08/07/2014
TOPICS
GSM
Global System
for Mobiles
1
GSM CONCEPTS
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
IDENTITIES USED IN GSM
GSM CHANNELS
GSM RADIO LINK
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
CALL MANAGEMENT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
08/07/2014
TOPICS
Telecom Basics
GSM CONCEPTS
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
IDENTITIES USED IN GSM
GSM CHANNELS
GSM RADIO LINK
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
CALL MANAGEMENT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Communication
o Voice and Data
o Analog and Digital
o Circuit Switched and Packet Switched
o Media - Copper Wire, Co-axial cable, Air, Optical
Fibre
o Networks -PSTN, ISDN, PDN and Mobile
Networks
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Background to GSM
1G : Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
2G : Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (D-AMPS)
2G : Global System for Mobile (GSM)
2G : Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Analog, Circuit Switched, FDMA, FDD
GSM History
Digital, Circuit Switched, FDMA, FDD
Digital, Circuit Switched, FDMA and TDMA, FDD
Digital, Circuit Switched, CDMA, FDD
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Development of the GSM
Standard
1982:
Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM)
created
1984:
Description of GSM features
1985:
List of recommendations settled
1987:
Initial MoU (Memorandum of
Understanding) aside the drafting
of technical specifications was
signed by network operators of 13
countries:
1988:
Validation and trials, of the radio
interface.
1991:
First system trials are
demonstrated at the Telecom 91
exhibition.
1992:
GSM Specifications
Official commercial launch of
GSM service in Europe. First
Launch in Finland
1993:
The GSM-MoU has 62
signatories in 39 countries
worldwide.
1995:
Specifications of GSM phase 2
are frozen.
1999:
GSM MoU joins 3GPP (UMTS)
GPRS Trials begins
2000:
480M GSM Network operators
Worldwide
First GPRS Networks roll out
12 SERIES
OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE
02 SERIES
SERVICE ASPECTS
11 SERIES
EQUIPMENT AND TYPE
APPROVAL SPECIFICATIONS
03 SERIES
NETWORK ASPECTS
10 SERIES
SERVICE INTERWORKING
04 SERIES
MS-BSS INTERFACE AND
PROTOCOLS
09 SERIES
NETWORK
INTERWORKING
05 SERIES
PHYSICAL LAYER ON THE
RADIO PATH.
08 SERIES
BSS TO MSC INTERFACES
End 2002: 792M GSM Net work
Operators Worldwide
01 SERIES
GENERAL
07 SERIES
TERMINAL ADAPTERS
FOR MOBILE STATIONS
06 SERIES
SPEECH CODING
SPECIFICATIONS
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Wireless Data Technology Options
Increasing GSM Data Rates
photo
E/GPRS
ISDN
PSTN
web
2M
video
clip
report
1M
video
report clip
photo
e-mail web
e-mail
Transmission Time
video
report clip
photo
web
e-mail
GSM
throughput kbps
UMTS
10 sec
web
photo
1 min
video
report clip
10 min
GPRS = General Packet Radio Service
HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data
EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
1 hour
EDGE
64 k
10 k
video
report clip
photo
100 k
1k
UMTS
HSCSD
14.4
GPRS
9.6
Time frame
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
GPRS = General Packet Radio Service
HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data
EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
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Circuit-Switched or PacketSwitched
What are the types in
GSM Network?
Circuit mode
GSM-900 (Channels 125 operating band 900Mhz
carrier spacing 200khz spacing 45Mhz)
A
Packet mode
GSM -1800 (Channels 374 spacing 95Mhz)
GHF
D
A
C
GHF
GSM -1900(Used in USA)
D
C
A
C
GHF
C
D
A
H
11
12
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Multiple Access
Technique
Duplex Technique
Multiple Access Achieved by dividing the available radio
frequency spectrum, so that multiple users can be given
access at the same time.
FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
o ( eg: GSM each Frequency channel is 200KHz)
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
o ( eg: GSM each frequency channel is divided into 8
timeslots)
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
o (eg: IS95- Each User data is coded with a unique
code)
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Duplex - How the up link and Down link of a user is
separated
FDD - Frequency Division Duplex
o (eg:In GSM the up link and down link of a user is separated
by 45MHz )
TDD - Time Division Duplex
o (the up link and down link of a user will be at the same
frequency but at different Time )
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GSM System
specifications
Frequency band
Uplink
Downlink
Duplex Frequency Spacing
Carrier separation
Frequency Channels
Time Slots /Frame(Full Rate)
Voice Coder Bit Rate
Modulation
Air transmission rate
Access method
Speech Coder
Access Techniques
890 - 915 MHz
935 - 960MHz
45MHz
200KHz
124
8
13Kbps
GMSK
270.833333 Kbps
FDMA/TDMA
RPE-LTP-LPC
Uplink 890 MHz to 915 MHz
Down Link 935 MHz to 960 MHz
25 MHz divided into 125 channels of 200 KHz
bandwidth
UP
15
890.0
890.2
890.4
914.8
915.0
DOWN 935.0
935.2
935.4
959.8
960.0
16
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GSM in comparison with
other Standards
Access Techniques ...
Time Division Multiple Access
Each carrier frequency subdivided in time domain
into 8 time slots
Each mobile transmits data in a frequency, in its
particular time slot - Burst period = 0.577 milli secs.
8 time slots called a TDMA frame. Period is .577 * 8
= 4.616 milli secs
0.577 ms
0
4.616 ms
7
17
GSM gives mobility without any loss in Audio quality
Encryption techniques used gives high security in the air
Interface and also use of SIM.
Bit Interleaving for high efficiency in Transmission.
Variable Power (Power budgeting- extend battery life)
Minimum Interference.
Features-CCS7 Signaling
o SMS (Short Message Services)
o Emergency Calls
o CELL Broadcast
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GSM - Network
Structure
TOPICS
MS
Um
GSM CONCEPTS
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
IDENTITIES USED IN GSM
GSM CHANNELS
GSM RADIO LINK
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
CALL MANAGEMENT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
BTS
HLR
VLR
BSC
Abis
MSC
A
MS
AuC
GMSC
BTS
E
Abis
A
MSC
F
EIR
PSTN
BSC
Um
BTS
X.25
VLR
X.25
OMC Server
19
20
10
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GSM Architecture
GSM Network
SS
External
PSTN &
PDN N/W
VLR
Switching
System
AUC
HLR
VMSC
GSM
Air interface
EIR
B
S
C
Abis
interface
OMC
A
interface
TRAU
SMSC
HLR
AUC
MSC
PSTN
MSC
MS Mobile Station
BTS Base transceiver System
BSC Base Station Controller
MSC Mobile Switching Center
BSS BSC
HLR Home Location Register
VLR Visitor Location Register
BTS
EIR Equipment Identity Register
AUC Authentication Center
MS
OMC Operation And Maintenance Center
BTS
BTS
BTS
Base Station
System
BTS
VLR
EIR
OMCS
BTS
BTS
Mobile
Station
21
B
S
C
Network and switching
subsystem
OMCR
Base Station System
A interface SS7 / speech
X.25
SS7
22
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