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Power System Dynamics 1 PDF

This document discusses dynamics and control in electric power systems. It contains 52 figures illustrating concepts like hierarchical control systems, demand response, wind power forecasting, duration curves for power plants, frequency dynamics after disturbances, control structures, usage of reserves after events, primary and secondary control models, hydro turbine models, automatic generation control, synchronous machine models, factors influencing voltage, and static load models. The figures present mathematical models and simulations of different components and control aspects of electric power grids.

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Felipe Andrés Barrera Lobo
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183 views52 pages

Power System Dynamics 1 PDF

This document discusses dynamics and control in electric power systems. It contains 52 figures illustrating concepts like hierarchical control systems, demand response, wind power forecasting, duration curves for power plants, frequency dynamics after disturbances, control structures, usage of reserves after events, primary and secondary control models, hydro turbine models, automatic generation control, synchronous machine models, factors influencing voltage, and static load models. The figures present mathematical models and simulations of different components and control aspects of electric power grids.

Uploaded by

Felipe Andrés Barrera Lobo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dynamics and Control of

Electric Power Systems


Systemdynamik und Leittechnik
in der elektrischen Energieversorgung
High Lights 2011

Figure 1.1. Schematic diagram of different time scales


of power system controls.

Smart Grids
Demand Side
Participation
(Response)

Figure 1.2. The structure of the hierarchical


control systems of a power system.
3

www.rte-france.com
4

www.rte-france.com
5

Forecast of wind power production, western Denmark

Figure 1.5. Duration curve showing the use of


different kinds of power plants.
7

Figure 2.1. The frequency in different locations in


an electric power system after a disturbance.
8

Figure 2.2.Simplified representation of a power system


consisting of a single generator connected to the same bus
as the load.

Figure 2.4. Linearized model of the power system


frequency dynamics.

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Figure 2.6. Model of power system without control.

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Figure 2.7. Frequency responses of uncontrolled


power system (theoretical) to step in Pload.
(DL = 1/200 Hz/MW)
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Figure 2.8. Basic control structures of electric


power systems.
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Figure 2.9. Temporal structure of control reserve


usage after a disturbance.

14

Figure 3.1. Schematic drawing of the primary control installed in


a thermal unit.
HP = High Pressure Turbine. LP = Low Pressure turbine.
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Figure 3.3. Static characteristic of primary control.

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Figure 3.8. Two generator system.

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Figure 3.9. Speed droop characteristics for a two-machine


system.
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Figure 3.11. Dynamic frequency model of the power system


with primary-controlled power plants.
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Figure 3.13. Simplified representation of a power


system with two areas.

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Figure 3.14. Two-area dynamic model including tie-line flows.


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Figure 3.16. Step response for the system in Figure 3.15


with primary control only, i.e. no AGC.
(Area 2 much22bigger than Area 1)

Figure 3.17. Steam turbine configurations and approximate


linear models. Nonreheat and tandem compound,
single reheat configurations.
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Figure 3.22. Schematic drawing of hydro turbine with water paths.


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Bernoullis equation:

Assumptions:

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The system can be written in standard form:

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Transfer function:

with

as

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Figure 3.24. The variation of the produced power,


Dy , after a step change in the control valve.
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Figure 3.26. Model of turbine governor for


hydro turbine.
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Figure 3.27. Frequency variation after a step in DPload .


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Figure 4.1.Two area system with AGC.

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Figure 4.2.Controller for AGC.

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Non-Interactive Control (AGC)

Bi 1/ Si

33

Figure 4.6. Dynamic


model of two-area
system with AGC.

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Figure 4.5. Dynamic response of two-area system with AGC.


Area 2 much bigger than Area 1. Disturbance in Area 1.
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Figure 5.1. Definition of quantities in Parks transformation.


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Figure 5.2. Schematic picture of the transformed system.


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Figure 5.4. Graphical description of the voltage equations


and the coupling between the equivalent circuits.
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The above expression can now be used to express the


change of the flux in the d-winding:

where the subtransient inductance (in the d-axis)


has been defined as

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This current decays much slower than the current in D-winding.


Can be regarded as constant!
Thus the time constant for the decay of the
D-winding current is

The subtranisent open circuit time constant in the d-axis


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Table 5.1. Typical synchronous machine parameters.


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Fourth order model

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Third order model

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Voltage Control in Power Systems

Reactive Power

Voltage

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Factors Influencing the Voltages

Terminal voltages of synchronous machines


Reactive shunt elements
Turns ratio of transformers
Control of FACTS devices
Impedances of lines
Loading of transmission lines
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Figure 6.1. Schematic picture of synchronous machine and


associated control systems.
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Exciter Systems

1. DC Excitation Systems
2. AC Excitation Systems
3. Static Excitation Systems
1. & 2. Rotating, 3. Static

50

Static Load Models

ZIP Model:
0 = 0
1 = 1
2 = 2
=
ki 0; i 0,1, 2,

51

Figure 7.5. Transient behaviour of dynamic load.

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