Leadership Wisdom: Lessons from Sikhism

Jasleen Kaur* and Dr. Dharminder Singh Ubha*

The Sikh religion, known to be the most modern, scientific and all embracing religion, is
unique not only in its form and faith but in content and philosophy as well. Sri Guru Granth
Sahib is the holy scripture of the Sikhs, which manifests the wisdom of great sages and
saints. It contains the hymns of thirty- six holy spirits of whom only six were Sikh Gurus and
of the remaining thirty, fifteen were Hindu and Muslim saints, four were followers of the
Gurus and eleven were Bards who were called `Bhatta or Brahmin scholars thus giving it
a pluralistic outlook and universal appeal. The scripture has been open to the whole
mankind and it is not confined to the any one sect, community or geographical region. The
decision of the tenth Sikh Master to pronounce Sri Guru Granth Sahib as the Guru is totally
new in the history of religions and it has given the Sikh religion a new meaning, a new
direction and a new dimension. Literature dealing with the interplay between religion and
leadership values has been growing over the last many years. The existing literature on the
subject shows that the scholars have been doing a commendable work on the role of
religion and spirituality in the value based leadership and governance of a business. This
also appears inevitable for the future of business and boosting the confidence of investors
and faith of the society because of the scandals and scams that have brought the business
world to near collapse. Leadership is inherently value-based since it is intentional and
purposive. In this paper, the researchers have made an effort to study Sri Guru Granth
Sahib, the scripture of the Sikhs to explore values and ethic based principles and practices
needed for building ethical leaders. The effort is to highlight the great philosophy from Sri
Guru Granth Sahib so as to guide the destiny of the business world in its material pursuits.
Ethical conduct is basically the inner voice of the business leaders and it is assumed that
Sri Guru Granth Sahib can give them a good direction. Thus the study is aimed at
formulating and systematizing the intuitive wisdom of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib in the field
of leadership ethics. The basic research mission is to develop and disseminate research
findings for the ethical management of organizations according to the divine knowledge
enunciated in the holy Sri Guru Granth Sahib and to explore the different leadership ethics
from the view point of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. The study is significant in being the maiden
attempt in the said field. The wisdom of Sri Guru Granth Sahib can transform the mankind
from ordinary to extra-ordinary, propounding a complete life-style and demolishing away
the walls of falsehood, ignorance and ego. Sri Guru Granth Sahib emphasizes the virtues
of wisdom, truthfulness, justice, temperance, courage, humility, contentment, and love for
humanity, which are now the cherished ideals of ethical leadership. Vices of Lust, Wrath,
Greed, Attachment and Pride, which are roots of unethical leadership, are termed as the
worst sins in Sikhism. It is important to note that the values upheld by Sikhism are of
paramount importance for spiritual seekers and are a prelude to happy life. The research is
mainly exploratory in nature and is based on qualitative research methodology called
hermeneutics, which is the interpretation of ancient, classical or religious literature and
philosophy.
Jasleen Kaur, Head, School of Commerce & Management, GSSDGS Khalsa College, Patiala
Punjab, India, [email protected]
Dr. Dharminder Singh Ubha* Principal, GSSDGS Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab, India,
[email protected],

1. Introduction:
Leaders play a key role in the achievement of the objectives of the organisation
and they are expected to stimulate the ethical climate at work (Dickenson et al, 2001).
Ethical leaders provide subordinates with voice, ask for and listen to their input, and
allow them to share in decision making on issues that concern their tasks (Brown et al.,
2005). Kanungo and Mendonca (2001) observe that an ethical leader follows the
system of accepted beliefs and appropriate judgments instead of his self-interest, which
is beneficial to the followers, organisations, and society at large. Such leaders
communicate transparently and respectfully, while clarifying responsibilities,
expectations, and performance goals (Den Hartog et al., 2009).

The present day corporate managements have been developing and promoting
ethical leadership in their organisations because they feel that it has an overall positive
impact on the organisation (Kanungo, 2001). The ethical leadership can guide the
development of a corporate culture with a vision that makes ethics essential and central
within the fabric of the organisation (Seidman, 2004). Brown et al. (2005) defined ethical
leadership as the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal
actions and interpersonal relationships and the promotion of such conduct to followers
through two way communication, reinforcement and decision-making. Thus, ethical
leadership refers to adherence of fair management practices followed by strong
principles. Ethical leaders fix higher standards for their followers and at the same time
they ensure their commitment to those standards because leading by example is the
utmost necessity to promote an environment of ethics.

2. Concept of Ethics:
Ethics guide and control human conduct by influencing the behaviour of a
person. They set out standards that determine what is right or wrong, true or false, fair
or unfair, just or unjust, and proper or improper. These may be defined as the
standardized form of conduct of individuals understood and accepted in a particular field
of activity. These are normally linked to the notions of honesty, integrity, trust,
accountability, transparency and social responsibility. Ethics in most cases run parallel
to law and shows due consideration to rights and interests of others in a civilized
society. Ethical principles are dictated by the society and underlie broad social policies.
These principles when known, understood and accepted, determine generally the
propriety or impropriety of any activity. Ethics are rooted in our morals, but are modified
by group decisions, peer pressures and circumstances. Ethics formulization is the
benchmark of human behaviour. The coordination of action, emotion, religion and logic
generate ethics, which a man is bound and expected to follow.
Ethics is the voice of conscience and a clear conscience is the softest pillow to
sleep. Ethics involves not only our thinking, but also our feeling. It is the art of
recommending to others the sacrifices required for cooperation with oneself. Ethical
norms are not just arbitrary, man-made rules but stem from an inherent, common regard
for ones own interest and comfort. Ethical behaviour is doing what is best in enhancing

the trust and confidence between two entities so that both feel energized and enthused
to work towards the betterment of common good.

3. Review of Literature:
Literature highlighting the importance of religious values in management and
leadership has been growing over the last many years. Several contributions note that
the Hebrew Bible, Rabbinic writings, the Quran and the books of Sunnah are
reasonably explicit concerning the ethical standards expected in particular business
contexts (Epstein,2002; Sacks, 2004; Tamari, 1990). The philosophy of the Gita
regarding management clearly highlights that the organization will thrive only when a
manager keeps a larger vision comprising good of mankind and the welfare of society
and in the end like Arjuna, one should be above all doubts towards the duties and rise in
enlightenment (Chakravarty, 2005).
Recent corporate scandals and the increasingly international context within which
modern businesses operate have raised important issues concerning the roles and
responsibilities of the leaders of the business. Pressures on business leaders to perform
ethically have intensified and in consequence, they face pressure to develop policies,
standards and behaviours that demonstrate their sensitivity to stakeholders concerns
(Brammer et al, 2007). Numerous thoughts and theories have been propounded, tried
and practiced. Nevertheless the prudence shrouded in Indian scriptures like Rig Veda,
Manu Smriti, Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Srimad Bhagvat
Gita and Artha Sastra, remains par excellence (Mishra, 2007). The success of Jain
business community is the outcome of their cultural and religious heritage. Jains follow
an ethical code of conduct in business and regularly interact with monks and nuns
(Shah, 2007). Islamic leadership requires leaders to possess excellent qualities or traits.
These traits and qualities could be learnt from the habits of those effective leadership
and principles underlying best management practices shown by the Holy Prophet and
the wise Caliphs (Agil et al., 2007). The above studies conclude that that religion and
spirituality can play an important role in ethical management and leadership.

4. Need and Significance of the Present Study:

Leadership and management are human activities. They are both the art and the
skill of utilizing productive resources to achieve desired goals. However, what is more
pertinent is the role of a leader as one who leads and one who manages to translate
visions, directions and plans into effective actions. It is through history that we are able
to know why certain leaders and management systems are effective and workable and
others are not (Agil et al., 2007). The existing literature on the subject shows that the
scholars have been doing a commendable work on the role of religion and spirituality in
the value based leadership and governance of a business. This also appears inevitable
for the future of business and boosting the confidence of investors and faith of the
society because of the scandals and scams that have brought the business world to a
near collapse. Leadership is inherently value-based since it is intentional and purposive.
In this paper, the researchers have made an effort to study Sri Guru Granth
Sahib, the scripture of the Sikhs to explore values and ethic based principles and

practices needed for building ethical leaders. The effort is to highlight the great
philosophy from Sri Guru Granth Sahib so as to guide the destiny of the business world
in its material pursuits. Ethical conduct is basically the inner voice of the business
leaders and it is assumed that Sri Guru Granth Sahib can give them a good direction.
Thus the study is aimed at formulating and systematizing the intuitive wisdom of the Sri
Guru Granth Sahib in the field of leadership ethics. The basic research mission is to
develop and disseminate research findings for the ethical management of organizations
according to the divine knowledge enunciated in the holy Sri Guru Granth Sahib and to
explore different leadership ethics from the view point of Sri Guru Granth Sahib.
The study is significant in being the maiden attempt in the said field. The vision given in
Sri Guru Granth Sahib can transform the mankind from ordinary to extra-ordinary,
propounding a complete life-style and demolishing away the walls of falsehood,
ignorance and ego. Sri Guru Granth Sahib emphasized the virtues of wisdom,
truthfulness, justice, temperance, courage, humility, contentment, and love for humanity,
which are now the cherished ideals of ethical leadership. Vices of Lust, Wrath, Greed,
Attachment and Pride, which are roots of unethical leadership, are termed as the worst
sins in Sikhism. It is important to note that the values upheld by Sikhism are of
paramount importance for spiritual seekers and are a prelude to happy life.

5. Brief Introduction to Sikhism:

The Sikh religion is the most modern, scientific, unique and all embracing
religion. . It is modern because when we look at the history of main religions of the
world, it not only appears to be the youngest of all- hardly five hundred years old- but
also proves to be the most time-relevant. It is scientific because, though it is believed
that faith and logic cant go together, the whole of the philosophy on which Sikh religion
is based, is by and large, fully logical, rational, objective and scientific. The religion is
unique not only in its form and faith but in its content, philosophy, traditions, culture and
history as well. It is all embracing because it is based on the principle of fatherhood of
God and brotherhood of mankind, not confined to the people belonging to any particular
class, creed, community or geographical area but taking in its fold the whole mankind.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the holy scripture of the Sikhs, which manifests the
wisdom of great sages and saints. It contains the Hymns of thirty- six holy spirits of
whom only six were Sikh Gurus and of the remaining thirty, fifteen were Hindu and
Muslim saints, four were followers of the Gurus and eleven were Bards who were called
`Bhatta or Brahmin scholars thus giving it a pluralist outlook and universal appeal.
The scripture has been open to the whole mankind and it is not confined to any one
sect, community or geographical region. The decision of the tenth Sikh Master to
pronounce Sri Guru Granth Sahib as the Guru is totally new in the history of religions
and it has given the Sikh religion a new meaning, a new direction and a new dimension.
The wisdom enshrined in Sri Guru Granth Sahib can transform the mankind from
ordinary to extra-ordinary, propounding a complete life-style and demolishing away the
walls of falsehood, ignorance and ego.
Sikhism, the fifth largest and one of the youngest religions of the world is
considered as the most down to earth and practical religion of the world. It is a religion

of the new age. It is an egalitarian religion which preaches a message of love, devotion,
truthful living, liberty, equality, fraternity and remembrance (Simran) of God at all times.
It is a universal faith with a message of peace and prosperity for the whole world. It is a
life affirming faith with positive attitude and high spirits. It is heartfelt adoration, devotion
and surrender to one God. It is a thoroughly modern and progressive religion which
evolved in India as a solution to the catastrophe that plagued Indian society in the
fifteenth century.
According to Joseph Davey Cunningham (1812-51), the first British historian of
the Sikhs, The credit goes to Guru Nanak that he introduced real reforms and laid the
foundation on which his successor, the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created a
new nation. Guru Nanak saved his followers from those shortcomings to which the
disciples of many other religions had been falling a prey to for centuries. He taught the
people worship of God and purity of character. In this way, he started a new religion
which was simple, independent, non-communal and free from rites and rituals (A History
of the Sikhs).
Max Arthur Macauliffe, an eminent English scholar and historian in his famous
book The Sikh Religion, opines, The Sikh religion differs as regards the authenticity of
its dogmas from most other great theological systems. Many of the great teachers the
world has known, have not left a line of their own composition, and we know what they
taught only through tradition or second-hand information. If Pythagoras wrote any of the
tenets, his writings have not descended to us. We know the teachings of Socrates only
through the writings of Plato and Xenophon. Buddha has left no written memorials of his
teaching. Kungfu-tze, known to Europeans as Confucius, left no documents in which he
detailed the principles of his moral and social systems. The founder of Christianity did
not reduce his doctrines to writing, and for them we are obliged to trust the Gospels
according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The Arabian Prophet did not himself
reduce to writing the chapters of the Quran. They were written or compiled by his
adherents and followers. But the compositions of the Sikh Gurus are preserved and we
know firsthand what they taught.
According to Sikhism, man's salvation lies not only in his faith, but also in his
character and his eagerness to do active good. "Life without virtue runs to waste," says
Guru Nanak. The Guru gives practical tips to achieve the goal. Every Sikh is expected
to replace lust, anger, greed, undue worldly attachment and pride with their virtuous
counterparts, self-control, forgiveness, contentment; love of God and humility before
deciding to go to the next step of doing active good. It is like sweeping the floor. As a
rule; where the broom does not reach, the dust will not vanish off itself. "The new thing
will fill the vessel only if the existing one is wiped out," says the Guru.

6. Scope and Methodology of the Study:

The World Economic Forum, which is an active independent international
organisation committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business,
political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry
agendas, in its 2005 meet of various leaders from business, academia and government
identified and agreed upon six top priority guiding values (traits) to be inculcated among

the leaders for addressing the global pressing issues. These values include integrity,
compassion, equity, tolerance, selflessness and stewardship. In the present paper an
attempt has been made to disseminate the wisdom of Sri Guru Granth Sahib in relation
to the above six core values so that the world at large can come across the spiritual
treatment given to the said core areas. The research is mainly exploratory in nature and
is based on qualitative research methodology called hermeneutics, which is the
interpretation of ancient, classical or religious literature. Knowledge derived in this way
can be used in an informed and deliberate way to guide the managers and leaders in
ethical conduct and value based management of the business organizations.

7. Sri Guru Granth Sahib & Leadership Values:

Sri Guru Granth Sahib contains the philosophy of action, deed and consequence.
It offers a perfect set of values and practical code of conduct. It emphasizes the virtues
of wisdom, truthfulness, justice, temperance, courage, humility, contentment, and love
for humanity, which are now the cherished ideals of ethical leadership. Vices of lust,
wrath, greed, attachment and pride, which are roots of unethical leadership, are termed
as the worst sins in it. It is indeed the complete and perfect teacher and the Sikhs have
been ordered by the tenth Sikh Guru to seek every direction of life from Sri Guru Granth
Sahib. The selected six core ethical leadership values as enshrined in Sri Guru Granth
Sahib are interpreted here as under:
7.1 The Value of Integrity:
The word integrity has been derived from the Latin adjective integer which means
whole or complete. It signifies the inner sense completeness which can be obtained with
the virtues of honesty, truthfulness and consistency of character. Jimmy Carter, the 39 th
President of USA, writes that integrity requires three steps: "discerning what is right and
what is wrong; acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost; and saying
openly that you are acting on your understanding of right from wrong. Integrity should
be the hallmark of the leaders. All the frauds of the business world are the outcome of
untruthfulness and dishonesty in the behaviour of the business leaders. According to Sri
Guru Granth Sahib, Truth is higher than everything; but higher still is truthful living
(SGGS, 62). Sri Guru Granth Sahib further says, Those who do not have the Assets of
Truth-how can they find peace? By dealing their deals of falsehood, their minds and
bodies become false. Like the deer caught in the trap, they suffer in terrible agony; they
continually cry out in pain (SGGS, 23). It suggests that the people who deal in truth,
they get salvation from the fear of death. To this desirable conduct the Guru avers, The
noble people are traders in Truth. They purchase the true merchandise, contemplating
the Guru. One who has the wealth of the true commodity in his lap, is blessed with the
rapture of the True Shabad (SGGS, 1032). And Those traders, who trade in other
merchandise, are caught up in the endless waves of the pain of money. According to
the business in which the Lord has placed them, so are the rewards they obtain
(SGGS, 165).
Sri Guru Granth Sahib totally rejects the dishonest and false dealings in the
business and considers it equivalent to eating dead bodies. The Guru asserts, One

should earn ones living by honest means, share ones earnings with the needy and
keep God Almighty the Creator always in ones mind that is to be always thankful to
Him and Speaking falsehood, one eats poison, and the evil within increases greatly.
The persons who are lost in falsehood create the environment of distrust and suspicion
and modesty and Dharma are far from them and They drown themselves, and drown
their entire family; speaking lies, they eat poison. On the other hand, those who practice
truth, they reap the real profits, abiding in the Will of God. The Guru Says: Those who
walk on the Path of Truth shall be praised throughout the world. Be kind to all beingsthis is more meritorious than bathing at the sixty-eight sacred shrines of pilgrimage and
the giving of charity. The Guru questions: If one's clothes are stained with blood, the
garment becomes polluted. Those who suck the blood of human beings-how can their
consciousness be pure? (SGGS,140). The leaders must keep in mind that without the
Guru, there is no spiritual wisdom; without Dharma, there is no meditation. Without
Truth, there is no credit; without capital, there is no balance (SGGS,1411).
The Guru guides, Make true commerce and gain the objective of life. Then into
regret shall you not fall. Discard false traits, practise goodness. In the soil of
righteousness, cast the seed of truth- be such your cultivation. Thus shall you be known
as a good merchant and carry away true gain(SGGS,148). And Those who have
truth as their fast, contentment as their sacred shrine of pilgrimage, spiritual wisdom
and meditation as their cleansing bath, kindness as their deity, and forgiveness as
their chanting beads- they are the most excellent people (SGGS,1245). The Guru
asserts that one will secure a safe position in the Court of the Almighty only by dealings
in truth and thus, concludes, Deal in true trade, O Trader and Your Merchandise will be
safe in the court of the Lord (SGGS,293).
7.2 The Value of Compassion:
The leader should be a manifestation of compassion. The pains, sufferings,
sorrows and grief of others must be felt by him as his own and he should try his best to
eliminate or lessen them. The word compassion itself denotes the passion for the
colleagues. Love for others what you love for yourself is the universal golden rule. The
virtues of compassion, consideration, giving, sharing, kindness and love are such as
make the life not only meaningful but worth living also. The consideration for others is
inherent in the moral teachings of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Truth, contentment,
compassion, religious faith and purity - I have received these from the Teachings of the
Saint, Says Nanak, one who realizes this in his mind, achieves total understanding
(SGGS, 822). Sri Guru Granth Sahib describes the blissful state: To be imbued and
attuned to the Word of the Lord; to be kind and compassionate; to sing the songs of the
Lord's Praises - these are the most worthwhile actions in this Dark Age of Kali Yuga
(SGGS,1354). It further guides, Let spiritual wisdom be your food, and compassion
your attendant (SGGS,6). And Purity, contentment, compassion, faith and truthfulness
- I have ushered these into the home of myself (SGGS,379).
The desire and ability of the leaders should always be to ameliorate the plight of
the people employees working for the business. Businesses are most successful when
the leaders are not merely concerned with their interests (sales, profits, success), but
with the concerns of the stakeholders. Total concern for employees brings the business

to a state of unity, which can attract infinite accomplishment. The ideal for Sikhism is a
society based upon mutual respect and cooperation and providing an optimal
atmosphere for individuals to grow spiritually. Sikhism regards a cooperative society as
the only truly religious society, as the Sikh view of life and society is grounded in the
worth of every individual as a microcosm of God. Therefore, an individual must never be
imposed upon, coerced, manipulated, or engineered: If thou wouldst seek God,
demolish and distort not the heart of any individual (SGGS,1384). Sri Guru Granth
Sahib asserts that compassion holds the whole earth on it. It says The mythical bull is
Dharma, the son of compassion; this is what patiently holds the earth in its place. One
who understands this becomes truthful. What a great load there is on the
bull!(SGGS,3)
7.3 The Value of Equity:
Equity means justice, giving everyone what belongs to them, and recognizing the
specific conditions or characteristics of each person or human group/sex, gender, class,
religion, age. It is the recognition of diversity, without this providing a reason for
discrimination. It represents justice and fairness in treatment by the leaders. Justice
means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving
each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often
today used interchangeably. Discrimination on any ground, whatsoever it is, is highly
disapproved in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sri Guru Granth Sahib treats everybody as the
creation of One Light: In Thee are all sharers ; to none dost thou appear alien and
Thou Lord of all, our father; in Thy possession lie unending stones (SGGS, 97).
Sri Guru Granth Sahib considers all creatures as noble spirits and seeks the
welfare of all without any prejudice. The Guru guides, None is our foe, none a strangerwith all our we in accord (SGGS,1299) and All creatures are noble, None low, One
soul maker has all vessels fashioned In all three worlds is manifest the same light. The
Guru guides the people lost in various illusions and complexes and gives its verdict:
God first created light, all else to His might subject. Since from one light is the whole
world created- who is noble who inferior (SGGS, 1349).
Sri Guru Granth Sahib advises us to become a virtuous person and He
illuminates our path by giving the solution to attain the same: Make contentment your
ear-rings, humility your begging bowl, and meditation the ashes you apply to your body.
Let the remembrance of death be the patched coat you wear, let the purity of virginity be
your way in the world, and let faith in the Lord be your walking stick. See the
brotherhood of all mankind as the highest order of Yogis; conquer your own mind, and
conquer the world. It further says: Let your mind be the farmer, and good deeds the
farming; and let your body be the farm; your hard work be the water; Let the sweet
remembrance of God Almighty be the seed; and contentment the furrowing and let
humility be the fence. And by the Grace of God the seed will sprout and will give birth to
devotional Love. Fortunate are those homes, where such a situation exists
(SGGS,595).
Sri Guru Granth Sahib also enlightens that there should not be any discrimination
on the basis of gender and the woman must be given high respect. It narrates: From
woman, man is born; within woman, man is conceived; to woman he is engaged and

married. Woman becomes his friend; through woman, the future generations come.
When his woman dies, he seeks another woman; to woman he is bound. So why call
her bad? From her, kings are born. From woman, woman is born; without woman, there
would be no one at all (SGGS,473).
7.4 The Value of Tolerance:
Tolerance is the acceptance of diversity of opinion, social, ethnic, cultural and
religious. It is the ability to listen and accept others, valuing the different ways of
understanding and position in life, provided they do not violate the rights of others. If
tolerance is understood as respect and consideration for the difference, as a provision
to admit other ways of being and acting than their own, or as an attitude of acceptance
of legitimate pluralism, it is clearly a virtue of paramount importance for leaders. Guru
Nanak, The founder of Sikhism, preached the message of love and tolerance and
opposed the caste system and taught social justice, peaceful co-existence and world
concern. Sikhism is known as the religion of harmony, brotherhood and tolerance. The
most sacred site of Sikhism Sri Harmandir Sahib also known as Golden temple has
doorways on all four sides which symbolizes the tolerance of Sikhism greeting all four
religions with open arms.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib says, With tolerance, humility, bliss and intuitive poise,
they continue to meditate on the Lord, the Treasure of excellence(SGGS,253). It
advises that faith, contentment and tolerance are the food and provisions of the angels.
They obtain the Perfect Vision of the Lord, while those who gossip find no place of rest
(SGGS, 83). It advocates that he Saints are tolerant and good-natured; friends and
enemies are the same to them. (SGGS,1356). It implies that leaders must not be
reactive but they should behave in a saintly manner and be pro-active. They should
possess the patient endurance of trees like humble devotees. (SGGS,1381) Sri Guru
Granth Sahib propagates the extreme level of tolerance when it says, Fareed, do not
turn around and strike those who strike you with their fists. Kiss their feet, and return to
your own home (SGGS,1378).
7.5 The Value of Selflessness:
Selflessness is about being humble and compassionate. Selflessness lets one
dedicate his life to helping others. Selflessness is the quality of not putting yourself first
but being willing to give your time or money or effort etc. for others. It is concerned more
with the needs and wishes of others than with one's own. It focuses on a motivation to
help others or a want to do good without reward. Selfless service to humanity is a
unique concept in Sikhism. Selfless Service (Nishkam Seva) is the willingness to
sacrifice selfish desires for the benefit of larger interest of others as an indication of love
and commitment. One who is involved in the selfless service of others does not suffer
from grief to that degree as a person would suffer who is not busy is any such selfless
noble job. The cultivation and practice of selfless service which is termed as Nishkam
Seva in Gurbani or the Sikh Scriptures - attract God's grace and when He bestows His
favor, the Holy Name comes to dwell in that person who performs such service. Sri
Guru Granth Sahib says, One who performs selfless service, without thought of reward,

shall attain his Lord and Master(SGGS-286) and Through selfless service, eternal
peace is obtained. The Gurmukh is absorbed in intuitive peace(SGGS,125).
According to Sri Guru Granth Sahib, That is selfless service, which pleases God,
and which is approved by God (SGGS, 757). Sri Guru Granth Sahib advises, Center
your awareness on seva-selfless service-and focus your consciousness on the Word of
the Shabad (SGGS,110) because Selfless service is the support of the breath of life of
the Gurmukh(SGGS,229). Without selfless service, no one obtains any reward
(SGGS,354) but in egotism, selfless service cannot be performed, and so the soul goes
unfulfilled(SGGS, 560). However, if he eliminates his self-conceit and then performs
service, he shall be honoured. O Nanak, if he merges with the one with whom he is
attached, his attachment becomes acceptable (SGGS,474). The Guru avers, By
selfless service, they find the Lord, while ashes fall on the heads of the slanderers
(SGGS, 733). Thus, they who rid themselves of their selflessness are ever in bliss and
always beauteous.
7.6 The Value of Stewardship:
Stewardship means being in charge of something that is entrusted to us, but not
our own possession. Leaders are the steward of the organisations they serve and at the
same time are also responsible to all the stakeholders of the organisation. They are
supposed to exercise every care in the management of their organisations. In an
organizational context, stewardship refers to leaders responsibility to properly utilize
and develop its resources, including its people, its property and its financial assets.
Stewardship is a principal taught in Christianity and Islam, stemming from the belief that
God is the ultimate owner of everything and one is accountable to God for the care and
use of those possessions. Sri Guru Granth Sahib points out, The Lord always looks
after and cares for all His beings and creatures; He is with all, near and far
(SGGS,1315). A leader is expected to play that kind of stewardship for all concerned.
The activities of business enterprises affect a wide spectrum of the society. The
resources they make use of are not limited to those of the owners but many people who
are in no way connected with the enterprise feel the impact of their operations also. The
most important mission for a successful leader is to develop a healthy relation with all
stakeholders. Sri Guru Granth Sahib pointing to this desirable conduct says: This
Township (of the body) is maintained by truthfulness, contentment, chastity, charity and
self-control all-too-naturally, one is then met with the life of life. And Those who have
truth as their fast, contentment as their sacred shrine of pilgrimage, spiritual wisdom
and meditation as their cleansing bath, kindness as their deity, and forgiveness as
their chanting beads- they are the most excellent people (page-1245).
Sri Guru Granth Sahib declares that the purpose of human beings is to achieve a
blissful state and to be in harmony with the earth and all of God's creation. The Guru
highlights: The Lord infused His Light into the dust and created the world, the universe.
The sky, the earth, the trees, and the water - all are the Creation of the Lord
(SGGS,723). And "Air the vital force, water like the father, and earth like the great
mother. Day and night are like nurses caring for the whole world in their lap (SGGS,8).
The Guru suggests: Make this body the field, and plant the seed of good actions. Water
it with the Name of the Lord, who holds the entire world in His Hands. Let your mind be

the farmer; the Lord shall sprout in your heart, and you shall attain the state of
Nirvana(SGGS,23). Sri Guru Granth Sahib guides by saying: Let mercy be your
mosque, faith your prayer-mat, and honest living your Koran. Make modesty your
circumcision, and good conduct your fast. In this way, you shall be a true Muslim. Let
good conduct be your Kaabaa, Truth your spiritual guide, and the karma of good deeds
your prayer and chant. Let your rosary be, that which is pleasing to His Will. O Nanak,
God shall preserve your honor.(SGGS,140)

8. Conclusion:
The study is a brief summary of the wisdom and vision contained in Sri Guru
Granth Sahib in connection with the six core values of ethical leadership which guides
the business leaders to manage the affairs and activities of the business in a manner
which is beneficial to the society at large. It is no denying the fact that all life is
interconnected and all the constituents of this universe and the planet earth are
dependent upon each other. The wisdom of Sri Guru Granth Sahib if imbibed can form
the basis of ethical leadership. These values when manifested in thoughts, speech and
actions ennoble and enlighten the people. It provides us a great legacy that we can be
proud of. It provides internal fulfillment and upliftment. It calls for the alignment of
thought, word and deed and motivate us to create a leadership culture of conscience,
care and consciousness. It takes us to spiritual heights without hampering any material
pursuits. It avers that spirituality and materialism can go together because spirit
embraces matter and matter finds its own true reality and the hidden reality in all things
in spirit. So spirituality should have a touch of materialism and materialism should have
a halo of spirituality. To conclude it can be said that in the happiness and well being of
the people lies the well being of the business leaders and in the welfare of the people
lies the welfare of the business leaders.

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