Conjunctions Handout by Sir Paul

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CONJUNCTIONS

Definition
A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) words or groups of
words in a sentence. Three main kinds of conjunctions are coordinating
conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions connect similar kinds of words or similar groups of
words. The simple, little conjunctions are called coordinating conjunctions. It
may help you remember these conjunctions by recalling that they all have
fewer than four letters. Also, remember the acronym FANBOYS: For-And-NorBut-Or-Yet-So.
Coordinating Conjunctions
and

but

or

yet

for

nor

so

When a coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses, it is


often (but not always) accompanied by a comma:
Mona wants to play for the varsity, but she has had trouble meeting the
academic requirements.
When the two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction
are nicely balanced or brief, many writers will omit the comma:
Angelo has a great jump shot but he isn't quick on his feet.
A comma is also used with but when expressing a contrast:
This is a useful rule, but difficult to remember.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after
although
as
as if
as long as
as though
because
before
even if
even though

If
if only
in order that
now that
once
rather than
since
so that
than
that

though
till
unless
until
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
while

A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or


subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause
and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of
the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest
of the sentence for its meaning.

He took to the stage as though he had been preparing for this moment
all his life.
Because he loved acting, he refused to give up his dream of being in
the movies.
Unless we act now, all is lost.

Notice that some of the subordinating conjunctions in the table below after,
before, since are also prepositions, but as subordinators they are being
used to introduce a clause and to subordinate the following clause to the
independent element in the sentence.

Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions also connect similar words or groups of words.
However, they always appear in pairs.
both . . . and
neither . . . nor
not only . . . but
whether . . . or
also
not . . . but
either . . . or

Michael Jordan is good in both basketball and baseball.


Neither the Democrats nor the Republicans hold a dominant majority.
Emilio Jacinto fought not only bravely but also intelligently.

The conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless,


consequently, as a result are used to create complex relationships between
ideas.

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