C2

Worksheet A

DIFFERENTIATION

a y = x2 + 6x

dy
= 0.
dx
b y = 4x2 + 2x + 1
c y = x3 12x

e y = x3 5x2 + 3x

f y=x+

In each case, find any values of x for which

9
x

d y = 4 + 9x2 x3

g y = (x2 + 3)(x 3)

h y = x 2 2x

Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is increasing when

a f(x) 2x2 + 2x + 1

b f(x) 3x2 2x3

c f(x) 3x3 x 7

d f(x) x3 + 6x2 15x + 8

e f(x) x(x 6)2

f f(x) 2x +

8
x

Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is decreasing when

a f(x) x3 + 2x2 + 1

b f(x) 5 + 27x x3

c f(x) (x2 2)(2x 1)

f(x) x3 + kx2 + 3.

Given that (x + 1) is a factor of f(x),

a find the value of the constant k,
b find the set of values of x for which f(x) is increasing.
5

Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve.

a y = x2 + 2x

b y = 5x2 4x + 1

d y = 4x3 + 3x2 + 2

e y = 2x + 3 +

g y=
6

1
x

8
x

4x2

h y = 2x 2 6x

c y = x3 3x + 4
f y = x3 9x2 21x + 11
i

y = 9x 3 2x + 5

Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve. By evaluating

d2 y
at each
dx 2

stationary point, determine whether it is a maximum or minimum point.

a y = 5 + 4x x2

b y = x3 3x

c y = x3 + 9x2 8

d y = x3 6x2 36x + 15

e y = x4 8x2 2

f y = 9x +

h y = 3 8x + 7x2 2x3

g y = x 6x 2
7

y=

4
x

x 4 + 16
2x2

Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve and determine whether each
stationary point is a maximum, minimum or point of inflexion.
a y = x2 x3

b y = x3 + 3x2 + 3x

d y = 4 12x + 6x2 x3

e y = x2 +

16
x

c y = x4 2
f y = x4 + 4x3 1

Sketch each of the following curves showing the coordinates of any turning points.
a y = x3 + 3x2

b y=x+
1

d y = 3x 4x 2

1
x

e y = x3 + 4x2 3x 5
Solomon Press

c y = x3 3x2 + 3x 1
f y = (x2 2)(x2 6)

C2

Worksheet B

DIFFERENTIATION

h
2x
x
The diagram shows a baking tin in the shape of an open-topped cuboid made from thin metal
sheet. The base of the tin measures x cm by 2x cm, the height of the tin is h cm and the volume of
the tin is 4000 cm3.
a Find an expression for h in terms of x.
b Show that the area of metal sheet used to make the tin, A cm2, is given by
A = 2x2 +

12000
x

c Use differentiation to find the value of x for which A is a minimum.

d Find the minimum value of A.
e Show that your value of A is a minimum.
2

r
The diagram shows a closed plastic cylinder used for making compost. The radius of the base
and the height of the cylinder are r cm and h cm respectively and the surface area of the cylinder
is 30 000 cm2.
a Show that the volume of the cylinder, V cm3, is given by
V = 15 000r r3.
b Find the maximum volume of the cylinder and show that your value is a maximum.
3

x
l
x
The diagram shows a square prism of length l cm and cross-section x cm by x cm.
Given that the surface area of the prism is k cm2, where k is a constant,
a show that l =

k 2 x2
4x

b use calculus to prove that the maximum volume of the prism occurs when it is a cube.
Solomon Press

C2

Worksheet C

DIFFERENTIATION
f(x) 2x3 + 5x2 1.

1
a Find f (x).

b Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is increasing.

2

The curve C has the equation y = x3 x2 + 2x 4.

a Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point (1, 2). Give your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
b Prove that the curve C has no stationary points.

A curve has the equation y =

x +

4
x

d2 y
dy
and
.
dx
dx 2
b Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve and determine its nature.

a Find

f(x) x3 + 6x2 + 9x.

a Find the coordinates of the points where the curve y = f(x) meets the x-axis.
b Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is decreasing.
c Sketch the curve y = f(x), showing the coordinates of any stationary points.
5

The graph shows the height, h cm, of the letters on a website advert t seconds after the advert
appears on the screen.
For t in the interval 0 t 2, h is given by the equation
h = 2t 4 8t 3 + 8t 2 + 1.
For larger values of t, the variation of h over this interval is repeated every 2 seconds.
dh
a Find
for t in the interval 0 t 2.
dt
b Find the rate at which the height of the letters is increasing when t = 0.25
c Find the maximum height of the letters.
6

The curve C has the equation y = x3 + 3kx2 9k2x, where k is a non-zero constant.
a Show that C is stationary when
x2 + 2kx 3k2 = 0.
b Hence, show that C is stationary at the point with coordinates (k, 5k3).
c Find, in terms of k, the coordinates of the other stationary point on C.
Solomon Press

C2

DIFFERENTIATION

Worksheet C continued

l
x
The diagram shows a solid triangular prism. The cross-section of the prism is an equilateral
triangle of side x cm and the length of the prism is l cm.
Given that the volume of the prism is 250 cm3,
a find an expression for l in terms of x,
b show that the surface area of the prism, A cm2, is given by
A=

3
2

(x2 +

2000
).
x

Given that x can vary,

c find the value of x for which A is a minimum,
d find the minimum value of A in the form k 3 ,
e justify that the value you have found is a minimum.
f(x) x3 + 4x2 + kx + 1.

a Find the set of values of the constant k for which the curve y = f(x) has two stationary points.
Given that k = 3,
b find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = f(x).
9

y
1

y = x 2 4 + 3x

12

O A

C
1

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = x 2 4 + 3x 2 . The curve crosses the x-axis at
the points A and B and has a minimum point at C.
a Find the coordinates of A and B.
b Find the coordinates of C, giving its y-coordinate in the form a 3 + b, where a and b are
integers.
10

f(x) = x3 3x2 + 4.
a Show that (x + 1) is a factor of f(x).
b Fully factorise f(x).
c Hence state, with a reason, the coordinates of one of the turning points of the curve y = f(x).
d Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the other turning point of the curve y = f(x).
Solomon Press

C2
1

dy
dx

= 2x + 6

2x + 6 = 0
x = 3

Answers - Worksheet A

DIFFERENTIATION

dy
dx

dy
dx

= 8x + 2

8x + 2 = 0
x = 14

= 3x2 10x + 3 f

dy
dx

= 1 9x2

dy
dx

= 3x2 12

= 18x 3x2

18x 3x2 = 0
3x(6 x) = 0

x=2

x = 0, 6

g y = x3 3x2 + 3x 9 h

1 9x2 = 0

dy
dx

(3x 1)(x 3) = 0
x = 13 , 3

x2 = 9
x=3

3x2 6x + 3 = 0
3(x 1)2 = 0
x=1

= 3x2 6x + 3

b f (x) = 6x 6x2
6x 6x2 0
6x(1 x) 0
0x1

dy
dx

3x2 12 = 0
x2 = 4

3x2 10x + 3 = 0

a f (x) = 4x + 2
4x + 2 0
x 12

dy
dx
1
2

=
12

1
2

12

2=0

x 2 =4
x = 161

c f (x) = 9x2 1
9x2 1 0
x2 19
x 13 and x

1
3

d f (x) = 3x2 + 12x 15

3x2 + 12x 15 0
3(x + 5)(x 1) 0
x 5 and x 1

e f(x) = x3 12x2 + 36x

f (x) = 3x2 24x + 36
3x2 24x + 36 0
3(x 2)(x 6) 0
x 2 and x 6

f f (x) = 2 8x2
2 8x2 0
x2 4
x 2 and x 2

a f (x) = 3x2 + 4x
3x2 + 4x 0
x(3x + 4) 0
43 x 0

b f (x) = 27 3x2
27 3x2 0
x2 9
x 3 and x 3

c f(x) = 2x3 x2 4x + 2
f (x) = 6x2 2x 4
6x2 2x 4 0
2(3x + 2)(x 1) 0
23 x 1

a (x + 1) factor f(1) = 0
1 + k + 3 = 0
k = 2
b f (x) = 3x2 4x
3x2 4x 0
x(3x 4) 0
x 0 and x

4
3

Solomon Press

C2
5

DIFFERENTIATION
a

dy
dx

= 2x + 2

Answers - Worksheet A
b

dy
dx

SP: 10x 4 = 0
x = 25

dy
dx

(1, 1)

= 12x2 + 6x

dy
dx

1
5

= 3x2 3

SP: 3x2 3 = 0
x2 = 1
x=1

= 2 8x2

(1, 6), (1, 2)

dy
dx

= 3x2 18x 21

SP: 2 8x2 = 0
x2 = 4
x=2

SP: 3x2 18x 21 = 0

3(x + 1)(x 7) = 0
x = 1, 7

dy
dx

( 12 ,

9
4

), (0, 2)

= x2 8x

x =

dy
dx

dy
dx

( 12 , 3)
= 4 2x

d2 y
dx 2

(6, 201):

SP: 6x

d2 y
dx 2

2=0
=3

1
27

25
)
( 271 , 5 27

dy
dx

= 3x2 + 18x

SP: 3x2 3 = 0
x2 = 1

SP: 3x2 + 18x = 0

3x(x + 6) = 0

x=1

x = 6, 0
d2 y
dx 2

= 6x

= 6x + 18

(1, 2):

d2 y
dx 2

= 6, max

(6, 100):

(1, 2):

d2 y
dx 2

= 6, min

(0, 8):

dy
dx

= 4x3 16x

SP: 4x3 16x = 0

4x(x2 4) = 0
d2 y
dx 2

= 24, min

dy
dx

(2, 18):
(0, 2):

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

(2, 18):

= 32, min

= 16, max

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

= 32, min

Solomon Press

= 18, max

= 18, min

= 9 4x2

x=

= 12x2 16

d2 y
dx 2

SP: 9 4x2 = 0
x2 = 94

x = 0, 2

= 24, max

13

x=

= 3x2 3

13

13

x=4

dy
dx

x = 2, 6
= 6x 12

= 6x

(4, 8)

d2 y
dx 2

= 3x2 12x 36

(2, 55):

dy
dx

(1, 22), (7, 234)

x =2

= 2

SP: 3x2 12x 36 = 0

3(x + 2)(x 6) = 0
d2 y
dx 2

1
2

18

(2, 9): max

dy
dx

= 3x 2 6
1

SP: 4 2x = 0
x=2
d2 y
dx 2

(2, 5), (2, 11)

SP: 3x 2 6 = 0

x = 12

( 25 ,

dy
dx

SP: 12x2 + 6x = 0
6x(2x + 1) = 0
x = 12 , 0

SP: 2x + 2 = 0
x = 1

SP: x2 8x = 0

= 10x 4

page 2

d2 y
dx 2

2
3

= 8x3

( 23 , 12):
( 23 , 12):

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

= 27, max

= 27, min

C2

DIFFERENTIATION
g

dy
dx

= 1 3x

SP: 1 3x
x

12

Answers - Worksheet A

12

12

dy
dx

3
2

d2 y
dx 2

(9, 9):

d2 y
dx 2
1
18

, min

d2 y
dx 2

( 43 ,

):

1
27

= x 16x3

x=2
d2 y
dx 2

= 2, min

d2 y
dx 2

= 2, max

= 1 + 48x4

(2, 4):
(2, 4):

dy
dx

= 2x 3x2

SP: 2x 3x2 = 0
x(2 3x) = 0

d2 y
dx 2

= 2 6x

(0, 0):

d2 y
dx 2

( 23 ,

):

4
27

= 2, max

dy
dx

(0, 2):

dy
dx

=0

= 4, min

SP: 4x3 = 0
x=0

= 6x + 6

< 1 1

= 4, min

= 4x3

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

x = 1

(1, 1):

= 2, min

d2 y
dx 2

= 3x2 + 6x + 3

SP: 3x2 + 6x + 3 = 0
3(x + 1)2 = 0

2
3

x = 0,
d2 y
dx 2

dy
dx

x2 + 8x2

x4 = 16

= 14 12x

(1, 0):

1
2

SP: x 16x3 = 0

4
3

x = 1,
32

y=
dy
dx

2(3x 4)(x 1) = 0

x=9
d2 y
dx 2

SP: 8 + 14x 6x2 = 0

=0

1
3

= 8 + 14x 6x2

page 3

> 1

= 12x2
d2 y
dx 2

=0

<0

>0

dy
dx

(0, 2): min

(1, 1): point of inflexion

d

dy
dx

= 12 + 12x 3x2

dy
dx

= 2x 16x2

dy
dx

= 4x3 + 12x2

SP: 12 + 12x 3x2 = 0

3(x 2)2 = 0
x=2

SP: 2x 16x2 = 0
x3 = 8
x=2

SP: 4x3 + 12x2 = 0

4x2(x + 3) = 0
x = 3, 0

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

= 12 6x

(2, 4):

d2 y
dx 2

=0

= 2 + 32x3

(2, 12):

<2

>2

dy
dx

d2 y
dx 2

= 6, min

= 12x2 + 24x

(3, 28):
(0, 1):
x
dy
dx

(2, 4): point of inflexion

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

= 36, min

=0

3 < x < 0
+

>0

(0, 1): point of inflexion

Solomon Press

C2
8

DIFFERENTIATION
a

dy
dx

Answers - Worksheet A

= 3x2 + 6x

dy
dx

= 1 x2

dy
dx

page 4

= 3x2 6x + 3

SP: 3x2 + 6x = 0
3x(x + 2) = 0
x = 2, 0

SP: 1 x2 = 0
x2 = 1
x=1

SP: 3x2 6x + 3 = 0
3(x 1)2 = 0
x=1

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

= 6x + 6
d2 y
dx 2

(2, 4):
(0, 0):

d2 y
dx 2

= 6, max

= 2x3
d2 y
dx 2

(1, 2):

= 6, min

(1, 2):

d2 y
dx 2

= 2, max

= 6x 6
d2 y
dx 2

(1, 0):

= 2, min

=0

<1

>1

dy
dx

(1, 0): point of inflexion

(2, 4)
(1, 2)
O (0, 0)

y
x

(1, 2)
O
(1, 0)

dy
dx

= 3 2x

SP: 3 2x
x
d2 y
dx 2

12

x=

4
9

= x

32

( 94 , 43 ):

12

12

dy
dx

= 3x2 + 8x 3

(3x 1)(x + 3) = 0
x = 3,
d2 y
dx 2

27
8

, min

(3, 13):

(3, 13)
O

4
9

43

4x(x + 2)(x 2) = 0

1
3

d2 y
dx 2

= 4x3 16x

SP: 4x3 16x = 0

x = 2, 0, 2

= 6x + 8

( 13 , 5 14
):
27

y = x4 8x2 + 12
dy
dx

SP: 3x2 + 8x 3 = 0

=0

3
2

d2 y
dx 2

= 10, max

d2 y
dx 2

= 10, min

d2 y
dx 2

= 12x2 16

(2, 4):

d2 y
dx 2

= 32, min

(0, 12):

d2 y
dx 2

= 16, max

(2, 4):

d2 y
dx 2

= 32, min

y
O

x
(0, 12)
)
( 13 , 5 14
27
O
(2, 4)

Solomon Press

x
(2, 4)

C2
1

Answers - Worksheet B

DIFFERENTIATION
a volume = 2x2h = 4000
h=

a S.A. = 2r2 + 2rh = 30 000

2000
x2

rh = 15 000 r2

b A = 2x2 + 2(2xh) + 2(xh)

h=

= 2x2 + 6xh
= 2x2 + (6x

dA
dx

2000
)
x2

= r2(

4x 12 000x2 = 0

SP:

r=

5000

3000 = 14.4 (3sf)

3000 ,

d 2V
dr 2

d2 A
dx 2

= 12

d 2V
dr 2

a S.A. = 2x2 + 4xl = k

4xl = k 2x2
k 2 x2
4x

b V = x2l

k 2 x2
4x

= x2
1
4

=
dV
dx

kx

1
2

x3

3
2

x2

3
2

x2 = 0

1
4

1
k
4
2

SP:

1
6

x =

d 2V
dx 2

= 3x

when x =
l=
=

k
6

x=

k 13 k
4
k
6

k
6

6
k

k
6

=
=

,
2
3

d 2V
dx 2

< 0 maximum

k 14

= 6r

when r =

> 0 minimum

l=

[ = 39.9 (3sf)]

max volume = 399 000 cm3 (3sf)

= 4 + 24 000x3

d2 A
dx 2

15 000 3r2 = 0
5000

when x =

r)

= 15 000 3r2
r2 =

d min A = 1250 (3sf)

d2 A
dx 2

dV
dr

x3 = 3000
x=
e

15000
r

= 15 000r r3

= 4x 12 000x2

SP:

V = r2h

12000
x

= 2x2 +

15000
r

6
k

k
6

maximum V when l = x prism is a cube

Solomon Press

5000

d 2V
dr 2

< 0 maximum

= 752

C2
1

Answers - Worksheet C

DIFFERENTIATION
a f (x) = 6x2 + 10x

b 6x2 + 10x 0
2x(3x + 5) 0
x 53 and x 0

dy
dx

= 3x2 2x + 2

at (1, 2), grad = 3

y + 2 = 3(x 1)
3x y 5 = 0
b SP when 3x2 2x + 2 = 0
b2 4ac = 4 24 = 20
b2 4ac < 0 no real roots
no stationary points

dy
dx
d2 y
dx 2

b SP:

1
2

12

= 14 x
1
2
1
2

12

4x2
32

a y = 0 x(x + 3)2 = 0

+ 8x3

x = 3, 0

4x2 = 0

(3, 0), (0, 0)

3
2

x2( x 8) = 0

b f (x) = 3x2 + 12x + 9

x2 = 8
x=4
(4, 3)
when x = 4,
d2 y
dx 2

d2 y
dx 2

decreasing when
3 x 1
=

3
32

3x2 + 12x + 9 0
3(x + 3)(x + 1) 0

> 0 minimum

(3, 0)
O

(1, 4)

dh
dt

= 8t3 24t2 + 16t

= 2.625 cm per second

8t3 24t2 + 16t = 0

8t(t 1)(t 2) = 0
t = 0, 1, 2
from graph, max when t = 1
max height = 3 cm

c SP:

= 3x2 + 6kx 9k2

stationary when 3x2 + 6kx 9k2 = 0

b when t = 0.25,
dh
dt

dy
dx

x2 + 2kx 3k2 = 0

b (x + 3k)(x k) = 0
x = 3k, k
when x = k, y = k3 + 3k3 9k3 = 5k3
stationary at (k, 5k3)
c when x = 3k,
y = 27k3 + 27k3 + 27k3 = 27k3
(3k, 27k3)

Solomon Press

C2
7

DIFFERENTIATION

Answers - Worksheet C

a V =

1
2

x2 sin 60 l

1
2

x2l
1000
3x 2

l=

b2 4ac > 0

x2) + 3xl

64 12k > 0

3
2

x2 + (3x

3
2

(x2 +

for 2 SPs, f (x) = 0 has 2 distinct roots

= 250

dA
dx

a f (x) = 3x2 + 8x + k

1000 3
3x 2

or
3
4

b A = (2

3
2

1000 3
3x 2

k<

2000
)
x

b SP:

d2 A
dx 2

(3x 1)(x + 3) = 0

3
2

(2x 2000x2) = 0

x = 3,

3
2

(3, 19) and ( 13 ,

d2 A
dx 2

> 0 minimum

12

x 2 4 + 3x

=0

10

x 4x + 3 = 0

(x + 1) is a factor

1
2

( x 1)( x 3) = 0

1
2

x = 1, 3
x = 1, 9
(1, 0) and (9, 0)
b

SP:

1
2

a f(1) = 1 3 + 4 = 0

1
2

dy
dx

13
27

=3 3

d2 A
dx 2

1
2

1
3

(2 + 4000x3)

when x = 10,

3x2 + 8x 3 = 0

(2x 2000x2)

x3 = 1000
x = 10
d min A = 150 3
e

16
3

3
2

SP:

page 2

12

1
2

12

1
2

32

3
2

3
2

32

32

=0

(3, 2 3 4)

3
3

+ 4
+ 0x + 4
+ 0x
4x
4x + 4
4x + 4

f(x) (x + 1)(x2 4x + 4)

(x 3) = 0

x=3
y= 3 4+

x2 4x
x + 1 x3 3x2
x3 + x2
2
4x
2
4x

= 2 3 4

f(x) (x + 1)(x 2)2

c (2, 0), as (x 2) is a repeated factor
of f(x) so x-axis is a tangent at (2, 0)
d f (x) = 3x2 6x
SP: 3x2 6x = 0
3x(x 2) = 0
x = 0, 2
(0, 4) is other turning point

Solomon Press