Scribd
Upload
90 views

Lecture 01

This document provides details about the CS5460/6460 Operating Systems course taught by Anton Burtsev in January 2014. The class has 125 students and will use the xv6 operating system, learning about concepts like processes, memory management, file systems, and networking. The course will involve lectures, reading assignments in the xv6 book and source code, and coding labs modifying parts of the xv6 kernel. Solid C skills and some assembly knowledge are prerequisites.

Uploaded by

Irvin Hott
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views

Lecture 01

This document provides details about the CS5460/6460 Operating Systems course taught by Anton Burtsev in January 2014. The class has 125 students and will use the xv6 operating system, learning about concepts like processes, memory management, file systems, and networking. The course will involve lectures, reading assignments in the xv6 book and source code, and coding labs modifying parts of the xv6 kernel. Solid C skills and some assembly knowledge are prerequisites.

Uploaded by

Irvin Hott
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

CS5460/6460: Operating Systems

Lecture 1: Introduction

Anton Burtsev
January, 2014

Class details

Mixed undergraduate and graduate

125 people (waiting list: 8 students)

Instructor: Anton Burtsev

4 TAs

Saurav Singh, Sriraam Appusamy Subramanian

Scotty Bauer, Sarah Spall

Web page

http://www.cs.utah.edu/~aburtsev/cs5460

This course

Based on

MIT 6.828: Operating System Engineering


http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2012/overview.html

We will use xv6

Relatively simple (9K lines of code)

Reasonably complete UNIX kernel

http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2012/xv6/xv6-rev7.pdf

xv6 comes with a book

http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2012/xv6/book-rev7.pdf

Course organization

Lectures

Reading

Xv6 book + source code

Labs

High level concepts and abstractions

Coding real parts of the xv6 kernel

Design riddles

Understanding tradeoffs, explaining parts of xv6

Prerequisites

Solid C coding skills

Xv6 is written in C

You need to read, code and debug

All labs are in C

Many questions about explaining xv6 code

Be able to code in Linux

Some assembly skills

What is an operating system?

Want to run your code on a piece of hardware

GCC + some linking


magic

Crashes....

Read manual

Code a tiny boot layer

Initialize CPU, memory

Jump to your code

This is your OS!

Want to print out a string

On the screen or serial line

Implement a general function!

First device driver

Device drivers

Abstract hardware

Provide high-level interface

Hide minor differences

Implement some optimizations

Batch requests

Examples

Console, disk, network interface

...virtually any hardware you know

Want to run two programs

What does it mean?

Only one CPU

Run one, then run


another one

Want to run two programs

Exit into the kernel


periodically
Context switch

Save and restore


context
Essentially registers

What! Two programs in one memory?

Am I cheating with
the linker?

Virtual address spaces

Illusion of a private memory for each application

Keep a description of an address space

In one of the registers

All normal program addresses are inside the


address space
OS maintains description of address spaces

Switches between them

What if one program fails to release the CPU?

It run forever. Need a way to preempt it. How?

Scheduling

Pick which application to run next

And for how long

Illusion of a private CPU for each task

Frequent context switching

What if one program corrupts the kernel? Or


other programs?

Isolation

Today is done with address spaces in hardware

Many issues, e.g. shared device drivers, files, etc.

Can it be done in software?

What about communication?

Can we invoke a function in a kernel?

What if you want to save some data?

Permanent storage

But disks are just arrays of blocks

E.g., disks
wrtie(block_number, block_data)

Files

High level abstraction for saving data

fd = open(contacts.txt);

fpritnf(fd, Name:%s\n, name);

What if you want to send data over the


network?
Network interfaces

Send/receive Ethernet packets (Level 2)

Two low level

Sockets

High level abstraction for sending data

Linux/Windows/Mac

Multiple levels of abstraction

Multiple programs

Context switching, scheduling, isolation,


communication

File systems

Multiple files, concurrent I/O requests

Consistency, caching

Network protocols

Each has illusion of a private memory and CPU

Multiple virtual network connections

Memory management

Want to run a Windows application on Linux?

What is the
problem?

Hardware is not
designed to be
multiplexed
Loss of isolation

Virtual machine
Efficient duplicate
of a real machine

Compatibility

Performance

Isolation

Virtual machine
Efficient duplicate
of a real machine

Compatibility

Performance

Isolation

Trap and emulate

What hardware do we have today?

8 cores (2 Ghz)

64 Gig of RAM

Each runs two threads


20MB Level 3 cache

10 Gbps network controllers

Intel supports 80 millions of packets per second

L3 forwarding of 64 byte packets

Lets do the math:

How many cycles per packet?

Or in nanoseconds:

12.5 nanoseconds per packet

Or in cycles (remember 2Ghz, or 2 cycles per


nanosecond)

1/80 000 000 = 1.25e-80 seconds per packet on 1 core

25 cycles per packet

But we have 8 cores, so

25*8 = 200 cycles per packet

Can you allow an OS on the critical path?

Layer 2 IP TCP Sockets User-level?

No! You want to run bare metal!

Ok, so what is an operating system?

References

Impressive Packet Processing Performance


Enables Greater Workload Consolidation. Intel.
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en
Intel Data Plane Development Kit (Intel DPDK)

http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en

You might also like