Waray Morphology

WARAY-WARAY MORPHOLOGY:
I. Pronouns
The table below shows the summary of pronouns of Waray-waray.
Singular 1st
2nd
3rd
Plural
1st person
(inclusive)
Nominative
aku
ikaw
hija
kita
1st person kami

(exclusive)
2nd person kamu
3rd person hira
Objective
ku
mu
nija
natun
Possessive
akun
imu
iya
atun
namun
amun
niyu
nira
iyu
ira
To make a clearer understanding, each pronoun is used in a sentence.

A. Nominative
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
malipajun aku
malipajun ka
malipajun sija
maghahamis kita
maglilinis kami
malipajun kamu
malipajun hira
I am happy
You are happy
S/He is happy
We will clean
We will clean
You are happy
They are happy
B. Objective (Ergative)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ginhamisan ku an sulud
ginhamisan mu an sulud
ginhamisan nija an sulud
hamisan natun an sulud
ginhamisan namun an sulud
ginhamisan niju an sulud
ginhamisan nira an sulud
The room was cleaned by me*

The room was cleaned by you*
The room was cleaned by him/her*
Let us clean the room
The room was cleaned by us*
The room was cleaned by you*
The room was cleaned by them*
C. Possessive (Oblique)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
mahamis an akun sulud

mahamis an imu sulud
mahamis an ija sulud
mahamis an atun sulud
mahamis an amun sulud
mahamis an iju sulud
mahamis an ira sulud
My room is clean
Your room is clean
His/Her room is clean
Our room is clean
Our room is clean
Your room is clean
Their room is clean
*The sentences are in passive voice to show the objective case of pronouns.
II. Word Formation Strategies

A. affixation
1. prefixing and deletion
The /n/ in the verb prefix pan- is deleted and replaced by a nasal sound when it is
followed by the verb which starts with any sounds: /p, b, k, t, d, s/.
a. [p, b] [m]
pamati
pan-bati
IMP-greet
greet
pamarigu
pan-parigu
imp-bathe
bathe
b. [k] []
paaun
pan-kaun
IMP-eat
eat
paahuj
pa-kahuj
IMP-hew
hew
c. [t, d, s] [n]
panagu
pan-tagu
IMP-hide
hide
panalagan
pan-dalagan
IMP-run
run
pa na jaw
pan-sajaw
IMP-dance
dance
d. The /n/ in the verb prefix pan- is deleted and /g/ is replaced if the prefix is followed by
the verb that starts with /l/sound.
[l] g + [l]
pagliwan
pag-liwan
IMP-to put on clothes
put on clothes
pagluksu
pag-luksu
IMP-hop
hop
2. prefixing
The /n/ in the verb prefix pan- remains /n/ and no changes with any sounds of the verbs
which have any initial sounds of /g, h, w/.
a. [g] n + [g]
pangabut
pan-gabut
IMP-pull out
pull out
b. [h,w] n + [h, w]
panhuja
pan-huja
IMP-lean
lean
panwadas
pan-wadas
IMP-shake
shake
3. infixation
pinalit
p-in-alit
p-PST-alit
buy PST
bought
4.
suffixing
a. apuj
apu-j
grandchild-NSUF
grandparent
b. higdaan
higda-an
lie on-NSUF
bed
c. ujasan
ujas-an
play-NSUF
toy
B. reduplication
1. partial:
Aside from putting prefix, the present (progressive) and future tense of the verb is
formed by repeating the initial syllable of the root word.
a. nagbubunak
nag-bu-bunak
PRES-initialRED-wash clothes
wash clothes
b. maghahamis
mag-ha-hamis
FUT-initialRED-clean
will clean
2. full
gawas gawas
RED-gawas
always in and out
III. Typology:
The Waray-waray language, most of the times, is fusional. Though, it is sometimes
identified as isolating and agglutinating. The following data show their distribution.
fusional
fusional
aku
hi
1SG
NMK
isolating
hajmi kampaniru
Jaime Campanero
I am Jaime Campanero
fusional
fusional
an
akun
isolating
agglutinating
idad
DET 1SINGPOSS age

I am fifty-six years old
agglutinating
igin
kalim
an
fifty
linker
fusional
fusional
aku
ha
anak
PSTPASS BORN
1SINGPOSS
NMKR
I was born in General Mc Arthur Eastern Samar
fusional
an
isolating
fusional
aran
han
kag
six
isolating
isolating
fusional
an
aran
han
isolating
isolating
fusional
jana
hahani
aku
fusional
butu
town
fusional
fusional
akun
NMKR
name
NMKR
1SINGPOSS-NMKR
The name of my mother is Felisa Campenero
General Mc Arthur Eastern Samar
PREP
amaj
father
General Mc. Arthur Eastern Samar
fusional
hi
NMKR
isolating
Conrado Campanero
Conrado Campanero
isolating
fusional
inaj
hi
Felisa Campanero
NMKR
Felisa Campanero
mother
agglutinating fusional
naukuj
isolating
ha
isolating
akun
NMKR
name
NMKR
1SINGPOSS-NMKR
The name of my father is Conrado Campenero
fusional
unum
ha
isolating
isolating
NPC Village Tandang Sora Quezon City
ADV
ADV
1SINGNOM PRES-reside PREP
NPC Village Tandang Sora Quezon City
I am currently residing here in NPC Village Tandang Sora, Quezon City

Waray Morphology

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WARAY-WARAY MORPHOLOGY:

1st person kami

To make a clearer understanding, each pronoun is used in a sentence.

The room was cleaned by me*

mahamis an akun sulud

II. Word Formation Strategies

DET 1SINGPOSS age

General Mc Arthur Eastern Samar

General Mc. Arthur Eastern Samar

NPC Village Tandang Sora Quezon City

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