2

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM

2014
SKEMA PEMARKAHAN
BIOLOGY
KERTAS 2

No
1a

b.i
b.ii

d.i

d.ii
2a.i
ii

Bahagian A
Marking scheme
Able to state the meaning of enzyme
Sample answers
Is a biological catalysts
That regulate (almost all) the cellular reactions
Able so state the organ that secretes rennin
Stomach
Able to explain the reason why rate of rennin is the highest
Sample answers
P1: 36C/37C/38C is the optimum temperature
P2: enzyme catalyses a reaction at maximum rate
Able to explain the effect of higher pH on rennin activity
Sample answers
P1: rennin / rate of enzyme activity/action decreases / slower // coagulation milk
slower // caseinogen is not converted into casein
P2: pH 9 causes alkaline medium
P3: rennin requires acidic medium
Able to name and explain the enzyme on helping remove stains on clothes
Sample answers
P1: protease / amylase / lipase
P2: is added to washing powder
P3: rid / digest protein / starch / fat
P1: cellulase is used
P2: digest cell wall (of seaweeds)
Total = 12
Able to name structure P
Sample answers
Palisad mesophyl
Able to name Q and R
Sample answers
Q: xylem
R: phloem
Able to explain how tissue Q is adapted for transportation.
Sample answers
E1: xylem vessel is hollow / narrow /absence of protoplasm/cytoplasm
E2: continuous tube / open at both ends / joint end to end
E3: the wall is lignified // it is thickened with lignin

Mark
1
1
Total=2
1

1
1

1
1
1
Any 2
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

c.i

c.ii

3a.i

3a.ii

E5: impermeable to water

1
E6: allow continuous flow of water // increase/create the capillary action // 1
adhesion and cohesion force
Any 2
REJECT: any explanation on trachied
Able to explain why the condition of the cell is flaccid
Sample answers
P1: the solution is hypertonic compared to the cell
1
P2: water diffuses out via osmosis
1
P3: vacuole become smaller
1
P4: plasma membrane is detached / pulled away (from the cell wall)
1
P5: cell is flaccid / plasmolysed // cell undergoes plasmolysis
1
Able to explain how to overcome the condition in order to make sure the
plant suvival
Sample answers
P1: immerse into hypotonic solution
1
P2: this causes water diffuses into the cell (by osmosis)
1
P3: vacuole becomes bigger / filled with water
1
P4: cell is turgid // turgor pressure is created
1
P5: plant is fresh (and upright)
1
Any 2
Able to explain the reason why the sailors cannot drink the seawater
Sample answers
P1: drinking seawater causes body fluid becomes hypertonic
1
P2: hence, body cells flaccid // red blood cells crenated
1
P3: less substances will be transported
1
P4: so, body system will be less efficient // negative effect to body system
1
Total = 12
Able to name the muscles of both organisms
Sample answers
1
Earthworm: longitudinal (muscle) and circular (muscle)
1
Fish: myotome
Able to name the type of skeleton for both organisms
Sample answers
Earthworm: hydrostatic (skeleton)
1
Fish: endoskeleton
1
Able to desribe the mechanism of locomotion in the earthworm (moving
forward)
Sample answers
Set 1
L1: when circular muscle/ muscle Y contract, longitudinal muscle / muscle X 1
relaxes
L2: earthworm becomes thinner and longer
1
Set 2
S1: when longitudinal muscle / muscle X contract, circular muscle / muscle Y 1

relaxes
S2: earthworm becomes thicker and shorter
c

4a.i

a.ii

a.iii

Any one set

Able to explain what is the effect if intervertebral disc is absent in vertebral
column
Sample answers
F1: Z is intervertebral disc
E1: the vertebral column cant move / shock is not absorbed // increase friction
(between vertebral) leads to back pain
Able to describe muscular dystrophy
Sample answers
F1: is caused by progressive degeneration and weaknesses of skeletal muscle
P1: becaused of mutated gene on X chromosome
P2: so mainly affects boys
Able to explain the possibility effects if the ribs stab on diaphragm
Sample answers
P1: Damage / ruin the diaphragm
P2: diaphragm looses / less elasticity
P3: volume of thoracic cavity / air pressure cannot be controlled
P4: difficulties in breathing

1
1

1
1
1
Any 2

1
1
1
1
Total = 12 Any 2

Able to name organ A and hormone B

Sample answers
Organ A : Pancreas
Hormone B: Insulin
Able to explain why blood glucose level rises
Sample answers
P1: because carry out vigorous exercise // sweating
P2: because of meal / food / salted food / carbonated drink intake
Able to explain what will happen if our blood glucose level is 60mg/100ml
Sample answers
P1: negative feedback mechanism works
P2: pancreas (is stimulated) to secrete glucagon
P3: glucagon stimulates liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose
P4: glucagon promotes lipid breakdown
P5: which releases fatty acids
P6: that can be metabolised for energy

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any 3

Able to explain the process occurs at proximal convoluted tubul if a person

undergoes sport activity
Sample answers
P1: D is proximal convoluted tubul
1
P1: (the process is) reabsorption
1
P2: more water is reabsorbed
1
Any 2
Able to explain briefly Parkinsons disease

5a.i

a.ii

a.iii

b.i
ii

Sample answers
P1: It is progressive disorder of the central nervous system
P2: it affects muscular movement
P3: causing tremor / trembling of arms / jaws / legs / face
P4: difficulty in maintaining posture / impaired balance and coordination
Total = 12
Able to name hormone D and E
Sample answers
Hormone D: LSH / luteinising hormone
Hormone E: FSH / follicle stimulating hormone
Able to explain the function of hormone D and E
Sample answers
Hormone D: stimulates ovulation / growth of corpus luteum / secretion of
oestrogen and progesterone
Hormone E: stimulates growth of follicles (in ovary)
Able to relate the level of hormon F (progesterone) tochanges in thickness of
the endometrium
Sample answers
P1: Hormone F is progesterone
P2: (the hormone) is to maintain the thickening of endometrium / uterus wall
P3: the higher level of progesterone, the thicker the endometrium / uterus wall
Able to state the process in the production of sperm and ovum
Sample answers
Meiosis
Able to state the other twins and differences between the twins
Sample answers
*Non identical / fraternal
twins 1 mark
D1. A sperm fertilises an ovum D1. 2 sperms fertilises 2
ovums seperately
D2. form an embryo // develop D2. forms 2 embryos //
into a foetus
develop into 2 feotus

1
1
1
1
Any 3
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
Any 2
1

Identical twins

D3. has one placenta

D4. so, sharing placenta
D5. same genetic constituent
D6. same physical features
D7. same gender

D3. has 2 placenta

D4. has its own placenta
D4.
different
genetic
constituent
D6.
different
physical
features
D7. same / different gender
Any 2 + 1*

Able to explain why annual growth rings distinct in wood from temperate
forests

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Sample answers
P1: the activity of vascular cambium is not uniform throughout the year
P2: in spring, the cambium is more active
P3: and forms larger and thinner-walled xylem vessels
P4: in autumn, the cambium less active
P5: so forms narrower vessels/ fibre
Total = 12

No

BAHAGIAN B
Marking scheme

1
1
1
1
1
Any 2

Mark

6a

Able to explain the digestion of carbohydrates

Sample answers
P mouth
P1 : Amylase hydrolyses/ digests / breakdown starch to maltose
P2 : in neutral medium

1
1
1

Q duodenum
P3 : Amylase completes/hydrolyses the digestion of starch
P4 : to maltose
P5 : in alkaline medium.

1
1
1
1

R ileum
P6 : Maltase hydrolyses / digests / breakdown maltose
P7 : to glucose
P8 : in alkaline medium
P9 : Absorption of glucose into the epithelial cells
6b

1
1
1
1
1
Any 10

Able to state the diseases and the effects to the person

Sample answers
F1 Arteriosclerosis
P1 : a clot formation
P2 : caused of taking excessive cholesterol
P3 : If a clot forms in a coronary artery, can lead to heart attack
P4 : If a clot blocks blood flow to the brain stroke

1
1
1
1
1

F2 Emphysema
P5 : The efficiency of gaseous exchange through the respiratory
surface is greatly reduced

1
1

F3 - lung cancer
P6 : caused by deposited of tar in the bronchioles

1
1

F4 - Bronchitis
P7 : respiratory disease in which the airways become inflamed due to an irritant
or an infection

1
1

F5 Rickets
P8 : (a disease characterised by) poor bone formation in children.
P9 : lack of Vitamin D

1
1
1
Any 10
Total = 20

No
7a

Marking scheme
Able to explain why haemophilia usually affects males
Sample answers

Mark

b.i

P1 : Sex-linked disease is a hereditary disease transmitted from

parents to the offspring.
P2 : haemophilia is caused by recessive allele formed on sex
chromosome X
P3 : Normal dominant gene on X chromosome is represented by XH
P4 : Recessive gene on X chromosome is represented by Xh
P5 : Male is homozygous, receiving only one X chromosome from
their mother
P6 : Females receives X chromosomes both from their parents
P7 : Male has one allele to control the production of clotting factor
but female has a pair of alleles
P8 : Female maybe homozygous dominant (XH XH) or heterozygous
( XH Xh) for blood clotting
P9 : Female with heterozygous for blood clotting is a carrier for
the disease.
P10 : a carrier does not show the symptom or suffer the disease
but can transmit the disease to the next generation.
P11 : A female can only have the disease if she is homozygous
recessive. (Xh Xh)
P12 : Male with Xh / recessive allele on X chromosome will get the
disease
Able to draw a schematic diagram correctly
Sample answers
Keys:
H curly hair
h straight hair
Parents :

B brown eyes
b blue eyes

P1

Mohd

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any 10

P1 = 1
P2 = 1
P3 = 1
Aminah
*P4 = 2

Fenotype:
Genotpye:
Gametes
HB
Hb
hB
hb

Straight hair, blue eyes

Curly hair, brown eyes

hhbb
hb
HhBb
Hhbb
hhBb
hhbb

hb
HhBb
Hhbb
hhBb
hhbb

HhBb
hb
HhBb
Hhbb
hhBb
hhbb

hb
HhBb
Hhbb
hhBb
hhbb

P2

P 3 = gametes
* P 4 = genotype F1
(16 genotypes)

P 5 = phenotype F1 ; (4) curly hair, brown eyes; (4) curly hair blue eyes;
(4) straight hair brown eyes; (4) straight hair blue eyes
b.ii

Able to describe the application of stem cells

Sample answers

16 =2
14-15 = 1
< 14 = 0

P5 = 1
6

8a

P1 : A basic cell which can divide and develop into cells with
particular functions. // special cell with the ability to reproduce itself over
long periods
P2: (two types of stem cell,) embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
P3 : the cells can differentiate to form specialised (body) cells
P4 : the cells / the tissues that can be used in the treatment of injury / diseases.
P5: (stem cells) can also be obtained from foetal tissues from terminated
pregnancies
Able to explain the adaptations of mangrove plants
Sample answers
F1 Avicennia sp. Sonneratia sp. Rhizophora sp., Brugueira sp
F2 : have cable roots / prop roots
P2 : to support themselves from soft muddy soil
F3 : Breathing roots called pneumatophores
P3 : gaseous exchange takes place
F4 : Lenticels
P4 : gaseous exchange occurs through pores
F5 : Leaves are covered by a thick layer of cuticle
P5 : reduces transpiration during hot days
F6 : Leaves are thick and succulent
P6 : able to store water
F7 : Hydathodes
P7 : where excess salt is excreted

1
1
1
1
Any 4

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5F and 5P

8b.i

10

Able to state and explain the interaction

Sample answers
F1 Mutualism
P1: relationship between root nodules of a leguminous plant and Rhizobium sp.
P2 : Both benefit

1
1
1

F2 Parasitism
P3: The tapeworm lives within the tissue of their host.
P4 : One organism benefits while the other is harmed

1
1
1
Any 5

b.ii

Able to state what are pathogens and the method controlling pathogens
Sample answers
F Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases.
P1 : Antibiotics such as penicillin can kill bacteria or inhibit their
growth
P2: Vaccines can stimulate the production of antibodies.
P3: Antiseptics can inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
P4: Formaldehyde is used to kill microorganisms on the surface
of floors, buildings and furniture.

1
1
1
1
1
5

10

Total = 20
No
9a

Marking scheme
Able to answer the impact of human activities
Sample answers
F The phenomenon is deforestation
F1 soil erosion
P1 : removal and thinning of the soil layer due to physical and climate processes
such as high rainfall
P2: causes the land to be depleted of minerals and natural resources.
F2 landslides
P3: when it rains heavily for a long period of time.
P4 : the eroded soil is then carried away by moving water
F3 : caused flash floods
P5 : depletion of water catchment areas.
P6 : the removal of bases of numerous food webs
P7 : the loss of habitats for many species of flora and fauna
P8 : less oxygen is released by plants.
P9 : distrupts normal weather patterns
P10 : causing climatic changes.
Any 10

a.ii

Mark

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Able to describe the ways to overcome the situation

Sample answers
P1 : Forests must be managed properly
P2 : The development must go on without damaging the resources
of the country
P3 : Implementation of laws
P4 : Reforestation- replanting of trees.
P5 : Conducting restoration programmes to restore damaged habitats.
P6 : Selective harvesting only mature trees are removed
Able to explain the impact of thinning of the ozone layer and global warming
Sample answers
Thinning of ozone layer
T1: cataract
T2: hardening of cornea
T3: skin cancer / melanoma
T4: abnormal / uncontrolled cell division // any suitable expalanation
T5: genetic disorder/ disease
T6: mutation
T7: decreasing / low immunity system
T8: destruction of immunity system
T9: UV radiation kills microorganisms/phytoplankton
T10: UV reduces the nutrient content and crop yields

1
1
1
1
1
1
6

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

11

Global warming
G1 : agricultural activities will be distrupted.
G2: the change in weather patterns will also change the distribution of species//
climatic change
G3 : warmer climates, pests and vectors may spread to new areas.
G4 : leads to an increase in the Earths temperature.

Total = 20

END OF MARKING SCHEME

1
1
1
1
Any 2
from T
and G
4