A MANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT

1.

GENERAL :
The manual is intended to provide broad guidelines to the candidates in the
preparation of the project report. In general, the project report shall report, in an
organised and scholarly fashion an account of original .work of the candidate
leading to the discovery of new facts or techniques or correlation of facts already
known (analytical, experiments, hardware oriented etc.)

2.

NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED :

Students should submit no. of students+1 copies to the Head of the
Department concerned on or before the specified date.
The Head of the
Department should send (i) One copy to the Department library (ii) Other copies
to the students concerned.

3.

SIZE OF PROJECT REPORT :

The size of project report should not exceed 60 pages of typed matter reckoned
from the first page of Chapter 1 to the last page.

4.

ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS OF PROJECT REPORT :

The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound
should be as follows :
1.

Cover Page & Title page

2.

Bonafide Certificate (college,company)

3.

Abstract

4.

Acknowledgement

5.

Table of Contents

6.

List of Tables

7.

List of Figures

8.

List of Symbols, Abbreviations or Nomenclature (Optional)

9.

Chapters

10.

Appendices

11.

References

The Tables and Figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

5.

PAGE DIMENSIONS AND MARGIN :

The dimensions of the final bound copies of the project report should be 290mm x
205mm. Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm) paper may be used for preparing
the copies.
The final copies of the project report (at the time of submission) should have the
following page margins :
Top edge

30 to 35 mm

Bottom edge

25 to 30 mm

Left side

35 to 40 mm

Right side

20 to 25 mm

The project report should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not
lower than 80 gms /Sq. Meter.
Tables and figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large size figures
should be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size before
insertion.
6.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION:
The headings of all items 2 to 11 listed section 4 should be typed in capital letters
without punctuation and centred 50mm below the top of the page. The text
should commence 4 spaces below this heading. The page numbering for all items
1 to 8 should be done using lower case Roman numerals and the pages thereafter
should be numbered using Arabic numerals.
6.1

Title page A specimen copy of the title page for project report is given
in Appendix 1.

6.2

Bonafide Certificate Using double spacing for typing the Bonafide

Certificate should be in this format :

APPENDIX 2
<A typical specimen of table of contents>
<Font Style Times New Roman>

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

<Font Style Times New Roman Size - 18>

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
<Font Style Times New Roman size 16>
<Font Style Times New Roman size 14>
Certified that this project report .TITLE OF THE PROJECT...
is the bonafide work of NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)
who carried out the project under my supervision.
<<Signature of the Head of the Department>>
SIGNATURE

<<Signature of the Supervisor>>

SIGNATURE

<<Name>>
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

<<Name>>
SUPERVISOR
<<Academic Designation>>

<<Department>>

<<Department>>

<<Full address of the Dept & College>>

<<Full address of the Dept & College>>

6.3.

Abstract Abstract should be an essay type of narrative not exceeding

600 words, outlining the problem, the methodology used for tackling it
and a summary of the findings.

6.4.

Acknowledgement It should be brief and should not exceed one page

when typed double spacing.

6.5.

Table of contents The table of contents should list all material following
it as well as any material which precedes it. The title page, bonafide
Certificate and acknowledgement will not find a place among the items
listed in the table of contents but the page numbers of which are in lower
case Roman letters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing
the matter under this head.

6.6.

List of Tables The list should use exactly the same captions as they
appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.7.

List of Figures The list should use exactly the same captions as they
appear below the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.8.

List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomanclature One and a half

spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. Standard
symbols, abbreviations etc. should be used.

6.9.

Chapters The chapters may be broadly divided into 5 parts (i)

Introductory chapter, (ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the
project report, (iii) Results, Discussion and Conclusion.
The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may
be further divided into several divisions and sub-division as follows.
Chapter 1:Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Need for the project
Chapter 2 : System Analysis
2.1 Literature survey.
2.2 Existing system and its limitations.
2.3 H/W & S/W requirements.
.

Chapter 3:System Design

3.1 Project Description.
3.2 Dataflow Diagram.
3.3 Tables
Chapter 4:System Testing
4.1 Objective of testing
4.2 Module testing
4.3 Integration testing
Chapter 5 : Result and Conclusion
5.1 Sample o/p with description
5.2 Advantages of the project.
5.3 Scope of the Future use.
5.4 Conclusion.

6.10.

6.11.

Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate

vicinity of the reference where they are cited.
Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space
and placed directly underneath in the very same page which refers to
the material they annotate.

Appendices Appendices are provided to give supplementary

information, which if included in the main text may serve as a distraction
and cloud the central theme under discussion.

Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix

1, Appendix 2, etc.

Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be

numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of
chapters.

List of References Any work of other researcher is used either directly

or indirectly the origin of the material thus referred to at appropriate places
in the project report should be indicated. A paper, a monograph or a book
may be designated by the name of the first author followed by the year of
publication, placed inside brackets at the appropriate places in the project
report should be indicated. A paper, a monograph or a book may be
designated by the name of the first author followed by the year of
publication, placed inside brackets at the appropriate place of reference.
The citation may assume any one of the following forms.

Examples of citation
(i)

An improved algorithm has been adopted in literature (Tsychiya

1980)

(ii)
(iii)

Jankins and Walts (1968) have dealt at length this principle.

The problems of mechanical manupulators has been studied by
Shin et al (1984) and certain limitations of the method used, has
been pointed out by Shin et al (1984 a).

The listed should be typed 4 space below the heading

REFERENCES in alphabetical order in single spacing left-justified. The
reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first
author. The name of the author/authors should be immediately followed by
the year and other details. A typical illustrative list given below relates to
the citation examples quoted above.
REFERENCES
1.
2.

6.12.

Ariponnammal S. and Natarajan S. (1994) Transport Phonomena

of Sm Se 1-x Asx Pramana Journal of Physics Vol. 42 No.5
pp.421-425
Barnard R.W. and Kellogg C. (1980) Applications of Convolution
operators to Problems in univalent function theory. Michigan
Mach. J., Vol 27, pp 81-94

3.

Jankins G.M. and Walts D.G. (1968), Spectral Analysis and its
Applications Holder Day, Sanfrancisco.

4.

Shin K.G. and Mckay N.D. (1984) Open loop minimum time
control of mechanical manupulations and its applications, Proc.
Amer. Contr. Conf., San Diego, CA, pp. 1231-1236.

Tables and Figures By the word Table, is meant tabulated data in the
body of the project report as well as in the appendices. All other material
used in the body of the project report and appendices such as charts,
graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures.

A table or figure including caption should be accommodated within the

prescribed margin limits and appear on the page following the page
where their first reference is made.

Tables and figures on half page or less in length may appear on the
same page along with the text. However, they should be separated
from the text both above and below by triple spacing.

All tables and figures should be prepared on the same paper or

material used for the preparation of the rest of the project report.

For preparing captions, numerals, symbols or characters in the case of

tables or figures, the Computer should be used.

Two or more small tables or figures may be grouped if necessary in a

single page.

Whenever possible, the entire photograph(s) may be reproduced on a

full sheet of photographic paper.

Photographs, if any, should be included in the colour xerox form only.

More than one photograph can be included in a page.

Samples of Fabric, Leather, etc., if absolutely necessary may be

attached evenly in a page and fixed/pasted suitably and should be
treated as figures.

7.

TYPING INSTRUCTIONS

7.1

General
This section includes additional information for final typing of the project
report. Some information given earlier under Manuscript preparation
shall also be referred.
The impressions on the typed copies should be black with Times New
Roman Font of size 12.
Uniformity in the font of letters in the same project report shall be
observed.
A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have atleast two full lines
below it or else it should be carried over to the next page.
The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen.
One and a half spacing should be used for typing the general text.

Single spacing should be used for typing:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Long Tables
Long quotations
Foot notes
Multiline captions
References

All quotations exceeding one line should be typed in an indented space

the indentation being 15mm from either margins.
Double spacing should be used for typing the Bonafide Certificate and
Acknowledgement.
7.2.

Chapters
The format for typing chapter headings, divisions headings and sub
division headings are explained through the following illustrative
examples.
Chapter heading
Division heading

: CHAPTER 1

(16 bold caps)

INTRODUCTION (16 bold caps)

Division heading

: 1.1 OUTLINE OF PROJECT REPORT

(14 bold caps)

Sub-division heading

: 1.1.2. Literature review. (14 bold small)

1.1.2.1 review from papers (12 bold small)

The word CHAPTER without punctuation should be centered 50mm down

from the top of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should
be typed centrally in capital letters. The text should commence 4 spaces
below this title, the first letter of the text starting 20mm, inside from the
left hand margin.
The division and sub-division captions along with their numberings should
be left-justified. The typed material directly below division or sub-division
heading should commence 2 spaces below it and should be offset 20mm
from the left hand margin. Within a division or sub-division, paragraphs
are permitted. Even paragraph should commence 3 spaces below the last
line of the preceding paragraph, the first letter in the paragraph being
offset from the left hand margin by 20mm.

8.

NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS
8.1.

Page Numbering
All pages numbers (whether it be in Roman or Arabic numbers) should be
typed without punctuation on the upper right hand corner 20mm from top
with the last digit in line with the right hand margin. The preliminary
pages of the project report (such as Title page, Acknowledgement, Table of
Contents etc.) should be numbered in lower case Roman numerals. The
title page will be numbered as (i) but this should not be typed. The page
immediately following the title page shall be numbered (ii) and it should
appear at the top right hand corner as already specified. Pages of main
text, starting with Chapter 1 should be consecutively numbered using
Arabic numerals.

8.2

Numbering of Chapters, Divisions and Sub-Divisions

The numbering of chapters, divisions and sub-divisions should be done,
using Arabic numerals only and further decimal notation should be used
for numbering the divisions and sub-divisions within a chapter. For
example, sub-division 4 under division 3 belonging to chapter 2 should be
numbered as 2.3.4. The caption for the sub-division should immediately
follow the number assigned to it.
Every chapter beginning with the first chapter should be serially numbered
using Arabic numerals. Appendices included should also be numbered in
an identical manner starting with Appendix 1.

8.2.

Numbering of Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures appearing anywhere in the project report should bear
appropriate numbers. The rule for assigning such numbers is illustrated
through an example. Thus if as figure in Chapter 3, happens to be the
fourth then assign 3.4 to that figure. Identical rules apply for tables except
that the word Figures is replaced by the word Table. If figures (or tables)
appear in appendices then figure 3 in Appendix 2 will be designated as
Figure A 2.3. If a table to be continued into the next page this may be
done, but no line should be drawn underneath an unfinished table. The top
line of the table continued into the next page should, for example read
Table 2.1 (continued) placed centrally and underlined.

8.3.

Numbering of Equations
Equations appearing in each Chapter or Appendix should be numbered
serially, the numbering commencing a fresh for each Chapter or Appendix.
Thus for example, an equation appearing in Chapter 2, if it happens to be
the eighth equation in that Chapter should be numbered (2.8) thus:
C(s)

G1 G2
9

----R(s)

----------------1 + G1 G2 H

(2.8)

While referring to this equation in the body of the project report it should
be referred to as Equation (2.8).

9.

BINDING SPECIFICATIONS
The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report
should be bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper. The cover
should be printed in black letters and text for printing should be identical.

10

APPENDIX 1
(A typical Speciman of Cover Page & Title Page)
<Font Style Times New Roman Bold>

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

<Font Size 18><1.5 line spacing>
A PROJECT REPORT
<Font Size 14>
Submitted By
<Font Size 14><Italic>
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)
<Font Size 16>
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
<Font Size 14><1.5 line spacing><Italic>
NAME OF THE DEGREE
<Font Size 16>
IN
BRANCH OF STUDY
<Font Size 14>
NAME OF THE COLLEGE
<Font Size 14>
ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025
<Font Size 16><1.5 line spacing>
MONTH & YEAR
<Font Size 14>

11

APPENDIX 3
<A typical specimen of table of contents>
<Font Style Times New Roman>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO.

1.

TITLE
ABSTRACT

iii

LIST OF TABLE

xvi

LIST OF FIGURES

xviii

LIST OF SYMBOLS

xxvii

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

1.2 ..

1.2.1 General

1.2.2..

12

1.2.2.1 GENERAL

19

1.2.2.2 ..

25

1.2.2.3 ..

29

1.2.3 .

2.

PAGE NO.

30

1.3 ..

45

1.4 ..

58

LITERATURE REVIEW

69

2.1 GENERAL

75

2.2 ..

99

2.3 ..

100

12