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Introduction to
computer

1.

2.

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

3.

4.

Introduction to computers
i.

Evolution of the computer

ii.

Types of computers

Computer parts & components

i.

Overview of the computer system

ii.

System unit

iii.

Peripherals

iv.

Input devices

v.

Output devices

vi.

Storage devices

Basic Maintenance
i.

Handling input and output devices

ii.

Computer settings

Technology development
i.

Current development of hardware technology

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1. Evolution of the Computer

i.

Computer history

2. Types of Computer
Computer parts &
components
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Technology
development

i.

Super computer

ii.

Mainframe

iii. Mini computer

iv. Micro computer
v.

Work station

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Morse
Code

Cordless
phone

Pigeon

Internet

Basic Maintence
Technology
development

Mobile
Phone
PDA
Network

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development

Year

Invention

200 BC

Chinese Abacus (First counting machine)

500 BC

Egyptian Abacus

1620

John Napier invented Napiers Bone (Multiplication table

carves on bones)

1653

Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline

1673

Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz invented Leibnizs Rechner

(which use first binary mathematic calculating machine)

1801

Joseph Marie Jacquard invented weaving loom (using

punch card technology)

1823

Charles Babbage invented mechanical calculator

machine.

1941

Mark 1 was invented in Harvard University. The first

computer which is slow, expensive and unreliable. It uses
mechanical switches
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Generation (1940-1956)
Huge , slow, expensive, often a reliable
1. 1946
Presper Eckert and William mauchly
build the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator And Computer)
use vacuum tubes instead of
mechanical switches of MARK 1
2. 1951
built the UNIVAC (Universal Automatic
Computer)
Which could calculate at the rate of 10
000 addition per second.
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Generation
Technologies
Vacuum tube
In a computer a vacuum tube which is an
electronic tube about the size of light
bulbs, was used as the internal
computer components.
Punch card
Punch card was used to store data
Magnetic tape
Magnetic tape was introduced in 1957. It
was faster & more compact method of
storing data.

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Generation
Problem

1. The vacuum tubes generated a great deal of

heat causing many problems in the temperature
regulation and climate control.

Basic Maintence
2. The tube also burnt out frequently.

Technology
development

3. People operating the computer did not know that

the problem was in the programming machine

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Generation (1956-1963)

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Technology
development

Inventor
1. John Bardeen
2. Walter Houser Brattain
3. William Shockley

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Generation
Technologies

Introduction to
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Transistors

Computer parts &

components

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Technology
development

The creations of transistor were spot the

production a wave of second generation
computers.
Transistors were small devices use to transfer
electronic signals across the resistor

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Generation
Advantages

1. Transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes

2. They needed no warm up time

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Technology
development

3. Consumed less energy

4. Generated much less heat
5. Faster and more reliable

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Generation(1964-1971)

Introduction to
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components

1964
1. IBM370 series were introduced in; it
came in several models and sizes.

Basic Maintence
Technology
development

2. It was used for business and scientific

programs.
3. Other computers models introduced
were CDC7600 and B2500
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Generation(1964-1971)
Technologies

Introduction to
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Silicone Chip

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

Silicone chips were manufactured in 1961 at the

silicone valley
Then came the integrated circuit technology,
which had reduced the size and cost of
computers
Other than that, the magnetic Core Memory was
replaced by a device called the microchip
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Generation(1964-1971)
Advantages

1. Silicone chips were reliable, compact and

cheaper
2. Sold hardware and software separately which
created the software industry
3. Customer service industry flourished
(reservation and credit checks)

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development

Generation(1971-present)
1. 1971
Intel created the first microprocessor.
2. 1976
Steve Jobs built the first apple computer.
3. 1981
IBM introduced its first personal
computer.
4. Steve jobs- Apple Macintosh
5. Bill gate-Microsoft
6. Michael dell -Dell

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Generation(1971-present)
Technologies
1. Silicone chip

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

2. Microprocessor
a specialised chip developed for
computer memory and logic
it is a large-scale integrated circuit which
contained thousands of transistors
The transistors on this one chip are
capable of performing all of the functions
of a computers central processing unit.
3. Storage devices
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Generation(1971-present)
Technologies

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components
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Technology
development

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Generation(1971-present)
Advantages

1. Computers become 100 times smaller than

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrate and
Computer) the first computer.
2. Gain in sped, reliability and storage capacity.
3. Personal and software industry boomed

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Generation (present-beyond)

The fifth generation computer

technologically advance & are still being
develop to become more efficient

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development

INVENTION

Super Computer
Mainframe computer
Mini computer
Personal Computer
Mobile Computer
Expert computer

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Generation(present-beyond)
Super Computer

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Generation(present-beyond)
Mainframe computer

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Generation(present-beyond)
Mini computer

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Generation(present-beyond)
Personal computer

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Generation(present-beyond)
Mobile computer

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Generation(present-beyond)
Expert system

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components
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Technology
development

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Super Computer

Fastest, most powerful, most expensive.

Used in applications such as sending astronauts
into space, testing safety and aerodynamic features
on cars and aircraft, controlling missile guidance
systems, and weather forecasting which required
extreme accuracy and immense speed to perform
the complex calculation.

Technology
development

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Mainframe computer

Large, expensive, powerful computer that

can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected user simultaneously.
Use in large organization to handle high
volume processing of business
transactions and routine paperwork

Technology
development

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Mini computer

medium size computer

Usually used as servers, with several
PCs or other devices networked to
access the midrange computers
resources.

Technology
development

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Microcomputer

generally synonymous with personal

computer (PC), or a computer that
depends on a microprocessor.
Microcomputers are designed to be used
by individuals, whether in the form of
PCs, workstations or notebook
computers.

Technology
development
Personal Computer

Laptop
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Workstation

Introduction to
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Computer parts &
components

any computer connected to a local-area

network. It could be a workstation or a
personal computer

Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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1.

Introduction to
computer
Computer parts &
components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

2.
3.

Identify main components in the computer

system

Monitor

Keyboard

Speaker

Mouse

System unit

Printer
State the functions of the main components in
the computer system
Explain briefly the data processing cycle of a
computer system

Input

Process

Output

Storage

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Main component in component system

Introduction to
computer
Computer parts &
components
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development

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1. MONITOR

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components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

LCD

SVGA

An output device that can be used to display text.

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2. Keyboard

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components
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development
To enter data into a computer
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3. Speaker

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

A device that converts analog audio signals into the

equivalent air vibrations in order to make audible
sound.
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4. Mouse

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components
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Technology
development

A device that controls the movement of the cursor or

pointer on a display screen.
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5. Printer

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components
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Technology
development
Device that produce text and graphics on paper
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6. System unit

Computer parts &

components
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Technology
development
The system unit is a case that contains electronic
components of the computer used to process data

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6. System unit
Component

Motherboard
CPU
Memory
Bus
Expansion Slots
Ports and Connectors
Bay
Power Supply
Sound Component

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6. System unit

a. Motherboard

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The motherboard is the main circuit board of a
microcomputer. It is also known as the mainboard or
41
system board.

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6. System unit

b. CPU (Central Processing

Unit)

Computer parts &

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development
The CPU is the central electronic chip that
determines the processing power of the computer.

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6. System unit
c. Memory

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components
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Technology
development

Read Only Memory

(ROM)

Random Access
Memory (RAM)

Memory is the part of the computer that temporarily

stores applications, documents, and stem operating
43
information.

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6. System unit
d. Bus

Computer parts &

components
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Technology
development
A bus is an electronic line that allows 1s and 0s to
move from one place to another.

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6. System unit

e. Expansion Slots

Computer parts &

components
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Technology
development
expansions slots appear on the motherboard. They
are sockets into which adapters are connected.
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6. System unit

f. Ports and connectors

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development
A port is a connector located on the motherboard or
on a separate adapter.
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6. System unit
g. Bay

Computer parts &

components
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Technology
development
A bay is a space inside the computer case where a
hard drive, floppy drive or CD-ROM drive sits
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6. System unit

h. Power Supply

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development
A power supply changes normal household
electricity into electricity that a computer can use.

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6. System unit

i. Sound Component

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components
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Technology
development
A sound card lets a computer play and record high
quality sound.

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Data processing cycle

Introduction to
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components

Input

Processor

Output

Basic Maintence
Technology
development
Storage
Conversion of data into a form that can be processed
50
by computer

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System Unit
1.

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

2.
3.
4.

Identify the components of a system unit.

Input/output port (I/O port)

Reset button

CDROM drive

Floppy drive

Hard disk drive

State the functions of the main components of a
system unit.
State the functions of CPU, RAM, ROM and
expansion slots found on the motherboard
Inculcate values of responsibility and
cooperation among the pupils
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System unit

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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System unit

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Introduction to
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System unit

Computer parts &

components
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development

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System unit
1. Box-like case that contains computers
electronic components
2. Sometimes called the chassis

Technology
development

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System unit

Computer parts &

components
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development

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System unit : Front layer of a system unit

DVD-ROM drive
CD-ROM/CD-RW
drive
Zip drive
Empty drive bay
Floppy disk drive

Technology
development

Power button
Reset button

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System unit : Input / Output port ( I/O port )

Power Port
Keyboard

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence

USB
Serial Port
Monitor

Mouse
USB

Printer
(Parallel
port)
Speaker
Microphone

Technology
development

Game Port
Network
Telephone
line in
Svideo out

Telephone
line out
FM reception
Cable TV
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Functions of the main components of a system unit

1. Input / Output port (I/O port)

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

A port is the point at which a

peripheral attaches to a system unit
so that the peripheral is able to send
data and receive information from the
computer.
An external device, such as a
keyboard, monitor, printer, mouse and
microphone, that is attached by a
cable to a port on the system unit.

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

2. Power Button
To turn the computer on

Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

3. Reset Button
Restating the
computer, instructs the
computer to go through
the process of shutting
down, which would clear
the memory and reset
devices to their initialized
state. It simply removes
power immediately.

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

4. Motherboard
Main circuit board of the
system unit, it has some
electronic components
attached to it.

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development

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

5. Power Supply
Converts standard
electrical power into a
form that, the computer
can use. If a power supply
is not providing the
necessary power, the
computer will not function
properly.

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

6. DVD-ROM drive
A device that reads DVDROM, audio CDs, CDROMSs, CD-Rs and CDRWs

Technology
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Functions of the main components of a system unit

7. CD-ROM drive
A device that reads audio
CDs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs
and CD-RWs

Basic Maintence
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development

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

8. DVD/CD-RW drive
A combination drive that
reads DVD and CD
media, and writes to CDRW media.

Technology
development

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

9. Zip drive
A high-capacity disk
drive that reads from and
writes on a Zip disk

Basic Maintence
Technology
development

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

10. Floppy drive

A device that reads from
and writes on a floppy
disk

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development

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

11. Hard disk drive

A Type of storage device
that contains one or
more inflexible, circular
platters that store data,
instructions and
information.

Technology
development

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Functions of the main components of a system unit

For RAM

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Expansion
slots

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Functions of the components of the motherboard

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A Central Processing Unit or
CPU is a microprocessor
(processor for short).
A CPU interprets instructions
given by the software and
carries out those instructions
by processing data and
controlling the rest of the
computers component.

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Functions of the components of the motherboard

2. Random Access Memory (RAM)

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RAM is installed inside computers. RAM is also known

as a working memory.
A computer uses RAM to hold temporary
instructions and data needed to complete tasks.
This enables the computer's CPU (Central
Processing Unit) to access instructions and data
stored in the memory very quickly.
RAM stores data during and after processing.

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Functions of the components of the motherboard

3. Read Only Memory (ROM)

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ROM is non-volatile. It holds the programs and data

when the computer is powered off.
Programmes in ROM have been pre-recorded. It can
only be stored by the manufacturer; once it is done, it
cannot be changed.
All the contents in ROM can be accessed and read but
cannot be changed.

Technology
development

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Functions of the components of the motherboard

Introduction to
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Random Access
Memory (RAM)

Technology
development
Read Only Memory (ROM)
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Functions of the components of the motherboard

4. Expansion Slots
Expansion slots are the
sockets where the circuit
boards or the adapter
cards can be inserted into
the motherboard, such as
video acceleration, sound or
disk drive control.

Technology
development

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Peripherals

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1.
2.

3.

Basic Maintence
Technology
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4.

State the definition of peripheral

Identify different types of peripheral:
Input devices
Output devices
Storage device
State examples of different types of peripherals:
Printers
Scanners
LCD projectors
Digital cameras
External CD drivers
External storages
Explain the functions of each peripheral
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1. Definition

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are pieces of computer hardware that are

added to a host computer, i.e. any
hardware except the computer, in order to
expand its abilities. Most of those devices
are optional in nature.

2. External hardware devices attached to the

computer are called peripheral equipments.

Technology
development

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Types of
peripheral

Input Devices

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development

Output Devices

Storage Devices
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1. Input Devices

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Mouse
Microphone

Keyboard

Scanner

Input devices are any electronic device that are

connected to a computer and produces input signals.
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2. Output Devices

Introduction to
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Computer parts &
components

Printer
Monitor

Speaker

Basic Maintence
Technology
development

LCD Projector

Output devices are the result of data processing

activity when it is presented externally to the system. It
is a hardware that is capable of delivering or showing
information to one or more users
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3. Storage Devices

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development

Hard Disk

Thumb Drivers
Diskettes & CDs

Computer storage is the holding of data in an

electromagnetic form, for access by a computer
processor.
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The different types of peripherals:

1.

Printers

2.

Scanners

3.

LCD projectors

4.

Digital cameras

5.

External CD drivers

6.

External storages
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1. Printer

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development
A printer is an output device to print text or graphics on
mediums such as paper, transparency film or even
cloths.
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1. Printer

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development
A photo printer is a colour printer that produces photoquality pictures.
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1. Printer
DOT Matrix Printer
Type of printer that employs movable print heads with
pins or wires that shoot and strike the ribbon placing a
dot on the paper with hundreds of dots forming images
or text.

Inkjet Printer
Printer developed by Canon which forms letters and
images on the paper by spraying small streams of
quick-drying ink. The ink is stored in a disposable ink
cartridge.

Laser Printer

Technology
development

Laser printers are Printer that uses laser technology to

print images on the paper. The laser recreates the
image on a negatively charged drum which will then
collect ink that is positively charged to attract to the
areas of the image. The Paper is then negatively
charged therefore the positively charged ink is attracted
to the paper and then is fused onto the paper. See laser
printer printing steps for step by step procedure of laser
printers.

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1. Printer
Plotters
These printers use a pen to draw the image
on the paper. Usually, plotters are Friction
Feed but occasionally can be Tractor Feed as
well.

Computer parts &

components
Basic Maintence
Technology
development

Thermal printer
A printer that uses heated pins to "burn"
images onto heat-sensitive paper. The pins
are electrically heated and brought into
contact with the specially treated paper
easily, instead of with great impact. The
coating on the paper discolors when heated
in this way. These printers, used in
calculators and many fax machines, are
inexpensive, but produce low-quality, low
resolution print. They are however, quiet and
fast as they print.

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2. Scanners

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Technology
development
A scanner is a device that analyzes images, printed
text, handwriting, or objects (such as an ornament) and
changes it into a digital image.
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2. Scanners : Flatbed scanner

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This type of scanner provides a flat glass surface onto

which the original is placed. The illumination and
sensing elements move under the glass to scan the
image. Flatbed scanners are available in a wide range
of sizes, prices, and capabilities. Some flatbeds offer a
transparency scanning adapter as an option.90

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The bar code scanner consists of a scanner, a
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2. Scanners : Handheld scanners

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The handheld scanners has a maximum resolution of

600 dpi and can be quite difficult to use. Their main
drawback is the limited scanning area and, whilst they
are handy for scanning small images and narrow
columns of text and changes it into a digital image.
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2. Scanners : Sheet Fed Scanner

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The Sheet Fed Scanner designed to scan individual
sheets of paper automatically in much the same way
as a fax machine.
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3. LCD Projector

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LCD projector is a type of video projector for
displaying video, images or computer data on a screen
or other flat surface such as on to a wall or screen.
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4. Digital cameras

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Digital cameras are electronic devices used to capture

and store photographs digitally. They use memory card
instead of photographic film like conventional cameras
or recording images in an analog format to magnetic
tape like many video cameras.
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5. External CD Drives

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The external DVD/CD-RW combo drive functions as a

DVD player, a CD-RW drive and a CD-ROM drive.
This allows you to install computer applications, files,
music and movies on CD. It is easy to be carried
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6. External Storages

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External storage is an alternative storage. It is very

useful to store programs and data for future use.
The storage is required for two reasons:
1.

The working memory of the CPU is limited in size

and cannot always hold the amount of data
required.

2.

Data and programmers in storage do not

disappear when the power is turned off.

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Peripherals

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6. External Storages

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Hard disk

Diskette

Thumb drive

CD-Rom

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Zip disk

Flash Memory

Memory Stick

Smart Chip
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1. Identify input devices

2. List input devices
3. State the respective
functions of input devices

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Input Devices

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1. Definition

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Input devices are electronic devices

connected to a computer that produce input
signals. Below are some of the examples
of input devices.

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Keyboard
Mouse

Scanner

Microphone
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Input Devices

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Pointing
Devices

Types of
Input
Devices

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components
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Input Devices
for Texts

Input Devices
for Video

Input Devices
for Graphics

Input Devices
for Audio
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Input Devices

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1. Input Devices for Texts

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Optical
reader

Keyboard

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Bar code
reader

Virtual
Keyboard

Input devices for text is used to enter information into

the computer by pressing the keys on a keyboard,
virtual keyboard on the screen, Optical reader or Bar
Code reader.
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2. Input Devices for Graphics

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Scanner

Digital
Camera

Input devices for graphics are used to capture images

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3. Input Devices for Audio

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Microphone

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Midi keyboard

Audio input is the speech, music and sound effects

entered into the computer. This can be done using
input devices such as a microphone and digital musical
instruments like the Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(MIDI) keyboard.
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4. Input Devices for Video

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cctv camera

Digital Video
Camera

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Webcam

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Video input are motion images captured into the
computer by special input devices.
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Input Devices

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5. Pointing Devices

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Touch

Trackball

Graphic tablet

Mouse

1. Pointing devices such as a mouse, trackball,

graphics tablet and touch screen are used to input
spatial data into the computer.
2. Spatial data refers to data that is continuous and
multi-dimensional.
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1. Identify output devices

2. List output devices
3. State the respective
functions of output devices

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Output Devices

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1. Definition

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An output device is hardware that is

capable of delivering or showing
information to one or more users. An output
device shows, prints and presents the
results of a computers work.

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Printer
Monitor

Speaker
LCD Projector
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Output Devices

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Types of Output
Device

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Monitor

Printer

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Audio
Other output
devices
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Output Devices

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1. Monitor

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A display device is an output device that visually
conveys texts, graphics and video information.
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2. Printer

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A printer is an output device that can be used to print
text, apart from graphics, on mediums such as paper,
transparency film or even cloths.
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3. Audio

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Speaker
Headphone

Woofer

An audio output device produces music, speech or

other sounds.
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4. Other output devices

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LCD

Facsimile

Other output devices include Liquid Crystal Display

(LCD) projectors and facsimile (fax) machines. A Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD) projector uses its own light
source to project what is displayed on the computer on
a wall or projection screen. A digital light processing
(DLP) projector uses tiny mirrors to reflect light which
can be seen clearly in a well-lit room.
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1. Identify storage devices

2. List storage devices
3. State the functions of storage devices

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4. Identify differences between primary and

secondary storage devices
5. State the units for data measurement:

Bit
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte

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Storage Devices

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Computer storage holds of data in an

electromagnetic form to be accessed by a
computer processor.
2. Information and documents are stored in a
computer storage so that it can be retrieved
whenever they are needed later on.

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Hard disk

Diskette

Pendrive

CD-Rom
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Storage Devices

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Types of Storage
Device

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Primary
storage

Secondary
storage

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Read-Only Memory
(ROM)

Magnetic Medium
Optical Medium

Random-Access
Memory (RAM)

Flash Memory
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1. Primary Devices

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Random Access
Memory (RAM)

Read Only Memory

(RAM)

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Primary storage is the main memory in a computer. It
stores data and programs that can be accessed
directly by the processor.
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Storage Devices

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Types of Primary
Device

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RandomAccess
Memory
(RAM)

Read-Only
Memory
(ROM)

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Primary Device
a) Random-Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is installed inside computers. RAM is also known as

a working memory.
The data in RAM can be read (retrieved) or written
(stored).
RAM is volatile which means the programs and data in
RAM are lost when the computer is powered off.
A computer uses RAM to hold temporary instructions and
data needed to complete tasks. This enables the
computer CPU (Central Processing Unit) to access
instructions and data stored in the memory very quickly.
RAM stores data during and after processing.

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Primary Device
b)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is another type of memory permanently stored
inside the computer.
ROM is non-volatile. It holds the programs and data
when the computer is powered off.
Programs in ROM have been pre-recorded. It can only
be stored by the manufacturer once done, it cannot be
changed.
It has complex functions such as start up operating
instructions, translators for high-level languages and
operating systems are placed in ROM memory.
All the contents in ROM can be accessed and read but
cannot be changed.
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2. Secondary Devices

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1. Secondary storage is another alternative storage to

keep your work and documents. It is very useful to
store programs and data for future use.
2. It is non-volatile, which means that it does not need
power to maintain the information stored in it. It will
store the information until it is erased.
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Types of Secondary
Devices

Magnetic
Medium

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Optical Medium

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Flash Memory

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Secondary Device
a) Magnetic Medium

Magnetic Medium is a non-volatile storage

medium. It can be any type of storage medium
that utilizes magnetic patterns to represent
information.
Example of magnetic storage are:
magnetic disk such as: a floppy disk, used for
off-line storage
hard disk, used for secondary storage
magnetic tape; including video cassette, audio
storage reel-to-reel tape and others

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Secondary Device
a)

Magnetic Medium

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Diskette

Hard disk

Video cassette

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Secondary Device
b) Optical Medium
Optical Medium is a non-volatile storage media that
holds content in digital form that are written and
read by a laser. These media include various types
of CDs and DVDs.
These following forms are often commonly used :

CD, CD-ROM, and DVD: Read only storage

CD-R: Write once storage, the data cannot be erased
or written over once it is saved.
CD-RW, DVD-RW and DVD-RAM: Slow to write but
fast reading storage; it allows data that has been
saved to be erased and rewritten.

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Secondary Device
b) Optical Medium

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Secondary Device
c) Flash Memory
Flash Memory is a solid-state, non-volatile,
rewritable memory that functions like RAM and a
hard disk drive. Flash memory store bits of
electronic data in memory cells just like DRAM
(Dynamic RAM), but it also works like a hard disk
drive.
Flash memory cards and flash memory sticks are
examples of flash memory.

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Secondary Device

c) Flash Memory

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THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRIMARY AND

SECONDARY STORAGE
PRIMARY STORAGE

SECONDARY STORAGE

Known as the main memory of a

computer.

Alternative storage in a computer.

RAM / ROM.

Examples : Floppy disc, Hard disk,

CD-ROM, USB drive

Storage capacity is limited.

Storage capacity is larger.

An internal memory (inside the

CPU) that can be accessed
directly by the processor.

Refers to various ways a computer

can store program and data.

Has a volatile memory for RAM and

non-volatile memory for ROM.

Is non-volatile, which means that it

does not need power to
maintain the information stored
in it.

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Units for data measurement

1. Bit
2. Byte
3. Kilobyte (KB)
4. Megabyte (MB)
5. Gigabyte (GB)
Basic terminology
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Byte = 1 KB
1,048,576 Bytes = 1024 KB = 1 MB
1,073,741,824 Bytes = 1024 MB = 1 GB
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1.

Handling input and output

devices
a.

2.

Set up the input and output devices

correctly

Computer settings
a.

Customize settings for

i.
ii.
iii.

b.

Display
Mouse
Sound

Customize settings for

i.
ii.

Date and time

Regional and language options
according to instructions

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Computer Hardware

Name the Connecting Peripherals

No:

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Power port

PS2 port (Mouse)

PS2 port (keyboard)

USB port

Serial port (Modem)

Parallel port (printer

port)
VGA port (Monitor
display)
Game port (Joystick)

7
8

Technology
development

Label the ports

9,10, Audio ports (speaker,

11
headphone and
microphone)
( 9-Line Out, 10-Line In,
11-Mic)
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Computer Hardware

Connecting Monitor to system unit

1.

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Introduction to
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2.

Plug the VGA cable of the monitor

to the display device port as shown
in figure 2. The VGA cable (blue
colour) must be connected to the
display port of the same colour.
Connect the tiny pin on the VGA
cable carefully.

Computer parts &

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Monitor port

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VGA cable

VGA cable
VGA port

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Connecting the Keyboard and

mouse to the System Unit

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1.

2.

Plug the PS/2 cable of the

keyboard (purple colour nozzle)
and mouse ( green colour nozzle)
to the device port
Attach the keyboard and mouse to
their respective PS/2 port carefully.

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Keyboard purple nozzle

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Mouse green nozzle

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Computer Hardware

Connecting Audio and

Microphone device to system unit

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1.

Plug the (green nozzle) speaker

cable and the (blue nozzle)
microphone cable to the device
port

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1.
2.

3.
4.

Plug in the power cord

Then, switch the power supply to On
position. If the power supply switch is at
the back of the computer system, press
On. If not, proceed to Step 3.
Press the power button
If everything is connected correctly, all
system fans should start spinning. There
should be a single beep. After 2-5
seconds, the computer will start to boot.

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Switch ON

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Customizing settings for display

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1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

Click Start button, then click Control Panel

Control Panel window will appear as shown below.
Then click Appearance and Setting.
Click at Display
Display Properties window will appear as shown
below. In the Themes option, you can change the
themes of your computer by choosing from the drop
down menu. Choose Window XP and click OK as
shown below.
Click at Desktop tab. You can change your desktop
background. Choose Bliss in the background menu
and click OK.
Click at Screen Saver tab. Choose from the drop
down menu. Choose 3D Flying Objects and click
OK.
Click Appearance. You can change the appearance
of windows buttons, colour schemes and font size by
choosing from drop down menu. In Windows and
buttons, choose Window XP style. In colour
scheme, choose Default (blue). In Font size,
choose Normal. Then, click OK.
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Customizing settings for mouse

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1.
2.

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3.

In the Control Panel, click Appearance and

Themes. Then click at Mouse Pointers.
The Mouse Properties window will appear as
shown below. Choose Pointers tab option.
You can customize the mouse pointer by
choosing from the customize drop down
menu. Choose Normal Select and click OK.
Click Pointer Option tab. You can select the
pointer speed by moving the motion slide
indicator. Click OK.

Pointers

Customize Drop
down Menu

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Customizing settings for sound

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1.

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2.

Computer parts &

components

3.

In the Control Panel, click Sounds,

Speech and Audio Devices. Then, click
Adjust the system volume.
Choose the volume level by moving the
volume slide indicator. For further
volume control setting, you have to click
Advanced. Then, choose and set the
volume as you wish.
Adjust the volume level by moving the
volume slide indicator.

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Volume Slide Indicator

Advanced

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Customizing settings for Date and Time

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1.
2.

3.

In the Control Panel, click Date, Time,

Language, and Regional Options. Then click,
date and time.
Click at Date and Time tab. Choose day,
month and year from the Date options, to
change date, change the time in the time
option. After you choose the suitable date and
time, click OK.
Click Time Zone. Choose the time zone
according to the country you stay by choosing
from the drop down menu. Choose
(GMT+08:00) Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and
click OK

Date and Time

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Year
Month

Day

Time Option

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Customizing settings for Regional

and Language Options.

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1.

In the Control Panel, click Date, Time,

Language and Regional Options. Then,
click Regional and Language Options.

2.

Click Regional Options tab. Regional

option will effect how programmes format
numbers, currencies, dates and time.
Then, click the drop down menu. English
(United States) is commonly use. Choose
English (United States) and click OK.

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