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    three types of arch dams design of arch dam thin cylinder theory thick cylinder theory calculation of central angels concrete for arch unite

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    101 views8 pages

    مسائل على القوسية

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    reem.ranoom.moon
    three types of arch dams design of arch dam thin cylinder theory thick cylinder theory calculation of central angels concrete for arch unite

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    of 8

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A.

    Alhamid 1432/1433H

    2.6 Arch Dams


    An Arch dam is curved in plan and carries most of the water loads
    horizontally to the sidewalls by arch action. The thrust thus developed
    makes it essential that the side wall of the canyon be capable of resisting
    the arch forces.

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A. Alhamid 1432/1433H

    The first arch dam seems to be built in Iran in the middle of the 13 th
    century (masonry and 26 m H)
    Narrow gorges provide the most natural solution for an arch dam
    construction: L/H 5 is recommended.

    Arch and cupola dams transfer the greater proportion of the water load to
    the valley sides rather than the floor. Abutment integrity and stability are
    therefore critical.
    Arch dams offer great economics in volume of concrete and foundation
    excavation and preparation.
    Type of Arch Dams
    (i) Constant radius dam ( constant center arch dam)
    Vertical u/s face of constant radius with uniform radial d/s slope. D/s
    radius varies with elevation, Fig 3.14(a), central angle 2 reach maximum
    at crest level. (N.B. Not the most economical in volume, but simple in
    construction and suitable to U shape valleys.

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A. Alhamid 1432/1433H

    (ii) Constant angle dam


    The most economical arch section occurs when the central angle of the
    arch is 2= 133 34 at all elevation.
    Arch dam having central angle of horizontal arch units of constant
    magnitude from top to bottom.
    Constant angle arch dam leads to a considerable u/s overhang. Excessive
    overhang is undesirable, as the resulting local cross section can prove
    unstable under construction or for reservoir empty condition. To alleviate
    this it may be necessary to introduce an u/s prop, Fig 3.14(b).
    This profile is best suited to narrow and relatively symmetrical steep
    sided V shaped valleys.

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A. Alhamid 1432/1433H

    (iii) Variable radius arch dam


    (iv) Cupola arch dam

    (v) Arch gravity dam


    (vi) Multiple arch dam.
    Arch dam analysis
    The concept of overturning and sliding stability applicable to gravity or
    buttress dam analysis have little relevant to the arch dams. An Arch dam
    represents a stable structural form and given that the integrity of the
    supporting abutments is assured. Failure can occur only as a result of
    overstress. Arch dam design is therefore centered largely upon stress
    analysis and the definition of an arch geometry which avoids local tensile
    stress concentrations and/or excessive compressive stress.
    The various forces acting on arch dams are same as for gravity dams.
    However the relative important of forces is different in arch dam. Since
    arch dams are thin, uplift forces are less important. The internal stresses
    caused by ice pressure, thermal changes and yielding of supports
    (abutments) are very important in arch dam.
    Methods of arch dam design
    1- Preliminary methods
    (i) Thin cylinder theory

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A. Alhamid 1432/1433H

    (ii) Thick cylinder theory


    (iii) Elastic theory.
    2- Elaborate methods
    (i) Trail load analysis
    (ii) Shell method
    (iii) Finite element method
    3- Experimental methods.
    Thin Cylinder Theory
    Water weight and concrete weight are carried directly to foundation. The
    horizontal load is carried by arch action.
    The discrete horizontal arch elements are each assumed to form part of a
    complete ring subjected to uniform external radial water pressure, Pw

    This force is balanced by the u/s component of the abutment reaction =


    2R sin

    If the thickness, Tt, of the arch rib is small as compared to Ru, the
    compressive horizontal stress, h R/Tt

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A. Alhamid 1432/1433H

    h is the allowable working stress for concrete in compression.


    Therefore the arch thickness should therefore diminish towards the crown
    and increase close to the abutments. And rib thickness increase linearly
    with elevation.
    The volume of concrete for a single rib across a canyon of width B is

    But

    i.e.

    In practice the central angles of arch dams vary from 100 to 150 . The
    base width of arch dam is usually between (0.1-0.5) H, Fig. 14.22.
    Tt can be expressed in Rd (entenal radius) by using:

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A. Alhamid 1432/1433H

    CE 423 Hydraulic Structures KSU-CoE- Prof. A. Alhamid 1432/1433H

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