Electricity Structured

1.
A village is 5.00km from the nearest electricity substation. Two conductors are used to connect
the village to the substation. Each metre length of each conductor has a resistance of 0.00120.
a. Calculate
i. the combined resistance of the 2 conductors from the substation to the village
ii. the power loss in the conductors when the current through them is 40.0A
b. The voltage between the 2 conductors is 6000 V and the voltage to each house in the village is 240 V.
i. Name the device that is used to change the 6000 V supply to a 240 V supply
ii Explain why such a high voltage is used for transmitting the electricity
2a. How much electric charge passes through a 12V battery in 1.0s when the current is 1.0A?
2b. How much energy is transferred by a 12V battery in 1.0s when the current is 1.0A?
2c. The figure shows a battery of e.m.f. 12V connected in series with a 0.50 resistor and lamps of
resistance 2.5 and 2.0 ohm.
i. calculate the current in the circuit

ii. calculate the voltage across the 3.0 lamp
iii. calculate the power developed in the 3.0 lamp
3. The figure shows a circuit containing a battery of e.m.f. 3.00V, a resistor of resistance 12.0 and a
switch S.
When switch S is closed, what is the

a. current through the circuit
b. charge passing through the battery in 1.00s
c. energy output in the resistor in 1.00s
4. The diagram shows three 6-V filament lamps connected to a 12-V supply of negligible internal
resistance. The resistance of each lamp is shown on the diagram. The current through the battery is
2.00A.
a. determine the current through each lamp

b. calculate the voltage across each lamp
c. lamp L is taken from its socket. State and explain what happens to the brightness of lamp M and what
happens to the brightness of lamp N.
d. Lamp L is now replaced in its socket and lamp M is taken from its socket. State and explain what
happens to the brightness of lamp L and what happens to the brightness of lamp N.
5. An isolated farmhouse has its own electrical generator which supplies an output voltage of 250V to
each of the following circuits.
Circuit A: a lighting circuit containing 8 lamps each rated at 250V, 150W
Circuit B: a circuit for an electric cooker rated at 250V, 6.0kW
For each circuit,
a. determine the maximum current
b. suggest a suitable fuse rating
6. A battery has an e.m.f. of 4.0V and negligible resistance.

a. What does this tell you about the work done by the battery in driving 1 coulomb of charge around a
closed circuit?
b. When a resistor is connected across the terminals of the battery, a current of 0.20A is passed.
i. what is the time taken for 1.0C of charge to pass a given point in the circuit?
ii. calculate the rate at which heat is produced in the resistor
7. An electric lamp is marked "250V, 100W" and an immersion heater is marked "250V, 2kW"
a. calculate the current in each device when operating normally.
bi. explain why the filament of the lamp is made to have a larger resistance than the heating element of
the immersion heater
bii. suggest a reason why the filament is made of a metal with a much higher melting point than that of
the element
ci. the heat capacity of the filament of the lamp is very small. State one reason why this is an advantage
cii. explain why the wire connecting the immersion heater to the supply remains cool even when the
heater has been in use for some time
8. A battery is charged for 6 hours using a current of 0.50A. Calculate

a. the total charge which flows through the battery
b. the work done in passing this charge through the battery if the average voltage between the battery
terminals during charging is 11.0V
9a. An electric generator is connected by cables to a small factory. Given that the output power of the
generator is 40kW at 5000V and that the total resistance of the cables is 0.5 , calculate
i. the current in the cables
ii. the voltage drop in the cables
iii. the power loss in the cables
What happens to this 'lost' power?
9b. if the same power had been supplied at 250V, the current through the same cables would have been
20 times greater. Calculate the power loss under these circumstances
9c. explain why power is better transmitted at a high voltage rather than a low voltage.
10. A number of 8 resistors are available. In the spaces below, draw diagrams to show how you could
connect a suitable number of these resistors to give an effective resistance of
a. 24
b. 4
c. 18
11. The element of an electrical heater has a power rating of 1150W when used on a 230V supply.
Calculate the cost of operating the heater for 3.0 hours if the cost of 1kWh of energy is 6.0p.
Measurements indicated that 92000J of energy were given out by the heater element in a particular
period of time. What quantity of charge passed through the element during that time?
12. A torch uses 3 cells, each of e.m.f. 1.5V and negligible internal resistance, to light a lamp rated 4.5V,
0.5A. In the space below draw a circuit diagram of the cells and lamp when the torch is switched on.
Calculate
a. the resistance of the filament of the lamp when lit
b. the charge flowing through the filament of the lamp per minute
13. Electrical power may be transmitted through a system using high alternating voltages. State the
advantages gained by using
a. high voltages
b. alternating voltages
14. An electric heater is connected, through a correctly wired 3-pin plug, to a mains supply socket.
Explain briefly
a. the function of the earth wire
b. why the fuse is connected to the live wire rather than the neutral wire
15. The battery in the circuit below has an e.m.f. of 16V and negligible internal resistance
Calculate
a. the combined resistance of the two resistors connected in parallel
b. the current flowing through the 8 ohm resistors
16. A battery of e.m.f. 9.0V and internal resistance 1.5 is connected in series with a resistor and a
current 0.5A passes through the resistor. Calculate
a. the resistance of the resistor in the circuit
b. the total rate at which chemical energy is transformed by the battery
17. the figure shows a battery of e.m.f. 6.0V connected to a switch S and to two resistors in parallel,
each of resistance 3.0 .
The switch S is closed for 5.0 minutes. Calculate

a. the current through each resistor
b. the current through the battery
c. the total charge which passes through the battery
d. the energy supplied by the battery
18. The figure shows the three conductors of a 240V a.c. supply cable, a fuse, a switch and a lamp
T
The cable is rated at 240V, 5A continuous working
The lamp is rated at 240V, 500W.
a. complete the figure to show how the fuse, switch and lamp should be connected to the supply
b. what fuse rating should be used?
19. The figure shows a circuit consisting of a battery of e.m.f. 6.0V and two pairs of 3.0 resistors in
series, these pairs of resistors being connected in parallel.
ai. what is the total resistance of the path KLM

aii. what is the total resistance of the path KNM
aiii. what is the resistance of the circuit between K and M?
b. Calculate
i. the current through the battery
ii. the power developed in the battery
20. An electric iron reaches its steady working temperature 300s after being switched on. The average
current flowing through the heating element during this time is 1.3A.
Calculate the energy drawn from the 240V mains supply whilst the iron is heating up
Explain why this quantity of energy is greater than the heat retained by the iron
21. The diagram shows XY, part of a circuit into which is connected an ammeter of resistance 5.0 ohm.
A current flows through the ammeter. A resistor of resistance 0.010 is now connected across the
ammeter terminals. Calculate the combined resistance of the ammeter and the resistor.
What is the effect of connecting the resistor across the meter on

i. the current through the ammeter
ii. the total current in the circuit?
Explain your answers.
State a practical advantage of using an ammeter and a resistor connected in this way.
Define the coulomb.
The current indicated by the ammeter was 4.2 A and it flowed for 20s. Calculate the total charge passing
through the ammeter.
22a. The voltage across a 3 resistance wire is 6V. How large is the current?
22b. What is the resistance of a filament bulb when a voltage of 3V across it causes a current of 0.5A?
22c. Find the voltage across a manganin wire of resistance 6 carrying a current of 2A.
23. Two resistance wires P and Q of the same material and length but of different thickness are
connected in parallel to a battery. The cross-sectional area of P is twice that of Q. What is the ratio of:
a. the resistance of P to the resistance of Q
b. the current in P to the current of Q
24. Two torch bulbs, both marked '0.2A, 3.0V' are connected (a) in series, (b) in parallel, across a 3.0V
battery. Assume that the resistance of the filament in the bulbs does not change. In each case of (a) and
(b)
i. describe the brightness of the bulbs.
ii. calculate the currents through each bulb
iii. calculate the current supplied by the battery
25. A radio takes 0.1A of current from a 6V battery.

a. what is the overall resistance of the radio?
b. what is the power of the radio?
c. how much energy would be used if the radio is switched on for 30 minutes?
26. if you watched a 120W television for 2 hours and used a 20W table lamp for 4 hours every day for 30
days, how much would you have to pay at the end of 30 days, assuming that electrical energy costs 15
cents per kWh?
27. An immersion heater has a rating of 3.0kW. What would it cost to use it for 5 hours at the rate of 15
cents per kWh?
28a. How much electric charge passes through a 12 V battery in two minutes when the current is 0.5 A?
b. How much energy is transferred by a 12 V battery in two minutes when the current is 0.5A?
c. When a 1.5V, 6 W lamp is connected to a 1.5 V battery, calculate the amount of charge passing
through the bulb in 10 minutes.
di. A consumer buys a 250 V 100 W reading lamp. If the lamp is connected to a 250 V mains supply,
what is the current passing through the lamp?
dii. If fuses of rating 2 A, 5 A and 13 A are available, which fuse should be used for the lamp?

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1.

i. calculate the current in the circuit

When switch S is closed, what is the

a. determine the current through each lamp

6. A battery has an e.m.f. of 4.0V and negligible resistance.

8. A battery is charged for 6 hours using a current of 0.50A. Calculate

The switch S is closed for 5.0 minutes. Calculate

ai. what is the total resistance of the path KLM

What is the effect of connecting the resistor across the meter on

25. A radio takes 0.1A of current from a 6V battery.

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