Name
admin
alias
ar
Category
SCCS
Misc
Misc
Description
Create and administer SCCS files
Define or display aliases
Create and maintain library archives
asa
at
Text Processing
Process Management
Interpret carriage-control characters
Execute commands at a later time
awk
Text processing
Pattern scanning and processing language
basenam
e
batch
bc
Filesystem
Return non-directory portion of a pathname; see also dirname
Process Management
Misc
Schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue
Arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
bg
c99
Process Management
C Programming
Run jobs in the background
Compile standard C programs
cal
Misc
Print a calendar
cat
Filesystem
Concatenate and print files
cd
Filesystem
Change the working directory
cflow
chgrp
chmod
C Programming
Filesystem
Filesystem
Generate a C-language flowgraph
Change the file group ownership
Change the file modes/attributes/permissions
chown
Filesystem
Change the file ownership
cksum
cmp
Filesystem
Filesystem
Write file checksums and sizes
Compare two files; see also dif
comm
Text Processing
Select or reject lines common to two files
First appeared
PWB UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
System V
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 6 AT&T
UNIX
IEEE Std 1003.12001
Version 5 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 6 AT&T
UNIX
System V
PWB UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
4.4BSD
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
comman
d
compress
cp
Shell Programming
Execute a simple command
Filesystem
Filesystem
Compress data
Copy files
crontab
csplit
ctags
cut
cxref
date
Misc
Text Processing
C Programming
Text Processing
C Programming
Misc
Schedule periodic background work
Split files based on context
Create a tags file
Cut out selected fields of each line of a file
Generate a C-language program cross-reference table
Display the date and time
dd
Filesystem
Convert and copy a file
delta
df
SCCS
Filesystem
Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file
Report free disk space
dif
Text processing
Compare two files; see also cmp
dirname
du
Filesystem
Filesystem
Return the directory portion of a pathname; see also basename
Estimate file space usage
echo
Shell programming
Write arguments to standard output
ed
Text processing
The standard text editor
env
ex
expand
expr
Misc
Text processing
Text Processing
Shell Programming
Set the environment for command invocation
Text editor
Convert tabs to spaces
Evaluate arguments as an expression
false
Shell programming
Return false value
fc
fg
Misc
Process Management
Process the command history list
Run jobs in the foreground
4.3BSD
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
System V
PWB UNIX
3BSD
System III
System V
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 5 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 5 AT&T
UNIX
System III
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 2 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
System III
1BSD
3BSD
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
file
Filesystem
Determine file type
find
Filesystem
Find files
fold
fort77
fuser
Text processing
FORTRAN77 Programming
Process Management
gencat
get
getconf
getopts
grep
Misc
SCCS
Misc
Shell Programming
Misc
Filter for folding lines
FORTRAN compiler
List process IDs of all processes that have one or more files
open
Generate a formatted message catalog
Get a version of an SCCS file
Get configuration values
Parse utility options
Search text for a pattern
hash
head
Misc
Text processing
hash database access method
Copy the first part of files
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
1BSD
XPG4
System V
PWB UNIX
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX[citation
needed]
iconv
id
ipcrm
Text processing
Misc
Misc
ipcs
jobs
join
Misc
Process Management
Text Processing
kill
Process Management
Codeset conversion
Return user identity
Remove a message queue, semaphore set, or shared memory
segment identifier
Report interprocess communication facilities status
Display status of jobs in the current session
Merges two sorted text files based on the presence of a
common field
Terminate or signal processes
lex
C Programming
Generate programs for lexical tasks
link
Filesystem
Create a hard link to a file
ln
Filesystem
Link files
locale
localedef
Misc
Misc
Get locale-specific information
Define locale environment
HP-UX
4.4BSD
System V
System V
Version
UNIX
Version
UNIX
Version
UNIX
Version
UNIX
Version
UNIX
7 AT&T
4 AT&T
7 AT&T
1 AT&T
1 AT&T
logger
logname
lp
ls
Shell programming
Misc
Text Processing
Filesystem
Log messages
Return the user's login name
Send files to a printer
List directory contents
m4
mailx
Misc
Misc
Macro processor
Process messages
make
man
Programming
Misc
Maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs
Display system documentation
mesg
Misc
Permit or deny messages
mkdir
Filesystem
Make directories
mkfifo
more
mv
Filesystem
Text processing
Filesystem
Make FIFO special files
Display files on a page-by-page basis
Move files
newgrp
Misc
Change to a new group (functionaliy similar to sg[1])
nice
Process Management
Invoke a utility with an altered nice value
nl
nm
Text Processing
C Programming
Line numbering filter
Write the name list of an object file
nohup
Process Management
Invoke a utility immune to hangups
od
Misc
Dump files in various formats
paste
Text processing
Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
patch
pathchk
pax
Text processing
Filesystem
Misc
Apply changes to files
Check pathnames
Portable archive interchange
4.3BSD
4.4BSD
System V
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX
Version 2 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
4.4BSD
3BSD
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 6 AT&T
UNIX
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
System III
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 32V AT&T
UNIX
4.3BSD
4.4BSD
pr
Text processing
Print files
printf
prs
ps
Shell programming
SCCS
Process Management
Write formatted output
Print an SCCS file
Report process status
pwd
Filesystem
print working directory - Return working directory name
qalter
qdel
qhold
qmove
qmsg
qrerun
qrls
qselect
qsig
qstat
qsub
read
renice
rm
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Batch Utilities
Shell Programming
Process Management
Filesystem
Alter batch job
Delete batch jobs
Hold batch jobs
Move batch jobs
Send message to batch jobs
Rerun batch jobs
Release batch jobs
Select batch jobs
Signal batch jobs
Show status of batch jobs
Submit a script
Read a line from standard input
Set nice values of running processes
Remove directory entries
rmdel
rmdir
SCCS
Filesystem
Remove a delta from an SCCS file
Remove directories
sact
sccs
sed
SCCS
SCCS
Text processing
Print current SCCS file-editing activity
Front end for the SCCS subsystem
Stream editor
sh
Shell programming
Shell, the standard command language interpreter
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
4.3BSD-Reno
PWB UNIX
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
Version 5 AT&T
UNIX
4BSD
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
System III
4.3BSD
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX (in earlier
versions, sh was
either the
Thompson shell
sleep
Shell programming
Suspend execution for an interval
sort
Text Processing
Sort, merge, or sequence check text files
split
Misc
Split files into pieces
strings
strip
C Programming
C Programming
Find printable strings in files
Remove unnecessary information from executable files
stty
Misc
Set the options for a terminal
tabs
tail
Misc
Text processing
Set terminal tabs
Copy the last part of a file
or the PWB shell)
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 3 AT&T
UNIX
2BSD
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 2 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX
PWB UNIX[citation
needed]
talk
tee
Misc
Shell programming
Talk to another user
Duplicate standard input
test
Shell programming
Evaluate expression
time
Process Management
Time a simple command
touch
Filesystem
Change file access and modification times
tput
tr
Misc
Text processing
Change terminal characteristics
Translate characters
true
Shell programming
Return true value
tsort
Text processing
Topological sort
tty
Misc
Return user's terminal name
type
Misc
Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a
command
4.2BSD
Version 5 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 3 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
System V
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
ulimit
umask
unalias
uname
uncompr
ess
unexpan
d
unget
uniq
Misc
Misc
Misc
Misc
Misc
Set or report file size limit
Get or set the file mode creation mask
Remove alias definitions
Return system name
Expand compressed data
Text Processing
Convert spaces to tabs
3BSD
SCCS
Text Processing
Undo a previous get of an SCCS file
Report or filter out repeated lines in a file
unlink
Filesystem
Call the unlink function
uucp
Network
System-to-system copy
uudecod
e
uuencod
e
uustat
uux
Network
Decode a binary file
System III
Version 3 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
4BSD
Network
Encode a binary file
4BSD
Network
Process Management
uucp status inquiry and job control
Remote command execution
val
vi
wait
SCCS
Text processing
Process Management
Validate SCCS files
Screen-oriented (visual) display editor
Await process completion
wc
Text processing
Line, word and byte or character count
what
who
SCCS
System Administration
Identify SCCS files
Display who is on the system
write
Misc
Write to another user's terminal
xargs
yacc
Shell Programming
C Programming
Construct argument lists and invoke utility
Yet another compiler compiler
System III
Version 7 AT&T
UNIX
System III
1BSD
Version 4 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
Version 1 AT&T
UNIX
PWB UNIX
PWB UNIX
System III
PWB UNIX
4.3BSD
zcat
Text Processing
Expand and concatenate data
4.3BSD