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CONTENTS

* Synopsis

Questions

* Level - 1

* Level - 2

* Level - 3

Answers

* Level - 1

* Level - 2

* Level - 3

UNIT - 3
Application of Derivatives

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 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
SYNOPSIS

TANGENTS&NORMALS (DEFINITIONS AND RESULTS)

MONOTONICITY INCREASING AND
Let y = f (x) be the equation of a curve and let P (x1 , y1) be DECREASING FUNCTION
a point on it . Then derivative at P (x1 , y1) gives the
slope of the tangent to the curve at P . DEFINITIONS AND RESULTS
Equation of tangent at (x 1, y1) is ;
y - y1 = f ′ (x1)(x - x1) . 1. Let y = f (x) be a given function with ' D ' as its
domain . Let D1 ⊆ D then ,
Equation of normal at (x1, y1) is ;
f ′ (x1)(y - y1) + (x - x1) = 0 . Increasing function :
→

f (x) is said to be increasing in D, if

y = f(x) for every x1 , x2 ∈ D1 ,
→ → x1 > x2 ⇒ f (x1) > f (x 2) .
of
→

gth It means that the value of f (x) will keep on

len g e n t
len rmal

tan
no
gth

→ P (x 1, y 1) increasing with an increase in the value of x, as

of
)

Y
shown in the figure .
→

→x y

>
)Y
TO M N
←
→
length
length of subtangent →
→
of
subnormal
NOTE : >
0 x
1. If the tangent at any point P on the curve is parallel to Increasing function
the axis of x then dy/dx = 0 at the point P .
2. If the tangent at any point on the curve is parallel to the
axis of y, then dy/dx = ∞ or dx/dy = 0 .
Non - decreasing function :
3. If the tangent at any point on the curve is equally f (x) is said to be non - decreasing in D1 if for
inclined to both the axes then dy/dx = ± 1 . every x1 , x2 ∈ D1 , x1 > x2 ⇒ f (x1) > f (x2) .
It means that the value of f(x) would never
[
y1 1 + f ′ (x1 ) ]
2

4. Length of the tangent (PT) =

decrease with an increase in the value of x, as
f ′ (x1 ) shown in the figure
y1 y
>

5. Length of Subtangent (MT) =

f ′ (x1 )

Length of Normal (PN) = y1 1 + f ′ (x1 ) [ ]

2
6.
>
7. Length of Subnormal (MN) = y1f ′(x1 ) 0 x
Non - decreasing
function
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO CURVES :
Angle of intersection between two curves is defined as Decreasing function :
the angle between the 2 tangents drawn to the 2 curves f (x) is said to be decreasing in D1 if for every
at their point of intersection. If the angle between two x1 , x2 ∈ D1 , x 1 > x 2 ⇒ f (x1) < f (x2) .
curves is 90° then they are called ORTHOGONAL curves It means that the value of f (x) would decrease
.
with an increase in the value of x , as shown in the
RATE MEASURE : figure .
y
>

dy
represents the rate of change in ' y ' with respect to
dx
' x ' . For example if ' y ' is displacement and ' t ' is time then
>
dy
represent the velocity . 0 x
dt Decreasing function

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Non - increasing function : (vi) The points for which f′ (x) is equal to zero or
f (x) is said to be non - increasing in D 1 if for every doesn't exist are called critical points . Here it
x1 , x2 ∈ D 1 , x1 > x2 ⇒ f (x1) < f (x2) . should also be noted that critical points are the
It means that the value of f (x) would never increase interior points of an interval .
with an increase in the value of x , as shown in the
figure . (vii) The stationary points are the points where
y> f′ (x) = 0 in the domain .

2.
> (a) ROLLE'S THEOREM :
0 x Let f(x) be a function of x subject to the following
Non - increasing
function conditions :
Basic Theorems : (i) f(x) is a continuous function of x in the closed
interval of a ≤ x ≤ b .
Let y = f (x) be a given function, continuous in (ii) f′ (x) exists for every point in the open interval
[a, b] and differentiable in (a, b) . Then : a<x<b.
(iii) f(a) = f(b) . Then there exists at least one point
* f (x) is increasing in x = c such that a < c < b where f′ (c) = 0
[a, b] if f′ (x) ≥ 0 * ∀ x ∈ [a, b]
* f (x) is non-decreasing in (b) LAGRANGES MEAN VALUE THEOREM (LMVT) :
[a, b] if f′ (x) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ [a, b] Let f(x) be a function of x subject to the following
* f (x) is decreasing in conditions :
[a, b] if f′ (x) ≤ 0 ** ∀ x ∈ [a, b] (i) f(x) is a continuous function of x in the closed
interval of a ≤ x ≤ b .
* f (x) is non-increasing in
(ii) f′ (x) exists for every point in the open interval
[a, b] if f′ (x) ≤ 0 ∀ x ∈ [a, b]
a<x<b.
(iii) f(a) ≠ f(b). Then there exists at least one
Remarks :
point x = c such that a < c < b where
* If f′ (x) ≥ 0 at countable number of points i.e. points
f (b) − f (a )
which make f′ (x) equal to zero (in between (a,b)) f′ (c) =
b−a
don't form an interval, then f (x) would be increasing
in [ a , b ] . Geometrically, the slope of the secant line joining
the curve at x = a & x = b is equal to the slope of
** If f′ (x) ≤ 0 at countable number of points i.e. points the tangent line drawn to the curve at x = c . Note
which make f′ (x) equal to zero (in between (a,b)) the following :
don't form an interval, then f (x) would be decreasing
in [ a , b ] . (c) A P P L I C AT I O N O F R O L L E S T H E O R E M F O R
ISOLATING THE REAL ROOTS OF AN EQUATION
f(x) = 0
(iii) If f (0) = 0 & f′ (x) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R,
Suppose a & b are two real numbers such that ;
then f (x) ≤ 0 ∀ x ∈ (- ∞ , 0] and
(i) f(x) & its first derivative f′ (x) are continuous
f (x) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ [0 , ∞ ) . for a ≤ x ≤ b .
(ii) f(a) & f(b) have opposite signs .
(iv) If f (0) = 0 & f′ (x) ≤ 0 ∀ x ∈ R , then (iii) f′ (x) is different from zero for all values of x
f (x) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ (- ∞ , 0) & between a & b .
f (x) ≤ 0 ∀ x ∈ (0 , ∞ ) . Then there is one & only one real root of the
equation f(x) = 0 between a & b .
(v) A function is said to be monotonic if it's either
increasing or decreasing .

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 MAXIMA & MINIMA
(C) Second Derivative Test
DEFINITIONS & RESULTS Let f (x) be twice differentiable and let x0 be a roots
of the equation f′(x) = 0. Then
1. Local maximum and minimum of function of (i) x0 is a point of local maximum if f ′′(x 0 ) < 0
one variable. (ii) x0 is a point of local minimum if f ′′(x 0 ) > 0
(D) However if f ′′(x 0 ) = 0 , then apply this result.
A function f (x) is said to have a local maximum Let f ′ (x 0) = f ′′(x 0 ) = .........= f (n-1) (x0) = 0
(minimum) at x = a if for a - h < x < a + h, f (a) is (where f r denotes the rth derivative), but f (n) (x0) ≠
the greatest (least) where h is an arbitrary positive 0
number (which is very small). (i) If n is even and f(n) (x0) < 0, there is a local
∴ f (a) > f (x) , x ∈ (a - h , a + h) maximum at x0 , while if f (n)(x0) > 0, there is a
⇒ f (x) has a local maximum at x = a. local minimum at x0.
f (a) < f (x) , x ∈ (a - h , a + h) (ii) If n is odd, there is no extremum at the point x0.
⇒ f (x) has a local minimum at x = a.
4. Point of Inflection
Note : One should not confuse the local maximum
and local minimum of a function with its largest If f ′′( x) = 0 or does not exist at points where f ′ (x)
and smallest values over a given interval. The local exists and if f ′′( x) changes sign when passing through
maximum of a function is the largest value only in x = x 0 & f′( x) doesn’t change its sign then x0 is
comparison to the values it has at all points suffi- called a point of inflection.
ciently close to the point of local maximum . If f ′′( x) < 0 , x ∈ (a , b) then the curve y = f (x) is
convex in (a, b)
2. The general term for the maximum and minimum of If f ′′( x) > 0 , x ∈ (a, b) then the curve y = f (x) is
a function is extremum. A necessary condition for concave in (a, b)
the existence of an extremum at the point x0 of the At the point of inflection, the curve changes its
function f (x) is that f ′(x 0 ) = 0 or f ′(x 0 ) does not concavity.
exist. The points at which f ′(x 0 ) = 0 or f ′( x) does
not exist, are called critical points. 5. Absolute (Global) Maximum and Minimum

3. Determination of local maximum or mini- If f(x) is defined in [a, b] then f (x) has an absolute
mum. maximum on [a, b] at a point x0 if f (x) ≤ f (x0) for
all x in [a, b]. Then f (x0) is called the greatest value
(A) First Derivative Test of the function f (x) in [a, b].
(i) If f ′(x) changes sign from positive to negative at Similarly if f(x) ≥ f(x 0 ) for all x in
x0 i.e. f ′(x) > 0 for x < x0 and [a, b] then f (x) has an absolute minimum at x0 and
f ′( x) < 0 for x > x0 , then the function attains a f (x0) is called the least value of the function f (x) in
local maximum at x0. [a, b] .
(ii) If f ′(x) changes sign from negative to positive
at x0 i.e. f ′(x) < 0 for x < x0 , and
f ′( x) > 0 for x > x0 , then the function attains a local
minimum at x0.
(iii) If the derivative does not change sign in moving
through the point x0 , there is no extremum at that
point.
(B) If f ′(x 0 ) does not exist, then find f (x 0), f (x0 - h)
and f (x0 + h) where 'h' is a small positive number.
If f (x0 - h) and f (x0 + h) are greater then f (x0) then
x0 is a point of minimum and if f (x0 - h) and f (x0 +
h) are smaller than f (x0) then x0 is a point of maxi-
mum.

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L E V E L - 1 (Objective) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n

1. The normal to the curve x = a (cos θ + θ sin θ), y = a (sin θ − θ cos θ) at any point 'θ' is such that

 π 
(a) It passes thorugh  a , − a  (b) It is at a constant distance from the origin
 2 

π
(c) It passes through the origin (d) It makes an angle + θ with the x-axis
2
2. The tangents to the curve y = e2x at the point (0, 1) meets the x-axis at

 1 
(a) (0, 0) (b) (2, 0) (c)  − , 0  (d) none of these
 2 
3. Tangents to the curve y = x3 at x = -1 and x = 1 are
(a) parallel (b) intrersecting obliquely but not at an angle of 450
(c) perpendicular to each other (d) intersecting at an angle of 450

4. The slope of the normal to the curve x3 = 8a2y, a > 0, at a point in the first quadrant is − 2 , then the point is
3
(a) (2a, -a) (b) (2a, a) (c) (a, 2a) (d) (a, a)
2
5. The point on the curve y = (x - 3) , where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (3, 0) and (4, 1) is

 7 1 5 1  5 1 7 1
(a)  − ,  (b)  ,  (c)  − ,  (d)  , 
 2 4 2 4  2 4 2 4
6. The normal at the point (1, 1) on the curve 2y = 3 - x2 is
(a) x + y = 0 (b) x + y + 1 = 0 (c) x - y + 1 = 0 (d) x - y = 0
7. For the curve y = 3 sin θ cos θ, x = e θ sin θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π ; the tangent is parallel to x-axis when θ is

π π π
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 4 6

x2
8. If the rate of increase of − 2 x + 5 is twice the rate of decrease of it, then x is
2
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
n n
 x  y x y
9. The curve   +   = 2 touches the straight line + = 2 at the point (a, b) for
a  b a b
(a) n = 3 (b) n = 2 (c) any value of n (d) no value of n
10. The point on the curve y = 6x - x2 where the tangent is parallel to x-axis is
(a) (0, 0) (b) (2, 8) (c) (6, 0) (d) (3, 9)

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 3
11. If the curve y = ax2 - 6x + b passes through (0, 2) and has its tangent parallel to x-axis at x = , then the values
2
of a and b are respectively
(a) 2, 2 (b) -2, -2 (c) -2, 2 (d) 2, -2
2 2
12. For the curve x = t - 1, y = t - t, the tangent line is perpendicular to x-axis, where
1 1
(a) t = 0 (b) t → ∞ (c) t = (d) t = −
3 3

x y
13. The line + = 1 touches the curve y = be-x/a at the point
a b

 b  b  a
(a)  a ,  (b)  − a ,  (c)  a ,  (d) none of these
 a  a  b
14. The slope of tangent to the curve x = t2 + 3t - 8, y = 2t2 - 2t - 5 at the point (2, -1) is
22 6
(a) (b) (c) -6 (d) none of these
7 7
15. Equation of the tangent at the point P(t), where t is any parameter, to the parabola y2 = 4ax is
a
(a) yt = x + at2 (b) y = xt + at2 (c) y = tx (d) y = tx +
t
16. The point on the curve y2 = x, the tangent at which makes an angle of 450 with x-axis will be given by

1 1 1 1 1 1
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c) (2, 4) (d)  , 
2 4 2 2 4 2

x 2 y2
17. The straight line x + y = a will be a tangent to the ellipse + = 1 if 'a' =
9 16
(a) 8 (b) ± 5 (c) ± 10 (d) ± 6
18. The equation to the normal to the curve y = sin x at (0, 0) is
(a) x = 0 (b) y = 0 (c) x + y = 0 (d) x - y = 0
2
19. If tangent to the curve x = at , y = 2at is perpendicular to x-axis then its point of contact is
(a) (a, a) (b) (0, a) (c) (a, 0) (d) (0, 0)
3 3
20. Equation of tangent to the curve x = a cos t , y = a sin t at 't' is
(a) x sec t - y cosec t = a (b) x sec t + y cosec t = a (c) x cosec t + y cosec t = a (d) none of these
21. The angle of intersection of the curves y = x2 and 6y = 7 - x3 at (1, 1) is
π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
4 3 2
22. The angle of intersection of the curves y = 4 - x2 and y = x2 is
π 4 4 2
(a) (b) tan −1   (c) tan −1 (d) none of these
2 3 7
23. Each curve of the system x2 - y2 = p cuts each curve of the system xy = q at an angle
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
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24. Two curves x3 - 3xy2 + 2 = 0 and 3x2y - y3 - 2 = 0
(a) cut at right angle (b) touch each other
π π
(c) cut at an angle (d) cut at an angle
3 4
25. The normal at the point (bt12, 2bt1) on a parabola meets the parabola again in the point (bt22, 2bt2) then

2 2 2 2
(a) t 2 = − t 1 + (b) t 2 = t 1 − (c) t 2 = t 1 + (d) t 2 = − t 1 −
t1 t1 t1 t1
26. A point on the parabola y2 = 18x at which the ordinate increases at twice the rate of the abscissa is

 9 9 9 9
(a) (2, 4) (b) (2, -4) (c)  − ,  (d)  , 
 8 2 8 2
27. A function y = f(x) has a second order derivative f ′′( x ) = 6( x − 1) . If its graph passes through the point (2, 1)
and at that point the tangent to the graph is y = 3x - 5, then the function is
(a) (x - 1)2 (b) (x - 1)3 (c) (x + 1)3 (d) (x + 1)2
28. The normal to the curve x = a (1 + cos θ), y = a sin θ at '0' always passes through the fixed point
(a) (a, 0) (b) (0, a) (c) (0, 0) (d) (a, a)
2
29. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, then at least one root of the equation ax + bx + c = 0 lies in the interval
(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, 2) (c) (2, 3) (d) (1, 3)
30. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f(1) = -2 and f ′( x ) ≥ 2 for x ∈ [1, 6] , then
(a) f(1) < 5 (b) f(6) = 5 (c) f (6) ≥ 8 (d) f(6) < 8

 1 
31. If the function f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + 11x - 6 satisfies condition of Rolle's theorem in [1, 3] and f ′  2 +  = 0 , then
 3 
values of 'a' and 'b' are respectively
1
(a) 1, -6 (b) -2, 1 (c) − 1, (d) -1, 6
2

4
32. Rolle's theorem holds for the function x3 + bx2 + cx, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 at the point , the value of b and c are:
3
(a) b = 8, c = -5 (b) b = -5, c = 8 (c) b = 5, c = -8 (d) b = -5, c = -8
33. Let f(x) and g(x) be differentiable for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 such that f(0) = 0, g(0) = 0, f(1) = 6. Let there exist a real
number 'c' in (0, 1) such that f ′(c) = 2g′(c) , then the value of g(1) must be
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) -2 (d) -1

 1 
34. If the function f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + ax + b defined on [1, 3] satisfies Rolle's theorem for c =  2 +  , then
 3
(a) a = 11, b = 6 (b) a = -11, b = 6 (c) a = 11, b ∈ R (d) none of these

f ( x 2 ) − f (x )
35. If 'f ' is strictly increasing function, then lim =
x →0 f ( x ) − f (0)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 2

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36. For the function f(x) = x2 - 6x + 8, 2 ≤ x ≤ 4, the value of 'x' for which f ′( x ) vanishes is

5 9 7
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d)
2 4 2
37. The function f(x) = x3 - 3x is
(a) increasing in (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞) and decreasing in (-1, 1)
(b) decreasing in (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞) and increasing in (-1, 1)
(c) increasing in (0, ∞ ) and decreasing in (−∞, 0)
(d) decreasing in (0, ∞) and increasing in (−∞, 0)
38. The function y = x3 + 5x2 - 1 is decreasing in the interval
10 10
(a) − <x<0 (b) -3 < x < 3 (c) 0 < x < ∞ (d) − ∞ < x < −
3 3
39. If y = 8x3 - 60x2 + 144x + 27 is a decreasing function in the interval (a, b), then (a, b) is
(a) (-3, 2) (b) (2, 3) (c) (5, 6) (d) (3, 2)
3 2
40. The interval on which f(x) = 2x + 9x + 12x - 1 is decreasing is
(a) (−1, ∞ ) (b) (-2, -1) (c) (−∞, − 2) (d) (-1, 1)
41. Let f(x) = x3 + 6x2 + px + 2. If the largest possible interval, in which f(x) is a decreasing function, is
(-3, -1), then 'p' equals:
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) -2 (d) none of these
-1
42. The function f(x) = cot x + x increases in the interval
(a) (1, ∞ ) (b) (−1, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, ∞ ) (d) (0, ∞ )

π
43. The function f(x) = a cos x + b tan x + x has extreme values at x = 0 and x = , then
6

2 2 2 2
(a) a = − , b = −1 (b) a = , b = −1 (c) a = − , b = 1 (d) a = , b =1
3 3 3 3

log x
44. The maximum value of is
x

2 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) e (d)
e e
45. The point (0, 5) is closest to the curve x2 = 2y at
(a) ( 2 2 , 0) (b) (0, 0) (c) (2, 2) (d) none of these
46. Divide 64 into two parts such that the sum of cubes of two parts is minimum. The two parts are
(a) 44, 20 (b) 16, 48 (c) 32, 32 (d) 50, 14
x
47. x has a stationary point at
1
(a) x = e (b) x = (c) x = 1 (d) x = e
e
48. If f(x) = x5 - 5x4 + 5x3 - 10 has local max. and min. at x = a and x = b respectively, then (a, b) is
(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, 3)
(c) (1, 0) (d) none of these

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 x 2 y2
49. The point of the hyperbola − = 1 which is nearest to the line 3x + 2y + 1 = 0 is
24 18
(a) (6, -3) (b) (-6, 3) (c) (3, 6) (d) (6, 3)
50. Given: f(x) = x1/x, (x > 0) has the maximum value at x = e, then
(a) e π > πe (b) e π > πe (c) e π = π e (e) e π ≤ π e

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L E V E L - 2 (Subjective) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n

d 2y
1. For a certain curve = 6x - 4 and y has a local minimum value 5 when x = 1 .
dx 2
Find the equation and the global maximum and minimum values of y, given that 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 .
2. Suppose f(x) is real valued polynomial function of degree 6 satisfying the following conditions ;
(a) f has minimum value at x = 0 and 2
(b) f has maximum value at x = 1

f (x)
x 1 0
1 1
(c) for all x, Limit ln 0 x 1 = 2 . Determine f(x).
x→0 x
1 0 1
x

3. If x > 0, let f(x) = 5 x2 + A x -5 , where A is a positive constant . Find the smallest A such that f(x) ³ 24 for all
x>0.
π π
4. Let f ( x ) = sin 3 x + λ sin 2 x where − < x < . Find the intervals in which ‘ λ ’ should lie in order that f(x) has
2 2
exactly one minimum and exactly one maximum
1
5. Find the points of maxima and minima of the function, f ( x ) = log x − bx + x 2 , x > 0 when b ≥ 0 is a constant
8
1
6. A cubic f(x) vanishes at x = -2 and has a relative min./max. at x = -1 and x = 1/3. If ∫ f ( x )dx = 14 / 3, then find
−1

the cubic function f(x)

 3 b3 − b2 + b − 1

7. Let f ( x ) = − x + b 2 + 3b + 2 , 0 ≤ x < 1
 2 x − 3, 1≤ x ≤ 3

Find all possible real values of ‘b’ such that f(x) has the smallest value at x = 1.
8. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve y2(a + x) = x2 (3a - x) at the points where x = a.
9. Investigate for maximum and minimum values the function given by y = sin x + cos 2x in [0,2π]
10. If P(x) = 51x101 - 2323x100 - 45x + 1035, using Rolle's theorem, prove that atleast one root lies between
(451/100,46).
11. Let f(x) = 4x2 - 4ax + a2 - 2a + 2. Find all possible values of parameter ‘a’ such that global minimum value of
f(x) for x ∈ [0, 2] is equal to 3.
12. Find all possible values of the parameter ' b ' for each of which the function,
f (x) = sin 2x - 8 (b + 2) cos x - (4 b2 + 16 b + 6)x is monotonic decreasing throughout the number line and
has no critical points .
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13. Determine the condition so that the function f(x) = x3 + px2 + qx + r is an increasing function for all real x.
x
ln t
14. Let f (x) = ∫ dt, ∀ x ∈ R + f (x) and g(x) = f (x) + f (1/ x) ∀ x ∈ R + . Find g(x) in terms of x and discuss its
1
1+ t

monotonicity.

x
15. Let g( x ) = 2f   + f (2 − x ) and f ′′( x ) < 0 ∀ x ∈(0, 2) . Find the intervals of increase and decrease of g(x).
2

 a+4  5
16. Find the set of all values of ‘a’ for which the function f ( x ) =  − 1 x − 3x + log 5 decreases for all real x.
 1− a 

 π
17. Let f ′(sin x ) < 0 and f ′′(sin x ) > 0 ∀ x ∈ 0,  and g(x) = f(sin x) + f(cos x), then find the interval of increase
 2
and decrease of g(x).

 xe ax , x≤0
18. Let f(x) be given by f ( x ) =  where ‘a’ is a positive constant. Then find the interval in
x + ax − x , x > 0
2 3

which f ′( x ) is increasing.
19. Show that the curve y = bex/a, the subtangent is of constant length and subnormal varies as the square of
ordinate?
20. Find the equation of tangent and normal, the length of subtangent and subnormal of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at the
point (x1, y1).
21. Find the equation of normal to the curve x + y = xy, where it cuts x-axis.
22. Let P be any point on the curve x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3. Then find the length of the segment of the tangent between the
coordinate axes.
23. If the relation between sub-normal SN and subtangent ST at any point S on the curve; by2 = (x + a)3 is
p
p(SN) = q(ST)2, then find the value of .
q
24. Find the equation of normal to the curve y = (1 + x)y + sin-1(sin2 x) at x = 0.
25. Find all tangents to the curve y = cos (x + y), − 2π ≤ x ≤ 2π that are parallel to the line x + 2y = 0.
26. Determine the parameters a, b, c in the equation of the curve y = ax2 + bx + c so that y = x is a tangent to the
curve at x = 1 and the curve passes through the point (-1, 0).
27. If two variables x and y are such that x > 0 and xy = 1, find the minimum value of x + y.
28. Find the maximum slope of the curve y = -x3 + 3x2 + 9x - 27 and at what point is it?
1 1 1 1
29. Show that the curves ax2 + by2 = 1 and a1x2 + b1y2 = 1 cut each other orthogonally if − = − .
a1 a b1 b
1
30. Use the function f (x ) = x x , x > 0 to show that e π > π e .

x +1
 1
31. Show that f ( x ) = 1 +  is a decreasing function for x > 0.
 x

(
32. Show that 2x − tan −1 x ≥ log x + 1 + x 2 for x > 0. )
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LEVEL - 3
(Questions asked from previous Engineering Exams) www.mathiit.in

1. The minimum value of the function y = 2x3 - 21x2 + 36x - 20 is

(a) -128 (b) -126 (c) -120 (d) none of these
2. The maximum value of the function sin x (1 + cos x) is

3 3
(a) 3 (b) (c) 4 (d) 3 3
4
3. f(x) = sin x + cos 2x (x > 0) has minima for x =
nπ 3 1
(a) (b) ( n + 1) π (c) ( 2n + 1) π (d) none of these
2 2 2
x
4. The difference between the greatest and the least value of f ( x ) = ∫ e t (1 + t ) dt in the interval [1, 2] is
0

(a) 2e2 - e (b) 3e2 - 2e (c) 2e (d) none of these

3 2 2
5. If the function f(x) = 2x - 9ax + 12a x + 1, where a > 0, attains its maximum and minimum at p and q
respectively such that p2 = q, then a equals
1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 3
2
6. The real number x when added to its inverse gives the minimum value of the sum at x equal to
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) -2 (d) 2
2
7. The length of subnormal to the parabola y = 4ax at any point is equal to
a
(a) 2a (b) 2 2 a (c) (d) 2a
2
8. Sum of squares of intercepts made on coordinate axes by the tangent to the curve x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 is
(a) a2 (b) 2a2
(c) 3a2 (d) 4a2
9. The length of normal at 't' on the curve x = a(t + sin t), y = a(1 - cos t) is

t t t t t
(a) a sin t (b) 2a sin 3   sec (c) 2a sin tan (d) 2a sin
2 2 2 2 2
10. The length of the subtangent to the curve x2 + xy + y2 = 7 at (1, -3) is
3
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 15 (d)
5
11. For the parabola y2 = 4ax, the ratio of the subtangent to the abscissa is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
(c) x : y (d) x2 : y
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12. The abscissae of the points where the tangent to curve y = x3 - 3x2 - 9x + 5 is parallel to x-axis are
(a) x = -1, 3 (b) x = -3, 1
(c) x = 1, -1 (d) x = 0
13. The equation of the tangent ot eh curve y = be-x/a at the point where it crosses the y-axis is
x y x y
(a) − =1 (b) ax + by = 1 (c) ax - by = 1 (d) + =1
a b a b
14. If a < 0, the function f(x) = eax + e-ax is monotonically decreasing for all values of x, where
(a) x < 0 (b) x > 0 (c) x < 1 (d) x > 1
log x
15. The maximum value of in [ 2, ∞ ) is
x

log 2 1
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
2 e
16. For what value of x, the function x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 7 is increasing
(a) for all x (b) for x < 0 (c) for x > 0 (d) for x = 0
17. Let x, y be two variables and x > 0, xy = 1, then minimum value of x + y is
1 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 3
2 3
18. If f(x) = ex, x ∈ [0, 1] , then a number 'c' of Lagrange's mean value theorem is
(a) log (e - 1) (b) log (e + 1) (c) log e (d) none of these
2
19. The equation of the tangent to the curve (1 + x )y = 2 - x where it crosses X-axis is
(a) x + 5y = 2 (b) x - 5y = 2 (c) 5x - y = 2 (d) 5x + y - 2 = 0
20. The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec. The rate at which the area increases,
when the side is 10 cm is
10
(a) 3 sq. units/sec (b) 10 sq. units/sec (c) 10 3 sq. units/sec (d) sq. units/sec
3
21. Angle between y2 = x and x2 = y at origin is
π π
(a) 2 tan-1(3/4) (b) tan-1 (4/3) (c) (d)
2 4
22. If x + y = 60; x, y > 0 then maximum value of xy3 is
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 15(45)3 (d) 45(15)3
23. On [1, e], the greatest value of x2 log x is

1  1 
(a) e2 (b) log   (c) e 2 log e (d) none of these
e  e
24. The function f(x) = x1/x is
(a) increasing in (1, ∞)
(b) decreasing in (1, ∞)
(c) increasing in (1, e) and decreasing in (e, ∞ )
(d) decreasing in (1, e) and increasing in (e, ∞ )

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 1
25. If f ( x ) = − log(1 + x ), x > 0, then f is
x +1
(a) an increasing function (b) a decreasing function
(c) both increasing and decreasing (d) none of these
26. The point on the curve x + y = a , the normal at which is parallel to the x-axis is
(a) (0, 0) (b) (0, a) (c) (a, 0) (d) (a, a)
27. If the line ax + by + c = 0 is a normal to the curve xy = 1, then
(a) a > 0, b > 0 (b) a > 0, b < 0 (c) a < 0, b < 0 (d) none of these
28. The normal to the curve x = a (cos θ + θ sin θ), y = a (sin θ − θ cos θ) at any θ is such that
(a) it makes a constant angle with x-axis (b) it passes through origin
(c) it is at a constant distance from the origin (d) none of these
29. The triangle formed by the tangent to the curve f(x) = x2 + bx - b at the point (1, 1) and the coordinate axes lies
in the first quadrant. If its area is 2, then the value of b is
(a) -1 (b) 3 (c) -3 (d) 1
t t
30. If the parametric equation of a curve is given by x = e cos t, y = e sin t, then the tangent to the curve at the point
π
t= makes with the axis of x-axis the angle
4
(a) 0 (b) π / 4 (c) π / 3 (d) π / 2
xy
31. The curve y - e + x = 0 has a vertical tangent at the point
(a) (1, 1) (b) at no point (c) (0, 1) (d) (1, 0)
π
32. The equation of the tangent to the curve y = 2 sin x + sin 2x at x = is equal to
3

(a) 2 y = 3 3 (b) y = 3 3 (c) 2 y + 3 3 = 0 (d) y + 3 3 = 0

x π
33. The points on the curve y = where the tangent is inclined at angle to x-axis are
1− x 2
4

(a) (0, 0), ( 3 , − 3 / 2) (b) (0, 0), ( − 3 , − 3 / 2)

(c) (0, 0), ( 3 , 3 / 2) (d) none of these

34. The coordiantes of the point on the curve y = x2 + 3x + 4 the tangent at which passes through the origin is equal to
(a) (2, 14), (-2, 2) (b) (2, 14), (-2, -2)
(c) (2, 14), (2, 2) (d) none of these
2 3
35. If y = 4x - 5 is a tangent to the curve y = ax + b at (2, 3), then
(a) a = 2, b = -7 (b) a = -2, b = 7
(c) a = -2, b = -7 (d) a = 2, b = 7
3π
36. If the normal to the curve y = f(x) at the point (3, 4) makes an angle with the positive x-axis, then f ′(3) =
4

3 4
(a) -1 (b) − (c) (d) 1
4 3
37. If x + y = k is normal to y2 = 12x, then k is
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) -9 (d) -3

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38. The points on the curve y3 + 3x2 = 12y where the tangent is vertical, is (are)

 4   π   4 
(a)  ± , − 2 (b)  ± , − 1 (c) (0, 0) (d)  ± , 2
 3   3   3 

x α ln x , x > 0
39. Let f ( x ) =  Rolle's theorem is applicable to f for x ∈ [0,1], if α =
 0, x=0

1
(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d)
2
40. If f(x) = xex(1 - x), then f(x) is

 1   1 
(a) increasing on  − , 1 (b) decreasing on R (c) increasing on R (d) decreasing on  − , 1
 2   2 
41. Let h(x) = f(x) - (f(x))2 + (f(x))3 for every real x, then
(a) h is increasing whenever f is increasing (b) h is increasing whenever f is decreasing
(c) h is decreasing whenever f is increasing (d) nothing can be said in general
42. The function f(x) = sin4x + cos4x increases if

π π 3π 3π 5π 5π 3π
(a) 0 < x < (b) <x< (c) <x< (d) <x<
8 4 8 8 8 8 4
43. For all x ∈ (0, 1)
(a) ex < 1 + x (b) loge(1 + x) < x (c) sin x > x (d) loge x > x
44. Let f ( x ) = ∫ e x ( x − 1)( x − 2) dx . Then f decreases in the interval

(a) ( −∞, − 2) (b) (-2, -1) (c) (1, 2) (d) (2, ∞ )

45. The length of a longest interval in which the function 3 sin x - 4 sin3 x is increasing is
π π 3π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
3 2 2
x 2 +1
46. If f ( x ) = ∫ e − t dt , then f(x) increases in
2

x2

(a) (2, 2) (b) no value of x (c) (0, ∞ ) (d) (−∞, 0)

47. If y = a log |x| + bx2 + x has its extremum values at x = -1 and x = 2, then
1 1
(a) a = 2, b = -1 (b) a = 2, b = − (c) a = −2, b = (d) none of these
2 2
x
48. The function, f ( x ) = ∫
−1
t (e t − 1)( t − 1)( t − 2)3 ( t − 3)5 dt has a local minimum at x =

(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4

| x | for 0 < | x | ≤ 2
49. Let f ( x ) =  . Then at x = 0, f has
 1 for x = 0
(a) a local maximum (b) no local maximum (c) a local minimum (d) no extremum
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 π
50. If A > 0, B > 0 and A + B = , then the maximum value of tan A . tan B is
3

1 1
(a) (b)
3 3

(c) 3 (d) 3


x + 2, − 1 ≤ x < 0

51. Let f ( x ) =  1, x = 0 . Then on [-1, 1], this function has:
 x
 2 , 0 < x ≤1

(a) a minimum (b) a maximum

(c) either a maximum or a minimum (d) neither a maximum nor a minimum
52. The maximum value of f (θ) = a sin θ + b cos θ is

a a
(a) (b) (c) ab (d) a 2 + b2
b a 2 + b2

x 2 −1
53. If f ( x ) = , for every real x, then the minimum value of 'f '
x2 +1
(a) does not exist because f is unbounded (b) is not attained even through f is bounded
(c) is equal to 1 (d) is equal to -1

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 ANSWER KEY

LEVEL - 1 (Objective)

1. b 26 . d
2. c 27 . b
3. a 28. a
4. b 29 . a
5. d 30 . c
6. d 31 . a
7. c 32 . b
8. a 33 . b
9. c 34 . c
10 . d 36 . a
11 . a 37 . a
12 . a 38 . a
13 . d 39 . b
15 . a 40 . b
16 . d 41 . a
17 . b 43 . a
18 . c 44 . d
19 . d 45 . d
20 . b 46 . c
22 . c 47 . b
23 . d 48 . b
24 . a 49. b
25 . d 50 . a

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 ANSWER KEY
LEVEL -2 (Subjective)

1. y = x3 - 2x2 + x + 5,
 3 − 21 
Global Maximum Value = 7; 16. a ∈ − 4,  ∪ (1, ∞)
Global Minimum Value = 5  2 

2 6 12 5
2. f(x) = x - x + 2 x4 ð ð
3 5 17. g′(x) > 0 if x ∈  ,  and
4 2
7/ 2
 24 
3. A=2    ð
 7 g′(x) < 0 if x ∈  0, 
 4
 3   3
4. λ ∈  − , 0  ∪  0,  −2 a
 2   2 18.  , 
 a 3
b − b2 −1 19.
5. f(x)max when x = and b > 1 20. Eqn. of tangent is xx1 + yy1 = a2.
4
Eqn. of normal is xy1 - x1y = 0.
b + b2 −1
f(x)min when x = and b > 1 y1
2

4 Length of subtangent is x
1
f(x) neither max nor min when b = 1.
6. (x + 2)(x2 - x + 1) = 0 Length of subnormal is |x1|
7. (-2, -1) ∪ [1, ∞ ) 21. y=x-1
8. Equation of tangent x + 2y + 3a = 0 22. Length of intercept on coordinates axis = a.
Equation of normal 2x - y - 3a = 0 p 8b
23. =
9 9
,
q 27
9. are its two max. values and 0, -2 are
8 8
24. x+y=1
its two min. values.
10. π 3π
25. x + 2y = , x + 2y = −
2 2
11. 1 − 2 and 5 + 10

(− ∞ , − (3 + ) (
1 1 1
12. 3) È 3 − 1, ∞ ) 26. a=
4
,b= ,c=
2 4
13. p2 - 3q < 0. 27. 2
1 28. Maximum slope = 12 and it occurs
14. g( x) = (ln x)2 and it’s increasing in (1, ∞) at (1, -16).
2
and decreasing in (0, 1) 29.
30.
 4 31.
15. g(x) is increasing in  0,  and decreasing
 3 32.

4 
in  , 2
3 

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 ANSWER KEY

LEVEL - 3 (Questions asked from previous Engineering Exams)

1. a 28. c
2. b 29. c
3. c 30. d
4. a 31. d
5. b 32. a
6. a 33. a
7. d 34. a
8. a 35. a
9. c 36. d
10. c 37. b
11. b 38. d
12. a 39. d
13. d 40. a
14. a 41. a
15. c 42. b
16. a 43. b
17. b 44. c
18. a 45. a
19. a 46. d
20. c 47. b
21. c 48. b
22. c 49. d
23. a 50. b
24. c 51. d
25. b 52. d
26. b 53. d
27. b

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