. RACF and z/OS Security Server Network Authentication

Chapter 23. Controlling applications that invoke callable services

Chapter 24. Configuring z/OS to participate in an EIM domain . . . . . 621

Chapter 26. Password enveloping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A. Supplied class descriptor table entries . . . . . . . . . 639

Appendix C. RACF Profile Summaries . .

Appendix D. RACF External Security Module: Authorization

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Appendix E. Security for System Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

RACF Authorization Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Copyright IBM Corp. 1994, 2005

Output from the RACDCERT LIST Command with LABEL . . . . . . . . . . .

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

Copyright IBM Corp. 1994, 2005

z/OS V1R6.0 Security Server RACF Security Administrators Guide

About this document

Who should use this document

How to use this document

Defining Profiles for General Resources on page 195

Where to find more information

z/OS Version 1 Release 6 Collection