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    State The Principle of Conservation of Charge in Your Own Words, Maximum of 2 Sentences

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    Vlad Dunghit
    This is a Powerpoint presentation by Prof. Cañeso from the UP Diliman National Institute of Physics during the second semester for AY 2014-2015 for the Physics 72 course. This is for lecture 01.

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    State The Principle of Conservation of Charge in Your Own Words, Maximum of 2 Sentences

    Uploaded by

    Vlad Dunghit
    92 views44 pages
    This is a Powerpoint presentation by Prof. Cañeso from the UP Diliman National Institute of Physics during the second semester for AY 2014-2015 for the Physics 72 course. This is for lecture 01.

    Original Title

    Physics 72 (Cañeso) 2015-B Lecture 01

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    This is a Powerpoint presentation by Prof. Cañeso from the UP Diliman National Institute of Physics during the second semester for AY 2014-2015 for the Physics 72 course. This is for lecture 01.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    92 views44 pages

    State The Principle of Conservation of Charge in Your Own Words, Maximum of 2 Sentences

    Uploaded by

    Vlad Dunghit
    This is a Powerpoint presentation by Prof. Cañeso from the UP Diliman National Institute of Physics during the second semester for AY 2014-2015 for the Physics 72 course. This is for lecture 01.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 44

    Attendance Quiz 21-1, 21-2

    State the principle of conservation of charge in


    your own words, maximum of 2 sentences.

    Attendance Quiz 21-1, 21-2


    Principle of conservation of charge:
    The algebraic sum of all the electric charges in
    any closed system in constant.

    Electric Charge

    Objective
    Discuss the dichotomy, quantization and conservation of electric

    charge
    Given the initial charge distribution, calculate the final charge

    distribution using conservation principles

    Electric Charge
    scalar; no direction
    SI unit of electric charge: Coulomb (C)
    Electrostatics: study of

    the interactions between electric charges


    that are at rest in an observers reference frame.

    Three properties of electric charge:


    1.

    Dichotomy

    2.

    Conservation

    3.

    Quantization

    3 properties of electric charge


    Dichotomy
    Electric charge is either positive or negative
    Like charges repel; opposite charges attract

    3 properties of electric charge


    Conservation
    The algebraic sum of all the electric charges in any closed system

    is constant.
    In charging, charge is neither created nor destroyed; it is only

    transferred from one body to another


    This is a universal conservation law

    3 properties of electric charge


    Quantization
    The magnitude of charge of the electron or proton is a natural

    unit of charge.
    Basic unit of charge

    e = 1.602 x 10-19 C

    Proton: + 1.602 x 10-19 C = +e


    Electron: - 1.602 x 10-19 C = -e

    Every observable amount of electric charge is always an integer

    multiple of this basic unit

    Consider 2 conducting spheres of the same size, with


    initial charges as shown:

    Q1 = +3Q Q2 = -Q

    1.What is the final charge upon reaching equilibrium on


    each sphere when the two are brought into contact?
    2.Are the final charges attractive or repulsive?

    Consider 2 conducting spheres of the same size, with


    initial charges as shown:

    Q1 = +3Q Q2 = -Q

    1.What is the final charge upon reaching equilibrium on


    each sphere when the two are brought into contact?
    Net charge: +2Q so Q1 = +Q = Q2

    2.Are the final charges attractive or repulsive?


    Both have same sign: Repulsive

    Objective
    Discuss the dichotomy, quantization and conservation of electric
    charge
    Given the initial charge distribution, calculate the final charge
    distribution using conservation principles

    Conductors, Insulators
    & Induced Charges

    Objectives
    Predict charge distributions, and the resulting attraction or

    repulsion, in a system of charged insulators and conductors


    Outline the process of charging

    Types of materials in terms of


    electric conduction
    Conductors
    Insulators
    Semiconductors
    Superconductors

    Conductors

    Conductors
    Objects that permit easy movement of electrons through them
    In most metals, mobile charges are always negative electrons: sea

    of electrons
    The earth can act as an infinite source or sink of electrons:

    grounding

    Conductors
    Most metals are good conductors

    Insulators
    Objects that DO NOT permit easy movement of electrons through

    them
    Examples include most nonmetals, ceramic, wood, plastic, rubber,
    air

    The charges within the molecules of an insulator can shift slightly:

    polarization

    Semiconductors
    Objects with properties between conductors and insulators

    Examples include silicon, diodes, transistors

    Superconductors
    Objects with zero resistance against the movement of electrons
    Examples include some compounds at very low temperatures

    Ways of charging a material


    Charging by rubbing
    charge of charger changes; electrons transfer

    Ways of charging a material


    Charging by rubbing

    Ways of charging a material


    Charging by contact
    charge of charger changes; electrons transfer

    Ways of charging a material


    Charging by induction (w/o grounding)
    charge of charger DOES NOT change

    Ways of charging a material


    Charging by induction (w/ grounding)
    charge of charger DOES NOT change
    negative charger induces a positive charge

    (positive charger induces a negative charge)

    Ways of charging a material


    Charging by induction (w/ grounding)

    Ways of charging a material


    Charging by polarization
    charge of charger DOES NOT change
    charged object can still attract a neutral object by polarization

    Electric Charge and the Structure of Matter


    Atomic structure:

    electron, proton,neutron
    Proton and neutron are

    made up of quarks

    Electric Charge and the Structure of Matter


    Standard model

    -current state of classification


    of all elementary particles

    Example 1

    Consider 2 conducting spheres of the same size, with


    initial charges as shown:

    Q1 = Q

    Q2 = 0

    What is the final charge on each sphere when the two are
    brought into contact?
    A.

    Q and Q

    C. Q/2 and Q/2

    B.

    Q and Q

    D.Q/2 and Q/2

    Example 1

    Consider 2 conducting spheres of the same size, with


    initial charges as shown:

    Q1 = Q

    Q2 = 0

    What is the final charge on each sphere when the two are
    brought into contact?
    A.

    Q and Q

    C. Q/2 and Q/2

    B.

    Q and Q

    D.Q/2 and Q/2

    Index card exercise

    Objectives
    Predict charge distributions, and the resulting attraction or
    repulsion, in a system of charged insulators and conductors
    Outline the process of charging

    Summary
    Electric charge: fundamental quantity in electrostatics
    Electric interactions are chiefly responsible for the structure of
    atoms, molecules and solids.
    Conductors are materials that permit electric charge to move
    easily within them
    Insulators permit charge to move much less readily.

    Jan 22 Discussion 1 coverage


    1) Read and answer questions in How to Succeed in Physics by
    Really Trying.
    2) Syllabus signature: statement of acceptance
    I hereby acknowledge that I have read, understood and accepted
    the contents of the Physics 72 2nd semester 2014-15 syllabus.

    Jan 23 Attendance Quiz coverage


    Sec 21-3: Coulombs Law
    Sec 21-4: Electric Field & Electric Forces

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