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Lecture Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems

This document provides an overview of time domain analysis of control systems. It discusses standard test signals used for analysis, including impulse, step, ramp, and parabolic signals. The relationships between these signals and their Laplace transforms are described. The time response of a system is explained as having two components: the transient response as the system settles from its initial state, and the steady-state response after the transient dies out. Standard test signals like steps are useful for analyzing the transient response, while different inputs can be used to examine the steady-state response.

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241 views

Lecture Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems

This document provides an overview of time domain analysis of control systems. It discusses standard test signals used for analysis, including impulse, step, ramp, and parabolic signals. The relationships between these signals and their Laplace transforms are described. The time response of a system is explained as having two components: the transient response as the system settles from its initial state, and the steady-state response after the transient dies out. Standard test signals like steps are useful for analyzing the transient response, while different inputs can be used to examine the steady-state response.

Uploaded by

FahadKh
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Systems (CS)

Lecture
Time Domain Analysis of Control systems

Engr. Mehr Gul Bozdar

Introduction
In time-domain analysis the response of a dynamic system to
an input is expressed as a function of time.
It is possible to compute the time response of a system if the
nature of input and the mathematical model of the system are
known.
Usually, the input signals to control systems are not known
fully ahead of time.
For example, in a radar tracking system, the position and the
speed of the target to be tracked may vary in a random fashion.
It is therefore difficult to express the actual input signals
mathematically by simple equations.

Standard Test Signals


The characteristics of actual input signals are a
sudden shock, a sudden change, a constant
velocity, and constant acceleration.
The dynamic behavior of a system is therefore
judged and compared under application of
standard test signals an impulse, a step, a
constant velocity, and constant acceleration.

Another standard signal of great importance is a


sinusoidal signal.

Standard Test Signals


Impulse signal
The impulse signal imitate the
sudden shock characteristic of
actual input signal.
A
(t )
0

t0

(t)

t0
0

If A=1, the impulse signal is


called unit impulse signal.

Standard Test Signals


Impulse signal

Source: English Wikipedia. Iain. Original image: [1]

Standard Test Signals


Step signal
The step signal imitate
the
sudden
change
characteristic of actual
input signal.
A
u( t )
0

t0
t0

If A=1, the step signal is


called unit step signal

u(t)
A

Standard Test Signals


Ramp signal

r(t)

The ramp signal imitate


the constant velocity
characteristic of actual
input signal.

At
r (t )
0

t0
t0

If A=1, the ramp signal


is called unit ramp
signal

r(t)

ramp signal with slope A

r(t)

unit ramp signal

Standard Test Signals


p(t)

Parabolic signal
The
parabolic
signal
imitate
the
constant
acceleration characteristic
of actual input signal.

At 2

p(t ) 2
0

0
p(t)

t0
t0

parabolic signal with slope A

If A=1, the parabolic


signal is called unit
parabolic signal.

p(t)

Unit parabolic signal

Relation between standard Test Signals


A
(t )
0

Impulse

Step

Ramp
Parabolic

A
u( t )
0

At
r (t )
0
At 2

p(t ) 2
0

t 0
t0

d
dt

t0
t0

d
dt

t0
t0
t0
t0

d
dt

Laplace Transform of Test Signals


Impulse

A
(t )
0

t0
t0

L{ (t )} ( s ) A

Step

A
u( t )
0

t0
t0

A
L{u(t )} U ( s )
S

Laplace Transform of Test Signals


Ramp

At
r (t )
0

t0
t0

L{ r(t )} R( s )

Parabolic

At 2

p(t ) 2
0

A
s2
t0

t0

L{ p(t )} P( s )

2A
S3

Time Response of Control Systems


Time response of a dynamic system response to an input
expressed as a function of time.

System

The time response of any system has two components

Transient response
Steady-state response.

Time Response of Control Systems


When the response of the system is changed from rest or
equilibrium it takes some time to settle down.

Transient response is the response of a system from rest or


equilibrium to steady state.
-3

Step Response

x 10

Step Input

Steady State Response

4
Amplitude

The response of the


system after the transient
response is called steady
state response.

Response
3

Transient Response

10
Time (sec)

12

14

16

18

20

Time Response of Control Systems


Transient response is dependent upon the system poles only and
not on the type of input.
It is therefore sufficient to analyze the transient response using a
step input.
The steady-state response depends on system dynamics and the
input quantity.

It is then examined using different test signals by final value


theorem.

END...........

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