Antidote Indication Mode of Action

Antidote
Indication
acetylcysteine
Acetaminophen/ Tylenol/
(Mucomyst)
Paracetamol
Activated charcoal
Mode of Action
Restores depleted glutathione
stores and protects against
renal and hepatic failure.
Non-specific poisons
Absorption of drug in the
except cyanide, iron,
gastric and intestinal tracts.
lithium, caustics and
Interrupts the entero-hepatic
alcohol.
cycle with multiple dose.
albuterol inhaler, insulin

& glucose, NaHCO3,
Potassium
kayexalate
anticholinesterase
Neuromuscular blockade
agents
(paralytics)
atropine sulfate or
pralidoxime
Anticholinesterase
Competitive inhibition of
muscarinic receptors.
Not known; partial protection
against acute hepatic failure;
Benzylpenicillin
Amanita phalloides
(Death cap mushroom)
may displace amatoxin from

protein-binding sites allowing
increased renal excretion;
may also inhibit penetration of
amatoxin to hepatocytes.
Calcium salts
Fluoride ingestion
Rapidly complexes with

fluoride ion.
Deferoxamine acts by binding
deferoxamine
Iron
free iron in the bloodstream

and enhancing its elimination
in the urine.
Binds molecules of digoxin,
digibind
digoxine immune fab
Digoxin
making them unavailable for

binding at their site of action
on cells in the body.
dimercapol, edetate
Lead
Chelation of lead ions and
endogenous metals (e.g., zinc,
calcium, disodium,
manganese, iron, copper).
diphenhydramine
Extrapyramidal
(Benadryl)
symptoms (EPS)
A potent antagonist to
acetylcholine in muscarinic
receptors.
Reverses the effects of
benzodiazepines by
flumazenil
Benzodiazepines
competitive inhibition at the

benzodiazepine binding site on
the GABAA receptor.
A competitive inhibitor of the
enzyme alcohol
fomepizole
Ethylene glycol
dehydrogenase found in the

liver. This enzyme plays a key
role in the metabolism of
ethylene glycol and methanol.
Stimulates the formation of
adenyl cyclase causing
glucagon
Beta blockers and
intracellular increase in cycling
calcium channel blockers
AMP and enhanced

glycogenolysis and elevated
serum glucose concentration.
Dextrose (the monosaccharide
glucose) is used, distributed
Glucose (Dextrose 50%)
Insulin reaction
and stored by body tissues

and is metabolized to carbon
dioxide and water with the
release of energy.
Heparin
Ergotamine
Reverses hypercoagulable
state by interacting with
antithrombin III. Used in
combination with vasodilator
phentolamine or nitroprusside
to prevent local thrombosis
and ischemia.
Forms cyanocobalamin, a nonHydroxocobalamin
Cyanide
toxic metabolite that is easily

excreted through the kidneys.
Fluorouracil
Protects the healthy cells from
leucovorin calcium
Methotrexate
the effects of methotrexate

while allowing methotrexate to
enter and kill cancer cells.
Magnesium sulfate
calcium gluconate
A chemoprotectant drug that
mesna
Cyclophosphamide
reduces the undesired effects

of certain chemotherapy
drugs.
Chemical producing
severe
Methylene blue
methemoglobinemia.
Ifosamide-induced
Reduces methemoglobin to
hemoglobin.
encephalopathy.
Prevents or reverses the
nalmefene or naloxone
Opioid analgesics
effects of opioids including

respiratory depression,
sedation and hypotension.
Naloxone is believed to
antagonize opioid effects by
naloxone (Narcan)
Narcotics
competing for the , and

opiate receptor sites in the
CNS, with the greatest affinity
for the receptor.
Anticholinesterase which
Neostigmine
Anticholinergics
causes accumulation of
acetylcholine at cholinergic
receptor sites.
Oxidizes hemoglobin to
methemoglobin which binds
Nitrite, sodium and
glycerytrinitrate
Cyanide
the free cyanide and can

enhance endothelial cyanide
detoxification by producing
vasodilation.
Penicillamine
Copper, gold, lead,

mercury, zinc, arsenic
Chelation of metal ions.

Regitine produces an alphaadrenergic block of relatively
short duration. It also has
phentolamine (Regitine)
Dopamine
direct, but less marked,

positive inotropic and
chronotropic effects on cardiac
muscle and vasodilator effects
on vascular smooth muscle.
A reversible anticholinesterase
which effectively increases the
phyostigmine or NaHCO3
Tricyclic antidepressants
concentration of acetylcholine
at the sites of cholinergic
transmission.
Phytomenadione
(Vitamin K.)
Coumadin/Warfarin
Bypasses inhibition of Vitamin

K epoxide reductase enzyme.
Protamine that is strongly
basic combines with acidic
protamine sulfate
Heparin
heparin forming a stable

complex and neutralizes the
anticoagulant activity of both
drugs.
Pyridoxine
Isoniazid, theophylline,
Reverses acute pyridoxine
monomethyl hydrazine.
deficiency by promoting GABA
Adjunctive therapy in
synthesis. Promotes the
ethylene glycol
conversion of toxic metabolite
poisoning.
glycolic acid to glycine.
Neutralizes venom by binding

with circulating venom
Snake anti-venin
Cobra bite
components and with locally

deposited venom by
accumulating at the bite site.
Iron
Sodium Bicarbonate
Prevents convertion of ferrous

to ferric.
Cardiotoxic drug
Decreases affinity of
affecting fast sodium
cardiotoxic drugs to the fast
channel (TCA, cocaine)
sodium channel.
Weak acids
Promotes ionization of weak

acids.
Neutralization of hydrochloric
Chlorine gas inhalational
acid formed when chlorine gas
poisoning
reacts with water in the

airways.
Replenishes depleted
thiosulphate stores by acting
as sulfur donor necessary for
Sodium thiosulphate
Cyanide
the conversion of CN-O to

thiocyanate through the action
of sulfur transferase enzyme
rhodanese.
Thiamine
Alcohol, Wernicke-
Reverses acute thiamine
Korsakoff Syndrome
deficiency
Adjunctive in ethylene
Enhances detoxification of
glycol
glyoxylic acid.
Chemicals causing
Vitamin C
methemoglobinemia in
Reduces methemoglobin to
patients with G6PD
hemoglobin.
deficiency

Antidote Indication Mode of Action

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Antidote Indication Mode of Action

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Antidote Indication Mode of Action

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Antidote

Absorption of drug in the

except cyanide, iron,

gastric and intestinal tracts.

lithium, caustics and

Interrupts the entero-hepatic

cycle with multiple dose.

albuterol inhaler, insulin

may displace amatoxin from

Rapidly complexes with

free iron in the bloodstream

making them unavailable for

Chelation of lead ions and

endogenous metals (e.g., zinc,

manganese, iron, copper).

competitive inhibition at the

dehydrogenase found in the

Beta blockers and

intracellular increase in cycling

calcium channel blockers

AMP and enhanced

Glucose (Dextrose 50%)

and stored by body tissues

toxic metabolite that is easily

the effects of methotrexate

reduces the undesired effects

effects of opioids including

competing for the , and

the free cyanide and can

Copper, gold, lead,

Chelation of metal ions.

direct, but less marked,

Bypasses inhibition of Vitamin

heparin forming a stable

Reverses acute pyridoxine

deficiency by promoting GABA

synthesis. Promotes the

conversion of toxic metabolite

glycolic acid to glycine.

Neutralizes venom by binding

components and with locally

Prevents convertion of ferrous

affecting fast sodium

cardiotoxic drugs to the fast

channel (TCA, cocaine)

Promotes ionization of weak

Chlorine gas inhalational

acid formed when chlorine gas

reacts with water in the

the conversion of CN-O to

Reverses acute thiamine

patients with G6PD

You might also like