Solution File Mgt-402 S-02

FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
MGT402- Cost & Management Accounting (Session - 2)
Developed by Group of
(Muhammad Qasim, Hammad Anjum Butt,Muhammad Zahid and Nasir Ahmad)
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Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following indicate the problems in traditional budget EXCEPT:
► Programmes and activities involving wasteful expenditure are identified,
resulting in unavoidable financial and other costs
► Inefficiencies of a prior year are carried forward in determining subsequent years’
levels of performance
► Managers are not encouraged to identify and evaluate alternate means of
accomplishing the same objective
► Decision-making is irrational in the absence of rigorous analysis of all proposed
costs and benefits

A forecast set of final accounts is also known as:
► Cash budget
► Capital budget
► Master budget
► Sales budget

Brutus Company manufactures glass bottles. The company expects to sell 500,000 bottles
next year. The budgeted ending inventory this year is 15,000 bottles and the desired
ending inventory for next year is 12,000 bottles. It takes 5 pounds of sand to produce one
bottle. The ending inventory of sand this year is expected to be 200,000 pounds, and the
desired ending inventory next year is 100,000 pounds. The amount of direct material
purchases is expected to be:
► 2,385,000 pounds
► 2,465,000 pounds
► 2,585,000 pounds
► 2,600,000 pounds
Proposal Budget=E.Sales+Desire units-actual units*per unit cost
=500000+12000-15000=497000*5=2485000
=2485000+100000-200000=2385000

BDH produced 30,500 units of Kisty (a product). Each unit of Kisty takes two units of
component L. Component L is budgeted to cost Rs. 12 per unit. Current inventory of L is
4,000 units. BDH wants 6,000 units of L on hand at the end of the next year. How much
will the direct materials budget show as the cost of materials to be purchased?
► Rs. 756,000
► Rs. 390,000
► Rs. 684,000
► Rs. 330,000
Proposal Budget=E.Sales+Desire units-actual units*per unit cost
=30500+6000-4000=32500*12=390000
Railway Product Ltd makes one product that sells for Rs. 72 per unit. Fixed costs are Rs.
81,000 per month & the product has a contribution to sales ratio of 37.5%. In a period
when actual sales were Rs. 684,000 the company's unit margin of safety was:
► 4,000 units
► 4,800 units
► 5,500 units
► 6,500 units
Safety Margin in units=Sales in units-Break even in units
Sales in units=684000/72=9500
Fixed exp in units= 81000/72=1125
Break even in units = Fixed Exp. In units/Contribution ratio
= 1125/0.375=3000
Safety Margin =9500-3000=6500
A company decreased the selling price for its product from Rs. 2.00 to Rs. 1.75 per unit
when total fixed costs decreased from Rs. 500,000 to Rs. 400,000 and variable cost per
unit of Rs. 1 remained unchanged. How would these changes affect the break-even
point?
► The break-even point in units would be increased
► The break-even point in units would be decreased
► The break-even point in units would remain unchanged
► The effect cannot be determined from the information given

The total cost of the beginning inventory was Rs. 60,000. During the month, 50,000 units
were transferred out. The equivalent unit cost was computed to be Rs. 4.00 for materials
and Rs. 7.40 for conversion costs under the weighted-average method.
With the help of given information, what was the total cost of the units completed and
transferred out during the month.
► Rs. 480,000
► Rs. 570,000
► Rs. 540,000
► Rs. 510,000
=50000*4=200000
=50000*7.4=370000
370000+200000=570000

The average cost method of process costing has an advantage when compared to the
FIFO method relative to simplicity because under the average method:
► It provides that units started within the current period are valued at the current
period cost
► The costs in the beginning inventory in a processing department maintain their
separate identity
► The identity of the beginning units in process is typically maintained when they
are transferred to the next department
► All units completed during the period will be assigned the same unit cost

Assuming no returns outwards or carriage inwards, the cost of goods sold will be equal
to:
► Opening stock Less purchases plus closing stock
► Closing stock plus purchases plus opening stock
► Sales less gross profit
► Purchases plus closing stock plus opening stock plus direct labor

“Taking steps for the fresh purchase of those stocks which have been exhausted and for
which requisitions are to be honored in future” is an easy explanation of:
► Over stocking
► Under stocking
► Replenishment of stock
► Acquisition of stock

Which of the following would be the effect, if inventory is not properly measured?
► Expenses and revenues cannot be properly matched
► Unfair position in Financial Statements
► Inventory items show under or over stocking
► All of the given options

While calculating the EOQ, carrying cost is taken as the:
► %age of unit cost
► %age of ordering cost
► %age of annual required units
► Total unit cost

Payroll includes:
► Salaries & Wages of direct labor
► Salaries & Wages of Indirect labor
► Salaries & Wages of Administrative
► Salaries & Wages of direct labor, Indirect labor, and Administrative

Increased cost of production due to high labor turnover is a result of which of the
following factor?
► Interruption of production
► Coordination between new and old employee to produce more
► Increased production due to newly motivated employees
► Decrease losses as new employees will be more concerned towards output

The Process of cost apportionment is carried out so that:
► Cost may be controlled

► Cost unit gather overheads as they pass through cost centers
► Whole items of cost can be charged to cost centers
► Common costs are shared among cost centers

When a manufacturing Company has highly automated manufacturing plant producing
many different products, the most appropriate basis for applying FOH cost to work in
process is:
► Direct labor hours
► Direct labor costs
► Machine hours
► Cost of material used

Which of the following industries would most likely use a Process cost Accounting
system?
► Construction
► Beer
► Hospitality
► Consulting

Which of the following loss is not included as part of the cost of transferred or finished
goods, but rather treated as a period cost?
► Operating loss
► Abnormal loss
► Normal loss
► Non-operating loss

A company produces two chemicals in a joint process. Chemical A can be sold at split off
while chemical B currently cost Rs. 2 per gallon for disposal. If chemical B is further
processed, it would cost Rs. 5 per gallon. At what sales price would the company be in
different between disposing of chemical B at split off and further processing the
chemical?
► Rs.3
► Rs.5
► Rs.4
► Rs.7

Variable costing is also known as:
► Direct Costing
► Marginal Costing
► Both Direct Costing & Marginal Costing
► Indirect Costing

The following data related to production of ABC Company:
Units produced 8,000 units

Direct materials Rs.6
Direct labor Rs.12
Fixed overhead Rs.24000
Variable overhead Rs.6
Fixed selling and administrative Rs.2000
Variable selling and administrative Rs.2
Using the data given above, what will be the unit product cost under marginal costing?
► Rs. 22
► Rs. 24
► Rs. 28
► Rs. 30
=16+12+6=24
Selling and admin exp are not added in marginal costing

Net income reported under direct costing will exceed net income reported under
absorption costing for a given period if:
► The fixed overhead exceeds the variable overhead
► Production equals sales for that period
► Production exceeds sales for that period
► Sales exceed production for that period
Ref: www.principlesofaccounting.com

Profit under absorption costing will be higher than under marginal costing if:
► Produced units > Units sold
► Produced units < Units sold
► Produced units =Units sold
► Profit cannot be determined with given statement

A firm sells bags for Rs. 14 each. The variable cost for each unit is Rs. 8. What is the
contribution margin per unit?
► Rs. 6
► Rs. 12
► Rs. 14
► Rs. 8

The break-even point in units is calculated using which of the following factors?
► Fixed expenses and the contribution margin ratio
► Variable expenses and the contribution margin ratio
► Fixed expenses and the unit contribution margin
► Variable expenses and the unit contribution margin

The point at which the cost line intersects the sales line will be called:
► Budgeted sales
► Break Even sales
► Margin of safety
► Contribution margin

If one would prepare a graph with a horizontal axis representing units of production and a
vertical axis representing per-unit production cost, how would a line representing fixed
production cost is drawn?
► As a horizontal line
► As a vertical line
► As a straight line sloping upward to the right
► As a straight line sloping downward to the right
Budget for an organization is prepared by which of the following person?
► Functional head
► Manager
► Auditor
► Administrator

Amount of Depreciation on fixed assets will be fixed in nature if calculated under which
of the following method?
► Straight line method
► Reducing balance method
► Some of year's digits method
► Double declining method

Which of the following factor/s should be considered while constructing an
administrative selling expense budget?
► Fixed expenses
► Past experience
► Variable expenses
► All of the given options

All are examples of cash disbursements EXCEPT:
► Payment for materials purchased
► Payment received as collection of accounts receivable
► Payment of dividends
► Payment of taxes

A budget that requires management to justify all expenditures, rather than just changes
from the previous year is referred to as:
► Self-imposed budget
► Participative budget
► Perpetual budget
► Zero-based budget

Which of the following sentences is the best description of zero-base budgeting?
► Zero-base budgeting is a technique applied in government budgeting in order
to have a neutral effect on policy issues
► Zero-base budgeting requires a completely clean sheet of paper every year, on
which each part of the organization must justify the budget it requires
► Zero-base budgeting starts with the figures of the previous period and assumes a
zero rate of change
► Zero based budgeting is an alternative name of flexible budget

Which of the following is the first step in the decision-making process?
► Clarify the decision problem
► Collect the data
► Select an alternative
► Develop a decision model
Which the following would be considered a Relevant Cost?
► The book value of the old equipment
► Depreciation expense on the old equipment
► The current disposal price of the old equipment
► Historical cost of an equipment

The Auslander Company has 1,600 obsolete calculators that are carried in inventory at a
total cost of Rs. 106,800. If these calculators are upgraded at a total cost of Rs. 40,000,
they can be sold for a total of Rs. 120,000. As an alternative, the calculators can be sold
in their present condition for Rs. 44,800. What will be the sunk cost in this situation?
► Rs. 0
► Rs. 40,000
► Rs. 44,800
► Rs. 106,800

Costs that have been incurred include which of the following?
► Only opportunity costs
► Costs that have already been paid
► Costs that have been committed
► Both costs that have already been paid and committed

For a retail outlet chain with multiple stores, which of the following statements would be
correct?
► Stores which have a net loss should be discontinued
► Stores with a negative contribution margin should be discontinued
► Stores with a negative contribution margin should be discontinued provided such
discontinuation will not cause an increase in sales at other stores
► Stores with a negative contribution margin should not be discontinued if such
discontinuation will cause profitable stores to bear a portion of the unprofitable store's
overhead
In the process costing when material is issued for production to department no 1.what
would be the journal entry Passed?
► W.I.P (Dept-I)
To Material a/c
► W.I.P (Dept-ii)
To Material a/c
► Material a/c
To W.I.P (Dept-ii)
► W.I.P (Dept-ii)
To FOH applied.
FIFO is the abbreviation of:
► Final Interest-Free Option
► First in First out Method
► None of the given options
► Fixed income Financial Operations
Question No: 41 ( Marks: 5 )

Bouch Company has the following data of year 02 given below
Year 02
Sales Rs. 120/unit
Direct Materials Rs. 8/unit
Direct labor Rs. 10/unit
Variable overhead Rs. 7/unit
Selling & Admin expenses Rs. 2/unit
Fixed overhead Rs. 7,500
Normal volume of production 250 units per year
Information regarding units as follows
Item 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year
units units units units

Opening stock 200 300 300
Production 300 250 200 200
Sales 100 150 200 300
Required: Prepare income statement of year 2 under absorption costing.

A Company manufacturers two products A and B. Forecasts for first 7 months is as
under:
Month Sales in Units

A B
January 1,000 2,800
February 1,200 2,800
March 1,610 2,400
April 2,000 2,000
May 2,400 1,600
June 2,400 1,600
July 2,000 1,800
No work in process inventory has been estimated in any moth however finished goods
inventory shall be on hand equal to half the sales to the next month, in each month. This
is constant practice.
Budgeted production and production costs for the year 1999 will be as follows:
Production units 22,500 24,000

Direct Materials (per unit) 12.5 19
Direct Labor (per unit) 4.5 7
F.O.H. (apportioned) Rs. 66,000 Rs 96,000
Prepare for the six months period ending June 1999, a production budget for ‘’Product
A”

The managing director of Parser Limited, a small business, is considering undertaking a
one-off contract. She has asked her inexperienced accountant to advise on what costs are
likely to be incurred so that she can price at a profit. The following schedule has been
prepared:
Costs for special order Notes Rs.

Direct wages 1 28,500
Supervisor costs 2 11,500
General overheads 3 4,000
Machine depreciation 4 2,300
Machine overheads 5 18,000
Materials 6 34,000
Total 98,300
Notes
v Direct wages comprise the wages of two employees, particularly skilled in the labor
process for this job. They could be transferred from another department to undertake
the work on the special order. They are fully occupied in their usual department and
sub-contracting staff would have to be brought in to undertake the work left behind.
v Sub-contracting costs would be Rs. 32,000 for the period of the work. Other sub-
contractors who are skilled in the special order techniques are also available to work
on the special order. The costs associated with this would amount to Rs. 31,300.
v A supervisor would have to work on the special order. The cost of Rs. 11,500 is made
up of Rs. 8,000 normal payments plus a Rs. 3,500 additional bonus for working on
the special order. Normal payments refer to the fixed salary of the supervisor. In
addition, the supervisor would lose incentive payments in his normal work amounting
to Rs. 2,500. It is not anticipated that any replacement costs relating to the
supervisors' work on other jobs would arise.
v General overheads comprise an apportionment of Rs. 3,000 plus an estimate of Rs.
1,000 incremental overheads.
Required
Produce a revised costing schedule for the special project based on relevant costing
principles. Fully explain and justify each of the costs included in the costing schedule.
Due to the declining popularity of digital watches, Swiss Company’s digital watch line
has not reported a profit for several years. An income statement for last year follows:
Segment Income Statement—Digital Watches
Rs. Rs.
Sales..................................................................... 500,000
Less variable expenses:
Variable manufacturing costs........................... 120,000
Variable shipping costs.................................... 5,000
Commissions.................................................... 75,000 200,000
Contribution margin............................................ 300,000
Less fixed expenses:
General factory overhead(1)............................ 60,000
Salary of product line manager........................ 90,000
Depreciation of equipment (2)......................... 50,000
Product line advertising................................... 100,000
Rent—factory space (3)................................... 70,000
General administrative expense (1).................. 30,000 400,000
Net operating loss................................................ (100,000)
1) Allocated common costs that would be redistributed to other product lines if

digital watches were dropped
2) This equipment has no resale value and does not wear out through use
3) The digital watches are manufactured in their own facility
Should the company retain or drop the digital watch line?

Production Rates Per unit Rate
component
Direct material 2.5 lbs @ Rs. 4.00 Rs. 10.00
Direct Labor .5 hr @ Rs. 16.00 Rs. 8.00
VOH .5 hr @ Rs. 4.00 Rs. 2.00
Fixed FOH Rs. 40,000 Rs. 2.50
Actual Output 16,000 units
Variable S&A Rs. 6.00 per unit
Fixed S&A Rs. 60,000
Selling price Rs. 40
Assume sales of 12,000 units.

Required: What is the profit under marginal and absorption costing method?

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FINALTERM EXAMINATION

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Cost may be controlled

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Units produced 8,000 units

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

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Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

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Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 41 ( Marks: 5 )

Normal volume of production 250 units per year

Information regarding units as follows

Item 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year

units units units units

Required: Prepare income statement of year 2 under absorption costing.

Question No: 42 ( Marks: 5 )

Month Sales in Units

Production units 22,500 24,000

Question No: 43 ( Marks: 10 )

Costs for special order Notes Rs.

Segment Income Statement—Digital Watches

1) Allocated common costs that would be redistributed to other product lines if

Should the company retain or drop the digital watch line?

Question No: 45 ( Marks: 10 )

Assume sales of 12,000 units.

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