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Medium Access Sublayer: - Topology of The Network - Protocols

The document discusses different network topologies including bus, ring, tree, star, and multipoint topologies. It describes protocols for different bus topologies like IEEE 802.3 and token bus IEEE 802.4. It also discusses assumptions for broadcast networks including the station model where only one station can transmit at a time, the single channel assumption, the collision assumption, and assumptions about carrier sense.

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217 views

Medium Access Sublayer: - Topology of The Network - Protocols

The document discusses different network topologies including bus, ring, tree, star, and multipoint topologies. It describes protocols for different bus topologies like IEEE 802.3 and token bus IEEE 802.4. It also discusses assumptions for broadcast networks including the station model where only one station can transmit at a time, the single channel assumption, the collision assumption, and assumptions about carrier sense.

Uploaded by

23wings
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks Prof.

Hema A Murthy

Medium Access Sublayer


• Topology of the Network
– Bus, Ring, Tree
• Protocols
– IEEE 802.3 for bus topology
– IEEE 802.4 for token bus
– IEEE 802.5 for token ring
– FDDI – for fibre ring
– IEEE 802.11 for wireless networks

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Network Topology

Tree topology:

Hubs/switches
Bus topology

intermediate
hubs

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Network Topology
Ring topology
Star topology

Central hub

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Network Topology
Multipoint media

terminators

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Tree and Bus Topologies


• multipoint medium
– all stations attach through appropriate hardware
interface called tap directly to the medium
– full duplex operations on the bus
– data propagates the length of medium in both directions
– at each end bus terminated
• absorbs any signal Î removes it from the bus
– tree has a head end
– since data propagated to all stations – addressing
required!

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Star Topology
• central node acts as a broadcast
• although physically a star – logically a bus
– alternatively central node acts as a switch.
frame switching – copy frame – send out on
destination link
• problem – central point failure

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Ring Topology
• Repeaters joined by point to point links in a closed
loop.
• no buffering
• unidirectional links
• destination recognises its frames & copies it
• frame removed by source
• In all topologies ONLY one station transmits at a
time

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Transmission in Networks
• Networks
– Point-to-Point
– Broadcast Networks
• Broadcast networks
– Only one station transmits at a time Æcompetition
• who gets access to the channel
– conference calls:
• between six people – only one channel –
– Who gets access?
– multiaccess or random access channels

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Broadcast Network-Solutions
• static allocation
– wasteful of Bandwidth
• more senders than channels
• Solution: Dynamic allocation of channels!

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Key Assumption in Broadcast


Networks
• Station model
– N independent stations
– Each user generates a frame for transmission
– Pr[frame generated in time Δ t] = λΔt
– λ arrival rate for new frame
– Once frame generated – station blocks
• does nothing until frame transmitted.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Key Assumption in Broadcast


Networks
• Single channel assumptions:
– Single channel for all communication
– All stations can transmit and receive on it
– All stations get a fair share of the channel

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Key Assumption in Broadcast


Networks
• Collision assumption:
– Two frame transmit at the same time
• signal garbled
– All stations can detect collisions
– A collided frame is retransmitted
– Errors only due to collision

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Key Assumption in Broadcast


Networks
• Continuous time:
– Frames can begin at any instant of time
– No master clock dividing time into discrete
intervals.
• Slotted time:
– time divided into slots
– frames start at the beginning of a slot
– multiple frame / slot

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Key Assumption in Broadcast


Networks
• Carrier Sense:
– Station can tell whether channel is in use
– If carrier sensed – do not transmit
• What is carrier sense – an electrical signal
• No carrier sense:
– Station cannot detect carrier
– go ahead and transmit
– Later worry about success or failure

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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