IEEE 802.5 Token Ring: - A Special Sequence of Bits - Circulates Around The Ring
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring: - A Special Sequence of Bits - Circulates Around The Ring
Hema A Murthy
Host Host
H1 H3
From prev
MSAU
H4
To next MSAU
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy
Differential Manchester
clock
1 0 0 0 1 0
NRZ
Manchester
Differential Manchester
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy
SD AC FC DA SA Data FCS E0 FS
Check sum
E + I bit
PriorityMonitor Reservation
Request for next token with requested priority Set to indicate
not last frame if a
E bit is set if
Frame control data / token multiframe
error
transmission
Invalid differential coding HH LL
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy
IEEE 802.5
• Token Size: 24 bits
– Minimum number of stations is 24
– Overcome this by including a monitor which
adds the extra bits of delay
• Token operation
– Token circulates
– Station seizes a token
IEEE 802.5
– Modifies a bit in the second byte of token
– Station that has token transmits data
– Station drains token out of the ring
– Station sends data
– Each packet has destination address
– All stations downhill check destination address
– Destination copies packet
– Packet finds its way back to sending station
IEEE 802.5
– Sending station removes packet from ring
– Station reinserts token into the ring
• Size of packet stored in the ring
– Larger/smaller than ring
• Add/remove bits
IEEE 802.5
• Issues
– Size of data that given node is allowed to
transmit
– Token holding time (THT) = ∞ ?
• Utilisation is 100%
• Unfair to stations to other than the station holding
the token
– THT affects ring performance
Reliable Transmission
• Use A and C bits
• Initially A and C zero.
• Receiver sets A bit after seeing that it is
the intended recipient
• Receiver sets C bit after copying frame
• If both A and C are not set – retransmit