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    Joining Processes: Permanent Joints

    Uploaded by

    gemnikkic
    This document discusses permanent joining processes like welding, brazing, and soldering. It describes different types of welded joints like fillet welds, butt welds, and special groove welds. Key considerations for welded joint design include clearance for welding, heat effects on the material properties, and residual stresses. The stresses in different types of welded joints under various loading conditions like tension, torsion, and bending are analyzed. Methods to determine the strength and fatigue life of welded joints are also presented.

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    Joining Processes: Permanent Joints

    Uploaded by

    gemnikkic
    129 views31 pages
    This document discusses permanent joining processes like welding, brazing, and soldering. It describes different types of welded joints like fillet welds, butt welds, and special groove welds. Key considerations for welded joint design include clearance for welding, heat effects on the material properties, and residual stresses. The stresses in different types of welded joints under various loading conditions like tension, torsion, and bending are analyzed. Methods to determine the strength and fatigue life of welded joints are also presented.

    Original Description:

    Mechanical design of welds from Shigley's

    Original Title

    Welds

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    This document discusses permanent joining processes like welding, brazing, and soldering. It describes different types of welded joints like fillet welds, butt welds, and special groove welds. Key considerations for welded joint design include clearance for welding, heat effects on the material properties, and residual stresses. The stresses in different types of welded joints under various loading conditions like tension, torsion, and bending are analyzed. Methods to determine the strength and fatigue life of welded joints are also presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    129 views31 pages

    Joining Processes: Permanent Joints

    Uploaded by

    gemnikkic
    This document discusses permanent joining processes like welding, brazing, and soldering. It describes different types of welded joints like fillet welds, butt welds, and special groove welds. Key considerations for welded joint design include clearance for welding, heat effects on the material properties, and residual stresses. The stresses in different types of welded joints under various loading conditions like tension, torsion, and bending are analyzed. Methods to determine the strength and fatigue life of welded joints are also presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    Joining Processes: Permanent Joints

    Objectives
    By the end of this section, you should be able to:
    Design welded joints to carry many types of loading conditions

    Introduction to Joints

    Joining Processes
    For cases where portions of machine elements are more

    efficiently manufactured separately


    Structures too large to be made of a single material or
    material stock

    Joining Processes
    Non-Permanent

    Permanent
    Efficient for joining thin members
    Eliminates individual fasteners, reducing machining and

    assembly cost
    Welding, Brazing, Soldering, Cementing, Gluing

    Welding: Types of Joints

    Welding: Types of Joints


    Fillet Welds

    Number indicates leg size


    Arrow points to one side when both sides are the same
    Circle on weld symbol welding to go all round

    Welding: Types of Joints


    Butt or Groove Welds

    Square butt welded on


    both sides

    Single V with 60 bevel


    and root opening of 2mm

    Double V

    Single Bevel

    Welding: Types of Joints


    Special Groove Welds

    T Joint for thick plates

    U and J welds for thick


    plates

    Corner Weld

    Edge Weld

    Design Considerations for Welding


    Clearance for welding operation

    Heat causes metallurgical changes


    Cold rolled properties transform to hot rolled properties on

    the vicinity of the welds


    Residual Stresses due to clamping or order of welding
    Light heat treatment after welding can help

    Welded Joint Design

    Stresses in Welded Joints


    Butt Welds

    Stresses in Welded Joints


    Parallel Fillet Welds

    Stresses in Welded Joints


    Transverse Fillet Welds
    Consists of shear and

    normal stresses
    There have been attempts
    on accurately predicting
    stresses on welds (9-2 of
    Shigley), however,
    geometry of fillet is crude
    and macrogeometry is
    complex.

    Stresses in Welded Joints


    Conservative Model
    Consider the external loading to be carried by pure shear forces

    on the throat area.


    =

    0.707

    Use distortion energy for significant stresses


    = 0.577

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Torsion

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Torsion


    M, J and r should be computed using the J and r and centroid of

    the weld group

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Torsion

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Torsion

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Torsion

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Torsion

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Torsion

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Bending

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Bending

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Bending

    Stresses in Welded Joints: Bending

    Strength of Welded Joints

    Strength of Welded Joints

    = 0.577

    Strength of Welded Joints


    Fatigue
    Endurance Limit Modifying Factors
    Surface Factor ( ) Forged
    Size Factor ( ) 1 if uniform shear stress on throat
    Loading Factor ( ) - 0.59 (fillet, shear), 1 (butt, axial)
    Stress Concentration Factor(reduced):

    Use fatigue failure criteria

    General Method
    Examine primary shear stress due to external forces

    Examine secondary shear stress due to torsional and bending

    moments
    Estimate strengths of the parent metals
    Estimate strength of the weld metal
    Estimate permissible loads for parent metal
    Estimate permissible loads for weld metal

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