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Physics Equations Sheet

This document provides an overview of key physics equations related to kinematics, dynamics, forces, energy, momentum, rotation, and oscillations. It includes equations for average and final velocity, displacement, constant acceleration, projectile motion, forces, impulse, momentum, energy, work, torque, rotational motion, rolling objects, oscillations, and travelling waves. The document is a comprehensive reference sheet of many important equations in introductory physics.

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Hannah Auckram
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261 views8 pages

Physics Equations Sheet

This document provides an overview of key physics equations related to kinematics, dynamics, forces, energy, momentum, rotation, and oscillations. It includes equations for average and final velocity, displacement, constant acceleration, projectile motion, forces, impulse, momentum, energy, work, torque, rotational motion, rolling objects, oscillations, and travelling waves. The document is a comprehensive reference sheet of many important equations in introductory physics.

Uploaded by

Hannah Auckram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Equations Sheet

Newtons Laws
2. Kinematics in one dimension
v(average) = r / t
vs = ds / dt (vs = slope of position vs time graph)
Area under a graph is displacement
Final velocity: vfs = vis + ast
Objects final position = si + area under the velocity curve vs
between ti and tf
Area under a straight velocity time graph: Sf = si + vis*t + 1/2as(t)2
Final velocity depending on position: Vfs2 = vis2 + 2as s
as = +/- g sin
as = dvs / dt = slope of the velocity-vs-time graph
4. Kinematics in two dimensions
v
aavg = t
V = vxi + vyj
Vx = dx / dt
Vy = dy / dt
Vx = vcos
Vy = ysin
V = vx2 + vy2

ax = dvx / dt
ay = dvy / dt
Constant acceleration
xf = xi + vit + 1/2at2
vf = vi + at
xf = xi + 1/2(vi + vf)t
vf2 = vi2 + 2a(xf-xi)

The difference of the trajectory without gravity and the actual


trajectory is 1/2gt2.

Relative motion
(vx)CB = (vx)CA + (vx)AB
Uniform circular motion
v=2 r/T
f = i + w t
|w| = 2 rad / T

Non-uniform circular motion and angular acceleration


Angular acceleration = dw / dt
a = w2r

5. Force and motion


F = ma
Fnet = F1 + F2 + Fn
6. Motion along a line
Fx = F1 + F2 + F3 = 0 Fy = F1 + F2 + F3 = 0
Fnetx = Fx = max
Fnety = Fy = may
Fs max = s n
Fs = fpush
s > k

Fk < Fs max
Fk = k n
Fr = r n
r < k
terminal speed:
sqrt(2mg / Cpa)
FD= pACdv2
7. Newtons third law
a = Fnet / m
FA on B = -FB on A
aax = abx = ax
aax = -aBy
Tstring on A= -TA on string
8. Dynamics: motion in a plane
Projectile motion
ax = -pCa / 2m vx(sqrt(vx2 + vy2)
ay =-g -pCa / 2m vy(sqrt(vx2 + vy2)

Uniform circular motion


(Fnet)r = mw2r
(Fnet)t and (Fnet)z = 0

Circular orbits
Vorbit = sqrt(rg)
T = 2pi.r / vorbit
g = GM / R2 - w2R = gearth - w2R

Uniform motion second laws:


(Fnet)r = mw2r
(Fnet)t and (Fnet)z = 0
Non-uniform motion second laws:

(Fnet)r = mw2r = mv2/r


(Fnet)t = mat
(Fnet)z = 0

Conservation Laws
9. Impulse and Momentum
m dvx = Fx(t) dt
p = mv
Px = mvx
Py = mvy
F = ma = dp / dt

Impulse
Jx = Favg . t
Px = Jx
pfx = pix + Jx
The final momentum is pfx = pix + Jx = pix + area under curve
The final velocity is vfx = pfx / m

Conservation of momentum
d(px)1/dt = (Fx)a on b
d(px)2/dt = (Fx)b on a
If we were to add the two equations (Fx) a on b + (-(Fx)) b on a) = 0
Px1 + px2 = constant

Inelastic collisions
(m1 + m2) x vf = m1v1 + m2v2

Momentum in 2 dimensions
Pfx1 + pfx2 + pfx3 = pix1 + pix2 + pix3
Pfy1 + pfy2 + pfy3 = piy1 + piy2 + piy3

10. Energy
EP = mgh
EK = mv2
Free fall
Ekf + Epgf = Eki + Epgi = (mgh = mv2)
Springs
Fsp = ks
Ep = Kx2
Elastic PE is Fnet=ma=m(dv/dt)
Elastic collisions
Velocity of ball 1: ((m1-m2)/(m1 + m2))vinitial1
Velocity of ball 2:((2m1)/(m1 + m2))vinitial1

11. Work
W>0: the environment does work on the system and the systems
energy increases W<0 the system does work on the environment and
the systems energy decreases
Emech = Ek + U
Esystem = Emech + Eth = K + U + Eth
K + U + Eth = Work (W)
2

(mv)
1
p2
2
Ek = mv =
=
2
2m 2m
sf

W = Fs ds
si

W = F(d)cos

Dot product

A.B = ABcos
A.B = AxBx + AyBy

Conservative force potential energy


U = Uf -Ui = -W(i-->f )
Eth = Kmicro + Umicro

Conservation of energy
K + U + Eth = Emech + Eth = Esys = Wext
Isolated and non-dissipative
K+U=K+U
External and dissipative
K + U + Eth = K + U + Wext

Power
P = Esys / t
P = f.v = fvcos

Applications of Newtonian Mechanics


12. Rotation of a Rigid Body
x = m1x1 + m2x2 /(m1 + m2)
y = m1y1 + m2y2 /(m1 + m2)
mr2 is the moment of inertia which depends on the axis of rotation
K = 1/2 i2
Different rotational axis :
Emech = Krot + U = 1/2 i2 + Mgycm
I = m1r12 + m2r22 + mnrn2
I=

( x 2 + y 2 ) dm

(Change dm with equivalent expression to integrate)

Parallel-axis theorem
I = icm + Md2
I=

( x 2 +d 2 ) dm

torque T = rfsin()
T = rF
|T| = dF
The magnitude of gravitational torque is |t|=dmg
Therefore the torque due to gravity is -Mgxcm
Ftangential = mr
= tnet / I

rotation due to ropes and pulleys


vobj = ||r
obj = ||r

The critical angle is the angle at which a balanced object tips


= tan-1(t/2h)

rolling objects
acm = aparticle / 1+c
d = 2piR
d=vt
d=vT
vcm = R

Contact on ground is stationary at that instant when rolling


EK = 1/2 I 2
EK rolling = 1/2 Icm 2 + 1/2mvcm2 = Krot + Kcm
^ similar to rolling EK + linear EK

Oscillations and Waves


14. Oscillations

20. Travelling Waves

21. Superposition

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