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CS50CheatSheetnotes

CS50CheatSheet
Contents
1commandline
2EscapeSequences
3Variables
4FormatStrings
5Operators
5.1Arithmetic/operators
5.2Conditions/RelationalOperators
5.3LogicalOperators
5.4ConditionalOperator
5.5Incrementanddecrementoperators
6BreakandContinue
7Switch
8String
9PreprocessorDirectives
10MathFunctions
11sort
11.1BubbleSort
12CompoundAssignment
13TypeCasting
14CsBuiltInCharacterandStringFunctions
14.1CharacterTestingFunctions
14.2CaseChangingFunctions
14.3StringFunctions
15whileandforloops
16sizeof()
17strlen()
18Sourcecontrol(RCS)
19PassingbyPointer(Swap)

commandline
cd
cp
ls
mkdir
pwd
rm
cat
ci
co
echo
gcc
gdb
less
make
man
more
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EscapeSequences
\n//newline
\r//return
\t//HorizontalTab
\"//Doublequote
\\//backslash
\a//Alarm(thecomputers"bell)
//
morehttp://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~liberti/public/computing/prog/c/C/FUNCTIONS/escape.html

Variables
char//Character,1byte
double//bigdecimalnumber
float//decimalnumber
int//Integer
longint
longlong?
long,short,signed,unsigned//typesofint
variables
//CS50Variables
bool
string

FormatStrings
%c//char
%d//int
%e//doubleinstandardform
%E//doublewithexponent
%f//doubleinfixedpoint/Floatingpoint?
%.#f//limitoutputto#decimalplaces
%s//char*/string
%u//unsignedint
%x//unsignedintasahexadecimalnumber
%%//literalpercentsign

Operators
Arithmetic/operators
+//add
//subtract
*//multiply
///divide
%//modulo,remainder,15%7==1
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Conditions/Relational
Operators
==//equal
<//lessthan
>//greaterthan
>=//greaterthanorequalto
<=//lessthanorequalto
!=//notequalto

LogicalOperators
&&//and
||//or
!//not

ConditionalOperator
?:
relation?trueStatement:falseStatement

Incrementanddecrement
operators
++count/count++//prefix/postfixincrement
count/count//prefix/postfixdecrement
//prefixcomputesbeforeanythingelseon
theline.
//postfixcomputesaftereverythingelseon
thelinefinishes

BreakandContinue
//workswith:while,dowhile,orfor
continue//gobackandstartthisloopagian
break//terminatethecurrentloop

Switch
switch(choice)
{
case(1):statement
case(2):statement
case(3):statement
default:statement
}
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String
charmonth[10]/*Definesacharacter
array*/
charmonth[10]="January"/*Definesa
characterarray*/
charmonth[]="January"
#include<string.h>
strcpy(month,"April")/*Putsnewstring
inmontharray*/

PreprocessorDirectives
#include<filename>//Use<and>when
includingcompilersuppliedheaderfiles.
#include"filename"//Use"and"when
includingyourownheaderfilesthatyouve
storedinyoursourcecodesdirectory.
#defineCONSTANTconstantDefinition

MathFunctions
floor()//pushdownnonintegerstotheir
nextlowerintegervalues.returnsafloat.
ceil()//pushupnonintegerstotheirnext
higherintegervalue.returnsafloat.
fabs()//floatingpointabsolutevalue
pow()//raisesavaluetoapower
sqrt()//returnsthesquarerootofavalue
cos(x)
sin(x)
tan(x)
//Ifyouwanttosupplyanargumentin
degreesinsteadofinradians,youcan
convertfromdegreestoradianswiththis
formula:radians=degrees*(3.14159/
180.0)
exp(x)
log(x)
log10(x)
rand()//returnsarandomnumberfrom0to
32767
srand()//seedrandomnumber.i.e.
srand(time(&t))
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#include<time.h>

sort
QuickSort,theHeapsort,andtheShell
Metznersort

BubbleSort
//CS50StandardInput
charGetChar()
doubleGetDouble()
floatGetFloat()
intGetInt()
longlongGetLongLong()
stringGetString()
//Abasic"HelloWorld"Cprogram
#include<studio.h>
int
main(intargc,char*argv[])
{
printf("Helloworld!\n"
}

CompoundAssignment
*=//EqualtoX=X.i.e.X*=2isthesame
asX=X*2
/=
%=
+=
=
//lowinorderofoperations.i.e.after
additionandsubtraction

TypeCasting
(dataType)valuei.efloat(age)//changesthe
variable'age'toafloat
salaryBonus=salary*(float)age/150.0//
hastobeconvertedtoanothervalueto
properlycomputearesult
value=(float)(number10*yrsService)

CsBuiltInCharacterand
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StringFunctions
CharacterTestingFunctions
CTYPE.H
isdigit()
isalpha()
isupper()
islower()

CaseChangingFunctions
toupper()
tolower()

StringFunctions
strcat(x,y)
puts()
gets()
((x<y)&&(y<z))//xislessthanyandy
islessthanz
//if,elseif,else
if(x<y)
{
printf("xislessthany\n")
}
elseif(x>y)
{
printf("xisgreaterthany\n")
{
else
{
printf("xisequaltoy\n")
}

whileandforloops
while(1)//forever
{
printf("Hi")
}
for(int1=0i<10i++)
{
printf(hi\n")
}
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intcounter=0
{
printf("%d\n",counter)
counter++
}
//switch
switch(expression
{
casei:
//dothis
break
casej:
//dothis
break
default:
//dothis
}
for(i=0condition,i++)
{
//dothisagainandagain
}
//useifactionneedstohappenatleast
once,evenifthecontitionisnotmet.
do
{
//dothisagainandagian
}
while(condition)
//Array
char*inventory[SIZE]//doesSIZEneed
tobeanumber?
inventory[i]="Orange"//addOrangeto
theinventoryarray.doesineedtobea
number?
inti[25]/*Definesthearray*/
charname[6]="Italy"/*Leaveroomfor
thenull!*/
intvals[5]={10,40,70,90,120}//
definesanintegerarrayandinitializesit
withfivevalues
charitalCity[7]="Verona"/*Automatic
nullzero*/
//howtowriteaprograminC
Opt1
nanohi.c//write
gccohihi.clcs50//compile,name
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outputfile,andlinkcs50library
hi//run.a.outisthedefaultfilename
gcccreatesifyoudon'tuseowhen
yourungcc
Opt2
nanohi.c
makehi
hi

sizeof()
//findthenumberofmemorylocationsit
takestostorevaluesofanydatatype

strlen()
//getthelengthofastring

Sourcecontrol(RCS)
ci<filename>//addfiletoversioncontrol.

describefilethefirsttime.logentryafter
that.
cor1.1<filename>//checkoutrevition
1.1offile.cicurrentfiletokeepacopy.
rlog<filename>//viewlogofchanges
ci*.c*.h//checkinallsourcefilesina
directory
rcsdiff<file>//comparesthelatest

revisiononthedefaultbranchtothe
workingfile
rcsdiffr<rev1>r<rev2><file>//
comparesrev1torev2

PassingbyPointer(Swap)
*x//Gotothelocationinmemoryofx
&x//Givemetheaddressinmemoryofx
//functionprototype
voidswap(int*,int*);//declarethe

swapfunctionusingmemoryaddresses
intmain(intargc,char*argv[])
{
intx=1;inty=2;
printf("xis%d\n",x);
printf("yis%d\n",y);
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printf("Swapping...\n");
swap(&x,&y);//gettheaddressinmemory

ofxandytopasstotheswapfunction
printf("Swapped!\n");
printf("xis%d\n",x);
printf("yis%d\n",y);
}

/*
*void
*swap(int*a,int*b)
*
*Swapargumentsvalues.Us*foraandb
sotheresultsofswapgetsentbacktoxand
y.
*/
void
swap(int*a,int*b)
{
inttmp;
tmp=*a;
*a=*b;
*b=tmp;
}

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